The Arizona Fun-Gi

Newsletter of the Arizona Club

December 2007 Annual Meeting Fall 2007 Vol 16 · NO 3 Our Annual Meeting this year will be held ing has not changed. However, the venue Friday, December 14 at 6:30 PM at the usual is now on a Friday night instead of a week location: The U of A Cooperative Extension night. It is hoped this will accommodate Inside this issue: Bldg located on the south side of Broadway just more members for whom a week night was west of 44 th Street, at 4341 E. Broadway . For difficult to make. For the out of town mem- the potluck , if your last name begins with A-H bers, maybe the boss will let you go a cou- Dec Mtg 1 main dish salad bring a , I-O bring a and P-Z ple of hours early to make it to Phoenix. dessert Wt Mt Report 1 bring a . Reminder: When you bring a Please give any feedback to one of the Offi- dish to the potluck, bring whatever serving cers if you like or dislike the change or Mushroom Pie 2 utensil is needed. If it is a soup, bring bowls as would prefer a Saturday even if it means well as soup spoons. The only utensils sup- renting a facility. Check List 3 plied by the club are the plastic knives, forks and spoons, flat disposable plates and Styro- New Web 3 foam cups. If your dish requires something White Mountain Foray Report - special, please bring it. Keep in mind that if 2007 BBQ 3 your dish needs to be heated, there is no stove. Respectfully submitted by S.T. Bates Wt Mt Foray 3 If you need to plug in your serving item such The following mushroom species were collected or as a crock pot, bring an extension cord. reported from the White Mountains Foray 2007 Quiz 3 Highlights: Bring your photo or craft work (August 18 & 19). Vouchers for some have been included in the personal herbarium of the author. involving to share with the mem- Taste 3 Please note that there are several new foray re- bers. Gabe Zorn and Jim Murphy have agreed cords. Some of these are very likely new records to reprise their slideshow of photography of for Arizona (a few still await final determinations – fungi with all new pictures. For those who one, Hydnellum peckii , is a definite)! There are Officers missed last year’s meeting, this is your chance several more unidentified species that require a bit to enjoy and learn from Gabe and Jim’s extraor- more work before final determinations can be Chester R Leathers, PhD. dinary photographs as well as Gabe’s wit. made. This is a reminder. A new Editor is needed for A special thank-you is owed to B.W. Freyburger President and Gabrielle Zornes for contributing to this list! this Newsletter . Please see any officer if you Both have submitted potential new records for would like to try your hand. Sandy Melgaard (Continued on page 5) Membership Secre- You can see the location for our annual meet- tary/Treasurer

REMINDER: ANNUAL DUES The Arizona Fun-Gi Scott Bates Webmaster If your address doesn’t show this year, 2007, or is the official newsletter of Arizona Mushroom Club later, then our records indicate that your dues are (AMC) and is published tri- Terry Beckman Past DUE. 2007 was due by Jan 1, 2007. For annually. All articles ap- Field Trip Chairman 2008, pay at the Annual Meeting. Remit to Sandy pearing may be freely repro- duced provided the source Melgaard , Membership/Treasurer . and author are acknowl- Larry Morehouse edged. Newsletter Editor

Mushroom Pie ( S ienipiirakka ) Finnish

Filling Crust 2.5 cps chopped onion 2.5 cps unbleached white flour 2 t baking powder 3 T butter 1/4 t salt 8 cps chopped mushrooms 1 cp butter 1 t dried thyme 1 cp sour cream 1/2 t salt flour for coating dough and lots of freshly ground black board for rolling pepper Glaze 8 oz cream cheese 1 egg (t=teaspoon, T=tablespoon, cp=cup) 1 T milk

Fresh or reconstituted dried mushrooms, or a combination, may be used in this pie. Domestic commercial white mush- rooms are fine, but if you can find (and afford) any rich-flavored mushroom, use them for at least a portion of the amount; this will give you a more pungent and woodsy-tasting dish.

To make the filling, sauté the onions in the butter in a large skillet. When the onions are soft and translucent, add the mushrooms and thyme and sauté for a few more minutes, until the mushrooms release their juices. Add the seasonings. Cut the cream cheese into small pieces and then stir it into the mushrooms until it melts. Remove from the heat and set aside until the crust is ready.

Preheat the oven to 400°. . For the crust, combine the flour, baking powder, and salt in a large mixing bowl. Using an electric mixer or by hand, cut in the butter just enough to achieve an evenly textured crumbly mix. Stir in the sour cream to form a soft dough. Generously dust the dough with flour and form it into a ball.

On a heavily floured board, roll out 2/3 of the dough to fit a 10-inch pie plate. Trim the edges and fill with the mush- room mixture. Roll out the remaining dough about 1/4 inch thick (thicker than a usual pie crust) and cut into strips I inch wide. Weave the strips into a lattice over the filling. This is a bit of trouble but well worth the effort, as you'll see. Fold the ends of the lattice strips under the bottom crust, pinch the edges together, and flute.

For the glaze, beat the egg and milk. With a pastry brush, thoroughly coat the pie crust (You'll have more then you need ----- give leftovers to the cat)

Bake the pie for 25 to 35 minutes, until the crust is puffy and golden. (Chanterelles, porcini, and cremini work well.)

Help the Editor A big thanks to Teresa Pinter who provided the above recipe. Teresa said everyone who has tried Please help out with any articles or this dish has raved over it. Can’t wait to try it. suggestions for the next newsletter. Remember this is your newsletter. Editor

The Arizona Fun-Gi 2

A Mushroom Hunting Checklist modestly priced. FRS radios do not Even with the large turnout, everyone require a license. They're a great way found collectable mushrooms. A special From the Oregon Mycological Society to stay in touch with your fellow mush- thanks is due all those who helped the new Website: www.wildmushroom.org (It ap- room hunters in the woods and during members to find and identify the mush- pears this website is defunct at this time. any caravan drive to the hunting area. rooms. The quantities were not as good as editor ). Reprinted from: MUSHROOMER , You can find FRS radios at most sport- last year, but most of the usual varieties April 2006, publication of t he Snohomish ing goods and consumer electronics were found. County Mycological Society. stores. (FRS radios are different from Another special thanks is owed to Joel When you take to the wilds in search of CB radios, and MUCH better in all re- Thalheimer. He took the time to teach mushrooms, be prepared! Here is a spects.) your Editor how to ID the honey mush- checklist for the well equipped Mush- room ( Armillaria mellea) . Joel even room Hunter: marked locations where honeys could eas- A New Web Site On Your Body ily be found by Club Members. His Thanks to web-meister, Tony Am- knowledge was passed on to those who did _Polyester or wool clothes brosini, we have a new web site. The not have the honeys in their knowledge _ Rain jacket address is az-mushroom-club.org. It bank. _ Rain pants is still in its infancy. In the future, the THE GREAT FUNGAL VOCABU- _ Gaiters newsletter will be posted on this web LARY QUIZ By S.T. Bates _ Sturdy moisture proof boots site and an email will be sent to mem- bers giving a link to it. For those Fungal substrate preferences or sym- _ Wristwatch bioses without internet access, a hard copy - Definitions from the Illustrated Diction- _Hand Lens will be mailed. The saving in print- ary of _Whistle ing and mailing will more than pay by M. Ulloa & R.T. Hanlin Award yourself 10 points per correct an- _ FRS walkie-talkie radios* (optional) for the domain name and hosting. swer. We should be able to post special _ GPS (optional) 90-100% = professor! events there as well as forays. Please 80-89% = honors grad! In Your Flat Bottomed Basket take a look at the site. Suggestions 70-79% = plenty smart! _ Waxed paper bags are welcome. Contact Tony or Larry 60-69% = hmmmmm. _ Knife, brightly marked Morehouse with those suggestions. Below 60% = hit the books!!!!!! 1) Mycorrhizae _ Brown paper bags 2) Keratinophilic In Your Knapsack 3) Lignicolous Rod Snapp and Cynthia Reed, who are 4) Coprophilous _Good map of the area owners of the Javelina Leap Vineyard & 5) Entomogenous Winery, had invited the AZ Mushroom _Lunch 6) Fungicolous Club to have a BBQ at their winery. It 7) Muscicolous _Water was to take place this past October. 8) Lichenicolous _Extra Clothes However, this year had to be cancelled 9) Bryophilous because the wine crop in California 10) Lichen _Sunscreen came in two weeks early. That meant (answers on page 5) they both had to shift into high gear for _Insect repellent The following is excerpted from McIl- making this year’s wine. A new date, vainea, Spring 2007, _Trowel and Toilet Paper some time next year, will be selected in an article written by Robert M. Hallock. _Field guides and key and Members will be notified when that new date is available with the details. The article is too long to reprint in its _Notebook & pencil entirety, so the following is significantly _Spore print making equipment (black abridged and all cites are omitted. It is and white paper) recommended the full article be read. _Photography equipment White Mountain Foray Editor _Matches (waterproof) Our annual White Mountain Foray was Taste of Mushrooms attended by the most participants we *A happy and useful addition to the above have had in memory. There were about THE TASTE AND smell of mushrooms might include two or more FRS walkie- 40 vehicles over the two days. Obviously are important for both the identification talkies. This new type of radio is small, there were vehicles with more than one of species and for the oro-sensory sensa- effective over several miles and often rider. This made logistics a little harder. (Continued on page 4)

Volume 16 ~ Number 3 3

tions one experiences while eating them. Other commercially available and com- instead. . . Thus, most people who com- Several issues regarding gustation and ol- monly consumed mushrooms such a Flam- plain of “taste” deficits could likely have faction are important to the mycophagist mulina veluptipes, Lentinula edodes, Mor- olfactory problems. chella deliciosa, Pleurotus eryngii, P. and will be discussed here. First, percep- Olfactory disorders are common, often Ostreatus, Ustilago maydis tions of the taste, smell and texture of and contain have sudden onsets, and have several main mushrooms will be differentiated and dis- similarly high amounts of amino acids. A causes. . .These causes of olfactory loss are cussed. This will be followed by a discus- commonly available commercially avail- important to know because sensory loss Catharellus cibarius sion of sensory deficits that can impair the able mushroom, , is negatively impacts the overall quality of taste or smell systems and lead to particular comprised of 10% protein. One amino life, not just the ability to quickly differen- problems either identifying or eating mush- acid in particular, glutamic acid, is present tiate a Tricholoma magnivelare and T. rooms. Special consideration will be given in high concentrations in most of these zelleri , which can look very similar. to those who cannot taste bitter compounds mushrooms. . . .MSG and other amino ac- and the potential that exists for these peo- ids are flavor enhancers and increase the Gustatory loss is less prevalent than olfac- ple to misidentify particular species of palatability of (pleasantness) of foods. . . tory loss, but also has profound effects on mushrooms. Meat, fish, and canned vegetables or reci- the quality of life. . .( There follows a dis- pes containing these foods were improved cussion of common causes for this loss. The flavor experienced from eating mush- Editor) rooms, or any other food, comes from a by MSG. Interestingly, this indicates that combination of taste, texture, temperature, adding MSG to amino acid rich foods fur- Non-tasters: Approximately 25% of the spiciness and aromatic qualities. . . . Taste ther enhances their flavor. This implies population has a genetic variation in their is one component of flavor and is thought that adding mushrooms to other protein bitter taste receptors that renders them un- to be limited to the perception of sweet, rich foods increases overall palatability. able to detect some bitter compounds. sour, salty, bitter and savory. . . . Recep- Conversely, cereals, milk products, or These people are therefore at risk for mis- tors for these five taste qualities are con- sweet-flavored recipes were made worse identifying bitter mushrooms, especially if tained in taste buds, which are located on by the addition of MSG. One could posit they are taught to rely on their sense of the palate (top of the mouth) and pharynx that adding mushrooms to similar food taste to distinguish between bitter and non- (back of the throat), as well as the tongue. types would make them unpalatable, but bitter mushrooms. . . . this might best be left to individual experi- Despite what is commonly believed, taste Conclusions receptors on all portions of the oral cavity mentation… respond equally well to the different tas- Other Sensory Components The sense of taste and smell is important to tants… the identification of mushrooms. First, this Trigeminal : Mushrooms described in the review explained the common tastes of Savory or “meaty” is the taste quality rep- field guides with descriptors such as acrid, mushrooms, and the specific components resented by amino acids, or protein. Foods peppery, or burning, all excite the trigemi- in mushrooms that yield different tastes. rich in amino acids include mushrooms, nal nerve, which innervates the tongue and Second, this review described common fish, meats, cheese and some vegetables carries the sensory signals to the brain. taste and smell deficits that impair the per- like kelp and tomatoes. . . . A second Russula brevipies and R.. emetica are good ception of some mushrooms, as well as component of flavor is smell. Our olfac- examples, and anyone who has tasted these discussed specific taste-related deficits tory systems are capable of detecting mushrooms is aware of the burning sensa- with aging. Research has demonstrated around 10,000 different smells. These tion that overcomes the oral cavity. that bitter and salty taste is compromised various smells when combined with taste, Smell : The odors of mushrooms are as nu- with the normal aging process. A decrease often yield a unique oro-sensory experi- merous as the number of species them- of salty taste is likely of little importance in ence. The last components of flavor are selves. Mushrooms vary from the soapy tasting mushrooms because mushrooms are the spiciness, physical temperature, and smell of Tricholoma saponaceum to the not naturally salty. However, elderly peo- general texture of the food, which are all difficult to describe but immediately recog- ple should be aware that there is a decrease signaled by the trigeminal nerve.. . . nized cinnamon-like odor of T. magnive- in the perceived intensity of some bitter The taste of Agaricus bisporus is often lare . compounds with age. Interestingly, defi- described as “mild” or “meaty” and is best cits in the perception of savory taste stimuli Sensory Deficits typified by the taste quality “savory” be- with aging have not been studied. Other cause of its high amino acid content. To Deficits in smell and taste are widespread deficits to taste and smell typically come account for the taste of this mushroom , we and can present a handicap in mushroom from physical damage to the sensory sys- will explore its components …(A scientific identification and alter the oro-sensory tems or from genetic causes, and this short analysis followed. Editor) This mush- experience of eating them. Common review has described the most prevalent room thus provides a rich source of com- causes of taste and smell deficits will be ones. It is the aim of this review that plete proteins while being a low-fat food briefly considered, followed by specific mushroomers are educated about the im- source, and is of particular benefit to those examples of when these deficits can lead to portance and individual variation of per- individuals on a vegan diet who need alter- the misidentification of mushrooms. Most ceptions of taste and smell of mushrooms. nate sources of essential amino acids. people who experience a subjective loss of For example, a mushroom might be de- “taste” actually have smell dysfunctions (Continued on page 5)

The Arizona Fun-Gi 4

scribed as tasting very bitter to one person, Coprinopsis atramentaria (Bull.) Redhead, Gomphus floccosus (Schwein.) Singer somewhat bitter to an elderly person, and Vilgalys & Moncalvo Ramaria aurea (Schaeff.: Fr.) Quél. not bitter at all by a non-taster. Impor- Coprinus comatus (O.F. Müll.) Gray Ramaria stricta (Pers.: Fr.) Quél. tantly, these individual variations can lead Cortinarius trivialis J.E. Lange Polyporales to the misidentification of specific mush- Crepidotus mollis (Schaeff.: Fr.) Staude Albatrellus confluens (Alb. & Schwein.) Kotl. & rooms. This review has described a few Cystoderma fallax A.H. Sm. & Singer Pouzar specific examples where specific taste or populicola Redhead & R.H. Albatrellus ovinus (Schaeff.: Fr.) Kotl. & Pouzar smell disorders can lead to the misidentifi- Petersen Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw.: Fr.) P. Karst. Flammulina velutipes (Curtis: Fr.) Singer cation o particular mushrooms, but it is Polyporus cf. elegans Bull.: Fr.** Floccularia straminea var. americana (Mitchel & likely that many more exist, underscoring Polyporus varius (Pers.) Fr. A.H. Sm.) Bon the role of educating mushroomers about Sparassis crispa (Wulfen: Fr.) Fr. Gymnopus dryophilus Murrill these issues. Hebeloma crustuliniforme (Bull.: Fr.) Quél. Lactarius barrowsii Hesler & A.H. Sm. Hygrophorus chrysodon (Batsch: Fr.) Fr. (L.: Fr.) Gray (Continued from page 1) Hygrophorus speciosus Peck Lactarius rubrilacteus Hesler & A.H. Sm. Arizona . These records (along with B.W. Inocybe geophylla var. lilacina Gillet Lactarius uvidus (Fr.) Fr. Freyburger’s photos) will eventually be added Inocybe rimosa (Bull.: Fr.) P. Kumm. Russula brevipes Peck to the Arizona Mycota Project (http:// Laccaria amethystina Cooke Russula xerampelina (Schaeff.) Fr. www.public.asu.edu/~stbates/amp.html) and Laccaria laccata (Scop.: Fr.) Fr. Thelephorales will be published in Canotia as new additions Lepiota cf. boudieri Guég. Hydnellum peckii Banker** to the Checklist of Arizona Macrofungi (http:// Lepiota clypeolaria (Bull.: Fr.) Quél. Sarcodon imbricatus (L.: Fr.) P. Karst. lifesciences.asu.edu/herbarium/canotia/ Leucopaxillus gentianeus (Quél.) Kotl. CANOTIA-9Feb06-vol2_2.pdf) in the upcom- Lycoperdon perlatum Pers.: Pers. ing year. I also thank Dr. Leathers for report- Lycoperdon pyriforme Schaeff.: Pers. ing several species that are included here. Marasmius androsaceus (L.) Fr.** * New record for the White Mountains Foray Megacollybia platyphylla (Pers.: Fr.) Kotl. & ** Potential new record for Arizona and the Pouzar White Mountains Foray Panaeolus semiovatus (Sowerby: Fr.) S. Lun- dell & Nannf. ASCOMYCOTA Pholiota aurivella (Batsch: Fr.) Fr. Helotiales Pholiota squarrosoides (Peck) Sacc. Spathularia flavida Pers.: Fr. Phyllotopsis nidulans (Pers.: Fr.) Singer Hypocreales Pleurotus “ostreatus” (Jacq.: Fr.) P. Kumm. Hypomyces lactifluorum (Schwein.) Tul. Pleurotus populinus O. Hilber & O.K. Mill.* Answers for The Great Fungal Vo- Pluteus cervinus P. Kumm.: Fr.* Hypomyces luteovirens (Fr.) Tul. & C. Tul. cabulary Quiz: Pachycudonia spathulata (S. Imai) S. Imai Stropharia cf. ambigua (Peck) Zeller** Pezizales Stropharia sp. Aleuria aurantia (Pers.) Fuckel Tricholoma flavovirens (Pers.: Fr.) S. Lundell 1) The symbiotic association between Aleuria rhenana Fuckel Tricholomopsis rutilans (Schaeff.: Fr.) Singer the hyphae of certain fungi and the Peziza arvernensis Boud. Xeromphalina campanella (Batsch: Fr.) Maire roots of vascular plants. Peziza repanda Pers. Auriculariales 2) Exhibiting affinity for keratin.* Sarcosphaera coronaria (Jacq.) J. Schröt. Auricularia auricula-judae (Fr.) Quél. 3) Living on wood, but not necessarily deriving nourishment from it. barrowsii Thiers & A.H. Sm. 4) A that develops preferen- Agaricus albolutescens Zeller Boletus “edulis” Bull.: Fr. tially on dung or manured soils. Boletus subtomentosus L.: Fr. Agaricus silvicola (Vittad.) Peck 5) Growing on or obtaining nourish- Agaricus sp. Gomphidius subroseus Kauffman Amanita “caesarea” (Scop.: Fr.) Pers. Leccinum insigne A.H. Sm., Thiers & Watling ment, especially as pathogens, from Amanita fulva (Schaeff.) Fr. Phylloporus sp. insects. Amanita muscaria subsp. flavivolvata Singer Suillus kaibabensis Thiers 6) That which lives or develops on Amanita “pantherina” (DC.: Fr.) Krombh. Suillus lakei (Murrill) A.H. Sm. & Thiers fungi. Amanita “rubescens” Pers.: Fr. Suillus sibiricus (Singer) Singer 7) Living upon, or among, mosses. Amanita vaginata (Bull.: Fr.) Lam. Cantharellales 8) That which lives on lichens, as a Armillaria “mellea” (Vahl: Fr.) P. Kumm. Cantharellus “cibarius” Fr.: Fr. parasite, parasymbiont, or saprobe. Clavaria purpurea Fr. Hydnum repandum L.: Fr. 9) Develops in or on mosses. Dacrymycetales Clitocybe gibba (Pers.: Fr.) P. Kumm. 10) …The symbiotic association of Clitocybe cf. odora (Bull.: Fr.) P. Kumm. Calocera viscosa (Pers.) Fr. fungi and algae (or cyanobacteria**) Coprinellus micaceus (Bull.: Fr.) Vilgalys, Dacrymyces palmatus (Schwein.) Burt. * http://medical.merriam-webster.com/ Hopple & Jacq. Johnson Phallales Clavariadelphus ligula (Schaeff.: Fr.) Donk medical/keratinophilic Clavariadelphus truncatus (Quél.) Donk ** inserted by author

Volume 16 ~ Number 3 5

Newsle tte r o f the Ari zo na Mus hr oo m Clu b

Newsletter of the Arizona Mushroom Club

Dr Chester Leathers Dr ChesterPresident Leathers President

Sandy Melgaard Treasurer/MembershipSandy Melgaard 16418Treasurer/Membership W. Lower Buckeye 16418 W. Lower Buckeye Goodyear,Goodyear, AZ AZ 85338 85338

Club Phone: 602-230-5281 Email : [email protected]

On the Web @ www.geocities.com/azmushclub

Contact the Editor, Larry Morehouse, by email: [email protected]

The Arizona Fun-Gi

Newsletter of the Arizona Mushroom Club

ARIZONA MUSHROOM CLUB (AMC) Would you like a polo shirt , hat , or patch dis- Order Form~~Please Print playing club logo? If so use the form to the right Name______

to order from Rose Mary or Chester Leathers. Address______

They need minimum orders before they can send Telephone # (______)______

in an order, so you may have to wait until enough POLO SHIRT with AMC Logo $24.00 ea. QTY______

requests have been given. Size (circle) S M L XL 1X 2X 3X 4X

HAT with AMC Logo $12.00 ea. Qty______

PATCHES with AMC Logo $ 6.50 ea. Qty______

Paid by: Cash______Check______

Contact: Rose Mary Leathers or Chester Leathers: Tel. 480-832-6709

6