Name: ______Date: ______Hour: ______
Unit 3: Climate Study Guide
Directions: Answer the following questions completely.
1. If you were comparing 3 cities at the same latitude, 1 city being near a warm water current, 1 being near a cold water current and the last being inland. Which city would you expect to have: a. The greatest temperature difference?
b. The warmest temperatures in the summer?
c. The coldest temperatures in the winter?
2. Using the pocket you created give a brief description of the following factors that influence climate: a. Cities vs rural areas
b. Surface properties
c. Altitude
d. Ocean Currents
e. Seasons
f. Clouds
3. What is El Nino? 4. What is La Nina?
5. When you have 3 different temperatures of water – cold water, room temperature water, and hot water – what would happen to each of these when they are combined? Make sure to explain WHY this happens.
6. What causes surface currents?(1 cause)
7. What caused deep ocean currents?(2 causes)
8. A current is a mass of moving water. Fill out the cause-and-effect chart below by using the words “Deep Ocean Currents or Surface Currents” in the “Effects” column. CAUSE EFFECT 1. Differences in salinity 2. Differences in temperature (uneven heating)
3. Winds
9. Where is the salinity of the ocean water lowest? Why?
10. Where is the salinity of ocean water highest? Why? 11. Where is the temperature of the water the coldest? Why?
12. Where is the temperature of the water the warmest? Why?
13. What are the two causes of the density-driven currents?
14. What happens to the water that moves from the equator to the polar region (once it gets to the poles)? Why does this happen?
15. What is an ocean gyre?
16. How many ocean gyres are there?
17. In the Northern Hemisphere, which way do the gyres rotate?
18. In the Southern Hemisphere, which way do the gyres rotate?
19. What causes the gyres to rotate?
20.What are some characteristics of eastern boundary currents? 21. What are some characteristics of western boundary currents?
22.Warm ocean currents are always traveling FROM the ______and tend to be found on the ______coast of continents.
23.Cool ocean currents are always traveling FROM the ______and tend to be found on the ______coast of continents.
24.On the map below, highlight the North Pacific Ocean gyre.
List the names of the 4 currents that make up this ocean gyre. 1. 2. 3. 4.
25. Which current is the warm water boundary current? How do you know (not just the color on the map)?
26. Which current is the cold water boundary current? How do you know (not just the color on the map)? 27.On the map below, highlight the South Atlantic Ocean gyre.
List the names of the 4 currents that make up this ocean gyre. 1. 2. 3. 4.
28.Which current is the warm water boundary current? How do you know (not just the color on the map)?
29.Which current is the cold water boundary current? How do you know (not just the color on the map)?
30. As air is heated, where does it go?
31. What do we know about the pressure that must exist in order for the air to rise? 32. What are the horse latitudes? (make sure to include the pressure and their location)
33.What are the doldrums? (make sure to include the pressure and location)
34.As air moves away from the equator towards 30N and 30S, what happens to the air when it gets there? WHY?
35.What are the jet streams?
36.Illustrate the movement of the jet stream.
37.What direction does the jet stream flow?
38.The ______travel from the horse latitudes to the doldrums along the surface of the earth and curve from ______to ______.
39.The ______travel from 30 to 60 along the surface of the earth and curve from ______to ______.
40.The ______travel from 60 to 90 along the surface of the earth and curve from ______to ______. 41. The ______cell is the name of the convection cell that is located between the equator and 30.
42.The ______cell is the name of the convection cell that is located between 30 and 60.
43.The ______cell is the name of the convection cell that is located between 60 and 90.
44.Why does air move from 30 towards the equator and towards 60?
45.Why is it not windy at the doldrums and horse latitudes?
46.Which of the Global Wind Belts is responsible for most of the weather patterns across the United States?
47. What is specific heat?
48.Which takes longer to heat up, land or water? WHY?
49.Which takes longer to cool down, land or water? WHY? 50.On the picture below, draw a land breeze. Make sure to include arrows showing the direction of the air movement and include the pressures and general temperatures.
51. On the picture below, draw a sea breeze. Make sure to include arrows showing the direction of the air movement and include the pressures and general temperatures. 52.On the globe below, draw and label the Hadley Cells in both hemispheres.
53.On the globe below, draw and label the Ferrel Cells? 54.On the globe below, draw and label the Polar Cells?
55.On the globe below, draw and label the three different wind belts in all the locations that they are found. Also label the horse latitudes, the doldrums, the latitude lines, and the pressures.