Animal Notes Study Guide

Name______Per______Animal Notes Study Guide use pages 1-7 of your notes 1. Characteristics of all animals include: ______

2. The most primitive and simplest of all animals are ______. They do not have a body plan; this is called ______.

3. The other types of symmetry are ______symmetry like cnidarians and ______symmetry, like mammals.

4. Digestion can occur intracellularly and extracellularly. Sponges have intracellular digestion. Extracellular digestion involves either gastrovascular cavities, incomplete digestive systems or complete digestive systems. What is the difference between incomplete and complete digestive systems? incomplete - ______complete - ______

5. In respiration, the main gases that are exchanged are ______and ______.

6. What is the difference between open and closed circulatory systems? open - ______closed - ______

7. The three types of skeletons are ______, ______, and ______.

8. An animal that can produce both eggs and sperm is called a ______.

9. What is the difference between internal and external fertilization? internal - ______external - ______

10. An action or series of actions performed in response to a stimulus is a ______.

11. Instinctual behavior is known as ______behavior; whereas the development of behaviors through experience is known as ______.

12. What is imprinting? ______. Symmetry

Read the following information about symmetry and do the practice below.

All animals except sponges (Porifera) have symmetry. Sponges are described as asymmetrical (no symmetry). All other animals are either radially or bilaterally symmetrical. This is the first major division of the animal kingdom. Radial symmetry means that the animal has a top and bottom (more correctly called the oral – mouth – and aboral – away from the mouth), but no head or rear and no left or right. It can be cut through its middle like a pie or a pizza. Bilateral symmetry means that the animal has a dorsal and ventral surface, an anterior and posterior end, as well as “matching” left and right sides. They can be cut only one time down the middle to get matching left and right sides.

Practice—Draw the line(s) of symmetry through the picture AND write on the line whether it is asymmetry, radial, or bilateral.

1. Butterfly 2. Sponge 3. Spider

4. Starfish 5. Human 6. Cat Invertebrate Animal Notes Study Guide use pages 8-10 of your notes

13. An invertebrate is an animal without a ______.

14. Kingdom Animalia is divided into eight invertebrate ______.

15. Phyla Porifera includes ______. They are considered the simplest of all animals since they do not have true ______.

16. Phylum Cnidaria includes ______, sea ______, and coral. They have ______symmetry since they can be divided with multiple lines of symmetry through a midpoint. They have special stinging barbs called ______.

17. Phylum Platyhelminthes include ______such as tapeworms, planaria, and flukes. They have ______symmetry meaning they can be split down the midline into two equal halves. These worms have a two-way digestive tract meaning the mouth also serves as the ______.

18. Phylum Nematoda include the roundworms such as hookworms and ______. They are the first to develop a ______digestive system with a separate mouth and anus.

19. Phylum ______includes snails, slugs, clams, oysters, squid and ______. They are the first to have cephalization and the first to have an ______circulatory system.

20. Phylum Annelida includes ______, leeches, and marine worms. This is the first animal phyla to have ______where parts are separated by septa.

21. Phylum Arthropoda includes millipedes, centipeded, ______, ______, and ______. These animals have ______bodies, ______appendages, and an exoskeleton of ______which is the same polysaccharide found in the cell walls of organisms in Kingdom ______.

22. Phylum ______includes starfish, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers. These animals are found in ______. They have a hard, bumpy, spiny ______; however it feels like an exoskeleton since the ossicles stick out of the skin. Their main system for movement and circulation is called a ______vascular system. Vertebrate Animal Notes Study Guide use pages 11-14 of your notes

23. All vertebrate animals are in Domain ______, Kingdom Animalia, Phylum ______, and Subphylum Vertebrata. We will learn the 7 different Classes of vertebrate animals.

24. All vertebrates have an ______skeleton with a ______for support and muscle attachment. All vertebrates have a distinct skull and cephalization, ______symmetry, 2 pairs of jointed appendages, a coelom (fluid filled body cavity), a ______circulatory system and a chambered ______.

25. Fish have a ______chambered heart. Amphibians have a ______chambered heart. Reptiles have either 3 or ______chambered hearts. Birds have ______chambered hearts. Mammals have ______chambered hearts.

26. Class Agnatha includes hagfish and lampreys. These fish do not have ______or ______.

27. Class Chondrichthyes includes ______and rays. Their skeleton is made of ______. They have paired ______and jaws.

28. Class Osteichthyes are our bony fish since their endoskeleton is made of ______. These fish include tuna, bass, trout, clownfish, eels, guppies, etc.

29. What is the difference between ectotherms and endotherms? ectotherm- ______endotherm- ______

30. Class ______includes frogs, toads, salamanders, and newts. They need ______for breeding. They can exchange gases (breathe) through their moist ______and their ______(and lungs).

31. Class Reptilia includes turtles & tortoises, ______, lizards, and crocodiles/alligators. The Crocodilians are different from other reptiles in that they have a ______chambered heart whereas the other reptile hearts have only 3 chambers.

32. Class ______includes birds. Birds have many modifications which allows them to ______.

33. Class Mammalia includes humans, bears, cats, whales, elephants, etc. All mammals have ______that aids in insulation and ______that produce milk to feed offspring.