Title: The Role Of Florida’S Geography In Lighthouse Location

Lesson Title: Florida Lighthouse Geography

Activity: Predict locations of Lighthouses along Florida’s coastlines based on prominent coastal features on and near the Florida peninsula.

Materials Needed: 1. Coastal Geography Vocabulary Sheet (Attachment #1) 2. Map North Carolina Coast with Lighthouses (Attachment #2) 3. Lighthouse Geography Analysis Sheet (Attachment #3) 4. Student and Master Maps of Florida. (Attachments #4 & 5) 5. Five Themes of Geography Worksheet (Attachment #6)

Time Needed: 1 day per activity (3-4 days for entire unit)

Sunshine State Standards: 1. SS.A.2.2.2: Student understands developments in transportation and communication in various societies. 2. SS.A.6.2.2: Student understands the influence of geography on the history of Florida. 3. SS.B.1.2.1: Student uses maps, globes, charts, graphs, and other geographic tools including map keys and symbols to gather and interpret data and to draw conclusions about physical patterns. 4. SS.B.2.2.2: Student understands how the physical environment supports and constrains human activities.

Procedures:

Activity #1: Coastal Geography Terms and Identification 1. Distribute Coastal Geography Terms Handout (Attachment #1a). 2. Instruct students to define terms using a dictionary. 3. Review student answers. Using Master Geography Term Sheet (Attachment 1b) as a reference, draw an example of each on the board and have students copy drawings of each coastal geographic term in the box provided next to each term.

Activity #2: The Impact of Geography on Emerging Economies 1. Discuss how coastal geography can encourage or discourage the development of maritime industry in certain geographic locations. Use the Coastal Geography and Maritime Development information sheet as a guide. (Attachment #2). 2. Using an overhead of a map of the Jacksonville area (Attachment #3), examine the port city of Jacksonville and identify coastal geographic features that contributed to its growth as a major maritime center. 3. Hand out Coastal Geography Map (Attachment #4a) to students. 4. Define the term Shipping Lane and identify the principle shipping lanes along Florida’s coast using a map of Florida (Attachment #4b). 5. Using the map of Florida (Attachment 4a & 4b), examine the coastal geography around the major Florida port cities of Jacksonville, Cape Canaveral, Miami, Tampa and Pensacola. Assist students in listing coastal geographic features found near each in the boxes provided on their maps. Refer to Attachment #4b to complete this activity. 6. Review and discuss how the growth and development of maritime industry in certain communities along Florida’s coast was directly influenced by the areas’ coastal geography. Examine the coast of Florida and help students predict where other maritime centers may be located based on the previously established geographic criteria. Use Attachments #2 and #4b as a needed.

Activity #3: Geographies Impact on Lighthouse Construction 1. Review coastal geography terms and discuss how each could aid or hinder the safe passage of vessels traveling along Florida’s coastal shipping lanes. 1. Discuss how ships required assistance in safely navigating in and out of harbors, bays, and inlets, and around dangerous underwater obstacles such as reefs, islands, and sandbar. 2. Discuss how the majority of Florida’s Lighthouses were built near inlets and bays or close to dangerous underwater obstacles such as reefs, islands, and sandbars. 3. Using a map of Ponce Inlet (Attachment #5), identify the location of the Ponce Inlet Lighthouse, the communities of Daytona and New Smyrna which it served, the off-shore shipping lane used by the maritime industry navigating along Florida’s coast, and the principle geographic features near the lighthouse that led to its construction. 4. Distribute a Florida Lighthouse Map (Attachment 6a) to each student. Identify the principle shipping lanes along Florida’s coast and discuss how the possible locations of each of Florida’s 30 lighthouses can be predicted by examining coastal geography. 5. Instruct students to examine the Florida coast and predict the location of Florida’s 30 lighthouses on their Florida Lighthouse Map (Attachment #6a) using the criteria learned in activities 1 & 2. Use the Ponce Inlet Lighthouse as an example when demonstrating how a lighthouse’s location can be predicted. 6. Compare student predictions with actual location of existing Florida lighthouses using the Florida Lighthouse Identification Map (Attachment #6a).

Further Enrichment Activity: Assign one Florida lighthouse to each student and have them complete 5 Themes of Geography worksheet. Completed sheets and pictures of each lighthouse can be used to construct a Florida Lighthouse Bulletin Board. Attachment #1a

Student Name: ______Date: ______

Coastal Geography Terms Directions: Define the following coastal geographic terms and illustrate each in the box provided to the right of each definition.

1) Peninsula: ______

2) Inlet: ______

3) Cape: ______

4) River: ______5) Island: ______

6) Barrier Island: ______

7) Isthmus: ______

8) Gulf: ______

9) Bay: ______

10) Challenge Words: Reef Sandbar Attachment #1b

Master Coastal Geography Terms Sheet

Directions: Define the following coastal geographic terms and illustrate each in the box provided to the right of each definition.

1) Peninsula: A peninsula is a large land mass surrounded on three sides by water.

2) Inlet: An inlet is a narrow body of water leading inland from a larger body of water. Inlets often connect a large body of water such as an ocean, sea, or gulf to an inland river or lake. An inlet is also known as a straight.

3) Cape: A cape is a small peninsula that sticks out from a larger land mass into a large body of water.

4) River: A river is a natural stream of water, usually freshwater, flowing toward an ocean, a lake, or another stream. 5) Island: An island is a piece of land that is completely surrounded by water. Coral islands in Florida are called keys and are often found near reefs, especially along the southern tip of the Florida peninsula.

6) Barrier Island: A barrier island is a narrow island of sand that separates a large body of water from the mainland. Barrier Islands are usually made of sand. The water lying between a barrier island and the mainland is commonly called a lagoon.

7) Isthmus: An isthmus is a narrow strip of land connecting two larger landmasses. An isthmus has water on two sides.

8) Gulf: A gulf is a large body of water connected on one side to an ocean or sea and surrounded on three sides by land.

9) Bay: A bay is a body of water surrounded on three sides by land and connected to a larger body of water by an inlet or straight.

10) Challenge Words: Reef Sandbar Attachment #3

Coastal Geography and Maritime Development Attachment 6b: Master Florida Lighthouse Map

Attachment 6a Student Name: ______

Attachment #6

Student Name: ______Date: ______

Florida Lighthouses and the Five Themes of Geography

Lighthouse Name: ______

Location: What is your lighthouse’s Position on the Earth’s surface in absolute (latitude and longitude) and relative Florida Lighthouses Listed Alphabetically

Lighthouse Height Built Location 1 Alligator Reef 150 ft. 1873 24 51 06 N 80 37 06 W 2 Amelia Island 64 ft. 1839 30 40 24 N 80 26 30 W 3 American Shoal 124 ft. 1880 24 31 30 N 81 31 12 W 4 Anclote Key 96 ft 1887 28 10 02 N 82 50 44 W 5 Boca Grande 44 ft. 1890 26 43 02 N 82 15 39 W 6 Cape Canaveral 145 ft. 1894 28 27 37 N 80 32 36 W 7 Cape Florida 95 ft. 1846 25 35 24 N 80 05 48 W 8 Cape St. George 74 ft. 1852 29 39 46 N 84 51 48 W 9 Cape San Blas 95 ft. 1885 29 40 16 N 85 21 23 W 10 Carysfort Reef 112 ft. 1852 25 13 18 N 80 12 42 W 11 Cedar Keys 33 ft. 1854 29 05 47 N 83 03 55 W 12 Crooked River 103 ft. 1885 29 49 37 N 84 42 02 W 13 Dog Island 40 ft. 1851 29 47 00 N 84 40 00 W 14 Egmont Key 76 ft. 1858 27 36 03 N 82 45 38 W 15 Fort Jefferson 82 ft. 1886 24 37 36 N 81 06 36 W 16 Fowey Rocks 125 ft. 1878 25 35 24 N 80 05 48 W 17 Gasparilla Island 105 ft. 1891 26 44 31 N 82 15 48 W 18 Hillsboro Inlet 142 ft. 1907 26 15 33 N 80 04 51 W 19 Jupiter Inlet 108 ft. 1860 26 56 55 N 80 04 55 W 20 Key West 86 ft. 1848 24 33 02 N 81 48 02 W 21 Loggerhead Key 157 ft. 1858 24 38 00 N 82 55 12 W 22 Mayport 64 ft. 1954 30 23 06 N 81 23 54 W 23 Pensacola 150 ft. 1859 30 20 46 N 87 18 29 W 24 Ponce Inlet 175 ft. 1887 29 04 48 N 80 55 42 W 25 St. Augustine 167 ft. 1871 29 53 08 N 81 17 19 W 26 St. Johns River 80 ft. 1859 30 23 37 N 81 25 33 W 27 St. Marks 88 ft. 1842 30 04 18 N 84 10 48 W 28 Sand Key 132 ft. 1853 24 27 14 N 81 52 39 W 29 Sanibel Island 112 ft. 1884 26 27 11 N 82 00 51 W 30 Sombrero Key 156 ft. 1858 24 37 36 N 81 06 36 W