Soil and Environmental Chemistry - P&S 455

Soil and Aquatic Chemistry LRES 555 Spring 2007

Professor: Dr. Bill Inskeep Office Hours:11:00 a.m. - 12 noon TuTh and by appointment, 805 LJH Communication: ph 994-5077, [email protected] Text: Sparks, D.L. 2003. Environmental Soil Chemistry. 2nd Ed. Academic Press Stumm, W. and J.J. Morgan. 1996. 3rd ed. Aquatic Chemistry. Wiley

Course Objectives:

1. Develop an understanding of the fundamental chemical processes that control material cycles within and among the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere.

2. Build a foundation of chemical principles for understanding the behavior of chemical constituents in soil and water systems.

3. Gain experience in applying these principles to biogeochemical cycling, environmental problems, and land management issues.

Recitation Objectives:

1. Gain an appreciation for routine and advanced quantitative analysis of soils, geomaterials and natural waters.

2. Develop experience in chemical equilibria to understand problems in bioremediation ience in geochemical processes such as solubility, speciation, and fate and transport.

3. Utilize case study assignments to understand chemical principles and processes important in current global, national and or regional issues.

Grading:

Quizzes-Mix 100 pts. Final Exam 100 pts. Problem Sets 100 pts. Recitation Assignments 200 pts. Group Project/Abstracts 50 pts.

TOTAL 550 pts

Notes: No make-ups on exams, unless there is an emergency. Problem sets and laboratory reports are expected on time. Late assignments will not be accepted. Normally, the grades will correspond to: 90-100 = A, 80-89 = B, 70-79 = C, 55-69 = D, <55 = F.

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SYLLABUS Soil and Aquatic Chemistry LRES 555 Spring 2007

DATE TOPICS REFERENCE 1 1/18 Introduction: Linkages among chemical processes, landscape SPKS-1, E-1 processes, biogeochemical cycling and environmental fate. SM-1 Composition and Structure of Important Solid Phases in Soils and Natural Waters

1. Inorganic SPKS-2, E-2, A. Ionic Solids SM-9 1/23-2/1; B. Primary silicates: Weathering Reactions (~4 lectures) C. Layer silicates: Structure and Function D. Secondary minerals: Carbonates, Sulfides, Oxides E. Mineral Weathering Reactions: Mineral Dissolution/Precipitation E-3 Links to pedogenesis, watershed processes, acidification, water E-10.3 quality. 2. Organic A. Survey of Important Classes of Organic Compds. 2/6-2/8; B. Fractionation of Soil Organic Matter: Humics SPKS-3, E-4, (~2 lectures) C. Important Functional Groups, OM Structure, Reactivity SM-3.10, 15.12, D. Characterization of Solid Phase OM Chemical Equilibria

1. Basic Principles A. Thermodynamics and Spontaneous Change 2/13-2/20; B. Chemical Potentials/ Free Energies/ Energetics SPKS-7, E-5, (~3 lectures) C. The Equilibrium Constant/ Henry’s Law SM-2, LD-2 D. Chemical Kinetics: A different paradigm 3. 4. 2. Aqueous Chemistry A. A. The solvent H2O: Oceans, rivers, lakes and soil pore waters SPKS-4, E-5, 2/22-3/8; B. B. Ion-water interactions: Ionic Strength/Activity Coefficients SM-2, SM-6, (~4 lectures)A. C. Ion-ion interactions: Complexation LD-2 B. D. Mass balance expressions C. E. Gas-Water Equilibria: Henry’s Law D. F. Geochemical Speciation E. F. Kinetics: Diffusion control SPKS-4, E-6 SM-4, SM-7 3. Solid Phase Equilibria in Natural Water Systems 3/20-3/29; A. The solubility product constant/ion activity products (~4 lectures) B. Solubility Diagrams C. Examples using carbonates and hydroxides D. Geochemical Modeling E. Kinetics: Nucleation, Crystal Growth, Surface Poisoning F. Case Studies in Metal Reclamation, Weathering E-9 SM-8, 11 4. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions: SPKS-8 A. Linkages to the C cycle 4/3-4/10; B. pe as a master variable/Pt electrodes (~3 lectures) C. Bioenergetics and Biogeochemical Cycles. D. Wetland Treatment Systems.

SYLLABUS.555 Page 3 of 4 DATE TOPICS REFERENCE 1 Processes Occurring at the Solid/Solution Interface: Principles and Case Study Applications SPKS-3, T-11, E-7.3.2 3. Hydrophobic Partitioning 4/12 -4/19; A. Water solubilities of NOCs SM-9.7, 9.9 (~3 lectures) B. Octanol-water and SOM-water partition coefficients SGI- 5, 7, 11 C. Kinetics and Bioavailability of NOCs: Surfactants and Handouts Cosolvents D. Case Studies in Bioremediation, Fate and Transport

4/24- 4/26 2. Surface Complexation E-7 (~2 lectures) A.. Sorption of metals SM-9 B. Sorption of anions SPKS-5 C. Case Studies in trace element fate and transport.

3. Ion Exchange 5/1-5/3 A. Cation Exchange Reactions SPKS-6, (~2 lectures) B. Case Study: Coal Bed Methane (Na:Ca exchange) E-8, SM-9

5/x FINAL EXAM: 4:00-5:50 pm

1 SM = Stumm, W. and J.J. Morgan. 1996. Aquatic Chemistry. 3rd Ed. SPKS = Sparks, D.L. 1995. Environmental Soil Chemistry Main Text. DV = Drever, J.I.. 1997. The geochemistry of natural waters. 3rd Ed. Prentice Hall S&J = Snoeyink, V.L. and D.Jenkins. 1980. Water chemistry. (a classic) LD = Lindsay, W.L. 1979. Chemical Equilibria in Soils. John Wiley (a classic of sorts) T = Thurman, E.M. 1985. Organic geochemistry of natural waters. Martinus Nijhoff SGI = Schwarzenbach, R., P. Gschwend and D.M. Imboden. 1993. Environmental Organic Chemistry. Wiley (newer edition is available as well)

All Additional Texts are on Reserve at the main library help desk.

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Recitation Schedule

DATE TOPIC Project Due

Jan. 25 Introduction to Chemical Analysis of Soils and Waters Aqueous Phase Extraction/Sample Preparation for X-ray Feb. 1 1 Diffraction/Total Dissolution Feb. 8 X-ray diffraction (XRD) at ICAL 1 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) at ICAL Feb. 15 1 Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-rays (EDAX) at ICAL Data Interpretation Feb. 22 1 March 8

Mar. 1 Analysis of Aqueous Phases: Atomic Absorption 2 Spectroscopy, UV-VIS, Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy, Ion Chromatography

Mar. 8 Complex Formation and Solid Phase Equilibria 2

Mar. 15 SPRING BREAK 2

Mar. 22 Geochemical Modeling April 5 Mar. 29 Independent Group Work on Geochemical Modeling 2

Apr. 5 Sorption and Transport 3

Apr. 12 Sorption and Transport 3

Apr. 19 Sorption and Transport 3 May 3

Apr. 26 Presentations

May 3 Presentations

Recitation Reports:

There will be three recitation reports and a group project worth a total of 250 points. Late laboratory reports will not be accepted. Format and content expectations will vary for each exercise and will be discussed separately.

SYLLABUS.555