Nutrient Disorder Management In Groundnut
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NUTRIENT DISORDER MANAGEMENT IN GROUNDNUT
1. Potassium Deficiency
Symptoms
The deficiency occurs in light soils especially when N and P alone are applied without FYM. Leaves of deficient plants do not grow normally and appear irregular in shape. In matured leaves instead of normal uniform green colour, there is yellowish green colour, spreading from the leaf apex and along the leaf margins to middle of the leaf. But the areas around the vein remain normal.
Remedies
Apply muriate of potash equivalent to 16-20 kg K2O/acre.
Resources
POTASSIUM CONTENT OF VARIOUS FERTILIZERS (%) Muriate of Potash 60% Gromore 14%
2. Calcium Deficiency
Symptoms
The deficiency is normally seen in light alkaline or light soils. Tender parts of stem and roots are damaged and growth remains stunted. Depressions can be observed on tender leaves and on under surface of the leaves. Tender leaves are curled up.
Remedies
Apply 200 kg of gypsum/acre at peg formation stage, which can correct both calcium & sulphur deficiency
Resources Calcium CONTENT OF VARIOUS FERTILIZERS (%) Calcium Chelate 1 - 4% Calcium Ammonium Nitrate Calcium Nitrate
3. Iron Deficiency
Symptoms
The deficiency mostly occur in calcareous soil or when water containing high bicarbonate and carbonates are used for irrigation. Interveinal chlorosis occurs initially due to deficiency of iron. later, the entire leaf may turn chlorotic. In case of severe deficiency, the entire lamina may become chlorotic or white.
Remedies
Spray 5 g ferrous sulphate with 1 g citric acid per litre of water, at weekly intervals till deficiency symptoms disappear.
Resources
IRON CONTENT OF VARIOUS FERTILIZERS (%) Ferrous Sulphate 20% Iron Chelate Na.FeEDTA 12%
4. Zinc Deficiency
Symptoms
The deficiency occur in light and calcareous soil or in soil irrigated with water containing high bicarbonate and carbonate ions. Zinc deficient leaves appear small with short internodes, and as a cluster or rosette. Inter-veinal chlorosis also results
Remedies Spray zinc sulphate 2 g/l of water, two or three times at weekly intervals. For every three cropping seasons soil application of zinc sulphate 20 kg/acre prevent appearance of zinc deficiency.
Resources
ZINC CONTENT OF VARIOUS FERTILIZERS (%) Zinc Sulphate 22 - 35% Zinc Chelate NaZnGHEDTA 09% 5. Sulphur Deficiency
Symptoms
Young plants are smaller than normal. Young leaves appear small and yellowish-green. Due to erectness of the petiole, the leaflets are seen in the form of 'V'. Reduction in number of root nodules lowers the N fixation leading to chlorotic appearance of leaves. Plant growth is also stunted. Nodulation and pod formation is restricted and maturity of seeds is delayed.
Remedies
Apply super phosphate or gypsum 200 kg/acre at planting or pegging stage.
Resources
SULPHUR CONTENT OF VARIOUS FERTILIZERS (%) Ammonium Sulphate 24% Single Super Phosphate 12% Paramphos 15% Deficiency symptoms of micronutrients in groundnut Contents
[hide]
1 Iron deficiency symptoms: 2 Zinc deficiency symptoms: 3 Boron deficiency symptoms: 4 Molybdenum deficiency symptoms:
5 Manganese deficiency symptoms: [edit] Iron deficiency symptoms:
Iron (Fe) deficiency is common in calcareous soils (>7.5 pH) and in poorly drained soils. Legumes like groundnut are particularly sensitive to iron deficiency. The main symptom of iron deficiency is chlorosis or yellowing between the veins of new leaves.
The chlorosis or yellowing between the veins also results due to zinc deficiency.
Iron chlorosis extends to full length of leaves where as Chlorosis due to zinc deficiency occur mainly on the lower half of the leaves. Groundnut crop affected by iron deficiency (left) and iron deficiency corrected crop (right) by spraying of ferrous sulfate.
[edit] Zinc deficiency symptoms:
Zinc (Zn) deficiency is likely to occur
when soils are alkaline or low in organic matter, under high levels of soil Phosphorus, and when the soils are cool and wet during the vegetative phase.
Sometimes zinc (Zn) may be present in the soil, but not available to plants. A high soil pH, or a calcareous soil means that zinc is less available (soluble).
Crops under these soil conditions may suffer from zinc deficiency.
In zinc deficient leaves wider chlorotic strips are found.
These bands will usually be on the leaf portion nearest to the petiole. Zinc deficiency also results in stunted growth, while young leaves are smaller than normal.
Zinc deficiency symptoms may occur concurrently with Iron deficiency symptoms and the two can easily be confused.
However Iron chlorosis extends to full length of leaves where as Chlorosis due to zinc deficiency occur mainly on the lower half of the leaves.
[edit] Boron deficiency symptoms:
Boron (B) deficiency has been reported from many groundnut-growing areas in India.
Soil samples from parts of Tamil Nadu, UP, Maharashtra and Gujarat were found to be deficient in boron
It occurs on deep, and highly weathered soils.
The inner faces of the boron deficient groundnut cotyledons are depressed and discolored. This is classified as a form of internal damage and has been termed hollow heart.
[edit] Molybdenum deficiency symptoms:
The deficiency of molybdenum (Mo) is confined largely to acid soils (below 4.5 pH).
Mo availability increase with the increase in pH.
Its deficiency is quite likely in high pH soils (above 8.5 pH) also.
In legumes, including groundnut, a shortage of molybdenum affects the nitrogen-fixing activities of soil microorganisms. This results in less availability of nitrogen to the plants.
Hence, the symptoms of molybdenum deficiency are similar to those of ordinary nitrogen deficiency. Symptoms of molybdenum deficiency resemble those of nitrogen deficiency, that is, yellowing of leaves, stunted growth, and low yield.
[edit] Manganese deficiency symptoms:
Low availability of manganese (Mn) is usually associated with alkaline soils (above 7.5 pH) and excess of Mn with acid soils (below 4.5 pH).
In India since groundnut is mostly grown in the soils having pH more than 7.5 there is high incidence of Mn deficiency.
The main symptom of manganese deficiency is chlorosis or yellowing between the veins of new leaves.
There may also be a distinguishing characteristic of brown spots on the leaf margin (observe in the picture).