Special Libraries, December 1969

San Jose State University SJSU ScholarWorks

Special Libraries, 1969 Special Libraries, 1960s

12-1-1969

Special Libraries Association

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Editorial

Picture Retrieval by Concept Coordination Stanley Rice

Evaluation of an Industrial Library Kenyon C. Rosenberg

Analysis and Revision of Subject Headings Ellis Mount for Applied Science and Technology Index Richard Kollin

Public Relations for a "Special" Public Josephine Raburn

The Printing Industry C. C. Cuitino

"Cuttering" the Corporate Entry Grace Levy

Simple Reserve System Roger P. Bristol

SLA News

Chapters & Divisions 66 1 Members in the News

Special Membership Meeting 66 1 In Memoriam

A Dictionary Weekend 663

Vistas

Have You Heard 667 Information Hang-ups

Coming Events 67 1 Pubs

A Fatal Injury in a Compact Stack Installation 671

Placement 679 Index to Advertisers Annual Index 683

Instructions for Contributors 695 Errata

Editor: F. E. MCKENNA Pablications Assistant: FRANCIS J. RUTH Special Libraries Committee Chairman: ANDREWV. IPPOLITO, Newsday MARY KLANIAN,Advanced Systems Development Division, IBM MRS.ANNE J. RICHTER,R. R. BOwker Company Specral Lzbraries is published by Special Libraries Association, 235 Park Avenue South, New York, N. Y. 10003. O 1969 by Special Libraries Associat~on Ten issues per year: monthly except double issues for May/ Jun and Jul/Aug. Annual index in December issue. Second class postage paid at Brattleboro, Vermont 05301. POSTMASTER:Send Form 3579 to Special Li- braries Association, 235 Park Avenue South, New York, N. Y. 10003. Special Libraries Association 1 9691 1 970

President Directors (1967/70) ROBERTW. GIBSON, JR. MRS. GLORIAM. EVANS General Motors Corporation Parke, Davis & Company Research Laboratories Library Production and Engineering Library 12 Mile & Mound Roads Detroit, Michigan 48232 Warren, Michigan 48090 EFRENW. GONULEZ President-Elect (Secretary of the Board) FLORINEOLTMAN Uristol-Myers Products Air University Library Scientific Division Maxwell Air Force Base 13 50 Liberty Avenue Alabama 36112 Hillside, New Jersey 07207 Advisory Council Chairman HELENJ. WALDRON Directors (1968/7 1) The RAND Corporation ROSEMARYR. DEMAREST 1700 Main Street Price Waterhouse & Co. Santa Monica, California 90406 60 Broad Street New York 10004 Advisory Council Chairman-Elect KEITH G. BLAIR BURTONE. LAMKIN General Dynamics National Agricultural Library Convair Division Library Beltsville Post Office Box 12009 Maryland 20705 San Diego, California 921 12 Treasurer (1967/70) Directors (1969/72) JEANDEUSS EDYTHEMOORE Federal Reserve Bank of New York The Aerospace Corporation Federal Reserve P.O. Station Charles C. Lauritsen Library (A4/108) New York 10045 Post Office Box 95085 Los Angeles, California 90045 Past President HERBERTS. WHITE LOYDR. RATHBUN Leasco Systems and Research Corp. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 4833 Rugby Avenue Lincoln Laboratory Library Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Lexington, Massachusetts 02173 Executive Director GEORGEH. GINADER Special Libraries Association 235 Park Avenue South New York 10003

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The CISllndex acts as a complete cataloging system. All documents are annotated, abstracted, and extensively cross-referenced. The main index offers access to all data according to: subject discussed affiliation of witness or author name of hearing witness name of subcommittee name of author (corporate or individual) popular name of law, report, bill, etc. Additional indexes offer cross-references to bill number, public law number, report number and document number. There is also an index to the names of committee and subcommittee chairmen. In addition - a complete microcopy service. Many Congressional publications are produced in such small editions that even with prompt notice of their existence they cannot be obtained. CIS/Index microfilms all the documents it reports on and offers subscribers fiche or "hard" photocopies of any or all at economical prices. If desired, the service can provide automatic shipment of all materials issued by a particular subcommittee or group of committees. Prompt service is also offered for copies of individual documents on a demand basis. A convenient format. The page size of the CIS/Index is 8% x 11. Monthly issues are hole-punched for convenient storage and use, and a sturdy set of binders has been designed to hold a year's issues. Each year the service cumulates both the abstracts and the indexes in two clothbound volumes. These permanent editions, ordinarily priced at $160 the set, are offered to subscribers at $80:

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Note: The first issue of CIS/Index, covering documents issued between January 1-31, will appear in February 1970. Because we are eager to establish our basic list of subscribers before then, we are offering heavy duty binders (specially designed for repeated reference handling of the monthly issues; to be priced at $18 the set) free to those Who enter subscriptions before the end of the current year. Please write promptly to take advantage of this offer. BRITISH TECHNOLOGY INDEX

Current subject index to British technical articles on ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING and CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY

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Monthly Annual

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/ AUTOBIOGRAPHIES searches for out-of-print books What Do You Want? that have been learned from corporations and government agencies alike, are also applicable to membership associations. Members like ROSION of good will between all men employees react to unfavorable conditions. E dominates all reports of our news media. Associations that stifle individuality in their Strife in all of man'~communitiesis the rule members also decrease their own organiza- of the day. The simple antagonisms of yester- tional capacity for change. Members who dav between the cities and the suburbs or be- feel like unnecessary cogs in a machine will tween the working middle class and the wel- behave like unnecessary cogs; they will resist fare recipients are polarized. The generation ideas evolved by others. gaps, the black communities and white com- An association must have an effective pro- munities, civil libertarians and proponents of gram to recruit and develop new members. rigid law-and-order, hawks and doves-each There must be a steady flow of highly moti- seems inelastically polarized. vated persons. Such persons are always in The rarity of tr;e harmony is further em- short supply. If we want our share of the phasized by tensions between French and short supply, we must go out and get it-and English speaking communities in- Canada, we must have rules that are both fluid and between CathoIic and Protestant communities responsive to changing external conditions. in Northern Ireland, between dominant and There is a trend to invent new labels for minority groups in Nigeria, and between both people and things so that some nebulous Israel and the Arab nations-among others. "they" will appreciate us more if we have Such strong yeasts create ferment not only different titles. Only a few years ago, docu- in our individual thoughts; they also influ- mentalists and information specialists were anathema in some parts of SLA. Now that ence our business affairs and our I~rofessional aspirations. Are we smart enough to separate these species have renamed themselves as in- constructive ferments from those strains of formation scientists, some segments of SLA wild yeasts that exploded the bottles of our are rushing into the waters of the true bap- parents' home brew during the Prohibition tism to wash away even the word "library" Era-40 years before the psychedelic joys of from the name of the Association. Are these 1969 were so easilv available? the things that you want? Or are you just Complaints appear in the bulletins of our dissatisfied with your inadequate responses Chapters and Divisions that the "Association" to external conditions ? is unresponsive, that the Board of Directors "Is there any trend to social awareness in doesn't do something, or else that it does the SLA?" This question was addressed to an wrong thing, You elected the Board. The Ad- SLA representative during a press conference visory Council is ineffective or dead. You some months ago. The answer was that in elec~edyour Chapter's and Division's repre- SLA there was less need for direct involve- sentatives on the Council. Chapter programs ment than by members of the generalist li- are great, but Division programs at Confer- brary associations. ences are weak. Division programs are great, Are we too securely comfortable because but local Chapter programs are pitiful. You so many of our special libraries are deeply are the Chapters. You are the Divisions. You embedded within corporations or government are the Council and the Board. agencies that we have forgotten that the ulti- SLA has a proud heritage of accomplish- mate clients of all special libraries are all ments. Sixty years ago, the Association was men? As we declaim our professional roles, born as the full-sprung inheritor of inno- do we forget that our responsibilities lie vators. Readers of This Journal, who have a much nearer to the decision-making levels of sense of history, will have found that at inter- business and government than do any of the vals of about 20 years identity crises have generalist libraries ? confronted the Association. These identity Can we afford the continued leisure time of crises were often related to a slow response annual parliamentary games to maintain our to external events. When balanced response own apartheid through seIf-proclaimed pro- was restored, SLA again moved forward. fessionalism? Or can we focus our energies Rules to prevent organizational dry rot, on the real problems of the 70's? FEMcK Moon flight Invasion First heart Robert F. Kennedy Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. transplants assassination assassination Czechoslovakia Vietnam war Presidential \ Of\ Olympicresults and Paris cam~aian

If it's not in this volume. maybe it didn't happen in 1968.

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Picture Retrieval by Concept Coordination

A Self-Interpreting Model File

Stanley Rice

Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc., New York 10017

A humanities oriented picture filing sys- other more sophisticated systems. tem is described by which picture search may Within the limits of given collections the be conducted by coordinating the concepts effectiveness of the system could be carefully represented in the search request-by serial tested, but a general test is not possible be- use of generalized schedules and logical set cause the total information content of a gen- operations. The concepts (feature descrip- eral collection cannot be measured. A proto- tors) that are the basis of the model system type version of this model was set up at approximate a minimum descriptive vocabu- Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc., under the lary for the humanities, especially the fine direction of the author, to index pictures for arts. A simple edge punched card model is a series of humanities texts. Statistical analy- given as an example. This can be adapted to sis of the prototype was not attempted.

HERE are no good dictionaries of the tors, and others who wish to write or speak Tvisual language, no neatly organized par- (and have images to supplement their words) cels of visual concepts like books of verbal would like to be able to find pictures in their concepts-with indexing by contents, glos- area of concern. They need to interrogate saries, descriptive titles, classification schemes, picture files, and to direct questions of preci- heading schemes, catalogs, bibliographies, sion and complexity to collections to which and all the apparatus that constitutes the tra- they may have access. This interrogation is ditional filing and retrieval apparatus of not now possible, and it is to this problem verbal collections. that we address ourselves here. Pictures are, on the surface, comparatively simple; but so far it has been difficult to Frustration! classify them by any system that allows for general or complex file interrogation. Usu- As picture researchers we may be frus- ally pictures have been filed by job numbers, trated occasionally by pictures that are known or by the name of the photographer or artist, to exist, but that have been misplaced or mis- or by job titles, or by an alphabetical ac- indexed with different concepts in mind. But cumulation of subject headings. ue are far more often frustrated by know- Most frequently pictures are used in ways ing tubat we want but not knowing how to that are complementary to words-with a search for it. Very often too, we know only speech or in one form of publication or an- more o~ less what we want, and we need to other. Consequently, teachers, authors, edi- have our vision clarified by actualities and DECEMBER1969 practicalities. remember that sorting and listing procedures If we do not have a job number or an art- of many kinds are available, both in tab ist's name or a photographer's name, we are card form (with or without a reproduced usually reduced to using whatever heading image) and on tapes or discs. But the real schemes and file folder names have taken problems are those of system structure, sub- root in the picture collections that we query. ject analysis, input coding, and file updating; These schemes generally follow the tradi- these problems do not change appreciably tional schemes for verbal subject heading in- regardless of the eventual methods of sorting dexing-if they follow anything at all. Most and listing. of them are arranged alphabetically by sub- Let us think in terms of a few thousand ject; and any guide or thesaurus-dictionary valuable pictures that we wish to coordinate is rudimentary if extant. conceptually for serious interrogation. We Some larger collections use two or three shall want to ask the file some really dis- Dewey classification numbers in combination criminating and hard questions, not just: with assigned subject headings; but most "Do you have a picture of the Lzlsitania?" picture classification schedules are simply of or "a picture of Ulysses S. Grant ?" the grow-it-yourself variety. Such files acquire Let us consider a typical "hard" question. folders for whatever may happen along, and Let us ask a picture librarian: such schedules become highly ideosyncratic "May I please see your 15th century and very quickly. The chief saving grace is that 18th century Italian and French and your if the librarian has a long tenure, he will late 20th century American paintings and learn to locate the items that are most in de- drawings that show the spirit of revolt mand. Then the folders will acquire names in society as opposed to political acquies- important to the local demand. Such files cence? We want these pictures in order to tend to be dormant except for the simple and compare the art with the literary and philo- repetitious demands. Duplicated use of the sophical writings of those periods and places. same pictures by many publications is by no We want only color subjects. We also want to show poor people as well as rich; and means attributable only to the excellence or we don't want all the virtue on the side of uniqueness of the pictures. Ideosyncratic files revolt or all the passivity on the side of the cannot be interrogated; they can only be conservatives." browsed. Browsing is valuable but so is interrogation. If the file being interrogated contains any real quantity of paintings and drawings of the countries and time periods in question, Concept Coordination such a request is within the possible useful The concept coordinated system of record scope of the file. As with any file, of course, filing and retrieval has apparently been a fully specific question may produce a dis- applied to picture retrieval only in a few so- appointment (an empty set) ; but this dis- phisticated, mechanized and scientifically ori- appointment is also useful information. Other ented collections. Sophisticated and mecha- files may be more useful; but most questions nized indexing systems are clearly not the can be generalized intelligently with in- answer for very many picture collections ; yet creased chances for favorable findings. so far they appear to be the only use of con- If the file is a concept coordinated file (in cept coordination in picture filing. which "items" are coordinated with their Our purpose here is to discuss concept associated "features" or "characteristics"), we coordination in non-scientific, relatively un- can question it in terms of the features or specialized, small or medium collections, with characteristics or attributes of the items we correspondingly modest budgets. The aim is seek, rather than seeking the items directly by a generalized example, easy to modify for name. We may not know any name for the specific uses or to use in its present form for combination of characteristics we seek, let the humanities or social studies, and espe- alone a name that might have been antici- cially for the fine arts. pated by the collection. What name would We shall attempt to deal here with general we give to the items sought in our "hard" principles and modest applications. We must question ? Fig. 1. Venn Diagram. The universe is the collection of pictures in the file.

We ask a concept coordinated file, serially, with two lists of basic descriptors and with for a series of features, embodied in the a specialized set of descriptors to be assigned items they represent: 1) paintings; 2) Italian on the basis of the type of collection being and French, and 3) 15th and 18th centuries; indexed. The type used as an example here 4) American, and 5) late 20th century; G) will be a general humanities and social stud- people, 7) groups of more than two; 8) pro- ies set, and perhaps especially useful for the testing or in revolt; 9) active or heroic, or fine arts. This is the least explored area in 10) passive or static; 1 I) affluent, or 12) coordinated concept indexing. not affluent; 13) powerful, or 14) not powerful; and 15) conflict related. This is the The File Structure combination of features or attributes we seek. There are a number of ways that this We will need some definitions and clas- search could be carried out and listed, de- sifications. pending upon the particulars of the file and Picture. Any fixed image. its handling system. This example is based U)zivevse of discourse. Entities (con- generally, upon the model described in this sidered only in respect to the main paper. The handling will be described in its picture subject) of which pictured simplest terms. representations exist in file. A picture may be of some assistance in Item. A picture, represented for classi- describing a search for pictures. Through fication purposes by an edge-notched Item 8 above, the relations between the sets card (or other vehicle) in file. of features requested can be pictured in a Fealnve. An attribute or characteristic of Venn diagram (Fig. 1) showing the "inter- the main subject of the picture. sections" of the sets. Vehicle. The edge notched card (in this The strength of the concept coordinated simple model application) with sched- file idea, in appropriate contexts, is difficult ules and other information as listed to appreciate with any exactness. The num- below. ber of separate file folders "created" by a modest concept coordinated file such as will A concrete example may be helpful. Edge be proposed here becomes almost astronomi- notched cards are one possible vehicle whose cal, especially when some of the schedules use is widely understood. The complete classi- are composed of non-mutually exclusive 5cation of a picture (Fig. 2) is shown as a features. typical notched card (Fig. 3). In this case In the details of organization there is a a few words and 20 notches represent: place, considerable variety among concept coordi- famous, complex, man-controlled, relief nated file structures. The descriptive vocabu- print, 1500-1800, fine art original, letter U laries of descriptors may be of fixed length (subject: Utopia), innocent, good, optimis- or "free"; some hierarchy and some sub- tic, social, urban, for approval, mythical, ject divisions may be useful adjuncts to letter G (origin: Germany), and a B artis- break down files into smaller systems, and tic rating. These serve to classify a wood- so forth. In the system suggested here, some cut of More's Utopia (Base1 edition, 1518) elements 06 a hierarchical system are mixed Accession No. 101. Fig. 2. "View of Utopia." Woodcut in the 1578 Basel Edition of Sir Thomas More's "Utopia."

Non-punches (complements) also supply information: artist unknown (or unimpor- tant), more than three main elements, not conflict related (here peaceful), not work related definitely (but not leisure related here either), not realistic, not aggressive, not protesting. Any combination of these concepts will produce this card as evidence that this picture possesses each of these features. Likewise these features possess this embodi- ment, the picture. The example is handwritten copy on the back of a McBee Key- sort Card. This provides a cheap way to test an application for a particular collection. (With computer handling, a language such as PL/1 is very well suited to this task because of its bit and character data operations, instead of features. We cannot do any more md its facility in handling arrays of struc- with this alphabetical file alone than we can tures.) with any other sa-!I file, but it should make The form of the parallel picture file (the many people more comfortable just to know pictures that are symbolically represented by that it is there. Synonyms may also be the cards) need not be specified here. Such a punched. file could be a file of negatives, master prints, miscellaneous clippings, or in fact any col- 3. Dates. These indicate the main subject lection that can be numbered and whose reference, except where date of artistic crea- members can be located again as necessary. tion is known and important, in which case it However, it is essential that the file be is to be used. By appropriate date ranges, for properly maintained and remain inviolate. example: before 1 AD, 1 AD-800, 800- 1500, 1500-1800, 1800-1900, 1900-1939, 1. Subject Classifications. Two Dewey Dec- 1939-1960, and after 1960. imal digits usually (class and division) with third digit optional (section). 4. Clases of Pictwable Entities. These classes are intended to be almost mutually exclusive 2. Names. Common names of main subjects and collectively exhaustive for the universe or artists' last names. If the artist is known of picturable entities : and important, the artist's name should be listed and an additional position punched to Person Process indicate that the name punched is an artist. Thing Place Some photographers can be treated as artists Animal Relationship Plant No definable class if desirable. But for most subjects the names stand for our old friends, the alphabetical Obviously these terms are to be understood subject heads for file folders. We can look in certain broad senses. "Animal" includes for cats under C and Ulysses S. Grant under all live creatures except man. "Thing" in- G. If it is important to do so, we can make cludes substances as well as objects and con- a thesaurus-dictionary to regularize usage for structs. "Process" stands for identifiable com- those who wish to look in this way for items plex progressions and makes one moment Fig. 3. Edge Punched Card to Describe "View of Utopia" (Fig. 2).

stand for the whole time sequence of the in the left column. Each feature is coded if process-as when the subject is "storm" or it is present in the main subject. If it is not "assembly line" or "crop dusting." The proc- present, it is not coded. Thus, if we want ess itself must be the main subject, and more items with the feature "male" we search for important than anything else in the picture. "male." But suppose we want items with the "Relationship" refers to abstract relationships feature "female"? It cannot have been when they are the main subjects (maps, coded; but we can search for "male" and charts, diagrams, etc.). Examples of "no then take all the items that do not respond. definable class" are some abstract painting, Those will be the women-if we have sorted music notation, perhaps news clippings, etc. for the "person" class first. If not, we may also get some female "animals" like vixens, 5. Generic Features. These apply to almost or some "things" associated with females. all classes listed above. Of 84 possibilities The terms in the right column are the (excluding "No definable class") these terms complements of those in the left column. All are in significant degree applicable to 75. that is ?lot included on the left is included The complement of each is at the right. on the right, for each feature. Only the first two terms have simple complements; all the Male Female rest must define themselves. The complement Famous or big Not famous or not big of "work-related" is "not work-related." We Young or new Not young or not new Work-related Not work-related cannot say that its complement is "leisure- Affluent or complex Not affluent or not related" because that would leave too many complex conditions that are in between work and Active or mobile Not active or not mobile leisure unclassified and irretrievable. This Symmetrical Not symmetrical causes something of a lack of discrimination Conflict-related Not conflict-related in the complementary list terms. This lack Man-made or Not man-made or con- could be remedied by defining many more controlled trolled terms (as in the left column). This might Powerful Not powerful be done in a computer application, but it "Close-up" view Not "close-up" view seems more practical to handle it in this 1 or 2 Main elements 3 or more Main ele- in picture ments way in order to simplify classification-and live with the lack of discrimination. Greater These terms are applied to the main subject recall will result, even if less precise and of the picture. In any pair of terms that oc- with less work. This compromise, for this curs in the left column either member of the model application, seems to work well in pair may apply to the subject, but both need practice-especially if the file interrogator not. The terms by which the items are classi- keeps in mind some of the common uses for fied (by the person coding the picture) are the complementary terms. For example: "not work-related" is often "leisure-related" ; "not Spiritual or mythical Not spiritual or not conflict-related" can be "peace-related" ; "not mythical powerful" is sometimes "weak; "not close- Protesting or in revolt Not protesting or not up" view is sometimes "distant" view, etc.- in revolt bz~tnot always, by any means. Only one term of any pair in the left column The true complement of "work-related" need apply. Classification is on the basis of mast be "not work-related2'-a broad con- the left column only. The right column is to cept with a certain lack of discrimination that aid interrogation. (It may be supplemented could include a lunch counter scene (unless by a list of appropriate complement syno- the main subject is the counterman). Is nyms.) The discrimination problem noted climbing a mountain on vacation "work- above for generic feature complements ap- related"? This is a typical question, that plies again here, during interrogation. might be decided in several ways. Descriptive It is important to note that thoughtful scope notes to generic and special feature subjective classification by these specific fea- lists should be elaborated to meet the felt tures is to be encouraged. Much of the com- needs of any particular collection, on the munication payload of pictures occurs over basis of experience: e.g. "Work means re- communication channels that are very diffi- lated to performing a regular job for pay," cult to define. or "Use physical definition of work." Sorting (again usually set intersection) In the generic feature list, note that the can be in any order. Usually this specific sort terms "big," "new," "complex," and "mo- follows the generic sort, but not necessarily. bile" refer chiefly to things-not persons. Many strategies will intuitively suggest them- These generic terms are not at all mutually selves as the most direct route in particular exclusive, and cannot pretend to be collec- cases. (Here hand sorting has the advantage tively exhaustive for classes. Normally they over mechanized or computerized search.) will be sorted after one of the first eight As noted previously, this set of specific classes has been chosen. And the classes will features applies to "people-oriented" pictures have been stored by the classification selected. for the most part. Other sets of features can The sorting (almost always set intersection) be elaborated for other subject areas. When may be carried out in any order and using the subject area has already been carefully any features, either present or absent. The classified, for example biology, such classifi- use of the absent features (set complementa- cations will naturally serve as the basis for a tion) needs to be kept in mind when inter- feature code. rogating the file. 7. Conntries of Origin (of pictzlres). Alpha- 6. Specific Features. The social studies, the betical by name of country-by two letter- arts, literature and history can be generally groups, for example. served by this list. The pure sciences and the technical subjects will need other lists 8. Information about the Picture Repre- of specific features. This list best fits the arts: sented. These items, or a similar list, are Innocent Not innocent coded when they apply to the picture: Loving or good Not loving or good Extroverted Not extroverted Fine art original (painting, drawing, etc.) Optimistic Not optimistic Sculptural original Realistic Not realistic Commercial art original (include maps, dia- Healthy or alive Not healthy or dead grams, etc.) Interacting or social Not interacting or not Photo original-black and white social Color transparency original Urban Not urban Other type of picture (clippings, etc.) Aggressive or hostile Not aggressive or not Permission needed hostile An optional piece of information about Comic or humorous Not comic or not humorous the picture is a subjective artistic rating that Correct or for- Not correct or not for- can be given by the classifier. People who approval approval work with pictures very often like to make Enigmatic Not enigmatic subjective judgments of artistic merit, and 632 sometimes such judgments are helpful even As mentioned before, the complements of though there is little possibility of any objec- the generic and specific lists should be used tive standards. At most, however, this will imaginatively; and when sorting for them it save looking at some of the pictures, or it must be remembered to take the cards that will encourage the inspection of others. do not respond. Care should be exercised to classify items 9. Man-Readable Information to Appear on by the search categories. For example: visual the Face of the Card: representations such as paintings, drawings Accession or list number and photographs almost always represent Title or subject something else, not themselves. They should Artist's or photographer's name be classified by what they represent. Source of reproducible copy An important exception (in this model) Notes (Miscellaneous information) is fine art by well known artists that has been alphabetically filed by artist's name, instead General Suggestions of by subject. Categories for the fine arts As noted before, thoughtful subjective clas- should be dedicated to the representation of sifications are to be encouraged. The pictures paintings, drawings, etc. not to paintings of must be "read" and interpreted intelligently, painters, photos of photographers, and SO on. but not speculated upon wildly. When trans- In this way fine art is recoverable by artist's lating the visual language into words, by name, as is so very often necessary. means of which we can discuss, interrogate, File maintenance is accomplished in two relate, and so on, we must rely in part upon ways: a periodic check can be made on the subjective judgments. This is especially true cmsecutively ordered master pictare file. We in the fine arts where much of the effect and hope, for the sake of retrieval, that this file communication depend upon the viewer's will- can be inviolate. If numbers are missing and ingness to project subjective feelings. In as- the picture must be presumed lost and irre- signing specific features it is conservative to placeable, the corresponding cards are re- err on the side of greater "recall" from the moved from the card file and a list of miss- file rather than greater "precision" in select- ing numbers kept. ing-which means freedom to express sub- The greatest precautions should be taken jective feelings. Unwanted pictures, or those to prevent deterioration and losses from the with the wrong interpretation for the master file. Current usage is so irregular that searcher, are rejected on inspection. even the idea of an inviolate master file may One person should be trained and put in sound strange and unlikely to many picture responsible charge of the use of the file. librarians, but without it there can be no Subject to his rules, however, some experi- standard of maintenance, and no structure ence in classification usually prepares a per- to permit retrieval. The master file must be son to interrogate the file, chiefly because in quite selective, of course; there are oceans of the interrogation of the file one must think pictures in the universe of picturable subjects. of the file categories and make these the For most collections the first question will terms of the search definition. Learning to be what to include, or which part of a large paraphrase general vocabulary questions in collection to classify for retrieval. the file's terms, and learning to evolve search A complete rationale for any set of strategies, are not difficult skills. It is mostly schedules and descriptors for the features of common sense. (For example, in searching the picture could be quite an undertaking. for the specific features it is hardly neces- In trying to embrace, descriptively, whatever sary to sort for "people" first because the can be pictured, a considerable amount of specific features apply almost exclusively to intuition is necessarily operative. Even for people. We could narrow the search by a the humanities-oriented structure described generic feature sort either before or after a here, statistical methods for thesaurus and specific feature sort.) Several alternative descriptor list generation would not apply search strategies are possible for many ideas; because no collection can be assumed to be in fact, this can provide a pleasant and often sufficiently representative of the scope of the surprising form of browsing. system-which is a considerable part of the universe of the picturable. ject for debate. It may be felt that people Within the limits of given collections, the without library training will be unable to effectiveness of the system could be care- operate such a system. A modest trial soon fully tested, but a general test is not possible dispels this feeling, however. Unlike books, because the total information content of the pictures are "all on the surface"; and it is collection cannot be measured. A prototype possible for persons of average intelligence version of this system was set up at Har- to classify them with considerable sublety court, Brace & World, Inc., under the direc- after a short acquaintance with the classification of the author to index pictures for a tion schedules. Of course, the classifications series of humanities texts. Statistical analysis must be done conscientiously or there is no of the prototype was not attempted. true file; but a few minutes per picture is Somewhat theoretically, the descriptors can not excessive for most valuable files or for be thought of as a loose approximation to most classifiers. It is quite unnecessary for Bertrand Russell's "minimum vocabulary"* those using the system to understand the rea- of description, in which every part of a given sons for its structure, or even the nature of body of knowledge can be expressed by filing by concept coordination. But for who- means of words belonging to that "minimum ever does classification, an adequate initial vocabulary," and no word in the vocabulary instruction and continuing spot checking is can be defined in terms of other words in it. essential to maintain the integrity of the file. In regard to the choice of a minimum vocabulary, the visual aspect of the descriptive Mutual Understanding continuum has certain special characteristics that come to our aid. For example, as we The test is whether classifiers and searchers have noted, there are only about seven classes understand each other in practice, and of entities that can be pictured at all, as con- whether the sensitivity and perEinency of the trasted with the many more classes that can day-to-day performance makes the construc- be thought of and written about. tion of the file worthwhile, and at reasonable We simplify further by considering each cost. picture, for classification purposes, only in The system is, in an important respect, relation to its main subject, and this subject fail-safe. For those who wish only to find a chiefly in relation to the aspect actually pic- picture of Ulysses S. Grant or to see some tured. In the case of still pictures, which we Gauguin drawings, and have no use for con- consider here exclusively, time shrinks to a cept coordination, Grant is still under G fraction of a second usually. and so is Gauguin-although Grant will be in the bin for North American history and Gauguin is in the bin for drawings. (Re- Reasonable Compromise member that in this model fine art by artists, As with any concept coordinated file a known and important, is indexed- by the reasonable compromise is sought between artist's name rather than by the subject's adequate recall (getting everything that may name.) Grant can be separated from other be relevant) and precision (not getting too G's in American history by sorting for much irrelevant with the relevant). This "male" and "war related." And where would compromise is always a somewhat generalized Grant be in the typical direct subject heading operation, one that cannot designate the file ? "People-Famous-Dead," perhaps ? In a specific picture. The last stage is, properly, common grave, at that, and with no alpha- visual screening of a reasonable number of betic arrangement in that folder. possibilities. A natural reaction of some researchers to Received for review Oct 28, 1968. Revised a filing system such as this may be that it rnanzlscript accepted Oct 22, 1.969. is too complex, and every detail a likely sub- Mr. Rice is a senior art director at Ha~court, * Russell, Bertrand / Human Knowledge- Brace G World, Inc., N.Y. He is now en- Its Scope and Limits. N.Y., Simon and Schus- gaged in a study of PL/I as a search language ter. p.257. for picture retrieval. Evaluation of an Industrial Library

A Simple-minded Technique

Kenyon C. Rosenberg

Kent State University, School of Library Science, Kent, Ohio 44240

HE necessity for the existence of indus- the need for that information. Here, then, Ttrial special libraries has yet to be proven is where the situation becomes problematic. empirically. Librarians are among the most Placing the library in the "indirect" part of intuitive people in the world. Yet, surpris- the organization (for both administrative ingly, they have had their arguments listened and budgetary purposes) means not only to with only an occasional jaundiced ear that the library does not obviously enhance which perceived that all the judgments and the profit stature of the environment. Such axioms "verifying" the values of their good emplacement also means (and many persons works have been for the most part exercises at management levels quickly and constantly in airy rhetoric or statements of faith. If li- point this out to the library's administration) brarianship is to proceed to full acceptance as a profession by its intimidating brothers (the physical sciences and mathematics strike one as among the loudest deprecators now), The head librarian of the industrial library then it would appear that some firmer bases is constantly kept on his mettle by questions must be constructed for the assessment of from his superiors, such as: "But what would whatever it is that libraries and librarians happen to the organization as a whole if are supposed to do. there were no library?"

The Task With the exception of non-profit organi- that the library's financial support must come zations and firms which are eccentric, every from the profits of the direct functions of industrial environment exists with the essen- the system. Such a position has twofold im- tially sole purpose of increasing its net in- port to most managers: 1) the money that come. Every facet and subgroup of that en- supports the library might better be spent on vironment is charged with the end of assisting improving or expanding the "direct" parts the parent organization to increase its profits of the organization, and 2) the overall indi- either directly (by bringing in new work) or rect support costs of the organization (in- indirectly (by aiding those doing the work cluding those of the library) are of such a being paid for, or by helping the research nature as to be questionable. This is a real which, hopefully, will become the "paid major problem in many competitive organi- work" of the future). zations. The costs of overall administration The special library in such environments (corporate, plant, company, etc.) and main- inevitably falls into the "indirect cost" por- tenance are all considered as parts of the tion of the organization: its primary role is total indirect cost (frequently termed "over- furthering the capability of the "direct cost" head" or "burden"). This cost is almost in- workers by providing needed information evitably added, as a percentage, to the direct either before, or during, the awareness of costs when proposals are prepared to obtain new work. Obviously, those organizations seems that the prevailing rules of the game which can control their indirect cost so as require the head librarian to report to one of to keep it at a rate less than their competitors two types of person. The first is the non-in- (all things else being essentially equal) are in formation-minded administrator whose tech- an enviable position to obtain contracts and nical background is negligible and to whom additional intracorporate support. The li- printed materials are suspect as time wasting brary, therefore, becomes a questionable ex- devices. The second type is the scientist- pense in that it does little that is obviously turned-administrator. Tricks of fate usually productive but it also siphons off money that engender one type reporting to another with is potentially useful for the purchase of new the librarian having to couch his statements equipment or facilities or for salaries for in such a way as to offend neither and yet be new "direct" employees. But, in addition, understood by both. Therefore, simple logi- the library's costs, when added to those of cal arguments are best. overall administration and services (such as The opening reply, then, to the question janitorial and secretarial), are seen as im- "But what would happen to the organization pediments to the organization's bargaining as a whole if there were no library?' prob- position for new work. ably should indicate that the immediate ef- The head librarian of the industrial library fects would undoubtedly be negligible. It is is constantly kept on his mettle by questions not necessary to point out that most such or- from his superiors, such as: "But what would ganizations existed (and probably thrived) happen to the organization as a whole if long before their libraries were established. It there were no library?" Assuming, as one should, however, quickly be pointed out that must, that the question has as its bases the the long-term effects may well be seriously pressures of time and the exigencies of earn- deleterious because the long term effects are ing greater profits, and that it is not occa- usually insidious. To invert this reasoning, sioned by either machinations of a Mephisto- one may say that many of the benefits derived phelian humor or a want of intelligence- from a library are not easily discerned. This either or both of which may sometimes be the does not mean that the major benefits are case-a ready and substantiated reply may not measurable. It just means that quanti- well make a difference in the existence of the tative evaluations are not simple. Too many library. industrial librarians attempt to document the benefits derived by the organization through a good (and well used) library by means of hearsay. There is little value in telling hard There is little value in telling hard nosed nosed management that "so-and-so says that management that "so-and-so says that be- because of the library the company saved X cause of the library the company saved X dollars, because the library supplied him with dollars, because the library supplied him the results of an experiment he was contem- the results of an experiment he was contemplating performing." Nor does the tale of plating performing." "an X million dollar contract obtained because of information from the library" carry much weight. These kinds of arguments, de- spite their obvious impressiveness, tempt one This paper is written in an attempt to to ask not only how many of these species answer questions of this sort (and their can be documented, but also how many of forms are plentiful, ranging from the naive these kinds of occurrences can the library be one above to the hostile: "And just what expected to cause? Frequently, it is true that does the library do to warrant such substan- but one such situation can create sufficient tial sums being allocated to it?"). Honesty savings as to offset the actual operating cost in replying to this kind of question is not of the library for a month, six months, or a only a professional attribute-it is a definite year. But, again, the question that springs necessity. It is also of vital importance that most readily to mind is: how often can the all replies and arguments made on behalf of library be expected to replicate this success ? the library be both logical and simple. It Logically, there is no answer to this question. The discovery of such valuable needles in the these weights to be obtained by means of haystack of the world's informational bulge user feedback. With every nth literature is almost entirely a case of serendipity, since search, reference answer, bibliography or cur- it involves the happy circumstances of meet- rent awareness product the patron is asked ing a need at any time, as well as what is to provide the requisite information. Mini- implicit in finding exactly the right experi- mally every loth patron should be queried, mental results or the information requisite to maximally every third. A happy medium is obtaining a contract. Serendipity, like the every fifth in that a 20% sample is adequate number of angels on the head of the rusty for almost any purpose. pin, is an unquantifiable and unknowable entity. The unquantifiable and unknowable Table 1. Definitions of Weight Factors do not invite confidence in much of anything, especially the wisdom of expending funds. Weight Factor Definition Nor then, does the mere use of circulation 0 The service rendered was useless frequency since circulation statistics are but either because of non-relevance to a measure of activity and there is no inherent the requestor's need or because the or implicit value in activity per se. Paraphras- turn-around-time was sufficiently ing William Katz, "A librarian should be great as to remove the service from judged on the basis of how well he provides the realm of real-time. service." The criterion of measurement is 1 The service received was adequate value received. To the user or to manage- but could have been ~rovidedby ment the direct services to the patron which the patron himself in the same possess some merit other than the purely amount of time. mechanical are the ones of importance. This is not meant to denigrate such mechanical 2 The service given was good and services as circulation. Certainly circulation could have been provided by the statistics should be kept if only to serve as an patron himself in twice the amount indication of the work load and its growth of time token by the library staff. or decline. Once again, too many of the factors in- 3 The service obtained was excellent and in all likelihood either could volved in catalog usage, acquisitions, etc. not have been equally well done by are either greatly variable or unknown and the pabron irrespective of how long would, in any event, not prove either as use- he might spend, or the actual time ful or impressive as direct patron services. It the patron might spend would be should be kept in mind that the evaluation so great that he could not afford of services is essentially a means of answering the time. two problems: first, to determine where services require improvement, and second, to in- By means of the following simple formula, dicate the value of the library in understand- a fairly good idea of the savings in engineer- able terms even to those with negative bias ing time accrued by means of the library's towards the library. services can be obtained: (Weight Factor) X (Library's Cost) = The Technique Engineering Time Savings (in $$) The primary step in devising a method for proving the necessity for, and evaluation of, Obviously, it is first necessary to determine library services is the creation of a data base the mean cost of providing each type of consisting of the usual statistical information service. If, then, for example, a literature librarians are wont to collect, for example, search usually iakes twelve working hours the number of reference questions answered and the cost is $11.25 per hour (including and literature searches performed. It is also overhead), and if, as is often the case, engi- imperative that a weighting system be uti- neering personnel's time costs (including lized for each individual service (not by type overhead) approximately twice the library of service but by each instance of service)- personnel's costs, the savings can be com- puted for a search rated by the patron to have evaluative method should be employed by a Weight Factor of 2 : libraries other than those to be found in industrial environments. For too long the public libraries and academic libraries have been Had the search been useless (a Weight Fac- allowed to grow and multiply without any tor of zero) to the patron, the results would quantitative bases other than vague- references have been : to "the population explosion" or formulas such as "ten books for every student." Adult 0 X $135 = $0 circulation statistics, once a sacred cow, wor- shipped as long as they increased regularly (the post hoc theorem working nicely here: If libraries have any value-something about the greater the circulation, the greater the need for growth) have declined in public li- which I am not in the least dubious-then braries in recent years. Now the jargonists librarians had better start proving it. and apologists say that the real indicator of the n&ess& for hrowth- is either "a free society in open communion with great minds" Because the libraries of industrial organiza- or "the need to enlighten the underprivi- tions must continually justify their existence leged." These kinds of emotional rationales for various reasons, it is best to do so in only serve to point out a lack of quantitative dollar terms which both scientists and man- knowledge. If libraries have any value- agement understand. By showing how engi- something about which I am not in the least neering time is saved (and, of course, the dubious-then librarians had better start dollars that correspond to that time) the li- proving it. brary should, as long as the total organization Federal funds as well as local (e.g., New- exhibits financial stability or growth, be able ark) are getting too difficult to come by to allow the ine~tor the well intentioned to ~ut to make somewhat clearer the merits of its I services. libraries on that well known path which leads only in one direction. Postscript There is nothing (at least that the author Received for review lun 23, 1969. Accepted can see) to contraindicate that some such Sep 25, 1969.

Mr. Rosenberg is currently Assistant Profes- sor in the School of Library Science of Kent State University, Kent, Ohio. He was formerly head of technical library services for Hzcghes Aircraft Cornpan), Culver City, Cali- fornia and later, the director of technical inforrnntion services for Ampex Corporation, Redwood City, Calif. Analysis and Revision of Subject Headings for Applied Sczence dnd Technology Index

Ellis Mount

Engineering Library, Columbia University, New York, N.Y. 10027

Richard Kollin

CCM Information Corporation, New York, N.Y. 10022

headings-not just a piecemeal approach. Revision of the subject heading list for The Applied Science and Technology Index Applied Science and Technology Index in- (hereinafter to be referred to as ASTI) covers volved an updating and review of the head- over 200 journals in the fields of engineering and science. The emphasis is probably ings and all related cross references by a more on engineering and the physical sci- team effort. Resulting terms were keypunched, ences, with the earth sciences and life sci- with computer-printed lists and both mag- ences of lesser importance. Both cross refer- netic tape and punched cards available as the ences and main headings were to be included final product. Method of updating in the fu- in the study. A completion date of November ture is also described. 1, 1968 was the goal.

General Plan PROJECT to revise and update the sub- After a search for qualified persons to take A ject headings used for a nationally part, the project head began the project with known index of technical periodicals began four other librarians who had appropriate essentially as an analysis of the subject head- subject backgrounds and library experience ings to be consolidated into a manually pre- for such work. Each was well versed in one pared list. The project ended, however, with or more technical subjects; the background the utilization of data processing hardware of each participant complemented the areas and software in the preparation, consolida- of the others in the group of five. tion and final printing of the list as delivered Five goals were agreed upon : to the publisher who sponsored the project. In February 1968 The H. W. Wilson To choose current, accurate subject head- Company asked one of the authors (Mount) ings and to drop outdated terms. to serve as head of a project to revise the a To choose different types of subject head- subject heading authority list for Applied ings in a consistent manner. Science and Technology Index. The entire Inverted terms would normaliy be used list had never been systematically analyzed in order to keep different aspects of a and updated before, and there was need for common term together in the alphabet; modernization and improvement in ways for example, Airplanes, Jet propelled that called for a complete analysis of all and Aivplanes, Military. An explanatory DECEMBER1969 word would be added in parentheses to entries and geographical terms (both main a term which might be confused with headings and subheadings). another meaning of that term; for ex- There was literally no limit to the pos- ample, Molds (botany) and Molds (for sible number of such terms which might casting). Whenever feasible the plural be needed from one year to the next. It form, rather than the singular form, was recommended that a separate au- would be used; for example, Meters thority file be established by the Wilson would be used rather than Meter, yet the Company for such terms. term Coal is typical of those terms used only in the singular. All of these types The plan was to divide up all the subjects of terms were already in use in ASTI; covered in the index among the five analysts, our goal was to see that the choice of depending upon their background and train- style of term to use was as consistent as ing, and let each proceed independently possible. through his own copies of the latest bound volume of ASTI available at the time (1966) To provide for an adequate number of as well as through the unbound issues for cross references, but where possible to 1967 and early 1968. Each analyst would pre- avoid the listing of dozens of related terms pare handwritten (or hand-printed) 3 X 5 (both to save space in the index and to cards, to be reviewed and consolidated by the avoid overwhelming the user with too - project head when each completed his portion many listings). of the terms. Because no specific headings one way to avoid the latter problem was to extend the practice already used were assigned, it was known in advance that occasionally in ASTl whereby a few a certain amount of overlapping of headings terms of related interest are listed, pre- would occur. A definite format for the cards ceded by "e.g.:" to show they are merely was established, to improve uniformity of selected examples, not meant to be all- style. The final product was to be a type- inclusive or exhaustive in scope. Three written authority list, with all main headings such phrases were used; for example, and cross references shown. under the term Meters one or more of It was known that the complete authority the following phrases might have been file at the Wilson Company for this index used: consisted of over 30,000 cards, but they dated See also special subjects related to Meters, e.g.: . . . back to the days of Industrial Arts Index See also specific types of Meters, e.g.: (ASTZ's predecessor). It was felt there was ... little need to try to include all the terms See subdivision Meters under special which had ever been used for these indexes. subjects,e.g.: . . . The emphasis was to be on modern terms- (Each of these phrases would be fol- those in current use. It was thus estimated lowed by a few appropriate headings.) that approximately 12,000 to 15,000 main terms would be involved in the project, with To prepare a list of standard, general each term to average around two to three purpose subheadings as a separate entity. subterms (the cross references and subhead- This would reduce the listing of such common subheadings as -Design or ings), making a total of over 40,030 terms. -Analysis under the thousands of main headings to which they might apply. The Analysis of Subject Headings only exception would be to list such a common subheading when a reference Each analyst proceeded at his own pace, had to be made to it or from it in the since each had to fit this into his own free cross-reference structure. For example, time after regular hours of employment. if there had been a reference from Air- Each term in his subject area was examined planes-Design to Computers-Aeronau- and either kept as is, modified or eliminated. tical applications, this would have re- Dictionaries, glossaries and other reference quired use of the subheading -Design tools were used as needed. An asterisk was under Airplanes. used to identify new terms (to facilitate their To eliminate proper nouns (for example, being recognized as such by the project George Washington Bridge), corporate head), and terms to be eliminated were recorded on cards but marked "Drop" to make preparation (at least by comparison with the it clear they were not overlooked. When each stringent requirements of having 40,000 items analyst had completed his set of headings in perfect order before typing could begin). and cross references, they were turned in to So another search was made, this time for a the project head for review. This phase of data service interested in such a project, with the work was to have been completed by a reasonable cost estimate for the work. Sept. 1, 1968, but some of it went on for two or three weeks thereafter. The actual Machine Method preparation of cards was rather tedious and time-consuming, and some analysts used cleri- In due time one of the authors (Kollin) cal help for this. More than 20 cards per was brought into the project to design the major heading were needed to show all the method of handling the data and to produce cross references and subheadings for some of useful output records. It was decided to offer the major terms. The Wilson Company a choice of keypunched cards or magnetic tape (or both) plus a Coordination of Terms printed list. In order to keep each main heading and its cross references together, one Once the project head had completed his decklet number was assigned to all the items portion, he began to review the work of the making up each main heading and its cross other four analysts and to coordinate the references and subheadings. This would fa- cards into one logical system. The inevitable cilitate sorting and would allow us to recon- overlapping took a fair amount of time to struct card location in the event of the check, since one analyst might have elimi- "dropped deck" problem. As cards were key- nated a particular term while a second person punched, printouts of segments of the list might have incorporated that term into his would be made for use in proofreading the set. Differences of style or taste in term con- work, thus eliminating the need for the extra struction (such as direct vs. inverted terms) expense of verifying the cards. In order to needed to be harmonized. further reduce keypunching costs, the first set of cards was not even to be interpreted. Manual vs. Machine Methods All the cards, including corrections, were It was at this point that serious considera- then to be alphabetized by main term, and a tion was first given by the project head to the complete printout made, with the new set of advisability of changing the original plan for cards made as a by-product of that run being a typewritten list. For one thing, the first interpreted cards. Then previous printouts page of typing could not be started until the (partial) were to be used to locate the previ- last term had been reviewed, since a term in ously discovered error cards and to see that the "X's" might well involve a term in the the corrections called for had in fact been "A's", calling for much changing and re- properly made. Then a final printout run typing. Also the possibilities of greater flexi- would be made, generating a tape as a by- bility and reproducibility of the index pre- product. pared in machine-readable form began to Since The Wilson Company, if the plan look very worthwhile. The typed list would were successful, might want to do other in- have been out of date the minute it was done, dexes, involving many different subject head- and updating would have been very cumber- ings, it was proposed that the decklet num- some. While the possibility of making the bers allow for all the growth one could final list on typed 3 X 5 cards had been imagine. Therefore, up to 10 columns on the given slight consideration at the start of the cards were to be dedicated to this number, project (but dropped because of the extra using Column 1 for a letter, then a space, time needed to type on cards), the virtue of then 6 digits, then 2 spaces for insurance for such a record being easier to update in card future growth. Just the first 8 columns (with form had been recognized. A machine-read- 2 letters and 6 digits) would alone provide able form would incorporate ease of updat- for 676 million main subject headings- ing, ease of reproducing as many sets as were surely enough for all the various Wilson in- needed for all the ASTZ indexers, and ease of dexes for years to come. If this did not prove enough, however, there were still 2 columns needed merely to cite its number in giving left for letters or numbers. They could also instructions for deletion from the tape, with be used for other purposes, if desired, such as new printouts again quite simple to make. subject classification of the terms. Since updating and corrections go on con- In considering the best way to update such stantly in the authority file of an index of a list, especially if the cards were not to be this size, such advantages were felt to be the primary updating tool, it was proposed significant. If the file could not be updated to give each line of the final printout a dis- easily, it would tend to get out of date, which tinct number, independent of and in addition could not be tolerated if it were to be the to the decklet numbers. This new number, master file. commencing with 100, would increase by The Wilson Company agreed to this change 100 for each line. Thus line 1 was number of plan, so work was begun in late Septem- 100, line 4 was 400, line 12 was 1200, etc. ber on the keypunching of those 3 x 5 cards Any addition to be made later on in the sub- which were ready. As this went on, the proj- ject heading list between any of these new ect head continued to edit and analyze cards numbers could be given an appropriate num- done by the other analysts. Due to the need ber in between the 100's by the ASTI in- to double check each cross reference for each dexers and simple instructions given to a term, this phase lasted much longer than data center to update the tape, with printouts anticipated-not until November were the made for that portion of the printed index. last of the 3 x 5 cards ready for keypunch- Multiple copies could be made, so that each ing. Many changes were made, during this indexer could have a printed copy of the list period, to terms already keypunched. The on his desk. In like manner, to delete or to computer used was the IBM 360/30, and modify a term already on the tape, one programs were written in COBOL.

Table 1. Plan of Operation 2. When all corrections were made, all the cards were put on a new tape. It was felt that the internal sort order of each decklet (everything under a main term) 1. As cards were keypunched (each main was fairly acceptable as originally punched, term and all its subparts having been as- but the main term decklets themselves were signed one decklet number), each batch completely out of order. To preserve the of perhaps one week's output of punching order in future sorts and manipulations, a was put on magnetic tape and a printout unique ascending serial number was as- made, to be used for proofreading. signed to each card image on the tape.

Decklet No. Serial No. A 010241 ELECTRIC ACCIDENTS 87562 A 010241 see ELECTRICITY, INJURIES FROM 87563 A 001223 ELASTIC FABRICS 87564 A 001223 X STRETCH FABRICS 87565 A 001223 XX TEXTILE FABRICS --87566 A 001949 AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING 87567

3. A new tape was then made, carrying only the main headings, arranged by this unique serial number. A 010241 ELECTRIC ACCIDENTS A 001223 ELASTIC FABRICS A 001949 AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING Table 1. Plan of Operation (contd.) 4. This tape was then sorted by main headings. Decklet No. Serial No. A 001949 AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING 87567 A 001223 ELASTIC FABRICS 87564 A 010241 ELECTRIC ACCIDENTS 87562

5. Each record on the resulting main heading tape was then assigned a second unique serial number in addition to the first serial number. 2nd Serial No.

A 001949 AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING A 001223 ELASTIC FABRICS A 010241 ELECTRIC ACCIDENTS

6. This tape was then sorted by the first serial number back into the order in which the terms were found in Step No. 2. A 010241 ELECTRIC ACCIDENTS A 001223 ELASTIC FABRICS A 001949 AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING

7. This tape was then run against the original tape (containing main and subheadings). Matching on the first serial number, the second serial number was assigned to each card image within a single decklet. A 010241 ELECTRIC ACCIDENTS A 010241 see ELECTRICITY, INJURIES FROM A 001223 ELASTIC FABRICS A 001223 X STRETCH FABRICS A 001223 XX TEXTILE FABRICS A 001949 AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING

8. This tape was then sorted by both the second and the first serial number bringing all main terms and subterms into alphabetical sequence. A 001949 AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING 87567 57742 - A 001223 ELASTIC FABRICS 87564 57743 A 001223 X STRETCH FABRICS 87565 57743 - A 001223 XX TEXTILE FABRICS 87566 - 57743 A 010241 ELECTRIC ACCIDENTS 87562 57744 - A 010241 see ELECTRICITY, INJURIES FROM 87563 57744 - A printout of the tape was made, and for the term to which referred. The same a set of interpreted punched cards was also can be done with this program for "See" and provided at this step. This printout, which "X" terms. This would have eliminated much we called the semifinal run, was then of the tedious making of cards by hand by checked against the partial printouts to the analysts or their clerical assistants. With see that all corrections and additions called a set of terms of this size, this would have for were made correctly and also to adjust been no small saving of analysts' time. The the sorted 49,000 punched cards, removing cards could then have been hand sorted bv the bad cards and inserting the corrected subject and divided up among the analysts on one. Sometimes corrections of corrections the basis of their assigned subjects. This were needed. The four hierarchies used would have eliminated some of the over1a~- I for the subject headings and subheadings ping of work, although a certain amount is resulted in punched cards which were com- inevitable. For example, the person working plicated to the point that a program to do on metals will overlap with the person work- detailed machine sorting at all levels did ing on civil engineering when a term like not seem worth doing, especially for a "steel bridges" comes along. So a certain one-shot need. The semifinal run was ready amount of editing and merging by a final in December. The hand sorting which was editor was inescapable. Having good copy to needed was slow and exacting. Once the work from for a major portion of the key- deck was considered perfect, the final run punching would have eliminated many of the was made, using four-part paper so as to keypunching errors due to the difficulty of give the sponsor as many copies as was reading five or more different forms of hand feasible. The four printouts, the reel of printing (many were handwritten, to make magnetic tape and the punched cards (by keypunching even harder to do accurately). now reduced to around 42,000 because of The format used for the data is probably the elimination of cards which had been easy to read on the printouts, since it is nec- corrected) were delivered to The Wilson essary to show up to four levels of the hier- Company in mid-January. Also a list ar- archy under a given main heading in some ranged by decklet number, which proved cases (although two or three was the aver- to be useful in refiling a few stray cards age), yet it was not at all easy to keypunch. which had become separated for one reason At times it was necessary to write on each or another from their "brothers," was also line of the 3 X 5 cards the number of the delivered. A separate (typed) list of some column for the keypunchers to start on, 70 standard subheadings (such as -De- rather than burden them with a detailed set sign, -Analysis) was also provided. A of rules to distinguish a subhead from an sample of the semifinal run is shown in "XX" term under a main heading, for ex- Fig. 1. The final run was all upper case. ample. The timing of the schedule did not allow for as much reflection on questionable terms Conclusion as might have been desirable. This is a diffi- As is usual in a project of this size, with cult task to do on a very tight schedule, such many untried steps to make, many things as we had. As is usually the case in indexing would have been done differently if it had work, there were many arbitrary decisions to been possible to do over. The decision to go make, based on our experience and .judg- - to punched cards, had it been made sooner, ment. For example, how many articles appear would probably have dictated-as one of the to be going under a given main subject head- first steps-the use of keypunchers to go ing, such as "Airplanes-Wings," before it through the bound and unbound issues of is best to make a new heading-of "Airplane ASTI and keypunch all main headings and Wings"? Or, should inverted headings be cross references as they went, rather than have used to keep like terms together (Airplanes, analysts write them by hand. Or as an alterna- Military) or should all the military terms be tive to this, there is a program available kept together, which would call for "Military whereby the making of a "See also" term for Airplanes" ? These can be argued indefi- one heading can automatically produce a card nitely. The practice already in use in ASTZ Fig. 1. Revised Subject Heading List with Four Hierarchical Levels.

computation, approximate see approximate computation computer industry computer lease and rental services x computers-leaslng and renting computers see also special subjects related to "compoters", e. g.: accounting-mechanical and electron~caids automat ion automatons (computers) cybernetics data processing service centers differential analyzers data processing, electronic information storage and retrieval systems integrators magnetic memory devices (computers) memory devlces (computers) numerlcal control translating machines see also subdivision "computer control" under special subjects, e-g. : cutting machines lathes tube bending machines x calculating devices x electronic computers xx automation xx caicuiation xx electronics xx labor saving devices xx officz appliances xx mathematical instruments xx numerlcal control -aersnautic applications xx aeronautic engineering -analog computers sa computers-hybrid computers x anaiog computers --components --desigr. xx computers-design -analog - digital converters x analog - digital converters -architectural applications -automobile engineering applications xx automobile engineering -bibliographic applications xx information storage and retrieval systems xx literature searching

was a guide, since there was no point in keeping the interests of the average reader of changing their style if we had no strong ASTI in mind, we occasionally referred from reason to change such terms. However, al- the highly specialized term back to a more most every inverted term has a reference to general term (e.g., Blowflies, See Insects). it from the direct version, and vice versa, Again, no matter where the user looked he which at least takes care of the users, no would find the referral to the term actually matter which they looked up first. used. Another problem was that of handling It was necessary to hand sort some terms topics of lesser interest involving rather ob- which do not follow normal computer filing scure terms, such as the names of botanical order, yet which did not seem to warrant the specimens, or little known minerals. Here, in writing of a special program to handle. This included terms with commas, parentheses and Acknowledgements numbers (such as chemical terms like "2,4-D"). It was decided to let abbreviations Appreciation is expressed for the help of such as "FM" file in normal alphabetical the following librarians who served as ana- order, rather than at the beginning of the lysts in the project: Mrs. Mary Lawler, Elsie "F's," as often done in library filing. Hy- Ray, Harold Siroonian and Darrow Wood. phens, in order to be distinguishable from The comments of the following librarians dashes, were preceded by and followed by were also helpful in the planning of this proj- a space, whereas dashes were always followed ect; Paul Fasana, Dr. Jessica Harris, and Dr. Theodore Hines. The help of Mrs. Ellis by a letter. This may be useful in some future utilization or analysis of the data. Mount was also greatly appreciated in the The total time spent on the project, in project. approximate figures, is in Table 2. Keceived for review Apr 23, 1969. Revised mdmucript accepted for pzrblication Oct 27, Table 2. Man-Hours Expended 1969. Analysis of terms and recording on 3 x 5 cards by five analysts .... 850 Review of cards by project head .... 320 Numbering and filing of 3 X 5 cards ...... 3 15 Keypunching ...... 175 Proofreading of punched cards and printouts ...... 450 Programming time ...... 5 Kollin Mount Computer time ...... 5 Printout time ...... 4 Conference time for project head with Mr. Kollin is president of Pandex, Znc., a di- participants ...... 75 ~Gsionof CCM Information Corporation. Mr. Mount is science and engineering librarian at Colurn hia University. Public Relations for a "Special" Public

Josephine Raburn

Department of Library Science, Cameron State Agricultural College, ~awton,Oklahoma 73501

more than three or four times each year in the The practice of public relations in the most demanding of libraries. special library makes better service possible, Public relations is an art-the art of win- creates a pleasant image of the library as an ning over people so that they like an organization-(in this case a library). People who important asset to the parent organization, like a library try to help it. It is as simple as and enhances the status of library personnel. that. To have a good program, a dedicated li- The librarian not only needs to know ex- brarian with a professional attitude must do actly what work is taking place at the mo- careful planning and implement the plans ment in his parent institution, but what is be- with zest. ing planned for the future, so that materials can be gathered and a study of important outside contacts can be made before the actual need occurs. The thought of including the librarian in planning sessions of a highly crit- VERY special library is a reference li- ical, perhaps confidential nature does not sug- E brary. It exists solely to give informa- gest itself to many executives. Many librar- tion, and in most cases must perform its ians do not yet have that kind of prestige function efficiently so that it makes money image. The reason that they do not is mostly for the parent organization or it will cease to their own fault. They have not sold them- exist. The librarian should be scholarly, selves. Librarians should respect their parent should know the special field concerned, and institution and be dedicated to it just as its should also know library theory. With such executives are. The librarians should be plan- statements generally accepted as true-al- ners and salesmen because they produce a though not always found in fact-not much most important raw material. has been said about the place of public re- To most people in a working organiza- lations and publicity in the operation of the tion which has a special library, the library special library. exists as a tool-their tool when they need A mental image of the special library as- it, and their librarian is merely an organizer serts itself whether the library be that of a and arranger who fumbles right answers out petroleum company, an engineering firm, a of the chaos when requested to do so. They military service school, a research foundation, are not wrong. This is the way it usually is. a medical school, or something connected We do not live in that kind of an archaic with the fine arts. The image is of a hectic, society anymore. We live in the era of the problem-oriented center peopled with scurry- hard sell. Electronic technology is ours, and ing, busy seekers after facts that were needed the librarian who does not excitedly press this yesterday. Actually, if the public relations new world to his bosom and go out to con- were solid, such conditions should not occur quer it with the sword of public relations will soon be replaced by an information sci- or to xerocopy tables of contents and circu- entist and a machine which can do all of the late these. All periodicals cannot be sent, tedious work better than he can. however, so the "teaser" can have its place The first step in public relations is, of among the new arrivals in the library; a slip course, to keep a neat, attractive library which of paper can be attached to the cover of a says "Welcome" to all who enter it. Most li- journal with a notation of an important arti- brarians do well in this respect. cle to be found within. But keep in mind Within the library, a bulletin board or dis- that the teaser can be dangerous as well as play should keep pertinent daily information effective. before the personnel of the organization. This information may be newspaper clippings Judgement Is Vital or other current records of what is going on in the larger world of competitors and allies. Selectivity should build trust in the librar- BIG news can be routed to individuals. ian's judgement as to what is vital to read; if it does not, the damage is greater than if nothing had been done at all. Outstanding articles, those which describe great break- throughs or tell of research in progress, should be routed, even if the periodical is not a regular traveler. Again, the selection should Another display should emphasize proc- build confidence in the librarian's judgement. esses or new ideas from the literature in a Although these services are expected of quickly assimilated form. To do the latter, special libraries, they also publicize the li- the librarian needs to know people well brary. Another service which can build good enough to know what they read regularly. If will is to talk individually to members of the most of them subscribe to one journal and organization, and through such friendly in- read all of it, then the bulletin board should formal relationships to discover special inter- not use material from it. The librarian, hav- ests or problems that can be solved by the li- ing also read that journal, will know what brary. Such interests may be personal and questions the articles raise, and what inter- seemingly will have nothing to do with the ests they arouse. The bulletin board should operation at hand. Most likely the librarian continue from that point with material taken will have to do such projects as homework. from more obscure publications (for example, Maybe the individual is interested in a good from other countries). school for his son, the best buy in a television There might even be a special place in the set or washing machine, a good psychiatrist library where individuals may share informa- for a member of the family, an out-of-print tion, or ideas, or objects of value to them in book-the list could be endless. Another li- their work: a table, a wall, a display case, or brary may have to be used, or the librarian a conference room. may have only to direct the person to the correct aid to assist him, but the investment of time in caring about people and in helping An Action Center them personally pays off great dividends in The purpose, of course, is to make the li- developing pleasant attitudes towards the library a center of action. If it has never been brary and its functions. It also helps the total one before, it will take time to change it. organization indirectly, because worried New books and periodicals should be in a people do not work at an optimum level. separate location for a short time after they If special interests exist-and they almost are received, so that no effort needs to be ex- always do-within the field of operations of pended to keep up with the latest. It is tedi- the organization, the librarian should be alert ous to walk all over the library stack area to to new publications in this special interest find new material. Part of the routine in a field and bring them to the attention of the special library may be to circulate certain pe- person whose specialty it is. Sometimes, it is riodicals regularly, to send them permanently feasible to buy in these areas for the library; to a certain area where they are most used, if so, a telephone call should be made to the interested parties as soon as the material ar- The librarian needs to brainstorm. What is rives. Notes should be made about individual interesting about a newly designed fuel interests and needs, so that future items will pump? Think! New information is exciting not be missed because the librarian has for- in any field. What possibilities does it open gotten with the passage of time. A good up? Since the librarian must compete with friend does not forget. television, he must use its method and go Booklists have a place, too, in the special for the dramatic. There is nothing more library as do annotated bibliographies and catching than enthusiasm, and library public- complete bibliographies. If the librarian has ity should have it. Even the dullest of things his finger on the pulse of the organization, can be interesting if the right touch is used. he knows what would be most helpful and Maybe the organization puts out a weekly when. He should do it without waiting to be or a daily bulletin. The librarian can investi- asked. gate the possibility of using it as a teaching device if people seem to flounder in certain The Mouth : Open or Shut? areas of the library. A flyer could be attached to it at regular intervals, and this The librarian should willingly attend staff could include library news, hints on using meetings. If he is not asked to attend, he certain reference aids effectively, and the pros should-make known his desire to be asked. and cons of various methods of attacking Not only should he make brief and interest- problems. On some days, it might just adver- ing reports about the accomplishments of the tise services such as telephone reference. library at these meetings, but he should also If use of the library needs to be taught, be eager to review articles, books, and the perhaps the librarian could prepare a teach- like so thoroughly that they need not be read ing film, or slides, or some other kind of at all-if this would be hel~ful.This means visual aid to use with personnel. that he must develop the ability to be enter- The library may be thought of as the or- taining as well as scholarly. People do not ganization wife. Instead of clean socks and learn much from a boring review. He must a fresh shirt, it provides tools in the form of also learn to keep his mouth shut when his information. If the librarian respects his par- counsel is not needed. ent organization as he should, then he will serve the people who make up the organization to the best of his abilities. His best is not too much. The old saw, "We don't have time for all of that," just doesn't cover the facts. People make time for important things, and public relations are important. The statement, "We don't have time," really means, "We're afraid of that-we're more comfortable do- Publicity is just one of the techniques used ing clerical tasks." to create good public relations. And it can A good librarian must keep learning in the take many forms itself. If the company puts special field he has chosen as his own. If his out a newspaper, fillers may be needed. New mind is too lazy to keep up with physics, then acquisitions in the library can make excellent he should stay away from the special library fillers if well-written annotations are used. concerned with physics. From time to time the newspaper might use articles of interest. Unusual acquisitions make Weak Stomach and Dead End a good story. Human interest stories about the library appeal to everyone, but they If he is a special librarian with a company, should not involve real people without their he should marry the company as its execu- permission. Book reviews or reviews of arti- tives do. If he cannot stomach that much de- cles might be used. A series of articles on votion to it, he should step aside for a spe- the history of the organization or of the cial librarian who can. The library has been special field is a possibility. a dead-end job in some companies because it has been staffed by dead-end people. There Blow Your Mind is no valid reason why this should always Special library public relations does not be true. A sharp librarian can make as good end at the outermost boundaries of the or- a vice-president as can a sharp salesman ganization, because it, too, is hard at the moved up from the ranks, but he must know task of building good will within the com- more than how to classify and arrange in- munity. Librarians need to be active in civic formation. He needs to be indispensable to affairs and to be proud representatives of the company and to thoroughly understand their parent group. Cooperation with local management, planning, operations research, libraries and with local experts will prove the company's special field, and public rela- beneficial to both sides. At times, it may be tions. life-saving. Work in professional associations can also be priceless. It is mind-expanding to talk with others who share a profession, and they often help to smooth out difficulties and problems. They may even have some of the information that is needed by the library. Not only should the special librarian join library associations, but he should also join a Courting co-workers, that is, seeking them professional association in the field that his out to help them and to be helped in return, organization represents, if he qualifies for serves two purposes. It is good public rela- membership. tions, but it is also fulfilling the modern con- The special library needs public relations cept of what a library really is. No longer a as much or more than the public library. It storage place for musty books, the library is should not stop with publicity, but it should alive and pulsing with energy. It has to be, use all techniques and all media of cornmuni- because new knowledge pours into it like cations to get its point across. We have what water from a giant wave blown up by a it takes ! hurricane. If the st& doesn't move or respond or react, they will be buried under the debris. And the sad thing is that many of Received for review Apr 9, 1969. Accepted them would never be missed. Sep 10, 1969.

Mrs. Raburn is a former special librarian zoho is now instructor of library science at Cameron State Agricultural College. She has been a reference librarian at the technical library of the US. Army Artillery and Missile School at Fort Sill, Oklahoma. At Fort Sill Mrs. Raburn was in charge of the library's publicity and carried out some of the ideas presented in this paper. The Printing Industry

Sources of Information

C. C. Cuitino

Library Services Associates, Glen Ellyn, Illinois 60137

However, to be familiar with all the pub- The technological advances occurring in lications pertaining to a field of human the printing industry and allied fields, make knowledge in today's technological era is al- necessary a knowledge of existing reference most a utopian conception. To know the source publications that direct us to specific sources in this field. Those included in this answers to queries, is a more desirable ob- paper are but a very small part of a forthcom- jective for a librarian. ing book: "Printing and Publishing."* Areas of interest within the printing industry are as many as the different processes and functions inherent to them, and these processes and equipment are changing and URRENT technological developments in continuously being improved. It seems im- the printing industry are astonishing. C perative then that the sources of information Facsimile transmission, offset for newspaper pertinent both to everyday questions and and commercial printing, with speeds of up future problems be readily available to per- to 60,000 newspapers per hour, Xograph in sons affected by these changes. The ability advertising presentations, computer composi- to locate the appropriate needed information, and plastic plates, just to mention a few, tion through the right source may be the are enough to confuse even the most ade- determinant, at times, of the degrees of suc- quately prepared scientist. Today's printing cess or failure, for a printing concern. industry is no longer holding onto the tradi- In the largest degree, sources of informational concept of duplication of information tion are published materials, but colleges and but rather it is more closely associated with universities offering graphic arts programs, transmission of information. trade unions, associations and research organ- These new concepts and technological ad- izations, and printing equipment manufac- vances in the printing industry and allied fields have produced a proliferation of re- turers are always helpful and will try their ports, papers, journals, books, and other me- best to solve queries coming to them. Manu- dia devoted to the presentation of the latest facturers are a choice selection for audio- developments. Just as in any other specialized visual materials. field of endeavor, the printing specialist must read, observe and listen not only to prepare himself to perform his work adequately, but Research Trade Organizations also to keep up with the new developments Some of the most important sources of in his chosen field. information for today's printing industry are * One of the series of Management Informa- research trade organizations, sometimes con- tion Guides, published by Gale Research sidered to be the pacemakers in some areas Company. of the industry through their research pro- DECEMBER1969 grams and through their publications. An the British Paper and Board Industry Re- awareness of their existence and their ob- search Association). jectives seems highly important. The major- Research and Engineering Council of the ity of them provide information services (at Graphic Arts Industry, 1411 K St. N.W., nominal cost and some free for members) Washington, D.C. 20005 (Founded through their libraries or information centers: 1950). Society of Typographic Arts (STA), 469 E. American Newspaper Publishers Association Ohio St., Chicago, Ill. 60611 (Founded (ANPA), 750 Third Ave., N.Y. 10017 1927). (Founded 1887). Technical Association of the Graphic Arts American Photoengravers Association (TAGA), P.O. Box 3064, Federal Sta- (APA), 166 W. Van Buren St., Chicago, tion, Rochester, N.Y. 14614 (Founded Ill. 60604 (Founded 1897). 1949). Flexographic Technical Association (FTA) , 157 W. 57th St., N.Y. 10019 (Founded 1958). Graphic Arts Research Center, Rochester In- stitute of Technology (RIT) , Rochester, Bibliographies N.Y. 14614 (Founded 1950 as a unit in Even though the preceding organizations the College of Graphic Arts Photography). will prove helpful, librarians will not be in Graphic Arts Technical Foundation (GATF) , a position to call upon them continuously. 4615 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa. 15213 Published source or reference materials be- (Founded 1924). come then the choice tools in securing infor- Gravure Engravers Association (GEA) , 166 mation about the industry. One of these W. Van Buren St., Chicago, Ill. 60604 sources, subject bibliographies, has unfottu- (Founded 1962). nately only a few published items of im- Gravure Research, Inc. (GRI), 22 Manhas- portance for the different facets of printing: set Ave., Manorhaven, Port Washington, Long Island, N.Y. 11050 (Founded 1946). Annotated Bibliography on Electrofax and Gravure Technical Association (GTA) , 60 Related Photoconductive Processes. 2 v. East E. 42 St., N.Y. 10017 (Founded 1949). St.Louis, American Zinc Co., 1966/67. International Association of Electrotypers and An exhaustive work to 1965, comprising periodi- Stereotypers (IAES) , 758 Leader Build- cals' articles, books, and patents in two volumes: ing, Cleveland, Ohio 44114 (Founded v.1, Literature and Book References (196G); v.2, 1897). Foreign and Domestic Patents ( 1967). International Center for the Typographic Arts Bibliography on Ink Color Standards. TAGA, (ICTA), P.O. Box 2438, Grand Central Rochester, N.Y. Grafiska Forskningslab. Station, N.Y. 10017 (Founded 1961). Medd., 54: 74-80 (Oct 1965) ; originally International Typographic Composition As- published in TAGA Proc. 350-359 (1964), sociation (ITCA), 2233 Wisconsin Ave. based on the work of the subcommittee on N.W., Washington, D.C. 20007 (Founded ink color standardization. 1920). The various items included in this listing were National Association of Photo-Lithographers gathered from various other bibliographies, per- (NAPL), 230 W. 41 St., N.Y. 10036 sonal correspondence, notes, various personal files, (Founded 1933). and miscellaneous reports. Printing Industries of America (PIA), 20 Electrostutic Printing. Weiner, J.and Roth, L. Chevy Chase Circle N.W., Washington, D.C. 20015 (Founded 1887). eds. Appleton, Wisc., Institute of Paper Chemistry. Its Bibliographic Ser. no. 2 12 Research Association for the Paper and Board, (1964) Suppl. 1 (1965) Printing and Packaging Industries (PIRA) , Randalls Road, Leatherhead, Surrey, Eng- Useful for those engaged in the manufacture of electrostatic printing materials, and in providing land (Founded 1930 as Printing, Pack- sources for an introduction to electrostatic proc- aging, and Allied Trades Research Asso- esses for those contemplating their application. ciation, PATRA. Merged in 1967 with Some references have been included by title only. Paper and Its Relation to Printing. Weiner, Abstracts & Indexes J. and Roth, L. eds. Appleton, Wisc., Insti- Abstracts and Index Journals, including tute of Paper Chemistry. Its Bibliographic classified listings of articles and abstracts Ser. no. 164 (1962) from current periodicals are proven tools A survey of the literature (up to 1961) on the from which tailored bibliographies may be relation of paper to printing including rderences compiled to suit specific needs. The follow- to general articles on the subject, to the condi- ing sources are pertinent in this area: tioning and maturing of paper, to defects of paper that influence its printability, and to some methods Abstracts of Photographic Science and Engi- of testing paper. Printing inks have been considered only in so far as the articles included deal neering Literatwe. (Monthly. N.Y., Society with the mechanism of drying of the ink and the of Photographic Scientists & Engineers) relation of paper thereto. Many references to test- Articles and patents, from throughout the world, ing methods are not included because they have are abstracted by specialists, not only on develop- already been collected in other bibliographies. ments in photographic science and technology, Some papers have been abstracted from the orig- but also on the latest advances in applications and inal articles. References from Annual Advertising apparatus. Key descriptive words or terms precede and Production Yearbooks have not been included. each abstract. A subject and author index is also included. Bibliography of Papermaking and US.Put- Photographic Literature. Boni, A. ed. N.Y., ents. (Annual. N.Y., TAPPI). R. R. Bowker Co. and Morgan & Morgan, Indexes the literature on pulp and paper manufacture and related subjects, including printing in 1963. relation to paper, published during the year in an A guide to general and specialized literature cov- alphabetical subject grouping. U.S. patents se- ering all fields of photography. More than 12,000 lected from the Oficial Gazeite are included in basic books, journals, magazines, articles, and the second part of the Bibliography, arranged ac- technical papers are listed under more than 1,200 cording to the classification of the U.S. Patent subject headings including such topics as photo- Office, and foreign patents are listed in numerical graphic processes, techniques, theory, chemistry, order in succeeding sections. A patent index. physics, apparatus, materials, and applications, industry, history, biography, aesthetics. Graphic Arts Abstracts. (Monthly. Pitts- burgh, Pa., GATF) . Rzrnnability of Printing Papers. Weiner, J. Abstracts of "important current articles" are com- and Roth, L. eds. Appleton, Wisc., Institute piled from over 350 publications and arranged in 24 subject categories. Patents and books are also of Paper Chemistry. Its Bibliographic Ser. abstracted. No index, annual or cumulative is no. 215 (1965) issued. A literature survey of a continuous importance be- Graphic Arts Index. (Monthly included in cause of the increased use of paper in roll form in web presses. Runnability, as interpreted by this Graphic Arts Progress. Rochester, N.Y., bibliography, covers all the characteristics of the RIT) . paper which contribute to the ease, efficiency, A subject index of articles in the graphic arts in- and convenience of using the paper in the printing cluded in 10 subject divisions with sub-divisions. process. It includes the subject literature and Citations are numbered sequentially starting with patents up to Nov 1963. the Jan issue to the Dec issue of each year. An author index refers to the number of the citation; A Selected Bibliography of the Graphic Arts. no subject index, annual or cumulative is issued. Gerber, J., comp. Pittsburgh, Pa., Graphic Printing Abstracts. (Monthly. Surrey, Eng- Arts Technical Foundation, Inc., 1967. land, PIRA) . A selected listing of books and articles repre- A digest of articles appearing in the world's print- senting primarily books from 1950 to 1966 and ing trade press and related literature. It covers articles from 1964 to 1966 in the major areas of technical and scientific matters only, and even in study in the graphic arts spectrum. The entries this field is restricted in certain directions. Such have been arranged alphabetically by author, books matters as type faces, design and layout, costing preceding articles, within the major groupings and trade conditions, apprenticeship training, tech- established in GATF's Graphic Arts Abstracts nical education etc. are not covered. The abstracts monthly series. are included in 31 subject categories. An index to the abstracts is published annually. Definitions & Terminology synopsis of subject divisions in which major articles are linked in their contextual sequence. A Basic subject information, definitions, and comprehensive, easy to read, scientific, and prac- terminology, or the jargon of the profession tical information source. are areas that offer many sources, and for Glossary of Automated Typesetting and Re- the printing industry they present continuing lated Computer Terms. Los Angeles, Compo- changes and additions, a direct product of sition Information Services, 1966. its rapidly changing technology. Terms and Typesetting automation is engaging principles of expressions such as OCR (Optical Character electronics, optics, photography, computerization, Recognition), computer typesetting, elec- data transmission, and other similar concepts. The tronic printing, facsimile transmission, are glossary lists alphabetically the terms in use in part of today's jargon and definitions are contemporary typographics, including also funda- much needed to obtain a basic understanding mental expressions. Covered are subject areas which include tape cxperation, photo-composition, of them. These are provided by topical dic- hot metal progress, computer and data transmis- tionaries and encyclopedias, in the English sion systems, OCR, and typesetting via cathode ray language, and also dictionaries of the termi- tube. nology with equivalents in other languages. Glaister, G. A. / Glossary of the BooR. Some of the sources in this area are: London, Allen & Unwin, 1960; published Bilingual Dictionary of the Graphic Arts. in the U.S. by World, Cleveland, Ohio, as Rodriquez, C. and Humphrey, G. A. eds. Encyclopedia of the BooR, 1960. N.Y., G. A. Humphrey, 1966. An encyclopedic dictionary written primarily from the British point of view but international Contains more than 15,000 technical terms cov- in coverage. In some 2,600 definitions alpha- ering all major printing processes and related betically arranged, it explains the terms used in fields. In addition to the transiaticn of terms, a papermaking, printing, book-binding and the book great many definitions have been included in the trade. While most entries are short, such basic English-Spanish Part. Emphasis is on the Spanish items as block-making, bookbinding, color print- speaking trade. ing, letters, forms and style, lithography, Mono- Dictionary of the Printing and Allied In- type, papermaking, and photogravure receive fuller treatment. dustries. In four languages, English, French, German, and Dutch. Wijnekus, F. J. M. ed. Stevenson, G. A. / Graphic Arts Encyclo- Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1967. pedia. N.Y., McGraw-Hill, 1968. The result of years of systematic collection and It has aimed successfully through text and illus- preparation. It includes thousands of terms and trations "to consolidate in one volume all the most expressions not found in some other dictionaries. useful techniques, processes, concepts, and meth- In addition to the basic tables, the appendix covers ods required in the graphic arts professions." information in the four languages on type body Especially helpful on basic information. names, type design classification, paper size names, recommendations for proof correction, names and Harper's Dictionary of the Graphic Arts. addresses of non-profit trade organizations of the Allen, E. W., ed. N.Y., Harper and Row, world. Bibliography. 1963. More than 6,500 basic terms used in the graphic Berry, W. Turner and Johnson, A. F. / En- arts industries with definitions and explanations, cyclopedia of Type Faces. London, Sir Isaac including descriptions of methods and processes, Pitman & Sons, Ltd., 1953. uses and purposes of tools. Examples of about 750 of the prominent type Pocket Encyclopedia of Paper G Graphic styles used in the Western world, organized by hxic styles and further subdivided by substyles. Arts Terms. Kaukauna, Wisc., Thomas Print- With each listing is the name of the designer ing & Publishing Company, 1965. 122 p. and the date of design. Specific peculiarities of Includes terminology in the paper and paper mills each style are described. Also included is a di- field, graphic arts terms, paper converting, and ink rectory of European and American type foundries. fields. The Focal Encyclopedia of Photography. Beer, P. / Vocabdary of the Press. German, Mannheim, L. A., et al. eds. N.Y., The Focal French, English. Frankfurt am Main, Poly- Press, 1965. graph Verlag GmbH, 1950. Photography and its related technologies are cov- Intended mainly for the members of the newspaper ered in ample detail. A useful reader's aid is the printing industry and for translators. It contains numerous items which will rarely be found in Printing Pr~rchasing Manual. (Annual. Ora- any other dictionary. Some terms had to be given dell, N.J., Printing Magazine/National Li- an explanatory form owing to the absence of equivalent words in the languages included. Besides the Buyers' Guide Section, listing services, equipment, and supplies for printers and lithographers under a Product/Subject Classification, it includes also listings and tables on Graphic Arts Equipment & Supplies Organizations (national & local) ; Mill Brands of Paper; Wage Scales in Leading Cities; and a And then, where to buy and what is avail- Display Advertising Index. able for printing requirements becomes a most important area. Purchasing supplies or Printing Production's Where to Buy Guide. new equipment cannot be done by rule of (Annually in Dec issue. Cleveland, Printing thumb! To review the market and to be able Production). to have, if possible, in one listing the sup- Listmgs of products and manufacturers classified pliers of interest to begin shaping and order, in 8 sections: 1) Composing room, 2) Plate- seems highly desirable. These activities may making, 3) Paper, printing stock, 4) Paper cutting be performed efficiently and on a survey and handling, 5) Pressroom, 6) Bindery, 7) Mailing, shipping, and 8) Miscellaneous. Also a manner with the aid of some general manu- trade name index and a listing of manufacturers, facturing directories such as Connover-Mast, suppliers and dealers, and a section on printing MacRae Blue Book, Thomas Register, and press specifications is also included. of course, more specific printing directories. Specification Manual of Printing Machinery The Paper Catalog (Semi-Annually. Oradell, and Equipment. (Annual. London, British N.J., Walden, Sons & Mott, Inc.) Printer). Published in six geographical sections and includes A comprehensive buyer's guide on available equip- a price section; a merchants' section arranged al- ment in all phases of the printing industry. Con- phabetically by name of concern and presenting a tents include all types of printing machines and list of paper grades carried by each; a proprietary accessories, composing machines and equipment, brands section, giving a complete list of proprie- bindery machines and equipment, specialized ma- tary brands with stock sizes, weights, colors and chines, an index of manufacturers and machines, finishes; and a watermarks and brands sections. and a manufacturer-supplier directory. alphabetically by watermarks and brands with information on grades, and firms and dealers who carry stocks.

The Paper Yearbook (Annual. Duluth, General Sources Minn., Ojibway Press, Inc.) A standard guide to paper and paper products A bibliography on printing, would of for everyone seeking general information about the course, include many more books than we are paper industry and for paper users in search of able to discuss here, on the many facets of sources of supply. Includes information about this $16 billion industry. Unfortunately, printing papers, listings of manufacturers and manufacturer's data, and other useful data in the there is neither the space, nor is there the in- form of charts and tables. tent to discuss them all. However, two books not considered "reference" are a must in Printing and Allied Trades Directory. (An- this presentation, because their scope and nual. London, Benn Bros. Ltd.) . treatment qualify them amply as general The Printers' Section contains an alphabetical source books on printing: list of 7,600 companies, followed by a geographical index. The Manufacturers and Suppliers Sec- Pocket Pal. N.Y., InternationaI Paper Com- tion cmtains the names of firms whose products and services are shown under more than 1,000 pany, 1966. 189p. headings in the Classified ,Buyer's Guide. A list A fundamental graphic arts design text for printers of U.K. agents and distributors for overseas manu- in layman's language. It presents a brief history facturers of printing machinery is an added fea- of printing and paper; describes and discusses ture. Other sections include trade names of manu- the different printing processes, composition, photo- facturers, trade organizations, colleges and schools engraving and duplicate plates, printing inks, of printing and graphic arts, and miscellaneous imposition, binding, and paper. Excellent illus- information. trations and tables. Strauss, V. / The Printing Industry: An Kodad Bulletin for the Graphic Arts (irr.) East- introduction to its many branches, processes, man Kodak Co., Rochester, N.Y. 14650. (Free) and prodz~cts. Washington, D.C., PIA, Inc. Modern Lithography (monthly) 4 Second Ave., Denville, N.J. 07834. ($4.00) in association with R. R. Bowker Co., 1967. Newspaper Techniques (quarterly) 1, Witte 816p. Singel, Leyden, Holland. ($9.75) A comprehensive up-to-date work on all phases Photoengravers Bulletin (monthly) 116 W. Van of the printing industry, organized by functions. Buren St., Chicago, Illinois 60604. ($5.00) Among the subjects covered are composition, full Printing and Publishing (quarterly) U. S. Govt. color reproduction, graphic arts photography, Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. image carriers, presses, presswork, paper, ink. ($1.00) binding and art, and copy preparation. Printing Printing Impressions (monthly) 134 N.13 St., processes explained include letterpress, offset, Philadelphia, Pa. 19107. ($7.00) gravure, screen process, and many others. Book Printing Magazine/National Lithographer manufacturing, magazine and newspaper produc- (monthly) 466 Kinderkamack Rd., Oradell, tion, and package printing are also extensively N.J. 07649. ($5.00) discussed. Printing Plates (monthly) 758 Leader Building, Cleveland, Ohio 44113. ($10.00) Printing Production (monthly) 1213 W.3 St., Cleveland, Ohio. ($5.00) Printing Trades Journal (monthly) Bouviere Trade Journals House, Fleet St., London E.C. 4, England. (60s) As has been stated before, the 20th century printing industry is by no means static; on the contrary, its progress is exhilarating Received for review Jun 20, 1969. Accepted and such pace is reported weekly, monthly, Sep 12, 1969. bi-monthly, quarterly, and yearly in the trade journals. A selected list of trade journals must include : American Ink Maker (monthly) 254 W. 31 St., N.Y. 10001. ($3.00) Book Production Industry (monthly) 201 E. 42 St., N.Y. 10017. ($10.00) Britith Printer (monthly) 30 Old Burlington St., London, W 1, England. ($10.00) Editsr and Publisher (weekly) 850 Third Ave., N.Y. 10022. ($6.50) Flexography, Printing and Converting (monthly) 61 Hilton Ave., Garden City, N.Y. 11530. ($6.00) Graphic Arts Monthly (monthly) 7373 N. Lincoln Ave., Chicago, Ill. 60646. ($7.00) Graphic Arts Progress (monthly) 65 Plymouth Mr. Cuitino, until recently manager, Infor- Ave. S., Rochester, N.Y. 14608. ($10.00) mation Services, The Goss Company, a di- Graphic Communications Weekly (weekly) 1605 zkion of Miehle-Goss-Dexter, Inc., Chicago, N. Cahuenga Blvd., Los Angeles, Calif. 90028. Illinois, now heads his own consulting firm ($50.00) Graphic Science (monthly) 3 Maiden Lane, N.Y. that also provides packaged library and infor- 10038. ($16.00) matiolz services to industry. He has ju~tre- Grazwre (monthly) 61 Hilton Ave., Garden City, turned from South America, where he served N.Y. 11530. ($6.00) as Temporary Consultant for the Regional Gravure Technical Association Bulletin (monthly) Ofice of the World Health Organization in 60 E. 42 St., N.Y. 10017. (Membership) In'and Printer/American Lithographer (monthly) their Regional Library of Medicine, Sao 300 W. Adams St., Chicago, Ill. 60606. ($5.00) Patrlo, Brazil. This Works For Us

"Cuttering" the Corporate Entry

Mrs. Grace Levy

Interdepartmental Planning and Housing Library, Department of City Planning, New York 10007

OURlibrary, as do many libraries, acquires I,LE Jacobs, Jim. Ja The econony of cities. Lrw ?ark, 7xvic.m House, an array of government publications from 1969. I 26E p. federal, regional, state and local agencies, as I well as many publications from quasi-public and private organizations. This library has its 756 BLPA Airport Committee. ALR AiPA guide for airport standards. [Washington, own alphabetico-numericclassification scheme. D. C., Air lne Pilots Association, 19691 In addition, a geographic notation is used unpaged - Sections I-XN. and frequently a chronological notation. The combined notation provides a useful key to JL6.1 Rew York City. Housing and Developnent Admi- NYC nistration. Department of Devclopnent. a variegated collection. Recently I have ex- HDA Conmunity developnent Fogram progress report 1968: including urban renewal; vest pocket; de- tended the geographic notation to denote molition; open space ad urban beautification federal and regional publications: US for programs. 320 P. federal and NYM for New York Metro- --_--- -_.- - 4 ~./-. - politan Region. This extension establishes A25 The Metropolitan Rrgioml Council. a place in the collection for two sizable EiYU knicipl directory. New York, N. Y., Vetro- IQ(C politan Regional Council, categories. Previously federal publications Library has: 1969 were noted only by a "cuttered" U, and ------J metropolitan regional materials had no spe-

K23 New York State. Division of Human Riehts. cial notation. NYS herto Ricans in New York State (hert~rri~uenos liR en el estado d+ h'uevn York) 1960-1969. This library is an integral part of a New 67 p. (processed) York City department: the Department of ----\_- _ _/---.-_-__--- I I City Planning. We therefore maintain a dis- dl4 U. S. Federal Housing Administration. crete notation for New York City materials US Awlysis of the New York, New York housing FHA market area as of September 1, 1967 (a supple- (published by local agencies and organiza- ment to the September 1, 1964 analysis). 5C p. + app., tables. tions). Materials about New York City by --..,-- --/---V ^\A other than local agencies and organizations M3.3 U. S. Department of Labor. are traced by subject headings preceded by Statistics on manpower: a supplement to the I4.n-r Reportof the hddent. !4ashir@on, NEWYORK CITY. 1969 G.F.O., %rch 1969. 'i We are all familiar with "cuttering" the 108 p., tatles. -4- - -V --,-.a personal author entry. Over the past year I I have wrestled with the problem of what to h30 U.S. Bureau of kbor Statistics. US Charting tire New York City econow: a graghic do about the corporate author. There has BIS awnmav of recent ccanonic trends. New YorZ, G.P.O., Far 1969. been such a proliferation of publications that 28 7. iRegiom1 Rep-ts - Elu.ber 12) the "bodies" tend to get mixed up or lost on i 1. NE4 YORK CITY - EC3NOt!IC TilDS. i. Titls. 1 the shelf. "Cuttering" the corporate author , appears to offer a rational solution to providing these corporate entities with an individ- ualized identity which makes it possible to group them by corporate author. I have there- authors and private corporate authors are ar- fore adopted the practice of using an upper ranged in alphabetical order. All works bear- case notation for this purpose composed of ing a geographic notation and/or geographic the initials of the agency, association, or or- notation plus corporate author follow also in ganization, for example, American Institute alphabetic order. Chronology is considered of Architects (AIA) ; U.S. Bureau of Labor in ascending order within all categories Statistics (BLS). Excepted from this practice where it is specially noted. The following il- is the corporate author whose name- begins lustration, using one classification selected with the forename or initial of a personal from the scheme used by the Interdepart- name (see ALA Rule No. 144 in ALA Cat- mental Planning and Housing Library, will aloging Rules for Author and Title Entry, 2d serve to show the possible range. (TI0 is as- ed. 1949). It has been necessary, of course, signed to the category of general works on to follow some guidelines : transportation.)

I) Use the ALA cataloging rules for cor- TI0 TI0 TI0 TI0 TI0 TI0 TI0 porate entry. Cu HRB Col NYC NYC US US 2) Use official directories to establish and SanF TA TBTA DOT DOT maintain an authority list (e.g., U.S. 1968 1969 Government Organization Manual ; City of New York Official Directory). For the uninitiated the Cutter notations 3 ) Be consistent. are further explained : Although the methodology employed in cataloging for our moderately sized library Cu Personal author (approximately 9,000 items) may appear to be HRB Highway Research Board complicated, the results are worthwhile. The NYC/TA New York City. Transportation Author- ity. information conveyed by the 4-part notation NYC/TBTA New York City. Triborough Bridge and facilitates both the storage and retrieval of Tunnel Authority. any one of a multitude of books, reports, US/DOT United States. Department of Transpor- studies or other publications of extremely tation varying sizes and bindings. We all know what cataloging nightmares those spineless or spiralled items present in both storage and Received for review Jul 8, 1969. Accepted retrieval. for publication Sep 1, 1969. Mrs. Levy is A proposed shelf arrangement designed to senior librarian, Interdepartmental Ptanning integrate the entire collection treats the clas- and Housing Library, New York City De- sification as the base component. Personal partment of City Planning. Simple Reserve System

Roger P. Bristol

Engineering Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901

Tm reserve-book system in use at the Uni- on reserve; one is held in a box in reserve versity of Virginia Engineering Library is number sequence; and the remaining cards so simple to set up and operate that describ- are kept with the book. ing it may be of help to small college librar- The "shelf list box" of punched cards is ies, or to small departmental libraries of uni- carried (generally by a willing student assist- versities. It is best adapted to collections of ant) to the nearest sorter and printer. Suc- 150-2,000 volumes. Below 150 volumes any cessive sorts and printouts are made by author purely manual control is adequate. Above (cols. 1-4), faculty member (cols. 50-55), 2,000 volumes the manual portions in the and reserve number (cols. 73-76). The final system should probably be superseded by sort returns the punched cards to shelf list machine procedures, preferably close to the order. It would be possible to produce indexes library. by course and by title, but this has not ap- As each reserve list is received from a fac- peared necessary for us. Printouts and the ulty member, the list is inserted chronologi- "shelf list box" are brought back to the li- cally in a spring-back binder and serially brary, and the printouts are put into appro- numbered. A list arranged alphabetically by priately marked binders. faculty members serves as a table of contents The books stand on the reserve shelves ar- for the binder. ranged solely by an arbitrary numbering, with Books are located from the list, and each is no apparent logical order, whether by author, marked, regardless of call number or author, title, call number, size, color, or faculty mem- with a strip of tape bearing a serial number ber. Many students pore over the shelves try- having no relation to the serial number of ing to figure out the system within the sys- the faculty reserve list itself. Volumes and tem; engineering people like to solve puzzles. copies may or may not be consecutively num- But since there really is no system within the bered. If a book has to be called in from a system, almost invariably someone has to borrower or ordered from a publisher, its point out to them the binders that contain the number is assigned when it appears in the the indexes. library. Charging out a book is easy. The borrower A keypunch (an IBM 026 in our case) is signs his name anywhere on one of the the only equipment which must be close to punched cards in the book, leaves it at the the library. (The other equipment we use is circulation desk, and takes the book for two an 083 sorter and a 407 accounting ma- hours-longer if no one is waiting for it. chine.) Books going on reserve must have Books are also charged out overnight. It punched cards made at once, and additional would be possible to arrange the borrowers' cards to be signed by borrowers must be re- cards by reserve number (or other logical producible immediately when needed. sequence), but in our set up we have not The indexes provided are products of the quite had to do that. punched card made for each volume: they are When the book is returned, the signed entitled respectively Author, Faculty, and Re- punched card is pulled and tossed-not serve number. The single punched card is away, but into a pamphlet box. At semester's duplicated five times. One card is sent to the end these cards are run through the sorter faculty member as evidence that the book is according to faculty member, and printed DECEMBER1969 out. The results are informative, for they on time, with consequent fines and frustra- show what reserve books actually were used tions for all. But this is normal human slip- and how often. Many books circulate less page, inherent in all open-shelf reserve sys- than three times, and some not at all, a fact tems and avoidable only by closed reserves which should be of interest to the instructor. and constant staff supervision. Such human On the other hand, those that circulate heav- shortcomings are in no way attributable to ily deserve the purchase of another copy. the changed system, but perhaps they become As usual with any man-machine interface, more obvious. man fails oftener and in more ways, but Putting books on reserve and taking them when the machine fails, it fails more disas- off has become less complicated and faster; trously. With the unsophisticated equipment once a book is in hand, the time for getting used for our system, machine trouble has it on reserve is seldom over ten minutes, and been slight. Sorts and printouts are not on a for getting it off seldom over fifteen seconds. demanding schedule; even at the start of a Hence we feel that our simple and inexpen- semester, when we try to produce new in- sive mechanized operation has been successful. dexes whenever we add 10-12 books, a wait of another day or two is handicapping but not fatal. Machine slippage due to mispunch- Received for review May 26, 1969. Revised ing and misfiling has never been more than manuscript accepted for pzblication Aug 16, annoying. 1969. Mr. Bristol is at the Engineering Li- Human errors are less subject to correction. brary of the University of Virginia's School Books disappear from our open shelves with- of Engineering &Applied Science, Charlottes- out being signed for. Books are not returned ville, Virginia. sla news

CHAPTERS & DIVISIONS Baltimore-On Oct 14 the Chapter met in Washington, D.C. at the US. Book Ex- On Jan 15, 1970 Baltimore Chapter will change. The executive director of USBE, visit the new library of the Towson State Col- Alice D. Ball, described the operations of lege and will hear an informal discussion on USBE before the Chapter visited the physical "Planning Library Buildings." facilities of the exchange. "How a Newspaper Goes to Press" will On Nov 12 the Chapter met in Catons- hold the attention of the Chapter on Feb 10, ville, Md. to hear a description of "Library 1970 at the Sunpapers Building, Baltimore. Trends and Prospects in Maryland" by mem- Baltimore's Sinai Hospital is the location bers of the Maryland Division of Library of the Mar 17, 1970 meeting with a tour of Extension. the Rehabilitation Building and a visit to

Special Membership Meeting 1. (a) To provide an association of individuals and organizations having a profes- Jan 30, 1970 sional, scientific or technical interest in library and information science, especially as A NOTICE of a Special Membership Meet- these are applied in the recording, retrieval ing called by the Board of Directors has been and dissemination of knowledge and infor- mailed to the voting members of the Asso- mation in areas such as the physical, bio- ciation. The purpose of the meeting is to logical, technical and social sciences and the humanities. amend the "Statement of Objectives" in the (b) To advance and improve the com- Association's Certificate of Incorporation. munication, dissemination and use of such The existing statement dates from SLA's information and knowledge within the original Charter issued in 1928 : meaning of Section JOl(c) (3) of the In- "Said corporation is constituted for the pur- ternal Revenue Code of 1954. pose of promoting the collection, organiza- The laws of the State of New York require tion and dissemination of information, de- approval of such a change at a Membership veloping usefulness and efficiency of special Meeting. The Association's legal counsel libraries and other research organizations, has advised that such approval should be and encouraging the professional welfare of its members." obtained at the earliest possible time when more than a quorum of the membership will The wording of this statement, especially have gathered. the phrase, "encouraging the professional To move as expeditiously as possible in welfare of its members," has resulted in an this matter, the Board decided to call a Spe- Internal Revenue Service classification of cial Membership Meeting instead of waiting SLA along with trade associations, chambers for the June 1970 Annual Business Meeting. of commerce, real estate boards, etc. As a Therefore, the Board has called the meeting result we are considered by IRS to be a at 1 :00 p.m. on Jan 30, 1970 to coincide business league. Other nonprofit associations, with the meeting of the Advisory Council simiIar to SLA, are recognized as educational. and Board at the Regency Hyatt House in The Board of Directors initiated the steps Atlanta (Jan 29-31, 1970). Members of the necessary to revise the "Statement of Ob- Council in attendance will provide both the jectives" in SLA's Charter during an Execu- necessary quorum and will also provide for tive Session of the Board on May 31, 1969. representation from all Chapters and Divi- The new statement reads: sions. the Nurses Library. The Chapter's annual New York's Technical Sciences Group- business meeting is scheduled for Apr 15. On Dec 3 Walter Sullivan, the New York Times Science Editor, discussed "Adventures Boston-A joint meeting of SLA's Boston in Science Reporting." The Chapter's Bio- Chapter and the ASIS New England Chap- logical Sciences Group and the Newspaper ter was held on Dec 9 at the NASA Electronic and News Group also met with the Technical Research Center, Cambridge, Mass. A dinner Sciences Group. at the MIT Faculty Club provided an inter- mission between the afternoon demonstration Pittsburgh-On Nov 20 the Chapter met at of NASA's on-line retrieval system and the ~uquesneUniversity and heard a description evening's talk by Liam Kelly of Inforonics of "Duquesne's Undergraduate Program for on "Impact of MARC 11 on Smaller Libraries." Library Training." Jan 12, 1970 is the date of a meeting at The annual Christmas meeting of the the Simmons College School of Library Sci- Chapter on Dec 10 was a dinner-theatre ence. "Trends in Continuing Education for ?arty at the Pittsburgh Playhouse. Librarians" is the topic for a panel discussion. Princeton-Trenton-On Nov 20, Joseph Illinois-On Nov 12 "Information Science Potterfield, sociologist turned librarian via Programs and Research at Illinois Institute of sociomedical research, spoke on "Why I Technology Research Institute" was the topic Wouldn't Hire a Librarian for the Carter- of a joint afternoon meeting of SLA's Illi- Wallace Laboratories Library." nois Chapter, the ASIS Chicago Chapter, and the Chemical Literature Group of the ACS South Atlantic-On Nov 18 the Chapter Chicago Section. met at the library of the National Communi- The Chapter's annual holiday party with cable Disease Center; the subject of the panel punch, appetizers and gifts was scheduled for discussion was "Is SLA Over-Structured ?" Dec 11. A joint meeting of the Illinois Chap- ter and the Chicago Library Club is scheduled Southern California-The Chapter's annual at Chicago's Furniture Club on Jan 15, 1970. scholarship event and Christmas party was held on Dec 5. A joint meeting with the California Library Association's Southern Minnesota-"Interlibrary Cooperation & In- formation Networks: A Panel Discussion" District is scheduled for Jan 21, 1970. will occupy the Chapter at its Jan 14, 1970 On Mar 24 the Chapter will visit the meeting in St. Paul. Southwest Museum. "Urban Problems: A Panel Discussion" is scheduled for Feb 15, 1970 in Minneapolis. Toronto-On Nov 13 the Chapter met at George Brown College. The Christmas meeting on Dec 4 featured a tour of the new New Jersey-"Expo-70: In the Age of New buildings of the Consumers' Gas Company. Communications Systems" was the Nov 12 A joint meeting of the Toronto Chapter topic of the director of the New York Re- and the Upstate New York Chapter took gional Office of Japan's Expo-70 . . . in place at Welland, Ontario on Oct 25. The Saddle Brook, N.J. Chapters toured the campus of Niagara Col- lege of Applied Arts and Technology. They New York's Biological Sciences & Social heard Gordon Wright describe the develop- Science Groups-A joint meeting on Oct 9 ment of a technical information and library at the Mills College of Education heard semice for education and industry in the Lionel Tiger, author of Men in Groups. County of Hertfordshire (England).

New York's Documentation Group-The Upstate New York-A joint meeting of the seminar on "Current Applications of Mecha- Chapter was held on Nov 14 with the ASIS nization in Documentation" was scheduled Upstate New York Chapter. A round table for Dec 11-12 at the Graduate Center of The discussion considered "The Team Approach City University of New York. to Meet User Information Needs." Wine 'Em, Dine 'Em, & Work 'Em A Dictionary Weekend

William H. Farrington President, Rio Grande Chapter, SLA

AMY VANDERBILT, Perle Mesta and other party givers of renown can move over to the back seat now. We've got one in New Mexico who beats them all, including the late Elsa Maxwell. And who, you ask, is this paragon of party purveyors? Our own Lois Godfrey, that's who. The world lost a great hosteler when she decided to become a librarian. But this is a story where talents in librarianship and in party organizing were combined! Lois is the one who organized and ram. rodded the now famous "Dictionary Week- end" in Los Alamos on Aug 22-24. It was she Chopfer President at Work. In New Mexico- who marshalled the troops and called the they elect you to such a position??? shots-if you will excuse a mixed metaphor- for what may well be a unique editorial ex- d Presidential Opinion periment. But I'm getting ahead of myself. Let us begin at the beginning. She called the Chapter president for his In 1962 SLA published the Rio Grande opinion. "I'll drink to that," was his presi- Chapter's Dictionary of Report Series Codes dential reply. (Helen F. Redman and Lois E. Godfrey, eds. And so, in the words of Sue Mainord, the Compiled by the Report Series Dictionary "Wine 'Em and Dine 'Em" editorial technique Committee, Rio Grande Chapter. N.Y., SLA, was born. Chapter members were notified of 1962. $12.75; now 0.p.). Soon after publica- the project, and 13 were selected to participate tion* it became apparent that a second edition on a first-come, first-served basis. would be needed in the near future but that The Chapter provided lodging in Los Ala- future never got any nearer. For those un- mos for the out-of-towners on Fridav.,, Satur- familiar with the Dictionary it should be ex- day and Sunday. Lunch was a group affair plained that it provides a single source of bib- each day with the Chapter picking up the tab. Each participant was allotted up to five dollars liographic identification by report series codes for dinner and up to five dollars for evening assigned by the issuing organizations (federal entertainment on Friday and Saturday. Morn- agencies and government contractors). ing coffee and rolls and afternoon tea and In 1968 the Chapter hired clerical help to cookies were provided by three Los Alamos assist with the updating but the project was members and friends: Ann Beyer, Jennie Bor- not entirely satisfactory. Helen Redman and ing and Carol Malmberg. Lois Godfrey ruefully admitted that they could On Friday night most of the group had din- see no way to finish the second edition without ner together at the Palace in Santa Fe and at- some knowledgeable helpers. So, there we sat tended a performance of the Santa Fe Theatre with a partially updated second edition, a lot Company (two one-act plays: The Lesson by of money already spent and a long road ahead. Ionesco and Swan Song by Chekhov). On "Why not," said Lois, "have a lot of mem- Saturday night about eight of them were bers up for the weekend; fill them with food, fortunate enough to see the final performance drink and entertainment at night; and work of Tosca at the Santa Fe Opera (since men- the pants off of them during the day?" tioned as one of the finest performances of Tosra ever seen), while the rest had a rip- * 1500 copies have been sold by the Association, roaring time at Tiffany's Saloon in Cerrillos. and the Rio Grande Chapter has received about Oh, yes, there was swimming before lunch at $3,600 in royalties from SLA. the Barranca Mesa pool. b What Did All This Accomplish? King, Sue Mainord, Helen Redman, Gladys From 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. for three days the Rowe, Eleanor Standring, and Virginia Win- group worked.* And how they worked! In- sor. Others in the Chapter volunteered their dexes were checked and cross-checked. IBM services but there wasn't room to fit them in. cards were interfiledf and the old files revised Behind-the-scenes helpers included Ann Beyer, according to the new rules. This was called Friday lunch-bringer and card table-and-type- idiot work and for some reason was given to writer-gatherer-and-mover-extraordinaire, and the Chapter president. His psychiatrist reports Gretchen Schuch and Carol Malmberg, who that he is now doing well and is almost over provided us with ice cubes and iced tea and his paranoia. Lois Godfrey's basement play- the insulated cups we used for tea and coffee. room became one vast assembly line, and the Janet Godfrey, editor-in-training, saw to the 13 special special librarians plugged away at warm doughnuts and coffee cake each morning what on the surface appeared to be clerical and cookies in the afternoon, in addition to tasks, but were in reality rather complicated helping with checking Nuclear Science Ab- jobs. strncts. Marge Johnson stayed overtime on We learned a lot during the weekend. First, Sunday to help with straightening up. The 38 we learned that we were not going to finish drawers of IBM cards remain in the Godfreys' in three days-and we didn't. But, we made basement, waiting to be taken to the next meet- a dent in the mass and hope to do more work ing, where everyone can help with the grand later. We also learned that the idea is a good refiling project necessitated by a change in one and our members can be used to good ad- filing rules. vantage in such projects. The money expended on food and entertainment would have bought A Daring Experiment with Results very little clerical help and certainly not of Everyone connected with this experiment the quality and quantity we had. The cost to can take pride in the achievement. We did not the Chapter was about $300 for some 300 man- accomplish all we set out to do, but the hours of professional effort.$ groundwork was laid and we have a better The stalwarts who gave up a precious week- idea of where we are going. Perhaps it will end to sit inside and go slowly blind poring start a new trend in Chapter programs-The over pages of printouts were: Marti Bogdan, Wine 'Em, Dine 'Em and Work 'Em Weekend. Calla Ann Crepin, Bill Farrington, Art Freed, Lois Godfrey, Marge Johnson, Jack Key, Mary Bill Farrington is head of the Southwest and Rarebook Collection at the New Mexico State * Yes-but-that swimming pool before lunch? -ED. Library, Santa Fe. It has been reported that he t By hand ? ? ?-ASST. ED. gave a series of farewell theatricd perforrn- $ Don't report this in the 1970 Salary Survey! anres during the 1969 Sanfa Fe Fiesta Melo- -ASST. TO THE ASST.ED. drama. MEMBERS IN THE NEWS

Nancy Ann Brown . . . from Canadian Meteoro- H. Robert Malinowsky . . . from Science and logical Service, University of Toronto to librarian Engineering Libraries to Assistant Director for of the Douglas Library at Queen's University at Science and Engineering at the University of Kan- Kingston, Ontario. sas. Lawrence, Kans. He has recently been elected president of the Geoscience Information Society Carl F. Cannon, Jr., . . . elected chairman of the for 1970. Virginia Library Association's Special Libraries Section.

Ciel M. Carter . . . from manager of the information center at the Association for Computing Machinery, N.Y. to executive secretary of ACM.

Paul Di Mauro, editor of the Publishing Division Bulletin, has been appointed librarian of the En- cyclopaedia Britannica's Ultramicrofiche Library of American Civilization.

William Fisher spoke on the history of the laying of the first and second Trans-Atlantic cables to the Hamilton Square (N.J.) Chapter of the Interna- John H. Moriarty, Director of Libraries and the r~onalRotary Clubs. Audio Visual Center, Purdue University . . . hon- ored at a recognition dinner on Dec 4 upon his Gilles Frappier . . . from Canadair Limited, Mon- approaching retirement after 25 years of service to treal to Directeur des Bibliotheques scientifiques, Purdue. Mr. Moriarty has been a member of SLA LTniversite de MontrCal, Quebec. since 1924; he served as president of the Indiana Chapter in 1947/48. George H. Ginader participated in a panel discussion of the 1969 Conference of the Association G. Richard Myers . . . from DASA Information of Records Executives & Administrators (AREA) ; & Analysis Center, General Electric Company, other panelists included representatives of AMA, Santa Barbara to reference librarian at General Dy- ARMA, and the Society for the Advancement of namics, Convair Division Library, San Diego. Management. Carlos Nelson . . . to head of Acquisitions De- Mrs. Oda Bali Hansen . . . from American Ex- partment, Drexel Institute of Technology Libraries press Investment Management Company to librar- from Alcan Jamaica Ltd. ian at the San Francisco home office of Fireman's Fund American Insurance Companies. Glendon T. Odell . . . from Cities Service Re- search & Development Co., Cranbury, N.J. to Pad Howard, executive secretary of the Federal Princeton University as Assistant University Li- Library Committee since 1966, will retire on Feb brarian for Science and Technology. 6, 1970. Mr. Howard had been librarian of the U.S. Department of the Interior for 17 years, and Mary Wilhelmina Oliver . . . to professor of li- had been director of ALA's Washington Office brary science at the University of North Carolina from 1945 to 1949. His successor as executive at Chapel Hill; she continues as law librarian and secretary of FLC will be Frank Kurt Cylke, who professor of law on this joint appointment. has been branch chief in the USOE Library and Information Sciences Research Program. Jean Orpwood, president-elect of the Toronto Chapter, is now periodicals librarian for the Legis- Donna Ivy . . . from Canadian General Electric lative Library for the Province of Ontario. to librarian, Consumers' Gas Company, Toronto. Dr. Donald E. Rady . . . to associate professor Chester M. Lewis has been named to a new po- at the Graduate Library School, University of sition, Director of Archives of The New York Rhode Island, Kingston, R.I. time^; he will also head a related program of oral history. Mr. Lewis was formerly chief librarian of Valentine Schmidt, librarian of the Ringling Mu- The Times; in 1955/56 he was President of SLA, seum of Art, Sarasota, Fla., organized an exhibit of He is also a director of the Microfilming Corpora- 16th, 17th and 18th century books with major tion of America, a Times subsidiary. emphasis on the Baroque period. The exhibition was in the new wing galleries of the museum dur- Kathryn S. Forrest . . . from head librarian of ing November. the Bio-Agricultural Library to Assistant Univer- sity Librarian for the Sciences at the University of Rose Vormelker spoke on "Responsibility of the California, Riverside. Elizabeth H. Weeks . . . Public Library to Serve Commerce and Industry" from the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, at the Milwaukee Public Library's inservice train- Cambridge, Mass. to the Monographs Department ing seminar on Nov 12; Miss Vormelker is as- of the Riverside campus library. sistant professor of library science at Kent State University. Jackson Cohen . . . to science librarian of the Pratt Institute Library, Brooklyn, from the Science Dr. Paul Wasserman has tendered his resignation and Industry Department of the Public Library of as dean of the School of Library and Information Cincinnati and Hamilton County. Mrs. Nancy Services, University of Maryland, effective with the Hanssen . . . promoted to head of Pratt's Library end of the 1969/70 academic year, in order to Science library. resume full-time teaching as a professor in the school. Discussion leaders at the Military Librarians Work- shop at the Naval War College, Newport, R.I. Elizabeth Watson . . . from the Legislative Li- were: Mrs. Cleo S. Cason (Redstone Arsenal, brary, Toronto to the Ontario Department of Social Ala.), Catherine R. Hetrick (AFOSR, Washing- and Family Services Library. ton, D.C.), Steven Jaffe (Naval Applied Science Laboratory, Brooklyn), Mrs. Carolyn J. Kmse Robert L. Martin, chief of the technical library (Naval Weapons Center, China Lake, Calif .) , at the U.S. Army Natick Laboratories, Natick, Robert B. Lane (Air University Library, Maxwell Mass., retired on Oct 31 after 25 years of govern- AFB, Ala.), A. Elizabeth Schwartz (Army Li- ment service. Eugene G. Beary has been ap- brary Program, Washington, D.C.), and Egon A. pointed acting chief. Weiss (US. Military Academy, West Point).

Jane Wilson . . . appointed administrative assist- The Hospital Librarians Section of the Association ant to the director of the Library of Medical Sci- of Western Hospitals has elected Mrs. Brigitta M. ences, University of Illinois Medical Center, Chi- Vadasz (Children's Hospital, San Francisco) as cago; she recently returned from a six-month visit secretary of the section, Mrs. Elizabeth T. Hinkle to South America. Lorraine Ciboch, formerly li- (University of Arizona Medical Library, Tucson) brarian for Bell and Howell Co., Chicago, joined as a liaison officer, and Sherry Terzian (Neuro- the staff of the Library of Medical Sciences in Mar psychiatric Institute of the State of California at 1969 as automation librarian. UCLA) as a member of the advisory board.

In Memoriam

George H. Goodwin, librarian of the American pher, had retired from the Library of Congress on Museum of Natural History, N.Y. . . . in Sep Feb 20, 1969 after more than 44 years of federal 1969. An SLA member since 1961. library service. An SLA member since 1954.

Wanda Mae Johnson, director of the U.S. De- Sophia Josephine Lammers . . . on May 22, 1969 partment of Commerce Library, Washington, D.C. in Des Moines, Washington. Miss Lammers re- . . . on Sep 8, 1969 after a short illness. She had tired from the Joseph SchafTner Library of Com- been chief librarian, U.S. Office of Price Adminis- merce, Northwestern University in 1941; she had tration; assistant librarian, U.S. Treasury Depart- joined the staff there in 1928. A Vice President ment; loan assistant of the US. Agricultural Eco- of SLA in 1932/33. nomics Library; and loan assistant of the National Agricultural Library. An SLA member since 1944. Lucy A. Schotter (Mrs. Raymond J.) . . . on Sep 6, 1969 in Palatine, Illinois. She had been li- Richard S. Ladd . . . on Oct 3, 1969 of a heart brarian for the Middle West Service Company, attack in St. Johnsbury, Vermont. Mr. Ladd, a dis- Chicago for the past 19 years. An SLA member tinguished reference librarian and carto-bibliogra- since 1956. vistas

HAVE YOU HEARD ?

News from LC Council of National Library Associations The Geography and Map Division of The 1968/69 officers of CNLA have LC has moved to a rental building at 845 been re-elected to serve in 1969/70, Chair- S. Pickett St., Alexandria, Va. The reloca- man of the Council is Mrs. Helen Brown tion was necessary because of the accelerated Schmidt (executive secretary, Medical Li- growth of the library's collections and the braries Association) ; vice chairman, Dr. delays in the construction of LC's projected Frank E. McKenna (editor, Special Librar- James Madison Memorial Building. ies) ; and secretary-treasurer, Mrs. Mary C. New hours have been announced by LC Hatch (coordinator, N.Y. Public Library, beginning Nov 17. Most of the business Central Circulation Branch). offices will observe an 8:00 a.m.-4:30 p.m. Trustees of CNLA are Alice D. Ball (ex- schedule. The Main Reading Room will be ecutive director, USBE) ; Margaret Kinney open 8 :30 a.m.-9:30 p.m. Monday through (librarian, VA Hospital, Bronx, N.Y.) ; Friday; 8 :30 a.m.-5 :00 p.m. Saturday ; and Rev. James J. Kortendick (head, Dept. of 1-5 p.m. Sunday and holidays. Readers are Library Science, Catholic University of Amer- advised to call LC's Information Office about ica) ; and Roger H. McDonough (director, new schedules: 202/ST3-0400, ext. 605. N.J. State Library). The semi-annual meeting of CNLA on Dec 5, 1969 in N.Y. was-attended by 24 National Agricultural Library Moves representatives of the 11 constituent associ- NAL has moved into its new building ations. SLA's representatives to CNLA are on the grounds of the Agricultural Research Robert W. Gibson, Jr. and George H. Gin- Center, Beltsville, Md. The building faces ader. U.S. 1 at Beltway Exit 27 North. The library's collection of 1.3 million volumes is ASIDIC now housed in the upper nine stories of a The Association of Scientific Informa- 15 story tower. A teletypewriter with answer- tion Dissemination Centers has been formed back code has been installed to improve ser- by a group of information centers represent- vices to out-of-town patrons. ing universities, not-for-profit and industrial organizations. Two grades of membership, Baker Street Irregulars Full and Associate, are available. Scientific The Sub-Librarian Scion Society of Information Dissemination Centers whose the Baker Street Irregulars meets at the ALA operations are computer-based, that process Conferences. Librarians, who are disciples of data bases from two or more suppliers, and Sherlock Holmes but who are unable to at- that search a minimum of 100 user interest tend ALA meetings, have proposed an alter- profiles are eligible for Full membership. nate solution. Readers who are interested in Contact the chairman of the Organizing the exploits of Sherlock Holmes will meet Committee: Eugene S. Schwartz, IIT Re- informally during SLA's Detroit Conference search Institute, 10 W. 35th St., Chicago to discuss the formation of such a group 60616. within SLA. Contact: Jeremiah Post, curator of the Map Collection, Free Library of Phila- Theatre Library Association delphia, Logan Square, Philadelphia 19103 ; Nominations for the 1969 George 215/MU6-5397. Freedley Memorial Award are invited ; the award plaque will be presented in Spring Nov 10-12, 1969 in Atlantic City in con- 1970. The award honors a work in the field junction with the meetings of the Geological of theatre published in the U.S. Nominations Society of America. must be in the hands of the jury by Jan 15, Volume 1 (1969) of the Proceedings of 1970. Jury chairman is Prof. Robert H. Ball, the Geoscience Information Society has been 11 N. Washington St., Port Washington, published. The volume presents papers pre- N.Y. 11051. sented during the society's first meeting ( 1966 in San Francisco) and second meeting CASLIS ( 1967 in New Orleans). Send orders and The Canadian Association of Special checks for $2.00 to: Geoscience Information Libraries and Information Services has grown Society, c/o American Geological Institute, from the Research and Special Libraries Sec- 2201 M St.NW, Washington, D.C. 20037. tion of CLA. CASLIS retains its place under the umbrella of the parent CLA. The name ALA Bulletin : New Name and Format change and constitution, adopted at CLA's The Dec 1969 issue (v.63, 110.11) meeting in Jun 1969, constitute a further step will be the last issue of the ALA Bulletin. in becoming the spokesman for Canadian Like the Bulletin, the new publication, Amer- special librarians in national affairs. CASLIS ican Libraries, will be the official organ of President Elaine R. Harrington (Dept. of the American Library Association. Gerald R. Consumer and Corporate Affairs, 2 19 Laurier Shields continues as editor. Ave.W., Ottawa 4) has indicated the CAS- LIS desire to continue liaison through SLA's AFIPS JCC Proceedings in Microform Montreal and Toronto Chapters and by co- All proceedings of the SJCC and operation on all levels. FJCC from Spring 1951 through Fall 1969 are available on microfilm and/or microfiche. New CAIS Journal Complete films for v.1-35 (1951-69) are The Canadian Association of Infor- available at $150; fiche of v.3 1-35 are avail- mation Science has announced that the first able at $10 per volume. Address orders to: issue of its new quarterly publication, Infor- AFIPS, 210 Summit Ave., Montvale, N.J. mation Science in Canada, will appear in Jan 07645. 1970. Subscriptions are $3.00 to CAIS members, and $5.00 to nonmembers. Publisher's Architectural Micro Images in Color address : Pendragon House, 7 1 Bathurst St., The first elements of the new IDAC Toronto. system (Instant Data Access Control) are being distributed to more than 1,000 archi- Geoscience Information Society tectural firms. Color images have outstanding GIs begins its 5th year as an inde- fidelity as well as textural and dimensional pendent nonprofit professional society with effects due to a special process, called Spectra- more than 200 members. The society's basic Scan. Write: National Design Center, 415 objective is to promote information exchange E. 53rd St., N.Y. 10022. in the geosciences through its members (earth scientists, librarians, documentalists, editors NMA's Journal of Micrographics and other information specialists). Member- The National Microfilm Association ship is open to any who is working has restyled and renamed its quarterly publi- at the professional level in the area of the cation. The journal's name was changed "in- geosciences and who is interested in the pur- dicating a broader scope of interest among pose of the society. Personal dues are $10; the profession." The Journal of Micrograph- institutional dues are $25. Request applica- ics is free to members of NMA as a part of tion forms from: Marjorie W. Wheeler, Sec- their membership dues. Address inquiries to: retary GIs, 5775 Viking Dr., Beaumont, NMA, P.O. Box 386, Annapolis, Md. 21404. Texas 77706. A recent survey conducted by NMA indi- The Fourth Annual Convention of the cates that a "film explosion" is in the making Geoscience Information Society was held on as a result of efforts to control the paperwork explosion created by increasing demands for ance for dependents) ; support can be con- data from computers. More than 1,000 COM tinued for 3-4 years. Contact: Prof. Albert (Computer-Output-Microfilm) recorders will H. Rubenstein, IE/MS Dept., Room 2744, be in operation by the end of 1970 as com- Technological Institute, Northwestern Uni- pared to about 300 COM's in use at this versity, Evanston, Illinois. time. By 1975 forecasts predict 6,000 to 12,- 000 COM recorders in operation. Library Assistantships The University of Florida Libraries Ultrafiche Libraries offer a number of graduate assistantships for National Cash Register Company has the academic year 1970/71. These are pri- announced comprehensive collections of gen- marily for practicing professional librarians eral reference material on PCMI ultrafiche; interested in study leading to a master's or the material includes that which is largely doctoral degree in a subject field other than out of print and mostly out of copyright. library science. Stipends for a nine-month Five initial packages cover : American Civili- work-study period are $2,574; 15 hours of zation, Science and Technology, Social Sci- library duty per week are required. Request ences, Humanities and Literature, and Gov- forms from: Director of Libraries, Univer- ernment Publications. Additional packages sity of Florida, Gainesville 32601. Formal will cover Law, Medicine, Religion, Physics applications must be submitted by Feb 15, and Chemistry. Cost of the service is about 1970. $400 a month including the ultrafiche reader. Contact: NCR, Dayton, Ohio 45409. Interdisciplinary Management Training The School of Library Science and the Preservation Proceedings School of Public Administration, USC are "Deterioration and Preservation of developing a new program, "Health-Sciences Library Materials" was the topic of the 34th Information Systems Management Training." Annual Conference of the Graduate Library A grant of $246,000 has been received from School, University of Chicago on Aug 4-6, the National Library of Medicine. The co- 1969. The full proceedings will be published operative program leads to a two-year Mas- in the Jan 1970 issue of Library Quarterly. ter's degree in either Library Science or Hard bound copies will be available later Public Administration with a minor in the from the University of Chicago Press. alternate field. Request applications for the 1970 Fall Term from: Dean, School of Li- Students on Michigan Curriculum brary Science, University of Southern Cali- Committee fornia, University Park, Los Angeles 90007. Dr. Russell E. Bidlack, dean of the University of Michigan's newly designated Extension Course in Abstracting School of Library Science, has appointed a The UCLA Library School will offer Student/Faculty Curriculum Committee. Two a new course, Practical Abstracting, during candidates for the master's degree and two the 1970 Winter Quarter. The class will meet doctoral students were designated as well as on six successive Saturdays (Jan 17-Feb 21) four faculty members. Professor Rose Vain- from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. The course fee is stein is the committee chairman for 1969/70. $60. Professor Robert L. Collison is the instructor in charge; other instructors are Har- Biomedical Communication Research old Borko, Louise Darling, and Mrs. Johanna The Organization Theory Program in Tallman. Apply to: Graduate School of Li- the Department of Industrial Engineering brary Service, University of California, Los and Management Sciences, Northwestern Uni- Angeles 90024. versity has announced support for three pre- doctoral trainees. The trainees will engage in Expo 70 Library Tour research on biomedical communication meth- A tour which includes Expo 70 in ods and processes. Support for each trainee Osaka, Japan and major Japanese cities, cul- is $2,400 for the academic year (plus allow- tural centers, and libraries is scheduled for DECEMBER1969 Jun 24-Jul 14, 1970. The tour will be con- have been rewritten for the IBM 360/50. ducted by Thomas R. Buckman and Theo- PHILSOM(Periodical Holdings in the Library dore F. Welch of the Northwestern Uni- of the School of Medicine) was originally versity Library and Allen B. Veaner of the designed for the IBM 1401. Copies of the Stanford University Libraries. For further in- revised documentation are available at cost, formation write to: Thomas R. Buckman, $7.50 per copy. Address orders to: Washing- 624 Noyes St., Evanston, Illinois 60201. ton University, School of Medicine Library, 4580 Scott Ave., St. Louis, Mo. 63110. Rare Irish Books Persons interested in catalogs of International Standardization "Rare Books of Irish Interest" are invited to IFLA International Manual no. 4, write to John Feehan, Rare Books and An- International Standardization of Library Sta- tiques, 109 Marlborough Rd., Donnybrook, tistics, was published in Dec 1968. Price: $7 Dublin, Ireland. (incldg. postage). Send checks payable to IFLA to: IFLA Committee on Statistics, c/o Canadian Union List F. W. Torrington, Room 419, Sanctuary Buildings, Gt. Smith St., London SW 1. The third edition of the Union List of Scientific Serials in Canadian Libraries (as Serials at University of Rochester of May 1969) is now available. More than 40,000 titles and 208 reporting libraries are The two-volume Union List of Serials included. Price: $30 hard bound. Orders to: -Edzlcation, Science, Medicine-in the Lj- National Science Library, National Research braries of the University of Rochester (as of Council of Canada, Ottawa 7, Canada. Oct 15, 1968) are available at $10 per set. Orders to: University of Rochester Library, Evaluation of IBM System/3 Information Systems Office, River Campus Station, Rochester, N.Y. 14627. A preliminary evaluation of the new small scale system, the IBM System/3, is in Los Angeles Public Library the latest supplement to Azrerbach Standard EDP Reports. For further information con- Los Angeles City Librarian Harold tact: Auerbach Info, Inc., 121 N. Broad St., Louis Harnill and his chief assistant, Kather- Philadelphia 19107. ine Laich, have resigned to join the faculty of the School of Library Science, University of Computer-Based Reference Services Southern California in Feb 1970. On Aug 13, 1969 the L.A. Library Commission had A compilation of machine-readable voted to remove all copies of Evergreen Re- data bases in science and technology has been view from the open shelves for three months compiled by ALA's Reference Services Di- "to protect them from theft and mutilation." vision. For each agency there are listed the A city councilman had asked the commission characteristics of the data base, the equipment to order removal of the Jun 1968 issue of the configuration, and the file use. Price: $1.50 magazine because a woman constituent had prepaid, and $2.50 if billed. Orders to: ALA complained of "a very dirty story." Reference Services Division, 50 E. Huron St., SLA's Southern California Chapter adopted Chicago 6061 1. a resolution for delivery to the Los Angeles City Library Commission to protest the Philsom Documentation abridgement of the right of free and unre- The Washington University School stricted access to the open shelves of the pub- of Medicine Library's computer programs lic library. COMING EVENTS

Dec 18-20. Computer and Information Sci- Mar 1-4. Conference on Historical and ence (COINS-69),Third International Svm- Bibliographical Methods in Library Re- posium . . . at the Americana Hotel, Bal se~rch. . . at the Champaign-Urbana cam- Harbour, Fla. Contact: W. R. D. Nickelson, pus of the University of Illinois. Write: Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Univ. of Conference Supervisor, 116 Illini Hall, Cham- Florida, Gainesville 32601. paign, Illinois 61820.

Jan 18-20, 1970. Drug Information for the Apr 12-18. National Library Week. Two LMedical Profession, a symposium coordi- themes for 1970: "Reading Is for Every- nated by the Drug Information Association body" and "Read-Look-Listen in Your Li- . . . at the Marriott Twin Bridges Motor brary." For promotion aids, write: NLW, Hotel, Washington, D.C. For information: One Park Ave., N.Y. 10016. Paul De Haen, Paul De Haen, Inc., I I W. -thd St., N.Y. 10036. Apr 20. Hospital Librarians Section, Asso- ciation of Western Hospitals . . . in San Jan 26-28. Technoiogical Change in Print- Francisco. ing and Publishing, an institute of the Ameri- can University . . . at the Hospitality House Motor Inn, Jefferson Davis Highway, Arling- Apr 28-May 1. National Microfilm Asso- ton, Va. For information: Lowell H. Hattery, ciation . . . at the Hilton Hotel and Shera- Center for Technology and Administration, ton Palace, San Francisco. Theme: "Info- McKinley Bldg., The American University, graphics." For information: NMA, P.O. Box Washington, D.C. 20016. 386, Annapolis, Md. 21404.

Jan 19-24. ALA, Midwinter Meeting, Chi- lMay 5-7. SJCC (Spring Joint Computer cago. Conference) . . . at Convention Hall, At- lantic City, N.J. Theme: "The Computer: Jan 29-31. SLA, Board of Directors and Ad- Gathering Force of the Seventies." General visory Council, Regency Hyatt House, At- chairman: Harry L. Cooke, David Sarnoff lanta, Georgia. Research Center, RCA, Princeton, N.J.

A Fatal Injury in a Compact Stack Installation

A FATAL accident was reported in the Oa about 30 ft. apart. The stacks are opened and 1968 issue of the 112formation Bulletin of the closed by operation of a key. Verwaltungsberufgenossenschaft.* The inci- The victim had opened the aisle for the dent is reported to have happened as follows. twelfth range; thus 23 ranges had been The installation consists of 35 stack ranges moved. The entry to this aisle was narrow be- which can be closed against one another. For cause of the structural column at the twelfth considerations of safety, the installation is range. After using the material in the stacks, accessible from only one side. On this side the person activated the mechanism by means there are a number of structural columns of the key at the twelfth range. After the stacks had begun to move, she remembered * Reported in Mitteilung~blatt Verband der that she had forgotten something and again Bibliotheken de~Lande~ Nordrhein-We~tfalen went into the aisle without turning off the n.s. 19: (no.2) 145-46 (Apr 1969) ; originally published in Der Unfallruf (Oct 1968) by Ver- mechanism. She apparently believed that waltungsberufgenossenschaft, Uberseering 8, she would have time to leave the aisle before 2 Hamburg 39, Germany. the stacks had completely closed. She appar- DECEMBER1969 ently had not noticed that the aisle was it is necessary that adequate free space be blocked by the column soon after the stacks allowed around such movable stack installa- had begun to move. The moving ranges tions. Libraries and bookstores with movable pressed her against the column so that she compact stacks should determine whether was so severely injured that she died as a re- architectural features (columns, pedestals, sult of the accident. Apparently, she panicked protruding walls, etc.) are sources of hazards. on realizing her dangerous position and did A working report is available free from the not attempt to deactivate the mechanism. Verwaltungsberufgenossenschaft. Its title is If a sense of false security is to be avoided, "Machine Driven Stacks or Cabinets."

Information Hang-ups Some Suggestions for DDC and the Clearinghouse

Ruth S. Smith

DURING the summer of 1969, a group of the documents when payment had to be made to "top 200" users of the Defense Documentation the CFSTI before documents would be sup- Center (DDC) from the area of Greater plied by DDC, because the Clearinghouse Washington, D.C. met in a series of informal already was in the business of collecting and unofficial meetings to discuss mutual prob- money. However, this appeared to be a cum- lems encountered in dealing with the suppliers bersome and time-consuming step in the proof report literature, notably DDC and the cedure. Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Tech- In our experience at IDA we found that nical Information (CFSTI) . microfiche copies were received quite quickly, Three exploratory meetings, a user survey, within one or two weeks from the date of and studies by work committees resulted in a order, while hard copies took much longer, report: Information Hung-Ups; Problems En- sometimes four to six weeks, to come in. iounrered by Users of the Technicul Informa- We felt the pressure toward a greater use tion Services Offered by DDC and CFSTI, of microforms for many reasons. Our vault u'ith Recommendutions for the Future (pub- was filled almost to capacity and we needed lished by IDA, Arlington, Va., for the Com- space. The research staff had expressed real mittee of DDC Users in the Greater Wash- concern that older documents (especially those ington, D.C. Area, Sep 1969). impossible to replace or difficult to obtain in A "confrontation" was subsequently ar- the first place) would be destroyed to make ranged with the directors of the two services. room for newer documents coming in. The acquisition of microfiche appeared to be not BACKGROUND only practical but quite desirable from the library's point of view. On Jul 1, 1968 the Defense Documentation Since documents in microform also have an Center changed its previous policy of providing impact on the way the research man does his copies of reports free of charge to the defense work, an ad hoc committee of research staff community. DDC instituted a $3 charge for members was brought together to study the hard copy (paper) while continuing to supply use of documents in microform and to gauge microfiche copy free of charge. An added step user acceptance. This committee concluded that was put into the procurement of classified the library (because of space problems) certainly should have microfiche for file, but Mrs. Smith ir head librarian at the Institute for they, the users, still preferred hard copy. Fur- Defense Analyses, Arlington, Virginia. The con- ther, they wanted the hard copy quickly. I-lusions and suggestions presented in this article are offered by the author and her associates and do Microfiche readers were brought in for the not net-essarily represent the ziiews of the com- review and evaluation by the research staff. pauies or government agencies by which they are The availability of microfiche printers for in- employed. house use was investigated. A proposal was made to our management recommending equip- tributed at the first meeting- to initiate discus- ment and internal procedures which would sion and to accumulate facts about individual allow us to obtain microfiche copy whenever information operations. it was available and be able to print hard copy The first meeting was held on Jun 24, 1969 in-house on demand. at IDA. We aired complaints, discussed prob- In the meantime, we began to order micro- lems, and decided that as a group of users we fiche for the users who would use it (two could, and should, provide feedback to DDC readers already were available in one of the and CFSTI. divisions), and we paid the $3 for hard copy Several users stated that they had converted for those readers who would not use fiche. to microform in part and were printing hard Also, we began to order microform to replace copy of individual pages or entire short docu- hard copy of documents already in file. ments. Several said they had received microfiche Before long, the problems of bookkeeping documents with sheets improperly assembled, and billing, slow receipt of hard copy, frustra- duplicate sheets, missing sheets, or, on occa- tions with rush orders, and others added to the sion, erratic combinations of sheets. Others had newer problems of marking, processing, filing difficulty with marking microforms, particu- and transmitting security classified microforms. larly when the security classification was to be In Jun 1969, my assistant and I attended downgraded. One said he had no microform the SLA Conference in Montreal. Over dinner in his collection and did not intend to acquire and in casual conversations, we heard expres- any. sions of discontent from more than one user Someone suggested that one master index to of DDC, which led us to believe our problems all government publications would be of more certainly were not unique. value than the smaller indexes now available. Early in June, I sent a letter to 31 facilities All agreed that the index to CFSTI's U.S. Gov- in the area of Greater Washington, D.C. ernment Research and Development Reports (stretching the point to include Dahlgren, Vir- (L'SGRDR) was most difficult to use. ginia and Baltimore, Maryland) who were Several reported that the CFSTI deposit ac- listed, at the time the charge was imposed, count statements were confusing and often in among the "Top 200 Users of DDC Technical error. Most objected to the $3 charge for hard Report Service." The purpose stated in the copy and felt somehow that they were paying letter was to attend "an exploratory meeting twice for the documents. For example, if a to discuss sources of information, especially user produces a document and sends it to the problems that we have encountered in the DDC, he must pay $3 to obtain a hard copy past year, ways that we have coped with these for his own use. The payment procedure cre- problems, the resultant impact on our own in- ated problems and costs in bookkeeping, pro- formation systems, and possible recommenda- cessing, and response time. tions or action that could be taken as a group Closing the field offices of DDC created in- to apply pressure to improve the system." t he convenience for the users. Difficulties were ex- date chosen was prior to the FIT/DDC Users' perienced with "urgent" request service, either Conference to be held at the Florida Institute in getting no response or an apparently rude of Technology, Melbourne, Florida on Jul 2-3, reply. Discussion indicated that expedite service 1969. can be arranged best on a personal basis Response was prompt and interested as 27 of through known individuals. In other words, the 31 facilities indicated a desire to partici- the established DDC setup for urgent service pate. Some were interested in the results, al- is sometimes so unresponsive that users find though they could not send a representative; ways to bypass it. and 21 facilities actually took part. Forty-five Bill Plant of the Naval Air Systems Com- representatives eventually attended one or mand's Technical Library Division reminded more of three exploratory meetings. the group that it would do no good merely to "beat DDC over the head," and we determined to maintain a positive approach. The draft questionnaire was accepted as an immediate Aware that unstructured meetings easily fall means of assembling facts in regard to our apart unless there is some specific goal in mind, own operations which could be used to back and with the help of our own library staff, I up recommendations: the group would meet prepared a draft questionnaire designed to again after the findings had been tabulated. "define mutual problems and needs, pinpoint Mrs. Ruth R. McCullough of Westinghouse problem areas, assemble statistics and recom- Defense and Space Center's Technical Infor- mend acthn." The questionnaire was dis- mation Center indicated she was planning to attend the Florida Users' Conference the fol- and amended to reflect the views of the ma- lowing week. She was commissioned to speak jority. The chaitmen of the individual commit- for the group while there and report back at tees were to work with me to assemble and the next meeting. edit our final product, the report already men- The second users' meeting was held on Jul tioned in this paper. The Foreword of the re- 24, 1969 at IDA. Data from the question- port summarizes how and why the meetings naires had been received from 18 facilities. were initiated. The recommendations made in (Some apologized, explaining that they were the report are summarized as follon.~,together told by their managements they could not com- with a listing of committee members: plete the form because this was not an "official" request for information.) Don Eising of I) Abstract Bulletins and Indexes. Stand- IBM's Federal Systems Center summarized ardize CFSTI's U. S. Government Research the results, some of which follow: and Development Reports (USGRDR) and DDC's Technicdl Abstract Bulletin (TAB), Mutunl Problems and Needs. Of eight stated preferably following the format and editorial problems no single one stood out as the most policy of the latter. [Lorna Moore (Chairman), important; all were fairly equally distributed. TRW Systems; Regina Nellor, IDA; Mae Impact of Jul I, 1968, Decision on Order- Preston, TRW Systems; and Frank Reilly, ing. The majority ordered the format their Dept. of Transportation, Coast Guard] users requested and, in most cases, the $3 2) Standardization of SDI Categories. Coor- charge did not reduce the number of docu- dinate subject categories used in DDC's Group ments ordered. Announcement Bulletin (GAB), CFSTI's Clear- Pre.rent Equipment in Use. The Filmac 400 inghouse Announcements in Science and Tech- reader/printer is the most common type used. nology (CAST), and NASA's SCANTOPICS There is a wide difference in the number of so a field of interest profile for selective dis- portable readers in each facility. One reported semination of information (SDI) can be de- no microform equipment at all. veloped from one selection of terms. [Cathryn Rating of Quality of Copies from DDC and C. Lyon (Chairman), Naval Weapons Lab; CFSTI. The range was wide. Government and Kay Campbell, Control Data Corp.] agencies appeared to be more satisfied with 3) Field Office Viewing Facilities. Re-estab- quality than government contractors. (Two lish a DDC Field Office, or equivalent viewing responded, "No, we're not satisfied. It is just facilities, in the area of Greater Washington, one of the lesser evils and we have learned to D.C. where users can scan documents. [Ruth R. live with it.") McCullough, Westinghouse Defense and Space U.rer Acceptance of Microforms. There still Center] seems to be no love lost on microforms from 4) Acquisition Procedures. Provide user-ori- the point of view of the user. Research staff entation with fuller instructions; re-design must be convinced-but management must be DDC Form 1 to provide multiple copies and convinced first. Westinghouse has created a the use of window envelopes; and identify special microform reading room with carpet- more clearly items included in CFSTI billings. ing, soft blue lights and attractive decor to [Kay Campbell (Chairman), CDC; Paula encourage user acceptance of microforms. Strain, Booz-Allen Applied Research, Inc.; and Lucille Achauer, Naval Ship Systems Com- Mrs. McCullough reported on the Florida mand.] DDC Users' Conference. After listening to 5) DDC Users' Survey. Eliminate CFSTI as discussions of reestablishing field office facili- a middleman between the user and DDC; im- ties, ordering documents and urgent requests, prove expedite service for urgently required the Clearinghouse as money collector, etc., she documents from DDC; provide free hard cop- came away with the conviction that our group ies; and reduce the number of limited docu- certainly is the micro-image of DDC users all ments by reviewing and changing policy on over the country. Specific complaints, she said, limitations. [Donald C. Eising (Chairman), accompanied by constructive suggestions will IBM Corporation; Dorothy B. Lear, CDC; have the best chance of getting action. Joanne Lappin, Naval Ship Research & Devel- With this in mind, we appointed committees opment Center; and Walter Templeman, God- to consider areas of general concern and to dard Space Flight Center.] produce positive suggestions for group consideration at the next meeting. The third meeting was held on Aug 19, I delivered copies of the reports to Dr. Rob- 1969. The committee reports were discussed ert Stegmaier, Jr., Administrator of DDC, and Mr. Hugh Sauter, Director of CFSTI, and in- ments in USGRDR. Stegmaier said he was go- vited both to meet with the users' group. ing to be the "Devil's Advocate" and pointed Thirty-eight people attended the meeting out that both TAB and USGRDR were desig- held at IDA on Sep 23. Both administrators nated to serve as announcement bulletins to brought their deputies with them. A few visi- technical users rather than retrospective search tors who were not a part of the users' group tools for librarians. (Why, then, issue annual asked if they might attend and did. Col. Currie cun~ulations?) S. Downie, Director of the Office of Scientific Sauter said it is possible that the USGRDR and Technical Information, Office of Aero- has changed so it now is being used as a retro- space Research, was invited as a result of spective searching tool. He hopes to discover COSAXJ'n timely plea for user feedback. its current use in a series of seminar meetings ("COSATI Asks . . . Do You Get Real Bene- to be held with users around the country. fits from Government Information?" Defense These meetings will attempt to get input on Documentation Center Digest, no. 38, p.2, the redesign of CFSTI's announcement and Aug 4, 1969.) No other attempt was made to searching tools. At the end of the meeting broaden participation beyond the original Stegmaier observed that we could look for- group. ~vardto improvements in the indexes. Interchange at the meeting was vigorous. Standardization of SDI Categories. Steg- Both administrators took care to point out maier stated that GAB, CAST and SCANTOP- that this group did not represent the majority ICS were not intended to be fast announcement of users of their services (with the obvious services, and were issued simultaneously with implication that other users are satisfied with the bulletins. He commented that selective dis- their products). Sauter said CFSTI has over semination of information (SDI) is a misnomer 100,000 different customers buying over 2,000,- for automatic distribution. and that GAB was 000 documents a year, and that the USGRDR intended only as an experimental program. The index goes to over 9,000 subscribers. Stegmaier latter came as a surprise, especially to Miss pointed out that the people who prepared the Cathryn Lyon, librarian of the Naval Weap- "Information Hang-ups" report were selected ons Laboratory at Dahlgren, Virginia, whose from Washington area organizations and did coordination of the categories was the basis of not necessarily reflect the views of users in the current awareness program developed at other geographical areas. NWL and discussed in the report. Stegmaier Both talked of the multiplicity of services added that DDC is the only one who uses the their users expect of them and indirectly al- COSATI fields and groups, although they were luded to the constraints of budgeting imposed developed to be used as a standard. by the Department of Defense directive that Field Ofice Viewing Facility. The regional information analysis centers become self-sup- field offices, where DDC documents formerly porting.* In other words, if the recommenda- were available for reader examination, were tions are going to cost money, forget it. used almost exclusively by searchers from Discussion during the two-hour meeting then within 15 miles of the office, Stegmaier said, centered, with surprisingly few veering away and they were closed when it was found they from the topic, on the five recommendations served such a small percentage of the clientele. which concluded our %?-page report. He intimated that it was not altogether im- Abstract Bulletins and Indexes. Sauter possible to see a document before ordering it thanked the user group for suggesting improve- if the need were exceptional. (An appeal to him personally once provided such service.) He * This is a trend. Beginning Jul 1, 1969, the pointed out that CFSTI does have a reading Navy's Chemical Propulsion Information Agency room which Sauter verified but admitted it at the Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins was not very well publicized-this was news University, Silver Spring, Md., instituted a ser- to many present. Re-establishment of DDC vice charge for documents; and the Atomic Energy Commission discontinued free distribution of mi- field offices is very unlikely. crofiche copies of AEC scientific and technical re- Acquisition Procedures. Gregory Abdian, ports because "Congress has made a substantial Deputy Administrator of DDC, said that steps cut in our technical information budget for the already were being taken to improve Form 55, fiscal year beginning July 1, 1969." The Science and that other changes can be expected. One Information Exchange of the Smithsonian Institu- of the user suggestions was that contract moni- tion, funded through the National Science Founda- tors, especially new ones, be given better ori- tion, instituted a charge "to retrieve the cost of processing a request" on Dec 9, 1968, for non-fed- entation and information about their role in era1 agencies and on Jul 1, 1969, for government approving the release of documents to con- agencies as well. tractors. This is to be included in future briefings given military officers. Another suggestion GREATEXPECTATIONS was to identify more clearly items billed, but no attempt was made to defend the current In Summaryythe user group was led ex- CFSTI billing procedures. pect the following: DDC use;; Survey. The concept of CFSTI I) Revisions in the abstract bulletins and in- as "middleman" was questioned by the ad- dexes. rninistrators since many documents are sup- 2) Changes in DDC order forms. plied directly from CFSTI. CFSTI becomes a 3) Briefings of contract monitors in regard middleman when orders for classified docu- to releasing documents to contractors. ments that cost money must be sent first to 4) Improvements in the "rush" service pro- CFSTI for payment and then to DDC for vided. processing. Stegmaier said that operational costs and delays would be the same whether DDC or CFSTI handled the billing-record keeping of user charges and that the present Was the purpose of the meetings achieved? system is based on a decision made "on a I believe it was. IDA already has reaped bene- higher level" to let CFSTI handle it as long as fits from better acquaintance with other users they were in the business anyway. In any (who also are producers) and these secondary event, he said, delay in the receipt of classified distributors of report literature. documents due to payment being made to National Agricultural Library's Isabelle CFSTI is seldom more than one day or two Trams wrote, "Dr. Monge and I thought the days at the most. Users indicated this could be meeting on 1nfor.mation Hang-ups was most a critical delay. He added that the real delay interesting. . . . I hope NAL will have an is not in the centers but in the postal service. opportunity to participate in further coopera- Dr. Stegmaier noted in passing that in the re- tive efforts toward a more efficient Technical port the users who responded to the question- Report distribution system." naire estimate their 1969-70 requirements for Federal Library Committee's Paul Howard documents will almost double that of 1967-68. asked for a review of the meeting for publica- Both Sauter and Stegmaier assured the group tion in the Federal Library Record. they did have mechanisms set up to handle Naval Research Laboratory's LaVera Mor- really urgent requests. They admitted that staff gan said the report was introduced and dis- courtesy in accepting "expedite" requests might cussed at the recent Military Librarians' Work- possibly not be all it should be, but they do shop in Newport, Rhode Island, and asked for make efforts to improve it. They supplied us permission to reproduce portions of it in their with specific names to call for such service, but proceedings. requested cooperation in not asking that every- COSATI's Col. Downie sent in a copy of a thing be given rush service. questionnaire "that was made up some time 1" con&sion, Stegrnaier said he thought the ago and never used" and suggested that we group ought to take another look at the rec- change the name of the group to broaden its ommendations and consider them in relation to scope. "Perhaps, a Committee of Scientific and other suppliers of report literature. "Aim your Technical Information Users in the Greater guns," he said, "at AEC, NASA, and possibly Washington, D.C. Area would be more ap- GPO. Why should DDC alone sponsor read- propriate-fight the bigger battle!" ing rooms?" Abdian drove the suggestion fur- Department of Transportation's Gerald Er- ther by adding, "Hammer the government for ickson said, "To me the chief result was the fewer access points of information." establishment of lines of communication, and Stegmaier voiced a hope for the future: that dialogue, with DDC and CFSTI. This was a his agency would receive an abstract or clean very noteworthy achievement. . . ." final draft of a report while it was in prepara- Booz-Allen's Paula Strain re~orted."Whether tion so that DDC could inquire who wants it, the constructive dialogue between user and and then make both prim&y and secondary maker of information services that had been distribution of the report when the final report hoped for in calling the meeting actually was is issued. achieved will be shown only by the events of At this point, it began to look as though in the next few months." spite of challenges and defenses that we all do The consensus of the users was "let's wait have the same ultimate goal-a better flow of and see." The next meeting of the users' group information to the scientific and technical com- is scheduled for Jan 22, 1970. This is a rela- munity. tively short time to wait, but we'll see. PUBS

Commercial and Industrial Records Storage. Robert L. Collison. Tuckahoe, N.Y., John De Graff, 1969. 183p. $10. TRANSLATIONS REGISTER-INDEX Jewish Life Index 1946-1965/5707-5725. Micha Yatk Uppenhe,m, ed. N.Y., Un~onof Orthodox (The sole American translaiions Jewish Congregations of America, 1968. 100p. announcement medium) pap. $3. Valuable new research tool Latin American Economic & Social Serials. for the English-speaking Committee on Latin America. Hamden, Conn., Archon Bks., 1969. 189p. $7. scientific community

Ulrich's International Periodicals Directory, A semi-monthly journal which an- 3d Suppl. N.Y., R. R. Bowker Co., 1969. xiii, nounces and indexes all translations 225p. pap. $7.95, U.S. & Canada; $8.75, elsewhere. currently collected by the National Translations Center. Newly received Union List of Methodist Serials, 2d checking ed. translations are recorded in subject in cooperation with the Methodist Librarians' Fel- categories arranged by COSATI classi- lowship and the Association of Methodist His- torical Societies. John David Batsel, comp. Evan- fication in the register section, along ston, Ill., 1968. 156p. pap. $10, applicable toward with prices for paper and microfilm purchase of final ed. (2121 Sheridan Rd., Evan- copies. ston, 111. 60201 ) The index section covers journal and patent citations, conference papers, and monographs. Cumulating quarterly The International Standardization of Library for all entries to date in a volume, with Statistics; a Progress Report. K. L. Mallaber, an annual cumulation, the index Torben Nielsen and F. W. Torrington,. eds. Lon- shows the original journal or other don, Internl. Fed. of Libr. Assoc., 1968. 216p. pap. $7. Ifs Inti. Manual no. 4; IFLAJFIABI citation, an identifying number by ISO. (Orders to Oceana Publ., Dobbs Ferry. which copies can be requested, and N.Y.) symbols or initials indicating sources to which orders or requests should be Standardization for Documentation. Bernard sent. Houghton, ed. Hamden, Conn., Archon Bks., 1969. 91p. $4. Compiled by National Translations Center The John Crerar Library, Chicago

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POSITIONS WANTED Move West to Salem, Oregon!!-Low cost living, cultural advantages. We can't compete with Literature Chemist-BS in chemistry, MA in California salaries but living is wholesome and biochemistry, over fifteen years experience pure! The Oregon State Library needs an searching, abstracting, and indexing the litera- Assistant Di~ectovof its Readers' Services Division, ture of Medicinal chemistry. Box C-111. a Librarian 5. Salary: $9,864-$12,288, depend- - ing on qualifications and experience. We are searching for a qualified professional reference Librarian-Archivist, AB, BLS, MA, 495 librarian with leadership ability and administra- yrs. Arch. experience history-church field, seeks tive experience to direct the State Library Refer- wk. NYC area. Box C-121. ence Staff. The Assistant Director supervises nine professional librarians and clerical staff in providing services to state agencies, legislators, local government, all types of Oregon libraries, POSITIONS OPEN and Oregon residents without local libraries. Applicants must have a professional library degree and a minimum of 4 years of professional Transportation Center Library, Northwestern library work, preferably reference and including University, has an opening for a cataloger on a administrative experience. Apply: Oregon State professional staff of five. Duties include original Library, Salem, Oregon 97310, Ph. 364-2171, cataloging of books, documents and research Ext. 308. reports (library-developed subject heading list). The cataloger works under the librarian in charge of technical processes. This is a research library specializing in transportation economics and traffic safety serving the Univer- sity and the transportation industry. Appli- CATALOG cants should have the MLS. Initial salary $3,500 or substantially more for experience in cataloging transportation or related literature, e.g. business, planning or public administration. LIBRARIAN Send resum6 to Benjamin Jacobson, Librarian, Challenging opportunity for cataloger with Transportation Center Library, Northwestern minimum of 3-4 years experience to handle University, 1810 Hinman Avenue, Evanston, technical services and aasist supervisor for major pharmaceutical corn any library. Re- Illinois 60204. s~onsibilities include catakeine. clarsifica- tion (Dewey) end processing: Eyperience in handling scientific and technical books and Head-Business, Industry & Science-Public li- journals in an industrial or specia! library is brary system serving a city population of 190,- referred. Some supervisory experience help- 000 requires a department head. Collection LI. contains 60,000 volumes, trade periodicals and MLS required with bachelor's de ree in bio- newspapers, abstracts, trade and industrial direc- logrcal or physical science preferred, but not.- . essential.- - - ... . . - tories. government documents, patents, financial Salary Will be fully commensurate with back- and investment services. Present department ground and experience, plus ou will enjoy book budget of $13,000. Staff of 5 full time peo- a liberal company-paid boned program. ple. Candidates must have an MLS from an Qualified individuals are invipd to submit a resume lnd~cat~ngsalary h~storyand ob- accredited library school and preferably 5-10 jectives ti: years experience, some of which were in a supervisory capacity. Salary up to $12,000 based Dr. ALECK BORMAN, on experience. Send resume to: Mr. Frank L. Personnel Manager R&D Hannaway, Personnel Officer, Providence Pub- lic Library, I50 Empire Street, Providence, Rhode Island 02903.

Assistant Librarian-For art and humanities cataloguing (L.C.) and some reference work in SQUlBB private art school. MLS or experience required. INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH Mon.-Fri. 9-5. $8,000. Apply to: Miss E. Town- NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J. 08903 send, Librarian, School of Visual Arts, 209 E. An equal opportunity employer 23 St., New York 10010. - -- POSITIONS OPEN POSITIONS OPEN

Head Cataloger-Northern Illinois University, The Oregon State Library-Needs an experi- where growth means opportunity, is looking for enced Documents Catalog Supervisor, Librarian 4. a librarian to lead and direct the more than 30 Salary: $8,952-$11,136. Administrative position full time members of the cataloging department. and responsibility for coordinating personnel with This position is challenging and offers major workload and supervising complete documents opportunities for professional fulfillment and cataloging operation under general direction of growth, including participation in planning an Head of Documents/Serials Section. Person must entirely new library system. The responsibilities have knowledge of library administration, profes- of the position demand a Master's Degree in Li- sional library principles, and be able to organize brary Science and a minimum of 5 years of cata- and direct staff. Position requires graduate li- loging experience, including not less than 2 brary school degree and three years of profes- years of administrative work, plus demonstrable sional experience. Ready access to educational leadership ability. Minimum salary $13,200 and facilities and recreational variety. APPLY: Oregon up for 12 month contract, Illinois Retirement State Library, State Library Building, Salem, System benefits, academic status, one month va- Oregon 97310, Telephone 364-2171 Ext. 308. cation. Applicants should write to George M. - - Nenonen, Personnel Director, University Li- Librarian-Experienced professional librarian to braries, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, administer a library of 140,000 volumes located Illinois 60115. in mid-town Manhattan. Salary $8,000. Send rCsum6 to Robert Ed. Hoffman, General Society of Mechanics and Tradesmen, 20 West 44th Medical Staff Librarian-Supervise and establish Street, New York City 10036. a new medical science l~brary in place of present Medical staff library. To assume full Life Science Librarian-Supervision of Life responsibility of library activities for com- Science Library and four departmental libraries. munity. University-affiliated teaching hospital. Requires graduate degree in Library Science, Large medical staff with active teaching and appropriate experience. Full faculty status, !en- research program. Prefer someone with medical erous fringe benefits. Salary open. Send appllca- library experience. Please contact: Michael tion and rCsum.4 to John H. Moriarty, Director Gallacher, Administrative Assistant. (401) 722- of Libraries, Purdue University, Lafayette, In- 6000 Ext. 211. diana 47907. XEROX I literature searcher- librarian The XEROX Technical Information Center has an opening for a literature searcher-librarian who will work in close cooperation with its 1 scientists, engineers, management and other personnel in researching information for their projects. This position requires: a librarian with I experience in research methods; ability to visualize search problems; patience in handling detail; organizing search results into good bibliographic form; and evaluation of information for pertinency. Work will be challenging, interesting and diversified in very pleasant sur- roundings in Webster, near Rochester, New York. Applicants are required to have the MLS degree with an undergraduate science background and at least 3 to 5 years experience I in a technical library or as a subject specialist. We offer an excellent salary program commensurate with your qualifications and experience along with an attractive benefit program. Please forward your resume (including salary history) in confidence to Mr. H. D. Altmire, Manager, Personnel Relations, XEROX CORPORATION, 800 Phillips Rd., Webster, New York 14580. (An Equal Opportunity Employer) ASSISTANT CHEMICAL LIBRARIAN FOR TENNESSEE EASTMAN Excellent opportunity to help develop an expanding chemical collection in Tennessee's largest, single industrial complex. New research laboratories' library now under construction. Growing collection already includes 25,000 volumes and re- ceives 600 periodicals. Join staffof five. Duties will include planning automation, developing and expanding present reference service, some cataloging. Requires MLS with chemical background and knowledge of computer-based methods for control of acquisition, cataloging, and circulation of books and periodicals. Professional experience not essential for consideration: 1970 graduate is of interest. Send resume to: R. L. Lauderdale; Manager, Professional Personnel; Tennessee Eastman Company; Post Ofice Box 511; Kingsport, Tennessee 37662. An equal-opportunity employer.

LIBRARIAN A top-flight person is needed to establish and maintain a Corporate library which will include business and photographic materials.

Rarely does a position like this with nationally competitive salary and fringe benefits come about in a perfect family community like Colorado Springs.

Colorado Interstate Corporation is N.Y.S.E. listed and has diversified operations in natural gas transmission, petroleum, manufacturing, and chemicals.

Candidates should possess a BLS or MLS and preferably one year of experience in library procedures and techniques.

Qualified applicants are encouraged to mail their resumes, including salary requirements, in strictest confidence to Mrs. Edythe B. James, Personnel Representative.

P. 0. Box 1087, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80901 An Equal Opportunity Employer POSITIONS OPEN THE MARKET PLACE Librarian Needed-To direct 80,000 volume departmental library specializing in biology and Free! Two Volume Set of Books in Print oceanography. MLS from accredited school and ($21.81 value) to new customers. Write our appropriate subject specialization required. In Mrs. Anne Lacq in the Library Order Dept. for addition, candidate should have experience in particulars plus our own special free 70 page library administration. Faculty status and lib- catalogue of Scientific & Technical Books of All eral benefits. Salary dependent on experience Publishers. Very generous discounts on all tech- and qualifications. Write University Librarian, nical/scientific publishers. L. H. Gleichenhaus University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Technical & Scientific Book Company, The Em- California 90007. pire State Building, New York, N. Y. 10001.

Queen's University at Kingston-Requires a Uni- Back Issue Periodicals-Scientific, Technical, versity Archivist to direct professional staff of Medical and Liberal Arts. Please submit want three other archivists and librarians, and in con- lists and lists of materials for sale or exchange. sultation with University officials and the Chief Prompt replies assured. G. H. Arrow Co., 4th Librarian to determine policy for development & Brown Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. 19123. of University Archives including both Univer- sity records and manuscript collections in areas Foreign Books and PeriodicalsSpecialty : In- of local, regional and national history, political ternational Congresses. Albert J. Phiebig Inc., and economic growth, individual historical, Box 352, White Plains, New York 10602. political and literary biography. Position open early 1970. Academic qualifications in history Chemical Abstracts For Sale-Will entertain (especially Canadian) or related discipline, any reasonable offer for a set of Chemical Ab- training and experience in archive administra- stracts complete from 1907 to 1967, with In- tion; commensurate rank (not less than equiva- dices. All issues to end of 1965 in good lent of Principal Librarian, department head) quality bindings. Please send offer to W. A. and salary (not less than $10,000). Responsibil- Johnstone, Lever Brothers Limited, I Sunlight ity to Chief Librarian, development of organi- Park Road, Toronto, Canada. zation and responsibility open. Inquiries with personal summary to D. A. Redmond, Chief Beilstein: Mainwork & 1st Suppl. (complete), Librarian, Douglas Library, Queen's University 2nd Suppl. (Bands I-VI). Make offer. M. K. Al- at Kingston, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. lard, College of Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, One Lomb Mem. Dr., Rochester, N. Y. 14623.

For Sale-An international collection of year old commercial directories. The Librarian, Box Cataloguer 1042, 1003-Lausanne, Switzerland. Excellent career opportunity available in modern research library located in Ann Arbor, Michigan. INDEX TO ADVERTISERS Successful candidate must have MLS with 2 or more years cata- Bell & Howell, Micro Photo Div.. .. 10~ loguing experience in LC classifi- Cardmaster Company ...... 677 cation. Scientific background and Checkpoint Systems ...... Cover I1 training desirable. Duties will in- Congressional Information Service . 6~ clude cataloguing, classification, and processing of scientific and Easunan Kodak Company ...... 5.4 technical books and journals. The Faraday Press, Inc...... 1~ Supervisory experience beneficial. F. W. Faxon Co., Inc...... 678 Salary commensurate with experi- Gale Research Company ..... Cover IV ence and training. Complete Herner & Company ...... Cover 111 fringe benefit program and excellent working conditions. Institute for Scientific Information . ZA The Library Association ...... 8A Send resume information in confidence to: Mr. D. C. Misner Maxwell Scientific International ... 8.4 The New York Times ...... 626 Remington Rand, Library Bureau . . 9A 2800 Plymouth Road Sagamore Publishing Co., Inc. .... 8A Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 Special Libraries Association . . 677,678 An Equal Opportunity Employer M/F The Vermont Printing Company ... 678 tensive author alterations will be charged to the Instructions for Contributors author. Extensive alterations may also delay publication by several issues of the journal. General Information Reprints. Order blanks for reprints are sent with most proofs. Special arrangements can be Special Libraries publishes material on all im- made to obtain reprints of letters and book re- portant subject areas and on all methods and views. techniques for "Putting Knowledge to Work." New and developing areas of librarianship, information science and information technology are Manuscripts sought. Informative papers on the administration, Organize your material carefully, putting the organization and operation of special libraries and significance of your paper or a statement of the information centers are solicited. Scholarly reports problem first, and supporting details and arguments of research in librarianship, documentation, edu- second. Make sure that the significance of your cation, and information science and technology are paper will be apparent to readers outside your appropriate contributions. Bibliographies and bib- immediate field of interest. Avoid overly special- liographic essays, discussions and opinions that ized jargon. Readers will skip a paper which they are intended to be authoritative or that reflect do not understand. original research are also published. Professional For each proposed paper, one original and standards, salary information, education, recruit- three copies (in English only) should be mailed ment and public relations are other representative to the Editor, Special Libraries, 235 Park Avenue subjects for inclusion. Controversy is not shunned. South, New York 10003. The manuscript should As the official journal of the Association, Special be mailed flat in an envelope of suitable size. Libraries also publishes reports of business of the Graphic materials should be submitted with ap- Association and its subunits, as well as news of propriate cardboard backing or other stiffening its members and for its members. materials. Contributions are solicited from both members and non-members. All papers submitted are con- Style. Follow a good general style manual. sidered for publication. Papers are accepted with The University of Chicago Press Manual of Style, the understanding that they have not been pub- the style manual of the American Institute of lished, submitted, or accepted for publication Physics, and the Style Manual for Biological Jour- elsewhere. Special Libraries employs a reviewing nals (published by the American Institute of Bio- procedure in which manuscripts are sent to three logical Sciences), among others, are appropriate. reviewers for comment. When all comments have Format. All contributions should be type- been received, authors will be notified of ac- written on white bond paper on one side only, ceptance, rejection or need for revision of their leaving 1.25 inches (or 3 cm) of space around all manuscripts. The review procedure will usually margins of standard, letter-size (8.5 X 11 inch) pa- require a minimum of six weeks. per. Double spacing must be used throughout, including the title page, tables, legends, and Types of Contributions. Three types of original references. The first page of the manuscript contributions are considered for publication: full- should carry both the first and last names of all length articles, brief reports or communications, authors, the institutions or organizations with and letters to the editor. New monographs and which the authors are affiliated, and a notation as significant report publications are considered for to which author should receive the galleys for critical review. Annotations of the periodical proofreading. All succeeding pages should carry literature as well as annotations of new mono- the last name of the first author in the upper graphs and reports are published-especially those right-hand corner and the number of the page. with particular pertinence for special libraries and Title. Begin the title with a word useful in in- information centers. dexing and information retrieval. The title should Editing. Manuscripts are edited primarily to be as brief, specific, and descriptive as possible. improve the effectiveness of communication be- Abslract. An informative abstract of 100 words tween the author and his readers. The most im- or less must be included for full-length articles. portant goal is to eliminate ambiguities. In addi- The abstract should amplify the title but should tion, improved sentence structure often permits the not repeat the title or phrases in it. Qualifying readers to absorb salient ideas more readily. If ex- words for terms used in the title may be used. tensive editing is indicated by reviewers, with con- The abstract should be typed with double spacing sequent possibility of altered meanings, manu- on a separate sheet. scripts are returned to the author for correction Acknowledgments. Credits for financial sup- and approval before type is set. Authors are free port, for materials and technical assistance or ad- to make additional changes at this stage. vice may be cited in a section headed "Acknowl- Proofr. Authors receive galley proofs with a edgments," which should appear at the end of maximum five-day allowance for corrections. One the text. General use of footnotes in the text set of galley proofs or an equivalent is provided should be avoided. for each paper. Corrections must be marked on Illuslrations. Finished artwork must be sub- the galley, not on the manuscript. At this stage mitted to Special Libraries. Follow the style in authors must keep alterations to a minimum; ex- current issues for layout and type faces in tables and figures. A table or figure should be constructed name, volume number, issue number, inclusive so as to be completely intelligible without further pagination, and date of publication. reference to the text. Lengthy tabulations of essentially similar data should be avoided. Smith, John, Jones, B. H. and Doe, Richard. Figures should be lettered in black India ink. Special Librarianship in Action. Special Li- Charts drawn in India ink should be so executed braries, 59 (no. 10): 1214-21 (Dec 1968) throughout, with no typewritten material in- References to books should be in the order: cluded. Letters and numbers appearing in figures authors, title, city, publisher, year, pagination. should be distinct and large enough so that no character will be less than 2 mm high after re- Brown, Abel. Infovmation at Work. N.Y., duction. A line 0.4 mm wide reproduces satisfac- Abracadabra Press, 1909. 248p. torily when reduced by one-half. Graphs, charts, and photographs should be given consecutive Full-Length Articles figure numbers as they will appear in the text. Articles may range in length from about 1,000 Figure numbers and legends should not appear words to a maximum of 5,000 words (up to 20 as part of the figure, but should be typed typed double spaced manuscript pages). Provide double spaced on a separate sheet of paper. Each a title of one or two lines of up to 35 characters figure should be marked lightly on the back with plus spaces per line. the figure number, author's name, complete ad- Insert subheads at appropriate places in the text, dress, and shortened title of the paper. averaging about one subhead for each two or three For figures, the originals with three clearly manuscript pages. Keep the subheads short (up legible reproductions (to be sent to reviewers) to 35 characters plus spaces). Do not use more should accompany the manuscript. In the case of than one degree or level of subheads in an ar- photographs, four glossy prints are required, pref- ticle. Provide a summary at the end of the article. ferably 8 x 10 inches. Write a brief author note, and include position References and Notes. Number all references title and address. In the author note, include in- to the literature and notes in a single sequence in formation concerning meetings, symposia, etc. the order in which they are cited in the text. where the paper may have been presented orally. Cite all references and notes but do not insert Also submit recent glossy black-and-white photo- reference numbers in titles or abstracts. graphs of the authors. Accuracy and adequacy of the references are the responsibility of the author. Therefore, litera- Brief Communications ture cited should be checked carefully with the Short reports or communications will usually original publications. References to personal let- be less than 1,000 words in length (up to 4 ters, abstracts of oral reports, and other unedited typed double spaced manuscript pages). List the material may be included. authors on the last page of the text in the form References to periodicals should be in the of a signature and include a simple mailing ad- order: authors, article title, unabbreviated journal dress. SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION A RIESUMC

PECIAL Libraries Association is an interna- ness meetings, tours to outstanding special li- S tional organization whose members are braries and information centers, and an exten- professional librarians and information experts. sive exhibit area. A list of future Conferences Special libraries serve industry, business, re- is on page 4. search, educational and technical institutions, government, special departments of public and Organization university libraries, newspapers, museums, and Organized geographically into 37 Chapters, all organizations requiring or providing spe- which elect officers, publish bulletins, hold cialized information. significant program meetings during the year, and initiate special projects. All members are Objectives affiliated with the Chapter nearest their homes To encourage and promote the utilization or places of employment. Subject Groups are of knowledge through the collection, organiza- organized in some Chapters. tion, and dissemination of information; To develop the usefulness and efficiency of Alabama North Carolina Oklahoma special libraries and information centers; Baltimore Boston Pocific Northwest To stimulate research in the field of infor- Cincinnati Philadelphia mation services; Cleveland Pittsburgh To promote high professional standards; Colorado Princeton-Trenton To facilitate communications among its Connecticut Volley Rio Grande members; and Dayton San Diego To cooperate with organizations that have Florido San Francisco Bay Region similar or allied interests. Greater St. Louis South Atlantic Heart of Americo Southern Appalachian Illinois Southern California Activities and Services Indiana Texas Publications-Source books, bibliographies, Louisiana Toronto monographs, and directories. The Associa- Michigan Upstate New York tion publishes four periodicals: Special Li- Minnesota Virginia braries, Scientific Meetings, Technical Book Montreal Washington, D. C. Review Index, and Translations Register- New Jersey Wisconsin Index. A publications price list is available. New York Consultation Service-Advice on establish- Also organized into 23 Divisions, two with ing, reorganizing, and operating special li- Section sub-units, representing broad subject braries and information services offered to fields or types of library activity. Each elects all types of organizations. Up to one day's officers, publishes a bulletin, conducts profes- courtesy consultation. A list of Professional sional programs during the Association's Con- Consultants, who are available on a fee ferences, and carries out projects such as pub- basis, is maintained. lications or workshops. All except Student Placement Service-Helps employers find and Sustaining members may affiliate with suitable library personnel and assists mem- Divisions of their choice. bers in locating new positions. Both may register with Chapter Employment Chair- Advertising Newspaper men or the Placement Service at Association & Marketing Nuclear Science Headquarters. Aerospace Petroleum Scholarships-Scholarships are awarded Biological Sciences Pharmaceutical each year to qualified men and women for Business and Finance Picture graduate study at a recognized school of Chemistry Public Utilities library or information science. Documentation Publishing Engineering Science-Technology Conferences Geography and Map Paper and Textiles Insurance Social Science Annual Conferences include sessions of gen- MetaIs/Materials Planning, Building eral professional interest, programs of special Military Libraiians and Housing subject interests, discussion of new equipment Museum Social Welfare and technology. Division program and busi- Natural Resources Transportatio,n

ERRATA

Jan 1969 p.28, col. 1, before [Eq. 21 See p.102 for correction

Feb 1969 p.109, lines 19-20 Delete: (now the South Atlantic Chapter) p.113, line 18 Add: Jean Deuss will continue as Treasurer, and Herbert S. White will serve as Past President

Mar 1969 p.171, col. 2, line 34 Change Voight to Voigt

Apr 1969 p.248, co1. 2 Text to accompany photo of Ruth A. Longhenry appears on p.302 (Ma~/Jun)

Jul/Aug 1969 p.405, col. 2, line 13 Florence Bradley is not deceased. Delete: (d. 1968)

Sep 1969 p.489, co1. 1 Statistics Committee report was inadvertently omitted. See p.612 (Nov)

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