North Kingstown High School

Health and Wellness Student Survey Results

School Year 2014-2015

Final Data Report

prepared for: The North Kingstown Prevention Coalition Kathy Yeager, Coalition Coordinator

prepared by: John Mattson, Evaluation Consultant

December 11, 2015 (revised) North Kingstown Youth Health and Wellness Survey 2014-15

Executive Summary

The North Kingstown Prevention Coalition, was awarded a Year-6 federal Drug-Free Communities (DFC) grant in September 2014. This grant requires that data be collected on the target population of local students (ages 12-17) annually to better understand specific local conditions and risk and protective factors than might influence behaviors that lead to or hinder substance use in teens.

The DFC grant requires coalitions to address two major goals: 1. Establish and strengthen collaboration among communities, private nonprofit agencies, and federal, state and local and tribal governments to support the efforts of community coalitions to prevent and reduce substance abuse among youth; and 2. Reduce substance abuse among youth and, over time, among adults by addressing the factors in a community that increase the risk of substance abuse and promoting the factors that minimize the risk of substance abuse. Data is collected on four National Outcome Measurements: Last 30-Day Use, Perception of Risk for Harm, Parental Disapproval and Peer Disapproval.

A summary of the key results:

1. Survey Demographics: Overall, 1,155 NK high school students in grades 9 through 12 responded to the Health and Wellness survey in March, 2015. Of these, 504 (46.3%) were males and 585 (532.7%) were females.

2. Overall Use: Use tends to increase in tandem with grade level. Alcohol was the reported to be overall the most used substance (45%), significantly higher than students who reported trying marijuana (29%). Lifetime reported use of tobacco and alcohol was significantly higher this year than in past years, while lifetime marijuana and prescription drug use both declined.

A majority of students did not report using any substances during their lifetime. Overall, 87% report to have never tried tobacco, 55% have never used alcohol, 71% have never tried marijuana and 91% have never used non- medical prescription drugs.

3. Last 30-Day Use: Last 30-day use was highest for alcohol (20%), and marijuana (18%) with non-medicinal use of prescription drugs and tobacco use both at 5%. Twelfth grade males reported the highest levels for use of alcohol (40%), marijuana (35%), prescription drugs (11%) and tobacco (12%).

A majority of students reported not having used tobacco (95%), alcohol (80%), marijuana (82%) or prescription drugs (95%) over the last 30 days.

4. Age of Onset: Most students who have used any substance reported first trying them at the ages between 13 and 15 years of age. About 20% of students who have used tobacco or alcohol claim to have started using by or before the age of 12, with about 16% of those who have used marijuana saying they started by age 12 or earlier.

5. Perception of Risk or Harm: The lowest rate of perceived risk or harm was among grade 12 males with only 21% indicating moderate or great risk associated with regular marijuana use. The second lowest perception is 38% within grade 11 males. Perception of risk or harm for marijuana use received by far the lowest rates of moderate or great risk responses for every grade, at least 40% lower than the perception of risk or harm by alcohol. Tobacco use and non-medical prescription drug use had the highest perceived rates of risk or harm. The lower the perception of risk or harm is, the more likely students are to try a substance. Overall a large majority of students reported moderate or great risk of harm for using tobacco (91%), alcohol (81%), and prescription drugs (90%) However, their perception of risk for marijuana was much lower (59% for daily use and only 44% for 1-2 weekly use).

2 6. Peer Disapproval: Student perception of peer disapproval was high for tobacco(80%), alcohol (72%) and prescription drugs (85%), but much lower for marijuana use (48%) suggesting that students who do not use often will not disapprove of others using. Marijuana was clearly the substance with the lowest perception of peer disapproval.

7. Perception of Peer Use: Students perceive extremely high peer use for all substances, far greater than the actual reported uses. This suggests that many students believe their peers are possibly using substance when in fact a much smaller number actually reported consumption.

8. Parental Disapproval: As in past years, perception of parental disapproval for all substances remains very high. Student perception of parental disapproval by grade cluster is nearly identical for cigarettes, alcohol and prescription drug use, but falls by 6% for marijuana use. Analysis of grade cluster data revealed that a large majority of the 9th/10th grade cohort cluster (89%) cited moderate or great parental disapproval, whereas 8% fewer of the 11th/12th graders (81%) perceived of parental disapproval for marijuana use

9. Ease of Access/Obtaining: As North Kingstown students grow older, accessibility to any substance appears to become less of an obstacle. In the upper level grades (11/12), there is apparently very little problem for any student who wants to gain access tobacco, alcohol or marijuana to do so.

10. Tobacco Use: Most students (93%) reported never having used cigarettes or nicotine. Of those who did us nicotine in some manner, 16% reported using e-cigarettes, 8% reported having used a hookah pen, and 28% claim to have used some form of vapor pen.

11. Use of Marijuana: Those who use marijuana reported that they prefer to smoke it in a joint or blunt (21%). A very small percentage (4%) reported having eaten it at some time in a food product. Using a bong, water pipe or hookah for smoking was reported by 17% of respondents, while 16% report having "vaped" the product.

Overview: The North Kingstown Prevention Coalition in partnership with the NK Schools and Student Assistance Program has made significant progress addressing and reducing youth substance abuse. Concerns remain for the use of alcohol and marijuana, in particular by 11th and 12th grade students. Non-medical prescription drug use is an emerging issue that should be given consideration in light of the state's current opioid epidemic.

The lowering rate of student perception of risk or harm for marijuana use is perhaps the biggest concern noted in this report, though it has yet to show as any increase in last 30-day use of marijuana. The use of substances by 11th and 12th grade students, in particular by males, is a major concern. The sudden rise in popularity of nicotine delivery devices, in particular of e-cigarettes and 'vaping' devises, is also a source of some concern, and may account for the increase in lifetime tobacco use reported.

3 Demographics

The information included in this report is from the most recent North Kingstown Health and Wellness survey of this population and, overall, 1,155 students were surveyed. After controlling for invalid responses – omissions of the grade and gender information needed to compute within- and between- group comparisons – 1,089 respondent sets remained. The following table presents respondent characteristics by grade and gender. This information is the basis for the gender and grade breakdowns in this report.

Table 1.0 – Respondents by Gender and Grade

What is your gender? Male Female Total Grade Grade 9 Count 141 172 313 % within Grade 45.0% 55.0% 100% Grade 10 Count 139 129 268 % within Grade 51.9% 48.1% 100% Grade 11 Count 123 155 278 % within Grade 44.2% 55.8% 100% Grade 12 Count 101 129 230 % within Grade 43.9% 56.1% 100% Total Count 504 585 1089 % within Grade 46.3% 53.7% 100%

Overall, there are 47 fewer respondents in 2015 than there were in 2014 in which the total and valid response numbers were 1,089 and 1,136, respectively. Annual comparisons using 2013 and 2014 data are based on valid responses from those years. The data results were statistically valid for all grades at the 95% confidence level.

The following figure presents percentages of respondents by their feeder middle school. Chart 1.0 Responses by Middle School Attended

Ninety-eight percent of respondents indicated that they provided honest answers to the survey questions, while 57 percent of respondents indicated believing their classmates provided honest responses. A common theme throughout survey response is the slight misalignment between student responses and student perceptions. Overall, however, responses on this particular survey appear reasonably valid.

When asked which middle school they had attended, 44% reported that they attended Davisville MS, 35% selected Wickford MS, 9% Jamestown, and 12% selected other.

Sixty-three percent indicated having heard about the North Kingstown High School Chemical Health Policy and almost 25 percent reported thinking the policy has prevented students from smoking, drinking, and doing drugs.

When asked, “Do you think that marijuana should be legal for use by people 21 and older in Rhode Island?” just over 40 percent indicated, “Yes.” 4 SUMMARY TABLES AND FIGURES

Table 2.0. Lifetime Reported Use By Grade Level and gender Grade/Gender Tobacco Alcohol Marijuana Pills Grade 9 M 7% 29% 23% 8% Grade 9 F 8% 24% 10% 6% Grade 9 Total 8% 26% 16% 7% Grade 10 M 12% 35% 24% 8% Grade 10 F 12% 38% 22% 9% Grade 10 Total 12% 36% 23% 9% Grade 11 M 16% 48% 34% 8% Grade 11 F 12% 54% 35% 8% Grade 11 Total 14% 51% 35% 8% Grade 12 M 22% 66% 50% 24% Grade 12 F 16% 65% 40% 6% Grade 12 Total 18% 65% 44% 14% Overall 13% 45% 29% 9% Overall M 14% 44% 33% 12% Overall F 12% 45% 27% 7% Grades 9 - 10 10% 31% 19% 8% Grades 11- 12 16% 58% 40% 11%

Summary: Overall use data reveals that more students have tried alcohol than any other substance, with marijuana use following somewhat behind. Lifetime use of prescription drugs received the lowest reported user rate with tobacco close behind. User rates for alcohol and marijuana generally increased as the student rises in grade. Males tended to use tobacco, marijuana and pills at a higher rake than females, but alcohol use was fairly even from grade to grade. Grade 12 males reported at the highest lifetime use levels for all substances.

5 Summary: - Use tends to increase in tandem with grade level. Alcohol has the highest reported use rate among grade 12 males at 66 percent reporting being drinkers. Likewise, grade 12 males have the highest reported marijuana use at 50%.

Chart 3. Lifetime Use by Grade Clusters

Summary: When we examine the data by grade cohorts, it is obvious that older students report much higher levels of substance use than the younger grades, in particular when it involved alcohol or marijuana.

Table 3. Lifetime Reported Non-Use By Grade Level and Gender

Grade / Gender Tobacco Alcohol Marijuana Pills Grade 9 Male 93% 71% 77% 92% Grade 9 Female 92% 76% 90% 94% Grade 9 Total 92% 74% 84% 93% Grade 10 Male 88% 65% 76% 92%

6 Grade 10 Female 88% 63% 78% 91% Grade 10 Total 88% 64% 77% 91% Grade 11 Male 84% 52% 66% 92% Grade 11 Female 88% 46% 65% 92% Grade 11 Total 86% 49% 65% 92% Grade 12 Male 78% 34% 50% 76% Grade 12 Female 84% 35% 60% 94% Grade 12 Total 82% 35% 56% 86% Overall 87% 55% 71% 91% Overall Male 86% 56% 67% 88% Overall Female 88% 55% 73% 93% Grades 9 - 10 90% 69% 81% 92% Grades 11- 12 84% 42% 60% 89%

Summary: An inverse glimpse at the table 2 confirms that a majority of students have not used any substance in their lifetimes, but of those who did, alcohol was the most likely substance of choice, followed by marijuana.

7 Chart 4. Lifetime Non-Use for Each Drug by Grade and Gender

Summary: Here is a visual representation of the data provided in Table 3. Note how tobacco and prescription drug use have the highest number of lifetime non-users, while alcohol clearly is at the lowest levels for every grade.

8 Chart 5. Reported Lifetime Use: Three-Year Use Trend1

Summary: There are some significant differences between years, especially for tobacco and alcohol use. The data has been checked and double-checked and the numbers hold true. Some possible causes: Are there any “in the field” explanations for such large differences? New participant selection scheme? Emphasis on some, but not other drugs and/or avoidance techniques? Cohort-specific idiosyncrasies? Any of these factors might have impacted results.

AGE OF ONSET

Chart 6. Age of Onset: Tobacco

Summary: North Kingstown students who use tobacco in their lifetime are most likely to begin doing so at ages 13 or 14, though a significant number (15%) claim to have tried smoking at age 10 or younger.

9 Chart 7. Age of Onset: Alcohol

Summary: Alcohol use is reported to begin most frequently between the ages of 14 to 16 years old. Fewer than 20% claimed alcohol use under the age of 12, but the greatest level of alcohol use begins at age 15, when students have most likely entered high school.

10 Chart 8. Age of Onset: Marijuana

Summary: A majority of NK students (54%) reported that they started to use marijuana at ages 14 or 15, coinciding with entrance into high school. There was a smaller number who reported using at age 13 or younger. These students bear particular watching if their use behavior continues into high school to prevent them from moving on to harder or more potent drugs.

11 Table 3. LAST 30 DAYS USE: Percent Indicating Use

Tobacc Grade/ Gender o Alcohol Marijuana Pills Grade 9 M 1% 8% 15% 5% Grade 9 F 4% 10% 8% 4% Grade G 9 Total 2% 9% 11% 5% Grade 10 M 2% 12% 15% 6% Grade 10 F 5% 13% 12% 4% Grade 10 Total 3% 13% 14% 5% Grade 11 M 6% 28% 25% 7% Grade 11 F 3% 23% 11% 5% Grade 11 Total 4% 25% 17% 5% Grade 12 M 12% 40% 35% 11% Grade 12 F 6% 26% 25% 4% Grade 12 Total 9% 32% 29% 7% Overall Total 5% 20% 18% 5% Overall M 5% 22% 22% 7% Overall F 4% 18% 14% 4% Grades 9 - 10 3% 11% 12% 5% Grades 11- 12 6% 29% 23% 6%

Summary: Past 30-day use is a measure of most current use for each substance. The values highlighted in yellow signify important totals to pay attention to. Notice how 12th grade males have the highest reported last 30-day use in all four substance categories. One point to consider is why 9th grade makes are reportedly twice as likely to be using marijuana than they are alcohol.

12 LAST 30 DAYS USE: Percent Indicating Use by Grade Clusters

Summary: Chart 9 presents last 30-day data for NKHS students by grade clusters. There is a dramatic increase in grades 11 and 12 for use of tobacco, alcohol and marijuana, but prescription drug use remains relatively equal across grades. Reported use of alcohol nearly triples while use of tobacco and marijuana double.

13 Table 4. Last 30-Days Indicating Non-Use Non-Medical Grade/ Gender Tobacco Alcohol Marijuana use of Rx Drugs Grade 9 M 99% 92% 85% 95% Grade 9 F 96% 90% 92% 96% Grade 9 Total 98% 91% 89% 95% Grade 10 M 98% 88% 85% 94% Grade 10 F 95% 87% 88% 96% Grade 10 Total 97% 87% 86% 95% Grade G 11 M 94% 72% 75% 93% Grade 11 F 97% 77% 89% 95% Grade 11 Total 96% 75% 83% 95% Grade 12 M 88% 60% 65% 89% Grade 12 F 94% 74% 75% 96% Grade 12 Total 91% 68% 71% 93% Overall Total 95% 80% 82% 95% Overall M 95% 78% 78% 93% Overall F 96% 82% 86% 96% Grades 9 - 10 97% 89% 88% 95% Grades 11- 12 94% 71% 77% 94%

Summary: Last 30-day Non-Use clearly gives a sense that the majority of students do not use substances of any kind, even at the higher grades.

14 Summary: Chart 10 provides a visual representation of the total number of students who do not report using a substance during the past 30 days. The most noticeable decline of non-use occurs at the higher grades for alcohol and marijuana.

15 PERCEPTION OF RISK OR HARM

Table 5. Percentages Indicating Moderate or Great Risk by Regular Use Alcohol: 5 or more Alcohol: 1 or 2 Marijuana: Once drinks twice drinks every or Twice per Marijuana: Nearly Tobacco per week day Week every day Pills Grade G 9 M 92% 81% 77% 49% 62% 88% Grade 9 F 91% 86% 87% 53% 70% 87% Grade 9 Total 92% 84% 82% 51% 67% 88% Grade 10 M 89% 74% 72% 40% 55% 88% Grade 10 F 95% 87% 84% 55% 71% 92% Grade 10 Total 92% 80% 78% 47% 63% 90% Grade 11 M 89% 77% 76% 38% 46% 90% Grade 11 F 96% 89% 89% 46% 62% 94% Grade 11 Total 93% 84% 83% 43% 55% 92% Grade 12 M 89% 71% 67% 21% 38% 90% Grade 12 F 89% 83% 88% 44% 60% 91% Grade 12 Total 89% 78% 79% 34% 50% 90% Overall 91% 81% 81% 44% 59% 90% Overall M 90% 76% 73% 37% 50% 89% Overall F 93% 86% 87% 50% 66% 91% Gs 9 - 10 92% 82% 80% 49% 65% 89% Gs 11- 12 91% 81% 81% 38% 53% 91%

Summary: The lowest perception of risk is among Grade 12 males within their marijuana responses, with only 21 percent indicating moderate or great risk associated with the Marijuana Once or Twice a Week. Grade 12 males also reported the lowest levels of risk for binge drinking, daily alcohol use and for daily marijuana use.

16 Summary: Perception of risk is presented above in the bar graph for 6 categories of substance use. It is clear that marijuana use on occasion and daily has the lowest perception of associated risk and harm for every grade level.

17 Chart 12. Perception of Risk by Grade Clusters

Summary: Chart 12 provides a clear look at perception of risk by grade clusters. Notice that associated risks are rather high for tobacco, alcohol and prescription drugs but significantly lower for marijuana use within each grade cluster.

18 Peer Perception of Use

Summary: Peer perception of risk data suggests that marijuana is by far the substance that has the lowest amount of perceived risk or harm for all types of breakdowns, including by grade cluster and by gender. Male perception suggests they assign lower risk to all forms of substance use than females, while grade cluster produced more similar results by substance with the exception of marijuana.

Parent Perception of Use

Summary: Parental perception of disapproval is visually displayed on Chart 14, and suggests that students perceive parental disapproval to be at a high level for all substances. This remains consistent even when data is disaggregated by gender or by grade cluster.

19 Table 6. Perception of Ease of Obtaining: Easy or Very Easy to Obtain

If you wanted to How hard How hard How hard get some If you wanted How hard or or easy or easy or easy beer, wine How hard or How hard or to get a easy would it would it be would it would it be or hard easy would easy would it pharmaceutic be for you to for you to be for you for you to liquor it be for you be for you to al drug not take an get alcohol to buy an buy an (vodka, If you to get an get alcohol prescribed to alcoholic from a alcoholic alcoholic whiskey, wanted to alcoholic by asking you, how easy beverage from friend who beverage beverage If you wanted etc.), how get some drink when someone 21 or hard would your home is under 21 with a at a bar or to get tobacco, hard or marijuana, you are at a or older to it be for you to without your years of fake ID at package how hard or easy would how hard or party with buy it for get some in parent's age when a bar or store easy would it it be for easy would friends? you? North consent? you're not package without a Grade/ be for you to you to get it be for you Kingstown? at a party? store? fake ID? Gender get some? some? to get some? G9M 57.5% 54.6% 38.1% 52.1% 38.2% 27.0% 12.8% 10.0% 19.9% 0.9% G9F 56.1% 44.5% 38.4% 44.2% 30.6% 20.4% 8.2% 3.4% 19.7% 0.0% G9 Total 56.7% 49.0% 38.3% 47.8% 34.1% 23.3% 10.3% 6.4% 19.8% 0.4% G10M 57.7% 62.3% 38.1% 55.0% 41.0% 36.9% 18.8% 14.4% 19.5% 0.9% G10F 65.1% 48.8% 44.2% 58.2% 39.1% 32.0% 10.8% 5.5% 21.9% 0.0% G10 Total 61.2% 55.9% 41.0% 56.6% 40.1% 34.6% 15.0% 10.1% 20.6% 0.5% G11M 74.0% 69.9% 55.3% 64.2% 56.5% 46.4% 23.3% 23.0% 28.4% 0.0% G11F 69.3% 68.1% 43.2% 65.2% 51.6% 45.8% 14.2% 10.4% 23.9% 0.0% G11 Total 71.4% 69.0% 48.6% 64.8% 53.8% 46.0% 18.3% 15.9% 25.9% 0.0% G12M 75.0% 80.2% 61.4% 72.3% 59.6% 57.4% 28.0% 19.8% 34.4% 0.0% G12F 82.7% 77.9% 52.3% 67.7% 59.0% 58.9% 23.3% 10.1% 26.3% 0.0% G12 Total 79.3% 78.9% 56.3% 69.7% 59.2% 58.3% 25.3% 14.4% 29.8% 0.0% ALL 67.2% 63.2% 46.1% 59.7% 46.8% 40.6% 17.2% 11.7% 24.0% 0.2% All Male 66.1% 66.8% 48.2% 60.9% 48.8% 41.9% 20.7% 16.8% 25.6% 0.5% All Female 68.3% 59.8% 44.5% 58.8% 45.1% 39.3% 14.1% 7.4% 23.0% 0.0% G 9 + 10 59.0% 52.5% 39.7% 52.2% 37.1% 29.0% 12.7% 8.3% 20.2% 0.5% G 11 + 12 75.4% 74.0% 52.5% 67.3% 56.5% 52.2% 21.8% 15.2% 27.9% 0.0% Summary: Students reported that it was relatively easy to get alcohol and marijuana if they wanted it, but almost all students thought getting a prescription drug without a doctor's prescription would be very difficult. Grade 12 males and females have apparently easier access to practically all substances than their younger peers. Tobacco was reported to be the overall easiest to obtain, followed closely by alcohol. Nearly half of all students report that it would be easy or very easy to obtain marijuana if they so choose.

20 Table 9. Nicotine Use I have never used any I have used Grade/ type of electronic I have used some other Gender nicotine delivery I have used hookah form of systems. e-tobacco. pens. vaporizer. G 9 M 97% 13% 8% 27% G 9 F 95% 8% 3% 13% G 9 Total 96% 10% 5% 19% G 10 M 92% 17% 9% 27% G 10 F 97% 12% 5% 19% G 10 Total 94% 15% 8% 23% G 11 M 85% 20% 14% 32% G 11 F 96% 15% 7% 29% G 11 Total 91% 17% 10% 30% G 12 M 89% 22% 11% 51% G 12 F 95% 20% 11% 34% G 12 Total 92% 21% 11% 41% Overall 93% 16% 8% 28% Overall M 91% 18% 10% 34% Overall F 96% 14% 6% 24% Gs 9 - 10 95% 12% 6% 21% Gs 11- 12 92% 19% 10% 36%

Summary: Students were asked if they had used any electronic devises to use nicotine. A large majority of NKHS students (over 90%) indicated that they had never used any form of electronic nicotine delivery system. Of those who did use one, most had used some form of vaporizers (28%) while about 16% reported having used e-tobacco at some time, and 8% used a hookah pen. Grade 11 males were the most likely to have used some form of electronic device for nicotine.

21 Table 10. Marijuana: How was it used?

I smoked it in I "vaped" it I smoked it with a regular pipe I smoked it in with an I ate it as I smoked it a bong, water or similar as dabs, BHO, electronic a food in a joint. pipe, or hookah. device. or has oil. device. product. G 9 M 16% 16% 9% 13% 12% 3% G 9 F 7% 5% 4% 5% 6% 2% G 9 Total 11% 10% 6% 9% 9% 3% G 10 M 17% 13% 10% 12% 14% 3% G 10 F 15% 13% 5% 9% 8% 2% G 10 Total 16% 13% 8% 10% 11% 2% G 11 M 29% 24% 19% 20% 22% 6% G 11 F 28% 17% 7% 9% 16% 1% G 11 Total 28% 20% 12% 14% 19% 3% G 12 M 36% 31% 27% 27% 31% 10% G 12 F 26% 18% 12% 15% 18% 4% G 12 Total 30% 24% 18% 20% 24% 7% Overall 21% 17% 11% 13% 16% 4% Overall M 24% 21% 16% 18% 20% 5% Overall F 19% 13% 7% 9% 12% 2% Gs 9 - 10 13% 12% 7% 10% 10% 2% Gs 11- 12 29% 22% 15% 17% 21% 5% Summary: Students who used marijuana were asked how they were most likely to use it. This question offered them a chance provide multiple responses. Most students who use marijuana smoke it as a joint or with some form of pipe or bong. Some reported using vaping devises, while fewer reported using edibles. About 13% reported having smoked hash oil or "dabs," but only 4% report ever having eaten a food that contained marijuana derivatives. Grade 12 males reported the most varied use of ways to consume marijuana, and overall, males were slightly more likely consumers than females.

22 Summary: Students were asked if they undertook other activities while driving. A large number of older students reported that they used cell phones while driving (39%), while some (23%) reported texting while driving. Students were more likely to report driving after using marijuana than they were to report driving after using alcohol or prescription drugs.

Table 11. Driving Distracted after Using a substance or texting/cell phone

After using Table 11. After drinking marijua After using rx drugs After using two or more And spoken on cell alcohol na not prescribed to you of the first three And texted phone Grade 9 Males 2% 2% 1% 1% 1% 2% Grade 9 Females 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 4% Grade 9 Total 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 3% Grade 10 Males 1% 1% 0% 0% 1% 4% Grade 10 Females 2% 2% 2% 1% 2% 2% Grade 10 Total 1% 2% 1% 0% 1% 3% Grade 11 Males 2% 12% 5% 5% 15% 26% Grade 11 Females 3% 5% 2% 3% 13% 26% Grade 11 Total 3% 8% 3% 4% 14% 26% Grade 12 Males 11% 28% 8% 7% 32% 52% Grade 12 Females 2% 12% 3% 2% 32% 53% Grade 12 Total 6% 19% 5% 4% 32% 52% Overall 3% 8% 3% 2% 12% 21% Overall Males 4% 11% 5% 4% 12% 21% Overall Females 2% 5% 2% 2% 12% 21%

23 Grades 9 - 10 2% 2% 1% 1% 2% 3% Grades 11- 12 4% 14% 4% 4% 23% 39% Summary: As mentioned above on Chart 15, the use of marijuana before driving was reported by nearly 20% of all students, with grade 12 males the largest user group. They were also reportedly the more likely to drink and drive. Both grade 12 males and females reported texting and using cell phones while driving.

24 Summary: Student who reported drinking over the past 30 days were asked to reveal how they were able to access alcohol. The students were allowed to make multiple responses to this question. The most popular responses were to give someone money to buy it for them (30%), got it at a party with no adult present (28%), and got it from my parents without their knowledge (28%). Very few students (8%) reported that they were able to purchase it themselves from a store or from a local alcohol vendor.

Summary: Student who reported using marijuana over the past 30 days were asked to reveal how they were able to access to it. The students were allowed to make multiple responses to this question. The most popular responses were bought it from a friend or acquaintance (36%), gave someone else money to buy it for me (10%), and got it from a sibling or family member (10%). Very few students (4%) reported that they were able to purchase medicinal marijuana.

Summary: We compared overall lifetime use and last 30-day use to student perceived use by peers and once again, the gap between actual use and perceived use was very large for all substances. Students perceive much greater levels of use than actually are being reported, which is very useful information that reflects a youth norm of perception being much greater than reality. This is useful information on which to base a social norms campaign.