NATIONAL SEMINAR

Herbal Medicines as a Foundation for Drug Discovery: Present Status and Future Perspective 24th March, 2018

ABSTRACT BOOK Organized by

Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education, Indore

Formulating Confidence for Success

MR-11, Indore-452010 (M.P.)

M. 7898794433 | T. 0731-6952457 | E. [email protected]

W. www.meu.edu.in/scope/

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S1 PAPER CODE TITLE OF POSTER PRESENTING AUTHOR COLLEGE NAME PCOG-03 COMPARATIVE STUDY SACHIN KUMAR JAIN IPS ACADEMY COLLEGE OF AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PHARMACY, INDORE, (M.P.) EVALUATION OF ANTIULCER ACTIVITY OF SOME POLYHERBAL FORMULATIONS PCOG-06 FORMULATION AND SMRITI MALVIYA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, EVALUATION OF HERBAL NAIL DR. A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM POLISH CONTAINING HERBAL UNIVERSITY, INDORE, INGREDIENTS (M.P.) PCOG-07 IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AMAN PARASHAR SMRITI COLLEGE OF COMPARISON AMONG FRENCH PHARMACEUTICAL BEAN, GREEN BEAN, AND KIDNEY EDUCATION, INDORE, (M.P.) BEAN. PCOG-08 ANTI-ANEMIC ACTIVITY OF CHANDRAKANT A MODERN INSTITUTE HYDRO-ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT KUSHWAH OF PHARMACEUTICAL SEEDS OF SESAMUM INDICUM IN SCIENCES, INDORE, (M.P.) PHENYLHYDRAZINE-INDUCED ANEMIC RATS PCOG-09 IN VITRO CONTRACEPTIVE RAGHVENDRA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, SPERMICIDAL ACTIVITY OF DUBEY DR. A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM SAPONIN EXTRACT OF LEAVES UNIVERSITY, INDORE (M.P.) OF CALOTROPIS PROCERA ON HUMAN SEMEN PCOG-10 ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF R PUNASIYA GRY INSTITUTE OF VARIOUS EXTRACT OF HIBISCUS PHARMACY BORAWAN, SYRIACUS LINN ON RAT BY TAIL KHARGONE, (M.P.) FLICK METHOD PCOG-11 ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF HYDRO SIRVI SOMESHVER MODERN INSTITUTE ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF OF PHARMACEUTICAL LYCIUM BARBARUM LEAVES SCIENCES, INDORE, (M.P.) PCOG-12 COMPARATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL VIKAS CHANDRA DEPARTMENT OF SCREENING OF ANOGEISSUS SHARMA PHARMACEUTICAL LATIFOLIA (ROXB.) FOR SCIENCES, IFTM THERAPEUTIC USES UNIVERSITY, MORADABAD (U. P.) PCOG-13 FORMULATION OF HERBAL HAIR REENA SONI DEPARTMENT OF DYE AND EVALUATION OF IT’S PHARMACY, SHRI COLOURING EFFECT G.S. INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, 23-PARK ROAD, INDORE, (M.P.) PCOG-14 EXCISION WOUND HEALING PRIYANSHU MODERN INSTITUTE ACTIVITY OF FRAGARIA SHEKHAR OF PHARMACEUTICAL ANANASSA EXTRACT IN ALBINO SCIENCES, INDORE, (M.P.) RATS PCOG-15 EXCISION WOUND HEALING TEENA KUMAYU MODERN INSTITUTE ACTIVITY OF LANTANA CAMARA OF PHARMACEUTICAL LINN FLOWER EXTRACT IN RATS SCIENCES, INDORE, (M.P.)

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S2 PCOG-16 PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFICACY BIRLA R. GRY INSTITUTE OF OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF PHARMACY, BORAWAN, PLANT BOMBAX CEIBA, AGAINST KHARGONE (M.P.) ISOPROTERENOL-INDUCED CARDIAC TOXICITY IN RATS PCOG-17 AN IN VITRO ANTI- SHIVANI SHARMA DEPARTMENT OF INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY QUALITY ASSURANCE OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT & DEPARTMENT OF AND VARIOUS FRACTIONS OF PHARMACOLOGY, CENTELLA ASIATICA LEAVES BY MANDSAUR UNIVERSITY, PROTEIN DENATURATION MANDSAUR, (M.P.) PCOG-18 PHARMACOLOGICAL PRABHAT KUMAR GRY INSTITUTE OF EVALUATION OF THE PLANT DAS PHARMACY, BORAWAN, MORINGA PTERYGOSPERMA, KHARGONE, (M.P.) AGAINST CARBON TETRACHLORIDE-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN RATS PCOG-19 ALDOSE REDUCTASE INHIBITORY KUSHAGRA DUBEY SMRITI COLLEGE OF POTENTIAL OF AQUEOUS, PHARMACEUTICAL METHANOLIC AND SAPONIN EDUCATION, INDORE, (M.P.) EXTRACT OF LEAVES OF ZIZIPHUS NUMMLARIA LINN. PCOG-20 ANTITUSSIVE ACTIVITY OF SWETA S KOKA ACROPOLIS INSTITUTE METHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF OF PHARMACEUTICAL FICUS EXASPERATA EDUCATION AND RESEARCH, INDORE, (M.P.) PCOG-21 ANTI HYPERPIGMENTATION GUPTA RUCHI SMRITI COLLEGE OF EFFECT OF GLYCYRRHIZA PHARMACEUTICAL GLABRA BY ANTITYROSINASE EDUCATION, INDORE, (M.P.) ACTIVITY PCOG-22 WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY SAPNA MALVIYA MODERN INSTITUTE OF PRUNUS DOMESTICA IN OF PHARMACEUTICAL EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED SCIENCES, INDORE, (M.P.) DIABETIC RATS PCOG-23 PHYTOCHEMICAL AND DEEPA VARANDANI PINNACLE BIOMEDICAL ANTIOXIDANT ANALYSIS OF RESEARCH INSTITUTE, MALUS PUMILA (MALUS PUMILA BHOPAL, (M.P.) PEEL) DR. A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM UNIVERSITY, INDORE, (M.P.) PCS-01 FORMULATION AND EVALUATION PRATIK TIWARI SMRITI COLLEGE OF OF HERBAL SHAMPOO PHARMACEUTICAL CONTAINING HIBISCUS LEAVES EDUCATION, INDORE (M.P.) EXTRACT AND PIPER NIGRUM PCS-02 SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT HARSHVARDHA N SMRITI COLLEGE OF OF VALSARTAN BY SOLID CHOUHAN PHARMACEUTICAL DISPERSION TECHNIQUE EDUCATION, INDORE (M.P.) PCS-03 FORMULATION AND EVALUATION VISHAKHA CHAUHAN SMRITI COLLEGE OF OF FAST DISSOLVING TABLET OF PHARMACEUTICAL VENLAFAXINE HYDROCHLORIDE EDUCATION, INDORE, (M.P.) USING COPROCESSED SUPERDISINTEGRANTS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S3 PCS-04 FORMULATION AND EVALUATION NIDHI PHASE SMRITI COLLEGE OF OF FOAM BATH WITH PHARMACEUTICAL ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIAL EDUCATION, INDORE, (M.P.) PCS-05 FORMULATION AND EVALUATION NIKITA SOHANEY MODERN INSTITUTE OF FAST DISSOLVING TABLETS OF OF PHARMACEUTICAL ALBENDAZOLE SCIENCES, INDORE, (M.P.) PCS-06 FORMULATION AND EVALUATION POOJASHREE VERMA MODERN INSTITUTE OF TRANSDERMAL PATCH OF OF PHARMACEUTICAL GLIBENCLAMIDE SCIENCES, INDORE, (M.P.) PCS-07 FORMULATION AND EVALUATION NEHA AMERA SMRITI COLLEGE OF OF ORAL DISINTEGRATING PHARMACEUTICAL TABLETS OF VALSARTAN EDUCATION, INDORE, (M.P.) USING COPROCESSED SUPERDISINTEGRANT TECHNIQUE PCS-08 FORMULATION AND EVALUATION AMREEN KHAN BM COLLEGE OF OF LUMEFANTRINE LIQUISOLID PHARMACEUTICAL SYSTEMS EDUCATION RESEARCH, INDORE, (M.P.) PCS-09 FORMULATION AND EVALUATION DEEPAK JOSHI SMRITI COLLEGE OF OF SUBLINGUAL TABLET OF PHARMACEUTICAL VALSARTAN TO PREVENT EDUCATION, INDORE, (M.P.) ITS EXTENSIVE FIRST-PASS METABOLISM PCS-11 DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT, AND SUMAN GEHLOT COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, EVALUATION OF ETHOSOMAL DR. A.P.J ABDUL KALAM GEL OF FLUCONAZOLE FOR UNIVERSITY, INDORE, TOPICAL FUNGAL INFECTION (M.P.) PCS-14 GATIFLOXACIN-LOADED DIVYA MOTWANI INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY MICROEMULSION-BASED RESEARCH LAB, OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY DEPARTMENT OF SYSTEM FOR TREATMENT OF PHARMACY, SHRI BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS G.S. INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, 23-PARK ROAD, INDORE, (M.P.) PCS-15 FORMULATION AND EVALUATION DHARMENDRA CHARAK INSTITUTE OF SUSTAINED-RELEASE SOLANKI OF PHARMACY, METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE MANDLESHWAR, (M.P.) TABLET EFFECT OF NATURAL POLYSACCHARIDE ON DRUG RELEASE MECHANISM PCS-16 DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION ARPIT SINGH SMRITI COLLEGE OF OF FLOATING DRUG DELIVERY CHOUHAN PHARMACEUTICAL SYSTEM OF RANITIDINE IN EDUCATION, INDORE, (M.P.) TREATMENT OF PEPTIC ULCER PCS-18 FORMULATION AND IN-VITRO MANOHAR CHOUHAN SCHOOL OF PHARMACY, EVALUATION OF METFORMIN DR. A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM HYDROCHLORIDE ORALLY UNIVERSITY, INDORE, DISINTEGRATING TABLETS (M.P.) CONTAINING OCIMUM AMERICANUM LINN. NATURAL ANTIDIABETIC AGENTS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S4 PCS-23 DRY INJECTION FOR PADIYAR A DEPARTMENT OF RECONSTITUTION OF OFLOXACIN PHARMACY, SHRI USING SOLID SOLUBILIZERS FOR G.S. INSTITUTE OF VETERINARY USE TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, INDORE PCS-24 DEVELOPMENT AND NEELIMA SALVI DEPARTMENT OF CHARACTERIZATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL LIPOSOMES FOR IMPROVED SCIENCES, DR. HARI SINGH DELIVERY OF ETOPOSIDE TO THE GOUR VISHWAVIDYALAYA, LUNGS SAGAR – 470003 PCS-26 DESIGN AND IN VITRO PRAFUL VERMA SMRITI COLLEGE OF CHARACTERIZATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL CISPLATIN-LOADED RESEALED EDUCATION, INDORE (M.P.) ERYTHROCYTES PCS-29 NOVEL PHOTOSENSITIVE SHARMA N.K. IPS ACADEMY COLLEGE OF LIPOSOMES FOR TREATMENT OF PHARMACY, INDORE, (M.P.) CANCER PCHEM-07 MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES V RATHOD SCHOOL OF PHARMACY, ON IMIDAZO[4,5-B]PYRIDINE DEVI AHILYA BENZOHYDRAZONES FOR ANTI- VISHWAVIDYALAYA, TYROSINASE ACTIVITY TAKSHASHILA CAMPUS, KHANDWA ROAD, INDORE, (M.P.) PCHEM-09 ESTABLISHING ANTICANCEROUS NIDHI GUPTA SCHOOL OF PHARMACY, PROPERTY OF CURCUMA LONGA DEVI AHILYA THROUGH STRUCTURE-BASED VISHWAVIDYALAYA, APPROACH KHANDWA ROAD, INDORE, (M.P.) PCHEM-10 PYRAZOLOPYRIDINE AS A K KAPOOR SCHOOL OF PHARMACY, POTENTIAL INHIBITOR OF DEVI AHILYA EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR VISHWAVIDYALAYA, RECEPTOR AS ANTI-LUNG TAKSHASHILA CAMPUS, CANCER AGENT: MOLECULAR KHANDWA ROAD, INDORE, MODELLING APPROACH (M.P.) PCHEM-12 MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDY SHIKHA SHARMA SCHOOL OF PHARMACY, OF CHALCONES AS AN ANTI- DEVI AHILYA BACTERIAL AGENTS VISHWAVIDHYALAYA, TAKSHASHILA CAMPUS, KHANDWA ROAD, INDORE (M.P.) PCHEM-13 MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDY OF SHUBHAM PATEL SCHOOL OF PHARMACY, SPIROPYRAZOLINE OXINDOLES DEVI AHILYA AS AN INHIBITOR OF P53 TUMOR VISHWAVIDHYALAYA PROTEIN IN THE TREATMENT OF TAKSHASHILA CAMPUS, COLON CANCER KHANDWA ROAD, INDORE, (M.P.) PCHEM-14 MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDY JASDEV TUTEJA SCHOOL OF PHARMACY, OF 2,4,5 TRISUBSTITUTED DEVI AHILYA IMIDAZOLE ANALOGUES AS BRAF VISHWAVIDYALAYA, KINASE INHIBITORS INDORE, (M.P.)

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S5 PCHEM-15 DOCKING STUDIES OF SHIKHA NAGLE SCHOOL OF PHARMACY, PYRANO[3,2-A]PHENAZINE DEVI AHILYA HYBRID MOLECULES AS VISHWAVIDHYALAYA ANTITUMOR AGENT TAKSHASHILA CAMPUS, KHANDWA ROAD, INDORE, (M.P.) PCHEM-16 SYNTHESIS AND ANUJ SINGHAI ORIENTAL COLLEGE OF CHARACTERIZATION OF PHARMACY & RESEARCH, 1,3,4-OXADIAZOLE DERIVATIVES ORIENTAL UNIVERSITY, INDORE PCHEM-19 NEW SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DEVSHREE DEVI AHILYA COLLEGE OF ANALYSIS OF GAYAKWAD PHARMACY, INDORE, (M.P.) HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE IN TABLET USING N, N-DIMETHYL UREA AS HYDROTROPIC AGENT. PCHEM-22 REVERSED-PHASE HIGH- NIZAMI TAHIR SCHOOL OF PERFORMANCE LIQUID PHARMACEUTICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD SCIENCES, JAIPUR FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, OF VILDAGLIPTIN AND JAGATAPURA, JAIPUR METFORMIN IN COMBINED TABLET DOSAGE FORM. PCOL-01 ANTIANEMIC ACTIVITY OF DEEPANSHU GUPTA MODERN INSTITUTE HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF PHARMACEUTICAL OF FRUIT OF Solanum melongena IN SCIENCES, INDORE, (M.P.) PHENYLHYDRAZINE-INDUCED ANEMIC RATS PCOL-02 EFFECT OF TERMINALIA CATAPPA ANKUR JOSHI RESEARCH SCHOLAR, EXTRACT ON BIOCHEMICAL MANDSAUR UNIVERSITY, MARKERS OF BRAIN IN AMNESIC MANDSAUR RATS MODERN INSTITUTE OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, INDORE, (M.P.) PCOL-03 COMPARATIVE STUDY SHAILY CHAUDHARY SMRITI COLLEGE OF OF AGOMELATINE AND PHARMACEUTICAL VENLAFAXINE FOR THE EDUCATION, INDORE, (M.P.) REDUCTION OF BUYING BEHAVIOR IN OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER PCOG-01 IN VITRO PRODUCTION OF AJAY G. NAMDEO POONA COLLEGE OF WITHANOLIDES FROM HAIRY PHARMACY, BHARATI ROOT CULTURES OF WITHANIA VIDYAPEETH DEEMED SOMNIFERA IN LOW-COST UNIVERSITY, PUNE, (M.H.) PROTOCOL PCOG-02 FORMULATION AND EVALUATION SUMEET DWIVEDI DEPARTMENT OF OF HERBAL TABLET FOR THE PHARMACOGNOSY, SWAMI TREATMENT OF DIGESTIVE VIVEKANAND COLLEGE DISORDERS OF PHARMACY, INDORE, (M.P.) PCOG-04 DEVELOPMENT OF POLYHERBAL DEEPAK JAIN CENTRE FOR RESEARCH WITH ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND DEVELOPMENT, PACIFIC UNIVERSITY, UDAIPUR, (R.J.)

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S6 PCOG-05 HERBAL DENTAL GEL OF REENA SONI DEPARTMENT OF ESSENTIAL OILS FOR TREATMENT PHARMACY, SHRI OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES G.S. INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, 23-PARK ROAD, INDORE, (M.P.) PCOG-24 EVALUATION OF ANTIDIABETIC YASHRAJ YADAV PINNACLE BIOMEDICAL ACTIVITY OF ROOT AND STEM RESEARCH INSTITUTE, EXTRACT OF QUISQUALIS INDICA BHOPAL, (M.P.) LINN PCOG-25 DEVELOPMENT OF QUALITY NAZIM TRUBA INSTITUTE OF CONTROL PARAMETERS FOR PHARMACY, BHOPAL (M P.) BALCHATURBHADRA CHURNA PCOG-26 ASSESSMENT OF ANTIULCER SATISH SURYAVANSHI TRUBA INSTITUTE OF ACTIVITY OF ALCOHOLIC PHARMACY, BHOPAL EXTRACTS OF GLORIOSA SUPERBA TUBERS. PCOG-27 ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ARUN LAWANA TRUBA INSTITUTE OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF PHARMACY, BHOPAL MORINGA OLEIFERA PCS-10 FORMULATION AND VIVEKANAND KISAN H. R. PATEL INSTITUTE DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIFUNGAL CHATAP OF PHARMACEUTICAL LIQUID VAPORIZER FOR COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH, AREA: A SOCIAL INNOVATIVE KARWAND NAKA, IDEA FOR SOCIETY SHIRPUR. TAL- SHIRPUR, DIST- DHULE, (M.H.) PCS-13 FORMULATION AND EVALUATION ANKIT MANGAL SMRITI COLLEGE OF OF PARACETAMOL CONTAIN PHARMACEUTICAL ANTIPYRETIC CHOCOLATE EDUCATION, INDORE, (M.P.) PCS-17 DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION PRERNA CHOUHAN INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY OF HP-Β-CD COMPLEXATION- RESEARCH LAB, BASED NOVEL OPHTHALMIC DEPARTMENT OF IN SITU GEL FORMULATION OF PHARMACY, SHRI NEPAFENAC G. S. INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, 23-PARK ROAD, INDORE, (M.P.) PCS-21 FORMULATION AND EVALUATION PORWAL AYUSH LAKSHMI NARAIN OF SOLID SELF-EMULSIFYING COLLEGE OF PHARMACY DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF (RCP), INDORE (M.P.) ATORVASTATIN PCS-22 L-VALINE CONJUGATED PLGA SANJAY MISHRA ORIENTAL COLLEGE OF NANOPARTICLES FOR ORAL PHARMACY & RESEARCH, INSULIN DELIVERY ORIENTAL UNIVERSITY, INDORE PCS-25 THERANOSTICS: AMALGAMATION KALVATALA SCHOOL OF OF THERAPEUTICS AND SUDHAKAR PHARMACEUTICAL DIAGNOSTICS SCIENCES, LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY, JALANDHAR

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S7 PCS-27 THERAPEUTIC-LOADED TRUPTI SHUKLA TRUBA INSTITUTE OF MICROEMULSION-BASED PHARMACY, BHOPAL TRANSDERMAL FORMULATION FOR MANAGEMENT OF SPASM PCS-28 EFFECT OF HERBOMINERAL SHARAD PANDEY TRUBA INSTITUTE OF PREPARATION AND THEIR PHARMACY, BHOPAL CORRESPONDING METAL NANOPARTICLE ON ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY AND GROWTH PATTERN OF BAKERS YEAST PCHEM-02 2D AND 3D QSAR ANALYSIS JITENDRA SAINY SCHOOL OF PHARMACY, OF AZINE DERIVATIVES AS DEVI AHILYA ANTIDIABETIC AGENTS VISHWAVIDYALAYA, TAKSHASHILA CAMPUS, RING ROAD, INDORE (M.P.) PCHEM-03 COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN ANJALI CHANDANI VNS FACULTY OF PARA-CHLORO AND PARA- PHARMACY, VNS FLUORO NOVEL PYRAZOLE GROUP OF INSTITUTES, DERIVED SAMPLES WITH THE NEELBADH, BHOPAL, (M.P) HELP OF THEIR PHYSIOCHEMICAL AND STRUCTURAL EVALUATION PCHEM-04 VALIDATION OF A LIQUID RAM SINGH BISHNOI DEPARTMENT OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD PHARMACEUTICAL FOR THE DETERMINATION SCIENCES, MOHAN LAL OF PANTOPRAZOLE SODIUM SUKHADIA UNIVERSITY RESIDUES ON SURFACES UDAIPUR RAJASTHAN IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PHARMACEUTICALS PCHEM-05 MOLECULAR DOCKING OF SOME SHREYA NIGAM SCHOOL OF PHARMACY, SCHIFF BASE DERIVATIVE AS DEVI AHILYA ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT VISHWAVIDYALAYA, INDORE, (M.P.) PCHEM-06 QSAR STUDIES ON 3-(4-CHLORO- SRIJAL PATEL SCHOOL OF PHARMACY, 2-HYDROXYPHENYL)-2- DEVI AHILYA (SUBSTITUTED)THIAZOLIDIN-4- VISHWAVIDYALAYA, ONE AS ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS TAKSHASHILA CAMPUS, KHANDWA ROAD, INDORE, (M.P.) PCHEM-08 SYNTHESIS OF HIGHLY PAWAN GOUD MODERN INSTITUTE SUBSTITUTED INDENES FROM OF PHARMACEUTICAL ARYL VINYL ALCOHOL SCIENCES, INDORE, (M.P.) PCHEM-11 TWO DIMENSIONAL BHAGAT SINGH SCHOOL OF PHARMACY, QUANTITATIVE STRUCTURE– CHOUHAN DEVI AHILYA ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP STUDY VISHWAVIDYALAYA, 2-AMINOBENZOTHIAZOLE TAKSHASHILA PARISAR, DERIVATIVES AS KHANDWA ROAD, INDORE, ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY (M.P.) PCHEM-18 MOLECULAR DOCKING OF SHWETA MISHRA SCHOOL OF PHARMACY, POTENT BRUTON’S TYROSINE DEVI AHILYA KINASE INHIBITORS VISHWAVIDYALAYA, TAKSHASHILA PARISAR, INDORE, (M.P.)

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S8 PCHEM-23 DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION A. JAIN SCHOOL OF PHARMACY, OF STABILITY INDICATING ASSAY DAVV, INDORE, MP METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF GEMIGLIPTIN AND ITS DE GRADIENTS BY RP-UHPLC PCOL-04 ANTIBIOTIC EVALUATION NEHA VISHNOI DEPARTMENT OF OF ODONTOGENIC MICROBIOLOGY, PEOPLES MICROBIOLOGICAL SPECTRUM DENTAL ACADEMY, OF OROFACIAL INFECTION BHANPUR, BHOPAL, (M.P.) REW-01 THE TOPICAL DRUG DELIVERY OF ANKITA MANDAL SMRITI COLLEGE OF ITRACONAZOLE MICROSPHERES PHARMACEUTICAL BY SOLVENT EVAPORATION EDUCATION, INDORE (M.P.) METHOD REW-02 MODE OF ACTION OF ANJALI CHANDANI VNS FACULTY OF DIFFERENT TURMERIC PHARMACY, VNS DERIVED CURCUMIN AND GROUP OF INSTITUTES, CURCUMINOID FORMULATIONS NEELBADH, BHOPAL (M.P) ON THE NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDER, ALZHEIMER’S. REW-04 HERBAL DRUG USE AS RAKESH PUNASIYA GRY INSTITUE OF A PHARMACEUTICAL PHARMACY BORAWAN, BIOAVAILABILITY ENHANCER KHARGONE , (M.P.) REW-06 A REVIEW: ROLE OF RUHEE JAIN BM COLLEGE OF NANOPARTICLE IN HERBAL PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION EDUCATION & RESEARCH, INDORE, (M.P.) REW-07 FORMULATION, DEVELOPMENT, SHIKHA JAISWAL BM COLLEGE OF AND EVALUATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL NANOMIEMGEL FOR THE EDUCATION & RESEARCH, TREATMENT OF SKIN DISEASE: A INDORE, (M.P.) REVIEW REW-08 A REVIEW ON ANTIDEPRESSANT SHUCHI JAIN BM COLLEGE OF ACTIVITY OF BETA-CAROTENE PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH, INDORE, (M.P.) REW-09 IONTOPHORESIS FACILITATED SHWETA AWASTHY SHRI G.S. INSTITUTE OF OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY: TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, A REVIEW ON RECENT 23-PARK ROAD, INDORE, ADVANCEMENT AND FUTURE (M.P.) PROSPECTIVE REW-10 COSMECEUTICALS: A NOVEL ALISHA JAIN RESEARCH SCHOLAR, APPROACH IN SKIN CARE MANDSAUR UNIVERSITY, REWAS DEWDA ROAD, MANDSAUR, (M.P.) DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS, SMRITI COLLEGE OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION, INDORE, (M.P.)

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S9 REW-11 LIQUISOLID TECHNIQUE AS A MADHAVI KASTURI SMRITI COLLEGE OF PROMISING TOOL TO ENHANCE PHARMACEUTICAL SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION EDUCATION, INDORE, (M.P.) OF BCS CLASS II DRUGS REW-12 A REVIEW ON FICUS PALMATA AKANSHA PORWAL DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS, MANDSAUR UNIVERSITY, MANDSAUR, (M.P.) REW-13 A REVIEW: DEVELOPMENT OF JAYESH HADA DEPARTMENT OF ANTI-OBESITY FORMULATION PHARMACEUTICS, AND ITS EVALUATION B.R.NAHATA COLLEGE OF PARAMETERS PHARMACY, MANDSAUR, (M.P.) REW-14 NATURAL GUMS AND MUCILAGES KASHISH KUMAR DEPARTMENT OF AS PHARMACEUTICAL GODAWAT PHARMACEUTICS, EXCIPIENTS B.R.NAHATA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, MANDSAUR, (M.P.) REW-15 GYNECOLOGICAL DISORDERS MOHD. TALHA DEPARTMENT OF AND THEIR TREATMENT WITH NIYARGAR MEDICINAL AND HERBAL DRUGS: A REVIEW PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY, B.R.NAHATA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, MANDSAUR UNIVERSITY, MHOW-NEEMUCH ROAD, MANDSAUR, (M.P.) REW-16 A SYSTEMATIC COMPREHENSIVE SONI PRIYANKA SCHOOL OF PHARMACY, SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION OF DEVI AHILYA COMPUTER-AIDED DRUG DESIGN VISHWAVIDYALAYA, IN FIGHTING AGAINST DIABETES INDORE, (M.P.) MELLITUS: SUCCESS, LIMITATIONS, AND FUTURE REW-17 A REVIEW ON SUSTAINED- SHIVANI SONI SMRITI COLLEGE OF RELEASE TABLETS PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION, INDORE, (M.P.) REW-18 HAIR GROWTH PROMOTION AND ANINDYA GOSWAMI SMRITI COLLEGE OF HERBAL COSMECEUTICALS PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION, INDORE, (M.P.) REW-19 REVIEW ON FORMULATION OF SHIVANEE VYAS LAKSHMI NARAIN HERBAL ANTIACNE CREAM COLLEGE OF PHARMACY INDORE, (M.P.) PHARMACY DEPARTMENT, DR. APJ ABDUL KALAM UNIVERSITY, INDORE, (M.P.) REW-20 MOLECULAR MODELING STUDY JYOTI PANDEY SCHOOL OF PHARMACY, OF BIOISOSTERES OF HYDANTOIN SURESH GYAN VIHAR AS POTENT ALDOSE REDUCTASE UNIVERSITY, JAIPUR, INHIBITOR RAJASTHAN, INDIA, DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL, RKDF INSTITUTE OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, INDORE, (M.P.)

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S10 REW-21 TOPICAL DRUG DELIVERY ARTI MAJUMDAR SMRITI COLLEGE OF BY NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID PHARMACEUTICAL CARRIERS FOR THE TREATMENT EDUCATION, INDORE, (M.P.) OF SKIN CANCER REW-22 MEDICINAL USES OF LEPIDIUM PRASHANT DEPARTMENT OF SATIVUM: A REVIEW DHANWANI MEDICINAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY, B.R.NAHATA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, MANDSAUR UNIVERSITY, MHOW-NEEMUCH ROAD, MANDSAUR, (M.P.) REW-23 ANTIMICROBIAL POTENTIAL DEEPA VARANDANI PINNACLE BIOMEDICAL OF TAGETES ERECTA LEAVES RESEARCH INSTITUTE, SILVER NANOPARTICLES AND ITS BHOPAL, (M.P.) ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY REW-24 A REVIEW ON PLANT ESSENTIAL DEEPAK KUMAR PHARMACY DEPARTMENT, OILS AS MOSQUITO REPELLENT GUPTA DR. A.P.J ABDUL KALAM UNIVERSITY, INDORE, (M.P.) REW-25 BIOLOGICAL AND MEDICINAL KHUSHBU JAIN DEPARTMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE OF CHALCONE: PHARMACY, ORIENTAL CURRENT CHALLENGES AND UNIVERSITY, INDORE, FUTURE PROSPECTUS (M.P.) REW-26 PREDICTION OF DIABETES MONISH GUPTA SMRITI COLLEGE OF MELLITUS USING PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMINFORMATICS EDUCATION, INDORE (M.P.) REW-27 LIVER CIRRHOSIS AND HERBAL VIVEK KUMAR SMRITI COLLEGE OF REMEDIES PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION, INDORE (M.P.) REW-28 HERBAL THERAPY FOR SHWETA SHRIWAS PHARMACY DEPARTMENT, GYNECOLOGICAL DISORDERS DR. A.P.J ABDUL KALAM UNIVERSITY, INDORE, (M.P.) REW-29 A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON KALINDI CHAUHAN DEPARTMENT OF NYCTANTHES ARBORTRISTIS PHARMACEUTICS, LINN. MANDSAUR UNIVERSITY, MANDSAUR (M.P.) REW-30 ENHANCED PRODUCTION RAJIV SAXENA SMRITI COLLEGE OF OF PLANT SECONDARY PHARMACEUTICAL METABOLITES THROUGH THE EDUCATION, INDORE (M.P.) USE OF BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC ELICITORS: A REVIEW REW-31 REVIEW ON TOXICOVIGILANCE NEETU PANCHOLI DR. A.P.J ABDUL KALAM STUDY OF HERBAL MEDICINES UNIVERSITY, INDORE

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S11 Comparative Study and Pharmacological Evaluation of Antiulcer Activity of Some Polyherbal Formulations

PCOG-03 Sachin Kumar Jain, Dinesh Kumar Jain, Neelam Balekar Department of Pharmacology, IPS Academy College of Pharmacy, Rajendra Nagar Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

The present study was aimed at evaluating the antiulcer activity of the polyherbal formulation (PHF) containing the fruit extracts of Emblica officinalis, Terminalia chebula, and leaf extracts of Murraya koenigii in rats. The antiulcer activity of the PHF was evaluated using different models of gastric ulcers: Ethanol-induced and pylorus ligation-induced gastric ulcers. Effectiveness was assessed by determining the ulcer index, gastric juice volume, and gastric juice pH. Administration of the PHF (150 mg/kg, p.o.) offered noteworthy protection against ethanol-induced, pylorus ligation-induced gastric ulcers models when compared to the control group. PHF, containing leaf extracts of E. officinalis, T. chebula, and leaf extracts of M. koenigii, was found to possess antiulcer properties in two experimental animal models of gastric ulcers, and these findings suggest that the significant gastroprotective activity could be mediated by its antioxidant activity.

Key words: Antiulcer activity, pylorus ligation, ulcer index

INTRODUCTION collected from Indore region, Indore, MP. All the plants were procured and ready for the extraction. an has used plants as medicines for thousands of years.[1] Conventionally, Mpeptic ulcers have been described as difference between luminal acid peptic attacks and mucosal defense.[2] The behavior of peptic ulcers with plant products used in folk medication and fortification of induced gastric ulcer in laboratory animals using medicinal plants was reported. In general, plant flavonoids have been found to be efficient against ulcer Emblica officinalis in experimental animals and exhibit several biological effects.[3] An ulcer is fundamentally an inflamed break in the skin or the mucus membrane inside layer the alimentary tract. Ulceration occurs when there is a disturbance of the normal equilibrium caused by either enhanced aggression or diminished mucosal resistance.[4]

Murraya koeingii MATERIALS AND METHODS Address for correspondence: Plant material Sachin Kumar Jain, IPS Academy College of Pharmacy, Rajendra Nagar Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. Emblica officinalis, Terminalia chebula, and E-mail: [email protected] fruits and leafs of Murraya koeingii were

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S12 Table 1: Antiulcer activity of the E. officinalis, T. chebula, fruits and leafs of M. koenigii ethanol extract Treatment Ulcer index (mean±SEM) Ulcer inhibition (%) Control 6.000±0.423 Omeprazole 20 mg/kg 5.520±0.214* 83.3 E. officinalis fruit extract 150 mg/kg 5.167±0.485 78.2 T. chebula fruit extract 150 mg/kg 4.961±1.523 73.8 M. koenigii leaf extract 150 mg/kg 4.821±1.143 75.2 *Mean±SEM (n=6). Significant at **P<0.01 compared to control group. E. officinalis: Emblica officinalis, T. chebula: Terminalia chebula, M. koenigii: Murraya koenigii

Figure 1: Antiulcer activity of the Emblica officinalis, Terminalia chebula, fruits and leafs of Murraya koenigii ethanol extract

oral administration of 50% ethanol (5 mL/kg). The animals were sacrificed after 1 h following administration of ethanol. The stomach was removed, opened along the greater curvature and sum of length of lesions (mm) was calculated and expressed as lesion index.

Pylorus Ligation in Rats

E. officinalis, T. chebula, and fruits and leafs of M. koeingii Terminalia Chebula extracts (150 mg/kg) were administered for a period of 7 days. On day 7, after the last dose of all extracts, the rats Preparation of extract were kept for 24 h fasting, and care was taken to avoid coprophagy. Under light ether anesthesia, the abdomen was The crude drugs were washed with running tap water and opened, and pylorus was ligated without causing any damage separated before being chopped into pieces. They were oven- to its blood vessels. The stomach was replaced cautiously, dried at 45°C for 2 days and ground to powder. The ground and the abdominal wall was stopped up with intermittent powder was extracted with ethanol and the solvent was then sutures. The animals were deprived of water throughout the post-operative stage [Table 1 and Figure 1]. removed by filtration. This ethanol crude extract was further extracted with water, and then separated using separating funnels. CONCLUSION

Ethanol-induced gastric lesions In the present study, E. officinalis fruit extract 150 mg/kg showed prevention of gastric lesions in comparison to all other Groups of rats fasted for 24 h received either E. officinalis, extracts groups. In addition, there is extensive experimental T. chebula, fruits and leafs of M. koeingii extracts (150 mg/kg), evidence, which indicates that certain substances through or control vehicle. After 30 min, ulceration was induced by free radical scavenging protect the gastric mucosa.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S13 REFERENCES activity of extracts from Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) root, fruit and leaf. Food Chem 2002;78:227. 1. Hirazumi A, Feurasawa E. An immunomodulatory 3. Rajnarayana K, Reddy MS, Chaluvadi MR, Krishna DR. polysaccharide-rich substance from the fruit juice of Bioflavonoids classification, pharmacological, biochemical Morinda citrifolia (noni) with anti-tumor activity. effects and therapeutic potential. Indian J Pharmacol 2001;33:2. Phytother Res 1999;13:380. 4. Rastogi P, Mehrotra BN. Compendium of Indian 2. Zin ZM, Abdul-Hamid A, Osman A. Antioxidative Medicinal Plants. Vol. 1. New Delhi: PID; 1990. p. 279.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S14 Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Nail Polish Containing Herbal Ingredients

Malviya Smriti, Prajapati Bharti, Prajapati Sonu, Jain Magesh Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam University, Indore, Madhya PCOG-06 Pradesh, India

Abstract

Lavandula angustifolia dried flowers have been used for centuries in pillows and sachets to promote sleep and relaxation, and oil of spike lavender is used as an insect repellent. Family is Lamiaceae. Lavender oil is an essential oil obtained by distillation from the flower spikes of certain species of lavender. Two forms are distinguished, lavender flower oil - colorless oil, insoluble in water, having a density of 0.885 g/mL; and lavender spike oil - a distillate from the herb Lavandula latifolia, having density 0.905 g/mL. Like all essential oils, it is not a pure compound; it is a complex mixture of naturally occurring photochemical, including linalool and linalyl acetate. Kashmir lavender oil is famous for being produced from lavender at the foothills of the Himalayas. As of 2011, the biggest lavender oil producer in the world is Bulgaria. Disambiguation the beetroot is the taproot portion of the beet plant, usually known in North America as the beet, also table beet, garden beet, red beet, or golden beet. It is one of several of the cultivated varieties of beta vulgaris grown for their edible taproots and their leaves (called beet greens). These varieties have been classified as Berberis vulgaris subsp. vulgaris Conditiva Group, family Amaranthaceae.

Key words: Beta vulgaris, cosmetic, Lavandula angustifolia, nail paint

INTRODUCTION Unlike many other cosmetics that have a history of hundreds or even thousands of years, nail polish (or lacquer, or enamel) rchaeological evidence of cosmetics is almost completely an invention of 20th century technology. certainly dates from ancient Egypt and Nail coverings were not unknown in ancient times-the upper Greece. According to one source,[2] classes of ancient Egypt probably used henna to dye both hair A and fingernails-but essentially, its composition, manufacture early major developments include the use of castor oil in ancient Egypt as a protective balm and handling reflect developments in modern chemical and skin creams made of beeswax, olive oil, technology. and rosewater described by the Romans. The ancient Greeks also used cosmetics.[3,4] MATERIALS AND METHODS Nail polish (also known as nail varnish) is a lacquer that can be applied to the human Selection of plant fingernails or toenails to decorate and protect the nail plates. The formulation has been revised Formula first is lavender flower and second one is beetroot repeatedly to enhance its decorative effects and to which is selected on the basis of literature survey. suppress cracking or flaking. Nail polish consists of a solution of an organic polymer and several other components, depending on the brand. Collection and authentication of plants

Unlike many other cosmetics that have a history The selected plants were collected in the month of July 2016 of hundreds or even thousands of years, nail polish from the local area of Indore, Madhya Pradesh, and identified (or lacquer, or enamel) is almost completely and authenticated in the Department of Pharmacognosy, an invention of 20th century technology. Nail Central India Institute of Pharmacy, Indore, Madhya, Pradesh. coverings were not unknown in ancient times - the upper classes of ancient Egypt probably used henna to dye both hair and fingernails - but essentially, Address for correspondence: its composition, manufacture, and handling reflect Malviya Smriti, Collage of Pharmacy, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul developments in modern chemical technology. Kalam University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S15 Table 1: Ingredients with their prescribed quantity in the formulation of herbal nail polish Ingredients Importance Quantity (ML) Quantity (ML) F1 F2 Olive oil Viscosity, abrasion 0.5 ‑ Butyl acetate Suitable plasticizer 0.2 0.2 Ethyl acetate Hardness and toughness 2.0 2.0 Diethyl phthalate Stiffness, flexible 1.5 1.5 Camphor Increase flexibility 0.45 0.45 Castor oil Hardness and drying time 0.05 0.05 Formaldehyde Film former, viscosity ‑ 0.5 Beetroot Coloring agent q. s q. s. Lavender flower Coloring and perfumery q. s. q. s. q.s.: Quantity sufficient

Formulation of herbal nail polish HL, F-3 was best among the five formulations. Hence, from the present investigation, it was concluded that this formulated The different herbs used in the development of herbal nail herbal nails polish has a better option to women with minimal polish are most important. Ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, olive side effects through a detailed clinical trials may be done to oil, castor oil, camphor, diethyl phthalate, coloring, and access the formulation for better efficacy. perfumery agents are used in the formulation. Lavender flowers are used as coloring and perfumery agent, and beetroot is used as a coloring in the formulation. CONCLUSION

The herbal nail polish was formulated as per method described. The usage of herbal cosmetics has been increased to many The ingredients used along with their formulation aspects had folds in the personal care system, and there is a great demand been mentioned in Table 1. All the ingredients are taken in for the herbal cosmetics. The use of bioactive ingredients in definite ratio, and two formulations (F1–F2) were prepared. cosmetics influence biological functions of skin and provide nutrients. It is necessary for the healthy skin and nails. There Characterization of herbal nail polish is tremendous scope to launch numerous herbal cosmetics using appropriate bioactive ingredients with suitable fatty It is very essential to maintain a uniform standard for herbal oils, essential oils, proteins, and additives. nail polish, keeping this view in mind the formulated herbal nail polish was evaluated on the parameters such as drying To look beautiful is the aim of every female to have a right to time, smoothness, hardness, adhesion, abrasion resistance, look gorgeous and beautiful nails. pH parameters, water resistance, viscosity, stability, colors, skin irritant test, and perfumery test. REFERENCES

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1. Bulgarian Lavender Producers Worrie about Demand Drop. Available from: http://www.ChinaPost.com. [Last The present work carries the results of “formulation, accessed on 2011 Jul 14]. development, and evolution of herbal nail polish containing 2. Power C. Women in Prehistoric Art. In: Berghaus G, natural ingredients.” It indicates the results of use of herbal/ editor. New Perspectives in Prehistoric Art. Westport, natural ingredients in the development of nail polish with CT & London: Praeger; 2004. p. 75-104. minimal or no side effects. In past few decades, there has been 3. Ian W. In: Botha R, Knight C, editors. Red Ochre, Body tremendous boost in use of cosmetics by women. However, the Painting and Language: In-terpreting the Blombos ochre. hazards causes by these chemicals have come into limelight The Cradle of Language. Oxford: Oxford University very recently. The present work formulation and evaluation of Press; 2009. p. 62-92. herbal nail polish were aimed to formulate a nail polish using 4. Schneider G, Gohla S, Schreiber J, Kaden W, herbal ingredients with a hope to minimize the side effects Schönrock U, Schmidt-Lewerkühne H, et al. Skin as produced by the available synthetic ones. The prepared Cosmetics in Ullmann‘s Encyclopedia of Industrial formulation [Table 1] was evaluated and it was found that the Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH; 2005.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S16 In vitro Antioxidant Activity Comparison among French Bean, Green Bean, and Kidney Bean

PCOG-07 Aman Parashar, Kushagra Dubey 1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education Indore, Madhya Pradesh

Abstract

The present study was carried out with the objective to compare the antioxidant activity among kidney beans, cluster beans, and french beans. Comparison of three different beans was done to check the better available option for antioxidant in daily usage. To carry out the experiment, three different beans were subjected to shade drying; they were grounded and converted to uniform powdered form. Extraction of an active constituent was carried out by hydroalcoholic extraction method. Various dilutions of different concentrations for three different beans were prepared, and assay for antioxidant activity was carried out using ascorbic acid as a positive control. It was found that yellow color of the ferric - ferricyanide complex was changed to ferrous - ferricyanide of various shades of green and blue. The results were some more satisfactory in case of kidney beans.

Key words: Antioxidant, cluster bean, ferric ferricyanide, ferrous ferricyanide, french bean, kidney bean

INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS

erbal medicine, also called botanical French beans, cluster beans, and kidney beans were bought as medicine or phytomedicine, refers fresh pods from the local market of Vijay Nagar and Pipliyana, Hto using a plant’s seeds, berries, district Indore. Ascorbic acid, ethanol, trichloroacetic acid, roots, leaves, bark, or flowers for medicinal and ferric chloride were procured from the Smriti College purposes. Herbalism has a long tradition of of Pharmaceutical Education, Indore. Ingredients used in the use outside of conventional medicine. It is experiment were of laboratory grade. becoming more mainstream as improvements in analysis and quality control, along with All the three different beans’ pods were shade dried for advances in clinical research, show the value 15 days; they were then grounded to uniform powder. of herbal medicine in treating and preventing Hydroalcoholic extraction method was used to extract out the disease. To protect the cells and organ systems active constituent from the powder.[3] Extracts were further of the body against reactive oxygen species, used for the antioxidant activity analyses, and results were humans have evolved a highly sophisticated drawn. and complex antioxidant protection system. It involves a variety of components, both Table 1: Percentage yields of extracts (%W/W) endogenous and exogenous in origin, that Beans % Yield function interactively and synergistically to Green beans 1.8 neutralize free radicals.[1] The Food and Drug Administration defines antioxidants only as Kidney beans 2.3 dietary supplements to be taken in addition to French beans 2.1 normal food consumption in an effort to prevent these diseases.[2] The aim of comparative study Address for correspondence: is to find out the best available source that can Kushagra Dubey, Smriti College of Pharmaceutical inhibit the oxidative activity of free radical Education, Indore,Mahya Pradesh. generated through various metabolic processes E-mail: [email protected] in the living system.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S17 Table 2: Percentage inhibition Concentration (µg/mL) % Inhibition KB % Inhibition CB % Inhibition FB % Inhibition ascorbic acid 50 25.94±0.34 8.33±0.32 14.48±0.47 40.62±0.15 100 42.18±0.52 13.58±0.98 24.63±0.55 60.07±0.80 150 44.86±0.55 20.56±0.79 32.86±0.82 67.36±0.25 200 61.02±0.22 23.24±0.25 41.16±0.29 78.41±0.33 250 72.26±0.16 30.37±0.15 58.08±0.43 85.12±0.28 KB: Kidney beans, FB: French beans, CB: Cluster beans

Figure 1: Relation between percent inhibition and plasma concentration

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION However, kidney beans showed maximum activity. However, further detailed investigation, especially in vivo antioxidant, Present research was carried out to evaluate antioxidant activity and toxicity studies are needed to justify its use as a natural of hydroalcoholic extracts of three beans. Total 20 gram power source of antioxidants to prevent the progression of many of each herb was used for extraction. Dry weight of extractives diseases. and percent yield of extractives are given in Table 1.

The reducing capacity of the extracts and fractions were REFERENCES performed using Fe3+ to Fe2+ reduction assay. The yellow color changes to pale green and blue color depending on the 1. Gutteridge JM, Halliwell B. Antioxidants in Nutrition, concentration of antioxidants in the samples. The Percentage Health and Disease. New York: Oxford University Press inhibition is given in Table-2. The antioxidants such as Inc.; 1996. phenolic acid and flavonoids were present in considerable amount in the extract of all the three beans. All the samples 2. Khan BA, Abraham A, Leelamma S. Antioxidant effect showed reducing capacity in a concentration dependant of curry leaves, Murraya koeingii and mustard seed, manner which is shown in Figure 1. Brassica juncea inrats fed with high fat diet. Indian J Exp Biol 1997;35:148-50. 3. Kawano A, Nakamura H, Hata S, Minakawa M, Miura Y, CONCLUSION Yagasaki K. Hypoglycemic effect of aspalathin, a rooibos tea component from Aspalathus linearis, in The results clearly indicated that hydroalcoholic extracts of Type 2 diabetic model db/db mice. Phytomedicine all the three beans possess significant antioxidant activity. 2009;16:437-43.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S18 Antianemic Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract Seeds of Sesamum Indicum in Phenylhydrazine-induced Anemic Rats

PCOG-08 Chandrakanta Kushwah, Deepanshu Gupta, Ankur Joshi, Sapna Malviya, Anil Kharia Department of Pharmacology, Modern Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shri Prabhat Chandra Kharia Research and Educational Society), Alwasa, Behind Rewati Range, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

The main objective of this research was to evaluate the antianemic activity in a hydroalcoholic extract of seeds of Sesamum indicum in phenylhydrazine-induced anemic rats. Phenylhydrazine (60 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally in rats for 2 days to induce anemia. The animal was divided into 5 groups of 6 animals each. Group 1 was known as normal control group, Group 2 was known as anemic control group, Group 3 was known as standard reference control group

given with Vitamin B12, Group 4 was known as test control-I given with 100 mg/kg of a hydroalcoholic extract of seeds of S. indicum, and Group 5 was known as test control-II given with 200 mg/kg of a hydroalcoholic extract of seeds of S. indicum. All the test drugs were given for 28 days through oral route once in a day. On the 29th day, blood was taken out through the tail puncture and was subjected to the determination of red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and

percentage hematocrit. Both the hydroalcoholic seeds extract of S. indicum and Vitamin B12 significantly increase the HB, RBC and percentage hematocrit level which shows that S. indicum seeds exhibit the antianemic activity.

Key words: Anemia, antianemic activity, hydroalcoholic extract, Sesamum indicum, Vitamin B12

INTRODUCTION

nemia affects the lives of more than 2 billion people globally, accounting for over A30% of the world’s population which is the most common public health problem particularly in developing countries occurring at all stages of the life Cycle. Anemia is a condition that develops when blood lacks enough healthy red blood cells or haemoglobin. Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional disorder in which there is a depleted and a restricted supply of iron to various tissues and which becomes apparent. This may result in depletion of Hemoglobin and iron-dependent intra- cellular enzymes participating in many Preparation of extract metabolic pathways. Plant and plant products are being utilized as a source of medicine since long. The seeds were collected, shade dried and then converted Plant extracts are used as phototherapeutics and into coarse powder. The powder was then filled in a Soxhlet are still a large source of natural antioxidants. apparatus for extraction by 70:30 hydro-alcoholic as a solvent. Particularly, flavonoids and phenolics are The Hydro-alcoholic extract was concentrated by vacuum considered as potential therapeutic agents. In many developing countries, herbal medicines are assumed as greater importance in health care. Address for correspondence: Chandrakanta Kushwah, Modern Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shri Prabhat Chandra Kharia Research and Educational Society), Alwasa, Behind MATERIALS AND METHODS Rewati Range, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. Plant Profile E-mail: [email protected]

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S19 Table 1: Effect of fruit of Physalis minima on haemoglobin, RBC and percentage haematocrit S.No Drug Treatment RBC (106 µL-1) Hb (g dL-1) HCT % 1. Normal Control (0.1% CMC) 8.91±0.61 13.52±0.55 47.88 2. Anemic Control Phenylhydrazine 4.81±0.14 6.22±0.23 28.42 (60mg/kg) 3. Reference control Vit. B12 8.35±0.42*** 13.24±0.73*** 44.29** 4. Test Control - I Sesamum indicum 8.33±0.54*** 13.21±0.74*** 42.61** (100 mg/kg) 5. Test Control - II Sesamum indicum 8.48±0.39*** 13.29±0.68*** 47.35** (200 mg/kg) Data were expressed as Mean ± SEM (n=6), *P<0.05, ** P<0.01 and *** P<0.001 vs. Anemic Control

Figure 1: Fruit of Sesamum indicum Figure2: Plant of Sesamum indicum distillation to dry. The collected extract was stored in suitable separated by centrifugation. Then Plasma was used for container and used for further pharmacological studies. the estimation of various biochemical parameters like Haemoglobin, RBC and percentage Haematocrit. Animals Wistar strain male albino rats, weighing 100–150 g were Statistical Analysis selected for the study. The animals were housed individually Data’s were expressed as mean ± SEM. The data wereanalysed in polypropylene cages under hygienic and standard by using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by environmental conditions (22 ± 3°C, humidity 30–70%, Dunnet’s ‘t’ test. P values < 0.05 were consideredas significant. 12 h light/dark cycle). The animals were allowed to have standard feed and water adlibtum. They were acclimated to CONCLUSION the environment for one week prior to experimental use. It has been concluded that the Hydro-alcoholic seedextract Anti-anemic activity[1-3] of Sesamum indicumexhibits anti-anemic activity against Anemia was induced by intra peritoneal injection of phenyl phenylhydrazine induced anemia in rats. The anti-anemic hydrazine at 60 mg/kg for 2 days, effect produced by the Sesamum indicumseed may be due to its high content of iron which is present in the plant. Following the injections, rats were divided into five groups of six rats each. REFERENCES Group I-Control rats received 0.1% Carboxy methyl cellulose. 1. Aafreen H, Joshi A, Malviya S, Kharia A. Anti-anemic Group II-Phenyl hydrazine treated rats (60 mg/kg per day for 2 days). activity of seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum in male albino rats. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2016; 6:608-12. Group III-Phenyl hydrazine treated rats with Vitamin B per 12 2 .Joshi A, Soni P, Vyas N, Khan J, Malviya S and Kharia day for 28 days. A “Anti-anemic activity of hydro alcoholic leaf extract Group IV-Phenyl hydrazine treated rats with a single dose of of Aegle marmelos in phenylhydrazine induced anemic seedextract of Sesamum indicum (100 mg/kg) per day for 28 days. rats, International Journal of Current Research, Vol. 9, Issue, 04, April, 2017, 48928-48931,. Group V-Phenyl hydrazine treated rats with a single dose of 3. Ankur J, Deepanshu G, Priyanka S, Sapna M, Deenanath J, seedextract of Sesamum indicum (200 mg/kg) per day for 28 days. Anil K. Anti-anemic activity of hydro alcoholic leaf On completion of the experimental period, the blood was extract of Tamarindus Indica in phenylhydrazine induced collected with EDTA as an anticoagulant. Plasma was anemic rats. J Harmon Res Appl Sci 2017; 5:132-135.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S20 In vitro Contraceptive Spermicidal Activity of Saponin Extract of Leaves of Calotropis Procera on Human Semen

PCOG-09 Raghvendra Dubey1, Kushagra Dubey2, C. Sridhar3, K. N. Jayaveera4 1College of Pharmacy, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, 2Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, 3Sri Padmavathi College of Pharmacy, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India, 4Science Tech Foundation, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India

Abstract

Saponin extract of Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br. is evaluated for contraceptive potential by sperm immobilization assay on human semen. The leaves of wild growing plant C. procera (Ait.) R. Br. were collected from Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh and was subjected to successive solvent extraction. The dried methanolic extract was further solvent extracted with water saturated n-butanol. The layers were separated, and n-butanol layer was acidified with 1 N KOH to obtain the raw saponin extract which was confirmed by phytochemical investigation. The extract was screened for in vitro spermicidal activity against human spermatozoa by immobilization assay using human ejaculate in 1:1 ratio. The concentration showing motility inhibition was subjected to sperm viability assay using baker’s medium. The sperm cell plasma membrane integrity study was done by hypoosmotic swelling (HOS) test using phase contrast microscope. The specific saponin extract of C. procera (Ait.) R. Br. at 0.1 mg/mL and 0.5 mg/mL concentration immobilize 92.22–100% and none of the spermatozoa recovered their motility in revival assay. The decrease in sperm viability was observed in range 58.06–70.12%. In HOS test significant morphological changes 65.57–72.01% were observed under phase contrast microscope. The present finding has pointed out that saponin extract shows good human spermatozoa immobilization capacity at concentration 0.5 mg/mL and 0.1 mg/mL in 20 s and 2 min, respectively. The damage to the sperm membrane architecture and impairment of the functional integrity of the plasma membrane was evidenced by a significant reduction in sperm viability and tail curling.

Key words: Human spermatozoa, hypo-osmotic swelling test, saponin extract, sperm immobilization

INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS

opulation is a serious problem which has Preparation of plant extract grave implications related to management of food, water, health care, education, jobs, etc., P The leaves were Soxhlet extracted with 70% methanol, and in developing countries. From the traditional and the extract was further solvent extracted with water-saturated reported literature, it was observed that numbers n-butanol (1:1v/v). The n-butanol phase was separated and of medicinal plants are used for the contraceptive treated with 1M KOH solution. The raw precipitates of approach. The specific saponin extract from plants saponin were obtained, which was dried and screened for has been reported to possess various medicinal phytochemical analysis.[1-3] properties, and some of them are reported to have spermicidal potential.[1-3] Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br. is a common wild growing wasteland weed belongs to family Asclepiadaceae which possess Address for correspondence: various medicinal properties.In the present work, Raghvendra Dubey, College of Pharmacy, Dr. A.P.J. an attempt is made for the evaluating the sperm Abdul Kalam University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. immobilization activity of the saponin extract of E-mail: [email protected] C. procera (Ait.) R. Br. leaves.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S21 Table 1: Sperm immobilization, viability, and HOS test of saponin extract of C. procera Concentration 0.1 mg/mL 0.5 mg/mL Solvent Standard 20 s 2 min 20 s 2 min 0‑2 min 0‑2 min % M 07.778±0.18 0 1.167±0.12 0 79.87±1.20 0 % Im 92.22±0.56 100 98.83±0.22 100 20.13±1.20 100% % IIm 72.092±0.68 79.87±1.20 78.703±0.96 79.87±1.20 ‑ ‑ % SV 27.64±0.48 16.24±0.36 18.34±0.86 16.12±0.58 86.24±0.98 ‑ % RSV 58.06±0.32 70.00±0.34 67.90±0.18 70.12±0.84 ‑ ‑ % HOS 22.64±0.72 (1%) 16.20±0.44 (2%) 88.21±0.64 ‑ % RHOS 65.57±0.54 (1%) 72.01±0.28 (2%) ‑ ‑ % M: Percentage motility, % Im: Percentage inhibition in motility, % IIm: Increase in percentage inhibition in motility, % SV: Sperm viability, % RSV: Reduction in percentage sperm viability, % HOS: Percentage hypoosmotic swelling, % RHOS: Reduced percentage hypoosmotic swelling, % mean of three replicates±SEM. C. procera: Calotropis procera

Immobilization assay curling was significantly reduced from 65.57% to 72.01% (P < 0.001), indicating the impairment of the functional The normal human ejaculates sperm was mixed with the integrity of the plasma membrane. saponin extract of concentration 0.1 mg/mL and 0.5 mg/mL in 1:1 ratio. Drop of the mixture was placed immediately on a pre-warmed slide, and five fields were microscopically CONCLUSION observed for assessment of sperm motility at a time interval of 20 s and 2 min. The sample showing motility inhibition The saponin extract of C. procera (Ait.) R. Br. showed was subjected to sperm revival test by incubating at 37°C for potent spermicidal property against human spermatozoa [1-3] 30 min with bakers medium. at a concentration of 0.5 g/mL and 0.1 g/mL in 20 s and 2 min, respectively. It was concluded that the damage to Sperm HOS and viability analysis the membrane architecture was evidenced by the significant reduction in sperm viability and tail curling. The lost of sperm The extract treated sperm samples at a ratio of 1:1 were mixed plasma membrane integrity will surely reduce the ability of with 1 mL of HOS medium and incubated for 30 min at the cells to induce acrosome reaction and fertilization. 37°C. The inflamed curling tails were examined under phase contrast microscope. Sperm viability test was performed by mixing extract treated sperm sample with eosin Y dye and REFERENCES observed under ×400 magnification.[1-3] 1. Dubey R, Dubey K, Shridhar C, Jayveera KN. Sperm immobilization activity of aqueous, methanolic and RESULTS saponins extract of bark of Ziziphus mauritiana. Pharm Sin 2011;2:11-6. The saponin extract at 0.1 mg/mL and 0.5 mg/mL 2. Dubey R, Dubey K, Shridhar C, Jayveera KN. Human concentration was able to immobilize 92.22–100% of vaginal pathogen inhibition studies on aqueous, the human spermatozoa showed in Table 1. None of the methanolic and saponins extracts of stem barks of spermatozoa, once immobilized, recovered their motility Ziziphus mauritiana. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2011;2:659-63. within 30 min of incubation. The significant decrease in 3. Dubey R, Dubey K, Shridhar C, Jayveera KN. Spermicidal sperm viability 58.06–70.12% was observed which indicates Potential of aqueous, methanolic and saponins extract the spermicidal property of extracts. Under HOS medium of bark of Ziziphus nummlaria. Ethanopharmacology typical morphological changes were observed, and tail 2012;3:612-4.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S22 Analgesic Activity of Various Extract of Hibiscus Syriacus Linn on Rat by Tail Flick Method

PCOG-10 R. Punasiya, K. Sharma, Sujit Pillai Department of Pharmacology, GRY Institute of Pharmacy Borawan, Khargone, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

The plant Hibiscus syriacus Linn. belongs to family “Malvaceae” and considering various medicinal properties of this plant. We assayed in vivo analgesic activity by tail flick method of H. syriacus L. extract using diclofenac sodium as references. H. syriacus Linn. extract has stronger analgesic activity on concentration-dependent manner. Analgesic activities of H. syriacus Linn. were much closed to the diclofenac sodium. Hence, we can conclude that the in vitro study emphasized H. syriacus Linn. effective analgesic activity which may be due to its phenolics and flavonoids contents.

Key words: Analgesic activity, Hibiscus sytiacus, Malvaceae, Wistar albino rats

INTRODUCTION Collection and authentication of plant materials

he traditional Indian system of medicine, The leaves of H. syriacus L. collected from the months of the Ayurveda, mentions the use of plants August–September from the Garden of Jawaharlal Institute in the treatment of various diseased of Technology and G. R. Y. Institute of Pharmacy Vidya T Vihar Borawan district Khargone, Madhya Pradesh. The conditions. Ethnobotanical research done in past few decades has revealed the analgesic properties plant H. syriacus L. was identified and authenticated by of plants cited in the traditional literature. Dr. S.K. Mahajan, Retd Botanist from Government Science Many herbal preparations are being prescribed and Arts College, Khargone, Madhya Pradesh. as an analgesic in the traditional literature.[1] Hibiscus syriacus Linn. (Family: Malvaceae) Preparation of crude extract is commonly known as rose of sharon. Rose of Sharon is valued for large flowers produced It was passed through the 40 mesh sieve dried and powered in summer when few other shrubs bloom. It is flowers defatted first to remove fatty material, and for this useful as a garden accent due to its strict, upright purpose, 100 g of weighed powered flowers of H. syriacus L. habit. The open, loose branches and light green was packed in Soxhlet apparatus and extracted with petroleum leaves make rose of sharon ideally suited to ether then ethanol. A total of 100 g of dried flowers were formal or informal plantings, and with a little soaked in 500 mL of hot water which was then boiled for pruning makes an attractive, small specimen [2] 24 h and kept for 24 h undisturbed and then filtered through tree. Hibiscus, especially white hibiscus, is sterile filter paper [Table 1]. considering to have medicinal properties in the Indian traditional system of medicine, Ayurveda. Roots make various concoctions believed to Determination of analgesic activity by tail flick cure various ailments.[3] method

Twenty four healthy Wistar albino rats weighing between MATERIALS AND METHODS 150 and 200 g were divided into six groups each comprising six rats with 1:1 sex ratio. The tail flick latency was assessed The present study is based on traditional knowledge of the plant. The study reveals the Address for correspondence: potency of ethanolic extract of H. syriacus. R. Punasiya, GRY Institute of Pharmacy Borawan, Ethanolic extract of H. syriacus is preparing by Khargone, Madhya Pradesh, India. hot percolation method.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S23 by the analgesiometer (Techno India). The magnitude of the current which was passing through the naked nichrome

7 wire the radiant heat (55°C ± 2) in the tail was applied and maintained at 2.5 cm from the root of the tail. The time 1.84±0.43 2.28±0.53* 5.87±1.12** 3.56±0.75** taken in seconds before administration of the drugs for all rats from each group was recorded. A group was kept as negative control and was given 0.5 mL distilled water orally. Diclofenac sodium 50 mg/kg was administered to B group 6 and was kept as standard or as a positive control. Ethanolic 1.57±0.16 2.25±0.14*

5.69±0.87** 3.33±0.40** extract of H. syriacus L. was given to C groups 500 mg/kg orally. Aqueous extract of H. syriacus L. was given to D groups 500 mg/kg, respectively, orally. 5 1.22±0.09 2.03±0.14*

4.95±0.75** 3.31±0.31** RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The plant H. syriacus flowers extract shows significant and dose-dependent analgesic activity in all the tested models; as

4 illustrated in Table 1. The reaction time of animal showed significant increases with increasing duration. All extracts 1.09±0.24 2.60±0.17* 2.01±0.19* 4.91±1.79** of H. syriacus flowers showed dose-dependent analgesic activity and have shown a maximum effect at 240 min after administration of the drug. When compared with all another

3 extract, ethanol extract showed significant analgesic activity (5.25 ± 1.37 s) at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight. Aqueous 2.25±0.23* 1.99±0.21* 1.085±0.12 4.76±1.58** extract is having analgesic activity but not much significant as ethanolic flowers extract. Reaction time (seconds) ± SEM (h) 2 REFERENCES 0.98±0.22 2.13±0.38* 1.83±0.36* 4.45±0.43** 1. Umachigi SP, Jayaveera NK, Kumar CK, Bharathi T,

<0.05 values are compared with control groups Kumar GS. Evaluation of antioxidant properties of P leaves of Hibiscus syriacus L. Pharmacologyonline 1 2008;1:51-65. 0.96±0.10 2.06±0.14* 1.37±0.25* <0.001, * 2. Kwon SW, Hong SS, Kim JI, Ahn IH. Antioxidant 3.33±0.17** P

Determination of analgesic activity by tail flick method properties of heat-treated Hibiscus syriacus. Cell biol Bull 2003;30:15-6. 3. Geng M, Ren M, Liu Z, Shang X. Free radical scavenging 0

Table 1: activities of pigment extract from Hibiscus syriacus L. petals in vitro. Afr J Biotechnol 2012;11:429-35. 0.88±0.24 1.53±0.11* 1.31±0.15* 2.73±0.60** ‑ 100 500 500 Dose mg/kg =06 in each group; all drugs given 30 min prior ** n Control (vehicle) Standard (diclofenac sodium) Methanol extract Aqueous extract Treatment 1 2 3 4 Values are±SEM; Group

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S24 Analgesic Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Lycium Barbarum Leaves

Sirvi Someshver, Sharma Urvashi, Malviya Sapna, Kharia Anil Department of Pharmacology, Modern Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India PCOG-11

Abstract

The aim of the present investigation is to evaluate the analgesic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Lycium barbarum leaves on Wister albino rat. Analgesic activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of the L. barbarum at a dose of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg was evaluated against the standard drug pentazocine at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Adult Wister albino rat of either sex of divided into 4 groups comprising six numbers in each group was undertaken for study and evaluated by tail flick method and hot plate method. The two doses of L. barbarum leaves hydroalcoholic extract were found to produce significant (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) analgesic activity. In tail flick method, the crude extract produced elongation of time 30 min after an oral dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Test drug at a dose of 400 mg showed better analgesic activity in comparison to 200 mg dose by both the methods. Hence, it can be recommended for further studies.

Key words: Analgesic, hydroalcoholic extract, Lycium barbarum, pentazocine

INTRODUCTION 22 ± 2°C and 50 ± 5% relative humidity, under a light/dark cycle of 10/12 h, for 1 week before the experiments. Animals ain is the part of a protective reaction were provided with standard rodent pellet diet (Indore, India), against dysfunction of an organ or and water ad libitum. Pimbalance in its functions against the potentially dangerous stimulus. It is an Evaluation of analgesic activity unpleasant feeling often associated with tissue damage. The drugs that selectively relieve pain Hot plate method [1,2] by acting on the central nervous system are called as analgesics. It also acts on peripheral The analgesic activity of the given drug was determined pain mechanisms, without significantly altering by the basal reaction time. A total of 24 rats of either consciousness. Analgesic relieves pain as a sex were divided into four groups. Group I was kept as symptom not cure the cause of pain. Analgesics control, administered with distilled water (10 mL/kg) are of two type opioid analgesic or non-opioid and Group II was treated with standard drug pentazocine analgesic. In recent times, focus on plant (10 mg/kg). Group III and IV were treated with two different research has increase. Herbal drugs are being concentrations of hydroalcoholic extract of lycium barbarum proved as effective as synthetic drugs with lesser (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight) orally 30 min side effects. Herbal medicines are in line with before the start of the experiment. The heated hot plate, nature, with less hazardous reaction. The use maintained at 55±0.5°C was used to induce pain. Before the of herbal medicines worldwide has provided a treatment, the reaction time of each animal (paw licking or great opportunity to India to look for therapeutic jumping) was recorded. The reaction time was recorded at 1, conduct compounds from our oldster system of 2, 3, and 4 h following the administration of hydroalcoholic therapy, i.e. Ayurveda, which can be utilized for extract of lycium barbarum and pentazocine. To minimize the development of new drug. damage to the animal paw, the cutoff time for latency was taken as 25 s.

MATERIALS AND METHODS Address for correspondence: Experimental animal Sirvi Someshver, Modern Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. Wister albino rats weighing 150–200 g were E-mail: [email protected] housed in standard cages at room temperature

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S25 Table 1: Analgesic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of L. barbarum in Eddy’s hot plate method Group Treatment Dose 0 min 30 min 60 min 120 min 180 min I Control 1 mL/kg 16.2 16.4 17.3 16.1 16.0 II Pentazocine 10 mg/kg 18.25 43.38 48.5 47.3 42.4 III L. barbarum extract 200 mg/kg 20.54 25.67 28.4 30.45 27.86 IV L. barbarum extract 400 mg/kg 22.91 28.37 33.54 39.67 35.57 L. barbarum: Lycium barbarum

Table 2: Analgesic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of L. barbarum in tail flick method Group Treatment Dose 0 min 15 min 30 min 45 min 60 min I Control 1 mL/kg 2.41 2.47 2.49 2.64 2.75 II Pentazocine 10 mg/kg 2.21 8.9 11.54 14.74 17.45 III L. barbarum extract 200 mg/kg 2.45 5.45 7.14 8.74 9.23 IV L. barbarum extract 400 mg/kg 2.98 6.54 8.44 10.7 12.6 L. barbarum: Lycium barbarum

Tail flick method [3] CONCLUSION Wister rat was screened for sensitivity test by placing the tip of the tail on the radiant heat source. Any animal that The present experimental study protocol showed that failed to withdraw its tail within 5 s was rejected from the hydroalcoholic extract of L. barbarum elicited significant study. The selected animals were then divided into four analgesic activity in Eddy’s hot plate model and tail groups of six rats each. Each of the groups received one of flick latency model. In both model, they exhibited an the following: Extract (200 and 400 mg/kg), pentazocine analgesic effect in a dose-dependent manner which can (standard, 10 mg/kg), and distilled water (control) in be comparable with that of pentazocine. On preliminary normal saline intraperitoneally. Basal reaction time was phytochemical screening, the hydroalcoholic extract of measured initially (0 min) and at 15, 30, 45, and 60 min. L. barbarum was found to contain sterols and triterpenes A cutoff period of 10 s was observed to avoid damage to compounds. the tail. REFERENCES RESULTS 1. Goyal B, Alok S, Jain SK, Verma A. Evaluation of analgesic activity on ethanolic extract of Tamarindus Analgesic activity indica leaves. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2013;4:1994-7. The analgesic activity was performed by hot plate method and 2. Ukwuani AN. Analgesic properties of Tamarindus indica tail flick method which shows dose-dependent pain inhibition linn stem bark fractions in albino rats. Sky J Biochem with ethanol extract as mentioned in Tables 1 and 2. 2014;3:24-7. 3. Kumari P. Synergistic analgesic activity of chloroform Control reading − test reading Percentage pain inhibition = ×100 extract of Lawsonia inermis linn. And chlorophytum Control reading borivilianum. J Pharmacog Phytochem 2015;3:35-8.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S26 Comparative Phytochemical Screening of Anogeissus latifolia (roxb.) for Therapeutic Uses

PCOG-12 Vikas Chandra Sharma1,2, Atul Kaushik2, Vikas Sharma3 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India, 2Department of Pharmacology, IPS College of Pharmacy, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India, 3Department of Pharmacology, Shri Rawatpura Sarkar Institute of Pharmacy, Datia, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb.) belonging to family Combretaceae has used traditionally in Rajasthan folk Medicine for the treatment of alleviate pain, inflammation, fever, convulsion, and skin diseases. The aim of the present work was to investigate the phytochemicals screening of stem bark and leaves of A. latifolia (Roxb.). Stem bark and leaves of A. latifolia (Roxb.) were evaluated for phytochemical and chromatographic parameters. Phytochemical screening for the presence of phytoconstituents was carried out using standard methods. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were estimated spectrophotometrically using Folin–ciocalteu assay and aluminum chloride assay method, respectively. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting profiles of acetone and chloroform were developed in suitable mobile phase using standard procedures and visualized in ultraviolet (UV) 254 nm, 366 nm and in white light after derivatization within vanillin-sulfuric acid reagent. Results of the preliminary phytochemical analysis and HPTLC fingerprinting profile indicate many similarities between leaves and stem bark of the A. latifolia (Roxb.). Similarities in phytochemical analysis and HPTLC profile of various extracts suggest that leaves may have similar active constituents like stem bark.

Key words: Anogeissus latifolia, high-performance thin-layer chromatography profile, phytochemical

INTRODUCTION estimated spectrophotometrically using Folin–ciocalteu assay and aluminum chloride assay method, respectively. n present scenario majority of the High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) population in developing countries depends fingerprinting profiles of acetone and chloroform were on medicinal plants based drugs and their developed in suitable mobile phase using standard procedures. I Acetone and chloroform extracts of leaves and stem bark formulations for their primary health care needs. Nowadays, demand for these medicinal were developed in suitable mobile phase toluene:ethyl plants based drugs is increasing day by day due acetate:formic acid (7:2:0.4 v/v/v) using and visualized in to their healing properties. Anogeissus latifolia ultraviolet (UV) 254 nm, 366 nm and in white light after (DC.) is medium-sized deciduous tree of genus derivatization within vanillin-sulfuric acid. Anogeissus. It is commonly called as “dhau” widely used in Indian traditional system of medicine. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Phytochemical examination of different extracts of stem bark EXPERIMENTAL METHODS and leaves showed the presence of similar phytoconstituents except phenol and tannins was absent in chloroform extracts Preliminary phytochemical screening of of stem bark. Comparative evaluation of HPTLC profiles acetone and chloroform extracts of both of acetone and chloroform extracts of leaves and stem bark stem bark and leaves were screened for the presence of phenols, tannins, alkaloids, Address for correspondence: carbohydrates, saponins, amino acids, steroids, Vikas Chandra Sharma, Department of Pharmaceutical flavonoids, coumarins, quinone, furanoids, Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, and terpenoids by the standard methods. Total India. E-mail: [email protected] phenolic and total flavonoid contents were

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S27 Table 1: Total phenolic and total flavonoid content of acetone and chloroform extracts of stem bark and leaves of A. latifolia (Roxb.) Plant parts Extracts Total phenolics mg of GAE/g dry weight* Total flavonoids mg of QUE/g dry weight* Stem bark Acetone 120.54±2.27 88.24±2.84 Leaves 111.67±2.43 67.28±3.06 Stem bark Chloroform 86.26±2.44 54.64±2.32 Leaves 77.27±1.32 42.28±4.24 A. latifolia: Anogeissus latifolia. *Values are expressed as mean±SD, SD: Standard deviation

b d f c e g

a

h i

Figure 1: (a-i) High-performance thin-layer chromatography chromatograms of acetone and chloroform extracts of leaves and stem bark of Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb.) with Rf value at UV 254 nm, 366 nm and after derivatization with vanillin-sulfuric acid (track 1, 2 acetone extracts of leaves, stem bark, and track 3–4 chloroform extracts of leaves and stem bark) carried out to reveal the chemical pattern showed many phytoconstituents like stem bark and may be used as an similar bands which again indicate the presence of many alternate of stem bark after evaluation and confirmation of similar compounds in leaves and stem bark of A. latifolia same for pharmacological activities. (Roxb.). Good quantity of active phytochemicals such as total phenolics and total flavonoids in stem bark and leaves are summarized in Table 1. REFERENCES The chemical constituents of the A. latifolia (Roxb.) were 1. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Ministry of compared by TLC analysis. The TLC fingerprints of the Health and Family Welfare, Department of Indian different extracts of the A. latifolia (Roxb.) with R value are f st discussed in Figure 1a-i. System of Medicine and Homeopathy. 1 ed. Part I. Vol. 4. New Delhi: Government of India; 2008. p. 75-74. 2. Harborne JB. Phytochemical Methods. A Guide to rd CONCLUSION Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis. 3 ed. New York: Chapman and Hall Co.; 1973. p. 49-188. Phytochemical investigation and HPTLC fingerprinting 3. Sethi PD. High Performance thin Layer Chromatography. of both extracts of stem bark and leaves of A. latifolia 1st ed. New Delhi: CBS Publishers and Distributors; (Roxb.) suggest that leaves may have a lot of similar active 1996. p. 4-28.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S28 Formulation of Herbal Hair Dye and Evaluation of its Coloring Effect

Reena Soni, Abhishek Chouhan Department of Pharmacy, Shri G.S. Institute of Technology & Science, Indore, Madhya, Pradesh, India PCOG-13 Abstract

Hair graying is one of the commonly occurring problems nowadays due to various reasons such as genetic influence, environmental factors, unhealthy lifestyle, and consumption of alcoholic preparation. Many synthetic and semi-synthetic hair dyes are available in the market, but their prolonged and frequent use causes various side effects such as hypersensitivity reaction, skin irritation, erythema, loss or damage of hair, and skin cancer. Some products marketed as herbal dyes are also available but either they are not completely free from synthetic chemicals or their color is not stable for long time. The main objective of the present study is to develop a 100% herbal and effective hair dye to overcome the drawbacks of presently marketed synthetic and semi-synthetic dyes. Various dye formulations were prepared using different quantitative composition of herbal ingredients, i.e., indigo, henna, amla, bhringraj, hibiscus, neem, methi, walnut, and coffee. The hair coloring effect and color stability of prepared hair dyes were further evaluated and compared with a marketed product (as reference), i.e. herbal black mehandi (Khadi Gramodyog) which contains para-phenylenediamine a synthetic chemical as a coloring agent. The developed herbal hair dye was found to be more effective and stable hair coloring agent and therefore, may be concluded as better, safe, and user-friendly product.

Key words: Bhringraj, hair graying, henna, herbal hair dye, indigo

INTRODUCTION any problems of irritancy, allergy or sensitivity. The main aim of the present investigation is to formulate natural and arious materials from plant source safe hair colorant. such as henna, chamomile, and indigo are widely used to dye the gray hair V Objective from ancient time, but instead of blackening the hair, they impart red to copper color. The objective of the present study was to prepare safe and Hair graying is caused by various reasons effective herbal hair dye free from PPD, which is one of the such as genetic influence, environmental common ingredient (synthetic material) to all commercial factors, unhealthy lifestyle, and consumption hair dyes and linked with very serious health problems such of alcoholic preparation.[1] Although many as delayed hypersensitivity reactions on scalp, asthma, lupus, permanent synthetic hair dyes in varied color ranges are available, they have the cancer, and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. disadvantage of producing the hypersensitive reaction in some individuals. Some hair dyes marketed as the natural dye contains 1–3% of MATERIALS AND METHODS para-phenylenediamine (PPD) (A synthetic hair dye) and stain the skin and clothes during Plant material use. A need was felt to formulate a 100% herbal product, which is safe for use and Leaves of henna, neem, and indigo, fruits of amla, flowers does not have the problems of staining skin of hibiscus, walnut fruit, coffee beans, and whole plant of during use and hypersensitive reactions. In the bhringraj were used. present investigation, the formulations were developed to get natural black color using the combination of different plant materials. This Address for correspondence: investigation was based on experiences of Reena Soni, Department of Pharmacy, Shri G.S. Institute several people who were using different plant of Technology & Science, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, product for coloring their hair without having India. E-mail: [email protected]

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S29 Method dried. Washing and drying of hair bundles were done each alternate day and were continued for 1 month.[3] The Various herbal dye formulations using different observation of hair color after 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, and 30 days is quantitative composition of herbal ingredients (as shown shown in Figure 2. in Table 1) were prepared by very simple, easy, and inexpensive method. All herbal materials, henna, indigo, amla, bhringraj, hibiscus, neem, and coffee were collected RESULTS AND DISCUSSION and dried completely. Each dried herbal material was finely powdered separately and sieved to remove gritty particles. After application of developed hair dye formulations and All ingredients were accurately weighed and mixed subsequent washing on alternate days, it was compared for properly to yield a uniform fine powder mixture and then the intensity of color with marketed products containing packed in a moisture resistance pouch and stored in a cool PPD. The observations on the 30th day showed that hair dye dry place, away from moisture. The product was ready sample-3 retained dye color on hairs and equally comparable to use.[2] Similarly, all formulation samples, i.e., sample with the marketed product, i.e. herbal black mehndi 1–5 (Table 1) were prepared and were compared with sample-6 (as reference), i.e., herbal black mehndi (Khadi Gramodyog).

Evaluation of herbal hair dye

Gray hairs were collected from a barber shop, and the hair specimens were bunched with the help of paper clip to form six bundles [Figure 1]. The hair bundles were then labeled properly as sample 1–6 for application of formulated hair dyes in sample 1–5 and marketed dye in sample 6. After applying the dye samples, the hair bundles were washed thoroughly with a mild shampoo, rinsed with water and

Figure 1: Gray hair bindles (sample 1–6) before and after Figure 2: Observations of hair color on different duration after application of hair dye each alternate days washing

Table 1: Composition of different herbal hair dye formulations Ingredient Sample‑1 Sample‑2 Sample‑3 Sample‑4 Sample‑5 Amla 15 20 15 20 25 Bhringraj 5 10 5 5 15 Hibiscus 5 10 10 10 5 Henna 40 30 40 35 30 Methi 5 5 5 5 5 Neem 5 5 5 5 5 Indigo 15 10 15 15 10 Walnut ‑ 5 ‑ 5 ‑ Coffee 10 5 5 ‑ 5 Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S30 (Khadi Gramodyog). It has good organoleptic properties, REFERENCES spreadability, stability, and free from grittiness. 1. Kokate CK, Purohit AP, Gokhale SB. Pharmacognosy. 45th ed. New Delhi: Published by Nirali Prakashan; CONCLUSION 2010. p. 8.101-2. 2. Kalia AN. Textbook of Industrial Pharmacognosy. It can be concluded from the study performed that the developed New Delhi: Published by CBS Publishers, and herbal hair dye is effective stable and economic and imparts hair coloration for a prolonged time. As it avoids the use of synthetic Distributors; 2005. p. 245-52. chemicals, it may also be claimed to be non-toxic, safe and free 3. Rao YM, Sujatha PS. Formulation and evaluation from side effects and therefore, would be considered as a better of commonly used natural hair colorants. Natl Prod alternative to presently marketed hair dyes. Radiance 2008;7:45-8.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S31 Excision Wound Healing Activity of Fragaria Ananassa Extract in Albino Rats

Shekhar Priyanshu, Joshi Ankur, Malviya Sapna, Kharia Anil Department of Pharmacology, Modern Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India PCOG-14

Abstract

Fragaria ananassa has been used for many potential uses. Leaves of F. ananassa are used in herbal medicine especially in case of ayurveda for Gout. It is also used as diuretics. Roasted leaves are applied over the area of relieve pain. The hydroalcoholic extract of F. ananassa leaves was investigated for wound healing potential in albino rats. F. ananassa leaves were dried, crushed in coarse powder hydroalcoholic extract was obtained and turned to 10% ointment form. In the course of this study, 18 male Wistar albino rats weighing approximately 150–180g were used. Group 1 as control group, Group 2 as reference control was treated topically with povidone- iodine ointment USP, and Group 3 as test control was treated with 10% F. ananassa ointment. Wound healing was monitored on days 5, 10, 15, and 21. Leaf extract of F. ananassa promotes wound healing through bactericidal activity.

Key words: Bactericidal activity, Fragaria ananassa (leaves), hydroalcoholic extract, ointment, wound healing

INTRODUCTION a surgery table anesthesia was given in the depth of muscle, avoiding incision of the muscle layer itself, and tension of ound is a full or partial interruption skin was kept constant during the procedure. An area of in the integrity of the skin; there uniform wound 2 cm2 in diameter was excised from the Ware various drugs obtained from neck. plant source which are known to increase the healing of different types of wounds. For On day 5, 10 and 15, and 21 four animals were randomly standard health care, herbal medicines have selected for observation of percentage of healing of wound integral part, based on a combination of time- on the rats [Table 1]. honored traditional uses and ongoing scientific research. The leaves and routes contain tannins Wound size at day zero( 0) − Wound size on the given day (argimonin and pedunculagin), Vitamin C, ×100 traces of oil, flavonoids (quercetin and rutin), Wound size on day zero ( 0) and phenolic acid.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION METHODS The effect of hydroalcoholic Fragaria ananassa leaves Experimental animals extracts ointment on excision wound model, the wound healing contracting ability in different contraction was 18 male Wistar rats (150–200 g) were divided significantly greater than that of control. The 10% w/w into three groups of six rats. The animals were extract ointment treated groups showed significant wound housed in standard environmental condition. healing from 4th day onward, which was comparable to During the course of the experiment, the rats that of the standard drug, povidone-iodine ointment treated were administered a standard pellet diet and groups of animals. Closure time of the wound was lesser, water ad libitum.

Address for correspondence: Surgical procedure[1,2] Shekhar Priyanshu, Modern Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. The rats were anesthetized by thiopental E-mail: [email protected] sodium and then fixed in a ventral posture on

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S32 Table 1: Effect of hydroalcholic extract ointment of leaves of Fragaria ananassa on % wound closure of excision wounds Group Treatment 5th Day 10th Day 15th Day 21st Day Period of epithelization in days Group I Control (Simple 15.82±0.68 27.21±1.02 48.21±1.80 68.53±2.60 26 ointment base B.P.) Group II Povidone‑Iodine 35.28±0.15 76.80±0.19 89.81±0.58 97.11±0.48 17 Ointment Group III Hydroalcoholic 34.42±1.01 76.86±1.24 84.32±2.36 92.56±2.10 18* extract (10%) F. ananassa: Fragaria ananassa and the wound contraction percentage was much more with These finding could justify the inclusion of this plant in the the 10% w/w extract ointment treatment group. The result management of wound healing. of present study revealed that hydroalcoholic extract of F. ananassa leaves has significant wound healing activity excision wound model. REFERENCES

1. Patil S, Ghodke DS, Magdum CS, Naikwade NS. Evaluation of CONCLUSION healing activity of marketed formulations on excision wounds models in Albino rats. Int J Pharm Tech Res 2009;1:500-1. The results of the study showed that the hydroalcoholic 2. Chitra P, Sajithal GB, Chanrakaran G. Influence of extract ointment of F. ananassa leaves effectively stimulates Aloe vera on collagen turnover in healing of dermal wound contraction as compared with the control group. wounds in rats. Ind J Exp Biol 1998;36:896-901.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S33 Excision Wound Healing Activity of Lantana camara Linn. Flower Extract in Rats

Kumayu Teena, Vyas Narendra, Joshi Ankur, Dwivedi Sangeeta, Malviya Sapna, Kharia Anil PCOG-15 Department of Pharmacology, Modern Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

Wound healing is a complex and dynamic process of replacing devitalized and missing cellular structures and tissue layers. The human adult wound healing process can be divided into 4 distinct phases: (i) Homeostasis, (ii) inflammation, (iii) proliferation, and (iv) maturation. While platelets play a crucial role in clot formation during hemostasis,inflammatory cells debride injured tissue during the inflammatory phase. In the present study wound healing activity of Lantana camara flower ethanolic extract was evaluated by using excision wound model on albino rats. Results of present study showed significant wound healing activity (wound contraction on 16th day (22.20 ± 1.48) compared to control (35.20 ± 2.58) and almost equal to standard (8.4 ± 1.14). Test ointment showed complete epithelization 17.00 ± 0.1** days when compared to control (22 ± 1.0***) and standard (14.80 ± 0.08***). Test ointment showed complete epithelization 17.00 ± 0.1** days when compared to control (22 ± 1.0***) and standard (14.80 ± 0.08***).

Key words: Lantana camara, wound excision, wound healing activity

INTRODUCTION was making on the dorsal thoracic region 1 cm away from vertebral column and 5 cm away from ear on the anesthetized ound is a type of injury in which rat. The particular skin area was shaved 1 day before the skin is torn, cut or punctured (an experiment. The skin of impressed area was excised to the open wound), or when blunt force full thickness to obtain a wound area of about 500 mm2. W Homeostasis was achieved by blotting the wound with trauma causes a contusion (a closed wound). In pathology, it specifically refers as sharp injury cotton swab soaked in normal saline. Animals were treated which damages the dermis of the skin.[1] The daily with drugs as mentioned above under experimental wound healing is a part of homeostatic mechanism design from 0th day to 15th post-wounding day. Wound area of body in which the skin (or another organ) is measured on 15th day post wounding for determination of repairs itself after injury. In normal skin, the wound contraction, and percentage wound contraction was epidermis (outermost layer) and dermis (inner calculated. Falling of scar leaving no raw wound behind was or deeper layer) exist in steady state equilibrium, taken as end point of complete epithelization and the days forming a protective barrier against the external required for this was taken as period of epithelization. environment. Wounds are classified as open and closed wound on the underlying cause of wound creation and acute and chronic wounds on the RESULTS basis of physiology of wound healing.[2] Effect on wound area (mm2) was showed in Table 1 which revealed that Lantana camara flower ethanolic extract MATERIALS AND METHODS significant decrease in wound area. Effect on percentage wound closure was showned in Table 2 which revealed that Excision wound model Lantana camara flower ethanolic extract significant decrease wound closure as compared to control. Effect on period of Excision wound models were used to evaluate the wound healing activity. Excision wound Address for correspondence: model was employed to have information about Kumayu Teena, Modern Institute of Pharmaceutical wound contraction and wound closure time on Sciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. the eight groups of animals. The animals were E-mail: [email protected] anesthetized using diethyl ether. An impression

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S34 Table 1: Effect on wound area (mm2) Group Control group ointment base Standard group povidone iodine ointment Test group L. camara extract 0 380.8±10.57 373.6±12.16 394.4±10.78 4 280.6±8.08 257.2±2.38 267.6±1.51 8 188±3.93 87.80±3.83 133±10 12 81.80±1.92 34.60±5.17 56.60±3.13 16 35.20±2.58 8.4±1.14 22.20±1.48 L. camara: Lantana camara

Table 2: Effect on percentage wound closure Group Control group ointment Standard group Povidone‑iodine Test group L. camara base (%) ointment (%) extract (%) 0 0 0 0 4 26.32 31.15 32.15 8 50.53 76.49 66.27 12 78.52 90.73 85.64 16 90.76 97.75 94.37 L. camara: Lantana camara

Table 3: Effect on period of epithelialization in days the promising wound healing activity may be attributed to the presence of different phytoconstituents such as flavonoids Normal group Standard group Test group and tannins. 22±1.0*** 14.80±0.08*** 17.00±0.1** epithelialization in days was showed in Table 3 which showed CONCLUSION significant result in test group. From the study carried out showed that the ethanolic extract of L. camara possesses a significant wound healing activity, DISCUSSION thereby justifying its use of the ethanolic extract of L. camara in the treatment of wound healing. Wound healing involves various phases. Initially involves acute inflammatory phase followed by the synthesis of collagen and other extracellular macromolecules, which are later removed to form a scar. Drugs, which influence one REFERENCES phase, may not necessarily influence another. Hence, different 1. Wilson AP, Gibbons C, Reeves BC, Hodgson B, models have been used in our study to assess the effect of various phases. The treated group of wound showed complete Liu M, Plummer D, et al. Surgical wound infection healing of wounds with almost normal architecture of the as a performance indicator: Agreement of common collagen, reticulin. Increase in tensile strength of treated group definitions of wound infection in 4773 patients. BMJ wound may be due to increase in collagen concentration. 2004;329:720. 2. Morton JJ, Malone MH. Evaluation of vulneray The present study shows confirm that ethanolic extract of activity by an open wound procedure in rats. Arch Int L. camara involved in the all the phases of wound healing and Pharmacodyn Ther 1972;196:117-26.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S35 Pharmacological Efficacy of Methanolic Extract of Plant Bombax Ceiba Against Isoproterenol-induced Cardiac Toxicity in Rats PCOG-16

R. Birla, R. Badore, N. Malviya, N. Bhadore, P. Das, S. Pillai Department of Pharmacology, GRY Institute of Pharmacy, Borawan, Khargone, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

Bombax ceiba is a potent antioxidant dietary source for human health. The present research was designed to evaluate the cardioprotective role of chronic oral administration of B. ceiba flower extract against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial injury. B. ceiba extract in all three dose shows protective mechanism through decreasing thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and enhancing the endogenous antioxidant enzymes. Thus, the study shows that B. ceiba extract exhibits significant antioxidant activity and protects the heart from free radical-mediated toxicity of ISO.

Key words: Antioxidant, Bombax ceiba, cardiotoxicity, isoproterenol

INTRODUCTION Extract preparation

yocardial infarction (MI) is the Dried flower of B. ceiba was coarsely powdered, and 1 kg of acute condition of necrosis of the this powered plant material was extracted with the help of the myocardium that occurs as a result Soxhlet apparatus using methanol as a solvent. The solvent from M the methanolic extract was removed under vacuum distillation; of imbalance between coronary blood supply and myocardial demand. ISO damages the dried material was kept in a desiccators. A suspension of the myocardial through calcium accumulation in flower in 5% Tween 80 (Vehicle) was made daily. cytosolic membrane, generation of reactive oxygen species and procogulant activity.[1] Experimental animals Bombax ceiba L. (Family Bombacaceae) is the one of oldest existing seed plants, also known Male Wistar albino rats of body weight 150–200 g were obtained as “living fossils.” It contains flavonol and from the Institute Animal House. The rats were acclimatized flavone glycosides, saponins, tannins, gums, in the department animal house at an ambient temperature arabinopyranose, and iron-based superoxide of 25°C, under a 12 h dark - 12 h light, cycle, for the whole dismutase. B. ceiba has been reported to have period of the study. The experiment was carried out according to the guidelines of the Committee for the Purpose of Control antioxidant, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA), hypotensive, cytotoxic, hypoglycemic, and [2] New Delhi, India, and the research protocol was approved by analgesic. the Institute Animal Ethical Committee (1151/ac/07/CPCSEA).

MATEIALS AND METHODS Experimental protocol The rats were divided into 5 groups (6 in each group) and Drugs and chemicals fed with the suspension of B. ceiba flower extract of three

Flower of Bombax ceiba was collected from Khargone (M.P.), India, and was authenticated Address for correspondence: by Dr. S. K. Mahajan M Sc, Ph.D, Department R. Birla, GRY Institute of Pharmacy, Borawan, Khargone, Madhya Pradesh, India. of Botany, Government P. G. College, Khargone, E-mail: [email protected] M.P., India.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S36 Table 1: Effect of MEBC on TBARS, GSH, SOD, and CAT in rat heart Parameters GI GII GIII GIV GV TBARS 44.82±1.54 68.65±1.28 59.25±1.46a 53.76±2.46b 44.45±1.95c GSH 353.85±3.69 217.66±5.81 304.5±7.57b 312.58±6.31b 330.4±4.83c SOD 2.91±0.14 1.31±0.16 1.47±0.18ns 2.78±0.18b 3.86±0.09c CAT 49.65±0.81 27.9±1.48 35.0±0.92a 40.15±0.63b 48.25±1.20c

TBARS: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, GSH: Glutathione, SOD: Superoxide dismutase, CAT: Catalase, a<0.05, b<0.01, c<0.001

Table 2: Effect of MEBC on TBARS, GSH, SOD, and CAT level in serum Parameters GI GII GIII GIV GV GSH 73.16±1.29 64.33±1.11 65.85±1.02ns 66.75±1.01b 71.8±1.14c SOD 139.86±0.6 105.74±2.07 108.44±2.80ns 120.12±1.80c 136.3±1.28c CAT 12.13±0.37 2.28±0.19 3.06±0.15b 4.05±0.11c 7.16±0.10c GSH: Glutathione, SOD: Superoxide dismutase, CAT: Catalase, ns, a<0.05, b<0.01, c<0.001 doses (125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, and 500 mg/kg) by oral CONCLUSION gavages once a day for 4 weeks (6 days/week). At the end of the treatment period, rats from all groups except control In this respect, the present study showed for the first time group were administered isoproterenol (ISO) 85 mg/kg i.p., that the flower of B. ceiba is particularly useful agents, as for 2 consecutive days to induce myocardial injury. After they could enhance myocardial and blood endogenous 48 h of the first dose of ISO, the rats were sacrificed; hearts antioxidants level without producing any cytotoxic effects. and blood samples were collected and immediately frozen in Therefore, the protection against myocardial injury in the liquid nitrogen for biochemical estimation.[3] treated rats is attributed to enhanced endogenous antioxidant activity. Hence, we concluded that this study of Bombax ceiba can help for further research area in cardiovascular and Treatment protocol another disease which caused due to oxidative stress. The groups studied were as follows: • Group GI: Control, vehicle + saline-injected rats REFERENCES • Group GII: Vehicle + ISO-treated rats (85 mg/kg) • Group GIII: 125 mg/kg of MEBC + ISO-treated rats 1. Boudina S, Lactau MN, Tariosse L, Daret D, Gouverneur (85 mg/kg) G, Bonoron-Adele S, et al. Alteration of mitochondrial • Group GIV: 250 mg/kg of MEBC + ISO-treated rats function in a model of chronic ischemia in vivo in rat (85 mg/kg) heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2002;282:821-32. • Group GV: 500 mg/kg of MEBC + ISO-treated rats 2. Donipari RS, Subhasini P. Determining the antioxidant (85 mg/kg). activity of bombax ceiba flower extract. Int J Pharm Res Sch 2006;5:146-50. RESULTS 3. Narendra BS, Kumar DP, Sujit P. Pharmacological efficacy of methanolic extract of the plant ginkgo biloba, The results obtained in the different groups subjected to against isoproterenol induced cardiac toxicity in rats. Int in vivo ischemic reperfusion injury are presented. J Pharm Sci Res 2017;8:722-8.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S37 An In vitro Anti-inflammatory Activity of Methanolic Extract and Various Fractions of Centella Asiatica Leaves by Protein Denaturation PCOG-17

Shivani Sharma1, Rahul Trivedi2 1Department of Quality Assurance, Mandsaur University, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India, 2Department of Pharmacology, Mandsaur University, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

Inflammation has long been a widely known symptom of the many infectious diseases. Inflammation may be a complicated biological response to dangerous stimuli such as pathogens and damaged tissues. Centella asiatica (CA) is one of the oldest Ayurvedic medicinal plants, used in treatment of various skin disease, nervine tonic, etc. The aim of our present study was to evaluate the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract and their fractions of CA leaves. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by protein denaturation method. In the present study, the percentage inhibition for methanolic extract was found to be 40.22%. The percentage inhibition for petroleum ether and n-butanol fraction of methanolic extract was found to be 54.12% and 44.42%, respectively, at 500 µg/mL. The diclofenac sodium which was used as a standard drug in the activity had shown maximum activity as compared to petroleum ether and n-butanol fraction.

Key words: Centella asiatica, n-butanol fraction, protein denaturation

INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS

nflammation has long been a widely Procurement of material and collection of chemicals known symptom of the many infectious Idiseases. Inflammation causes mainly The dried leaves of CA were purchased from the local market itching, swelling, skin redness, warm, and of Mandsaur, India. Methanol and other organic solvents like slight pain. Inflammation is a common disease petroleum ether, chloroform, and n-butanol were of analytical caused by any viral and fungal infection and grade. by any physical and chemical agents. Protein denaturation is a process in which protein Preparation of extract and fractionization of extract lose their tertiary structure and secondary structure when applied any external stress or CA leaves were grinded, and the powder was loaded into compounds, such as any strong acid or base, Soxhlet apparatus and methanol used as a solvent. After heat, and organic solvent or inorganic salt. extraction, the extract was filtered and concentrated on Centella asiatica (CA) is a perennial herb water bath to get a dried residue. The dried methanolic belonging to the family Apiaceae, widely grow in moist places in India, South Africa, and Sri Lanka, etc. It is also known as mandukaparni, Address for correspondence: jal brahmi, and Gotu kola. The active Shivani Sharma, Department of Quality Assurance, constituents of CA include triterpenoids, Mandsaur University, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India. saponin, volatile oils, tannins, amino acids, E-mail: [email protected] sugars, and flavonoids.[1-3]

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S38 Table 1: Effect of methanolic extract and various fractions of C. asiatica on protein denaturation Concentration µg/mL % Inhibition by protein denaturation Methanol PET Chloroform n‑Butanol Aqueous extract fraction fraction fraction fraction 100 18.23 30.22 13.26 29.98 14.33 200 19.98 37.75 15.80 33.56 20.40 300 28.42 40.30 20.11 38.50 23.90 400 34.53 45.99 24.22 42.45 27.20 500 40.22 54.12 29.22 44.42 33.33 Concentration µg/mL 20 40 60 80 100 % inhibition by protein denaturation 21.50 30.55 40.75 48.50 55.88 C. asiatica: Centella asiatica extract (100 g) of CA was suspended in distilled water and RESULTS AND DISCUSSION filtered to remove the insoluble material. The water fraction was separated using separating funnel and fractionized by The methanolic extract as well as petroleum ether and n-butanol different solvents (petroleum ether, chloroform, n-butanol, fractions were effective in inhibit the heat induced albumin and water). denaturation at various concentrations. Petroleum ether fraction showed the greater inhibition and n-butanol fraction showed Assessment of in vitro anti-inflammatory activity remarkable inhibition at 500 µg/mL. Diclofenac sodium (standard) showed the maximum inhibition 55.88% at concentration of Inhibition of albumin denaturation 100 µg/mL. The results are mentioned in Table 1. Bovine serum albumin solution of 0.2% w/v was prepared in Tris buffer saline and pH was maintained by glacial acetic CONCLUSION acid (pH 6.8). Stock solutions of 10,000 μg/mL of all extract were prepared using respective solvents. By stock solutions The active constituents of CA such as flavonoids, terpenoids, five different concentrations (100, 200, 300, 400, and and saponins might be responsible for this activity. The study 500 μg/mL) were prepared and transferred 50 μL of all extract concluded that the methanolic extract of petroleum ether and in Eppendorf tube by micropipette. Then, add 5 mL of 0.2 w/v n-butanol fraction possessed good anti-inflammatory action. BSA solution in each Eppendorf tube. 5 mL of 0.2% w/v BSA solution with 50 μL of different fractions considered as control. The standard consists of 100 μg/mL of diclofenac sodium in different solvents with 5 mL of 0.2% w/v of BSA REFERENCES solution And then heated at 72°C for 5 min. After cooling, the absorbance of all fractions of different concentrations 1. Sherwood ER, Toliver-Kinsky T. Mechanisms of the was measured using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer at inflammatory response. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 660 nm and recorded. 2004;18:385-405. 2. Gohil KJ, Patel JA, Gajjar AK. Pharmacological review The percentage inhibition of protein denaturation was on Centella asiatica: A potential herbal cure-all. Indian J calculated using the following formula: Pharm Sci 2010;72:546. 3. Duganath N, Kumar SR, Kumanan R, Jayaveera KN. Evaluation of anti-denaturation property and anti- (Abs of control – Abs of test) % Inhibition = ×100 oxidant activity of traditionally used medicinal plants. Abs of control Int J Pharm Bio Sci 2010;1:309-316.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S39 Pharmacological Evaluation of the Plant Moringa pterygosperma Against Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats PCOG-18

Prabhat Kumar Das, Narendra S. Badore, Sujit Pillai, Raghvendra Badore, Neha Malviya Department of Pharmacology, GRY Institute of Pharmacy, Borawan, Khargone, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

Object: Comparison between protective effects of the ethanolic extract of the plant Moringa pterigosperma

against CCl4 induced hepatic failure in male albino rats was investigated. Material and Method: For acute and

massive invasion of hepatopathy, CCl4 (i.p injection of CCl4+olive oil in 1:1 ratio; 2 mL/kg) was used, and the insidious intoxication was evidenced by evaluation of various biochemical parameters followed by significant weight loss in toxic control group. The administration of ethanolic extract (250 mg/kg of body weight) for 7 days, elicited protective action since the elevated levels of marker enzymes (aspartate transaminase [AST], alanine transaminase [ALT], and alkaline phosphatase [ALP]) of liver functions were found to be decreasing progressively with net weight gain. Results: In the ethanolic extract 250 mg/kg treated rat group, all the marker enzymes were analyzed to be decreasing significantly and the final body weight was also significantly increased when compared with the toxic control group. The serum total protein and the serum albumin were also approaching normal values. The results found in ethanolic extract 250 mg/kg treated rat were quite promising and were comparable with a standard polyherbal drug Liv-52. Conclusion: The statistically processed results support the conclusion, that the ethanolic extract of Moringa pterygosperma whole plant (250 mg/kg) possesses dose-dependent, significant protective activity against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity.

Key words: Alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, asparate transaminase, hepatotoxicity, marker enzymes

INTRODUCTION[1] MATERIALS AND METHODS

he aim of the present context is to The whole part of plant M. pterygosperma plant was collected evaluate the hepatoprotective potential from young matured plant from the rural belt of Balasore, Tof the ethanolic extract of Moringa Orissa during the months of January–February and identified pterygosperma whole plant in a conventional by the botanist of Khargone PG College by comparing with animal model of hepatopatotoxicity. the voucher specimen present in the herbarium. Healthy M. pterygosperma belongs to onogeneric albino male rats of Wistar strain weighing between 150 and family of shrubs and tree, Moringaceae, and 200 g were selected for the investigation. Extraction of plant is considered to have its origin in Agra and material and preparation of test dose about 200 g of coarse Oudh, in the northwest region of India, and dried powder of whole plant of the M. pterygosperma was south of the Himalayan Mountains. They are taken in the Soxhlet apparatus and extracted successively an exceptionally good source of provitamin using the selected solvents in order (i.e. Pet. ether, chloroform, A, Vitamins B, and C, minerals (in particular and ethanol). iron), and the sulfur-containing amino acids methionine, and cystine. In traditional Indian medicine, various parts of the tree are used Address for correspondence: therapeutically, including for treatment of Prabhat Kumar Das, GRY Institute of Pharmacy, ascites, rheumatism, venomous bites, and Borawan, Khargone, Madhya Pradesh, India. as cardiac, antidiabetic, and circulatory E-mail: [email protected] stimulants.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S40 Table 1: Change in body weight, Serum albumin, total protein and assay of Marker Enzymes on 8th day Group Change in body Albumin Total protein AST. (IU/l) ALT. (IU/l) ALP. (IU/l) wt. (g) (g/dL) Normal control 10.66±1.28 2.83±0.17 5.70±0.35 75.04±7.23 49.21±4.90 80.30±3.58 Toxic control −12.83±1.13c 1.40±0.10c 3.11±0.16c 840.37±28.26c 746.75±18.94c 133.65±3.47c Standard 6.83±0.70c 2.71±0.27c 5.09±0.20c 246.23±16.93c 186.38±14.60c 86.49±7.17c c c b c c b EEMP250 6.16±1.01 2.61±0.18 4.96±0.31 272.77±24.08 189.15±7.16 97.15±6.54 a<0.05, b<0.01, c<0.001

Hepatoprotective activity study control group), approaching almost normal values as that of observed in case of standard group, supports the restoration A total of 30 rats were divided randomly into 5 groups, each of normal hepatic functions. comprising 6 animals. Group I (normal control) received oral dose of 0.5% sodium CMC (1 mL each) for 7 days. Group II

(toxic control) received single dose of CCl4 (CCl4 + olive oil CONCLUSION in 1:1 ratio; 2 mL/kg of body wt; i.p.) on day 1 and day 7 of the experiment Group III, and IV received standard polyherbal At the end of our study, a strong conclusion can be drawn drug “Liv-52” (5 mL/kg; p.o.), ethanolic extract 250 mg/kg that, the ethanolic extract of M. pterygosperma possess of body wt. once in a day for 7 days, respectively, along with hepatoprotective activities at a dose level of 250 mg/kg the i.p dose of CCl4 on day 1 and day 7 as mentioned above. exhibited competent, potent, and comparable results and it The treatment duration was of 7 days. On the 8th day of the had gained normalcy against the hepatocellular injury caused study, the animals were sacrificed under anesthesia, and by CCl4 during the 7 days treatment period. blood samples were collected from each animal to produce the serum for biochemical assay.[2-4] Change in body weight, serum albumin, total protein, and assay of marker enzymes on the 8th day [Table 1].

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION REFERENCES The biochemical assays of hepatoprotective study were performed on the 8th day. A significant elevation in serum 1. Pari L, Kumar NA. Hepatoprotective activity of Moringa AST, serum ALT, serum ALP levels and significant decrease oleifera on antitubercular drug-induced liver damage in in serum total protein, and serum albumin level followed by rats. J Med Foods 2002;5:171-7. significant weight loss were found in toxic control group, 2. Sandhir R, Gill KD. Hepatoprotective effects of Liv.52 when compared with the normal control group. The EEMP 250 on ethanol-induced liver damage in rats. Indian J Exp group (ethanolic extract of the plant 250 mg/kg treated rat Biol 1999;37:762-6. group), the final body wt. was significantly elevated, when 3. Dwivedi Y, Rastogi R, Chander R, Sharma SK, compared with the toxic control group. The serum total Kapoor NK, Garg NK. Hepatoprotective activity of protein and the serum albumin were almost approaching picroliv against carbontetrachloride induced liver normal values and comparable with the results observed damage in rats. Indian J Med Res 1990;92:185-200. in standard group. Serum AST and serum ALT were found 4. Mohamed AF, Hasan AG, Hamany MI, Sattar EA. to be significantly lower, and serum ALP level was also Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective effects of Eucalyputs significantly decreased (when compared with the toxic maculate. Med Sci Monit 2005;11:426-31.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S41 Aldose Reductase Inhibitory Potential of Aqueous, Methanolic, and Saponin Extract of Leaves of Ziziphus nummularia Linn.

PCOG-19 Kushagra Dubey1, Raghvendra Dubey2, Revathi A Gupta2, Arun Gupta2 1Department of pharmaceutical chemistry Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, 2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

Antidiabetic potential of extracts of Ziziphus nummularia Linn is evaluated by in vitro aldose reductase inhibitory activity. The leaves of Z. nummularia Linn. were subjected to successive Soxhlet extraction to obtained hydroalcoholic and aqueous extract. The dried hydroalcoholic extract was further solvent extracted with water saturated n-butanol. The layers were separated, and n-butanol layer was acidified with 1 N KOH to obtain the raw saponin extract. All the extracts were screened for in vitro aldose reducatse inhibitory activity in purified goat lens using Hayman and Kinoshita method in which decrease in NADPH concentration was estimated at 340 nm using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. All the three extracts were found to inhibit AR activity, but at different extent. From dose- response curve, it was found that saponin extract (SE) is more effective AR inhibitor followed by methanolic extract

(ME) and aqueous extract (AE). The IC50 values of SE, ME, and AE are observed to be 24.36 ± 1.76 µg/mL, 68.66 ± 2.82 µg/mL, and 148.7.0± 0.82 µg/ml, respectively. It was observed that SE of Ziziphus Nummularia Linn. is potently inhibiting the aldose reductase enzyme which contributes major role in the diabetes and its complication.

Key words: Aldose reductase, goat eye lens, NADPH, saponin extract

INTRODUCTION water-saturated n-butanol (1:1v/v). The n-butanol phase was separated and treated with 1M KOH solution. The raw ldose reductase (AR) enzyme belongs precipitates of saponin were obtained, which were dried, and to aldo keto reductase superfamily all extracts were screened for phytochemical analysis.[1,2] Aplays important role in diabetes and cardiovascular complications. It reduces glucose to Aldose reductase inhibitory assay sorbitol and increases the activity of polyol pathway, due to which accumulation of polyol in lens fibers The eye lenses were quickly removed from fresh goat eyeballs occurs. The polyol causes influx of water and and homogenized in cold deionized water. The homogenate was generates osmotic stress which leads to cataracts. centrifuged at 10,400 RPM at 0–4°C for 30 min and saturated The accumulation of sorbitol in cells is the main ammonium sulfate solution was added to supernatant fraction cause of diabetic complications such as diabetic to form a 40% solution. The procedure was repeated, and salt cataract, retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. saturation was increased to 50% then to 75%. The precipitate In the present study, an attempt is made for obtained was used for the enzymatic assay. About 0.3mL of evaluation of antidiabetic potential of extracts of enzyme extract was mixed with NADPH (0.5 mL of 0.104 mM), leaves of Ziziphus nummularia, family Rhamnaceae sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.2 and 0.75 mL of 0.1 M), using aldose reductase inhibition assay. extracts (0.1 mL AE, ME, and SE), and 0.7 mL of deionized water. The mixture was incubated at 30°C for 10 min and added to D,L-glyceraldehyde (0.75 mL of 10 mM) substrate and the MATERIALS AND METHODS absorbance was recorded at 340 nm at beginning and at the end

Preparation of extracts Address for correspondence: Kushagra Dubey, Smriti College of Pharmaceutical The leaves were Soxhlet extracted with water Education, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. and 70% methanol. The methanolic extract E-mail: [email protected] (ME) was further solvent extracted with

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S42 Table 1: The percentage inhibition of aldose reductase Extract of ZNL Percentage inhibition (µg/mL) IC50 50 75 100 125 150 175 AE 15.0±0.6 20.3±1.21 32.4±1.05 42.5±1.71 50.4±0.31 58.03±0.47 148.7.0±0.82 ME 42.6±0.45 53.6±1.64 61.9±1.80 69.98±0.51 78.9±0.75 88.69±0.80 68.66±2.82 SE 54.1±0.12 66.45±1.02 72.54±1.3 80.34±1.84 86.04±0.11 97.38±1.20 24.36±1.76

ZNL: Leaves of Ziziphus nummularia Linn, AE: Aqueous extract, ME: Methanolic extract, SE: Saponin extract, IC50: 50% inhibitory concentration of 30 min. The assay was performed in triplicate and decrease in inhibitory activity. From the result, it can be concluded NADPH concentration indicates the aldose reductase activity. that the extracts will be helpful in the treatment of cataract Percentage inhibitions and IC50 value for each extract were and can be used effectively for the management of diabetes [3] calculated from a dose-response curve Table 1. complications. In future, the SE can be subjected to isolation, and the isolate can be pharmacologically evaluated for in vivo studies. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Extracts of Z. nummularia Linn. leaves potentially inhibit goat lens aldose reductase enzyme with IC50 value ranging REFERENCES from 24 µg/mL to >100 µg/mL, showed in Table 1. Among the three extracts, saponin extract (SE) showed highest 1. Dubey R, Dubey K, Gupta R, Gupta A. Antidiabetic percentage of inhibition (IC50 [24.36 ±1.76 µg/mL]) potential of aqueous methanolic and saponin extract followed by methanolic extract [IC50 (68.66 ± 2.82 µg/mL)] of Ziziphus nummlaria Linn. J Drug Deliv Ther and aqueous extract (IC50 [148.7 ± 0.82 µg/mL]). The result 2017;7:173-4. clearly indicated that the SE is more active than other extracts. 2. Dubey R, Dubey K, Shridhar C, Jayveera KN. Spermicidal potential of aqueous, methanolic and saponins extract of bark of Ziziphus Nummlaria. Ethanopharmacology CONCLUSION 2012;3:612-4. The saponin and methanolic extracts of leaves of 3. Hayman S, Kinoshita JH. Isolation and properties of lens Z. nummularia Linn. are active toward aldose reductase aldose reductase. J Biol Chem 1965;240:877-82.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S43 Antitussive Activity of Methanolic Extracts of Ficus exasperata

Sweta S. Koka, G. N. Darwhekar, Vikas Jain Department of Pharmacognosy, Acropolis Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Indore, Madhya PCOG-20 Pradesh, India

Abstract

The present study was conducted to evaluate antitussive activity methanolic extract of Ficus exasperata root. As cough is a natural impulse expulsive defense method of the body, it is the most familiar symptom of respiratory disease. Ammonium hydroxide and sulfur dioxide-induced cough models in mice were used for evaluation of antitussive activity.

Key words: Antitussive activity, Ficus exasperate, Ammonium hydroxide cough induced model

INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS

ough is a common problem that everyone Collection of plant material and preparation of often faces. Cough is an innate reflex extract Cexpulsive defense system of the body, for clearing excess secretions or mucous or Roots of F. exasperate were collected from Local market, inhaled irritants or toxins or foreign substance Indore (M.P). 250 g of coarsely powdered roots were in the respiratory tract.[1] Coughing protects the subjected to hot percolation method using Soxhelt apparatus, respiratory system by clearance or clear out it methanol as a solvent. Extract was filtered, concentrated on voluntarily or involuntarily.[2] As long as cough water bath, dried in vacuum and stored in refrigerator for is obliging in getting free of infectious material further experiment. with the help of mucous from the airway, it should not be stopped. In these many cases, Experimental animals the cough has a pathological character, and it is necessary to use cough-suppressing agents. Swiss albino mice of either sex (20–30 g) were used in the Antitussive agents are used mainly to suppress study. The animals were housed in polypropylene cages dry and painful coughs. under standard conditions (12 h light; 12 h dark cycle; 25 ± 5°C; 35–60% humidity). They were fed with standard pellet Ficus exasperate commonly known as Brahm diet (Pranav Agro Ltd, Dehradun) and water ad libitum. banayan belonging to family Moraceae is also known as natural sandpaper. They are native Antitussive activity by ammonium hydroxide- of India, Africa, and Arabic peninsula. It has induced cough been reported that F. exasperata exhibits antiulcerogenic activity, antihypertensive, Swiss albino mice were divided into three groups, each group hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, containing six mice. The control group was treated with anticonvulsant, antinociceptive, antipyretic, distilled water orally, and the positive control was treated antimicrobial, insecticidal, and pesticidal with dextromethorphan. The remaining group was treated activities. The extracts used for above activities with the methanolic extract at doses of 500 mg/kg body are mostly remains uncharacterized, and weight, respectively. Antitussive activity was investigated informations on the active phytoconstituents are also not defined except for phenolics and tannins. F. exasperate is traditionally Address for correspondence: Sweta S. Koka, Acropolis Institute of Pharmaceutical claimed to be used as decoction by the tribal Education and Research Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. of Tanzania for the treatment of asthma in E-mail: swetaskoka @acropolis.edu.in treating cough.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S44 Table 1: Effect of F. exasperate against ammonium hydroxide as induced cough in mice Treatment Dose Frequency of cough (mean±S.E.M.) at time T (min.) (mg/kg) 0 30 60 90 120 Control ‑ 77.38±1.58 78.13±1.57 76.88±1.30 75.63±1.44 76.25±1.51 Dextromethorphan 10 76.38±1.55 31.75±1.31** 18.25±1.24** 13.88±1.30** 11.50±1.51** (59.36) (76.26) (81.65%) (84.92%) Meth. Ext of 500 77.50±1.51 70.63±1.53** 55.75±1.64** 43.50±1.58** 46.75±1.61** F. exasperate (9.60) (27.48) (42.48%) (38.69%) F. exasperate: Ficus exasperate on a classical mouse cough model induced by ammonia CONCLUSION liquor.[3,4] Each mouse was placed in a 300 mL special glass chamber and exposed to 40 μL 25% NH4OH. The cough Hence, from this study, it can be concluded that methanol extract frequency produced during 2 min exposure period was of F. exasperate produced a significant antitussive activity; counted. The cough frequency and latent period of cough thus further studies can be carried out for determination of were also recorded. The percentage frequency of cough phytoconstituents responsible for antitussive effect. reflex was calculated by the formula

% Frequency of cough reflex = (1–T/C) ×100 REFERENCES

Where, T = Cough reflex in tested drug treated in mice, C = 1. Kaul S, Dwivedi S. Indigeneous ayurvedic knowledge Cough reflex in control group treated mice. of some species in the treatment of human disease and disorders. Int J Pharm Life Sci 2009;1:44-4. 2. Dwivedi S. Status survey of medicinal plants wealth of RESULTS Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh with special reference to conservation of vulnerable and endangered species. The antitussive activity, methanolic extract of root J Econ Taxon Bot 2009;33:443-52. F. exasperate was determined using model in which cough 3. Srivastava S, Choudhary GP. Anti-tussive activity of was induced by chemicals ammonium hydroxide in mice ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of adhatoda vasica and result revealed that extract at 500 mg/kg has significant nees. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2016;7:1000-4. antitussive activity when compared with control and the 4. Jain S, Barik R, Yadav N, Singh S. Evaluation of anti- standard drug dextromethorphan. The decrease in cough tussive activity of leaves of Caesalpinia bonducella f. in frequency was statistically significant (P < 0.01), when experimentally induced cough in mice. Int J Pharm Sci compared to the control group Table 1. Res 2013;4:1-4.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S45 Anti-hyperpigmentation Effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra by Antityrosinase Activity

PCOG-21 Gupta Ruchi, Agrawal Ankit, Malviya Neelesh Department of Pharmacology, Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

The Glycyrrhiza glabra has a high antioxidant activity by protecting skin from sunlight’s radiation than can induce the hyperpigmentation abnormality. The anti-hyperpigmentation activity from ethanol extract of G. glabral showed by IC50 value of this ethanol extract of G. glabra to tyrosinase enzyme activity. In this research, we have been made ethanol extract of G. glabra by various concentration: 1.0%, 2.0%, and 3.0%. The result of this research, the IC50 value from ethanol extract of G. glabra is 230.14 μg/mL, and the standard M® IC50 value is 183.43 μg/mL. This value shows that the anti-hyperpigmentation activity from ethanol extract of G. glabra is lower than the standard M®. However, a single anti-hyperpigmentation activity from ethanol extract of G. glabra itself has IC50 value 125.05 μg/mL.

Key words: Anti-hyperpigmentation, glaberidin, Glycyrrhiza glabra, tyrosinase enzyme

INTRODUCTION Peel a small potato and cut into pieces. Add 100 g of the potato to a pestal motar, along with 100 mL of yrosinase is known as a key enzyme sodium fluoride (NaF). Pour the homogenate (mixture) in melanin biosynthesis. Melanin through several layers of cheesecloth and into a beaker. formations beneath the skin proceed Measure the volume of the homogenate and add an T equal volume of saturated ammonium sulfate. That through a free-radical mechanism. The work has been done mainly on antioxidant activity, is, if the fluid volume of your homogenate is 150 mL, anti-inflammatory, anti-hepatotoxic activity, add 150 mL of ammonium sulfate. This will cause a antifungal activity, etc. However, not much floculent white precipitate to appear as many of the work carried on anti-hyperpigmentation activity. previously soluble potato proteins become insoluble. The enzyme tyrosinase is one of these proteins and As Glycyrrhiza glabra contain glabridinin thus will be found in the subsequent precipitate. Divide ethanolic extract of G. glabra has tyrosinase the ammonium sulfate-treated homogenate into chilled inhibitory properties.[1,2] centrifuge tubes and centrifuge at 2800 r.p.m for 5 min @ 4°C. Collect the centrifuge tubes, and carefully pour off and discard the fluid (supernatant). Save MATERIALS AND METHODS the pellets. Combine all of the pellets into a 100 mL beaker. Add 60 mL of citrate buffer, pH- 5, to the The ingredients used in the research work were pooled pellet and stir the contents well. Use a glass rod ethanolic extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra, ethanol, to break up the pellet. Continue to stir for 2 min while dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Glabridin, 2,2 keeping the solution cool. Again divide the solution Diphenyl-1- picrylhyazyl (DPPH), tyrosinase and recentrifuge at 700 r.p.m. for 5 min at 4°C. Collect enzyme, L- dopa, ethyl acetate, and phosphate the supernatant. This is your enzyme extract. Place it buffer pH 6.8. The ethanol extract of G. glabra in a flask, label it as enzyme extract and place it in an and glabridin as standard was spot to thin-layer ice bucket. Tyrosinase is stable for about an hour under chromatography plate (the silica gel G) using the hexane:ethyl acetate (3:2) as mobile phase. Address for correspondence: A. The 2.5 mM L-dopa solution. Gupta Ruchi, Smriti College of Pharmaceutical B. The 50 mM, pH 6.8 phosphate solution. Education, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. C. The tyrosinase solution. E-mail: [email protected]

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S46 the conditions of this exercise. If not used within this THE ANTI-HYPERPIGMENTATION period, you will need to extract more enzymes from a ACTIVITY TEST FROM ETHANOL fresh potato. EXTRACT OF G. GLABRA D. The maximum length wave absorbance measurement. To measure the maximum wavelength, we use In this reaction, we choose L-dopa because this substrate 2.4 mL phosphate solution 50 mM (pH 6.8) and will directly from dopachrome and can be measure by 666 μL L-Dopa solution (2.5 mM) pipette into the spectrophotometer UV-visible in 481 wavelength. Based on reaction tube. This solution is then being incubated this research, the formation of dopachrome marked by the at room temperature for 10 min. Then, add 184 μL color changes, the non-color L-Dopa will change into orange tyrosinase solutions (496 unit/mL) to the reaction after the tyrosinase enzyme adding, this solution then incubated tube. This solution is then being incubated again at for 25 min so that the reaction will formed completely, then room temperature for 25 min so that the reaction the formed dopachrome being measure. The maximum can occur. The inhibitory activity of tyrosinase was absorbance wavelength measurement of dopachrome is the determined by measuring the dopachrome absorbance highest peak absorbance in 481 nm. The inhibitory melanine using the ultraviolet (UV)-vis spectrophotometer in activity measurement from an ethanol extract of G. glabra 400–800 nm wavelengths. by the determination of IC50 value. The standard solution E. The measurement of inhibitory activity by IC50 test. was made by weight 50 mg of extract then diluted in 100 mL DMSO. Based on this standard solution, we make a series The principal solution was made 500 ppm by weight about of concentrations: 60; 80; 100; 120; and 120 ppm, then we 50 mg the ethanol extract of G. glabra and dissolve in 100 mL determined the absorbance, and we calculate the inhibition DMSO. Based on principal solution was made in series of percentage. The calculation result is then being plot into a 80, 100, 120, 140, and 160 ppm. The IC50 measurement curve between extract concentration and inhibitory percentage. was done to various inhibitory concentrations in percentage The linear regression equation of the curve is y = −23.094 + inhibitory activity test. 0.580 x by relation coefficient is 0.9970. Based on the above linear regression equation, the IC50 is 138.076 μg/mL. The

IC50 is the amount of extract concentration which inhibit the RESULTS AND DISCUSSION concentration of tyrosine to 50 %. The IC50 is important to acknowledge so that we can determined the potency of Evaluation of ethanol extract of G. glabra inhibitor to inhibit the tyrosinase enzyme activity.

The evaluation that has been done to the ethanolic extract of G. glabra is: Organoleptic and phytochemistry. The CONCLUSION organoleptic test of ethanol extract of G. glabra shows some characteristic such as the thick consistency, the brown color, The G. glabra has a high antioxidant activity by protecting the aromatic smell, and the acidic taste. skin from sunlight’s radiation than can induce the hyperpigmentation abnormality. From the above research showed that an ethanol extract of G. glabra has higher The antioxidant qualitative analysis from ethanol inhibitory potential to inhibit the tyrosinase activity because extract of G. glabra the IC50 was obtained in lower concentration.

To determine the ethanol extract of G. glabra consist of antioxidant compound or not, we do the antioxidant REFERENCES qualitative analysis test using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The identification result shows that the ethanol extract 1. Chang TS. Department of Biological Science and of G. glabra gives spots in TLC plate with different RF. The Technology. Taiwan: National University Tainan; 2009. suspected antioxidant substance is the second spot with 0.36 2. Fifi H, Witta W, Chris D, Salman U. The RF value, because this spot gives the yellow color after being antihyperpigmentation activity test in vitro and the gel disperse by DPPH solution compound. This spot is the same formulation’s development from ethanol extract of pine with glabridin which RF is 0.32. bark as a new natural product. Pharm Chem 2016;8:56-60.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S47 Wound Healing Activity of Prunus Domestica in Experimentally Induced Diabetic Rats

PCOG-22 Malviya Sapna, Joshi Ankur, Vyas Narendra, Kharia Anil Department of Pharmacognosy, Modern Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Indore, Madhya, Pradesh, India

Abstract

The hydroalcoholic extract of Prunus domestica fruit was evaluated for its wound healing activity in alloxan- induced diabetic rats using excision and dead space wound models. Extract-treated animals exhibited 79% reduction in the wound area when compared to diabetic controls which were 39%. The extract treated wounds were found to epithelize faster as compare to diabetic control. The wet tissue weight content was increased significantly from 75.17 ± 3.381 mg to 103.7 ± 7.116 mg when compared to diabetic control whereas dry tissue weight content was increased significantly from 33.83 ± 0.945 mg to 40.5 ± 9.787 mg when compared to diabetic control. The result suggests that P. domestica promotes significant wound healing in diabetic rats.

Key words: Alloxan, dead space wound model, excision wound model, Prunus domestica

INTRODUCTION injected with normal saline. Fasting blood glucose level was measured after 3 days to confirm the diabetic. iabetic wounds are slow, non-healing wounds that can persist for weeks Wound healing activity Ddespite adequate and appropriate care. Such wounds are difficult and tough to manage. The wound healing activity was performed using albino rats This wound healing deficits may be caused by using two models: impaired blood flow and oxygen release from • Excision wound model: Rats were inflicted with excision increased blood sugar. Prunus domestica fruit wounds according to the method of Shivananda et al. belongs to Family Rosaceae associated with 2007.[1] health benefits including improved bone health, • Dead space wound model: Dead space wounds were cognition, and memory as well as plum fruit inflicted using the method of Turner 1965.[2] possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

MATERIALS AND METHODS The excision wound model was carried out to study the topically applied P. domestica fruit extract on wound healing Preparation of fruit extract and contraction. Increase in the wound healing activity was observed in fruit extract treated rats. On the 5th day, animals Pulp was collected from the fruit and juice was of Group II showed greater percentage of wound contraction screened with the help of muslin cloth. The as compared to Group I. In diabetic animals, percentage of concentrate was dried, and percentage yield was wound contraction was greater in extract treated (Group IV) calculated. as compared to diabetic control (Group III). On the 11th day, similar wound contraction was observed. The wound Inductions of diabetes

The animals were injected with a single Address for correspondence: dose of alloxan monohydrate (120 mg/kg, Malviya Sapna, Modern Institute of Pharmaceutical Sigma) in normal saline (freshly prepared) by Sciences, Indore, Madhya, Pradesh, India. intraperitoneal route. Control animals were E-mail: [email protected]

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S48 Table 1: Wound healing activity of the P. domestica in alloxan‑induced diabetic rats using excision wound model Parameter Group I Group II Group III Group IV Group V wound (normal control) (normal fruit extract (diabetic control) (diabetic fruit extract (positive control) area (mm2) treated) treated) Day 1 220±1.02 222.70±1.764 219.80±1.537 221.50±1.310 220.12±1.770 Day 5 52.8±1.461 (24) 142.52±2.151** (63) 43.96±0.7638 (20) 135.11±1.352** (60) 149.68±1.726 (67) Day 11 94.63±1.256 (43%) 193.74±1.815** (87) 82.33±1.116 (39) 1174.98±1.89**2 (79) 200.30±1.939 (91) Values are expressed in mean±SEM; one‑way ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s test. Group I normal saline, Group II normal saline+the extract orally in a dose of 200 mg/kg for 10 days. Group III diabetic controls alloxan (120 mg/kg), and Group IV diabetic treated were given alloxan (120 mg/kg) + extract orally at a dose of 200 mg/kg for 10 days, Group V topically povidone‑iodine ointment

Table 2: Wound healing activity of the P. domestica in alloxan‑induced diabetic rats using dead space wound model Parameter Group I Group II Group III Group IV (normal (normal fruit extract (diabetic control) (diabetic fruit control) treated) extract treated) Wet granulation 99.67±8.168 152.8±17.54 75.17±3.381 103.7±7.116 weight (mg/100 g rat) Dry granulation 38.17±4.262 35.83±6.134 33.83±0.945 40.5±9.787 weight (mg/100 g rat) Values are expressed in mean±SEM; one‑way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test contraction results of extract-treated animals were comparable the dead space wound model [Table 2], the extract-treated with positive control as shown in Table 1. In excision wound animals in Groups II and IV showed significant increases in model, animals of Groups II and IV showed a decrease in the dry and wet weight of the granulation tissue. The present the epithelialization period and increased percentage of study demonstrates that P. domestica extract applied topically wound contraction when compared with the animals of promotes healing of wound contraction in alloxan-induced Groups I, III, and V [Table 1]. On day 11, the extract-treated diabetic rats where healing is delayed. animals (Groups II and IV) showed wound contraction by 87% compared with 45% in wounds of the control groups (Groups I and III). The wound contraction results of extract- REFERENCES treated animals were comparable with positive control. 1. Shivananda BN, Lexley PP, Dale M. Wound healing The dead space wound model was used to study difference in activity of Carica papaya L. in experimentally induced matrix synthesis between drug-treated and control groups. In diabetic rats. Indian J Exp Bio 2007;45:743. diabetic animals, the dry granuloma mass was increased by 2. Turner RA. Inflammatory agent in Screening Methods extract treatments. The normal treated Group II had greater of Pharmacology. 2nd ed. New York: Academic Press; wet/dry ratio than any other group as shown in Table 2. In 1965. p. 475.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S49 Phytochemical and Antioxidant Analysis of Malus pumila (Malus pumila peel)

Deepa Varandani1, Jain Sourabh1, Rusiya Richa2, Jain Sourabh2 1Department of Pharmacognosy, Pinnacle Biomedical Research Institute, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, PCOG-23 2Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam University, Previously known as Central India Institute of Pharmacy, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

Importance of medical plants is known to all from the ancient time. People tend to prefer household remedies for the cure of many diseases. Thus, here to investigate the importance of bioactive components present in the extract of Malus pumila peel. The present study was designed to investigate the phytochemical and antioxidant activity of M. pumila peel, family Rosaceae, was studied using various qualitative and quantitative phytochemical tests and various antioxidant activities. Methanolic extract was found more active than aqueous extract; the methanolic extract of M. pumila peel (M. pumila) shows the presence of carbohydrate, amino acids, protein, phenolic compound, steroids, etc.

Key words: Mallus Pumilla Peel, Qualitative ,Qualitative tests

INTRODUCTION Phytochemical testing Phytochemical testing was performed to identify presence alus pumila is the significant part of or absence of different bioactive constituents by a standard human diet. M. pumila is rich source of method trans and evans (year). Mmany compounds with proven health benefits. Apple (Musca domestica) is one of the Test for carbohydrate most widely cultivated tree fruit. Fruit of many apple cultivars can be stored for an extended period • The following tests perform by Molisch test, Fehling test, and Benedict test. with minimal loss of quality. The application of • Test for protein and amino acids: The following tests ethylene action blocker 1-methylcyclopropane [1] perform by biuret test and ninhydrin test. (1-MCP). Their primary and secondary • Test for glycosides: The following tests perform by metabolites include carbohydrates, organic acids, Borntrager’s test and Keller Killiani test. amino acids, and phenolic compounds. Malic acid • Test for alkaloids: The following tests perform by is primarily responsible for fruit acidity in apples. Mayer’s test, Hager’s Test, and Wagner’s test.

Tests for triterpenoids and steroids MATERIALS AND METHODS Salskowaski reaction

Selection and collection of plant Chloroform shaken with equal volumes of concentrated sulphuric acid and layers allowed to separate by standing, the chloroform layer turns red. Plant was selected on the basis of beneficial health effects and its ethanobotanical properties. libermann-Burchard’s test Fruit is collected from big bazaar Bhopal. Dissolve one or two crystals of cholesterol in dry chloroform in a dry test tube. Add several drops of acetic anhydride and Extraction of plant then 2 drops of conc.H2SO4 and mix carefully.

Fresh apple was taken and peel was off carefully. Peel was air dried in room temperature and grind by Address for correspondence: mechanical grinder and make a powder. Then, the Deepa Varandani, Pinnacle Biomedical Research Institute, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. powder was kept on airtight container and extraction E-mail: [email protected] was completed by the cold maceration method.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S50 Quantitative test Reducing power assay

Total phenol contents (TPC) The extract was prepared as mg/ml as stock solution. From the stock solution various concentrations in µg/ml were TPC was estimated according to the method of Ainsworth prepared. Add 0.5 ml of different concentrations of sample et al., 2007, spectrophotometrically. The following tests with 0.5 ml of phosphate buffer (0.2 M, pH 6.6) and 0.5 ml [2] perform by Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. of potassium ferricyanide (0.5 ml, 1%W/V). The Reaction mixture was incubated at 50° C for 20 min. After cooling, Total flavonoid content (TFC) estimation added 1.5 ml of trichloroacetic acid solution (10% W/V) to TFC estimation was determined according to the procedure terminate the reaction. After that added 0.5 ml ferric chloride of Zhishen et al., distilled water, 5% NaNO2 solution, 10% (0.1% W/V) and absorbance was measured at 700 nm. The AlCl3 solution, and adding 2 mL of 4% NaOH.[3] curve was plotted absorbance versus concentration.

RESULTS

Phytochemical estimation Phytochemical Methanolic Aqueous constituents extract extract Carbohydrates + + Protein + + Glycosides + + Alkaloids + + DISCUSSION Saponins + + Flavanoids + + In the present study, it is revealed that M. pumilia has so many Triterpenoides + + compounds such as carbohydrate, amino acids, fiber, glycoside, Tannins and phenolics + + and steroids. It has antioxidant activity. It contains phenolic compound in the qt. of 0.120 mg/g equivalent to gallic acid Quantitative photochemical investigation: TFC and TPC and flavonoid compound in the qt. of 0.093 mg/g equivalent to gallic acid. According to the results of antioxidant assays, in the DPPH assay aqueous extract has the significant difference with ascorbic acid, i.e., it has IC50 value 78.65 and 11.54, whereas methanolic extract’s IC50 value is 146.88.

CONCLUSION

Bioactivity-guided by fractionation of red delicious apple DPPH radical scavenging activity peels was used to determine the chemical identity of bioactive The extract was prepared as mg/ml as stock solution. From the constituents, which shows antioxidant activity. Compounds stock solution various concentrations in µg/ml were prepared. such as carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, and alkaloids By taking 2 ml from the various concentration and added 1 of triterpenoids are present. It is used to control many diseases. 0.1mM DPPH solution prepared in methanol. The mixture was incubated at room temperature for 30 min and the absorbance was taken at 515 nm against methanol as blank. REFERENCES

1. Johnson FT, Zhu Y. Transcriptome changes in apple peel

tissues during CO2 injury symptom development under controlled atmosphere storage regimens. Hortic Res 2015;2:15061. 2. Feng F, Li M, Ma F, Cheng L. Effects of location within the tree canopy on carbohydrates, organic acids, amino acids and phenolic compounds in the fruit peel and flesh from three apple (Malus×domestica) cultivars. Horticul Res 2014;1:14019. 3. Kaur S. Antihypertensive properties of an apple peel-can apple a day keep a doctor away? Bull Pharm Med Sci (BOPAMS) 2013;1:132-7.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S51 Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Shampoo Containing Hibiscus Leaves Extract and Piper Nigrum PCS-01

Anindya Goswami1,2, Pratik Tiwari1, Neelesh Malviya1 1Department of Pharmaceutics, Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, 2Department of Pharmacy, Mandsaur University, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

Hair is an important part of human body. Shampoos have chiefly been products intended at refinement the hair and scalp. The objective of the present research work was to develop an herbal shampoo with Black pepper (Piper nigrum) which is often used in ayurvedic medicines, and it stimulates hair follicles causing growth, and with Hibiscus leaves extract which is known as a hair growth promoter and a hair conditioner as well. The formulated shampoo was subjected to various tests to determine its physicochemical properties. The results clearly indicated that the formulated shampoo is having a satisfactory performance level, but further research is required to detect its hair growth promoting activity.

Key words: Shampoo, hibiscus, piper nigrum

INTRODUCTION filtrate was concentrated by allowing it to be evaporated from the Petri dish. air is one of the external barometers of internal body conditions. Hair Preparation of black pepper oil Hgrows from primary follicles. There are approximately 5 million total body hair Black pepper powder was purchased from local market of Indore. follicles, of which 100,000 to 150,000 are scalp This powder in required quantity was boiled with freshly purchased [1] follicles. The main problems associated with coconut oil with continuous stirring at a constant temperature; hairs are pigmentation (fading), dandruff and until the drug was completely extracted in the oil. The oil was [2] falling of hairs (shedding), and balding. then filtered through a muslin cloth and stored [Table 1].

MATERIALS AND METHODS Preparation of herbal shampoo

Plant material Coconut oil containing active principles of black pepper, olive oil, and castor oil was saponified with potassium Fresh leaves of Hibiscus were collected in the month hydroxide in a conical flask. After complete saponification, of September from the Herbal Garden premises glycerin was incorporated with stirring followed by mixing of Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education, of Hibiscus leaves extract. Ethyl alcohol, and methylparaben India. The collected leaves were dried in the shade, used as preservative and jasmine oil was used for masking powdered to a coarse consistency and stored in an the pungent smell of extract. airtight container at room temperature (35°C). Evaluation of formulated shampoo Preparation of hibiscus leaves extract • Physical appearance/visual inspection Hibiscus leaves were washed under the running The formulated shampoo was evaluated for the color, water to remove contaminants; it was dried under shade, coarsely powdered and extracted Address for correspondence: by cold maceration separately by agitation Pratik Tiwari, Smriti College of Pharmaceutical using 70% methanol for 5 days. The marc was Education, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. squeezed out and filtered off. The combined E-mail: [email protected]

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S52 Table 1: Formulation Composition of Hair Shampoo Table 2: Physicochemical evaluation of formulated Name of ingredients Formulation hair shampoo containing Hibiscus leaves extract and compositions (%w/w) black pepper Coconut oil with black pepper 10 Parameters Results Olive oil 3 Color Dark green Castor oil 3 Transparency Opaque Potassium hydroxide 3 Odor Pleasant Glycerin 2 Visual appearance Smooth and consistent Ethyl alcohol 4 Foreign particles Free from foreign particles Hibiscus leaves extract 5 pH 7.3 Jasmine oil 0.05 Viscosity (Cps) 900 cp Methylparaben 0.01 Surface tension (dynes/cm) 16.499 Distilled water q.s 100 Percentage of solid content 19%

transparency, odor, visual appearance, and presence of Foam producing ability Yes foreign particles. Foam type Small, non dense [3] • Determination of pH Foam stability Average The pH of the 10% v/v shampoo solution in distilled water was determined using pH tester at room temperature. Dirt dispersion Proper • Determination of percentage of solid contents Cleansing action Good The liquid portion of the shampoo was evaporated by placing Skin irritation Non‑irritant the dish on hot plate. The weight and percentage of the solid Visual stability No change in color and content of shampoo left after complete drying were calculated. pH • Foaming ability and foam stability 50 mL of the 1% formulated shampoo solution was placed into a 250 mL graduated cylinder, covered with RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS one hand and shaken for 10 times. After 1 min of shaking, the total volume of the foam content was recorded. The herbal shampoo with Black Pepper and Hibiscus Extract • Measurement of surface tension was evaluated and the results are given in Table 2. Surface tension of 10% diluted shampoo formulation was measured by drop weight method using stalagmometer at room temperature. CONCLUSION • Viscosity profile The viscosity profile of the shampoo formulation was The present study was aimed to formulate an herbal measured using Brookfield viscometer at 25°C. shampoo containing Hibiscus leaves extract and black • Dirt dispersion pepper. A number of tests were performed to determine the Two drops of shampoo were added in a large test tube physicochemical properties of the formulated herbal shampoo. containing 10 mL of distilled water. 1 drop of India ink was All the ingredients used to formulate, the shampoo was found added; the test tube was stoppered and shaken it 10 times. safer than commercial shampoos and the physicochemical • Cleaning action evaluation showed ideal results, but further research is 5 g of wool yarn was placed in grease, after that it was required to detect its hair growth promotion effects. placed in 200 mL of water containing 1 g of shampoo in a flask. The flask was shaken for 4 min at the rate of 50 times a minute. The amount of grease removed was calculated. • Skin irritation test REFERENCES The solution of prepared shampoo was applied on skin and kept for 5 min and observed for redness of skin and 1. Ekstrom von Lubitz DK. Subsurface tubular system in irritation. the outer sensory cells of the rat cochlea. Cell Tiss Res • Stability study 1981;220:787-95. The stability study was carried out for the prepared 2. Butler H, Poucher WA. Perfumes Cosmetics and Soaps. shampoo at standard room temperature of 25–30°C and London: Chapman and Hall; 1993. p. 130. at 4°C for 2 weeks. Several parameters such as physical 3. Tarun J, Susan J, Susan VJ, Criton S. Evaluation of pH appearance, odor, and color of the prepared shampoo of bathing soaps and shampoos for skin and hair care. were noticed. Indian J Dermatol 2014;59:442-4.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S53 Solubility Enhancement of Valsartan by Solid Dispersion Technique

PCS-02 Harshvardhan Chouhan, Madhavi Kasturi, Neelesh Malviya Department of Pharmaceutics, Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

Solubility is an important parameter which affects drug absorption as well its therapeutic efficacy. Drugs with low aqueous solubility always present one of the major confronts for better absorption of those drugs. The main aim of this study was enhancement of solubility of drug valsartan by the use of solid dispersion technique. In this study, solid dispersions of valsartan were prepared using synthetic hydrophilic polymers such as PEG-4000, PEG-6000, and poloxamer-407 by kneading technique. Solid dispersion technique may also help to improve bioavailability.

Key words: Solid dispersion, solubility enhancement, valsartan

INTRODUCTION Valsartan and polymers were weighed accurately into mortar and pestle. Then, 5 mL of methanol was added to mixture oor aqueous solubility and bioavailability and mixed for 45 min until thick paste was obtained. It was were the two major problems that hinder further dried at room temperature, passed through sieve no # Pdrug absorption after administration 44 and stored in polybags [Table 1]. and faced by various pharmaceutical [1] companies. Solid dispersion is one of the Saturation solubility studies: most possible techniques for enhancement of Studies were carried out using shake flask method. Excess solubility, dissolution rate as well absorption quantities of solid dispersions were added to 10 mL distilled of several water-insoluble drugs. There was water in 25 mL conical flasks.[2] The samples were shaken for tremendous improvement in solubility and 24 h and then filtered. Filtrate was analyzed for drug content bioavailability of poorly soluble drug by use of at 250 nm by ultraviolet spectrophotometer. hydrophilic polymers such as PEG-4000, PEG- 6000, and poloxamer-407. Valsartan was selected as a model drug in present work because it has Rheological properties very low aqueous solubility (0.021 mg/mL) and bioavailability (25%). Valsartan is an angiotensin Bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index, Hausner 2 receptor blocker and used widely in treatment ratio, and angle of repose. of hypertension. The solid dispersions of valsartan were prepared by the use of selected Percent practical yield: Calculated by considering theoretical polymers such as PEG-4000, PEG-6000, and and practical yield. poloxamer-407 using kneading technique.

Drug content analysis MATERIALS AND METHODS Solid dispersion equivalent to 40 mg of valsartan was Valsartan was obtained from hetero drugs, weighed accurately and dissolved in 100 mL of methanol and Hyderabad, India. All other chemicals used analyzed for drug content at 250 nm using ultraviolet (UV) were of analytical grade. spectrophotometer.

Address for correspondence: EXPERIMENTAL METHODS Harshvardhan Chouhan, Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, Preparation of valsartan solid dispersions by India. E-mail: [email protected] kneading technique:

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S54 Table 1: Formulation of drug using different polymeric carriers Ingredient SD 01 SD 02 SD 03 SD 04 SD 05 SD 06 SD 07 SD 08 SD 09 Drug 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 Poloxamer‑407 40 200 400 ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ PEG‑4000 ‑ ‑ ‑ 40 200 400 ‑ ‑ ‑ PEG‑6000 ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ 40 200 400

Table 2: Evaluation parameters of valsartan solid dispersions Parameter SD 01 SD 02 SD 03 SD 04 SD 05 SD 06 SD 07 SD 08 SD 09 Water solubility 0.082 0.095 0.103 0.107 0.116 0.128 0.143 0.166 0.179 Solubility enhancement 3.9 4.5 4.9 5.1 5.5 6.1 6.8 7.9 8.5 % Practical yield 95.5 96.2 96.2 94.9 96.7 95.8 96.3 96.2 97.7 Drug content 95.5 96.6 96.9 94.1 97.2 97.7 97.5 97.6 98.8 Angle of repose (θ) 27 27 24 28 24 24 25 26 22 Bulk density 0.74 0.72 0.71 0.74 0.72 0.7 0.69 0.71 0.71 Tapped density 0.85 0.83 0.81 0.84 0.83 0.79 0.76 0.78 0.79 Carr’s index 14.9 15.3 14.08 15.3 15.3 12.9 10.14 9.85 11.2 Hausner’s ratio 1.15 1.153 1.14 1.14 1.15 1.13 1.1 1.1 1.11

Figure 1: In vitro release profile of solid dispersion

Figure 2: Fourier-transform infrared and differential scanning calorimetry results of valsartan pure drug and solid dispersions.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S55 In vitro release studies In vitro release studies [Figure 1]

In vitro release studies of solid dispersions were performed Drug-excipient interaction studies of optimized valsartan by USP Type 2 apparatus using 900 ml of phosphate buffer solid dispersions. (pH-6.8) at 37 ± 0.5°C with 50 rpm speed. Samples were FTIR and DSC studies were performed to detect any drug- withdrawn periodically, filtered and analyzed for drug excipient interaction in valsartan solid dispersions [Figure 2]. content at 250 nm using UV.[2]

CONCLUSION DRUG-EXCIPIENT INTERACTION STUDIES OF OPTIMIZED VALSARTAN SOLID Successfully solid dispersions of valsartan were prepared DISPERSIONS with enhanced solubility in water.

Optimized valsartan solid dispersions were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and differential scanning REFERENCES calorimetry (DSC) analysis. 1. Meka K, Pola S, Tupally KR, Abbaraju PL. Development, evaluation and characterization of surface solid dispersion for solubility and dissolution enhancement of RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Irbesartan. Int J Drug Dev Res 2012;4:236-73. 2. Kaza R, Raju YP, Nagaraju R. Dissolution enhancement Solid dispersions of valsartan were evaluated and the results of valsartan using natural polymers. By solid dispersion are given in Table 2. technique. Pharm Lett 2013;5:126-34.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S56 Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Tablet of Venlafaxine Hydrochloride Using Coprocessed Superdisintegrants PCS-03

Vishakha Chauhan, Madhavi Kasturi, Neelesh Malviya Department of pharmaceutics, Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

The purpose of the investigation is to formulate fast dissolving tablets (FDTs) of venlafaxine hydrochloride, a novel antidepressant using coprocessed superdisintegrants by direct compression method. Mannitol and microcrystalline cellulose are used as directly compressible fillers. The influence of different concentrations of crospovidone and sodium starch glycolate was studied by set of 6 formulations (F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, and F6). Here, F1-F5 formulations contain different concentrations of coprocessed superdisintegrants prepared by solvent evaporation method whereas F6 is physical mixtures formulation. The prepared FDT’s were then evaluated for thickness, hardness, friability, weight variation, drug content, disintegration time, wetting time, and in vitro drug release. All the evaluation parameters were found to be within limits.

Key words: Coprocessed superdisintegrants, fast dissolving tablets, venlafaxine hydrochloride

INTRODUCTION cellulose (MCC), magnesium stearate, mannitol, ethanol, and talc were used. ast dissolving tablets (FDTs) are solid dosage form containing medicinal Fsubstance or active ingredient which EXPERIMENTAL METHODS disintegrate rapidly usually within a matter of seconds when placed on the tongue.[1] The FDTs of venlafaxine hydrochloride were prepared by direct absorption of drug starts from mouth, pharynx, compression method using coprocessed superdisintegrants and esophagus as the saliva pass down toward [Table 1]. the stomach.[2] The objective of preparing FDT of venlafaxine is to avoid first-pass metabolism Pre-compression flow properties of granules: The powder by allowing pre-gastric drug absorption thus blends of all the six formulations were studied for their reducing dose of drug. This gives possibility of granule properties such as angle of repose, bulk density, improved bioavailability due to rapid absorption tapped density, compressibility index, and Hausner’s ratio. and faster onset of action. Venlafaxine is an antidepressant drug that comes under the class Post-compression parameters: All the formulated tablets were serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. evaluated for post-compression parameters such as thickness, Venlafaxine is indicated for the treatment friability, hardness, weight variations, content uniformity, of depressive illness including depression wetting time, disintegration test, and in vitro drug release. accompanied by anxiety and panic attacks. Coprocessing is a novel concept of two or more excipients interacting at sub-particle level which RESULTS AND DISCUSSION serves the excipient granules with superior properties as compared with the physical mixture The results of all parameters were reported in Tables 2 and 3. of the excipients or individual components.[2]

Address for correspondence: MATERIALS AND METHODS Vishakha Chauhan, Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. Venlafaxine hydrochloride, crospovidone (CP), E-mail: [email protected] sodium starch glycolate (SSG), microcrystalline

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S57 Table 1: Composition of venlafaxine hydrochloride FDTs Ingredients (mg) F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 Venlafaxine HCL 25 25 25 25 25 25 SSG:CP 10 (1:1) 10 (1:2) 10 (1:3) 10 (2:1) 10 (3:1) 10 (1:1)

MCC 48 48 48 48 48 48

Mg. stearate 5 5 5 5 5 5 Mannitol 110 110 110 110 110 110 Talc 2 2 2 2 2 2 Total 200 200 200 200 200 200 F1‑F5 coprocessed and F6 ‑ physical mixture, FDTs: Fast dissolving tablets

Table 2: Pre‑compression studies of venlafaxine hydrochloride FDTs Parameters F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 Angle of repose (θ) 22.73 24.08 21.85 21.70 18.88 23.12.0 Bulk density (g/cm3) 0.46 0.44 0.45 0.50 0.48 0.51 Tappeddensity (g/cm3) 0.60 0.55 0.54 0.61 0.55 0.63 Carr’s index (%) 23.3 20.0 16.6 18.0 12.7 23.5 Hausner’s ratio 1.30 1.25 1.20 1.22 1.14 1.23 FDTs: Fast dissolving tablets

Table 3: Post‑compression studies of venlafaxine hydrochloride FDTs Parameters F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 Thickness (mm) 2.50 2.52 2.51 2.48 2.49 2.53 Hardness (kg/cm2) 2.9 3.0 2.7 2.9 2.6 2.7 Friability (%) 0.89 0.92 0.85 0.87 0.80 0.84 Weight variation (mg) 198.9 194.0 195.0 197.2 199.6 197.0 Wetting time (s) 70 47 38 51 35 52 Drug content (%) 98.63 99.57 99.75 99.71 99.80 99.39 Disintegration time 58 42 33 40 30 45 FDTs: Fast dissolving tablets

In vitro drug release [Figure 1] CONCLUSION

Finally, venlafaxine hydrochloride FDTs were prepared.

REFERENCES

1. Rao NG, Shravani B. Formulation and evaluation of fast dissolving tablets of montelukast sodium using coprocessed superdisintegrants. Int J Drug Dev Res 2014;6:125-34. 2. Kapse NK, Bharti VP. Co-processed superdisintegrants: Figure 1: In vitro drug release studies of venlafaxine Novel technique for design orodispersible tablets. hydrochloride fast dissolving tablets J Innov Pharm Biol Sci 2015;2:541-55.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S58 Formulation and Evaluation of Foam Bath with Antifungal Potential

PCS-04 Nidhi Phase, Deepesh Rajput, Mr. Ankit Mangal Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education, Indore (M.P.), Nidhi Phase, Deepesh Rajput, Ankit Mangal, Tahir Nizami

Abstract

A foam bath is a filled bathtub with a layer of surfactant foam on the surface of the water and consequently also the surfactant product used to produce the foam. Foam bath preparations may be in the form of liquid (or gel) with water, or as solids in the form of powders, grains, or tablets. The present investigation was carries out to formulate the medicated foam bath powder preparation based on traditional knowledge and to develop a few parameters for quality and purity of foam bath powder. The formulated medicated foam bath powder preparations were evaluated for the organoleptic, general powder characteristics, and physiochemical studies. They were also evaluated for their different properties, cleaning action foaming capacity, and pH, etc., from the given studies it is concluded all the three foam bath powder formulations are showing good results and contains all the desired properties.

Key words: Antifungal, foam bath, neem

INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS

he human skin is the outer covering All the ingredients were weighed accurately using electronic of the body. In human, it is the largest balance. They were triturated in mortar pestle by geometric Torgan of the integumentary system. dilution method. Perfume was added in sufficient quantity to The skin has up to seven layers of ectodermal produce desired color. The formulation was then passed from tissue and guards the underlying muscles, sieve number 44 [Table 1]. bones, ligaments, and internal organs. For the average adult human, the skin has a surface area of between 1.5 and 2.0 m2 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (16.1–21.5 sq ft.). Skin is composed of three primary layers: The epidermis, the dermis, The results of all parameters were reported in Tables 2,3,4,and 5. and the hypodermis. Fungal infections affect the outer layers of the skin, nails, and hair. In contrary to many of the other infections CONCLUSION affecting the outer organ system in humans, the fungi may cause dermatological condition The different formulations of foam bath powder were that does not involve tissue invasion. They prepared. The formulated medicated foam bath powder may be caused by yeast dermatophytes, preparations were evaluated for the organoleptic, general such as epidermophytons, microsporum, powder characteristics, and physiochemical studies. They [1,2] and trichophyton. A foam bath is a filled were also evaluated for their different properties, cleaning bathtub with a layer of surfactant foam on the action foaming capacity, and pH, etc., from the given studies surface of the water and consequently also the it is concluded all the three foam bath powder formulations surfactant product used to produce the foam. are showing promising results and contains all the desired Foam bath preparations may be in the form of properties. liquid (or gel) with water, or as solids in the form of powders, grains, or tablets. Addition of essential oils such as lavender, vanilla Address for correspondence: will encourage natural relaxation. Foam bath Ankit Mangal, Smriti College of Pharmaceutical benefits in maintain a healthy and glowing Education, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. skin.[3] E-mail: [email protected]

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S59 Table 1: Composition of foam bath Ingredients Formulation No. 1 Formulation No. 2 Formulation No. 3 Sodium laryl sulfate 29 g 27 g 25 g Neem 5 g 5 g 5 g Zinc oxide 10 g ‑ ‑ Corn starch ‑ 10 g 10 g Sodium carbonate 3 g 3 g ‑ Citric acid pH up to 6 pH up to 6 pH up to 6 Coloring agent q.s. q.s. q.s. Perfume q.s. q.s. q.s.

Table 2: Physical evaluation of foam bath powder Physical evaluation Formulation No. 1 Formulation No. 2 Formulation No. 3 Color Faint pink Faint pink Faint pink Odor Pleasant Pleasant Pleasant Texture Fine and smooth Fine and smooth Fine and smooth

Table 3: General characterization of foam bath powder General characteristics Formulation No. 1 Formulation No. 2 Formulation No. 3 Bulk density 0.503 0.521 0.483 Tapped density 0.699 0.968 0.846 Angle of repose 25.65 53.67 46.30

Table 4: Different evaluation parameter of foam bath powder Evaluation parameter Formulation No. 1 Formulation No. 2 Formulation No. 3 pH 6 5.96 5.67 Skin irritation No irritation No irritation No irritation Cleansing action (%) 21.83 27.05 38.58

Table 5: Foaming stability of foam bath powder Formulation No. 1 (mL) Formulation No. 2 (mL) Formulation No. 3 (mL) 96 98 95 95 97 93 95 97 93 94 98 92 94 96 91

REFERENCES 2. Proksch E, Brandner JM, Jensen JM. The skin: An indispensable barrier. Exp Dermatol 2008;17:1063-72. 1. James GM, Jeffery M. Lookingbill and Marks’ Principles 3. Mithal B.M., Saha R.N., A Handbook of Cosmetic. of Dermatology. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Inc.; Vallabh Prakashan; 1st ed. Delhi: Vallabh Prakashan 2006. Publishers 2002; 110-112.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S60 Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Tablets of Albendazole

PCS-05 Nikita Sohaney, Yogita Jain, Ankur Joshi, Sapna Malviya, Anil Kharia Department of Pharmaceutics, Modern Institutes of Pharmaceutical Sciences Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

In the current research, fast dissolving tablets of albendazole (ABZ) were prepared dissolution has a maximum value 249.38 (µg/mL) and it follows first-order kinetic drug release models. Tablets were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, friability, water absorption ratio, wetting time, content of uniformity, and in vitro disintegration time and the parameters were found 1.2 ± 0.74, 2.3 ± 0.05, 0.59 ± 0.1, 2.3 ± 0.05, 96.97 ± 0.89, and 99.97 ± 0.89, respectively. Thus, it can be concluded that sodium starch glycolate was found best superdisintegrating agent.

Key words: Albendazole, mouth dissolving tablets, solid dispersion, solubility enhancement

INTRODUCTION carmellose sodium (CCS) and sodium starch glycolate (SSG) as superdisintegrants. The ABZ solid dispersion equivalent lbendazole is a benzimidazole to 200 mg, mannitol, polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30(PVP K-30), conventional which is used for the and aspartame were mixed thoroughly in glass mortar using a treatment of a diversity of parasitic worm pestle. Disintegrants or superdisintegrants were incorporated A in the powder mixture according to each formulation in the infestations. It is a broad-spectrum antihermitic and is efficacious antagonistic toward roundworms, tablets and finally magnesium stearates were added.[1-3] The tapeworms, and flukes. These are novel types of whole mixture will be passed through Sieve No. 60 twice. tablets that dissolve/disintegrate/disperse in saliva Tablets will be prepared using tablet machine [Table 1]. within few seconds without water.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION EXPERIMENTAL METHODS • Evaluation of tablets • Formulation of tablets • Formulation of tablets

Fast dissolving tablets of ABZ were prepared Address for correspondence: using direct compression method incorporating Nikita Sohaney, Modern Institutes of Pharmaceutical microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and sodium Sciences Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. alginate (SA) as disintegrants and cross E-mail: [email protected]

Table 1: Formulae for tablets Ingredients F1 (in mg) F2 (in mg) F3 (in mg) F4 (in mg) Solid dispersion of ABZ equivalent to 200 200 200 200 PVP K‑30 33 33 33 33 Magnesium stearate 11 11 11 11 Mannitol 500 500 500 500 Aspartame 22 22 22 22 Sodium alginate 55 ‑ ‑ ‑ Microcrystalline cellulose ‑ 55 ‑ ‑ Sodium starch glycolate ‑ ‑ 55 ‑ Cross carmellose sodium ‑ ‑ ‑ 55

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S61 Table 2: Evaluation of solid dispersion F Dissolution studies drug release First‑order Zero‑order Higuchi model Korsmeyer‑Peppas model (in 90 min) (µg/mL) F1 129.69 0.936 0.856 0.770 0.318 F2 86.3 0.929 0.947 0.837 0.749 F3 78.6 0.916 0.954 0.827 0.728 F4 249.38 0.991 0.969 0.886 0.847

Table 3: Evaluation parameter of tablets F Hardness Weight variation Friability Disintegration time Wetting time Content of uniformity F1 3.5±0.5 3.5±1.5 0.96±0.5 4.85±1.50 4.15±0.25 96.28±0.75 F2 3.8±0.5 2.9±1.4 0.68±0.15 5.31±0.30 3.1±0.25 95.81±0.37 F3 2.3±0.05 1.2±0.74 0.59±0.1 1.45±0.25 2.3±0.05 99.97±0.89 F4 4.2±2.0.5 2.4±1.30 0.72±0.2 2.96±1.60 3.4±1.9 94.64±0.29

• Dissolution studies and kinetic models for drug release REFERENCES [Tables 2 and 3]. 1. Cheng R, Guo X, Burusid B, Couch R. A review of fast dissolving tablets. Pharm Tech (North America) CONCLUSION 2000;24:52-8. 2. Bandari S, Palli RM, Gannu R, Rao YM. Or dispersible In this work, from the observation at the time of measurement tablets: An overview. Asian J Pharm 2008; 2:2-11. of dispersion time and disintegration time, it was proved that 3. Vemula VR, Lagishetty V, Lingala S. Solubility sodium starch glycolate (SSG) increases the solubility and enhancement techniques. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res thus decreases the dispersion time disintegration time. 2010;5:41-51.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S62 Formulation and Evaluation of Transdermal Patch of Glibenclamide

PCS-06 Verma Poojashree, Joshi Ankur, Vyas Narendra, Malviya Sapna, Kharia Anil Department of Pharmaceutics, Modern Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) also known as patches are dosage form designed to deliver the therapeutically effective amount of drug across the patient skin. Glibenclamide is the drug of choice mainly prescribed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Oral therapy with glibenclamide comprises problems of bioavailability fluctuations and may be associated with severe hypoglycemia and gastric disturbances. Chitosan polymer was utilized in developing TDDS. Chitosan has film-forming ability, bioadhesive, and absorption- enhancing properties. Effect of different permeation enhancers such as oleic acid and ethanol was studied. Chitosan and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose are better formulation for control release of drug up to 8 h of time. However, the in vitro drug release of the best formulation F4 follows zero-order kinetic and the mechanism of the present study encourage that the glibenclamide transdermal patch can be used as controlled drug delivery system and frequency of administration can be minimized.

Key words: Chitosan, glibenclamide, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, oleic acid

INTRODUCTION by dissolving in a mixture of water and ethanol (8:2), respectively. To the above polymeric solution 30% w/w ransdermal drug delivery system is (with respect to dry weight of polymer) of DBT and was the system in which the delivery of added. DBT was used as a plasticizer in the preparation the active ingredients of the drug of films. 10 mg of glibenclamide was added and stirred T for 30 min and penetration enhancer was added. Drug- occurs by means of skin. Several important advantages of transdermal drug delivery are containing polymeric solution (10 mL) was poured into limitation of hepatic first-pass metabolism, a Petri dish, and kept in an oven at 40°C for complete [1-3] enhancement of therapeutic efficiency and drying. The dried films were removed from the Petri maintenance of steady plasma level of the dish and stored in desiccators until use [Table 1 and drug. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic Figure 1]. disorder characterized by high blood glucose concentration hyperglycemia caused by insulin deficiency, often combined with Table 1: Composition of transdermal patch insulin resistance. Glibenclamide is an oral Ingredient Formulation sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent. F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 Drug (mg) 10 10 10 10 10 10 MATERIALS AND METHODS Chitosan % (w/v) 25 25 25 50 50 50 HPMC % (w/v) 25 50 75 25 50 75 DBT % w\v 30 30 30 30 30 30 Preparation of transdermal film Oleic acid 5 5 5 5 5 5 Solvent casting technique was employed in the Ethanol:water 8:2 8:2 8:2 8:2 8:2 8:2 present work for the preparation of drug films. HPMC: Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

Solution of plain chitosan and chitosan/ Address for correspondence: hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) Verma Poojashree, Modern Institute of Pharmaceutical blend was prepared by dissolving the Sciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. polymer in 1.0% w/v acetic acid solution, E-mail: [email protected] and the solution of HPMC was prepared

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S63 a b Figure 1: (a-b) Drug release study on F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION REFERENCES

On the basis of drug release study, the formulation F4 was 1. Allen LV, Popovich NG, Ansel S. Pharmaceutical Dosage found to be optimum. Transdermal preparation solvent casting Form and Drug Delivery System. Baltimore, MD: method was most prominent method to obtained clear, smooth Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2005. and with superior thickness. Based on drug content and drug 2. Agrawal S, Balamurugan S. Formulation and evaluation release of various batch optimized batch was found to be F4. of chitosan based bioadhesive transdermal drug delivery systems of lisinopril for prolonged drug delivery. Pharm Transdermal patches of glibenclamide were prepared using Sin 2013:4:1-7. polymer, such as HPMC and Chitosan. The patches were 3. Darwhekar G, Jain N, Patidar V. Formulation and transparent, smooth, and flexible. The optimized batch was selected evaluation of transdermal drug delivery system of on the base of drug in vitro drug release study by diffusion study. clopidogrel. Int J Chem Sci Res 2010;2:221.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S64 Formulation and Evaluation of Oral Disintegrating Tablets of Valsartan Using Coprocessed Superdisintegrant Technique PCS-07

Madhavi Kasturi, Neha Amera, Harish Rathore, Priyank Soni, Neelesh Malviya Department of Pharmaceutics, Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

The aim of the proposed work is to formulate and evaluate oral dispersible tablets (ODTs) of valsartan using coprocessed superdisintegrants which may produce rapid onset of action for management of hypertension in elderly patients. Here, six formulations of valsartan ODTs were prepared using microcrystalline cellulose, mannitol, and coprocessed superdisintegrants such as crospovidone and sodium starch glycolate. Crospovidone has high capillary activity; hydration capacity and sodium starch glycolate have high swelling capacity. All prepared formulations were subjected for various pre-compression and post-compression parameters. Among all, F6 showed better drug release of 99.3% within 12 min and also has least disintegration time of 10 s.

Key words: Oral disintegrating tablets, Coprocessed super disintegrants, Valsartan

INTRODUCTION EXPERIMENTAL METHODS

ast dissolving tablets are advantageous Formulation of oral disintegrating tablets of valsartan in the way they are ideal for all types of people, including those who have F ODTs of valsartan were prepared by direct compression swallowing difficulties, pediatric, geriatric, and technique. Valsartan, mannitol, and coprocessed bedridden patients, and also traveler friendly as superdisintegrants must be passed through sieve # 60. Orange they do not require water to swallow the dosage flavor, magnesium stearate and talc previously passed through form. Oral disintegrating tablets (ODTs) also sieve # 60 were then added to above blend and finally known as fast dissolving tablets (FDTs) are solid compressed using rotary tablet compression machine [Table 1]. single-unit dosage forms when placed in mouth disperse/dissolve in the saliva without any need of water and provides quick onset of action by the Evaluation of pre-compression parameters of bulk powder use of superdisintegrants. Coprocessing is novel technique used in the formation of coprocessed Pre-compression parameters or rheological properties of bulk superdisintegrants such as crospovidone, powder are evaluated such as angle of repose, bulk density, croscarmellose sodium, and sodium starch tapped density, compressibility index, and Hausner’s ratio glycolate with superior properties compared to normal physical mixing.[1] The rationale to Evaluation of oral disintegrating tablets of choose valsartan for ODT formulation is that it valsartan (post-compression parameters) has very low systemic availability of 25%, which is reduced to about 15% by food. Valsartan is The post-compression evaluation parameters include determination an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used in the of weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, wetting time, [2] management of hypertension. water absorption ratio, content uniformity, disintegration time, and in vitro release studies of valsartan ODT tablets. MATERIALS AND METHODS Address for correspondence: Neha Amera, Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Valsartan was obtained as gift sample from Education, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India hetero drugs, Hyderabad. All other chemicals E-mail: [email protected] and excipients used were of analytical grade.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S65 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In vitro release studies

The results of pre- and post-compression parameters are The results of in vitro dissolution revel that F6 formulation showed given in Table 2. maximum cumulative percent release of 94.7% within 12 min.

Table 1: Composition of oral disintegrating tablets of valsartan Ingredients F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 Valsartan (mg) 40 40 40 40 40 40 Microcrystalline cellulose (mg) 80 85 90 95 100 105 Sodium starch glycolate (mg) 20 19 18 17 16 15 Crospovidone (mg) 15 16 17 18 19 20 Mannitol (mg) 105 100 95 90 85 80 Mint flavor (mg) 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Magnesium stearate (mg) 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 Talc (mg) 1 1 1 1 1 1 Total weight (mg) 265 265 265 265 265 265

Table 2: Pre‑ and post‑ compression studies of valsartan ODT formulations Parameters F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 Pre‑compression parameters Bulk density 0.4 0.41 0.41 0.42 0.43 0.44 Tapped density 0.51 0.55 0.56 0.58 0.62 0.66 Carr’s index 21.6 25.5 26.8 27.6 28.5 33.33 Hausner’s ratio 1.28 1.34 1.37 1.38 1.44 1.5 Angle of repose 27.5 28.2 26.3 27.1 26.5 27.2 Post‑compression parameters Weight variation (mg) 263±0.21 264±0.21 265±0.12 265±0.43 266±0.12 265±0.11 Tablet thickness (mm) 2.15 2.14 2.15 2.13 2.13 2.11 Tablet hardness (kg/cm2) 4 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.4 3.9 Friability (%) 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.17 0.14 0.12 Wetting time (s) 28 27 23 26 24 23 Disintegration time (s) 21 20 21 20 19 17 Drug content (%) 99.15 99.22 99.32 99.38 99.65 99.72

Figure 1: In vitro release profile of valsartan oral disintegrating tablets formulations

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S66 The reason may be due to the presence of higher concentration of REFERENCES crospovidone having greater wetting property [Figure 1]. 1. Kapse NK, Bharti VP, Birajdar AS, Munde AV, Panchal PP. Co-processed superdisintegrants: Novel CONCLUSION technique for design orodispersible tablets. J Innov Pharm Biol Sci 2015;2:541-55. Finally, oral dispersible tablets of valsartan prepared using coprocessed superdisintegrants may provide faster, safer, and 2. Kumar AP, Satyanaryana J, Kishore VS, Murthy TE. effective drug delivery along with patient compliance in the Formulation and evaluation of valsartan fast dissolving management of hypertension. tablets. Res J Pharm Technol 2011;4:454-6.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S67 Formulation and Evaluation of Lumefantrine Liquisolid Systems

1 2 3

PCS-08 Amreen Khan , Madhavi Kasturi , Shikha Agrawal 1Department of Pharmaceutics, BM college of Pharmaceutical Education Research, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, 2Department of Pharmaceutics, Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, 3Department of Pharmaceutics, Swami Vivekanand College of Pharmacy, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

The objective of present research work was to formulate and evaluate lumefantrine liquisolid systems using novel liquisolid technique to give increased dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drug lumefantrine. About 9 formulations were prepared and were evaluated for flow properties, solubility, drug content, and drug release studies. Scanning electron microscopy results confirmed the transformation of native crystalline nature of drug to amorphous state. Fourier-transform infrared and differential scanning calorimetry analysis also confirmed no drug-excipient interaction. Liquisolid formulations showed improved in vitro dissolution behavior of lumefantrine over that of pure drug.

Key words: Aerosil, avicel, lumefantrine, PEG 400, proplylene glycol, tween 80

INTRODUCTION approximately 1 min to evenly distribute the drug with the non-volatile liquid. In the second stage, calculated quantities he objective of present research work of carrier material were added to the liquid medicament and is to enhance the aqueous solubility of evenly spread as a uniform layer on the surfaces of the mortar poorly water-soluble drug lumefantrine for 5 min to allow the drug solution to be absorbed in interior T of the powder particles. In the third stage, the coating material using liquisolid technique. Lumefantrine, also known as benflumetol, is an antimalarial was added and triturated.[2] drug. It is a long-acting antimalarial drug and is highly effective in the treatment of resistant Evaluation of liquisolids of lumefantrine Plasmodium falciparum malaria.[1] It belongs to BCS Class IV having low solubility and low Liquisolid systems of lumefantrine were evaluated for permeation. The drug is having low solubility flow properties, water solubility, drug content, and in vitro (0.092 mg/mL) and oral bioavailability of 18%. dissolution studies.

MATERIALS AND METHODS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Lumefantrine was kindly gifted by Cipla The formulation and evaluation parameters of lumefantrine Pharmaceuticals (Pithampur). All other chemicals liquisolid systems were given in Tables 1 and 2. and excipients used were of analytical grade.

In vitro release studies and FTIR and DSC studies EXPERIMENTAL METHODS The in vitro release studies, FTIR and DSC studies were Formulation of lumefantrine capsule using performed. The F9 Formulation showed maximum drug solution and suspension method cumulative percent release of 98.7% within 60 min.

Desired quantities of drug and non-volatile Address for correspondence: solvents were accurately weighed in a beaker and Amreen Khan, BM college of Pharmaceutical Education then stirred continuously, until a homogenous Research, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. drug solution/suspension was obtained. E-mail: [email protected] The system was subjected to sonication for

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S68 Table 1: Composition of optimized lumefantrine liquisolid capsule formulation according to the mathematical model

Batch Drug (mg) W (mg) R R=Q/q Lf Lf=W/Q Avicel ®PH 101 Aerosil (mg) Total

code non‑volatile (mg) Q=W/Lf q=Q/R weight (mg) solvent F1 60 100 PEG‑400 1.66 1 100 60.24 322.9 F2 60 110 2 0.91 131 60 363.91 F3 60 120 2.5 0.8 187.5 60 430.8 F4 60 100 PG 1.66 1 100 60.24 322.9 F5 60 110 2 0.91 131 60 363.91 F6 60 120 2.5 0.8 187.5 60 430.8 F7 60 100 Tween 80 1.66 1 100 60.24 322.9 F8 60 110 2 0.91 131 60 363.91 F9 60 120 2.5 0.8 187.5 60 430.8

Table 2: Evaluation parameters of liquisolid systems of lumefantrine Parameter F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 Bulk density 0.395 0.396 0.394 0.382 0.378 0.377 0.379 0.379 0.396 Tapped density 0.447 0.428 0.448 0.443 0.444 0.45 0.446 0.449 0.45 Hausner’s ratio 1.14 1.11 1.16 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.12 1.13 1.14 Carr’s index 12.15 12.88 12.71 14.61 15.46 15.41 12.14 12.35 11.01 Angle of repose 26.21 26.90 27.20 27.81 28.32 28.25 29.78 30.43 31.41 Solubility study 0.162 0.152 0.158 0.162 0.179 0.179 0.181 0.192 0.197 % drug content 86.00 88.11 90.62 92.90 93.05 94.20 95.76 97.07 98.54

Figure 1: (a) In vitro release of lumefantrine liquisolid systems; (b) Fourier-Transform Infrared; (c) Differential Scanning Calorimetry study for pure drug (a), formulation F9 (b), and microcrystalline cellulose (c); (d) Scanning Electron Microscopy of pure drug and formulation CONCLUSION REFERENCES 1. Narayankar S, Phadke M. Development of discriminating It can be concluded that dissolution studies revealed dissolution procedure for artemether and lumefantrine increased dissolution profile and enhanced solubility of tablets. Pharm Chem 2010;2:394-9. lumefantrine liquisolid formulations compared to that of 2. Spireas S, Sadu S. Enhancement of prednisolone dissolution pure drug. properties using liquisolid compacts. Int J Pharm 1998;166:177-88.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S69 Formulation and Evaluation of Sublingual Tablet of Valsartan to Prevent its Extensive First-pass Metabolism PCS-09

Deepak Joshi, Arti Majumdar, Neelesh Malviya Department of Pharmaceutics, Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

The objective of the study was to formulate sublingual tablets of Valsartan for improving its oral bioavailability and provides fast onset of action. Method: The solid dispersion of Valsartan prepared with beta-cyclodextrin in proportion of 1:0.5 and solubility study was performed. The prepared solid dispersion was used in the formulation of sublingual tablet of Valsartan by direct compression. Sublingual tablets were formulated using superdisintigrants crospovidone and sodium starch glycolate. Results: F1 to F7 formulations were prepared. The formulations were evaluated for physical properties, weight variation, disintegration time, content uniformity, wetting time, and in vitro dissolution. F3 formulation showed the disintegration time of 40 s and in vitro drug release 96.41% in 30 min.

Key words: Crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate, sublingual, Valsartan

INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS

ral drug delivery system achieved a Valsartan was obtained as a gift sample from Hetero Drugs great success and very common route Hyderabad. Sodium starch glycolate and lactose were obtained Oof drug administration. The reason from HiMedia laboratories. Crospovidone was obtained behind this popularity may be by its “ease from Chemco laboratories. Microcrystalline cellulose was of administration” but one factor may affect obtained from Oxford laboratory reagent Thane. its popularity and use of administration, i.e., extensive first-pass metabolism. The Solubility studies drug degrades through extensive first pass metabolism therefore have low bioavailability. Solubility of valsartan in water was 0.596 mg/mL, in buffer Sublingual route of drug referred to a method (pH6.8) was 1.131 mg/mL, in ethanol was 2.84 mg/mL, and by which a drug is administered by the mouth in methanol was 3.662 mg/mL. in such way that the drug is rapidly absorbed by the blood vessels rather than absorbing through GIT.[1] Valsartan is an angiotensin-receptor Preparation of solid dispersion by kneading method blocker, which is an antagonist of angiotensin II receptor used in the treatment of hypertension. In this method, drug and polymer were taken to reduce the Valsartan is poorly water-soluble drug. It has size of the mixture. The distilled water was added in physical aqueous solubility <1 mg/mL. Valsartan comes mixture, and slurry mass was formed which dried in hot air under BSC Class-II drug. Valsartan undergoes oven at 45°C. The dried product was passed through sieve extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism. It has oral bioavailability of 23–25%. The Address for correspondence: present research focus on the formulation and Deepak Joshi, Smriti College of Pharmaceutical evaluation of sublingual tablets of valsartan Education Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. using superdisintegrants.[2] E-mail: [email protected]

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S70 no.36. After that, solubility study performed and reported as RESULTS AND DISCUSSION solubility of solid dispersion using Valsartan with polymer PVP K30 was 1.820 mg/mL, PEG-6000 was 2.368 mg/mL, Formulations of sublingual tablets of 7 batches were prepared and beta-cyclodextrin was 3.009 mg/mL. by changing the concentration of sodium starch glycolate and crospovidone. The DSC and FTIR study not show any Formulation and evaluation of sublingual tablets of interaction between valsartan and excipients. The hardness valsartan of tablets and friability was in the limit of acceptance. Uniformity of weight of all the formulations was also within The formulation of the sublingual tablet of Valsartan was the range. Wetting time, disintegration time, and content prepared by direct compression method [Tables 1-4]. uniformity reported in the Table 3. The in vitro drug release

Table 1: Formulation of sublingual tablets of valsartan Ingredients F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 Valsartan (mg) 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 SSG (mg) ‑ 5 (2) 10 (4) 15 (6) ‑ ‑ ‑ CP (mg) ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ 5 (2) 10 (4) 15 (6) Lactose (mg) 120 115 110 105 115 110 105 Sucrose (mg) 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 MCC (mg) 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 Talc (mg) 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

Table 2: Pre‑compression parameters of blend Parameters F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 Bulk density (g/mL) 0.612 0.601 0.608 0.629 0.600 0.587 0.606 Tapped density (g/mL) 0739 0.716 0.699 0.724 0.683 0.692 0.711 Angle of repose 25.8 22.3 24.7 21.65 26.88 26.24 25.07 Compressibility index (%) 17.18 16.06 13.01 13.12 12.15 15.17 14.76 Hausner’s ratio 1.20 1.19 1.14 1.15 1.13 1.17 1.17

Table 3: Post compression parameters of sublingual valsartan tablets Parameters F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 Diameter (mm) 10.3 10.3 10.7 10.5 10.2 10.1 10.3 Hardness (kg/cm2) 3.0 3.4 3.9 3.3 3.1 3.8 3.4 Thickness (mm) 2.0 1.93 1.95 1.90 2.20 1.98 1.91 Friability (%) 0.69 0.54 0.23 0.75 0.71 0.46 0.42 Weight variation (mg) 248±0.82 248±0.31 250±0.99 252±0.11 249±0.40 250±0.54 250±0.38 Wetting time 90 39 30 27 30 21 26 Disintegration time 178 58 41 28 46 35 39 Content uniformity 99.12 99.87 99.54 99.01 99.83 99.43 99.17

Table 4: In vitro drug release of sublingual valsartan tablets Time (min.) F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 31.33 68.80 64.39 81.40 54.24 60.13 66.51 10 42.37 73.30 84.08 83.20 60.13 74.69 77.55 15 51.04 82.46 90.54 87.61 70.03 83.44 84.99 20 59.05 88.43 91.84 91.10 80.25 91.21 90.63 25 62.49 94.15 96.17 91.34 87.86 92.11 92.75 30 65.02 94.23 96.41 91.74 90.31 93.99 94.22

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S71 of tablets was determined, and F3 formulation showed REFERENCES maximum cumulative percentage drug release. 1. Kumar MK, Nagaraju K, Bhanja S, Sudhakar M. Formulation and evaluation of sublingual tablets CONCLUSION of terazosin hydrochloride. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2014;5:417-27. Sublingual tablets of valsartan were successfully prepared 2. Revathi S, Moulali SK, Dhanaraju MD. Formulation and which concluded that solubility of Valsartan was increased evaluation of orodispersible valsartan tablets. Sch Res using solid dispersion prepared by Kneading technique. Libr 2015;7:315-32.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S72 Design, Development, and Evaluation of Ethosomal Gel of Luliconazole for Topical Fungal Infection PCS-11

Avika Sharma1, Suman Gehlot1, Shailesh Gupta2, Sumeet Dwivedi1, Raghvendra Dubey1 1Department of Pharmacy, COP, Dr. A.P.J.Abdul Kalam University, 2Department of Pharmacy, Scan Laboratories, Bhopal (M.P.)

Abstract

The present work on the preparation of topical ethosomal gel containing luliconazole is an attempt to utilize the immense potential of ethosomes as a carrier to increase the permeability. In this contribution, development and evaluation of the ethosomes containing luliconazole were achieved to obtain the optimized formulation which suit for application as skin delivery system. Luliconazole is used for the treatment of local and systemic fungal infection. However, one of the major problems for efficient drug delivery is low penetration rate of luliconazole due to its high solubility and low permeability. Further, the physicochemical modification in the drug by means of phospholipid membrane also promises to prolong the drug action. A number of problems associated with drug molecule such as bioavailability, degradation, stability, and side effects can be overcome by incorporating it into ethosomes. The ethosomes of luliconazole were prepared by cold method and were evaluated. In vitro release of F7 formulation was higher than other formulation prepared. The ethosomal gel formulation of luliconazole was evaluated for organoleptic characteristics. The pH of gel base and freshly prepared ethosomal gel noted down the pH of gel base was found to be 7.2 and pH of ethosomes gel of different formulation was presented in the table. The viscosity of Carbopol 934 gel base was found to be 740,00 cps whereas viscosity of ethosomal gel was given in the table. The spreadability of ethosomal gel was also recorded. The spreadability results showed that ethosomal gel was most effective, i.e., it showed best result for spreadability. The extrudability of ethosomal gel was found to be positive except in F2 and F3. The percentage yield of ethosomal gel was found in between 94.71% and 98.43%. Ethosomal gel was found to be homogeneous and no grittiness was noted. Hence, it was concluded that the formulation F7 has better results as compared to other formulations.

Key words: Ethosomal Gel, Luliconazole, antifungal, topical formulation

INTRODUCTION low permeability.[1] Luliconazole is used for the treatment opical fungal infections of the skin are of local and systemic fungal infection. The low penetration one of the often faced dermatological rate, high solubility and low permeability of luliconazole is diseases in worldwide. The incidence challenging for its formulation and development. Further, T the physicochemical modification in the drug by means of superficial fungal infections of skin, hair, and nails has been increased. It has been of phospholipid membrane also promises to prolong the estimated that about 40 million people have drug action. A number of problems associated with drug suffered from fungal infections in developing molecule such as bioavailability, degradation, stability, and underdeveloped nations. Dermatophyte and side effects can be overcome by incorporating it into infections of the feet represent the most ethosomes. common fungal infections due to the use of occlusive footwear. The incidences of superficial and deep skin fungal infections are Address for correspondence: rising. Luliconazole is used for the treatment Avika Sharma, College of Pharmacy (Previously known of local and systemic fungal infection. as central India Institute of Pharmacy), Dr. A.P.J.Abdul However, one of the major problems for Kalam University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India efficient drug delivery is low penetration rate E-mail: [email protected] of luliconazole due to its high solubility and

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S73 Table 1: Compositions of different ethosomal formulation of Luliconazole Formulation Concentratiuon of Concentration of Concentratiuon of Concentration Concentration of code phospholipid ethanol propylene glycol of drug distilled water (w/v) (%) (v/v) (%) (v/v) (%) (w/v) (%) (v/v) (%) F1 2 20 20 0.5 Up to 100 F2 3 30 20 0.5 Up to 100 F3 4 40 20 0.5 Up to 100 F4 2 30 20 0.5 Up to 100 F5 3 40 20 0.5 Up to 100 F6 4 20 20 0.5 Up to 100 F7 2 40 20 0.5 Up to 100 F8 3 20 20 0.5 Up to 100 F9 4 30 20 0.5 Up to 100

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Ethosomal formulations were prepared using the cold method. The ethanolic vascular system was composed of phospholipid (2.0–4% W/V), ethanol (20–40% V/V), propylene glycol (20% V/V), drug (luliconazole, 0.5% W/V), and distilled water to 100% (V/V). Phospholipid was dissolved along with the drug in ethanol. This mixture was heated to 400°C ± 10°C and a fine stream of distilled Figure 1: Transmission electron microscopy of ethosomes (F7) water was added slowly, with constant mixing at 700 rpm with a mechanical stirrer in a closed container. Mixing was continued for an additional 5 min, while maintaining Evaluation of ethosomes the system at 400°C ± 10°C. The preparation was left to cool at room temperature for 30 min and then it was The formulated ethosomes were evaluated as per standard [4] sonicated at 40°C for five cycles of 3 min each with a procedure. minute rest between cycles using a probe sonicator. Nine formulations were prepared using different concentration of phospholipid and ethanol among them optimized RESULTS AND CONCLUSION formulation was selected for characterization and evaluation studies [Table 1].[2,3] The ethosomes of luliconazole [Figure 1, F7] were prepared by cold method and were evaluated. In vitro release of F7 formulation was higher than other formulation prepared. The Preparation of the carbopol gel ethosomal gel formulation of luliconazole was evaluated for Carbopol 934 forms very good consistency transparent organoleptic characteristics. The pH of gel base and freshly gel at low concentration. 1% Carbopol gel base was prepared ethosomal gel noted down the pH of gel base prepared by dispersing 1 g Carbopol 934 in 90 mL hot was found to be 7.2 and pH of ethosomes gel of different distilled water in which 10 mL glycerol was previously formulation was presented in table. The viscosity of Carbopol added. Accurately weighed quantity of methylparaben and 934 gel base was found to be 740,00 cps whereas viscosity propylparaben was also added into it. The mixture was of ethosomal gel was given in table. The spreadability of stirred until thickening occurred and then neutralized by ethosomal gel was also recorded. The spreadability results the dropwise addition of 50% (w/w) triethanolamine to showed that ethosomal gel was most effective, i.e. it achieve a transparent gel.[2,3] showed best result for spreadability. The extrudability of ethosomal gel was found to be positive except in F2 and Incorporation of ethosomes in the gel base F3. The percentage yield of ethosomal gel was found in between 94.71% and 98.43%. Ethosomal gel was found The ethosomal formulation was slowly added in Carbopol to be homogeneous, and no grittiness was noted. Hence, it 934 gel base with gentle stirring. Finally, the ethosomal gel was concluded that the formulation F7 has better results as was mixed using a mechanical stirrer for 5 min.[3] compared to other formulations.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S74 REFERENCES 3. Prasanthi D, Lakshmi PK. Development of ethosomes with taguchi robust design-based studies for transdermal 1. Touitou E, Godin B, Weiss C. Enhanced delivery of delivery of alfuzosin hydrochloride. Int Curr Pharm J drugs into and across the skin by ethosomal carriers. 2012;1:370-5. Drug Dev Res 2000;50:406-15. 4. Meena D, Senthil KM, Nanjaian M. Amphotericin-B 2. Ashok HA, Mahesh NM, Sushil S, Sachin K, Shweta P, loaded vesicular systems for the treatment of topical Arun SD. Adsorption and partition studies of fluconazole. fungal infection. Int J Recent Adv Pharm Res Asian J Res Chem 2009;2:213-9. 2011;4:37-46.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S75 Gatifloxacin-loaded Microemulsion-based Ocular Drug Delivery System for Treatment of Bacterial Conjunctivitis PCS-14

Divya Motwani, Sadaf Baig, Prakash K. Soni Department of Pharmacy, Industrial Pharmacy Research Lab, Shri G.S. Institute of Technology & Science, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

Gatifloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used for the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. Conventionally used Gatifloxacin eye drops are required to be instilled frequently due to poor transcorneal permeation, rapid elimination induced by tear turnover, blinking, and drainage of formulation. Thus, in present research a microemulsion-based ocular formulation was developed with increased residence time, improved corneal penetration and reduced dosing frequency resulting into effective therapeutic effect and patient compliance. The microemulsion was prepared using oleic acid as oil phase, tween 80 as surfactant and Cremophor RH 40 as cosurfactant. The pH was found to be 5.86, viscosity 25 mPas, globule size 106 nm, zeta potential −22 mV, drug content 95.43%, and in vitro release after 8 h was 99.39%. The transcorneal permeation in freshly excised goat cornea of marketed eye drop product after 12 h was 27.01% while of developed formulation was 43.16% which showed that developed formulation had enhanced transcorneal permeation than the marketed eye drop. Therefore, on the basis of results, gatifloxacin microemulsion-based formulation can overcome the drawbacks of conventional eye drop formulation.

Key words: Bacterial conjunctivitis, gatifloxacin, microemulsion

INTRODUCTION 80 were purchased from Loba chemie Pvt. Ltd. (Mumbai), Cremophor RH 40 was obtained as a gift sample from BASF acterial conjunctivitis is an infection of (India), Dialysis membrane was purchased from HiMedia eye’s mucus membrane. Conventionally, Laboratories (Mumbai), and Goat eye and blood were Beye drops, gels, ointments, suspensions, obtained from slaughterhouse. etc., are available for treatment of conjunctivitis but are associated with various disadvantages Development of gatifloxacin microemulsion such as rapid precorneal elimination, nasolacrimal formulation drainage, frequent instillation, conjunctival absorption, short residence time, and low ocular On the basis of solubility of drug and oil accommodation bioavailability. To overcome these disadvantages, capacity, oleic acid, Tween 80, and Cremophor RH 40 were microemulsion formulation is widely explored, as chosen as oil phase, surfactant, and cosurfactant, respectively, they increase potency, improves bioavailability, and 3:1 Smix showed maximum microemulsion region, absorption, contact time, drug loading, increases therefore, was selected for formulation of microemulsion. transcorneal drug permeation, and reduces Weighed quantity of gatifloxacin drug was added in measured systemic side effects. The instillation of o/w volume of oleic acid and Smix, a calculated amount of water microemulsion into eye is beneficial because was gradually added to the above mixture with continuous it increases membrane permeability due to the stirring to obtain clear microemulsion of gatifloxacin presence of surfactant and cosurfactants. [Figure 1].

MATERIALS AND METHODS Address for correspondence: Prakash K. Soni, Department of Pharmacy, Industrial Materials Pharmacy Research Lab, Shri G.S. Institute of Technology & Science, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. Gatifloxacin was obtained as a gift sample from E-mail: [email protected] M/s Allergan (India) Ltd., oleic acid and Tween

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S76 Development of gatifloxacin microemulsion-based taking 1 mL of study sample volume and phosphate buffer eye drop formulation saline (pH 7.4) as release media.

Gatifloxacin microemulsion-based eye drop was formulated Transcorneal drug permeation study using NaCl as tonicity adjusting agent, and benzalkonium chloride as preservative in prepared microemulsion Transcorneal drug permeation study of the developed [Table 1]. formulation and marketed formulation was carried across freshly excised goat cornea using modified Franz diffusion cell and Simulated Lacrymal Fluid media maintained at Evaluation of developed formulation 37°C.

Physicochemical properties The pH was determined using pH meter and viscosity was RESULTS AND DISCUSSION determined by Brookfield R/S plus rheometer. Globule size and zeta potential were analyzed by nano zeta particle size Physicochemical properties analyzer nanotrac. For evaluating drug content, 1 mL of microemulsion was diluted with demineralized water and Physicochemical properties were evaluated. The pH analyzed spectrophotometrically. was found to be 5.86, viscosity 25 mPas, globule size 106 nm, zeta potential −22 mV, and drug content was In vitro drug release 95.43%. In vitro drug release of microemulsion formulation was performed using dialysis membrane (MWCO 12000–14000) In vitro drug release In vitro drug release after 8 h of gatifloxacin microemulsion- Table 1: Composition of Gatifloxacin based eye drop formulation was found to be 99.39% which is microemulsion‑based eye drop formulation graphically shown in Figure 2. Ingredients Quantity (%) Gatifloxacin 0.3 Transcorneal drug permeation study Oleic acid 1.5 Transcorneal drug permeation of marketed formulation Smix (Tween80:CremophorRH 40) 12.5 NaCl 0.4 after 12 h was 27.01% while of the developed formulation was 43.16% which shows that developed formulation Benzalkonium chloride 0.001 had enhanced permeation than the marketed eye drop Water (q.s. to) 100 [Figure 2].

a b c

d e

Figure 1: Pseudoternary diagram of different surfactant: Cosurfactant ratio (a) Smix-1:1 (b) Smix-1:2 (c) Smix-1:3 (d) Smix-2:1

(e) Smix-3:1

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S77 a b Figure 2: (a) In vitro drug release profile of developed formulation (b) transcorneal drug permeation profile of developed formulation and marketed eye drop of gatifloxacin

CONCLUSION REFERENCES 1. Kesavan K, Kant S, Singh PN, Pandit JK. Mucoadhesive On the basis of results of study, it can be concluded chitosan-coated cationic microemulsion of that microemulsion-based eye drop formulation dexamethasone for ocular delivery: In vitro and in vivo of gatifloxacin could overcome the drawbacks of evaluation. Curr Eye Res 2013;38:342-52. conventional eye drop formulation and this could be 2. Kumar R, Sinha VR. Preparation and optimization recommended as a superior substitute of presently of voriconazole microemulsion for ocular delivery. available marketed formulation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014;117:82-8.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S78 Formulation and Evaluation of Sustained-release Metformin Hydrochloride Tablet Effect of Natural Polysaccharide on PCS-15 Drug Release Mechanism

Dharmendra Solanki, D. S. Bele, Sumeet Sahu, Mohit Motiwale Department of Pharmaceutics, Charak Institute of Pharmacy, Mandleshwar, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

The aim of this investigation was to develop and optimize metformin HCl matrix tablets for sustained-release application. The sustained-release matrix tablet of Metformin Hcl was prepared by wet granulation technique using bael and tamarind pulp polysaccharide. The polysaccharides obtained after extracted from natural source and evaluated for their color, viscosity, and pH. The prepared tablet was evaluated for their hardness, friability, drug content, in vitro dissolution, and swelling studies. Effect of different natural polymers on the drug release from the tablet was studied. The optimized formulation TF-1 shows up to 90% of drug release in 720 min whereas formulation TF-5 shows 70% of drug release in 720 min which shows formulation TF-1 and TF-5 shows the sustained release of drug up to extended time. The drug release from the tablet was sustained, and non-Fickian transport of drug from the tablet was confirmed. Using Higuchi’s model and the Korsmeyer equation, the drug release mechanism from the sustained-release tablets was found to be anomalous (non-Fickian) diffusion. Compatibility study confirmed that interactions do not exist between the drug and polymer.

Key words: Bael polysaccharide, matrix tablet, metformin, sustained release, tamarind pulp polysaccharide

INTRODUCTION the polysaccharides were prepared, and its pH was measured in digital pH meter. istorically oral drug administration has been the predominant route for drug Viscosity Hdelivery. Oral route has been one of the most popular routes of drug delivery due to its The viscosities of 1% w/v solution of the polysaccharides ease of administration, patience compliance, were measured in Ostwald viscometer. least sterility constraints, and flexible design of dosage forms. It is known to be the most popular route of drug administration due to the fact the Preparation of matrix tablets gastrointestinal physiology offers more flexibility in dosage form design than most other routes.[1-3] Tablets containing metformin HCl were prepared by wet granulation technique.

MATERIALS AND METHODS RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Extraction and evaluation of Pre and post compression characteristics evaluation’s data tabulated polysaccharides in Table1. IR spectrum for drug excipients compatibility has been shown in Figure 1. Invitro drug release profile of the prepared The natural polysaccharides from the respective tablet with TPP exhibited a sustained and controlled pattern over an natural source (tamarind and bael fruit) were extracted following the method described by Address for correspondence: Rao et al. color: After complete extraction and Solanki, Charak Institute of Pharmacy, Mandleshwar, drying the polysaccharides were evaluated for Madhya Pradesh, India. color by visualization. pH: A 1%w/v solution of E-mail: [email protected]

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S79 Table 1: Pre‑ and post‑compression characterization of metformin HCL matrix tablet Batch Bulk Tapped Carr’s Housner Angle of Weight Hardness Friability Drug No. density density index (%) ratio repose (°) variation kg/cm2 (%) (n=20) content (g/mL) (g/mL) (%) (n=20) (n=3) (%) (n=3) TF‑1 0.614 0.789 22.21 1.28 26 0.13 4.02 0.47 99.16 TF‑2 0.668 0.726 15.42 1.08 22 0.20 4.51 0.38 99.76 TF‑3 0.699 0.776 9.92 1.11 21 0.26 5.01 0.21 99.10 TF‑4 0.621 0.712 12.78 1.14 24 0.63 5.58 0.19 99.17 TF‑5 0.656 0.722 9.14 1.10 23 0.43 6.06 0.11 98.86 BF‑1 0.623 0.798 21.92 1.28 27 0.10 4.01 0.58 99.19 BF‑2 0.677 0.735 7.89 1.08 23 0.15 4.50 0.50 99.79 BF‑3 0.708 0.785 9.80 1.10 22 0.23 5.02 0.32 97.11 BF‑4 0.630 0.721 12.62 1.14 26 0.61 5.57 0.30 97.18 BF‑5 0.665 0.731 9.02 1.09 24 0.35 6.11 0.12 98.68 # where n is number of tablets extended time period whereas formulation containing BP releases 98.5% of drug in just 6 hours. Kinetic modeling of drug release shows that the drug release from the matrix tablet is best explained by korsemeyer peppas diffusion mechanism.

DRUG POLYMER COMPATABILITY Figure 1: Fourier-transform infrared spectra of physical mixtures of drug and different polysaccharide STUDY Kinetic modeling for drug release Batch Zero‑order First‑order Higuchi Peppas No. r2 r2 Matrix r2 plot n value TF‑1 0.9823 0.9461 0.8785 0.922 TF‑2 0.9934 0.9466 0.8649 0.996 TF‑3 0.9850 0.9540 0.8644 0.974 TF‑4 0.9941 0.9637 0.8625 1.004 TF‑5 0.9923 0.9627 0.8503 1.040 BF‑1 0.5467 0.9736 0.9404 0.396 BF‑2 0.6156 0.9651 0.9668 0.415 BF‑3 0.5735 0.9660 0.9486 0.403 Figure 2: In vitro drug release kinetics data BF‑4 0.6894 0.9884 0.9709 0.466 BF‑5 0.6277 0.9424 0.9682 0.414 above parameters, it is concluded TPP, are suitable polymer for the modify the release property of metformin HCL by preparing In vitro drug release study sustained-release matrix tablet.

CONCLUSION REFERENCES 1. Chen X, Wen H, Park K. Challenges and New The present investigation was carried out to develop sustained Technologies of Oral Controlled Release. Oral Controlled delivery of metformin HCL for an effective and safe therapy using Release Formulation Design and Drug Delivery: Theory three natural polymers, i.e., Tamarind pulp polysaccharide and to Practice New Jersey: Wiley and Sons; 2010. p. 257-77. bael polysaccharides. From this present study, it can be concluded 2. Gupta PK, Robinson J. Oral Controlled Release Delivery. that the drug content was uniform in all the formulations of tablets In: Kyodenius A, editor. Treatise on Controlled Drug prepared. The low values of standard deviation indicate uniform Delivery. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1992. distribution of drug within the matrices. Infrared spectroscopic 3. Maderuelo C, Zarzuelo A. Critical factors in the release indicated that the drug is compatible with the polymers. From all of drugs from sustained release hydrophillic matrices. J Control Release 2011;154:2-19. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S80 Development and Evaluation of Floating Tablets of Ranitidine in Treatment of Peptic Ulcer PCS-16

Arpit Singh Chouhan, Ankita Mandal, Arti Majumdar, Neelesh Malviya Department of Pharmaceutics, Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

The present study was conducted with an objective of development of gastroretentive floating drug delivery system in which ranitidine hydrochloride used as a model drug. Development of ranitidine floating tablet was to increase its bioavailability by increasing residence time release in the upper part of gastrointestinal tract for longer therapeutic effect. The tablets of ranitidine hydrochloride were prepared by direct compression method, using polymers such as Carbopol 934, xanthan gum, and guar gum. The floating tablets were characterized for lag time, floating time, weight variation, drug content, and dissolution profile. The effect of polymer concentration on floating time and drug release was observed from all formulation from F0 to F6. On investigating by parameter result has found that F3 and F6 formulation have shown longer buoyant property and prolonged drug release that could be advantage in enhancement of pharmacokinetic profile of drug and increased bioavailability; hence, drug release of formulation could be sustained for longer time by increasing the concentration of polymer.

Key words: Drug release, floating time, guar gum, ranitidine hydrochloride, xanthan gum

INTRODUCTION Method of preparation

he oral drug delivery consists of By direct compression method convenient oral dosage forms which are The composition ranitidine hydrochloride floating tablet is Tdeveloped in market for its significant shown in Table 1. and fundamental therapeutic advantages which are maintained by dosage form such as help in ease of administration, patient compliance, and patient reliable, and helpful in patient acceptance RESULTS AND DISCUSSION of formulation.[1] The aim of gastroretentive The floating tablet of Ranitidine HCl was prepared and technology is to be an alternative to overcome evaluated. The precompression parameters of formulations the drug degradation and less retention time. The given in Table.2 and the evaluation of physicochemical fundamental advantage of long gastric retention properties of formulations F0F6 formulations given in of floating tablet is to improve bioavailability, Table 3. In-vitro drug release study were given in Table 4. reduces drug waste or dose dumping. Floating drug delivery system provides benefit in local drug delivery to upper stomach region in the treatment of peptic ulcer.[17] CONCLUSION

Ranitidine hydrochloride degrades at intestine due to MATERIALS AND METHODS instability at higher alkaline pH; thus, bioavailability can be increased by increasing its retention time and by Ranitidine hydrochloride was received as a gift sample from Modern labs Pvt. Ltd Indore, Address for correspondence: India. Carbopol, xanthan gum, guar gum, and all Arpit Singh Chouhan, Smriti College of Pharmaceutical excipients were procured from Smriti College of Education Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India Pharmaceutical Education, Indore, and ingredients E-mail: [email protected] used in formulation were of laboratory grade.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S81 Table 1: Composition of Ranitidine HCl floating tablet Ingredient F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 Ranitidine HCL 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 Guar gum ‑ 30 40 50 ‑ ‑ ‑ Xanthan gum ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ 30 40 50 Carbopol 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 Sodium carbonate 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 Magnesium stearate 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Citric acid 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 Talc 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Lactose 230 200 190 180 200 190 180

Table 2: Pre‑compression parameters of formulations Formulation Bulk density g/mL Tapped density g/mL Angle of repose angle Carr’s index Hauser’s ratio F0 0.41 0.416 38 (fair) 19.21 (fair) 1.20 (good) F1 0.38 0.496 26 (excellent ) 14.54 (good) 1.16 (good) F2 0.42 0.521 28 (excellent) 15.01 (good) 1.09 (excellent) F3 0.43 0.536 31 (good) 18.04 (fair) 1.14 (good) F4 0.40 0.498 27 (excellent) 13.44 (good) 1.19 (fair) F5 0.42 0.566 30 (good) 15.85 (good) 1.16 (good) F6 0.48 0.598 34 (good) 18.98 (fair) 1.18 (fair)

Table 3: Evaluation of physicochemical properties of formulations F0‑F6 formulations Formulation Hardness Thickness Friability Wt Lag Drug Floating (kg/cm2 ) (mm) % variation time (s) content time (h) F0 3.9 3.2 0.69 510 52 97.23 10‑11 F1 4.1 3.2 0.89 524 53 98.10 15‑16 F2 4.0 3.5 0.75 494 69 94.35 18‑19 F3 4.3 3.6 0.84 506 71 96.52 19‑20 F4 3.9 3.4 0.78 516 56 99.11 16‑17 F5 4.2 3.7 0.79 502 59 102.4 19‑20 F6 5.1 3.9 0.51 518 82 98.54 18‑19

Table 4: In vitro drug release study Time (h) F0%CDR F1%CDR F2%CDR F3%CDR F4%CDR F5% CDR F6%CDR 1 17.89 8.30 6.0 5.5 6.89 5.4 3.22 2 39.32 14.01 10.20 8.7 10.6 8.90 5.27 3 50.32 26.01 16.94 13.2 15.1 13.01 9.96 4 59.27 30.01 20.99 22.1 19.7 16.08 14.96 5 66.27 36.01 28.23 26.5 27.77 21.54 20.94 6 77.22 43.33 35.00 34.2 32.47 29.75 27.31 7 84.60 48.99 43.24 41.67 38.47 36.82 33.62 8 98.60 51.99 50.51 45.65 48.51 40.78 38.11 9 ‑ 58.05 57.99 50.55 56.51 48.27 43.65 10 ‑ 67.11 62.30 56.89 64.83 52.86 49.35 11 ‑ 71.23 70.62 63.25 69.27 62.53 55.45 12 ‑ 76.86 75.06 68.91 75.5 66.65 62.87

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S82 prolonged drug release. From the above research work, REFERENCES different formulations of ranitidine hydrochloride were prepared using different concentration of xanthan gum and 1. Rocca JG, Omidian H, Shah K. Progress in gastroretentive guar gum. On investigating by parameter said above result drug delivery systems. Business briefing. Pharma Tech has found that F3 and F6 formulation have shown longer 2003;5:152-6. buoyant property and prolonged drug release that could be 2. Gowri Jaya College of Pharmacy. Ranitidine advantage in enhancement of pharmacokinetic profile of Hydrochloride Floating Tablets of Intragastric drug and increased bioavailability; hence, drug release of Drug Delivery Formulation and Characterization. formulation could be sustained for longer time by increasing Thiruninravur: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the concentration of polymer. Animalia University, Chidambaram; 2015.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S83 Formulation and In vitro Evaluation of Metformin Hydrochloride Orally Disintegrating Tablets Containing Ocimum PCS-18 americanum Linn. Natural Antidiabetic Agents

Manohar Chouhan, Deepak Gupta, Chintaman Kumawat, Raghvendra Dubey Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam University (S.O.P), Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

Metformin is oral hypoglycemic drug. Its activity is blood glucose lowering in Type II DM. Its oral dose helps to reduction of hepatic glucose output, largely by inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis. Natural agents used tulsi reported to have antidiabetic activity and hence possess blood glucose lowering. These are easy to available in India and provide cost benefits due to easy availability and easy to process. All these natural agents have potential to eliminate the adverse effects (allergy and systematic toxicity) associated with drugs. Its therapeutic effect on acceleration of antidiabetic activity produces synergistic effect on efficiency of oral hypoglycemic drugs. The objective of the present investigation was to formulate metformin oral disintegrating tablet containing different ratio of tulsi natural antidiabetic agent. Tulsi mucilage used in the formulation to improves the intestinal absorption of drug and improves their bioavailability. The work aims to evaluate whether combination of tulsi with oral hypoglycemic produces any synergistic effect on antidiabetic efficiency, study antidiabetic potential of tulsi, formulate novel cost-benefit material, and then, evaluate its therapeutic effect on antidiabetic and determine the stability of all the formulation.

Key words: Direct compression, disintegrating agent, metformin hydrochloride, mouth feel, tulsi natural antidiabetic

INTRODUCTION boiled for 30 min and then it was passed from the eight folds of muslin cloth. The mucilage was precipitated by adding o overcome this problem, in recent acetone and separated mucilage was filtered with the help of years increasing attention have been filter paper. Then, it was dried at 45°C for 6 h. After drying, focused in formulating mouth dissolving it was crushed into mortar and pestle to for fine powder. The T powder was passed from 80# sieve. The separated mucilage and disintegrating tablets that are intended to dissolve or disintegrate rapidly in the mouth. was evaluated for solubility and swelling property.

Solubility studies MATERIALS AND METHODS Solubility of mucilage was checked in hot water and solvents Metformin hydrochloride and other excipients such as acetone, alcohol, ether, and chloroform (I.P.1996). use although the most of the analytical and identification parameters were already Formulation orally disintegrating tablets [Table 1] performed by Ziess Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd., Baddi (H.P).

Methods for extraction of mucilage Address for correspondence: Manohar Chouhan, Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Seeds of Ocimum americanum Linn. (200 g) University (S.O.P), Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. were soaked for 20 h in distilled water. It was E-mail: [email protected]

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S84 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Evaluation of post-compression parameters of all batches [Table 3] Evaluation of pre-compression parameters of all batches [Table 2] In vitro percentage release of metformin hydrochloride oral disintegrate tablets

Table 1: Formulation orally disintegrating Ingredients Formulation code (in mg) CONCLUSION F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 Following the parameters of tablets were within acceptable Metformin hydrochloride 500 500 500 500 500 official IP limits. The present study revealed that O. americium Linn. 5 10 15 20 25 O. americanum Linn. seeds mucilage and other ingredients

NaHCO3 25 25 25 25 25 combination appears to be suitable for use as an immediate Sodium starch glycolate 35 35 35 35 35 release orally disintegrate tablets because of its good wetting, good flow, and suitability for effervescent formulations. Mannitol 31 26 21 16 11 From the dissolution study, it was concluded that dried Magnesium state 4 4 4 4 4 O. americanum Linn. seeds mucilage and other ingredients Total 600 600 600 600 600 as a good for orally disintegration tablet of drug from the O. americium: Occimum americium tablets.

Table 2: Evaluation of pre-compression parameters of all batches Formulation code Angle of repose (θ) Loose bulk density Tapped bulk density Carr’s index F1 32.69 0.614 0.700 12.29 F2 29.86 0.612 0.697 12.23 F3 29.74 0.612 0.700 12.65 F4 28.74 0.609 0.694 12.19 F5 27.87 0.612 0.694 11.83

Table 3: Evaluation of post-compression parameters of all batches Formulation Uniformity of Thickness Hardness Friability Drug Disintegration code weight (mg) (mm) (kg/cm2) (%) content (%) time (s) F1 599 3.92 4.74 0.96 96.9 75.6 F2 602 3.91 4.82 0.99 98.1 93.3 F3 600 3.90 5.08 0.97 98.01 86.3 F4 601 3.91 5.05 0.95 99.9 66.6 F5 601 4.09 5.06 0.98 99.09 71.0

Figure 2: Percentages drug release orally disintegrating tables

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S85 REFERENCES direct compression using superdisintegrants. Int J Pharm Sci Nanotechnol 2008;1:106-11. 1. Kuchekar BS, Pattan SR, Godge RK, Laware RB, 3. Barbara WG. Pharmacotherapy Handbook. 7th ed. Nirmal SA, Parjane SK, et al. Formulation and New York: Published by Mcgraw-hill Medical evaluation of norfloxacin dispersible tablets using Publishing Division; 2014. natural substances as disintegrants. J Chem Pharm Res 4. Martin A, Bustamante P, Chun AH. In: Physical 2009;1:336-41. Pharmacy. 4th ed. Maryland: Wilkins; 2001. p. 313-6. 2. Gosai AR, Patil SB, Sawant KK. Formulation and evaluation 5. Aulton ME. Pharmaceutics the Science of Dosage form of oro-dispersible tablets of ondansetron hydrochloride by Design. 1st ed. Hongkong: ELBS; 1990. p. 289-305.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S86 Dry Injection for Reconstitution of Ofloxacin Using Solid Solubilizers for Veterinary Use PCS-23

R. K. Maheshwari, A. Padiyar Department of Pharmacy, Shri G.S Institute of Technology and Science, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

The concept of mixed solvency is an emerging field which can serve as a milestone for solubility enhancement and therefore deserves an urgent attention of the scientific community to assess its efficiency and applicability. Mixed solvency concept suggested that each substance present on the earth whether solid, liquid or gas has solubilizing power. In mixed solvency concept each substance (gas, liquid, or solid) is termed as solubilizer. Solubility enhancement by a single solubilizer in high concentration may raise the toxicity concern. Mixed solvency concept gives solution to this problem. Several solubilizers in small concentrations in a blend may give desired solubility for a given drug and hence may be safe (non-toxic). In future, the industries shall use the solubilizing properties of different additives for such purpose. The described research is one typical example where safe concentrations of solid additives have been used to prepare a dry injection for reconstitution of aspirin (a poorly water-soluble drug). In this research work, solubility studies were performed in mixed solvent blend containing five solid solubilizers (in distilled water) for some poorly water-soluble drugs. Approximate, solubility of ofloxacin in distilled water at room temperature was found to be 0.283% w/v. An aqueous blend containing five solid additives, namely sodium benzoate (5% w/v), PVP K30 (5% w/v), PEG4000 (7.5% w/v), lignocaine hydrochloride (5% w/v), and niacinamide (2.5% w/v) were observed to have approximate solubility of ofloxacin, 2.418% w/v at room temperature. Therefore, a model dry injection for reconstitution of ofloxacin could be developed. 5 ml of this reconstituted solution contains 100 mg of ofloxacin.

Key words: Mixed Solvency, Ofloxacin, Dry Injection

INTRODUCTION two-third drugs. Thus, we can say that all liquids are good solvent for some solutes and bad solvents for other solutes. floxacin is a third generation Similarly, in mixed solvency concept[1-5] each and every quinolone antibacterial agent with substance (gas, liquid, or solid) is good solubilizer for some poor water solubility. There are various solutes and bad solubilizer for other solutes. Mixed solvency O concept gives solution to this problem. Several solubilizers conventionally used solubility enhancement techniques but present research emphasis in small concentrations in a blend may give desired solubility on mixed solvency concept proposed by for a given drug and hence may be safe (non-toxic). In Dr. R.K Maheshwari. Mixed solvency concept future, the industries shall use the solubilizing properties of suggested that each substance present on different additives for such purpose. The described research the earth whether solid, liquid, or gas has is one typical example where safe concentrations of solid solubilizing power. In future mixed solvency additives have been used to prepare a dry injection for concept can be prove as panacea for solubility reconstitution of ofloxacin (a poorly water-soluble drug). enhancements. As we know that all materials Approximate, solubility of ofloxacin in distilled water at room which exist in liquid state are known as solvents temperature was 0.283% w/v. An aqueous blend containing such as water, chloroform, methanol, propylene five solid additives, namely sodium benzoate (5% w/v), glycol, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, PVP K30 (5% w/v), PEG4000 (7.5% w/v), lignocaine ethanol, and benzene. No solvent is universal solvent. In other words, we can say that although these all liquids are known as solvent, they are Address for correspondence: not good solvents for all solutes. For example, A. Padiyar, Department of Pharmacy, Shri G.S Institute we know that water is good solvent for about of Technology and Science, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, one-third drugs and bad solvent for about India. E-mail: [email protected]

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S87 hydrochloride (5% w/v), and niacinamide (2.5% w/v) were frusemide, and indomethacin) were determined by shaking observed to have approximate solubility of ofloxacin, 2.418% the excess of drug with 10 ml of the blend for about 20 min w/v at room temperature. Therefore, a model dry injection for in a bottle and then filtration was done. Approximately, reconstitution of ofloxacin could be developed. 5 ml of this saturated solution of drugs was analyzed by ultraviolet (UV) reconstituted solution contains 100 mg of ofloxacin. spectrophotometry. Approximate solubilities of all seven drugs are reported in Table 2.[7]

MATERIALS Table 2 also gives solubilities of drugs in distilled water at room temperature (from literature). Approximate solubility Ofloxacin was procured as a gift sample from M/s Alkem of ofloxacin in distilled water at room temperature was Laboratories Ltd., Mumbai. Lignocaine hydrochloride and obtained by shaking excess of ofloxacin with about 20 ml niacinamide were procured from Modern Laboratories, distilled water in a bottle for about 20 min. It was then Indore. Tinidazole, norfloxacin, and piroxicam were procured filtered and filtrate was suitably diluted and analyzed as gift samples from M/s Alkem Laboratories Ltd., Mumbai. spectrophotometrically. Result is presented in Table 2. The Frusemide was procured from M/s IPCA Laboratories Ltd., solubilities of remaining five drugs in distilled water at room Ratlam and Indomethacin was procured from M/s Ranbaxy temperature were taken from research papers. Laboratories Ltd., Dewas. Out of six drugs studied, ofloxacin was selected for further study. A model dry injection of ofloxacin was developed. EXPERIMENTAL Although ofloxacin has about 2.418% w/v solubility in the blend (B), an injection was developed having 2% w/v strength of ofloxacin. Thus, 5 mL of such solution contains Solubility studies 100 mg of ofloxacin. Approximate solubility studies were carried out to determine approximate solubilities of seven drugs in an aqueous Formulation development of dry injection of blend containing safe solid additives of injection in safe ofloxacin concentrations (reported in literature). The solubilizing efficiencies of these additives were evaluated. The aqueous Approximate solubility of ofloxacin in distilled water is blend (B) contained 5% w/v sodium benzoate (a safe 0.283% w/v at room temperature. Approximate solubility of buffering agent), 5% w/v PVP K30 (a plasma expander), ofloxacin in an aqueous solution (a mixed solvency blend) 2.5% w/v niacinamide (a safe stabilizer), 7.5% w/v PEG 4000 containing 5% w/v sodium benzoate, 5% w/v lignocaine (a safe solubilizer), and 5% w/v lignocaine hydrochloride hydrochloride, 5% w/v PVP K30, 7.5% w/v PEG 4000, and (a safe local anesthetic). Approximate solubilities of drugs 2.5% w/v niacinamide is 2.418% w/v. Thus, a 2% w/v solution (ofloxacin, norfloxacin, naproxen, tinidazole, piroxicam, of ofloxacin can be made easily in the above-mentioned mixed solvency blend. Hence, 5 mL of such solution shall contain 100 mg of ofloxacin. It is evident from the literature Table 1: Composition of Blend B that 5% w/v sodium benzoate is safely employed buffering Solubilizers Percentage composition (%) agent in injections. PVP K30 is a plasma expander; therefore, Sodium benzoate 5 5% w/v PVP K30 is safe in injections. In this case, lignocaine PVP K30 5 hydrochloride is an additive (local anesthetic to reduce the Niacinamide 2.5 pain of injection). PEG 4000, an additive (solubilizer) is safe in 7.5% w/v concentration in injections. Niacinamide PEG 4000 7.5 (2.5% w/v) is a safely used stabilizer in injections. Thus, Lignocaine hydrochloride 5 all five solid additives are present in safe concentrations in

Table 2: Results of solubilities and solubility enhancement ratios Name of drug Solubility in distilled water at Approximate solubility in blend (B) Solubility room temperature (% w/v) at room temperature (%w/v) enhancement ratio Ofloxacin 0.283 2.418 8.54 fold Norfloxacin 0.088[6] 0.652 7.4 fold Tinidazole 0.538[8] 1.206 2.2 fold Piroxicam 0.040[9] 0.994 24.8 fold Frusemide 0.064[10] 2.013 31.4 fold Indomethacin 0.036[11] 3.009 83.6 fold

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S88 Table 3: Composition of model formulation REFERENCES Ingredients Quantity (mg) 1. Maheshwari RK. Mixed-solvency-a novel concept for Ofloxacin 100 solubilization of poorly water-soluble drugs. Delving J (sieved through fine sieve) Technol Eng Sci 2009;1:39-43. Lignocaine hydrochloride 250 2. Maheshwari RK. Potentiation of solvent character (sieved through fine sieve) by mixed solvency concept: A novel concept of PVP K30 250 solubilisation. J Pharm Res 2010;3:411-3. (sieved through fine sieve) 3. Maheshwari RK. Mixed–solvency approach–a boon for Niacinamide 125 solubilization of poorly water-soluble drugs. Asian J (sieved through fine sieve) Pharm 2010;4:60-3. PEG4000 (powder) 375 4. Maheshwari RK, Padiyar A, Putliwala M. Utilization Sodium benzoate 250 of mixed solvency technique in spectrophotometric (sieved through fine sieve) analysis of cefixime trihydrate tablets. Int J Pharm Res Anal 2015;5:1-3. 5. Mahehswari RK, Fouzdar A. Solid as solvent-novel mixed solvency blend. Due to the solubilizing effect of all five approach for spectrophotometric estimation of solid solids, the solubility of ofloxacin is enhanced tremendously, dosage form of nalidixic acid using solids (eutectic and an aqueous injection can be developed to contain 100 mg ofloxacin in 5 mL of the blend. A dry injection of ofloxacin liquid of phenol and niacinamide) as solubilising agents can nicely be developed to have very good chemical stability (mixed solvency concept). Eur J Biomed Pharm Sci in the form of dry injection for reconstitution.[12] 2014;1:424-30. 6. Maheshwari RK. Solid as solvent-novel Table 3 gives a formula for model dry injection of ofloxacin. spectrophotometric analysis of norfloxacin tablets using Ofloxacin, 100 mg (sieved through fine sieve), lignocaine phenol as solvent. Int J Curr Pharm Res 2014;6:76-8. hydrochloride, 250 mg (sieved through fine sieve), 7. Maheshwari RK, Soni LK, Solanki SS. Solid as solvent- niacinamide, 125 mg (sieved through fine sieve), PEG4000, novel spectrophotometric analysis of naproxen tablets 375 mg (fine powder), sodium benzoate, 250 mg (sieved using melted phenol as solvent (concept of mixed through fine sieve), and PVP K30, 250 mg (sieved through solvency). Int J Pharm Res Rev 2015;4:7-10. fine seive) are kept in a 5 mL vial. When 5 mL distilled water is 8. Maheshwari RK, Shah AP, Pandey L, Tiwari SP. Solid as added in the vial and vial is shaken vigorously, a clear solution solvent-novel spectrophotometric analytical technique is obtained. This experiment explains that a dry injection of for quantitative analysis of tinidazole tablets using solids poorly water-soluble drug, ofloxacin, can be developed using (eutectic liquid of phenol and metformin hydrochloride) solubilizing power of all five solid solubilizers. Chemical as solubilizing agents (mixed solvency concept). Pharm stability studies and toxicological studies shall have to be Innov J 2015;5:26-7. performed to develop a dry injection for reconstitution of 9. Singh A, Maheshwari RK. Solid as solvent-novel ofloxacin. All materials used in this formula should be free spectrophotometric analytical technique for quantitative from pyrogens and microbes. Containers should be sterile estimation of piroxicam in tablets using solids (eutectic and aseptic room shall be employed during its manufacture. liquid of phenol and metformin hydrochloride) as solubilizing agents (mixed solvency concept). World J Pharm Res 2016;5:1560-7. CONCLUSION 10. Maheshwari RK. Solid as solvent-novel spectrophotometric analysis of frusemide tablets using Mixed solvency concept can further be utilized for phenol as solvent. Bull Pharm Res 2014;4:104-7. development of dry injections as well as dry syrups of 11. Maheshwari RK, Dahima R. Solid as solvent- various poorly water-soluble drugs. In above research work, novel spectrophotometric analysis of indomethacin it is important to note that drug selected is a model drug and capsules using melted phenol as solvent. Pharm Chem solublizers are model solubilizers. Formulations of various 2015;7:112-5. insoluble drugs can be developed using mixed solvency 12. Padiyar A, Maheshwari RK, Jain S. Formulation technique. Similarly, several combinations of safely used and development of high concentration diclofenac additives may be used to make innumerable safe blends sodium injection using mixed solvency concept and its giving enhanced solubilities of poorly soluble drugs. evaluation. Int J Adv Pharm 2016;6:78-84.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S89 Development and Characterization of Liposomes for Improved Delivery of Etoposide to the Lungs PCS-24

Neelima Salvi, S. K. Jain Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

The present study aimed at site-specific delivery of anticancer agents along with decreased frequency of dosing and less side effects. Soya phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol-based liposomes were formulated and surface modified by coating them with mannose. The prepared formulations were characterized in vitro for vesicle size distribution and percent drug entrapment.

Key words: Liposome, mannose, surface modified

INTRODUCTION for about an hour to get multilamellar liposomes. Liposomal suspension was allowed to stand for further 3–4 h in the dark ung cancer is more prone to metastasis at at room temperature to allow complete swelling of the vesicles. its early stages. Treatment of lung cancer The suspension was then centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 4 h, and Lthrough nasal route is very specific way the pellet was resuspended in PBS (pH 7.4). of drug delivery. Surface modification is other way to targeted drug delivery. Formulation of mannosylated vesicles

The attachment of mannose to etoposide bearing multilamellar MATERIALS AND METHODS liposomes was performed using the method described by Jain et al., 2008. The method involves ring opening of mannose Etoposide was obtained as a gift sample from followed by reaction of its aldehyde group with free amino United Biotech (P) Ltd., New Delhi, India. Soya groups present over the surface of prepared liposomes. phosphatidylcholine (PC), cholesterol (Chol), Mannose was dissolved in 0.1 M sodium acetate buffer stearylamine (SA), mannose, sephadex G-50, (pH 4.0). This solution was then added to liposomes, agitated, Triton X-100, and phosphotungstic acid were and allowed to stand at ambient temperatures for 2 days. The purchased from Jay appliances. Chloroform and all resulting solution was concentrated under vacuum at 50°C. other chemicals used were of pure analytical grade Mannosylated liposomes were purified by dialyzing against and obtained from Qualigens, Mumbai, India. double-distilled water in a dialysis tube (12 kDa; HiMedia, India) for 24 h to remove unreacted mannose [Figure 1]. Preparation of surface functionalized liposomes containing etoposide CHARACTERIZATION OF COUPLED Multilamellar vesicles containing etoposide was LIPOSOMES prepared as PC and cholesterol were dissolved in the minimum amount of chloroform:methanol The presence of mannose residues on the surface of (2:1) mixture in round bottom flask and then liposomes was detected by agglutination of the vesicles with methanolic solution (80 µg/mL) of etoposide with concanavalin A. Coupling of mannose on surface was also minimum amount of dimethyl sulfoxide was added to it. The organic solvent mixture was removed using a rotary flash evaporator (Stereoglass Address for correspondence: Rotavap, Italy) under reduced pressure. The dried Neelima Salvi, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, film was hydrated with 10 mL of PBS (pH 7.4) Dr. Hari Singh Gour Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, Madhya followed by continuous vortexing of the flask Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S90 Figure 1: Mannosylation process of liposomes

liposomes show 3.9% and 41.9% drug release in 2 h and 24 h, respectively. The reduction in drug release for the coupled formulations as compared to the uncoupled is due to the enhancement of membrane integrity and the layer of the mannose on the liposomal surface [Figure 2].

Stability studies

The stability study on prepared formulation was performed by storing the formulation at low temperature that is 4°C and room temperature 37 ± 1°C for 30 days and formulations were assessed periodically for the change in vesicle size, number of vesicles and residual drug content. It indicates that formulations stored at 4°C were more stable as compared to those stored at 37 ± 1°C.

Figure 2: Transmission electron microscopy of mannose coupled liposomes CONCLUSION detected by the IR spectroscopy of the coupled and uncoupled Higher lung drug concentration was recorded in case of formulations. ligand-anchored liposomes as compared to plain drug solution and plain liposomes. These results suggest that the The morphological studies exhibited that the uncoupled and ligand-anchored liposomes are not only effective in rapid coupled liposomes are spherical in shape as it can be clearly attainment of high drug concentration in lungs and but also seen by transmission electron microscopy. maintain the same over prolonged period of time.

The in vitro drug release profile of entrapped etoposide from different coupled and uncoupled liposomal formulation was REFERENCE studied using dialysis tube. The percent drug release from coupled and uncoupled liposomal formulation was calculated 1. Jain SK, Gupta Y, Jain A, Saxena AR, Khare P, Jain A, at different intervals in PBS (pH 7.4). The percentage drug et al. Mannosylated gelatin nanoparticles bearing an release from cationic formulations was 4.9 at an interval of anti-HIV drug didanosine for site-specific delivery. 2 h and, 45.7% at an interval of 24 h. The mannose coupled Nanomedicine 2008;4:41-8.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S91 Design and In vitro Characterization of Cisplatin-loaded Resealed Erythrocytes

PCS-26 Praful Verma, Ankit Agrawal, Arti Majumdar, Neelesh Malviya 1Department of Pharmaceutics Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education Indore,Madhya Pradesh

Abstract

Cisplatin is used as short-term infusion in normal saline for treatment of solid malignancies. It is used to treat various types of cancers. The objective of this study was to prolong the release of cisplatin using carrier erythrocyte for getting a parenteral slow release depot formulation. The study retards the release of cisplatin by encapsulating in carrier erythrocyte. Hypotonic pre-swelling and isotonic resealing are the method used for the encapsulation of the drug cisplatin. The formulation was evaluated for various parameters such as morphological examination, entrapment efficiency, osmotic fragility, and in vitro release of the drug. The optimized formulation is a perfect carrier for the parenteral slow release depot of cisplatin.

Key words: Hypotonic pre-swelling, isotonic resealing, resealed erythrocytes, slow release depot formulation

INTRODUCTION Collection of erythrocytes

ancer is a group of diseases involving RBC was collected from the blood bank of Rajratan Hospital, abnormal cell growth with the potential Indore. The institution has an informed consent form from Cto invade or spread to other parts of donors that their blood can be used for biomedical research. the body. The shorter half-life of the drug in systemic circulation increases the frequency Method of hypotonic pre-swelling and isotonic resealing of its administration. Developing a parenteral controlled slow release formulation is, 4 mL erythrocyte suspension was centrifuged at 2000 rpm therefore, essential to reduce the frequency for 5 min at 4°C. From 4 mL suspension about 2 mL packed of administration of cisplatin. Incorporation cell obtained. To this packed cell 0.65% NaCl was added and of the drug in vesicular bodies is a usually mixed gently which was further centrifuged at 650 rpm for adopted strategy for parenteral slow release 5 min at 4°C. The supernatant obtained was discarded and formulation. swollen cells were collected. To this swollen cell, 100 uL of (mg/mL) drug solution was added. Drug solution was Erythrocytes can be used as carriers in two further added up to the point of cell lysis. The sample was ways: Targeting particular tissue/organ and observed under oil immersion microscope. Now 4 mL of for continuous or prolonged release of drugs. 1.1 g percentage of NaCl solution was added and cells were Carrier red blood cells (RBC) have proved to washed with PBS 7.4. be useful for a variety of in vitro tests. The most frequent in vitro application of RBC mediated Characterization of cisplatin-loaded resealed microinjection. Nowadays, there are numerous erythrocytes applications have been proposed for the use of resealed erythrocytes as carrier for drugs, Morphological examination enzyme replacement therapy, etc.[1,2] Drug-loaded erythrocytes were observed under oil immersion lens using optical microscope [Figure 1 and 2]. METHODS

Cisplatin is obtained as gift sample from Intas Address for correspondence: Praful Verma, Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Pharmaceuticals Ltd. Ahmedabad. Moreover, Education, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. all other chemicals used in this study are of E-mail: [email protected] analytical reagent grade.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S92 Figure 1: Unloaded erythrocytes Figure 3: In vitro drug release from resealed erythrocytes

analyzed spectrophotometrically for hemoglobin leakage. Osmotic fragility curve was then constructed by plotting concentration of sodium chloride and for loaded erythrocyte.

In vitro drug release

0.5 mL of loaded erythrocytes suspension in phosphate buffer pH 7.4 maintained at 4°C was taken in a hard glass tube. Measured amount of fluid from the beaker was removed periodically and replaced by same amount of fresh fluid. Analysis of drug is carried out by UV spectrophotometer.

Percent cell recovery

It can be determined by counting the number of intact cells Figure 2: Loaded erythrocytes per cubic mm of packed erythrocytes before and after loading of the drug. It was examined under microscope and number Encapsulation efficiency of intact cells with the help of Neubauer chamber.

To determine encapsulation efficiency, the RBC membrane was deproteinized using acetonitrile followed by RESULTS AND DISCUSSION centrifugation. 1 mL of the supernatant was pipetted out and drug content was determined using ultraviolet (UV)-visible A gentle loading method based on hypotonic hemolysis, spectrophotometer at 203 nm and encapsulation efficiency isotonic resealing and annealing were employed for the was determined. encapsulation of cisplatin in erythrocytes. Saline solution (0.65%) was used for swelling of the erythrocytes (no visible hemolysis was observed at this concentration). swollen Encapsulated drug Encapsulation efficiency = ×100 erythrocytes were brought to the point of lysis by addition of Total drug the drug solution. This point was observed microscopically. Encapsulation efficiency of cisplatin-loaded erythrocytes was found to be 14.8%. Optical microscopic examination Osmotic fragility test of loaded cells revealed no difference in the morphological characteristics when compared to normal cells. Osmotic Osmotic fragility test was carried out on loaded erythrocytes. fragility of loaded cells is higher than that of normal cells For this, a series of concentration of sodium chloride ranging when cells are kept at various concentrations from 0.1% to from 0.1% to 0.9% w/v was prepared. A drop of the loaded 0.9%. In vitro release profile of encapsulated cisplatin is erythrocytes was added separately to different concentrations shown in Figure 3. Drug was slowly released over a period of of sodium chloride taken in test tube. The supernatant was 24 h and was analyzed by UV spectrophotometer.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S93 CONCLUSION REFERENCES

The use of resealed erythrocytes looks promising for a safe and 1. Deloach JR. Carrier erythrocytes. Med Res Rev sure delivery of various drugs for passive and active targeting. 1986;6:487-504. The study retards the release of cisplatin by encapsulating 2. Rathod SS, Deshpande SG, Dhiraj SN, Mudra SR. in carrier erythrocyte. However, the concept needs further Design and evaluation of drug loaded erythrocytes. optimization to become a routine drug delivery system. IJPRIF 2010;2:1500-57.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S94 Novel Photosensitive Liposome for Treatment of Cancer

1 2

PCS-29 N. K. Sharma , Vimal Kumar 1Department of Pharmaceutics, IPS Academy College of Pharmacy, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, 2Department of Pharmaceutics, ITM School of Pharmacy, ITM Universe, Vadodara, Gujarat, India

Abstract

Liposomes are spherical nanosized vesicles composed of natural phospholipids and cholesterol. Liposomes have shown their potential as an excellent drug delivery system against cancer. The basic problem with anticancer drug-loaded conventional lioposmal formulation is that normal tissues are also get affected by drug. To reduce the side effects associated with anticancer drugs, calcein (CAL) encapsulated liposomes (REV) carrying photoactive destabilization agent ketoprofen in the lipid bilayer were formulated. Effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation activation of liposomal membrane incorporated ketoprofen on the destabilization of the liposome bilayer and the release of encapsulated CAL were investigated. Liposomes of phosphatidylcholine (PC):cholesterol (CHOL) in 7:3 molar ratio, and photoactive liposomes of phosphatidylcholine (PC):cholesterol (CHOL): ketoprofen, in 7:3:2 molar ratio were formulated. Size, CAL encapsulation efficiency (EE (%), and in vitro release were studied. Due to the incorporation of ketoprofen in the liposomal membrane, approximately 5% increase in the EE (37%) in comparison to standard liposomes (32%) was observed. Size of different liposomal formulations was found to be in nano range from 200 to 400 nm. Exposure to UV radiation resulted in the release of CAL and in 15 h 99% of entrapped CAL was released from photosensitive liposome and only 65% in case of standard liposome in the same time. We found that it could be considered as an excellent nano-sized system for delivery of anticancer agents.

Key words: Ketoprofen, liposome, photosensitive, triggered release

INTRODUCTION Spectrofluorimetric determination of CAL

Liposomes are spherical nanosized vesicles The amount of CAL was determined spectrofluorimetrically composed of natural phospholipids and (Shimadzu Spectrofluorimeter, Japan, Model RF-5000) by cholesterol. Liposomes have shown their measuring the fluorescence intensity (FI) at an excitation potential as an excellent drug delivery system wavelength (λex) of 494 nm and an emission wavelength against cancer. The basic problem with (λem) of 517 nm. Calibration curve for CAL (FI vs. anticancer drug-loaded conventional lioposmal concentration) was also constructed.[4] formulation is that normal tissues are also get affected by drug. Determination of CAL entrapment efficiency of liposomes

MATERIALS AND METHODS For the EE (%) determinations of CAL-loaded liposomes, liposome encapsulated and free CAL were separated. The amount Preparation of photosensitive liposomes of CAL in each eluate was determined spectrofluorimetrically using the FI value and the calibration curve.[5] Liposomes were formulated by REV method. Principal constituents of the vesicles phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and ketoprofen in different molar ratios were dissolved in minimum amount of chloroform and flask was rotated to prepare a thin uniform Address for correspondence: film along with removal of chloroform.[1] N. K. Sharma, IPS Academy College of Fluorescent model drug calcein (CAL) (3 mL, Pharmacy, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. 0.4 mM in 0.05 M, pH 7.4 PBS) was added into E-mail [email protected] round bottom flask as the aqueous phase.[2,3]

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S95 Figure 1: Effect of time duration on (%) release of calcein

Effect of UV radiation exposure duration on CAL agents like anticancer through incorporation of ketoprofen release from liposomes into the liposomal bilayer followed by destabilization by UV exposure. With this in vitro study, it is established to achieve Effect of UV radiation exposure duration on in vitro CAL triggered release of encapsulated drug through incorporation release from both the conventional and the photosensitive of ketoprofen. We believe that it could be considered as a liposomes was examined [Figure 1]. system for triggered delivery of bioactive agents in vitro and in vivo.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION REFERENCES Liposomes of phosphatidylcholine (PC):cholesterol (CHOL) in 7:3 molar ratio, and photoactive liposomes of 1. Thompson DH, Gerasimov OV, Wheeler JJ, Rui Y, phosphatidylcholine (PC):cholesterol (CHOL):ketoprofen, in Anderson VC. Triggerable plasmalogen liposomes: 7:3:2 molar ratio were formulated. Size, CAL encapsulation Improvement of system efficiency. Biochim Biophys efficiency (EE [%]), and in vitro release were studied. Due to Acta 1996;1279:25-34. the incorporation of ketoprofen in the liposomal membrane, 2. Bisby RH, Mead C, Morgan CG. Photosensitive approximately 5% increase in the EE (37%) in comparison liposomes as ‘cages’ for laser-triggered solute delivery: to standard liposomes (32%) was observed. Size of different The effect of bilayer cholesterol on kinetics of solute liposomal formulations was found to be in nano range from release. FEBS Lett 1999;463:165-8. 200 to 400 nm. Exposure to UV radiation resulted in the 3. Kono K, Yoshino K, Takagishi T. Effect of poly(ethylene release of CAL and in 15 h 99% of entrapped CAL was glycol) grafts on temperature-sensitivity of released from photosensitive liposome and only 65% in case thermosensitive polymer-modified liposomes. J Control of conventional liposome in the same time. Release 2002;80:321-32. 4. Gerasimov OV, Boomer JA, Qualls MM, Thompson DH. Cytosolic drug delivery using pH- and light-sensitive CONCLUSION liposomes. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 1999;38:317-38. 5. Gerasimov OV, Schwan A, Thompson DH. Acid- The destabilizing effect of UV exposure was more catalyzed plasmenylcholine hydrolysis and its effect pronounced in the photosensitive liposomes. With this study, on bilayer permeability: A quantitative study. Biochim it was thus possible to achieve local delivery of bioactive Biophys Acta 1997;1324:200-14.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S96 Molecular Docking Studies on Imidazo [4, 5-B] Pyridine Benzohydrazones for Anti-tyrosinase Activity

V. Rathod, T. Narsinghani

PCHEM-07 Department of Pharmaceuticsal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

Melanin formation is an oxidative process catalyzed by tyrosinase enzyme. Thus, the inhibitors of tyrosinase enzyme are also considered as antioxidants. Docking of Imidazo [4,5-b] pyridine benzohydrazone derivatives was performed on mushroom tyrosinase (PDB-2Y9X). Docking studies with the help of Molegro Virtual Docker revealed that various amino acid residues, namely Ser282, Gly281, Ala286, and His259 in the binding pocket of the active site of tyrosinase were found to interact with benzohydrazone derivatives. These amino acids are highly conserved and may play a major role in substrate binding.

Key words: Tyrosinase, Antioxidants, Docking

INTRODUCTION RCSB protein data bank. Water molecules and cofactors in the structure were removed from the protein and hydrogens xidative stress is shown to be were added. The cocrystallized ligand tropolone (chain A) responsible for various diseases interactions’ (Ser 282, Gly 281, Ala 286, Val 283, His 296, Met including atherosclerosis, Alzheimer 280, Gly 281, Phe 264, Asn260, His 263, and His 259) were O selected as active site interactions. After docking simulation disease, Parkinson’s disease, cancer, diabetes mellitus, inflammatory diseases, as well as of title compounds and kojic acid, the generated poses were psychological diseases or aging processes. To sorted on the basis of their MolDock scores [Table 1]. avoid these types of complications, antioxidants are widely used around the world, and there is an increase the demand for the development of new RESULTS AND DISCUSSION antioxidants from natural and synthetic sources. The present work aims to study the binding The docked conformation of the IP7 into the active site of of benzohydrazone derivatives on tyrosinase the enzyme revealed hydrogen bond interactions between enzyme with the help of molecular docking.[1] phenolic hydroxyl groups of IP7 with His85, His263, and Met280 of tyrosinase. The hydrogen of hydroxyl group at para position and oxygen of 3-OH and 5-OH group of benzohydrazone phenyl ring served as hydrogen bond MATERIALS AND METHODS acceptor and donor by forming hydrogen bond with His 263, His 85, and Met 280, respectively [Figure 1]. A series of 30 benzohydrazone derivatives[2] displaying promising antioxidant activity in FRAP assay was used for docking on crystal structure of CONCLUSION mushroom tyrosinase[3] (PDB ID: 2Y9X, tyrosinase from Agaricus bisporus). The docking analysis was Hydrogen bond interaction of the phenolic hydroxyl group carried out on Molegro Virtual Docker (Version 5.0). to the active site amino acids His85, His263, and Met280 suggested the requirement of electron-donating groups,

EXPERIMENTAL Address for correspondence: V. Rathod, School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya Docking was implemented to find the probable Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. binding interactions between the title compounds E-mail: [email protected] and the enzyme. The protein was retrieved from

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S97 Table 1: Dock score of benzohydrazone derivatives

Comp R MolDock Comp R MolDock ID Score ID Score (kcal/mol) (kcal/mol) IP1 2‑hydroxy‑5‑methoxyphenyl −128.476 IP16 4‑fluorophenyl −125.448 IP2 2‑pyridyl −102.406 IP17 2,5‑Dimethoxyphenyl −141.591 IP3 3‑pyridyl −103.045 IP18 Phenyl −105.76 IP4 4‑hydroxyphenyl −123.77 IP19 3‑Bromo‑4‑fluorophenyl −122.768 IP5 2‑thienyl −115.377 IP20 4‑Methoxyphenyl −125.254 IP6 2,3‑dihydroxyphenyl −116.769 IP21 2,4,6‑Trihydroxyphenyl −107.408 IP7 3,4,5‑trihydroxyphenyl −110.723 IP22 3‑Bromo‑4‑hydroxyphenyl −125.937 IP8 2‑hydroxyphenyl −119.55 IP23 4‑Chlorophenyl −121.553 IP9 2‑furyl −108.907 IP24 3‑Methoxyphenyl −109.022 IP10 3,4‑dihydroxyphenyl −105.046 IP25 3‑Hydroxyphenyl −121.906 IP11 2,4‑dihydroxyphenyl −104.376 IP26 4‑Pyridyl −103.107 IP12 methylbenzoate‑4‑yl −133.096 IP27 4‑Hydroxy‑3‑methoxyphenyl −141.62 IP13 3,4‑dimethoxyphenyl −132.715 IP28 3‑Hydroxy‑2‑iodo‑4‑methoxyphenyl −133.578 IP14 4‑nitrophenyl −113.918 IP29 2,5‑Dihydroxyphenyl −116.379 IP15 3‑hydroxy‑4‑methoxyphenyl −128.511 IP30 3,5‑Dihydroxyphenyl −114.887 Kojic acid −74.23

a

b Figure 1: (a and b) Docking pose of IP7 into the active site of mushroom tyrosinase

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S98 proving them to be crucial for binding as well as anti- 2. Taha M, Alkadi KA, Ismail NH, Imran S, Adam A, tyrosinase activity. Designing on the basis of molecular Kashif SM, et al. Antiglycation and antioxidant potential docking can result in more potent analogous of this series. of novel imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine benzohydrazo-nes. Arab J Chem 2015;l8:1-1. 3. Ismaya WT, Rozeboom HJ, Weijn A, Mes JJ, Fusetti F, REFERENCES Wichers HJ, et al. Crystal structure of agaricus bisporus mushroom tyrosinase: Identity of the tetramer 1. Yoshikawa T, Naito Y. What is oxidative stress? Jpn Med subunits and interaction with tropolone. Biochemistry Assoc 2002;45:1-2. 2011;50:5477-87.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S99 Establishing Anticancerous Property of Curcuma longa Through Structural-based Approach

Nidhi Gupta, Love Kumar Soni

PCHEM-09 School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

Herbal medicines are widely used as an effective therapy in the treatment of cancer since past two decades due to their enormous potential for combating the diseases. Protein tyrosine kinase (PTKs) is a key enzyme in cell signaling pathway and plays crucial role in the treatment of different types of cancer. PTKs are the enzymes, which catalyzes the transfer of the γ phosphate of ATP to tyrosine residues on protein substrates. To overcome the adverse effects of synthetic compounds, curcumin is taken as a herbal medicine for treating life-threatening disease cancer. To gain most potent and lead compound as a tyrosine kinase inhibitors, docking study has been performed on Pdb:1M17 using Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD) 6.0 software. Common amino acid bindings are observed in selected compound which exhibits similar interaction as mentioned in the pdb database. Docking study revealed that steric and H-bonding interactions play significant role against receptor tyrosine kinase enzyme for their anticancer activity. Docking score and similar amino acid binding interactions provide us an idea for designing of new lead and more potent analogs.

Key words: Anticancer activity, curcumin, docking, protein tyrosine kinase

INTRODUCTION disorders. Rather than antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activity, anticancerous property of curcumin also has been ancer is a second worldwide health reported. Anticancer activity of curcumin has been found issues or life-threatening disease due to the inhibition of tyrosine- kinase receptor and also after the cardiac problems. Despite suppression of NF-ĸβ through the inhibition of the Akt/ C IKKα pathway.[1] advancement in diagnosis and treatment, overall survival of patients due to cancer still remains poor. Synthetic anticancer agents or therapies are beyond the reach of common man MATERIALS AND METHODS because of cost factor, adverse effects, and serious toxicity to other organs. Hence, there The main aim of this work is to overcome the drawback of is an urgent need for developing more specific curcumin such as genotoxicity, poor water solubility, and rapid and cost-effective medicine. To gain this object intestinal, and hepatic metabolism by employing molecular peoples are moving toward the herbal therapy docking approach. Molecular docking is an attractive due to their less toxic and more economic scaffold which involves the interaction of drug molecule with nature. Herbal medicines play key role in this the receptor to give the stable product. The docking study context. Various herbal medicines are available has been performed using Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD) nowadays for the prevention and treatment of 6.0 software[2] by 64-bit operating system under window8 cancer. with an Intel® Celeron® Processor N2840. Reported crystal structure of tyrosine kinase enzyme inhibitor was extracted Curcumin, a yellow color pigment and active from protein data bank (pdb Id:1M17) (http://www.rcsb. constituent derived from the rhizomes of the org/pdb)[3] as shown in Figure 1. For docking study, both Curcuma longa plant belonging to family Zingiberaceae. It is commonly used as Indian spice and food coloring agent. C. longa has Address for correspondence: been widely used in traditional remedies Nidhi Gupta, School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya for various ailments including wound University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. healing, urinary tract infections, and liver E-mail [email protected]

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S100 protein and ligand molecules were optimized using standard mean deviation (RMSD) ≤2.0A0 from the cocrystallized procedure of the software, and lowest energy conformation ligand during experimentation, the used scoring function is was selected. successful. The RMSD value has been found 1.90A0 when compared with it cocrystallized ligand. Docking analysis reveals that docked compound exhibits approximately similar RESULTS AND DISCUSSION amino acid interaction as mentioned in the pdb database shown in Figure 2. The docking study has been performed to gain more fruitful structural insights toward tyrosine kinase enzyme inhibitory Docking score or the highest binding affinities, i.e., lowest activity. The tyrosine kinase inhibitors represent a new class free energy of docked compound and hydrogen bonding of therapies for cancer and other proliferative diseases. To interactions are represented in Tables 1 and 2. The surface of validate the accuracy of docking procedure root square EGFR tyrosine kinase receptor is mainly hydrophobic, and it shows mainly hydrophobic interaction and also exhibits hydrogen bond interaction with Met769 residue of receptor.

CONCLUSION

Antitumor activity of curcumin has been predicted on the basis of molecular docking simulation study. This study revealed that hydrophobic interaction plays crucial role for their inhibitory activity because there surface is also hydrophobic. It interacts with leu768, leu820, and gly772 residue through hydrophobic bond and Met769, Gln767, Glu738, and Lys721 through hydrogen bond with tyrosine kinase receptor. The curcumin makes 5 hydrogen bond with Figure 1: 2D view of receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors pdb receptor whereas bond-length as similar 2.63A0 which is code: 1M17 and their interactions are shown exhibited by cocrystallized ligand in docking study. These

a b Figure 2: (a and b) The docking interaction between curcumin and receptor is shown. Blue color indicates hydrogen bonding interactions, and red color shows steric interaction

Table 1: Docking score and number of hydrogen bonds with tyrosine kinase receptors of cocrystallized ligand and docked ligand Ligand Mol dock score Rerank score H‑bond Number of H‑bonds Cocrystallized ligand (AQ4) −127.74 −103.78 −2.50 1 Curcumin −120.65 −86.64 −9.17 5

Table 2: Hydrogen bond and steric interaction of cocrystallized ligand and docked ligand Ligand H‑Bond interaction Steric interaction Cocrystallized ligand (AQ4) Met769 Met769, Leu768, Leu694, Leu820, Gly772 Curcumin Met769, Gln767, Glu738, Lys721 Leu768, Leu820, Asp831, val702, Gly772

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S101 findings suggested that if we design the derivatives of REFERENCES curcumin by modifying its structure, it could have been a more potent and lead molecule for treatment of cancer. 1. Tuorkey MJ. Curcumin a potent cancer preventive agent: Mechanism of cancer cell killing. Interv Med Appl Sci 2014;4:139-46. ACKNOWLEDGMENT 2. Molegro Virtual Docker MVD 2007.2.0. Molegro Aps, Hoegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, Building 1090, DK-8000. Aarhus C Denmark: Molegro Virtual Docker MVD; Author (NG) is grateful to the Department of Science and 2007. Technology (DST) - Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired 3. Stamos J, Sliwkowski MX, Eigenbrot C: Structure of the Research (INSPIRE) for providing DST-INSPIRE fellowship epidermal growth factor receptor kinase domain alone and also thankful to the Head, Department of School of Pharmacy and in complex with a 4-anilinoquinazoline inhibitor,J. for providing necessary facilities to carry out the work. Biol.Chem.2002;277:46265-72.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S102 Pyrazolopyridine as a Potential Inhibitor of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor as Anti-lung Cancer Agent: Molecular Modeling Approach PCHEM-10 K. Kapoor1, N. Dhingra2 1School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya University, Takshashila Campus, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, 2Institute of Science, SAGE University, Kailod Kartal, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

Lung cancer is one of the most prevailing disorders in India. Annually about 1.2 million patients get affected form it, and there is rise in these numbers. Epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) are stimulated by epidermal growth factor which causes cell proliferation, cell differentiation, etc., which leads to cancer, including lung cancer. Molecular docking study and pharmacophore mapping were performed on 76 pyrazolopyridine derivatives. Compound PYRA-43 binds to the active site of EGFR tyrosine kinase with highest MolDock score of −168.179 and re rank score of −116.138. PYRA-43 binds to the active amino acid MET-793 and LYS-745 within the active site of protein. Pharmacophore mapping showed that the most active compound has 5 H-acceptors, 3 H-donors, 37 steric interactions, and 28 aromatic ring molecules were found. The given study could be helpful in designing the novel compounds for the treatment of lung cancer as EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor.

Key words: Lung Cancer, docking, EGFR

INTRODUCTION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

bjective of the given work is to identify Molecular docking more potent and highly effective Onovel compound for the treatment of Molecular docking results revealed that most active lung cancer, which could be further used as a compound PYRA-43 bind to the active site of the ligand. therapeutic agent in treating lung cancer. It binds to the active amino acid Met-793 and Lys-745 with similar distance as of ligand incorporated in the protein [Figure 1a]. The MolDock score was found to be −168.179 MATERIALS AND METHODS for the compound. Afterward, pharmacophore mapping was done on the most active compound, and it was found that it has 5 hydrogen acceptors, 3 hydrogen acceptors, and 37 Molecular Docking: Molecular docking was steric interactions [Figure 1b and Tables 1 and 2]. performed by Molegro Virtual Docker 6.0 on EGFR tyrosine kinase protein with PDB code 5 HIB[1-2] which was retrieved from protein CONCLUSION data bank. Active amino acids according to the literature which form hydrogen bonds are Lys- The given study is valuable, inexpensive and important for 745 and Met-793 and hydrophobic bonds are further in vitro and in vivo studies. Selected pyrazolopyridine Asp-885, Ala-743, Leu-844, and Val-726. analogs can be studied for their therapeutic potential in treating lung cancer. Further, Pharmacophore mapping was done on the most active compound for the detection Address for correspondence: of H-acceptors, H-donors, steric interactions, K. Kapoor, School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya University, Takshashila Campus, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. and aromatic ring structure present in the most E-mail: [email protected] active compound.[3]

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S103 a b Figure 1: (a) Hydrogen bond interaction of PYRA-43 with protein, (b) pharmacophore mapping of PYRA-43

Table 1: MolDock, re rank, and h‑bond interaction of top five compounds Docking score Compound name MolDock score Re rank score H‑bond interaction Pyra‑43 −168.179 −116.138 −3.437071 Pyra‑37 −160.774 −104.167 −2.22977 Pyra‑50 −145.522 −98.0197 −4.08546 Pyra‑47 −138.557 −89.9752 −2.15078 Pyra‑29 −137.85 −101.103 −1.81704

Table 2: Comparison of amino acids of REFERENCES cocrystallized ligand and most active compound 1. Yanpeng X, Jun Z, Paul K, Jung ME. Synthesis and Ligand/compound name H‑bond interactions structure−activity relationship (SAR) studies of novel [63M] 1101 A Met‑793, Lys‑745 pyrazolopyridine derivatives as inhibitors of enterovirus PYRA‑43 Met‑793, Lys‑745 replication. J Med Chem 2018;61:1688-703. 2. Foster SA, Whalen DM, Özen A, Wongchenko MJ, Yin J, Yen I, et al. Activation mechanism of oncogenic ACKNOWLEDGMENTS deletion mutations in BRAF, EGFR, and HER2. Cancer Cell 2016;29:477-93. We would like to thank Prof. Rajesh Sharma Head, School 3. Parikh PM, Ranade AA, Govind G, Ghadyalpatil N, of Pharmacy, DAVV, Indore, for providing the facility for the Singh R, Bharath R, et al. Lung cancer in India: Current work. We would also like to thank Mr. Naveen Dhingra for status and promising strategies. South Asian J Cancer guidance on this topic. 2016;5:93-5.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S104 Molecular Docking Study of Chalcones as Antibacterial Agents

Shikha Sharma, Kapish Kapoor School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Takshashila Campus, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

PCHEM-12 Abstract

Antibacterial is those agents that decimate bacteria or suppress the growth of bacteria or reduce the ability to reproduce. Chalcone is an aromatic ketone and an enone. In the given study, molecular docking study was performed on 31 chalcone derivatives as an antibacterial agent. In the molecular docking study pdb code: 5EZP was used and the molecular docking study result revealed that most active compound was found to be chal-20, which actively binds to the active side of protein with amino acid Lys 15 and the MolDock score was found to be −158.6. The molecular docking was done on Molegro Virtual Docker (version 6.0). By the above study performed, these compounds can be used further for in vitro and in vivo studies.

Key words: Antibacterial, Molecular docking, Chalcone

INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS

Antibacterial is those agents which diminish In this molecular docking study of chalcone derivatives, the growth and reproduction of bacteria. 31 chalcone derivatives were taken, and their energy Antibacterial and antibiotics both attack on minimization was done using chem3d ultra 8.0. Moreover, bacteria, but antibacterial agents are used to pdb 5EZP was used for the binding of the molecules, after disinfect surface and eradicate potentially that molecular docking is done by using the software Molegro harmful bacteria. Unlike antibiotics not used as Virtual Docker (version 6.0). medicines but found in products such as soaps and skincare products. Alcohols, chlorine, peroxides, and aldehydes are the common RESULTS antibacterial agents they rapidly destroy bacteria and leave no active residue behind so Out of 31 chalcone derivatives, compound Chal-20 showed quickly disappeared. Chalcone derivatives are best interaction with active site of protein with amino acid the residue producing that leave long-acting Lys 15. With the MolDock score −158.61 which revealed that residues on the surface to be disinfected and chal-20 has potential an antibacterial activity and it can be thus have prolonged action. used for further in vitro and in vivo study.

Mechanism of action of antibacterial agent Figure 1 shows interactions of the most active compound generally falls within one of four mechanisms: with the protein and protein. • Inhibition of enzyme • Interfere with cell wall synthesis • Interfere with DNA synthesis CONCLUSION • Interfere with protein synthesis. The given study is valuable, inexpensive and important Chalcones are open chain flavonoid in which two for further in vitro and in vivo studies. Selected chalcones aromatic rings are joined by a three carbon α- β carbonyl-carbonyl system that is 1,3-diphenyl- 2-propene-1-one derivatives. Antibacterial activity of chalcones mainly attributed due to Address for correspondence: the presence of phenolic hydroxyl group which Shikha Sharma, School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya has high affinity for proteins and thus may Vishwavidyalaya, Takshashila Campus, Indore, Madhya inhibit microbial enzymes.[1] Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S105 a b Figure 1: Shows interactions of the most active compound with the protein and ligands.

Table 1: Score comparison between top three compounds Compound name MolDock score Re rank score H‑bond score CHAL‑20 −158.61 −78.737 −4.34831 CHAL‑21 −134.932 −77.807 −3.8722 CHAL‑11 −128.153 −66.9226 −4.92044

Table 2: Interaction comparison of the most active REFERENCES compound with the ligand Ligand/compound name H‑bond interactions 1. Chopra I, Schofield C, Everett M, O’Neill A, Miller K, Wilcox M, et al. Treatment of health- IPJ_201 A Thr‑119, Lys‑15 care-associated infections caused by Gram-negative CHAL‑20 Lys‑15 bacteria: A consensus statement. Lancet Infect Dis 2008;8:133-9. analogs can be studied for their therapeutic potential in treating antibacterial diseases. 2. Avila HP, Smânia Ede F, Monache FD, Smânia A Jr. Structure-activity relationship of antibacterial chalcones. Bioorg Med Chem 2008;16:9790-4. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 3. Polsinelli I, Nencetti S, Shepard W, Ciccone L, Orlandini E, Stura EA, et al. A new crystal form of We would like to thank Prof. Rajesh Sharma Head, School of human transthyretin obtained with a curcumin derived Pharmacy, DAVV, Indore, for providing the facility for the work. ligand. J Struct Biol 2016;194:8-17.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S106 Molecular Docking Study of Spiropyrazoline Oxindoles as an Inhibitor of P53 Tumor Protein in the Treatment of Colon Cancer PCHEM-13 Shubham Patel, Himani Chouhan School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya Takshashila Campus, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

There are an estimated 14.1 million cancer cases reported around the world in which colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in men and second most common in women with nearly 1.4 million new cases per year. Cancer is promoted when the balance between cellular prolification, cell cycle, and programmed cell death is disturbed. p53 is the most mutated gene in several different human cancer types including colon cancer. 23 spiropyrazoline oxindole was taken for molecular docking study in which highest MolDock score was found to be −125.742 and re rank score was found to be −70.4163 and drug binds at Asn103 and protein PDB code is 2hq6. This compound can be further used for in vitro and in vivo study.

Key words: Spiropyrazoline oxindoles, Colon cancer, Molecular docking

INTRODUCTION docking was performed using molegro 6.0. Docking was performed using protein pdb code 2hq6. After docking n cancer cells the normal control systems top results are taken and further shortlisted for highest that prevent cell overgrowth and the invasion MolDock score. Iof other tissues are disabled. These altered cells divide and grow in the presence of signals that normally inhibit cell growth; therefore, RESULTS they no longer require special signals to induce cell growth and division. After docking compound number 13 gave highest MolDock score, i.e. −125.742. Re rank score obtained was found to be Colon cancer happens when tumors growth −70.4163, and hydrogen bonding was found to be −3.22746. develop in the large intestine. 5-fluorouracil The most active site of drug was bind to Asn103 [Table 1 and cyramza, cetuximab, etc., or the combination of Figure 1]. such type of drugs is used to treat these type of cancer.[1-3] Table 1: Score comparison of the top 3 compounds Name MolDock Re rank H‑Bond Objective score score OXY‑13 −125.742 −70.4163 −3.2246 The objective is to provide a more therapeutically OXY‑12 −123.483 −85.4549 0.0334028 active and potent drug for treatment of colon cancer. OXY‑1 −118.219 −72.3526 −2.89104

METHOD Address for correspondence: Shubham Patel, School of pharmacy, Devi Ahilya 23 spiropyrazoline oxindole was taken, Vishwavidyalaya Takshashila Campus, Indore, Madhya and energy minimization was done using Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected] chemdraw ultra 3D 8.0; thereafter, molecular

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S107 proving us the facility for the work and a special thanks to our fellow classmates for providing the support for this work.

REFERENCES

1. Boland CR, Jung B, Carethers JM. Cancer of the colon and gastrointestinal tract. Ref Module Biomed Sci 2014. 2. Nunes RC, Ribeiro CJ, Monteiro A, Rodrigues CM, Amaral JD, Santos MM. In vitro targeting of colon cancer cells using spiropyrazoline oxindoles. Eur J Med Chem 2017;139:168-79. Figure 1: H-bond interactions of the most active compound 3. Synnott NC, Bauer MR, Madden S, Murray A, Klinger R, ACKNOWLEDGMENT O’Donovan N, et al. Mutant p53 as a therapeutic target for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer: Preclinical We would like to thank Mr. Rajesh Sharma, head of the investigation with the anti-p53 drug, PK11007. Cancer Department School of Pharmacy, DAVV, Indore, for Lett 2018;414:99-106.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S108 Molecular Docking Study of 2,4,5 Trisubstituted Imidazole Analogues as Braf Kinase Inhibitors

Jasdev Tuteja, M. C. Sharma

PCHEM-14 School of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

In the present study, docking was performed on 2,4,5 trisubstituted imidazole with naphthyl and benzothiophene 4-substitutents as BRAF Kinase Inhibitors using software Molegro 6.0. The information obtained by the study can be used to make more potent and selective inhibitors of BRAF Kinase. The docking was performed using the PDB -4MBJ (i.e. B-RaF Kinase Complex with an imidazopyridine-based inhibitor) where the most active compound showed the hydrogen bond interaction with amino acid Gly-596 which was congruent with that of PDB.

Key words: BRAF Kinase, 4MBJ, Docking, Molegro

INTRODUCTION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

he serine threonine kinase BRAF The docking study performed gave MolDock score of is a member of the RAF kinase Compound 2 to be highest being −168.903. Other high Tfamily, which is part of the RAF/ docking values are tabulated below: MEK/ERK serine threonine kinase cascade. This kinase cascade also called the ERK/ Compound number MolDock score Re rank score MAP kinase pathway (or “classical” 2 −168.903 −62.6499 MAPK pathway), regulates cell growth, 5 −165.231 −48.3522 survival, and differentiation.[1] Triaryl 8 −164.637 −122.947 substituted imidazole-based compounds are the most potent mutant BRAF inhibitors within its series. Compounds containing 2,4,5-trisubstituted, five-membered, aromatic heterocycles have been reported previously as potent inhibitors of BRAF, targeting the active conformation of the kinase.[2]

EXPERIMENTAL METHODS

ChemDraw Ultra 8.0 was used for the sketching of the molecules with the help of drawing tools in the software. The sketched 2D structures are transformed into 3D structures using module of the program followed by energy minimization. Figure 1: Protein Structure The docking studies were performed using Molegro Virtual Docker 6.0. Docking was performed on.[3] mol format saved structures Address for correspondence: Jasdev Tuteja, School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya using the PDB 4MBJ which was procured Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. from RCSB website as per the docking wizard. E-mail: [email protected] Results were interpreted and tabulated.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S109 CONCLUSION

The compound number 2 showed that it was found to be highly potent to inhibit BRaF Kinase enzyme and it can be further used for in vitro and in vivo studies.

REFERENCES

1. Duvaz DN, Duvaz NI, Bart MJ, Menard D, Zambon A, Davies L, et al. Potent BRAF kinase inhibitors based on 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazole with naphthyl and benzothiophene 4-substituents. Bioorg Med Chem Figure 2: Interaction between the compound and PDB 2013;21:1284-1304. 2. Wellbrock C, Karasarides M, Marais R. The RAF proteins Furthermore, the interaction that matched with PDB take centre stage. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2004;5:875-85. 4MBJ downloaded from RCSB was Gly-596 as is sited 3. Molegro Virtual Docker, Version 6.0, Molegro ApS, in Figures 1 and 2. CLC Bio Software, Arhus, Denmark.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S110 Docking Studies of Pyrano[3,2-A] Phenazine Hybrid Molecules as Antitumor Agent

Shikha Nagle

PCHEM-15 School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Takshashila Campus, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

Cancer cells the normal control systems that prevent cell overgrowth and the invasion of other tissues are disabled. These altered cell division and growth in the presence of signals and produce tumor, a tumor is a lump or growth of tissue made up from abnormal cells. The molecular modeling analysis was performed on 30 poly-substituted pyrano[3,2-a]phenazine derivatives for antitumor activity, their biological activities were taken from the previous designed compounds favors active site binding in various amino acid residues Arg48, Ser40, Thr266, Ser41, Ala66, Val252, Glu40, Ser18, Ile477, Arg68, and Met67 in binding pocket of previously generated protocol of PDB code: 3X0V.

Key words: Anticancer, molecular docking, PDB-3X0V

INTRODUCTION was based on protein-ligand complementarity considering steric and electrosteric properties. olecular hybridization is not only a rational design strategy employed Mfor the synthesis of antitumor agents EXPERIMENTAL METHOD but also a well-established strategy to produce novel hybrid molecules with improved In the current study, molecular modeling analysis was affinity and efficacy compared to the parent performed on 30 poly-substituted pyrano[3,2-a]phenazine drugs. In cancer cells, the normal control derivatives with their biological activities were taken from systems that prevent cell overgrowth and the the previous designed compounds favors active site binding invasion of other tissues are disabled. These in various amino acid residues Arg48, Ser40, Thr266, Ser41, altered cells divide and grow in the presence Ala66, Val252, Glu40, Ser18, Ile477, Arg68, and Met67 in of signals that normally inhibit cell growth; binding pocket of previously generated protocol of PDB: therefore, they no longer require special 3X0V [Figure 1]. signals to induce cell growth and division. A tumor is a lump or growth of tissue made up from abnormal cells. Tumors are divided RESULTS AND DISCONNECTION into two types: Benign and malignant. The root cause of cancer is alteration in genes, All of the compounds as well as designed compounds i.e., mutation. show similar interaction with reported ligand interaction. Binding of compounds with similar amino acids as Objective

Molecular docking of pyrano[3,2-a]phenazine Address for correspondence: using PDB:3X0V studied to identify best Shikha Nagle, School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya interactions of ligand and protein to give Vishwavidyalaya, Takshashila Campus, Indore, Madhya more potent and more therapeutically active Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected] compound. Evaluation of the docking result

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S111 Table 1: Best score of compound Compound X R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 Total score Interaction 18 COOEt H H Cl H H −187.324 Arg68, Tyr69, Ala66, ile477, Tyr369, Arg48, Gly65, Lys319, Trp429, Phe439, Trp371

of PDB ligand (UN4) confirms active binding to the receptor. Docking scores give an idea about the energy [Table 1].

REFERENCES

1. Nepali K, Sharma S, Sharma M, Bedi PM, Dhar KL. Rational approaches, design strategies, structure activity relationship and mechanistic insights for anticancer hybrids. Eur J Med Chem 2014;77:422-87. 2. Lu Y, Yan Y, Wang L, Wang X, Gao J, Xi T, et al. Design, facile synthesis and biological evaluations of novel pyrano [3,2-a]phenazine hybrid molecules as antitumor Figure 1: H-bond Interactions of the most active compound agents. Eur J Med Chem 2017;127:928-43.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S112 Synthesis and Characterization of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives

Anuj Singhai1, M. K. Gupta1, S. P. Chaturvedi2, Hemraj Bele2, Harshal Anwane2 1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Oriental College of Pharmacy and Research, Oriental University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, 2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rajeev Gandhi College of

PCHEM-16 Pharmacy, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

1,3,4-oxadiazole heterocyclic ring containing two atom of nitrogen and one atom of oxygen having five member ring which is an important compound for developing more pharmacological active compounds. 1,3,4-Oxadiazole has different pharmacological action and presents in different drug molecules.

Key words: 1,3,4 oxadiazole, heterocycle, aspirin

INTRODUCTION studies. The IR and 1H-NMR spectral data are given in the experimental protocols. ,3,4-oxadiazole is widely used in pharmaceutical research to develop active 1drug substances. Among the heterocyclics, EXPERIMENTAL 1,3,4-oxadiazole is the most important class in synthetic medicinal chemistry having diversified The scheme of the synthesis outlined as under. biological application such as antimicrobial[1], anti-HIV[2], anthelmintic[3], anticancer[4], Synthesis of methyl ester of aspirin (I)[11] anticonvulsant[5], antiviral[6], hypoglycemic[7], anti-inflammatory[8], analgesic[9], and [10] M.P. 152-154°C, yield: 76.43%. IR Spectra showed bands at antitubercular . Now, we have synthesized 3082(C-H), 1730(C=O), 1238(C-O-C). 1H NMR chemical 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives derived from shift at (CDCl , δ ppm): 11.65 (s, 1H of COOH), 7.93-7.12(m, aspirin and characterized with spectral analysis. 3 4H, Ar), 2.45 (s, 3H of CH3).

[12] RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Synthesis of carbohydrazide (II)

Synthetic studies M.P. 164–166°C, yield: 75%. IR spectra showed bands at 3325(N-H), 3022(C-H), and 1637(C=O). 1H NMR chemical shift at (CDCl , δ ppm): 7.45 (s,1H of CONH), 7.45–7.02 (m, The scheme of the synthesis outlined as 3 4H, Ar), 4.15 (s,2H of NH ), 2.35 (s, 3H of CH ). Scheme 1. The methyl ester of aspirin (I) was 2 3 synthesized by esterification of Asprin. The reaction of ester I with hydrazine hydrate yielded Synthesis of 1,3,4-oxadiazole moiety (III)[12] the carbohydrazide (II). 1,3,4-Oxadiazole moiety (III) was prepared by cyclization of M.P. 182–184°C, yield: 72.68%. IR Spectra showed bands at hydrazide. The title compounds IVa-d were 3373 (N-H), 3086 (C-H), 1577 (C-N), and 1162 (C=S). 1H 1 prepared by the reaction of (III) with various NMR chemical shift at (CDCl3, δ ppm): 10.85 (s, H, N-H of

amines and formaldehyde with good yield. 1,3,4-oxadiazole), 8.15–7.82 (m, 4H, Ar), 2.73 (s, 3H of CH3).

Spectral studies Address for correspondence: Anuj Singhai, Oriental College of Pharmacy and Spectral studies: The structure of different Research, Oriental University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, synthesized compounds was confirmed India. E-mail: [email protected] by different chromatographic and spectral

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S113 Scheme-1: 3.1 Synthesis of methyl ester of aspirin11 (I) M.P. 152-154°C, yield 76.43%. IR Spectra showed bands at 3082(C-H), 1 1730(C=O), and 1238(C-O-C). H NMR chemical shift at (CDCl3, δ ppm): 11.65 (s,1H of COOH), 7.93-7.12 (m, 4H, Ar), 2.45 (s,

3H of CH3)

Synthesis of oxadiazole derivatives (IV)[13] and thin-layer chromatography were performed for check purity of the synthesized compounds. Spectral studies, Synthesis of oxadiazole derivatives (IVa) i.e., FTIR and 1HNMR were performed for structure confirmation. R = Morpholine: M.P.208–210°C, yield: 73.78%. IR spectra showed bands at 3325 (N-H), 3068 (C-H), 1576 (C=N), 1511 (C=C), 1312 (C=S), and 1249 (C-O-C). 1H NMR chemical REFERENCES shift at (CDCl3, δ ppm):8.10–7.82 (m, 4H, Ar), 2.85 (s, 3H of

CH3), 4.83 (s, 2H,N-CH2-N), 3.58–3.65 (t, 4H, morpholine), 2.69–2.76 (t, 4H, morpholine). 1. Chandrakantha B, Shetty P, Nambiyar V, Isloor N, Isloor AM. Synthesis, characterization and biological Synthesis of oxadiazole derivatives (IVb) activity of some new 1,3,4-oxadiazole bearing 2-flouro-4- methoxy phenyl moiety. Eur J Med Chem 2010;45:1206-10. R = N-methyl piperazine: M.P.188–190°C, yield: 74.78%. 2. El-Emam AA, Al-Deeb OA, Al-Omara M, Lehmann J. IR spectra showed bands at 3324 (N-H), 2938 (C-H), 1578 Synthesis, antimicrobial and anti-HIV-1 activity of (C=N), 1504 (C=C), and 1288 (C=S). 1H NMR chemical certain 5-(1-adamantyl)-2-substituted thio-1,3,4- shift at (CDCl3, δ ppm): 8.18–7.62 (m, 4H, Ar), 2.65 (s, 3H of oxadiazoles and 5-(1-adamantyl)-3-substituted

CH3), 4.63 (s, 2H, N-CH2-N), 2.43 (s, 3H, CH3), 2.32–2.77(t, aminomethyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoline-2-thiones. Bioorg Med 4H, piperazine), 2.59–2.32 (t, 4H, piperazine). Chem 2004;12:5107-13. 3. Patel K, Jayachandran E, Shah R, Javali V, Synthesis of oxadiazole derivatives (IVc) Sreenivasa GM. Synthesis, characterization and R = piperidine: M.P.158–160-210°C, yield: 72.68%. IR spectra anthelmintic activity (perituma posthuma) of new showed bands at 3377 (N-H), 2926 (C-H), 1575 (C=N), 1505 oxadiazole incorporated with imidazole and pyrazole. (C=C), 1352 (C=S), and 1245 (C-O-C). 1H NMR chemical Int J Pharm Bio Sci 2010;1:1-13. shift at (CDCl , δ ppm): 7.95–7.72 (m, 4H, Ar), 2.45 (s, 3H 4. Shivarama BH, Poojary KN, Bhat KS, Mithun A, 3 Poojary B. Synthesis and anticancer activity studies on of CH3), 4.85 (s, 2H,N-CH2-N), 2.82-2.72 (t, 4H, piperidine), 1.64 (m, 2H, piperidine), 1.51–1.24 (m, 4H, piperidine). some 2-chloro-1,4-bis-(5-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazol- 2-ylmethyleneoxy) phenylene derivatives. Ind J Chem Synthesis of oxadiazole derivatives (IVd) 2005;44B:1669-73. 5. Almasirad A, Tabatabai SA, Faizi M, Kebriaeezadeh A, R = 2-methyl piperidine: M.P.221–223°C, yield: 77.85%. Mehrabi N, Dalvandi A, et al. Synthesis and anticonvulsant IR Spectra showed bands at 3307 (N-H), 2942 (C-H), 1578 activity of new 2-substituted-5-[2-(2-fluorophenoxy) (C=N), 1507 (C=C), 1299 (C=S), and 1237 (C-O-C). 1H phenyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazoles and 1,2,4-triazoles. Bioorg

NMR chemical shift at (CDCl3, δ ppm):8.55–7.72 (m, 4H, Med Chem Lett 2004;14:6057-59.

Ar), 2.55 (s, 3H of CH3), 4.33 (s, 2H,N-CH2-N), 2.80–2.72 6. Hassan GS, El-Emam AA, Gad LM, Barghash AM. (m, 1H, piperidine), 1.74–1.55 (m, 6H, piperidine), 1.37– Synthesis, antimicrobial and antiviral testing of some new 1.35 (d, 3H, 2-methyl piperidine), 1.25 (m, 2H, piperidine). 1-adamantyl analogues. Saudi Pharm J 2010;18:123-8. 7. Girges MM. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of novel series of sulfonate ester containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION derivatives with anticipated hypoglycemic activity. Arzneimittelforschung 1994;44:490-5. The four derivatives of 1,3,4-oxadiazole were derived from 8. Husain A, Ajmal M. Synthesis of novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole aspirin by different chemical reaction. The melting point derivatives and their biological properties. Acta Pharm

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S114 2009;59:223-33. 11. Furniss B, Hannaford AH, Smith PW, Tachell AR, editors. 9. Ingale N, Maddi V, Palkar M, Ronad P, Mamledesai S, Vogel’s Text book of Practical Organic Chemistry. 5th ed. Vishwanathswamy AH, et al. Synthesis and evaluation London: Prentice Hall; 1998. p. 1077. of anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of 3-[(5 12. Amir M, Shikha K. Synthesis and anti-inflammatory, substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl-thio)acetyl]-2H- analgesic, ulcerogenic and lipid peroxidation activities chromen-2-ones. Med Chem Res 2012;21:16-26. of some new 2-[(2,6-dichloroanilino) phenyl] acetic acid 10. Siddiqui AA, Islam M, Kumar S. Synthesis and derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2004;39:535-45. antituberculostic activity of 5-{3’-oxo-6’(substituted 13. Manjunatha K, Poojary B, Lobo PL, Fernandes J, phenyl)-2’,3’,4’,5’-tetrahydropyridazin-2’-yl}methyl- Kumari NS. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole. Pharmacia Lett some 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2010;2:319-27. 2010;45:5225-33.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S115 New Spectrophotometric Analysis of Hydrochlorothiazide in Tablet Using N, N-Dimethyl Urea as Hydrotropic Agent

Devshree Gayakwad, R. K. Maheshwari

PCHEM-19 Department of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya College of Pharmacy, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

Hydrotropy is a technique in which there is addition of a huge amount of subsequent solute resulting in increase in the aqueous solubility of another solute. N,N-dimethyl urea as the hydrotropic solubilizing agent is new, simple and commonly used as tablet excipient.

Key words: Hydrotrophy,urea, hydrochlorothiazide

INTRODUCTION To prepare calibration curve, 100 mg of hydrochlorothiazide bulk drug was accurately weighed and transferred to a he solubility enhanced technique 100 mL volumetric flask. 40 mL of 7.5M N,N-dimethyl “Hydrotropy” is employed to raise urea solution was added and drug was dissolved in this Taqueous solubility of different weakly solution. After complete dissolution of drug, sufficient water-soluble compound due to the presence of distilled water was used to make up the volume. This stock a large amount of additives. Sodium benzoate, solution was further diluted with distilled water to get sodium salicylate, niacinamide, sodium different standard solutions containing 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and ascorbate, and urea have been employed to 24 mg/mL of drug. Absorbance values of these solutions enhance the aqueous solubility of poorly water- were noted at 272 nm against their respective reagent soluble drugs. blanks.[2]

The projected method utilizes solution of a non- Twenty Table 1 of hydrochlorothiazide were weighed and toxic, non-volatile material, N,N-dimethyl urea finely powdered. Tablet powder equivalent to about 100 mg which is a hydrotropic agent. The objective of hydrochlorothiazide was taken in a 100 mL volumetric of the present investigation is to explore the flask. 40 ml of 7.5M N,N-dimethyl urea solution was added application of hydrotropy in spectrophotometric and the flask was shaken for about 10 min to solubilize analysis of poorly water-soluble drugs to hydrochlorothiazide from tablet powder and volume was replace organic solvents which may be costlier, made up to the mark with distilled water and the absorbance toxic, and pollutant.[1] was observed under ultraviolet spectrophotometer at 272 nm against reagent blank.[3] MATERIALS AND METHODS

Hydrochlorothiazide drug sample was supplied RESULTS AND DISCUSSION by Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited, Dewas as gift sample, and the tablets of hydrochlorothiazide Recovery studies taking 15 mg and 30 mg of pure drug were procured from local market. All the as spiked drug, together with pre-analyzed tablet powder chemicals used were of analytical grade. (equivalent to 50 mg drug), were performed using the same proposed method of analysis in triplicate. Solubility of hydrochlorothiazide was determined in distilled water and 7.5M N,N- Address for correspondence: dimethyl urea solution at 28°C ± 1°C. There was Devshree Gayakwad, Devi Ahilya College of Pharmacy, more than 17-fold improvement in the solubility Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. of drug in 7.5M N,N-dimethyl urea solution as E-mail: [email protected] compared to the solubility in distilled water.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S116 Table 1: Results of analysis of commercial tablets of hydrochlorothiazide with statistical evaluation (n=3). Tablet formulation Label Claim % label claim % coefficient of Standard (mg/tablet) (mean±S.D.) variation error I 12.5 98.77±1.927 1.951 1.113 II 25 100.29±1.707 1.702 0.986

Table 2: Result of recovery studies with statistical evaluation (n=3) Tablet Drug in pre‑analyzed Amount of drug %Recovery % coefficient Standard formulation tablet powder (mg) added (spiked) (mg) estimated* (mean±S.D.) of variation error I 50 15 99.52±0.855 0.859 0.494 I 50 30 99.39±1.427 1.436 0.824 II 50 15 101.14±0.972 0.961 0.561 II 50 30 100.31±1.227 1.223 0.708

The mean percent drug estimated was 98.77% and 100.29% friendly, safe, accurate, and reproducible. N,N-dimethyl for formulation-I and formulation-II, respectively. These urea and the commonly used tablet excipients did not values are close to 100, indicating the accuracy of the interfere in spectrophotometric estimation. By appropriate proposed analytical method. Percent coefficient of variation choice of hydrotropic agents, the use of organic solvents in and standard error in formulation I and II was found to be investigation may be discouraged to a large extent. 1.951, 1.113 and 1.702, 0.986, respectively. The low values of these statistical parameters validated the method.

The values of mean percent recoveries for formulation-I and REFERENCES formulation-II ranged from 99.39 to 101.14, which are again close to 100. This fact, together with satisfactorily low values 1. Maheshwari RK. Spectrophotometric determination of statistical parameters, further validated the method. of cefixime in tablets by hydrotropic solubilization phenomenon. Indian Pharm 2005;4:63. 2. Maheshwari RK. A novel application of hydrotropic CONCLUSION solublization in. the analysis of bulk samples of ketoprofen and salicylic acid. Pharm Rev 2005;3:123. The result revealed that the planned method of analysis, 3. Maheshwari RK. Novel application of hydrotropic using N,N-dimethyl urea as the hydrotropic solubilizing solubilization in the spectrophotometric analysis of agent is new, simple, cost-effective, environmentally piroxicam in solid dosage form. Indian Drugs 2006;43:683.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S117 Reversed-phase High-performance Liquid Chromatography Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Vildagliptin and Metformin in Combined Tablet Dosage Form PCHEM-22 Nizami Tahir1, Birendra Shrivastava2, Sharma Pankaj2, Ankit Mangal1, Dwivedi Sumeet4 1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry?, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, 2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

A simple reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the estimation of vildagliptin (VIL) and metformin (MET) was developed and validated using a mobile phase consisting of 2 mM phosphate buffer and methanol with pH 3.0 adjusted with orthophosphoric acid in the ratio of 65: 35% v/v at a flow rate of 1ml/min and the detection was done at 293 nm. The retention time for VIL and MET was 2.1 and 5.5 min, respectively. The calibration curves were found to be linear in the range of 5–50 μg/mL (VIL) and 12.5–125 μg/mL (MET) with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998 and 0.9997, respectively. This demonstrated that the developed HPLC method was simple, linear, precise, and accurate, and could be conveniently adopted for the routine quality control analysis of VIL and MET simultaneously, from its pharmaceutical formulations.

Key words: RP-HPLC, Vildagliptin, Metformin

INTRODUCTION acquired and processed using Empower 2 software running under Windows XP on a Pentium PC. Pharmaceutical etformin hydrochloride (MET), an oral grade Metformin HCl and Vildagliptin were kindly supplied antidiabetic drug which is the first line as a gift sample by Dr. Reddys Laboratory, Hyderabad. Mof choice for the treatment of type 2 diabetes act primarily through its suppressive Preparation and selection of mobile phase action on production of hepatic glucose it is known chemically as 3-(diaminomethylidene)- The preliminary isocratic studies on a reverse phase 1,1-dimethyl guanidine. Vildagliptin (VDG) C18 column with different mobile phase combination of is an oral antihyperglycemic of the dipeptidyl dipotassium hydrogen phosphate buffer and methanol were peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor class. It works studied for simultaneous estimation of both drugs. The to competitively inhibit the enzyme DPP-4. optimal composition of mobile phase determined to be buffer: It is chemically known as 1-[(3-hydroxy- methanol (65:35 v/v) and filtered through 0.45 μ membrane adamant-1-ylamino) acetyl]-pyrrolidine-2(S)- filter. carbonitrile.[1,2] Preparation of standard solution

MATERIALS AND METHODS 1000 mg metformin HCl and 100 mg vildagliptin were dissolved in 100 mL of diluent (distilled water) and were Apparatus

Waters 2998 Alliance high-performance liquid Address for correspondence: chromatographic (HPLC) system connected Nizami Tahir, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatapura, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. with PDA Detector 2998 and Empower2 E-mail: [email protected] Software. The drug analysis data were

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S118 further diluted to get stock solution of metformin HCl Accuracy (recovery studies) (1000 μg/mL) and vildagliptin (100 μg/mL). Appropriate aliquots were pipette out from the standard stock solution To check the degree of accuracy of the method, recovery into a series of 10 mL volumetric flasks to get a concentration studies were performed in triplicate by standard addition of 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 μg/mL of vildagliptin, 12.5, 25, method at 50%, 100%, and 150%. Known amounts of 50, 75, 100, and 125 μg/mL of metformin and 50 μg/mL of standard metformin HCl and vildagliptin were added to pre- gatifloxacin (internal standard). analyzed samples and were subjected to the proposed HPLC method. Table 2 Explains: Accuracy (recovery studies). Preparation of sample solution Precision Sample solution containing both the drugs was prepared by dissolving tablet powder into Diluent (Distilled water). Precision was evaluated by carrying out six independent 10 tablets were weighed separately. Powder of tablets sample preparation of a single lot of formulation. The sample equivalent to two tablets weight was weighed and taken in solution was prepared in the same manner as described in a 100 mL volumetric flask, dissolved in diluents and shaken sample preparation. Percentage relative standard deviation and sonicated for about 10 min, then filtered through 0.45 μ was found to be <2% for within a day and day to day membrane filter. The filtered solution was further diluted variations, which proves that method is precise. in the diluents to make the final concentration of working sample equivalent to 100% of target concentration. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Development and validation of HPLC method present Results of system suitability are summarized in Table 1. Six consecutive injections of the standard solution showed Study was conducted to obtain a new, affordable, cost- uniform retention time, theoretical plate count, tailing factor, effective, and convenient method for HPLC determination and resolution for both the drugs which indicate a good of metformin HCl and vildagliptin in tablet dosage form. system for analysis [Figure 1]. The experiment was carried out according to the official specifications of USP-30, ICH-1996, and Global Quality Guidelines-2002. CONCLUSION

The new HPLC method was developed and validated for System suitability simultaneous estimation of Metformin HCl and Vildagliptin pharmaceutical dosage forms and assured the satisfactory System suitability study of the method was carried out by precision and accuracy and also determining lower six replicate analysis of solution containing 100% target concentration of each drug in its solid combined dosage form concentration of metformin HCL and vildagliptin. Various by RP-HPLC method. The method was found to be simple, chromatographic parameters such as retention time, peak accurate, economical, and rapid and they can be applied for area, tailing factor, theoretical plates of the column, and routine analysis in laboratories and are suitable for the quality resolution between the peaks were determined, and the control of the raw materials, formulations, and dissolution method was evaluated by analyzing these parameters.

Table 1: Result of system suitability tests of Specificity metformin HCl and vildagliptin

To determine the specificity of the method, standard sample Parameters Metformin Hcl Vildagliptin of metformin HCl and vildagliptin was injected first. Then, Linearity range 12.5‑125 μg/mL 50‑150 μg/ml commercial product, blank and excipients solution were run Correlation coefficient 1 0.9999 in the instrument one after another. Slope 12511×‑14553 21406×‑3234 Retention time 2.193 5.576 Linearity USP plate count 3983 6362 Tailing factor 1.140 1.149 Linearity of the method was determined by constructing LOD 10 μg/mL 5 μg/mL calibration curves. Standard solutions of metformin HCl and vildagliptin of different concentrations level (80%, 90%, LOQ 25 μg/mL 10 μg/mL 100%, 110%, and 120%) were used for this purpose. LOD: Limit of detection, LOQ: Limit of quantification

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S119 Figure 1: Typical chromatogram of metformin HCl

Table 2: Accuracy (% recovery) results of metformin HCl and vildagliptin Sample No. Metformin HCl Concentration of std. Concentration of Amount found % Recovery % RSD (µg/mL) solution (µg/mL) (µg/mL) 1 10 10 19.90 99.50 0.324 2 10 20 30.14 100.46 0.687 3 10 30 40.87 102.17 0.652 Vildagliptin 1 25 25 49.69 100.53 0.517 2 25 50 74.82 99.38 0.674 3 25 75 99.83 99.83 0.285 studies and can be employed for bioequivalence studies for immediate release and metformin sustained release the same formulation. tablets. Chromatographia 2008;68:1063-6. 2. Chaturvedi PK, Sharma R. Development and validation of an RP-HPLC method for simultaneous REFERENCES analysis of a three-component tablet formulation containing metformin hydrochloride, pioglitazone 1. Pawar SP, Meshram GA, Phadke MU. Simultaneous hydrochloride, and glibenclamide. Acta Chromatogr estimation of glimepiride and metformin in glimepiride 2008;20:451-61.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S120 Antianemic Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Fruit of Solanum melongena in Phenylhydrazine-induced Anemic Rats

PCOL-01 Deepanshu Gupta, Chandrakanta Kushwah, Ankur Joshi, Sapna Malviya, Anil Kharia Department of Pharmacology, Modern Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shri Prabhat Chandra Kharia Research and Educational Society, Alwasa, Behind Rewti Range, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

This current research was done to bring out the antianemic activity in hydroalcoholic extract of fruit of Solanum melongena in phenylhydrazine-induced anemic rats. The anemia was induced by the administration of phenylhydrazine (60 mg/kg) intraperitoneally in rats for 2 days. The animal was divided into five groups containing 6 animals each. 1st group was served as normal control group, 2nd group was served as anemic control, rd th 3 group was served as standard reference control administered with Vitamin B12 complex, 4 group was served as test control-I administered with 100 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extract of fruit of S. melongena, and 5th group was served as test control-II administered with 200 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extract of fruit of S. melongena. All the test drugs were given for 28 days daily through oral route. On the 29th day, blood was withdrawn, through tail puncture and subjected to the estimation of RBC, Hb and percentage hematocrit. Both the hydroalcoholic fruit

extract of S. melongena and Vitamin B12 significantly increase the hemoglobin, red blood cells, and percentage hematocrit level which concludes that S. melongena fruit exhibits’ the antianemic activity.

Key words: Solanum melongena, Vitamin B12, Anemia

INTRODUCTION was to evaluate the antianemic activity of fruit of Solanum melongena against phenylhydrazine-induced anemic rats. nemia is a condition that develops when blood lacks enough healthy red Ablood cells or hemoglobin. According MATERIAL AND METHODS to the WHO, anemia affects the lives of more than 2 billion people globally, accounting for Plant profile over 30% of the world’s population which is the most common public health problem particularly in developing countries occurring Plant taken Egg plant at all stages of the lifecycle. Iron deficiency is Part used Fruits the most common nutritional disorder in which Kingdom Plantae there is a depleted and a restricted supply of iron Order Solanales to various tissues which become apparent. This may result in depletion of hemoglobin and iron- Genus Solanum dependent intracellular enzymes participating Species S. melongena in many metabolic pathways. Therefore, there is the need for proper management of micronutrient deficiencies most especially irons deficiency. Over the years, medicinal plants Address for correspondence: have been recognized to be of great importance Deepanshu Gupta, Modern Institute of Pharmaceutical to the health of individuals and communities. In Sciences, Shri Prabhat Chandra Kharia Research and many developing countries, herbal medicines Educational Society, Alwasa, Behind Rewati Range, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. are assuming greater importance in primary E-mail: [email protected] health care. In the present study, the goal

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S121 Family Solanaceae anesthesia. The estimation of various biochemical parameters such as hemoglobin, RBC, and percentage hematocrit was Origin South and East Asia evaluated. S. melongena: Solanum melongena

Preparation of extract Statistical analysis

The fruits [Figure 1 and 2] were collected, shade dried and then Data were expressed as mean ± SEM. The data were analyzed converted into coarse powder. The powder was then filled in using one-way analysis of variance followed by Dunnett’s a Soxhlet apparatus for extraction by 70:30 hydroalcoholic t-test. P < 0.05 was considered as significant. as a solvent. The hydroalcoholic extract was concentrated by vacuum distillation to dry. The collected extract was stored in suitable container and used for further pharmacological studies.

Animals

Wistar strain male albino rats, weighing 100–150 g were selected for the study. The animals were housed individually in polypropylene cages under hygienic and standard environmental conditions (22 ± 3°C, humidity 30–70%, and 12 h light/dark cycle). The animals were allowed to have standard feed and water ad libitum. They were acclimated to the environment for 1 week before experimental use.

Antianemic activity[1-3] Figure 1: Fruit of Solanum melongena Anemia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of phenylhydrazine at 60 mg/kg for 2 days, following the injections, rats were divided into five groups of six rats each. • Group I - Control rats received 0.1% carboxymethyl cellulose. • Group II - Phenyl hydrazine treated rats (60 mg/kg per day for 2 days). • Group III - Phenyl hydrazine treated rats with Vitamin

B12 per day for 28 days. • Group IV - Phenyl hydrazine treated rats with a single dose of fruit extract of S. melongena (100 mg/kg) per day for 28 days. • Group V - Phenyl hydrazine treated rats with a single dose of fruit extract of S. melongena (200 mg/kg) per day for 28 days.

On the 29th day, the blood was collected in EDTA coated tube under by tail puncture under phenobarbitone (45 mg/kg, ip) Figure 2: Plant of Solanum melongena

Table 1: Effect of fruits of S. melongena on hemoglobin, RBC, and percentage hematocrit Drug treatment RBC (106 µL−1) Hb (g/dL) HCT % Normal control (0.1% CMC) 8.81±0.65 13.72±0.65 48.78 Anemic control phenylhydrazine (60 mg/kg) 4.71±0.14 6.42±0.22 27.44

Reference control Vitamin B12 8.44±0.42*** 13.26±0.73*** 47.29** Test control ‑ I S. melongena (100 mg/kg) 8.41±0.51*** 13.27±0.70*** 46.67** Test control ‑ II S. melongena (200 mg/kg) 8.53±0.34*** 13.49±0.62*** 49.92** Data were expressed as mean±SEM (n=6). *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001 versus anemic control. S. melongena: Solanum melongena, RBCs: Red blood cells

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S122 RESULTS phenylhydrazine-induced anemia in rats. The antianemic effect produced by the S. melongena fruit may be due to its Anti-anemic activity of Solanum melongena fruit extract on high content of iron which is present in the plant. Phenylhydrazine induced hemolytic anemia in rats was studied and the results were shown on Table 1. The anti-anemic activity of Solanum melongena fruit extract was assessed by determining REFERENCES the red blood cell count, hemoglobin and hematocrit percentage. Phenylhydrazine decreased the RBC, Hb and % HCT as 1. Aafreen H, Joshi A, Malviya S, Kharia A. Anti- compared normal control. There was significant (P<0.001) increase in RBC and Hb with both Vitamin B12 and Solanum anemic activity of seeds of Trigonella foenum- melongena fruit extract against phenylhyrazine challange. Also graecum in male albino rats. J Pharm Biomed Sci there was significant (P<0.01) increase in % HCT with both 2016;6:608-12. Vitamin B12 and Solanum melongena fruit extract. This shows 2. Joshi A, Soni P, Vyas N, Khan J, Malviya S, Kharia A. that Solanum melongena fruit effective anti- anemic activity Anti-anemic activity of hydro alcoholic leaf extract of against phenyhydrazine induced hemolytic anemia in rats and it Aegle marmelos in phenylhydrazine induced anemic has comparable effect as that of the standard drug Vitamin . B12 rats. Int J Curr Res 2017;9:48928-31. 3. Ankur J, Deepanshu G, Priyanka S, Sapna M, CONCLUSION Deenanath J, Anil K. Anti-anemic activity of hydro alcoholic leaf extract of Tamarindus Indica in It has been concluded that the hydroalcoholic fruit extract phenylhydrazine induced anemic rats. J Harmon Res of S. melongena exhibits antianemic activity against Appl Sci 2017;5:132-135.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S123 Effect of Terminalia Catappa Extract on Biochemical Markers of Brain in Amnesic Rats

PCOL-02 Joshi Ankur1, Malviya Neelesh2 1Department of Pharmacology , Modern Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Research Scholar, Mandsaur University, Mandsaur, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, 2Department of Pharmacognosy, Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education, Research Scholar, Mandsaur University, Mandsaur, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

The present study was to evaluate the effect of Terminalia catappa extract on biochemical markers of brain in amnesic rats (scopolamine-induced amnesia). The extract of T. catappa extract was administered in two doses (100 and 200 mg/kg) for 7 days. Piracetam (120 mg/kg) was used as a standard nootropic agent. Brain biomarker such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, contents of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and reduced glutathione in whole- brain homogenates, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was determined. T. catappa extract administration reduced lipid peroxidation products and elevated glutathione. Short-term orally supplementation of T. catappa extract showed significant cognitive enhancement as well as elevated brain antioxidant enzymes and inhibited AChE activity.

Key words: Terminalia catappa, catalase, acetylcholinesterase superoxide dismutase, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances

INTRODUCTION In vitro acetylcholinesterase inhibition assay[1]

lzheimer’s disease (AD) is a slowly The assay for AChE activity was conducted using the method progressive disease of the brain that of Ellman et al. Ais characterized by the impairment of memory and eventually by disturbances in Catalase assay (CAT)[2] reasoning, planning, language, and perception. Amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) is main source of oxidative CAT activities were Chance et al. stress in AD because it can acquire a free-radical state that contributes to its toxic effects. Aβ-induced cytotoxicity is caused by intracellular accumulation Superoxide dismutase assay (SOD)[3] of reactive oxygen species, which leads to lipid peroxidation and cell death. Terminalia catappa SOD activity was estimated by the method of Kakar et al. Linn. is known for its nutritional value and having many medicinal benefits as well. T. catappa contain Reduced glutathione assay (GSH)[4] many medicinally essential phytoconstituents such as phenol, flavonoid, and carotenoid. Numerous Reduced glutathione was estimated by the method of Jollow et al. pharmacological investigations have confirmed this plant’s ability to exhibit antimicrobial, anti- inflammatory, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, Estimation of a lipid peroxidation assay and anticancer activities, all of which support its thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)[5] traditional uses. The assay for lipid peroxidation was carried out as per Iqbal et al.

MATERIALS AND METHODS Address for correspondence: Joshi Ankur, Modern Institute of Pharmaceutical Preparation of plant extracts Sciences, Research Scholar, Mandsaur University, Mandsaur, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. Dried T. catappa subjected to hydroalcoholic E-mail: [email protected] extraction (70:30) by Soxhlet extraction.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S124 Table 1: Effect of orally T. catappa administration for 7 days in biochemical parameters of rat brain antioxidant status Treatment CAT SOD GSH TBRAS Vehicle control 11.0±0.25 7.18±2.8 174.5±10.7 184.5±8.7 Scopolamine 9.0±0.21 5.02±3.2 156.0±12.3 160.56±7.6 Piracetam 16.0±0.39 20.23±1.8 230.0±17.23 218±5.9 T. catappa (100 mg/kg) 15.5±2.8 13.5±1.4 203.3±15.3 200.3±7.3 T. catappa (200 mg/kg) 14.0±1.12 18.3±1.7 218.0±13.5 208.0±11.0 T. catappa: Terminalia catappa, CAT: Catalase, SOD: Superoxide dismutase, GSH: Glutathione, TBRAS: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances

Table 2: Effect of the extract of Terminalia catappa these results, it was inferred that administration of T. catappa on AChE inhibition activity in healthy rat attenuated brain oxidative damages, increased activity of antioxidant enzymes, GSH, and AChE while Treatments (mg/kg) AChE concentrated decreased TBARS level [Table 1]. (μMol/min/g of tissue) Vehicle control 6.742±0.18 Scopolamine 10.39±0.35 REFERENCES Piracetam 5.683±0.28 T. catappa (100 mg/kg) 4.907±0.31 1. Ellman GL, Courtney KD, Andres V, Featherstone RM: T. catappa (200 mg/kg) 4.967±0.31 A new and rapid colorimetric determination of T. catappa: Terminalia catappa, AChE: Acetylcholinesterase acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochem Pharmacol 1961;7:88-95. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 2. Chance B, Maehly AC. Assay of catalase and peroxidases. Met Enzymol 1955;11:764-75. Data of the present study revealed that T. catappa significantly 3. Kakkar P, Das B, Viswanathan PN. A modified decreased brain AChE activity in rats [Table 2]. The activity of spectrophotometric assay of superoxide dismutase. SOD is a sensitive index in oxidative damage as it scavenges Indian J Biochem Biophys 1984;21:130-2. the superoxide anion to form hydrogen peroxide leading to 4. Jollow DJ, Mitchell JR, Zampaglione N, Gillete JR. diminish the toxic effects. Data revealed that administration Bromobenzene induced liver necrosis. Protective role of both T. catappa (100 mg/kg) and T. catappa (200 mg/kg) of glutathione and evidence for 3, 4-bromobenzene increased the activity of SOD and CAT [Table 1]. Glutathione oxide as a hepatotoxic metabolite. Pharmacology reductase is thought to be the fundamental antioxidant 2003;11:151-69. enzyme, for they are closely related to the direct elimination 5. Iqbal M, Sharma MD, Zadeh HR, Hasan N, Abdulla M, of reactive oxygen species. Supplementation of T. catappa Athar M. Glutathione metabolizing enzymes and (100 mg/kg) and T. catappa (200 mg/kg) for 7 days improved oxidative stress in ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) the activity, showing protection against free radicals. From mediated hepatic injury. Redox Rep 1996;2:385-91.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S125 Comparative Study of Agomelatine and Venlafaxine for the Reduction of Buying Behavior in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder PCOL-03

Shaily Chaudhary1, Nikunjana Patel2, Indrajeet Singhvi3, Neelesh Malviya1 1Department of Pharmacology, Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education, MR-11, Dewas Naka, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, 2Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shree S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Ganpat University, Ganpat Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India, 3Department of Pharmacology, Pacific Academy of Higher Education and Research, Pacific University, Pratap Nagar Extension, Airport Road, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India

Abstract

Agomelatine, a novel melatonin agonist and selective serotonin antagonist antidepressant approved for major depressive disorder, has recently been additionally proposed as a treatment for anxiety disorders such as social anxiety disorder and panic disorder (PD. In addition, to rule out the role of enhanced serotonergic neurotransmission, studies were carried out in p-chlorophenylamine (PCPA). Results indicated a potent and dose- dependent influence of agomelatine on MBB of mice, which were maintained after its chronic administration. Treatment with PCPA was not able to inhibit the effect of agomelatine on marble-burying behavior. Further, the Dunnett’s multiple comparison test revealed that venlaflaxine had a significant effect at 10 mg/Kg. In conclusion, agomelatine and venlaflaxine administration reduces the MBB in mice, which should be explored for its potential use in the treatment of OCD.

Key words: Agomelatine, melatonin agonist, antidepressant

INTRODUCTION Apparatus Marble-burying behavior test apparatus

bsessive-compulsive disorder is It consisted of plastic cages (40 × 28 × 14 cm) containing an anxiety disorder characterized 5 cm thick wood dust bedding. 20 small glass marbles by intrusive thoughts that produce (~10 mm) were arranged on the bedding evenly spaced in O four rows of five each. uneasiness, apprehension, fear or worry, repetitive behaviors aimed at reducing the associated anxiety, or a combination of such obsessions and compulsions.[1,2] EXPERIMENTAL METHODS

Assessment of marble-burying behavior and motor activity in mice MATERIALS AND METHODS The marble-burying behavior and locomotor of mice were Adult male albino Swiss mice (22–25 g) were recorded as reported by Umathe et al., earlier with slight used for the present study. Agomelatine and modifications (Umathe et al., 2008, Nicolas et al., 2006). DL-4-chloro-phenylalanine (PCPA, a selective In brief, mice were individually placed in marble-burying serotonin depletor) were purchased from behavior apparatus with 20 glass marbles for 30 min. Sigma-Aldrich; venlafaxine was gifted by Sun Pharmaceuticals, Baroda, India. Agomelatine Address for correspondence: was dissolved in 1% hydroxyl ethyl cellulose Shaily Chaudhary, Smriti College of Pharmaceutical while venlafaxine was dissolved in 0.9% saline Education (SCOPE), MR-11, Dewas Naka, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: shaily.chaudhary@ solution and pcpa was dissolved in propylene scopeindore.info glycol.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S126 Treatments 3. Pre-treated with PCPA (300 mg/kg, i.p.) for 3 consecutive Experiment 1: Acute study days, and 24 h thereafter fluoxtine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered 30 min before testing. Mice were randomly assigned to treatment conditions (n = 6/12) in which agomelatine (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) Influence of acute drug treatment on MBB and and venlafaxine (0, 5, and 10 mg/kg, i.p.) were administered. locomotor count Agomelatine Experiment 2: Combined drug study One-way ANOVA revealed that acute administration of Mice were randomly assigned to treatment conditions agomelatine in different doses had a significant effect on the (n = 6/12) in which: MBB of male mice (F [5,53] = 6.835, P < 0.0001). 1. Pre-treated with PCPA (300 mg/kg, i.p.) for 3 consecutive days and 24 h thereafter 0.9% saline (10 mL/kg, i.p.) was Venlafaxine administered 30 min before testing. 2. Pre-treated with PCPA (300 mg/kg, i.p.) for 3 consecutive One-way ANOVA revealed that acute administration of days, and 24 h thereafter agomelatine (20 and 30 mg/kg, venlafaxine in different doses had a significant effect on the i.p.) was administered 30 min before testing. MBB of male mice (F [2, 17] = 5.729, P = 0.0412) [Figures 1-3].

Figure 1: Influence of agomelatine on anticompulsive activity

Figure 2: Influence of venlafaxine on marble buried

Figure 3: Influence of venlafaxine on locomotor count

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S127 Figure 4: Influence of pCPA pretreatment on the anticompulsive effect of agomelatine

Combined studies venlafaxine, failed to reverse the influence of agomelatine on marble-burying behaviour in obsessive–compulsive disorder. Influence of pCPA pre-treatment on the The anxiolytic actions of agomelatine are well documented; anticompulsive effect hence, the observed effect of agomelatine on marble-burying observed in the present study indicates its anticompulsive Separate groups of mice were injected with pCPA (300 mg/ potential and prompts further evaluation in other animal kg, i.p., ×3 days) or vehicle (10 mL/kg, i.p., × 3 days), and models of compulsivity. 24 h after the past dose, vehicle (10 mL/kg, i.p.), agomelatine (20 mg/kg, i.p.), or venlaflaxine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) were administered [Figure 4]. REFERENCES

1. Chaudhary S, Patel N, Yadav A. Obsessive Compulsive CONCLUSION Disorder (OCD): A review. Arch Pharm BioSci 2014;2:92-7. In the present work, agomelatine a novel melatonergic analog 2. Chaudhary S, Patel N, Yadav A. Effect of agomelatine dose-dependent attenuated marble-burying behavior in mice, in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder an effect that was comparable with that of venlafaxine. using marble-burying behavior. Ind J Pharm Sci Res Pretreatment with pCPA, which blocked the effects of 2015;5: 154-7.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S128 PCOG-01 In vitro Production of Withanolides from Hairy Root Cultures of Withania somnifera in Low-cost Protocol

Ajay G. Namdeo, K. R. Mahadik Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, Maharastra, India

Address for correspondence: Ajay G. Namdeo, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, Maharastra, India. E-mail: [email protected]

The objective of this study is to develop a low cost protocol for withanolide production from hairy root cultures of Withania somnifera. Explants of W. somnifera were transformed by infecting leaf explants with two wild type stains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC 15834 and MTCC 4364 and cultivated in media prepared in tap water supplemented with market sugar. The bacterial cultures were subculture in yeast extract broth medium. The neoplastic roots produced by A. rhizogenes were characterized by high growth rate and genetic stability.Transgenic nature of hairy roots was confirmed by opine determination using paper electrophoresis. Seven transformed clones of hairy roots were established and grown in liquid and solid medium for the analysis of secondary metabolite. Morphological marker, i.e., appearance of hairy roots at wounded sites on explants and biochemical marker, i.e. paper electrophoresis for opine detection confirmed the transformation. High-performance layer chromatography and high-performance thin-layer chromatography of genetically modified hairy roots of W. somnifera revealed enhanced production of bioactive compounds withanolides. Low-cost protocol using market sugar and tap water is developed for the production of withanolides from hairy root cultures of W. somnifera. Sucrose contributes to about 95% of total cost of tissue culture medium. Apart from sucrose, cost of double distilled water contributes maximum to the cost of the medium. In the present investigation, experiments were performed in medium prepared in tap water and market sugar as carbon source. PCOG-02 Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Tablet for the Treatment of Digestive Disorders

Sumeet Dwivedi, Satyaendra Shrivastava, P. K. Dubey Department of Pharmacognosy, Swami Vivekanand College of Pharmacy, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Sumeet Dwivedi, Department of Pharmacognosy, Swami Vivekanand College of Pharmacy, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Digestive disorders (heartburn/GERD, IBD, and IBS) are very common nowadays due to lifestyle and social habits of human beings. The symptoms may include bloating, diarrhea, gas, stomach pain, and stomach cramps. There are various allopathic medicines available to treat the same, but the relief is temporary and has several side effects. Herbal drugs play an important role in the treatment of digestive disorders due to safety and efficacy. Therefore, the present work was conceived to formulate an effective herbal tablet used for the treatment of the same. Seven batches (F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6, and F7) of herbal tablet were prepared using different compositions of herb, namely Myrobalan, Amla, Ajwoin, and Cumin. The formulated herbal tablet was evaluated. The results show that the formulation code; F5 have maximum drug content and drug release. Furthermore, attempt was made to determine the microbial load of formulation (F5). The efficiency of herbal tablet for digestive property was further confirmed by finding the amylolytic activity and was compared with a marketed formulation.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S129 PCOG-04 Development of Polyherbal with Antioxidant Activity

Jain Deepak1,2, Jain Anurekha3 1Pacific Academy of Higher Education and Research University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India-313024, 2B.R. Nahata College of Pharmacy, MU University, Mandsaur, M.P., India-458001, 3Dean, Jayoti Vidyapeeth Women’s University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India-303122

Address for correspondence: Jain Deepak, Pacific Academy of Higher Education, B.R. Nahata College of Pharmacy, MU University, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Ayurvedic system of medicine is as old as human civilization. The present study involves the development of a polyherbal formulation using four different herbs, i.e., fruits of Momordica charantia Linn., bark of Eugenia jambolana Linn., fruits of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam., and bark of Acacia catechu Willd. The collected and authenticated herbs were characterized by studying its morphological and pharmacognostic character. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates, amino acid, tannin, steroids, and flavonoids in the combination extract. Physical parameters such as solubility, pH, ash values, LOD, and extractive valuehave been studied. The antioxidant activity of the combination of extract (100 mg each) was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging method. The results showed that the combination extract has best antioxidant effect at a dose of 400 µg/mL when it was compared with ascorbic acid as reference standard. PCOG-05 Herbal Dental Gel of Essential Oils for Treatment of Periodontal Diseases

Reena Soni, Divya Rane, Praful Soni Department of Pharmacy, Shri G.S. Institute of Technology & Science, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Reena Soni, Department of Pharmacy, Shri G.S. Institute of Technology & Science, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Dental ailments are frequently encountered health problems in human being throughout the world. There are various dental diseases such as pyorrhea, dental caries, and oral candidiasis which generally occur due to improper cleaning of teeth. Natural remedies are more acceptable in the belief that they are safer with fewer side effects than synthetic ones. Herbal drugs cannot be directly used as in its crude form, rather needs to be formulated in a specific dosage form, for example, tooth powder, mouthwash, and gel. The present research work aims to formulate and evaluate the herbal dental gel containing clove oil and eucalyptus oil having bactericidal activity in mouth, reducing plaque, and preventing gum diseases. The herbal dental gel was formulated using Carbopol 934 and gum tragacanth as gelling agents, NaOH as neutralizing agent, menthol, and camphor as analgesic, and counterirritant. The formulated dental gel was evaluated for physical and antimicrobial activity. The appearance was found to be transparent, homogeneous with good spreadability, and no grittiness. In antimicrobial test, number of microbial colonies observed in Plate-A (Blank), Plate-B (Test), and Plate-C (Reference) was 9, 5, and 4, respectively, which confirms that the antimicrobial activity of developed formulation is comparable to marketed product. Thus, has a good scope in future in natural remedies for dental health of public.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S130 PCOG-24 Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity of Root and Stem Extract of Quisqualis indica Linn

Yashraj Yadav, Ragvaendra Dubey, Sourabh Jain, Nitesh Jain School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, Pinnacle Biomedical Research Institute, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, 1Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, 2Oriental University Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Yashraj Yadav, Pinnacle Biomedical Research Institute, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Diabetes is a chronic disease, which occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Indian system of medicine uses around 2,500 plant species of about 800 species are used by industry and approximately 25% species are cultivated. As per the WHO estimate, about 80% of the population of developing countries relies on traditional medicine, mostly plant-based drugs for their primary health care. The Q. indica Linn. plant is widely used either directly as folk the review by considering the traditional background and several research articles on Q. indica Linn., belongs to family Combretaceae; alloxan-induced antibiotic activity performed in root and stem extract of Q. indica after extraction process and phytochemical investigation. Wister rat used animal model after performed toxicity studies animal was treated as dose 250 and 500 mg EEQIR and EEQIS. both EEQIR and EEQIR show antidiabetic activity, but root extract is show more antidiabetic property rather than stem; hence, present investigation established some pharmacological evidences to support the folklore claim that quisqualis indica is use as antidiabetic agent. PCOG-25 Development of Quality Control Parameters for Balchaturbhadra Churna

Nazim, Uzma Bano, Shahbaz Khan, Kanika Dhote, Vinod Dhote, H. S. Chandel School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, Truba Institute of Pharmacy, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Nazim, Truba Institute of Pharmacy, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

The increasing demands for traditionally used herbal products worldwide have prompted to offer new ways of assessing quality, efficacy, and safety. Churna is powdered preparations of drugs used for oral administration. They may be of two type’s simple churna and compound churna. Balchaturbhadra churna is a well known Ayurvedic formulation described in Ayurvedic Formulary of India. It is an effective and well-tolerated treatment option in the management of diarrhea and emesis. This contains equal quantity of Piper longum (Pippali), Pistacia intergerrima (Shrngi), and Aconitum heterophyllum (Atis), and Cyperus rotundus (Nagarmotha), its prescribed dose is of 0.5–1 g. A comparative study was performed between laboratory and marketed churnas. Laboratory churna was prepared as per the method given in Ayurvedic Formulary of India and the marketed churna was purchased from the local market and was standardized according to guidelines of the World Health Organization for macroscopic characters, moisture content, extractive value, ash value, phytochemical screening, micromeritic parameter, thin-layer chromatography, foreign matter, and pH. Tannic acid estimation was performed by ultraviolet spectroscopy. The results of studies performed on the churnas were found to be precise, reproducible and can be considered for routine quality control of the churna.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S131 PCOG-26 Assessment of Antiulcer Activity of Alcoholic Extracts of Gloriosa superba Tubers

S. Suryavanshi, O. P. Choubitkar, P. Sharma, S. P. Pandey, H. S. Chandel Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Truba Institute of Pharmacy, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the antiulcer activity of alcoholic extracts of Gloriosa superba tubers. Methods: Extracts from hot continuous extraction method and cold maceration extraction method were studied against pylorus ligation-induced ulcers in rats, ethanol-induced ulcers in rats, and indomethacin-induced ulcers in rats at 200 and 400 mg/kg. Result: A significant (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01) antiulcer activity was observed in all models. Pylorus ligation, ethanol induced, and indomethacin-induced ulcer models showed significant (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01) reduction in pH, gastric volume, free acidity, and total acidity, and ulcer index is compared to control. It also showed percentage protection 44.39%, 55.80%, 39.95%, and 48.08% in pylorus ligation, 34.1%, 51.72%, 35.1%, and 46.8% in ethanol-induced ulcers, and 44%, 56.3%, 35.2%, and 50.3% in indomethacin-induced ulcers. Conclusion: Investigation of the antiulcer activity of alcoholic extracts of G. superba tubers was perforned. The significant antiulcer activity might be attributed due to the phytoconstituents present in it. PCOG-27 Antimicrobial Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Moringa oleifera

Lawana Arun, Khan Sazeed, Gour Ravi Truba Institute of Pharmacy, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

Moringa oleifera is the most widely cultivated species of the genus moringa which from the family of Moringaceae. It is fastest growing drought resistance tree it can used for water purification. Moringa seeds contain dimeric cationic proteins which absorb and neutralize colloidal charges in turbid water causing the colloidal particles to clump together making the suspended particles to remove as sludge by either settling or filtration moringa seeds cake removes most impurities from water. Anything that destroy bacteria or suppress their growth or their ability to reproduce heat chemicals such as chlorine and antibiotics drugs all have antimicrobial property. Antimicrobial activity of moringa oleifera has been done by agar disc diffusion method this method based on principle that antibiotic-impregnated disc placed on agar previously inoculated with the test bacterium pick up moisture. The clear zone or ring is formed around an antibiotic disc after incubation. That shows the agent inhibit the microbial growth.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S132 PCS-10 Formulation and Development of Antifungal Liquid Vaporizer for Coastal Area: A Social Innovative Idea for Society

Vivekanand Kisan Chatap H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Karwand Naka, Shirpur, Dhule, Maharashtra, India

Address for correspondence: Vivekanand Kisan Chatap, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Karwand Naka, Shirpur, Dhule, Maharashtra, India. E-mail: [email protected]

The novelty of the proposed research lies in the fact that liquid vaporizer has gained lot of attention in the recent time for its use as mosquito repellent. Although research is going on worldwide in wrong direction for the treatment fungal infections, current need is to do the research for prevention of fungal infections. The amount of research done in India is extremely less and not found satisfactory results. In the proposed research, we are utilizing the herbal essential volatile oils, which acts as potent antifungal, antimicrobial, stabilizer, bad odor masking, mood elevator, and air refresher for inhibition or killing of fungal growth not only in coastal area but also all over the place where high humid environment is presents. PCS-13 Formulation and Evaluation of Paracetamol Contain Antipyretic Chocolate

Ankit Mangal, Neelesh Malviya, Supriya Biswas Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Ankit Mangal, Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

The objective of the present study is to develop a chocolate formulation of paracetamol for relief in fever with improved patient compliance and also compatible to pediatric patients. The formulation consists of developing a chocolate base containing a cocoa powder, cocoa butter, milk powder, and pharmaceutical grade sugar. Subsequently drug is incorporated to aforesaid prepared chocolate base. The prepared medicated chocolate was evaluated for appearance, moisture content, in vitro drug release, blooming test, and drug content. In vitro dissolution studies of formulated chocolate were performed in USP dissolution apparatus Type 1 (Basket), using 0.1N HCl as a dissolution media. Prepared formulation showed complete release of paracetamol with 98.59% at the end of 90 min. The drug release from the chocolate shows first-order release kinetics and diffusion mechanism.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S133 PCS-17 Development and Evaluation of HP-Β-CD Complexation-Based Novel Ophthalmic in situ Gel Formulation of Nepafenac

Prerna Chouhan, Prakash K. Soni, Abhishek Chouhan Shri G. S. Institute of Technology & Science, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Prakash K. Soni, Shri G. S. Institute of Technology & Science, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Nepafenac, an NSAID used as analgesic anti-inflammatory in post-operative ocular pain is presently available in the market in the form of 0.1% ophthalmic suspension eye drop due to aqueous insolubility of the drug. The present formulation is not only poor patient compliant due to suspension form but also suffers from short corneal residence and inadequate ocular bioavailability. The objective of the present research work is to enhance the aqueous solubility of lipophilic drug nepafenac and develop its ocular in situ gel formulation for overcoming the drawbacks of presently available product. The 10% w/v HP-β-CD solution was used to formulate nepafenac in solution form, which resulted in 57.14-fold solubility enhancement of nepafenac in water, facilitating the development of nepafenac eye drop in solution form. To enhance the pre-corneal residence of the formulation, the drug solution was incorporated into a hydrogel base, i.e., Gellan gum capable of ion-activated sol-to- gel transformation in ocular environment. The developed in situ gel formulation was evaluated for their physical appearance, drug content, pH, osmolality, in vitro gelation property, in vitro drug release, and ex vivo transcorneal drug permeation, and all studied parameters were found satisfactory and acceptable. Transcorneal drug permeation study revealed that there was approximately 1.38 times enhancement in the drug permeation flux during 24 h study for developed in situ gel as compared to marketed product. In situ gel had satisfactory results for all the evaluating parameters which showed that the HP-β-CD complexation-based novel ophthalmic hydrogel formulations were successfully developed and may be a better alternative to the presently available 0.1% suspension eye drops. PCS-21 Formulation and Evaluation of Solid Self-emulsifying Drug Delivery System of Atorvastatin

Porwal Ayush, Shrivastava Vivek, Jain Ankur, R. K. Nema Lakshmi Narain College of Pharmacy (RCP), Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Porwal Ayush, Lakshmi Narain College of Pharmacy (RCP), Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

The present work aims to develop and characterize atorvastatin-loaded solid self-emulsifying drug delivery system for effective management of hypolipidemia for improving bioavailability, to enhance solubility, to prolong residence time, and to provide sufficient amount of drug to target site in a sustained manner. Atorvastatin is a BCS Class II (low solubility and high permeability) compound. Atorvastatin is rapidly absorbed in upper gastrointestinal tract. Its oral bioavailability is about 14%; this low bioavailability might be due to poor dissolution, presystemic clearance in the gut wall, and first pass effect. SEDDS formulation of atorvastatin are developed using different oils, surfactant and cosurfactant combinations. The microemulsifying region is found using pseudoternary phase diagram. Formulations based on this microemulsion region are prepared using various oils, surfactants, and cosurfactants. The basic evaluation parameters for liquid SEDDS are clarity, droplet size, emulsification time, percentage transmittance measurement, and in vitro dissolution study. Solidification of liquid SEDDS will be done by adsorbing the liquid SEDDS on various solid adsorbents aerosil 200, aerosil 300, etc. The in vitro dissolution of solid SEDDS will be compared to marketed atorvastatin formulation.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S134 PCS-22 L-valin Conjugated PLGA Nanoparticles for Oral Insulin Delivery

Sanjay Mishra, M. K. Gupta, Khushbu Jain, N. K. Jain, Gurdeep Singh Oriental College of Pharmacy & Research, Oriental University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Sanjay Mishra, Oriental College of Pharmacy & Research, Oriental University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Oral delivery is the preferred route of administration because it offers several advantages over other routes. However, it is not an effective route for the delivery of peptides and proteins because of so many constraints. The small intestine has been shown to be able to transport the L-forms of amino acids against a concentration gradient and that they compete for the mechanism concerned. Hence, L-valine was used as a ligand for carrier-mediated transport of insulin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles. L-valine-conjugated PLGA-nanoparticles were prepared using double emulsion solvent evaporation method. The insulin bearing nanoparticles were also studied for size, drug entrapment efficiency, zeta potential, and polydispersity index, and in vitro insulin release. Ex vivo studies on intestine revealed that conjugated nanoparticles showed greater insulin uptake as compared to nonconjugated nanoparticles. In vivo studies were performed on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rabbits. Oral suspension of insulin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles reduced blood glucose level from 265.4 ± 8.5 to 246.6 ± 2.4 mg/dL within 4 h which further decreased to 198.7 ± 7.1 mg/dL value after 8 h, the ligand conjugated formulation on oral administration produced hypoglycemic effect within 4 h of administration, the hypoglycemic effect prolonged till 12 h of oral administration. Simultaneously, the insulin concentration in withdrawn samples was also assessed and found that profile of insulin level is in compliance with the blood glucose reduction profile. Compared with formulation-loaded with the drug, the valine conjugated nanoparticles produced a sustained hypoglycemic response till 12 h than 8 h. Hence, it is concluded that the L-valine conjugated NPs bearing insulin are the promising carrier for the transportation of insulin across the intestine on oral administration. PCS-25 Theranostics: Amalgamation of Therapeutics and Diagnostics

Kalvatala Sudhakar1, R. Narayana Charyulu2 1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India, 2NGSMIPS, Nitte University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India

Address for correspondence: Kalvatala Sudhakar, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Theranostics is concept of unification of therapeutics and diagnostics, which is an array for image-guided therapy. Through theranostics, formulation scientist can gain data about the movement pathway, rate and extent of drug delivery and efficiency. The concept is to deliver the drug therapy and then examining the effect. Theranostics floors the alleyway for personalized medicine. State-of-the-art of theranostics is depends on the material used in theranostics formulation such as dendrimers, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, magnetic nanoparticles, liposome, gold nanoparticles, and silica nanoparticles are some platform for the theranostics agent. Theranostics nanomaterials are multioperative nanosystems, which are well fabricated for more precise and tailored disease management by mingling diagnostic and therapeutic competencies into one single biocompatible and biodegradable nanocarrier. The fabrication of theranostics nanocarrier seems to be shown more advantage than simple nanocarrier. Assimilation of therapeutic molecule with diagnostic agents into theranostics nanocarrier would be highly beneficial as rate and extent of drug and efficiency can be determined.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S135 PCS-27 Therapeutic-loaded Microemulsion-based Transdermal Formulation for Management of Spasm

T. Shukla, S. P. Pandey2, N. Upmanyu1 1School of Pharmacy and Research, Peoples University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, 2Truba Institute of Pharmacy, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India Address for correspondence: T. Shukla, School of Pharmacy and Research, Peoples University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. Thiocolchicoside is competitive GABAA receptor antagonist and also glycine receptor antagonist acting as anti-inflammatory and muscle relaxant. Considering the side effects and lower bioavailability of thiocolchicoside (25%) with half-life of 5–6 h, an attempt has been made for the formulation development of microemulsion for its transdermal application using peppermint oil as oil phase whereas tween 80 and 1-butanol as surfactant and cosurfactant. On the basis of ternary plot 1:1 ratio (surfactant and cosurfactant) was selected for the development of drug-loaded microemulsion formulation. In vitro characterization of optimized formulation such as zeta size, zeta potential, conductivity, refractive index, and viscosity was performed to evaluate the prepared formulation. Results show the higher stability and optimum drug loading. In vitro drug release of the optimum formulation (Microemulsion-loaded gel) exhibited a drug release of 37.4% at the end of 4 h. Flux as well as permeability coefficient was calculated, and the value was found to be 104.53 ± 5.7 and 0.048, respectively, showing the optimum drug permeation through skin at higher rate. In the present study, it can be concluded that the microemulsion of thiocolchicoside could be developed for the better penetration and enhanced bioavailability but still an exhaustive study is needed in this regard for developing a better and cost-effective formulation of thiocolchicoside. PCS-28 Effect of Herbomineral Preparation and their Corresponding Metal Nanoparticle on Enzymatic Activity and Growth Pattern of Bakers Yeast

S. P. Pandey1, M. S. Sudheesh2 1TRUBA Institute of Pharmacy, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, 2VNS Institute of Pharmacy, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India Address for correspondence: S. P. Pandey, TRUBA Institute of Pharmacy, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Metals are the integral part of human life and being used as aid in some ayurvedic herbomineral preparation (Bhasma) system since more than 5000 years and these ayurvedic preparations are generally thought to be safe in comparison of modern medicines, as these are derived mainly from natural sources such as natural resources, herbs, and plant extracts. However, the use of such metals has always been the matter of debate as the modern system has proved that irrational and longer use of even safer metal have created so many of the problems. The basic aim of this research was to find out the ill effect of such metallic preparation (Mandur bhasma) used in Ayurvedic medicine system and their corresponding iron nanoparticles using Baker’s yeast (S. cerevisiae) and biological enzymes. For the study, initially culture Baker’s yeast was prepared in the pre-sterilized YPD media. Growth and morphological change in baker’s yeast cell were studied in presence of the marketed Ayurvedic formulation and its corresponding metal nanoparticles. At the similar time, standard microbiological assay procedures were also performed to find out the impact of these preparations on growth and morphology of yeast cells. An enzyme blocking study using the enzymes was also performed. Results shown that the iron nanoparticles (in higher concentration) have inhibitory effect on the growth of yeast cells in comparison to the respective formulation. At the same time, the yeast cells show aggregation behavior and damaging with abnormal surface in case of metallic nanoparticels. Effect on enzymatic activity was also found significant. On the basis of the present study, it could be concluded that metals present in the ayurvedic preparations in sodhit form do not have any objectionable behavior but there is certain need of pharmacovigilance to follow standard protocol to establish the safety and efficacy of such ayurvedic preparations and before coming to any final conclusion, still number of studies will also be needed.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S136 PCHEM-02 2D and 3D Qsar Analysis of Azine Derivatives as Antidiabetic Agents

Jitendra Sainy, Rajesh Sharma School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Takshashila Campus, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India Address for correspondence: Jitendra Sainy, School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Takshashila Campus, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.

In this study, a series of azine derivatives was selected for its hologram quantitative structure-activity relationship (HQSAR), comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA), and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) analysis as antidiabetic agents. The LOO cross-validated q2 values of HQSAR, CoMFA, and CoMSIA models were found to be 0.802, 0.882, and 0.813, respectively. The predictive capability of the generated models was endorsed further by a test set of 14 compounds. The predicted pIC50 values were in good harmony with the experimentally detected pIC50 values. The best HQSAR model was generated using atoms, bonds, connection, hydrogen atoms, donor, and acceptor as fragment distinction parameter with fragment size (6–9) using a hologram length of 437 and 6 components. The fragment contribution map of HQSAR represented that the presence of hydrophobic group such as long alkyl chain at R1 position and presence of hydrogen bond acceptor group at R2 position is favorable for antidiabetic activity. The results of 3D QSAR are in good agreement with 2D QSAR results. PCHEM-03 Comparative Study Between Para-chloro and Para-fluoro Novel Pyrazole Derived Samples with the Help of their Physiochemical and Structural Evaluation

Anjali Chandani, Sonali Sharma1, Rishabh Saxena2 VNS Faculty of Pharmacy, VNS Group of Institutes, Neelbad, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Anjali Chandani, E-mail: [email protected]

There are many pyrazole compounds with various types of activities available in the market. Many of the recent studies focusing on the biological activities of pyrazole derivatives say that the pyrazole derivative having para-chloro ring has much more analgesic activity in comparison to the pyrazole derivative with para-fluoro ring. As per the structure–activity relationship, the two structures when compared have a difference in the electronegative group attached to their third ring. The structure 1 (SS- 1) here, i.e., 1{1-(4-chlorophemyl-prop-2-ene-1-one)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)}4,5 dihydro-1H-pyrazole- 3-yl has chloride ion as the electronegative group attached to the 4th position on the its third ring, whereas structure-2 (SS-2) here, i.e., 1{1(4-fluorophenyl-prop-2-ene-1-one)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)}4,5 dihydro-1H-pyrazole-3-yl has one fluoride ion as the electronegative group attached to its para position on its third ring. The research paper here focuses on the comparative studies of the two sample structures with the help of physiochemical as well as structural evaluation.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S137 PCHEM-04 Validation of a Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Pantoprazole Sodium Residues on Surfaces in the Manufacture of Pharmaceuticals

Ram Singh Bishnoi1, Neha Vishnoi2, C. P. Jain1 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India, 2Department of Microbiology, Peoples Dental Academy, People’s University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Ram Singh Bishnoi, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India. E-mail: [email protected]

A liquid chromatographic method for determination of the residues of pantoprazole sodium on various surfaces employed in drug manufacture is described. Cotton swabs, moistened with a methanol–water (1:1 v/v) mixture were used to remove any residues of drugs from Teflon plates and stainless steel surfaces, and gave recoveries of 93.65%, and 89.92%, respectively.

Residues were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography on a C18 column at 25°C with methanol–formic acid (0.15% pH 3.0) in the ratio of 80:20 at flow rate 1.0 mL/min and detection at 292 nm. The method was validated over a concentration range of 2.5–50 ug/mL and had a detection limit of 100 ng/mL. PCHEM-05 Molecular Docking of Some Schiff Base Derivative as Antimicrobial Agent

Shreya Nigam, Love Kumar Soni Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Shreya Nigam, School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

In present work, we have done molecular docking on antimicrobial agent. In which, we have designed schiff base derivative as antimicrobial agent. We have designed eight compounds and done molecular docking using PDB ID 3U2D which acts as an antibacterial agent and PDB ID 1AOE which acts as antifungal agent. The dock eight compounds give’s best dock score and alignment.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S138 PCHEM-06 Qsar Studies on 3-(4-Chloro-2-Hydroxyphenyl)-2- (Substituted) Thiazolidin-4-One as Antibacterial Agents

Srijal Patel, Love Kumar Soni School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Takshashila Campus, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Srijal Patel, School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Takshashila Campus, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Termination of cell wall synthesis by inhibiting biosynthesis of peptidoglycan can be fruitful way to design a powerful lead against bacterial infections. An active scaffold of thiazolidin-4-one was found to have efficient inhibitory activity against UDP- N-acetylmuramoylalanine—D-glutamate ligase (MurD ligase). In this series of work, here we report quantitative structure– activity relationship QSAR analysis performed by Hansch analysis and Fujita-Ban using VALSTAT, on a series of 3-(4-chloro- 2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(substituted) thiazolidin-4-one. Interpretation of generated QSAR models reveal that a nitrogen hetero cyclic ring with a bulky substitution on 2nd and 4th position having hydrogen bond donor nature will increase the antimicrobial activity. PCHEM-08 Synthesis of Highly Substituted Indenes from Aryl Vinyl Alcohol

Pawan Goud1, Shivendra S. Raghuwanshi2 1Modern Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, 2National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

Address for correspondence: Pawan Goud, Modern Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Cyclopentane motif is a privileged structure because of its widespread occurrence in many synthetic organic molecules and biologically active natural products such as prostaglandins, steroid, and terpenoid. The classical approach toward the construction of cyclopentenone rings is the nazarov cyclization, a cationic electrocyclization that converts divinyl ketones to cyclopentenones by activation with protic or Lewis acids. Electrocyclic reactions are a powerful synthetic transformation with the ability to create new carbon-carbon bonds stereospecifically by the simple orbital reorganization. Synthesis of tertiary hydroxyl containing aryl, vinyl, and methyl and their application in the synthesis of highly substituted indenes were described.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S139 PCHEM-11 Two Dimensional Quantitative Structure–activity Relationship Study 2-Aminobenzothiazole Derivatives as Anticonvulsant Activity

Bhagat Singh Chouhan, Love Kumar Soni School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Takshashila Parisar, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Bhagat Singh Chouhan, School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Takshashila Parisar, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Two dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship studies were carried out on a series of novel 6-substituted 2-aminobenzothiazole analogs to elucidate the structural properties required for anticonvulsant activity. The study was performed using multiple linear regression method giving r2 = 0.88 and q2 = 0.63 for Hansch analysis, r2 = 0.82 and q2 = 0.68 for Fujia-Ban analysis, respectively. Thus, this validated model provides an important structure insight for designing of novel anticonvulsant agents. PCHEM-18 Molecular Docking of Potent Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors

Shweta Mishra, Rashmi Dahima School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Takshashila Parisar, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Shweta Mishra, School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Takshashila Parisar, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Bruton’s tyrosine kinases are critical enzymes that regulate the B cell development, growth and degeneration. In humans, Btk is responsible for autoimmune diseases, X-linked agammaglobulinemia, inflammation, several B-cell malignancies, protein signaling, and arthritis. However, at least 400 mutational changes in the Btk gene lead to death among young and middle- aged women. In this paper, preliminary in silico screening was performed using the piperazine moiety, imidazolyl substituted carboxylic acid moiety, and diphenyl pyrimidines that were thought to have potential to inhibit Btk. Of 89 derivatives, in comparison with standard drug Ibrutinib compound 72, 44, and 45 exhibited maximal interactions that were important for inhibition were screened for further designing of compounds that would be metabolically stable. It gives the deeper insight into structural attributes and overall molecular interactions. From this study, we propose that these compounds can be used for designing potent Btk inhibitors.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S140 PCHEM-23 Development and Validation of Stability Indicating Assay Method for Estimation of Gemigliptin and its Degradients by Reversed-phase Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography

Avnish Jain, Love K. Soni, Rajesh Sharma Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, DAVV, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

This works aims to develop simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and economical stability indicating reversed-phase ultra performance liquid chromatography assay method for Gemigliptin which is used for the treatment of major metabolic disorder diabetes mellitus. In this method, estimation was performed using THERMO UHPLC with ultimate 3000 DAD detector fitted with Hypersil Gold C-18 column (150*4.6 mm, 3microne particle size). High resolution isocratic separation was achieved using mobile phase consisting of Acetonitrile:methanoL:water (50:30:20) at a flow rate of 1.25 mL/min. Retention time was found to be 1.32 min with nearly 142650 N plates/meter column and tailing factor 1.05%. Gemigliptin showed excellent linearity (r2 > 999) over 50–250 µg/mL concentrations. The force degradation of gemigliptin was carried out using acid hydrolysis, base hydrolysis, oxidative degradation, and thermal degradation. In all degradation conditions applied Gemigliptin was well separated from its degradants. Study showed that there is significant degradation under alkaline and oxidative conditions. This method was found to be simple, accurate, economical, robust, and reproducible. This developed method has been validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification, and system suitability according to the ICH guidelines. PCOL-04 Antibiotic Evaluation of Odontogenic Microbiological Spectrum of Orofacial Infection

Neha Vishnoi1, Sapna Singh1, Ram Singh Bishnoi2, Vinod Singh3, M K Gupta4 1 Department of Pharmacy, People’s Dental Academy, Bhanpur, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, 2Department of Pharmacy, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, 3Department of Pharmacy, Oral Maxillofacial Surgeon, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India, 4Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.L.S. University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India

Address for correspondence: Neha Vishnoi, People’s Dental Academy, Bhanpur, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India E-mail: [email protected]

The aim of this study was to investigate the microbial flora and simultaneously evaluate its antibiotic response in patients associated with odontogenic infection. Samples for the analysis were taken from the Maxillofacial Surgery Department of People’s Dental Academy, Bhopal. Our results resemble with current knowledge of odontogenic microbial flora. In this study, frequently isolated isolates were 40 (51%) of Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 65 (83%) of Streptococcus mutans, 23 (29%) of Streptococcus salivarius, 30 (38%) of Streptococcus sanguis, 21 (27%) of Streptococcus mitis, 17 (22%) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 14 (18%) of Klebsiella pneumoniae. The average sensitivity of antimicrobials against all isolated organisms was studied and it was found that common sensitive antimicrobials were clindamycin (88%), metronidazole (79%), cefotaxime (72%), linezoid (72%), erythromycin (72%), amoxclave (71%), ornidazole (67%), ciprofloxacin (67%), vancomycin (65%), imipenum (64%), cefadroxil (59%), ceftazidine (59%), azithromycin (58%), and cefoperazone sulbactum (56%), whereas resistant antimicrobials were penicillin (83%), levofloxacin (79%), gentamycin (77%), penicillin G (72%), cefuroxime (72%), ceftriazone (65%), ampicillin (65%), amikacin (64%), norfloxacin (59%), piperacillin (56%), clarithromycin (55%), ofloxacin (55%), ampicillin sulbactam (51%), azithromycin (50%), ampicillin sulbactum (50%), and ceftazidine (50%).

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S141 REW-01 The Topical Drug Delivery of Itraconazole Microspheres by Solvent Evaporation Method

Ankita Mandal, Arti Majumdar, Neelesh Malviya Department of Pharmacy, Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Ankita Mandal, Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Itraconazole is broad-spectrum antifungal agent, and it is belongs to triazole group which is used in a treatment of local fungal infection. Itraconazole has a poor aqueous solubility and on oral administration results in poor bioavailability and interindividual variation in the plasma drug concentration. Itraconazole doses form are available in market is tablet, capsules taken by oral route there have some disadvantages like abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, menstrual disorders, rash, jaundice, hypokalaemia. Itraconazole is topical antifungal agent used in fungal pathogens including Aspergillus species. REW-02 Mode of Action of Different Turmeric Derived Curcumin and Curcuminoid Formulations on the Neurodegenerative Disorder, Alzheimer’s

Anjali Chandani Department of Pharmacy, VNS Faculty of Pharmacy, VNS Group of Institutes, Neelbad, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Anjali Chandani, VNS Faculty of Pharmacy, VNS Group of Institutes, Neelbad, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Both curcumin and curcuminoids are chemical derivatives of turmeric. When given in combination they are much more effective in comparison to curcumin alone. Curcumin constitutes 3.14% (on average) of powdered turmeric, having variations in content among the species of Curcuma longa. The drug epitomizes the major effect of naturally available medicines on major disorders and proves to be the cure of many diseases. It has many major properties such as it is an antioxidant, anticancer, antitumor, cardioprotective effects, radiosensitizing effects, and many other major effects. The diseases that are mainly due to the damage of peripheral cells and brain cells strongly linked by age and can be prevented by adapting a healthy lifestyle which includes turmeric as a part of our daily supplement. The article reviews the major effect of curcumin and curcuminoids formulations along with their MOA on Alzheimer’s. The effect of these drugs can be seen on some of the major causes of the disease and can be studied in many researches of today.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S142 REW-04 Herbal Drug Use as a Pharmaceutical Bioavailability Enhancer

R. Punasiya, J. Choudhary, N. Solanki, S. Pillai Department of Pharmacy, GRY Institute of Pharmacy Borawan, Khargone, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: R. Punasiya, GRY Institute of Pharmacy Borawan, Khargone, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Today, there is a great interest and medical need for the improvement of bioavailability of a large number of drugs which are poorly bioavailable, given for long periods, and are toxic and expensive. A bioenhancer is an agent capable of enhancing bioavailability and bioefficacy of a particular drug with which it is combined, without any typical pharmacological activity of its own at the dose used. REW-06 A Review: Role of Nanoparticle in Herbal Formulation

Ruhee Jain BM College of Pharmacy

Address for correspondence: Ruhee Jain, BM College of Pharmacy. E-mail: [email protected]

In past few years, herbal medicine is in high demand throughout the world, especially in India. Utilize of herbal medicines has greater than before because of their ability to treat special diseases with fewer side effects. In current years, nanotechnology has become one of the most important and exciting front position fields in science. The novel drug delivery systems can significantly increase the pharmacokinetics (reduces dosage frequency and increases the solubility) and therapeutic index of plant origin drugs (absorption whereas decreases elimination). This review article will provide a concise discussion of nanoparticles formulation, and its future impact of nanotechnology on smart herbal drugs. REW-07 Formulation, Development, and Evaluation of Nanomiemgel for the Treatment of Skin Disease: A Review

Shikha Jaiswal1, Revathi A. Gupta2 1Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, 2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Shikha Jaiswal, Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

In developing countries occur many types of health issue or various types of disease due to environment, incompatible diet and faulty foods. Among of disease one of the skin disease are numerous and a frequently occurring health problem affecting all

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S143 ages from neonates to elderly and cause harm in number of ways. There is number of skin diseases occur such as rashes, viral bacterial, fungal infections, and cancer. In present methodology is to formulate, develop and evaluate of nanomiemgel (NMG) for the treatment of skin disease. NMG is consist of two matrices A and B where matrix A is nanoemulsion while matrix B is nanomicelle novel drug delivery system is better than conventional drug delivery system. NMG is to develop a combination therapy as well as topical drug delivery system. The absorption of the combined system would be better than either of the individual drug delivery systems due to maximum possible paths of absorption available for that particular drug. The purpose of this study is to minimize toxic effect, reducing dosing frequency, better therapeutic effect, increase bioavailability, etc. Nanoparticulate systems to expect would be better skin permeation. REW-08 A Review on Antidepressant Activity of Beta-carotene

Shuchi Jain, Deepak Birla, Vimukta Sharma Department of Pharmacy, BM College of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Shuchi Jain, BM College of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Depression is a psychiatric disorder, which affects 21% of the world population. The presently using drugs can impose a variety of side effects including cardiac toxicity, hypopiesia, sexual dysfunction, body weight gain, and sleep disorder. During the past decade, there is a growing interest in the therapeutic effects of natural products on mental disorders. Beta-carotene was investigation for antidepressant activity. Beta-carotene significantly reversed stress-induced increase in brain catalase, monoamine oxidase, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, and plasma nitrite and corticosterone levels, and increased stress- induced decrease in reduced glutathione levels. REW-09 Iontophoresis Facilitated Ocular Drug Delivery: A Review on Recent Advancement and Future Prospective

Shweta Awasthy, Prakash K. Soni Department of Pharmacy, Nanotechnology Research Lab, Shri G.S. Institute of Technology & Science, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Prakash K. Soni, Department of Pharmacy, Nanotechnology Research Lab, Shri G.S. Institute of Technology & Science, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Iontophoresis or electrically assisted system is a novel non-invasive, needle-free, and effective technique for drug delivery. Ocular iontophoresis is a fast, safe, and painless approach for delivering low-permeable substances by the means of low intensity electric current which leads to enhancement of trans-corneal drug permeation and thereby, extend the duration of drug action. Iontophoresis technique is based on the fundamental principle of physics that same ionic charges repels, and opposite charge attracts each other. The transport mechanism by which ocular iontophoresis may work is electrorepulsion and electroosmotic flow. There are various iontophoretic devices for ocular delivery available in the market. Most commonly used devices are Eyegate® II delivery system and OcuPhore® delivery system and other similar once are visulexTM for ophthalmic drug delivery purpose. The two approaches for iontophoresis are trans-scleral and trans-corneal on the basis of application site. This review is aimed to provide comprehensive information on development of ophthalmic iontophoretic devices, principle, and factors that may affect the performance of iontophoretic drug delivery, therapeutic application, and future prospects.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S144 REW-10 Cosmeceuticals: A Novel Approach in Skin Care

Alisha Jain1, Neelesh Malviya2 1Department of Pharmaceutics, Research Scholar, Mandsaur University, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India, 2Department of Pharmaceutics, Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Alisha Jain, Research Scholar, Mandsaur University, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Cosmeceuticals are future generation of skin care. They are typically cosmetic-pharmaceutical hybrids intended to enhance the health and beauty of skin. These products contain active ingredients that act on the skin cellular structure through topical application with therapeutic, disease-fighting, or healing properties. Skin disease is a common ailment and it affects all ages. The present text aims to highlight the recent advances in skin cosmeceuticals and explore the existing class of naturally bioactive compounds, which have diverse functional roles and properties that can be used for the development of novel cosmeceuticals. REW-11 Liquisolid Technique as a Promising Tool to Enhance Solubility and Dissolution of BCS Class II Drugs

Madhavi Kasturi1, Neelesh Malviya2 1Department of Pharmaceutics, Research Scholar, Mandsaur University, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India, 2Department of Pharmaceutics, Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Madhavi Kasturi, Research Scholar, Mandsaur University, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Drugs are classified into different classes depending on their solubility and permeability according to BCS Classification System. The BCS Class II drugs face challenging problems in their pharmaceutical product development process due to low solubility and dissolution rates. Hence, they require enhancement in solubility and dissolution rate especially for solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules. Several conventional methods have been developed earlier for formulation development of BCS Class II drugs. Nowadays, focus is made on new emerging technology called “Liquisolid Technique.” It is considered a new technique to enhance solubility and dissolution profile of poorly water-soluble drugs. These formulations are prepared by mixing liquid medication with carrier (having good absorptive properties) and coating material (having good adsorptive properties) to form dry looking, free-flowing, non-adherent, and readily compressible powder.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S145 REW-12 A Review on Ficus Palmata

Akansha Porwal, Rakesh Solanki Department of Pharmaceutics, Mandsaur University, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Akansha Porwal, Department of Pharmaceutics, Mandsaur University, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Ficus palmata is an herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the family Moraceae. The fruits of this species resemble those of Ficus carica. The plant is regarded as the Indian form or the eastern representative of F. carica and some of the figs grown and marketed in Punjab evidently belong to this species. It contains a very juicy fruit and is used for making numerous products such as squash, jam, and jelly from this fruit. The fruits contain mainly sugars and mucilage and are chiefly used as an item of diet in many cases of constipation and within the diseases of the lungs and also the bladder. The ficus palmate plant is employed in various diseases such as gastrointestinal disorders, ulcer, hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia tumor, diabetes, and fungal infections. Traditionally, stem latex is applied to extract spines deeply lodged within the flesh. The phytochemical screening of the ficus palmata plant extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides terpenoids, flavonoids, and tannins, and aerial parts of ficus palmata utilizing liquid–liquid fractionation and completely different chromatographic techniques resulted within the isolation of a new isomer of psoralenoside particularly, transpsoralenoside additionally to, one triterpene: Germanicol acetate, one aromatic acid vanillic acid, two furanocoumarins: Bergapten, psoralene, and also the flavones glycoside rutin. The ficus palmata fruit shows antioxidant activity using free radical scavenging and ferric reducing activities. The plant additionally shows in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanolic, ethanolic, and water extracts. Fruit extract was analyzed against cervical cancer cell lines for antiproliferative activity whereas aqueous extract of ficus palmata leaves showed dose-dependant anticalcinogenic action. Ficuspalmata total plant extract was found to show hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, antiulcer, and anticoagulant activity. REW-13 A Review: Development of Anti-obesity Formulation and its Evaluation Parameters

Jayesh Hada, Parmar Sarjana, Vishal Sharma, Deepak Patidar Department of Pharmaceutics, B.R. Nahata College of Pharmacy, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Vishal Sharma, Department of Pharmaceutics, B.R. Nahata College of Pharmacy, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

The main objective of the study is to review the safety and efficacy of the herbal medicines in the management of obesity in animals and humans for the development of anti-obesity formulation. Obesity characterized as an abnormal increase in fat deposition in adipose tissue and other internal organs. There has been an increase in rates of obese person in both adults (28% increase) and children (47%) in the past 33 years. The imbalance between calories consumed and those which are expended causes the overall energy misbalance and thus weight gain. All of the human and animal studies on the effects of herbs with the key outcome of change in anthropometric measures such as body weight and waist-hip circumference, body fat, amount of food intake, and appetite were included. Of the publications, 50 literatures results were identified and reviewed, and a total of 15 studies were included. Studies with Erythroxylon monogynum, Cissus quadrangularis (CQ), Sambucus nigra, Asparagus officinalis, Garcinia cambogia, Lagerstroemia specicosa, Gymnema sylvestrae R, ephedra and caffeine, showed a significant decrease in body weight. Chromium picolinate supplementation for overweight or obese adults show too serious side effects above 1000 µg. Dietary fiber including Fenugreek proves to increase the viscosity of stomach contents and reduce fat acid, on the other side Gaur gum has been investigated for its antihyperglycemic and antihyperplipidemic effect on diabetic rats. Flax seeds supplementation improved insulin resistance in obese glucose intolerant people in human study.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S146 REW-14 Natural Gums and Mucilages as Pharmaceutical Excipients

Kashish Kumar Godawat, Ayush Joshi, Kanchan Dwivedi, Vishal Sharma Department of Pharmaceutics, B.R. Nahata College of Pharmacy, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Kashish Kumar Godawat, Department of Pharmaceutics, B.R. Nahata College of Pharmacy, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Gums are widely used natural excipients for conventional and novel dosage forms. With the increasing interest in polymers of natural origin, the pharmaceutical world has compliance to use most of them in the formulations. In recent years, there has been a tremendous development in natural products, which are needed to be used for a variety of purposes. Nature has provided us a wide variety of materials to help improves and sustains the health of all living things either directly or indirectly. These natural materials have advantages over synthetic ones since they are chemically inert, non-toxic, less expensive, biodegradable, and widely available. They can also be modified in different ways to obtain tailor-made materials for drug delivery systems and thus can compete with the available synthetic excipients. Moreover, the tremendous orientation of Pharma world toward these naturally derived polymers has become a subject of increasing interest to discover, extract and purify such compounds from the natural origin. Gums are the potent candidates to be used in various pharmaceutical formulations as a potential candidate for novel drug delivery system. In this review, we describe the developments in natural gums for use in the pharmaceutical sciences. REW-15 Gynecological Disorders and their Treatment with Herbal Drugs: A Review

Mohd. Talha Niyargar, Chetna Baregama Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, B.R. Nahata College of Pharmacy, Mandsaur University, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Chetna Baregama, Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, B.R. Nahata College of Pharmacy, Mandsaur University, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Gynecological disorders are disorders of the female genital organs and within it we can talk about sexually transmitted diseases and obstetrics. Their diagnosis and treatment are an important aspect of the quality of life of women and their reproductive health because these disorders are public health and social problem and are very important to deal with them at the level of primary health care, so in this context to promote both primary and secondary prevention. Gynecological disorders include amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, leukorrheas, menorrhagia, menometrorrhagia, metrorrhagia, oligomenorrhoea, uterine hemorrhage, infertility, spontaneous abortion, postpartum hemorrhage, gonorrhea, and syphilis. Many women do not approach the physicians due to lack of awareness, shyness or hesitation are treated with household remedies in India. A wide range of herbal traditional medicines are used to regulate the menstrual cycle, enhance fertility and as either abortifacients or anti-abortifacients. Plants and plant-based medicaments are the basis of many of the modern pharmaceuticals, we used today for our various ailments. Many herbal drugs which are used for these disorders, for example, Smilex zeylanica, Asparagus racemosus, Hemidesmus indicus, Euphorbia hirta, Woordfordia fruticosa, Butea monosperma, Saraca asoca, Smilex zeylanica, and Wendlandia heynei. Study of phytoconstituents of these drugs which are responsible for their activity is big topic of concern for making their synthetic products so that they can come to the market as brand product and easily available to each woman.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S147 REW-16 A Systematic Comprehensive Scientific Investigation of Computer-aided Drug Design in Fighting Against Diabetes Mellitus: Success, Limitations, and Future

Soni Priyanka1,2, Joshi Ankur3, Malviya Neelesh2, Sainy Jitendra1 1 School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, 2Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, 3 Modern Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Soni Priyanka, School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Diabetes mellitus is said to be the world most threatening disease of the decade. It is a complex, progressive disease characterized by insulin deficiency and insulin resistance or both. It is recognized as epidemic by the World Health Organization and according to the current facts from year 2016, the WHO estimated that the number of people with diabetes has risen from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014. In 2015, an estimated 1.6 million deaths were directly caused by diabetes. Another 2.2 million deaths were attributable to high blood glucose in 2012. According to the international diabetes federation 1 in 11 adults have diabetes (415 million) in 2015 but by 2040, 1 adult in 10 (642 million) will have diabetes. Hence, diabetes is said to be the global health emergency of the 21st century. The modern technical tools like computer-aided drug design can give a huge contribution in fighting against such stressed conditions. Here, in this scientific investigation, a systematic effort has been made to analyze the data related to achievements of computational chemistry and bioinformatics to prevent diabetes. REW-17 A Review on Sustained-release Tablets

Shivani Soni, Madhavi Kasturi, NeeleshMalviya Department of Pharmaceutics, Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Shivani Soni, Department of Pharmaceutics, Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Oral drug delivery is the most preferred route for administration of various drugs. Sustained-release products provide advantage over conventional dosage form by optimizing bio pharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics properties of drug. Thus, sustained- release formulation provides important means to decrease the side effect of drug by preventing the fluctuation of the therapeutic concentration of the drug in the body. The “sustained-release” is known to have existed in the medical and pharmaceutical literature for many decades. Oral drug delivery is the most preferred route for the various drug molecules among all other routes of drug delivery, because ease of administration which leads to better patient compliance. Orally, administered sustained- release tablets have proven an alternative way to decrease the side effects of drug by avoiding the fluctuation of the therapeutic drug concentration in the body.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S148 REW-18 Hair Growth Promotion and Herbal Cosmeceuticals

Anindya Goswami1,2, Neelesh Malviya2 1Department of Pharmacy, Mandsaur University, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India, 2Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Anindya Goswami, Department of Pharmacy, Mandsaur University, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Hair, one of the vital parts of the body consequent from ectoderm of skin, is defensive appendages on the body and considered accomplice structure of the integument. Hair fall was in the earlier days recognized as a sign of aging and was a cause for a great deal of awkwardness. Hair growth is divided into three phases: Anagen, catagen, and telogen. Contrasting hair follicles of other animals, the hair follicles of humans are not in the same rotation at the same time; each follicle has its individual program. Management of hair fall is extremely multifaceted. The long-established system of medicine in India acclaims a number of herbal drugs for hair growth endorsement. Natural products are very well-liked and well acknowledged in the cosmetic and hair care industries and about 1000 plant extracts have been examined for hair care treatment. There are many products available in the market, which are prepared by combination of one or more herbal drugs and find acceptability as hair growth promoter. Herbal cosmeceuticals provide a new revolution for hair growth. This review focuses on few natural treasures of herbal drugs into suitable cosmetic formulations that aim to find acceptability as hair growth promoters. REW-19 Review on Formulation of Herbal Anti-acne Cream

Shivanee Vyas, Aditya Gupta, Deepak Gupta 1Lakshmi Narain College of Pharmacy Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, 2Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Shivanee Vyas, Lakshmi Narain College of Pharmacy Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Acne is an inflammatory disease of sebaceous follicles of skin. The current study was conducted to formulate and evaluate the topical herbal anti-acne formulation of marigold extract. The antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of marigold against acne vulgaris was investigated using disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by agar dilution method. Different types of formulations water in oil (W/o) herbal cream, namely formulation 1 to formulation 4 were formulated by incorporating different concentrations of Marigold, Tulsi, and Turmeric from powdered form. The finished formulations give a pale yellowish color cream. The evaluations of all formulations were done on different parameters such as pH, texture changes, and color changes to examine the physical stability of formulations in which these tests were conducted for 10 days at cool temperature of 5°C, for 10 days in room temperature of 35°C, and for 10 days in elevated temperature of 40°C. Moreover, evaluations of antimicrobial activity of all formulations were done. All the formulations showed optimal pH and physically stable. This indicates that the formulations can be used for topical dosage form.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S149 REW-20 Molecular Modeling Study of Bioisosteres of Hydantoin as Potent Aldose Reductase Inhibitor

Jyoti Pandey1, Ritu Gilhotra1, Arun K. Gupta2 1School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, 2Department of Pharmaceutical, RKDF Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Jyoti Pandey, School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. E-mail: [email protected]

This review intend to reveal the function of bioisosterism in designing of new drug molecule as aldose reductase inhibitors with modification and optimization method aiming to get better pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of lead. Bioisosteric substitution is not easy; they are to start with analysis of structures, solubility, and electronic parameters to find molecules having parallel biological activity. Rhodanine contain Epalrestat is the only marketed drug also a bioisosters of hydantoin have desirable effect against diabetic neuropathy. This flexibility may well explain the designing of possible substrates for AR. REW-21 Topical Drug Delivery by Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for the Treatment of Skin Cancer

Arti Majumdar1,2, Nidhi Dubey1, Neelesh Malviya2 1School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, 2Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Arti Majumdar, School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Skin cancer represents the most common type of cancer having a very high rate of incidence. Currently available topical treatments for nonmelanoma skin cancer and their precursor lesions, such as actinic keratosis include semisolid formulations of 5-fluorouracil, diclofenac, and imiquimod. Another topical treatment also used and approved by the US Food and Drug Administration is photodynamic therapy using photosensitizing agent like aminolevulinic acid to kill carcinogenic cells when exposed to light of certain specific wavelength. However, these conventional treatments are associated with various side effects such as severe inflammation, pain, long duration of treatment, and unappealing scars leading to non-acceptance by the patients. The topical administration of anticancer drugs through nanostructured lipid carriers is beneficial in terms of reduced side effects, reduces degradation, enhanced penetration of the drug through the stratum corneum and thus increased drug targeting and therapeutics. As nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are composed of solid lipids and liquid lipids have lots of imperfections to accommodate large amount of drug as compared to SLN. Being lipid-based drug delivery systems, NLCs have been proved as effective carriers for cytotoxic drugs because of their potential to increase the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble and lipophilic drugs. The present comprehensive study includes the various problems encountered in cancer chemotherapy and the benefits of NLCs in the drug therapy of skin cancer.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S150 REW-22 Medicinal Uses of Lepidium Sativum: A Review

Prashant Dhanwani, Chetna Baregama, Anju Goyal Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, B. R. Nahata College of Pharmacy, Mandsaur University, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Chetna Baregama, Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, B. R. Nahata College of Pharmacy, Mandsaur University, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Lepidium sativum is an annual herb, belonging to Brassicaceae family. In English, it is known as Garden cress which is an annual herb. It is a fast-growing, edible plant botanically related to watercress and mustard. It is also known as Asalio or chandrasur in India, and it is an important medicinal crop in India. Garden cress is a perennial plant, and an important green vegetable consumed by human beings, most typically as a garnish or as a leaf vegetable. L. sativum mainly contains alkaloids, saponins, anthracene glycosides, carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, flavonoids, and sterols as chief phytochemical constituents. Its extracts have been found to possess various pharmacological activities. Folk medicine: The plant is used in Indian folk medicine by the tribals and rural population for a wide spectrum of diseases such as asthma, menstrual cycle regulation, gastrointestinal tract treatment, respiratory infection treatment, immunity booster, hair loss treatment, anticarcinogenic, antipyretic, hepatoprotective activity, antihypertensive, and diuretic activity. All these activities are pharmacologicaly determined in animals. For many other activities such as antiarthritis, brain intellect enhancer, and effect on growth hormones, garden cress is used as folklore medicine, but phytoconstituent responsible for that and pharmacological activities still not approved. REW-23 Antimicrobial Potential of Tagetes Erecta Leaves Silver Nanoparticles and its Antioxidant Activity

Deepa Varandani1, Disha Jain2, Sourabh Jain2 1Department of Pharmacy, Pinnacle Biomedical Research Institute, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, 2Department of Pharmacy, APJ University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Disha Jain, Department of Pharmacy, APJ University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Nanotechnology is the technology employed for the synthesis of nanosized (10–9 m) particles and use of these particles in various therapeutic, diagnostic purposes, material sciences, and engineering. Nanosilver particles are among the most attractive nanomaterial which has been widely used in range of biomedical applications including diagnosis, treatment, drug delivery, medical device coating, and also for personal health care. With the increasing application of nanosilver particles in medical context, it is becoming necessary for a better understanding of mechanism of nanosilver particle’s biological interactions and their specific potential toxicity. Various routes are used for synthesis of nanosilver particles such as physical, chemical, and biological or green synthesis. In this review, first the green synthesis of nanosilver particles was done using tagetes erecta leaf extract and then its antimicrobial and antioxidant activity is studied which can be applied for various diagnosis and treatment of infections.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S151 REW-24 A Review on Plant Essential Oils as Mosquito Repellent

Deepak Kumar Gupta, Manohar Chouhan, Revati Gupta Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Mosquitoes are small, midge like flies that constitute the family Culicidae. Which transmit extremely harmful diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, Chikungunya, West Nile Virus, dengue fever, filariasis, Zika virus, and other arboviruses, rendering it the deadliest animal family in the world. Essential oils belonging to various plant species and possessing mixtures of hydrocarbons have been seen to act as effective repellent against various pests. Essential oils are volatile mixtures of hydrocarbons with a diversity of functional groups, and their repellent activity has been linked to the presence of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The commercially marketed repellents basically consist of essential oils from plants Cymbopogon nardus, Eucalyptus maculata, Cymbopogon excavatus, Mentha piperita, and Azadirachta indica. The present article envisaged to review the reports of essential oils on its effectiveness as repellent. REW-25 Biological and Medicinal Significance of Chalcone: Current Challenges and Future Prospectus

Khushbu Jain, Ankit Agrawal, Neetesh K. Jain, M. K. Gupta, Sanjay Mishra Oriental College of Pharmacy and Research, Oriental University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Khushbu Jain, Oriental College of Pharmacy and Research, Oriental University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Chalcone is open chain flavonoids. Chalcone is most important nucleus because it holds various biological activities including antitumor, antifungal, antiviral, and anticancer. Chalcones are starting material for various heterocyclic nucleuses which exert different pharmacological activities. REW-26 Prediction of Diabetes Mellitus Using Cheminformatics

Monish Gupta, Ankit Mangal Department of Pharmaceutics, Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Ankit Mangal, Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder associated with either improper functioning of the beta-cells or wherein cells fail to use insulin properly. Insulin, the principal hormone regulates uptake of glucose from the blood into most of the cells except central nervous system. Therefore, deficiency of insulin or the insensitivity of its receptors plays a key role in all forms of diabetes. In the present work, the cheminformatics is widely used for many serious disease treat by the change in the chemical and their information. The cheminformatics is consist of chemical and knowledge about chemical.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S152 REW-27 Liver Cirrhosis and Herbal Remedies

Vivek Kumar, Anindya Goswami, Neelesh Malviya Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Vivek Kumar, Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Cirrhosis is a difficulty of liver disease which involves loss of liver cells and permanent scarring of the liver. Alcohol and viral hepatitis B and C are general causes of cirrhosis, even though there are loads of other causes. Cirrhosis can cause weakness, hammering of appetite, easy stain, jaundice, burning, and weariness. Management of cirrhosis is considered to prevent advance damage to the liver, take care of difficulties of cirrhosis, and preventing or detecting liver cancer early on. Transplantation of the liver is an imperative alternative for treating patients with advanced cirrhosis. A good number of researchers studied the effects of some herbal remedies and found that some plants effectively helped improve patients suffering from cirrhosis of the liver. The available herbal remedies for cirrhosis that may be helpful in halting this disease progression usually have anti- inflammatory properties. It is critical that herbal remedies for cirrhosis should be used only by patients that have first consulted with a physician or other health care provider. REW-28 Herbal Therapy for Gynecological Disorders

Shweta Shriwas1, Raju Chouksey1, Sumeet Dwivedi2 1Department of Pharmacy, Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, 2Department of Pharmacognosy, Swami Vivekanand College of Pharmacy, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Shweta Shriwas, Department of Pharmacy, Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Gynecologic disorders are disorders that affect the female reproductive system. The most common symptoms of gynecologic disorders include pelvic pain, vaginal itching, vaginal discharge, abnormal vaginal bleeding, and breast pain. The significance of these symptoms often depends on the woman’s age because symptoms may be related to the hormonal changes that occur with aging. The chief disorders are associated with menstruation, leukorrhea, diseases connected to pregnancy and childbirth, prolapse of the uterus and infertility and frigidity. In modern system of medicine, the drugs often used in the treatment are estrogens, progestrogens, anabolic, and androgenic steroids. These drugs are effective but have a number of side effects such as nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, tenderness, and enlargement of breasts. Steroids may produce masculinization in females. In chronic cases, the treatment is obviously prolonged. The herbal system has a number of medicines that not only provide symptomatic relief but also attacks the root cause without any known side effects. Sexually transmitted infections are a major public health problem and are one of the most common causes of illness and even death in the world today. They have far reaching health, social and economic consequences, particularly in the developing world. The present paper review on the herbal therapy for the gynecological disorders. In the present communication, 23 herbs, namely Achyranthes aspera, Guizotia abyssinica, Trachyspermum ammi, Zingiber nummaralia, and Nigella sativa were discussed along with their ethnogynecological importance.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S153 REW-29 A Comprehensive Review on Nyctanthes arbortristis Linn

Kalindi Chauhan, Rakesh Solanki Department of Pharmaceutics, Mandsaur University, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Kalindi Chauhan, Department of Pharmaceutics, Mandsaur University, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Nyctanthes arbortristis is one among the foremost helpful ancient healthful plants in Asian country. It’s currently considered as a valuable source of many distinctive products for the medicines against numerous diseases and additionally for the event of some industrial product. The assorted elements of plant such as fruits, leaves, seeds, flowers, barks, and stem have vital phytochemicals and have some healthful importance for treatment and management of various disease states. This review explores the published scientific literature of nyctanthes arbortristis to compile the traditional and scientific information comprising pharmacognostic description, distribution, therapeutic uses, phytochemical constitution, and pharmacologic properties. Phytochemicals responsible for antimalarial, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, hepatoprotective, antifungal, antihistaminic, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities of night Jessamine and emphasizes the necessity for any exploring available data. REW-30 Enhanced Production of Plant Secondary Metabolites Through the Use of Biotic and Abiotic Elicitors: A Review

Rajiv Saxena1, Neelesh Malviya2 1Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, 2Mandsaur University, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Rajiv Saxena, Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Plants based medicines covers a major segment of Indian health-care system. People are using it to strive good health even in developed countries also. Therapeutic advantages and popularity had led to the growth of many industries involved in the manufacturing and processing of plant-derived formulations. These industries are entirely dependent on the supply of crude drug and phytochemicals. As a result, of which the burden on the availability of the resources is increasing tremendously. Apart from its supply stress the factors like climate change are putting extra burden on existence of rich medicinal plant due to which many rare and even common plant species are on the erg of extinction. Newer technological approaches can help to preserve the valuable plants, and also these methods can contribute in increasing the productivity of plants for phytochemicals in laboratory as well as in field conditions. Use of biotic and abiotic elicitors such as Lantharium, europium, calcium, silver, chitosan, guargum, pectin, alginate, and salicylic acid can enhance the production of various secondary metabolites by triggering the stress responses. Elicitor works by stimulating the plant immune responses that can lead to the generation of defensive molecules including phyoalexine that can have new or improved pharmacological activities.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S154 REW-31 Review on Toxicovigilance Study of Herbal Medicines

Neetu Pancholi1, Neetesh K. Jain2, Ankit Agrawal3 1Department of Pharmacology , Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, 2Department of Pharmacology, Oriental University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, 3 Department of Pharmacology, Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India

Address for correspondence: Neetu Pancholi, Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam University, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Herbal medicines are now in great demand in the developing world for primary health care not because they are inexpensive but also for better cultural acceptability, better compatibility with the human body, and minimal side effects. However, recent findings indicate that all herbal medicines may not be safe as severe consequences are reported for some herbal drugs. Most herbal products in the market today have not been subjected to drug approval process to demonstrate their safety and effectiveness. Thus, toxicovigilance can contribute for toxicological screening, quality control and regulation of herbal drugs including hazard identification and risk assessment by providing medically validated data which are often overlooked in the process of risk assessment. As pharmacist and researchers continue to explore the safety and effectiveness of herbal medicines, more is learned about both their promises and pitfalls. At the same time, legislators at the national level should continue to press for effective laws to protect consumers from potentially harmful herbal drugs.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics Seminar Abstract Book • Special Issue 2018 | S155