Cell Structure and Function Notes

CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION NOTES

A. Cell Theory 1. All living things______2. Cells are the ______. 3. Cells are produced ______B. All Living things have cells a. Unicellular ______b. Multicellular ______C. Types of Cells a. Prokaryote: ______i. Always ______ii. Lacks ______iii. Few ______iv. Bacteria are the only group of organisms that are prokaryote. b. Eukaryote: ______i. Are unicellular or Multicellular. ii. Has many ______iii. Has specialized ______Ex. ______iv. All other living things. Ex. ______D. Cell Organelles a. “Little” organs with specific jobs in the cell. b. In the following table is a sample analogy for the cell: The Cell is Like a Cell Phone Factory E. The Differences (at the end of ppt) a. Animal Shape ______Organelles: a. ______b. ______b. Plant Shape ______Organelles: a. ______b. ______c. ______Organelle Organelle Function Organelle Facts Sample Analogy Organelle (Plant/Animal/Both) Image

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

Chromatin

Ribosome

Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth/ Rough

Organelle Organelle Function Organelle Facts Sample Analogy Organelle (Plant/Animal/Both) Image Golgi Apparatus

Mitochondria

Lysosomes

Centriole

Chloroplasts

Cell wall

Central Vacuole or Vacuoles

CELL ENERGY NOTES: PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION • All nutrients must be broken down to ______• Breakdown of nutrients to glucose occurs by ______.

Make glucose Get glucose from through food Photosynthesis

Release energy from glucose through cellular respiration and ATP Production

Photosynthesis: WHERE: ______WHO: ______WHY: ______WHEN: ______

Two Reactions happen in photosynthesis: Light Dependent Rx: 1. Light is absorbed by ______2. Light splits water into ______3. Energy from this split is used to make______

Dark Reactions- Calvin Cycle

Steps 1. Energy from ATP used to make ______from ______2. Oxygen is ______

Photosynthesis Equation:

______+ ______+ ______→ ______+ ______

Cellular Respiration: WHERE: ______WHO: ______WHY: ______

The Equation: ______+ ______→ ______+ ______+ ______carbon dioxide & water are “leftovers”

Two Types of Cellular Respiration: Aerobic • • •

Anaerobic “ Fermentation” • • • – (ok for small things) •

It’s a 3 STEP PROCESS Why:______! • Glycolysis: Happens in the ______to break down ______– All living things do ______• Krebs Cycle: In the______, makes ______(not efficient) • Electron Transport: In the mitochondria, makes ______of ATP

ATP- Adenosine Triphosphate

The Big Picture: • All nutrients must be broken down to ______• ______must be converted to ______

ANALOGY:

• The main ______molecule used by organisms • Energy is Stored in the ______– ______a bond ______energy • ATP→ADP – ______a bond ______energy • ADP→ ATP

Cellular Energy in the form of ATP gets used to drive cell processes

EX: Cell Division Cell Transport

CELL TRANSPORT NOTES Several items make Cell Transport possible 1. The ______2. A ______3. Selective Permeability 4. Membrane Bound ______Selective Permeability:  A property of biological membranes that allows ______substances to cross the ______more easily than others. Concentration Gradient:  The ______in the amount of solution on each side of a ______. The Phospholipid  Head:  Tail: i. Hydro: Water ii. Philia: Love iii. Phobia: Hates  Heads ______, Tails ______...the membrane forms a ______Types of Cellular Transport Passive Transport • No ATP – Diffusion Active Transport

– Facilitated • Needs Carrier Proteins Diffusion • Requires ATP • Need Channel • Endocytosis Proteins • Exocytosis I. Passive Transport a. Diffusion: The tendency of a substance to move from an area of ______to an area of ______across a ______in which the cell expends ______. b. Facilitated Diffusion: The process of transporting ______by ______during ______requires ______output.  Needs: II. Active Transport  Needs: Transport of molecules ______a ______(from ______to ______) using ______in the cell membrane and ______from ______. a. Exocytosis: The release of materials ______Ex______. b. Endocytosis: The taking of materials ______Ex______. How does that look in a cell? A. B.

Cell Size and Diffusion  Cells must remain ______to ______diffusion.  The ______a cells volume becomes the ______efficient it becomes. a. Prokaryotes – b. Animal Cells (Eukaryotic) –  Surface Area of cells must be ______larger than its size (______). Solutions and Cells o Solvent: o Solute: o Solution: . Simple Rule: Salt Sucks!  When salt is ______or ______the cell, it ______water in its direction.  All solutions want to be ______on ______sides of the ______, for ______.  Substances ______in solution have special vocabulary to describe them.  Hypertonic: o The conc. of solute ______the cell is ______than the conc. ______. o The solution ______is ______. o ______of the cell until ______is reached. . The cell will ______and ______mass.  Hypotonic: o The conc. of solute ______the cell is ______than the conc. ______. o The solution ______is ______. o ______in the cell until ______is reached. . The cell will ______and ______mass  Isotonic: . The conc. of solute ______and ______are ______. . The solution ______. . Water diffuses ______and ______at ______rates.  ______net change in ______or ______.

Hypertonic Hypotonic Isotonic

H O 2 H O CHO 2 CHO CHO H2O H2O H2O H2O H2O CHO H2O CHO CHO CHO H2O H2O H2O H2O H2O H2O H2O H2O H2O CHO CHO H2O H2O CHO CHO CHO H2O H2O H2O H2O H2O CHO H O 2 H O H O H O 2 2 H O CHO 2 2

•Water moves out •Water moves in •Water moves in and out •Cell Shrinks •Cell Swells •Cell Size remains same

Why doesn’t the Glucose (CHO) move into the cell?