Hellenic Plant Protection Journal 5:27 -29, 2012

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First record of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (: Noctuidae), on the oil-bearing rose, Rosa damascena Miller, in Turkey

0. Demirozer

Summary The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, was recorded for the first time on the oil-be- aring rose, Rosa damascena, at Isparta and Burdur, Turkey in May 2010. Cotton bollworm was found to cause damages not only on oil-rose plants in the field but also on dried rose petals in rose oil factori- es. As H. armigera is a cosmopolitan pest, the potential risk posed to the oil-bearing rose crop should be considered.

Additional keywords: Helicoverpa armigera, Rosa damascena, pest, Turkey

The oil-bearing rose (Rosa damascena Miller) ditionally, groundnut, okra, peas, field be- (R. gallica L. and R. phoenicia Boiss hybrid) is ans, soybeans, lucerne, Phaseolus spp., to- an important aromatic plant providing vol- bacco, potatoes, maize, flax, Dianthus spp., atile oils which are used for the production Rosa spp., Pelargonium spp., Chrysanthe- of medicines, perfumes, cosmetics and oth- mum spp., a number of fruit trees and forest er aromatherapy products. Itis cultivated trees could also be potential hosts for H. ar- as an agricultural crop in various countries migera (7, 9, 15). of the northern hemisphere such as Bulgar- Many are considered pests for R. ia, , Egypt, France, India, , Morocco damascena. In Bulgaria, Nikolova reported and Turkey. Among these countries, Turkey 14 specific and 56 polyphagous species in and Bulgaria are the largest producers of Kazanlika (11, 12, 13, 14) and Natskova recor- this crop all over the world. The annual pro- ded 9 aphid species in Sophia (10). In Ispar- duction of oil-bearing rose is approximately ta-Turkey, two armoured scale insects were 1.5-2 tons and 1-1.5 tons in Turkey and Bul- recorded for the first time in 2009 increasing garia respectively (2, 8, 16). the number of pests on R. damascena to 25 Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner, 1808) (Le- (1, 5). pidoptera: Noctuidae)isa cosmopolitan In 2011, Demirozer and Karaca conduct- pest with a wide host plant range of more ed a comprehensive survey of than 200 species. It is a polyphagous pest in oil-bearing rose orchards in Isparta, the and many of its host plants are economical- results of which bring the total number of ly important crops in Africa, Asia, Oceania phytophagous arthropods to 62 species. and Europe (6). Among other crops, tomato, However, only three species of have cotton, pigeon pea, chickpea, sorghum and been recorded as pests on oil-bearing rose cowpea are the most important hosts. Ad- in Turkey: rosaecolana (Double- day), Archips rosana (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tor- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, tricidae) and Cnaemidophorus rhododactyla Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey (Denis & Schiffermuller) (Lepidoptera: Ptero- Present address: North Florida Research and Education Center, 32351 Quincy, Florida, USA phoridae) (1, 3, 4). e-mail: [email protected] The present study is a first record of in-

Benaki Phytopathological Institute 28 Demir6zer festations by H. armigera on flowers of R. personal use and the feeding activity of the damascena in Aglasun-Burdur and Atabey- pest affected their value. As H. armigera is a Isparta, Turkey (Figures 1, 2). During May and pest having world-wide distribution, the oil- June 2010, 53 oil-bearing rose orchards were bearing rose growers and agricultural advi- inspected and four of them were found in- sers need to be alerted and the potential risk fested. Larvae of H. armigera were collec- posed to the oil-bearing rose crop should be ted from flowers of R. damascena in differ- considered. ent localities, which are listed in Table 1. All the collected specimens were moved into a growth chamber at 26±1°C and 60% relati- ve humidity and fed daily with fresh oil-be- I would like to thank Dr Alberto Zilli (Muse- aring rose flowers. Both laboratory and field um of Zoology, Rome, Italy) for identification observations have displayed that the pest of Cotton Bollworm. Special thanks to Dr Ser- attacks principally carpels and stamens and kan Boyar (Suleyman Demirel University, Fac- less petals. Furthermore, H. armigera larvae ulty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultur- were observed feeding on dried rose pe- al Machinery, Isparta, Turkey) for his contribu- tals located on drying racks in rose oil facto- tions in this study. And another special thanks ries. These rose petals were being dried for to Kara Tyler Julian (University of Florida, IFAS- North Florida Research and Education Center, Quincy, Florida-USA) for language assistance.

Figure 1. Flower of Rosa damascena, Turkey, Isparta, damaged Figure 2. Larva of Helicoverpa armigera on rose petals of Rosa by Helicoverpa armigera. damascena.

Table 1. Regions, collection period and number of Helicoverpa armigera specimens collect- ed on Rosa damascena in Turkey.

Number Region Coordinates Altitude Collection period of Specimens

Isparta-Atabey N 37° 36' 7.2" 990m 13May, 2010 2 (Onac district) E 30° 30' 36" 19 May, 2010 6 Isparta-Atabey N 37° 46' 46.1" 1030m 28 May, 2010 3 (Onac district) E 30° 27' 36.1" 4 June, 2010 4 Burdur-Aglasun N 37° 55' 59.52" 1100m 22 May, 2010 5 (Kiprit village) E 30° 38' 22.56" Burdur-Aglasun N 37° 39' 35.9" 1093m 29 May, 2010 6 (City Center) E 30° 31' 26.8"

Benaki Phytopathological Institute Helicoverpa armigera on the oil-bearing rose in Turkey 29

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Hellenic Plant Protection Journal 5:27 -29, 2012

Benaki Phytopathological Institute