World History Ch 11: French Revolution and Napoleon STUDY GUIDE

World History Ch 11: French Revolution and Napoleon STUDY GUIDE Some causes of the French Revolution First Estate Church/ clergy…owned lots of land and didn’t pay taxes Second Estate Nobles…owned more 25% of land, didn’t pay taxes, served as political and military leaders Third Estate social commoners Bourgeoisie merchants, bankers, industrialists, professionals Taille France’s chief tax, mostly paid by the Third Estate Relics of Fuedalism aristocratic privileges including not having to pay taille Financial Crisis caused by wars and overspending by the King- left France broke and needing more taxes Poor harvests in 1787 and 1788, drought and disease resulted in no food…hurt the poor the most

Estates- General French parliament under Louis XVI Tennis Court Oath When the 3rd Estate was banned from the Estates General meeting, they met at a tennis court, renamed themselves the National Assembly and made a vow to continue to meet until they had produced a French constitution Louis XVI King of France during the Revolution…he accepted what the National Assembly decreed (said) only because thousands of armed Parisian women went to the palace and captured him and his family.

The Bastille Paris armory and prison that was taken by peasants on July 14, 1789 (Revolution begins)

Legislative Assembly lawmaking body established by the Constitution of 1791 Olympe de Gouges demanded equal political rights for women from the new French National Assembly Paris Commune radical political group made up of the sans-culottes Jacobin Club large network of political groups throughout France Robespierre head of the Committee for Public Safety….he was in charge during the Reign of Terror when people were being executed all over France for being “enemies of the republic”…many people were actually innocent…Robespierre goes to far and will be executed himself

Coup d’ état a sudden overthrow of the government…Napoleon did this and set up the Directory Napoleonic Code preserved most of the rights of the people gained by the Revolution…the most important of the seven codes was the Civil Code Nationalism a sense of belonging that unites people…this idea along with Britain’s ability to resists Napoleon’s forces helped lead to his downfall Moscow Napoleon tried to take over Russia as well but a turn in the weather forced a general retreat…most of his army starved as winter hit during this retreat…this also helps lead to his downfall Elaba island off the coast of Tuscany, where Napoleon was first exiled Waterloo site of Napoleon’s final defeat by the Duke of Wellington St. Helena island where Napoleon will be finally exiled and kept

Sans-culottes “without breeches,” members of the Paris Commune

Essay:

What were the main points of the Declaration of the Rights of Man? How was nationalism important in the defeat of Napoleon’s empire?