The Baltic Sea: “Common Sea – Common Concern”

St.Petersburg – the City of Rivers and Canals

St.Petersburg is the second largest city in the Russian Federation

Its population is ca. 5 million people

City area is 1,439 km2

City main waterway is the Neva River

Total length of city rivers is 282 km

St.Petersburg is located on 42 islands SUE “Vodokanal of St.Petersburg”

SUE “Vodokanal of St.Petersburg” provides potable water to 5 mln. inhabitants as well as dozens of thousands of companies and organizations of the city. Vodokanal is also responsible for the St.Petersburg sanitation – wastewater collection, transportation and treatment. Vodokanal’s history began in 1858. The history of the city centralized water supply goes back to 10 October, 1858, when the Charter of “St.Petersburg Water Pipelines Joint-Stock Company” was approved by the Russian Emperor Alexander II.

Mission of “Vodokanal of St.Petersburg” is – provision of water supply and sanitation services, ensuring adequate customers life quality, city’s sustainable development, water consumption culture formation and preservation of the Baltic Sea basin.

Objective: St.Petersburg citizens satisfaction with water supply and sanitation services subject to the growing quality demand and at the level of best European water utilities. Vodokanal informational policy is based on :  Company transparent activity,  Access to verified and true information regarding company operation and history,  Active interactions with mass media and educational, public and environmental institutions.

St.Petersburg Wastewater Disposal System

DAILY AVERAGE EFFLUENT VOLUME – 2.18 MIO. M3/DAY Zelenogorsk WWTP SEWER NETWORK LENGTH – 8,240.6 KM Molodezhnoe LWWTP Repino WWTP TUNNEL SEWERS– 256,8 KM SEWAGE PUMPING STATIONS– 141 Sestroretsk WWTP WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS (WWTP) – 13 SLUDGE INCINERATION PLANTS– 3 Kronstadt WWTP Northern WWTP

Central WWTP Petrodvorets WWTP

Metallostroy WWTP SWTP Pontonny WWTP

Kolpino WWTP Pushkin WWTP Meeting HELCOM Recommendation 28E/5 Wastewater treatment

Helsinki Commission (HELCOM) initiated the Our goal is TO TREAT implementation of the Baltic Sea Region Environmental WASTEWATER in compliance with Policy by developing: HELCOM • common environmental goals; recommendations • activities to obtain these goals. Effluent parameters Recommendation St.Petersburg 28Е/5 2013 Total nitrogen

mg/l 10 9.8 Total phosphorus

mg/l 0.5 0.35

“Hot Spots” of the Baltic Sea

132 hot spots SUE HELCOM member “Vodokanal of states SUE SUE “Vodokanal “Vodokanal of St. of St. St. Petersburg” Petersburg” Petersburg” Russia 18 hot spots

St. Petersburg 6 hot spots 1 hot spot 1 hot spot including 2 hot sub-spots: SUE including 3 hot sub- “Vodokanal of St. Petersburg” 1 hot spot spots: • Metallostroy WWTP; including 10 hot sub-spot • Kolpino WWTP; • Metallostroy WWTP; • Kolpino WWTP; 4 hot spots • Northern Tunnel including 19 hot sub-spots Collector

Wastewater Treatment Volume Increase

Abstract from the speech of V.V. Putin, Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, made during his working visit to the Republic of Finland, at the Baltic Sea Action Summit in 2010:

“….we have been taking successive steps to implement large-scale reconstruction and development of water supply and sanitation systems in the Baltic Sea Region. ….by 2015, the level of treatment of St.Petersburg and suburban wastewater will Northern reach 98% as specified by HELCOM requirements”. Tunnel Collector completion, Direct URS-422 discharges commissioning, closure on direct Pirogovkaya discharges embankment, closure on Snow-melting Robespierre Petrodvorets plants start-up Embankment WWTP commissioning & connection NTC 2 stage of small commissioning WWTPs

NTC 1 stage commissioning 20132013 г SWWTP Start-up 2012 2011 NWWTP Start-up 2009 CWWTP Start-up 2008

20052005 г 19871987 г

before 1978 19781978 г Reduction of Nutrients Load on Water Bodies

Construction of new wastewater Improvement of technologies treatment plants

Upgrading of biological treatment plants Molodezhnoe WWTP – by 2015 SWTP – in 2005

Kreal technology since 1999 UCT and JHB technologies since 2005 Reconstruction of existing wastewater Introduction of chemical phosphorus removal at treatment plants all wastewater treatment plants Kolpino and Pontonny WWTPs in 2015 Petrodvorets WWTP in 2011 Repino WWTP in 2008 Pushkin WWTP in 2006 Sestroretsk WWTP in 2004

South-West Wastewater Treatment Plant

Design data: Commissioned • capacity – 330,000 m3/d; on 22 September • sludge utilization – cake incineration in furnaces and 2005 disposal of ash at landfills.

Modern technologies and equipment were used at the plant: • Enhanced phosphorus and nitrogen removal in the biological treatment stage;

• All processed are fully automated;

• UV treatment of the effluent.

2008-2009 – upgrading of the plant subject to the hardening of wastewater treatment requirements : • Implementation of the combined chemical and biological phosphorus removal together with the stationary iron sulfate dosing system. • Installation of on-line monitoring devices at biological treatment stage. Northern Tunnel Collector Construction

Completion of the construction in October 2013 Main tunnels length – two lines, 12.2 km each Diameter – 4 m Depth – 40-90 m 64 shafts, 10 – 80 m deep 8 microtunnels, total length - 7.6 km Stagewise commissioning since 2008. Outcome – treatment of 98.4% of the city wastewater

Phosphorus and Nitrogen Removal

Enhanced phosphorus removal technologies are implemented at all wastewater treatment plants in St. Petersburg.

Since 2011, St. Petersburg fully complies with the HELCOM recommendations: Phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations in the treated effluent do not exceed 0,5 mg/l and 10 mg/l, respectively.

Upcoming trends in the protection of the Baltic Sea basin

Eliminate the discharge of Removal of microplastics from Effluent disinfection hazardous substances wastewater containing in the treated effluent Microplastics - polyester and acrylic In accordance with SanPiN 2.1.5.2582- 10, effluent shall be disinfected before Objective – elimination of discharges, particles less than 5 µm. being discharged into water bodies to: emissions and losses of hazardous 1 article of clothing disengages up to •prevent bacterial and virus contamination substances. 1,900 fibers of microplastics in the of water bodies; Measures to achieve the objective: wash. •ensure epidemiologic safety of water •monitoring of hazardous substances; Microplastics endanger the bodies; •environmental risks assessment; environment — after wastewater •keep stable conditions for all kinds of •development and implementation of treatment they enter sea water, do not decompose and become a part of food recreational use of water. activities to reduce the load on the Baltic Sea. chains for various living organisms.

BASE Project – Screening of pharmaceutical products in the effluent. Ос… 100%

65% Ос… Diclofenac Ос… 19%

Ос… 15% Ethinyl estradiol Ос… 10%

Selection and Selection and Implementation of implementation of new implementation of effluent disinfection treatment stages at all tertiary treatment at all system at all wastewater wastewater treatment wastewater treatment treatment plants plants plants Blue-Green Algae in the Baltic Sea

The Gulf of Finland is free from eutrophication

This photo by NASA was ordered by the Swedish Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology.

It was presented at the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) seminar (August 2011, Stockholm).

Energy Efficiency of Sludge Incineration Plants (electric energy)

Turbogenerator at SWTP Turbogenerator at Northern WWTP Turbogenerator at SWTP

Electric energy produced by turbogenerators at SIPs and used for the Economic effect from the use of electric energy produced in the course of needs of the Company sludge incineration 000’kWh 000’RUBтыс.руб. Основной Основной Основной Основной Основной Основной Основной Основной Основной Основной Основной Основной Основной Основной Основной ОсновнойОсновной Основной Основной Основной Основной Основной Основной Основной Основной Основной 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 прогноз прогноз Consumption of the purchased electric energy reduced in total by The overall economic impact from the production of electric energy at SIPs accounted for MRUB 70,4. 38,2 Mio. kWh due to the installation of turbogeneratros at SIPs. Energy Consumption of Wastewater Facilities

Dependence of energy consumption of wastewater facilities from the implementation of activities targeted to the development of wastewater system, 000’kWh/000’m3 Основной

Энергоемкость фактическая, Основной тыс.кВт/тыс. м3

Основной Энергоемкость без учета Основной мероприятий по энергоэффективности, тыс. кВт/тыс.м3 Основной Энергоемкость без новых технологий, тыс. кВт/тыс. м3 Основной

Основной

Main energy-saving measures: Energy intensive projects to improve wastewater treatment Reconstruction of the plants and installation of energy efficient quality: equipment Commissioning of up-to-date wastewater treatment plants (SWTP), Upgrading of biological treatment together with the introduction of Commissioning of sludge incineration plants at the Northern WWTP anoxic zones at aeration tanks (saving of electric energy used for and SWTP, treatment process) Implementation of UV disinfection at SWTP and WWTPs in Production of own energy at sludge incineration plants Petrodvorets, Repino, Sestroretsk, Energy surveys and introduction of energy management system Introduction of chemical dosing system at all wastewater treatment Introduction of electric power fiscal metering system at the Company’s plants to remove phosphorus from wastewater. facilities Sludge Incineration Plants

St.Petersburg is the first city to solve the wastewater sludge utilization problem. Vodokanal has 3 sludge incineration plants.

Plant at CWWTP – 1997

 100% utilization of dewatered sludge;  Sludge incineration with ash formation, tenfold reduction of sludge volume;  Commercial use of ash is possible;  No pathogens or unpleasant odor in the ash;

Plant at SWTP – 2007  Concentrations of hazardous substances in the cleaned flue gases produced by sludge incineration fully comply with the standards of the Russian Federation and EU  Flue gas heat recovery for hot water supply and space heating;  Steam utilization. Electricity production is possible.

Plant at NWWTP – 2007 Treatment of Wastewater Sludge Stored at Landfills

Geotube technology

Volkhonka-2 Landfill Reclamation of lands formerly used for sludge storage

Reduction of negative impact on the environment

- Stabilization Safe artificial soil for enrichment and fixing of soils, railway slopes and - Disinfection auto-roads

Severny Landfill - Deodoration

- Binding of heavy metals 30% of the territory - waste 50% of the territory – from wastewater treatment forest plants - Flocculation

20% of the territory – production of the artificial soil Soils from substrate produced by geotubes

The State Programme “Researches and developments The State Contract no.16.525.11.5012 “Development in top-priority areas of the science and technological of the technology for the production of materials sector of Russia for 2007 – 2013” from wastewater sludge of municipal utilities”

Soils application:

Mobile process plant for soils preparation Construction of a two-level road interchange requires in total 15,000 m3 of soil. ECOLOGICAL STATUS OF THE UNIFIED SYSTEM OF THE NORTH-WEST FEDERAL DISTRICT “ONEGA LAKE, ILMEN LAKE - LADOGA LAKE - NEVA RIVER - BALTIC the area of river water pollution SEA”ЦЗ Питкяранта

the area of sustainable pollution and environmental risk, the main ship channel, Finland confluences of major rivers and small Медвежьегорск polluted tributaries, point pollution sources, discharging wastewater directly to the Ladoga Lake Кондопога Karelia Water sampling points where the level of Сортавала microbiological pollution exceeds Питкяранта Лахденпохья maximum permissible concentrations Петрозаводск Rising number of eutrophication is observed in Приозерск the coastal area of the Ladoga Lake during last three years, which is mainly caused by cyanobacteria. Сясьский ЦБК Новая Ладога Organic compounds content in the Neva River headstream is increasing, mainly during the Leningrad winter period. Region Vologda Region Microbiological pollution level exceeding is constantly recorded along all the Neva River stream in the Leningrad Region.

Novgorod река Нева Pskov Region Anthropogenic Region impact levels on NFD water bodies (acc. to impact degree from less to foremost deleterious

Unified water system area

The Neva River is the only water supply source of St.Petersburg. Being the pre-final part of the North-West Federal district unified system “Onega Lake, Ilmen Lake – Ladoga Lake – Neva River – Baltic Sea” it carries all the anthropogenic burden of upstream pollutants. ECOLOGICAL STATUS OF THE UNIFIED SYSTEM OF THE NORTH-WEST FEDERAL DISTRICT “ONEGA LAKE, ILMEN LAKE - LADOGA LAKE - NEVA RIVER - BALTIC

Contaminations from Lake Ilmen, especially during the SEA” spring flood, make a significant adverse impact on the Ladoga state. During the flood-recession, accumulated domestic, construction and other waste is transported by melt water into the lake, where due to shallow depths, frequent strong winds it goes up from the bottom and flows into the Volkhov River and then a part of is transported by the Volkhov River water into the Volkhov Bay of the Ladoga and then into the Neva River. Combination of natural and anthropogenic factors creates the conditions when the Volkhov River, whose water has higher colors 100-200 grades, plays the leading role in entering lots of chemicals into the Neva River.

The observation results: In 2013, the number of days when the color >40 grades and the permanganate demand >10 mg/l increased more than twice, compared to 2011.

Image made by Landsat-5 Satellite : Lake Ilmen area, 11 May 2011. White color – water surface at a level of 17.1 m of the Baltic System (BS), black color – water surface at 21.45 m of BS. Commitment of SUE “Vodokanal of St. Petersburg”

The Baltic Sea is a part of the integrated aquatic system of the White Sea – Onega Lake, Ilmen Lake – Ladoga Lake – Neva – Gulf of Finland, which is located at the territory of the North- Western Federal District.

Within the programme for the reduction of negative impact on the Baltic Sea Region SUE “Vodokanal of St. Petersburg” commits to:

1. Participate in making surveys of the territories to identify sources of negative impact on water bodies:

• discharges of untreated or poorly treated municipal wastewater, • discharges of untreated industrial wastewater, • no efficient recycling of waste (manure) from animal and poultry farms.

2. Based on survey results, identify top-priority sites with a need for improvement.

3. Involve partners who have effective process solutions tested by SUE “Vodokanal of St.Petersburg”.

4. Give recommendations for implementation of efficient activities and mechanisms to attract investments.

Rehabilitation Station for Pinnipeds

• The Rehabilitation Centre for Pinnipeds is open at the premises of Vodokanal’s wastewater treatment plant. • The work began in 2013, when rehabilitation was provided to 5 baby seals. After rehabilitation all of them were released into the wild. • In 2014, 28 baby seals became the patients of the Centre: 22 grey Baltic seals and 6 Baltic ringed seals. • This project was supported by the Public Council dedicated to the Gulf of Finland Year, co- chairpersons of which are the governors of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region • The Rehabilitation Station for Pinnipeds is a logic continuation of Vodokanal activities for the Baltic Sea protection. Thank You for Your Attention!