Title Hybrid capture data unravel a rapid radiation of pimpliform wasps (: : Pimpliformes)

Authors Klopfstein, S; Langille, B; Spasojevic, T; Broad, G; Cooper, SJB; Austin, AD; Niehuis, O

Date Submitted 2020-09-01 Supplementary File S8. Parasitoid strategies of included taxa. From Klopfstein et al. - Hybrid capture data unravels a rapid radiation of pimpliform parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimpliformes). Systematic Entomology.

Taxon Idio/Koino Ecto/Endo #RefsGenus #RefsSubfam Aca_Arotes_moiwanus 1 1 0 1 Aca_Coleocentrus_excitator - - 0 0 Aca_Jezarotes_tamanukii 1 1 0 1 Aca_Spilopteron_occiputale 1 1 0 1 Aca_Yezoceryx_sp 1 1 0 1 Ano_Heteropelma_amictum 1 1 4 ~20 Ban_Apophua_evanescens 1 1 1 >20 Cam_Campoplex_capitator 1 1 11 >30 Cam_Hyposoter_didymator 1 1 21 >30 Col_Collyria_trichophthalma 1 1 2 2 Cre_Dimophora_kentmartini 1 1 0 ~20 Cry_Buathra_laborator 0 0 0 - Cte_Xenoschesis_polycinetis 1 1 0 ~20 Cyl_Cylloceria_melancholica 1 1 2 2 Cyl_CylloceriaB_cf_caligata 1 1 2 2 Dia_Diacritus_aciculatus - - 0 0 Dia_DiacritusB_aciculatus - - 0 0 Dip_Homotropus_frontorius 1 1 1 15 Dip_Sussaba_cognata 1 1 0 15 Dip_Syrphophilus_tricinctorius_hybEnr 1 1 2 15 Dip_Syrphophilus_tricinctorius 1 1 2 15 Dip_Tymmophorus_suspiciosus 1 1 0 15 Alo_Alomya_debellator 1 1 1 4 Ich_Ichneumon_albiger 0 1 20 >60 Lab_Poecilocryptus_cf_nigromaculatus 0 0 0 3 Mes_Astiphromma_sp 1 1 0 5 Met_Colpotrochia_cincta 1 1 0 6 Oph_Leptophion_anici 1 1 5 9 Ort_Hemiphanes_erratum - - 0 ? Ort_Hemiphanes_performidatum - - 0 ? Ort_Eusterinx_oligomera 1 1 0 2 Ort_Megastylus_flavopictus 1 1 0 2 Ort_Neurateles_sp 1 1 0 2 Ort_Orthocentrus_sp 1 1 1 2 Ort_Picrostigeus_debilis 1 1 0 2 Ort_Plectiscidea_cf_tenuicornis 1 1 1 2 Ort_Proclitus_nr_praetor 1 1 1 2 Pim_Amazopimpla_sp 0 0 0 >60 Pim_Anastelgis_sp 0 0 0 >60 Pim_Camptotypus_sp 0 0 1 >60 Pim_Dolichomitus_imperator 0 0 4 >60 Pim_Dolichomitus_quercicolus 0 0 4 >60 Pim_Flavopimpla_nigromaculata 0 0 0 >60 Pim_Liotryphon_cf_punctulatus 0 0 3 >60 Pim_Zonopimpla_sp 0 0 0 >60 Pim_Acrodactyla_degener 1 0 5 ~20 Pim_Piogaster_pilosator 1 0 0 ~20 Pim_Polysphincta_tuberosa 1 0 3 ~20 Pim_Reclinervellus_nielseni 1 0 4 ~20 Pim_Schizopyga_frigida 1 0 2 ~20 Pim_Zatypota_percontatoria 1 0 9 ~20 Pim_Apechthis_compunctor 0 1 2 ~40 Pim_Echthromorpha_intricatoria 0 1 1 ~40 Pim_Pimpla_flavicoxis 0 1 17 ~40 Pim_Pimpla_rufipes 0 1 17 ~40 Pim_Atractogaster_semisculptus 0 0 0 4 Pim_Delomerista_mandibularis 0 0 1 4 Pim_Perithous_scurra 0 0 3 4 Pim_Nomosphecia_pyramida 0 ? 1 6 Pim_Parema_nigrobalteata 0 ? 1 6 Pim_Theronia_hilaris 0 ? 4 6 Pim_Xanthopimpla_varimaculata 0 1 7 7 Poe_Cnastis_vulgaris 0 0 0 3 Poe_Deuteroxorides_elevator 0 0 0 3 Poe_Eugalta_cf_strigosa 0 0 0 3 Poe_Poemenia_brachyura 0 0 1 3 Poe_Pseudorhyssa_nigricornis 0 0 2 2

Rhy_Epirhyssa_sp 0 0 0 8 Rhy_Rhyssa_amoena 0 0 7 8 Rhy_Triancyra_galloisi 0 0 0 8 Ter_Diaparsis_sp 1 1 3 5 Try_Netelia_sp 1 0 2 8 Try_Netelia_cf_melanura 1 0 2 8 Xor_Xorides_praecatorius 0 0 3 3 Hybrid capture data unravels a rapid radiation of pimpliform parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimpliformes). Systematic Entomology.

Host order Col Col (Hym) Col Col Col Lep Lep Lep Lep Hym Lep Lep Hym Dip Dip - - Dip Dip Dip Dip Dip Lep Lep Dip Hym Lep Lep Dip Dip Dip Dip Dip Dip - Dip Dip - - Lep, Hym Col Col Col, Lep Col, Lep, Hym - Ara Ara Ara Ara Ara Ara Lep Lep Lep Lep Col, Lep Col, Dip, Lep Col, Hym, Lep Hym - Hym, Lep Hym, Lep Col Col Col Col, Hym Hym

Hym? Hym Col? Col, Hym Hym, Lep Hym, Lep Col Hybrid capture data unravels a rapid radiation of pimpliform parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Pimpliformes). Systematic Entomology.

Notes There are two reliable references describing the biology of members of as koinobiont endoparasitoids (Shaw & Wahl 1989, Schwarz 2002), specifically the species Acaenitus dubitator and Leptacoenites notabilis. Both are from the former tribe Acaenitini, and we extrapolated this biology for the other genera of this -group. No reliable records exist for the other genus-group, and we thus left the entry for excitator empty.

All Anomaloninae for which data exists are koinobiont endoparasitoids. All Banchinae for which data exists are koinobiont endoparasitoids. All Campopleginae for which reliable data exist are koinobiont endoparasitoids.

Collyria has been recorded exclusively as a koinobiont endoparasitoid on Cephidae sawflies All Cremastinae for which data exists are koinobiont endoparasitoids. Members of the large and diverse subfamily Cryptinae are mostly idiobiont ectoparasitoids, but there are also some records of certain species being endoparasitoids. Buathra Alltarsoleuca Ctenopelmatinae (Schrank) for has which been data shown exists to act are as koinobiont an idiobiont endoparasitoids. ectoparasitoid and cleptoparasite (eating the prey of its host, a sphecid wasp, Casiraghi et al. 2001). There are reliable rearing records of Cylloceria as an endoparasitoid of Tipulidae (Diptera).

No biological observation on Diacritus are available, nor on the other two genera included in Diacritinae.

All Diplazontinae for which data exists are koinobiont endoparasitoids.

All Alomyinae for which data exists are koinobiont endoparasitoids. Ichneumoninae are all endoparasitoids, but include both idiobiont and koinobiont taxa. All Labeninae for which data exists are idiobiont ectoparasitoids. All Mesochorinae for which data exists are koinobiont endoparasitoids (as hyperparasitoids). All Metopiinae for which data exists are koinobiont endoparasitoids. All Ophioninae for which reliable data exists are koinobiont endoparasitoids. Hemiphanes has been reared from fungus from which also some Mycetophilidae (Diptera) emerged (Sedyvic & Sevcik 2003). However, it is uncertain if they really were the hosts, and the parasitation mode remains unknown. The Orthocentrinae are assumed to all be koinobiont endoparasitoids of Keroplatidae, Mycetophilidae and Sciaridae (Diptera), even though detailed host records are scarce.

The tribe Ephialtini (excluding the Polysphincta genus group) in Pimplinae contains idiobiont ectoparasitoids, with the exception of a few genera at the base of the Polysphincta- group not sampled here that have switched to parasitizing spider egg sacs, on which they act as kleptoparasites. The tribe Ephialtini (excluding the Polysphincta genus group) in Pimplinae contains idiobiont ectoparasitoids, with the exception of a few genera at the base of the Polysphincta- group not sampled here that have switched to parasitizing spider egg sacs, on which they act as kleptoparasites.

The Polysphincta genus group in the tribe Ephialtini in Pimplinae all act as ectoparasitic koinobionts of spiders.

The tribe Pimplini, here excluding the Theronia genus group, has been reported as idiobiont endoparasitoids, mostly of lepidopteran pupae.

The Delomeristini sensu Gauld et al. (2002) are idiobiont ectoparasitoids of Hymenoptera and Coleoptera

Members of the Theronia genus group have been reported as idiobiont ecto- or endoparasitoids (Gauld et al., 2002). It remains somewhat unclear if ecto- versus endoparasitoidism is fixed within genus, and even whether the reports of ectoparasitoidism in some species was based on direct observation or not (Broad et al. 2018). We thus coded the parasitism mode as idiobiont and unknown, respectively, for this group. The genus Xanthopimpla has been reported as an idiobiont endoparasitoid, mostly of lepidopteran pupae. The Poemeniinae have been reported as idiobiont ectoparasitoids mostly of woodboring Coleoptera or concealed aculeate larvae.

Pseudorhyssa species cleptoparasitise Rhyssinae, utilising the drill holes of the rhyssine, killing the rhyssine larva and acting as idiobiont ectoparasitoids of the original woodwasp host. Most Rhyssinae for which reliable data exists are idiobiont ectoparasitoids of siricid wasps, although there are unconfirmed records of Coleoptera and Lepidoptera as hosts in some tropical species.

Tersilochinae are believed to all be koinobiont endoparasitoids. All Tryphoninae for which data exists are koinobiont ectoparasitoids.

All Xoridinae for which data exists are idiobiont ectoparasitoids.