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A New Species of Pygmy Alligator Lizard (Squamata: Anguidae) from Nuevo Leo´N, Me´Xico

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A New Species of Pygmy Alligator Lizard (Squamata: Anguidae) from Nuevo Leo´N, Me´Xico Journal of Herpetology, Vol. 51, No. 2, 223–226, 2017 Copyright 2017 Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles A New Species of Pygmy Alligator Lizard (Squamata: Anguidae) from Nuevo Leo´n, Me´xico 1,2 1 3 JAVIER BANDA-LEAL, MANUEL NEVA´ REZ-DE LOS REYES, AND ROBERT W. BRYSON,JR. 1Laboratorio de Herpetologı´a, Facultad de Ciencias Biolo´gicas, Universidad Auto´noma de Nuevo Leo´n, San Nicola´s de los Garza, Nuevo Leo´n, Me´xico 3Department of Biology and Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA ABSTRACT.—We describe a new species of smooth-scaled anguid from arid northern foothills of the Sierra Madre Oriental in Nuevo Leo´n, Me´xico. This new species is similar to the other smooth-scaled gerrhonotines: Gerrhonotus lugoi McCoy, 1970, from the Cuatrocie´negas Basin of Coahuila; G. parvus Knight and Scudday, 1985, from the Sierra Madre Oriental in Nuevo Leo´n; and G. farri Bryson and Graham, 2010, from the Sierra Madre Oriental in Tamaulipas. It differs from these species in several important morphological characters, including number of postrostral scales, postoculars, postmentals, sublabials, and dorsal and ventral scale rows. It also is the only known anguid to possess three postmentals and a novel azygous scale between the postmentals and the gular shields. RESUMEN.—Se describe una nueva especie de anguido de escamas lisas de zona a´rida en las faldas del norte de la Sierra Madre Oriental en Nuevo Leo´n, Me´xico. Esta nueva especie es similar a otros gerrhono´tidos de escamas lisas como Gerrhonotus lugoi McCoy, 1970, del Valle de Cuatrocie´negas en Coahuila, G. parvus Knight and Scudday, 1985, de la Sierra Madre Oriental en Nuevo Leo´nyG. farri Bryson and Graham, 2010, de la Sierra Madre Oriental en Tamaulipas. Se diferencia de estas especies en un nu´mero importante de caracteres morfolo´gicos, incluyendo el nu´mero de escamas postrostrales, postoculares, postmentales, sublabiales y en las hileras de escamas dorsales y ventrales. Tambie´n es el u´nico anguido conocido que poseer tres postmentales y una escama entre el postmentales y escudos gulares. The lizard family Anguidae is broadly distributed across the the body and tail were made with a digital vernier caliper, and Northern Hemisphere (Vitt and Caldwell, 2009). Seven genera scale counts were made through a dissecting microscope. We and 44 species of anguids are found in Me´xico (Uetz, 2016). The made color descriptions of the specimen from the specimen in genus Gerrhonotus Wiegmann, 1828, is comprised of six species life and after preservation. We determined the coordinates and (Bryson and Graham, 2010; Uetz, 2016), including three elevation of the type locality with a handheld global positioning relatively wide-ranging species (G. infernalis Baird, 1859; G. system unit by the collectors. Comparative material used for liocephalus Wiegmann, 1828; and G. ophiurus Cope, 1867) and scale counts and measurements are noted in Appendix 1; data three narrow-range endemics (G. farri Bryson and Graham, also were included from McCoy (1970) and Knight and Scudday 2010; G. lugoi McCoy, 1970; and G. parvus Knight and Scudday, (1985) for type specimens of G. lugoi and G. parvus and from 1985). Gerrhonotus farri, G. lugoi, and G. parvus are unique Garcı´a-Va´zquez et al. (2017) for a new record of G. lugoi east of among Gerrhonotus in that they all share a miniaturized body the Cuatrocie´negas Basin. plan and smooth, glossy dorsal scales; however, various researchers have placed some of these species in different GERRHONOTUS LAZCANOI SP. NOV. genera, including Barisia Gray, 1838 (Waddick and Smith, 1974; FIGURES 1–2, TABLE 1 Smith, 1986) and Elgaria Gray, 1838 (Smith, 1986; Good, 1988). Recent studies based on molecular data strongly support a close Holotype.—Juvenile male (UANL 7273; Fig. 1), collected by relationship between G. parvus and the related species G. Manuel Neva´rez de los Reyes on 3 July 2010, 4.4 km east of infernalis and G. liocephalus (Conroy et al., 2005). Molecular data Rinconada, Municipality of Garcı´a, Nuevo Leo´n, Me´xico are still lacking for G. farri and G. lugoi. (25.674618, -100.672888, WGS84; 1,144-m elevation). During fieldwork carried out by researchers from the Diagnosis.—Gerrhonotus lazcanoi is a relatively small anguid Universidad Auto´noma de Nuevo Leo´n, a juvenile lizard of with smooth dorsal scales, three postmentals, an azygous scale an undescribed species of smooth-scaled anguid was collected between the postmentals and the gular shields, and a along the northern foothills of the Sierra Madre Oriental in the postrostral scale. It is most similar in appearance to G. farri, municipality of Garcı´a, Nuevo Leo´n. In 2010, we made 20 more G. lugoi,andG. parvus. These four species are distinguished trips to the area in an attempt to find more specimens. Despite from other Gerrhonotus, and all other gerrhonotines (except these repeated attempts, no new specimens were found. Coloptychon rhombifer), by the lack of keeling on the scales in Because the single juvenile that was collected is distinctly both juveniles and adults, giving the dorsal surface of the body different from other described anguids, here we describe this a glossy appearance. The only known specimen of G. lazcanoi new species and compare it to other smooth-scaled Gerrhonotus. also has three postmental scales and a single large azygous scale between the postmentals and gular shields (Fig. 2), neither of which have been reported previously in any other MATERIALS AND METHODS gerrhonotines (Good, 1988). Gerrhonotus lazcanoi can be further Procedures for scale counts and descriptions of external distinguished from other smooth-scaled species by several morphological features follow Good (1988). Measurements of differences in the scalation of the face and body. Gerrhonotus lazcanoi has a postrostral scale present (absent in G. farri, G. 2Corresponding Author. E-mail: [email protected] lugoi,andG. parvus), four postoculars (two–three in G. farri and DOI: 10.1670/15-168 G. lugoi, three in G. parvus), nine sublabial scales (G. farri and 224 J. BANDA-LEAL ET AL. TABLE 1. Selected morphological characteristics for the three smooth- scaled species of Gerrhonotus from northeastern Me´xico. See Appendix 1 for list of all specimens examined. Data for G. lugoi and G. parvus also include measurements and scale counts of type specimens in McCoy (1970) and Knight and Scudday (1985), and a new record of G. lugoi east of the Cuatrocie´negas Basin in Garcı´a-Va´zquez et al. (2016). G. lazcanoi G. lugoi G. farri G. parvus Snout–vent length 39.9 103.4 109.0 76.5 (maximum) Rostral–nasal contact? No No No Yes Scale between Yes No No No postmentals and chin shields present? Postrostral present? Yes No No No Postmental 3 2 2 2 FIG.1. Gerrhonotus lazcanoi sp.nov.(holotype,UANL7273), Supranasal contact? No No No Yes specimen in life. Cantholoreal present? No No No Yes Anterior internasals Yes Yes Yes No present? G. lugoi have six, G. parvus has seven), 20 rows of longitudinal Preoculars 2 1–3 1 Absent dorsal scales (G. lugoi has 18–19, G. parvus 16, and G. farri 14), Postoculars 4 2–3 2–3 3 and 15 longitudinal ventral scale rows (G. lugoi has 14, G. Suboculars 3 3 2 3 parvus and G. farri have 12). Gerrhonotus lazcanoi shares with G. Sublabials 9 6 6 7 Primary temporals 5 5 4 4 Transverse dorsal scale 56 52–56 53 59 rows Longitudinal dorsal scale 20 18–19 14 16 rows Transverse ventral scale 65 65 60 60 rows Longitudinal ventral 15 14 12 12 scale rows lugoi two preoculars, five primary temporal scales, and 65 transverse ventral rows. Description of Holotype (measurements in mm).—Snout-to-vent length, 39.9; width of body, 7.2; width of base of tail, 2.8; width of head, 6.6; length of head (from anterior margin of ear to tip of snout), 9.4; length of rostral (from anterior region of eye to tip of snout), 3.3; depth of head (at widest point), 7.6; orbital diameter, 2.7; axil to base of thigh, right, 21.8 and left, 20.1; length of arm, right, 3.4 and left, 3.4; length of tibia, right, 5.0 and left, 5.1; longest finger of anterior limb, 2.2; longest finger of posterior leg, 3.1; tail length (complete), 48.2. Relatively large head (Fig. 3), wider than the neck, especially between the anterior auricular region and postocular region. Head scales smooth and glossy. Postrostral present; anterior internasals 1/1; supranasals 1/1; posterior internasals 1/1; primary temporals 5/5, first and second in contact with fifth supraocular; secondary temporals 5/5; preoculars 2/2, upper- most in contact with superciliaries; postoculars 4/4; suboculars 3/3; anterior as long as where two posteriors meet; super- ciliaries 6/6; loreals 2/2; canthals 2/2; postnasals 2/2; large frontonasal, twice wider than long and separated from frontal by two prefrontals in contact; supralabials 15/14; infralabials 12/12; 3 postmentals, with single, azygous scale between the postmentals and chinshields; sublabials 9/9, in contact with postmental; chinshields 5/5. Body slender and elongated with small limbs; posterior limbs slightly more robust than anterior. Lateral fold consists of numerous granular scales that do not form diagonal rows. Transverse dorsal scales in 56 rows, longitudinal 20; transverse ventral scales in 65 rows, longitudinal 15. Forelimbs covered by FIG.2. Gerrhonotus lazcanoi sp. nov. (holotype, UANL 7273), dorsal, lateral, and ventral views of head. Postmental scales numbered; large scales dorsally, becoming up to four times smaller differentiated, azygous scale between postmentals and gular shields ventrally.
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