Axial Disability and Deep Brain Stimulation in Patients with Parkinson S Disease

Supplementary Table 2 | Effect of levodopa and DBS on specific gait parameters in gait analysis studies performed in PD patients with bilateral implant targeting STN or GPi Study Contro # of # of Age Disease Stimulation Latency of Positive effect on lled patie males (years) duration duration assessment nts (years) (months) without Velocity Stride (or Cadence Symmetry Double support Step or swing time stimulation step) length time variability (min) STN DBS Allert et Yes 6 NA 57.4 ± 11.8 ± 3 60 DBS§ DBS alone§ No effect§ DBS alone§* DBS§ DBS§ al.1 3.2 5.2 Faist et al.2 Yes 8 5 48.1 ± 14.7 15.4 ± 10.6 60 DBS DBS No effect 7.3 =levodopa =levodopa Stolze et Yes 9 56.0 ± NA 3 NA DBS Levodopa DBS al.3 7.0 =levodopa >DBS** >levodopa* Xie et al.4 No 10 5 55.8 ± 13.3 ± 10.2 ± 11.1 10 DBS DBS No effect DBS =levodopa* 9.6 4.5 =levodopa =levodopa Ferrarin et Yes 4 2 56.0 ± 19.0 ± 10.8 ± 3.2 60 DBS§ DBS alone§ No effect§ al.5 3.3 6.0 Bastian et Yes 6 3 53.5 ± NA 8.4 ± 2.3 480 DBS§ DBS alone§ No effect§ No effect§ al.6 13.2 Krystkowia No 10 7 57.0 ± 13 ± 5 3 ON DBS only Levodopa Levodopa DBS =levodopa k et al.7 8.0 >DBS >DBS Ferrarin et Yes 10 5 52–68 16.9 ± 10.4 ± 7.0 60 Levodopa al.8 5.5 >DBS Liu et al.9 No 11 2 53.8 ± 13.1 ± 16.3 ± 9.8 30 7.8 4.2 Piper et Yes 8 NA NA NA 36–48 720 DBS§ DBS alone§ No effect§ al.10 Liu et al.11 DBS No effect No 11 9 53.7 13.1 (41– 16.25 (6.0– 30 >levodopa 66) 31.9) Lubik et No 12 5 62.2 ± NA 22.7 ± 12.5 30 Levodopa Levodopa DBS No effect No effect al.12 7.7 >DBS >DBS >levodopa* Johnsen et Yes 12 NA 60.1 13.5 (9– 19.1 (12–30) 180 STN§ DBS alone§ No effect DBS alone§ al.13 (41– 23) 69) Hausdorff No 13 10 63.6 ± 12.9 ± 12.0 ± 7.0 30 Levodopa Levodopa No effect DBS* et al.14 8.7 5.6 >DBS >DBS Cantiniaux Yes 11 7 64.5 ± 13.0 ± NA 720 DBS DBS No effect et al.15 5.0 4.0 =levodopa =levodopa Rochester No 17 9 54.9 ± 12.5 ± 6 ON DBS only et al.16 9.5 6.4 Rocchi et Yes 15 11 11.9 ± 61.4 ± 6 30 al.17 4.8 5.5 Niu et al.18 No 10 6 61.7 ± 12.0 ± 12 ON DBS only 3.9 2.3 McNeely No 16 12 65 ± 16.0 ± 3.0 ± 21.6 42 DBS DBS et al.19 8.0 6.0 =levodopa =levodopa GPi DBS Allert et Yes 10 NA 55.2 ± 11.3 ± 3 60 DBS DBS* DBS* No effect§ No effect§ DBS§ al.1 9.8 2.6 Defebvre No 7 3 58.0 ± 15.0 ± 3 ON DBS only No effect Levodopa DBS§ et al.20 11.0 3.0 >DBS Piper et Yes 7 NA NA NA 36–48 720 DBS§ DBS§ No effect§ al.10 Rocchi et Yes 14 13 61.1 ± 12.9 ± 6 30 al.17 8.4 10.2 Numbers in brackets represent the range of data; blank cells indicate data is not available. Abbreviations: DBS, deep brain stimulation; GPi, globus pallidum pars interna; NA, not available; PD, Parkinson disease; STN, subthalamic nucleus. *The difference from stimulation OFF/medication OFF condition is not significant and represents only a trend. **The difference from stimulation OFF/medication ON condition is not significant and represents only a trend. §Data on levodopa effect not available.

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