English in Context Reading Comprehension Find out How Nepal Is Being Rebuilt, One Year After a Devastating Earthquake

All about Antarctic explorers: Welcome to Antarctica – the coldest place in the world Junior SCHOOLS All about the Nepal earthquake All about the Nepal earthquake Looking at significant events and individuals throughout history can be a wonderful way to develop chronological awareness and new knowledge. schools.theweekjunior.co.uk This article takes the theme of explorers and expeditions to Antarctica. For more articles and lesson maps, visit schools.theweekjunior.co.uk/lesson-ideas What causes an earthquake? The Earth is broken up into Waves of energy, called seismic seven major slabs of rock, called waves, ripple through the Life after the earthquake tectonic plates. These huge ground away from the epicentre, English in context Reading comprehension Find out how Nepal is being rebuilt, one year after a devastating earthquake. slabs float on top of super-hot causing the ground to shake. melted rock called magma and Earthquakes are measured using Use the article to answer the following questions in a whole class reading session, n 25 April 2015, a deadly earthquake United sometimes they grind against a seismograph. The graph a grouped guided reading session or as an independent task: ripped through Nepal, a country north of O Kingdom each other. When this measures the strength, India. It was the worst earthquake for more NEPAL Vocabulary work 1. Who was the first Briton to reach the South oleP and when did this happen? Nepal is a country happens, friction or magnitude, of than 80 years – experts say it had the same strength The following activity ideas develop vocabulary 2. Why is Antarctica known as the ‘frozen continent’? north of India with a builds up between the waves of Junior Tectonic using the article: SCHOOLS All about Antarctic explorers All about Antarctic explorers as 20 nuclear bombs. It measured 7.8 on the Moment population of 28 million. Welcome to Antarctica – the coldest place in the world 3. Why do you think that Shackleton named his ship Endurance? Do you think this was a good the plates and plates energy. These Antarctica is one of the most Antarctic animals Magnitude Scale. Huge cracks appeared in the roads; hostile places on Earth, What is Antarctica? FACT! The people of Nepal No people live • Look at new vocabulary from the text e.g. but that hasn’t stopped permanently in pressure is waves are explorers risking their lives Antarctica. name? Explain your answer using evidence from the text. to cross the frozen continent. homes and schools were destroyed; and historic sites ate last year, an speak Nepali and their conquer, ice shelves, mainland, unsupported, Ladventurer, Henry Worsley, set out to conquer Nepal released deep usually measured Antarctica. Inspired by his hero, 20th century explorer Antarctica is 1,800 ©THE WEEK JUNIOR, DENNIS PUBLISHING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. miles from Australia. 4. Name things people do to train for an Antarctic expedition. Sir Ernest Shackleton, two that had stood for hundreds of years crumbled to the religion is mostly Hinduism. Henry set off on an crevasse, via etc. Discuss the word class and incredible attempt to do Henry Worsley died on The Southern Ocean is home to several species what no one had managed 24 January 2016 of seals and penguins, including Emperor underground at on a scale from – to cross the Antarctic, Antarctica is known as the frozen continent. It penguins and Weddell seals. There are very via the South Pole, completely on his own. He pulled a is a huge landmass, almost completely covered few land animals – and those that can survive sledge carrying everything he needed for a journey he by ice. It is so cold, windy and remote that More than a third of Nepali the harsh conditions tend to be very small. Tiny ground. The quake affected more than eight million hoped would take him less than 80 days to complete. no-one lives there for more than a few months meanings. Use a charades game to mime and invertebrates (animals without backbones) 5. Where did Roald Amundsen come from? It was a huge challenge. The vast and icy continent at a time. It is surrounded by the icy Southern such as mites and midges live in bare soil at regularly endures temperatures of -44°C with winds Ocean, and divided by a huge mountain range the tops of mountains and in birds’ nests. of more than 200mph. Many people have perished – the Transantarctic Mountains. Antarctica’s a point known as 0 to 10, called the attempting to cross it. On Friday 22 January, after highest point – Vinson Massif – is almost 5,000 people live on less than Discover more about Antarctica at covering 913 miles in 71 days, Henry Worsley’s journey metres above sea level, whereas in some places, discoveringantarctica.org.uk guess the word in table teams. came to an end. He was just 30 miles away from his the bottom of the ice sheet is more than 2,000 people – over a quarter of the country’s population. goal when he called for help. “I have run out of time,” metres below sea level. The water around the POLE · · ALPHA PRESS ALAMY SHUTTERSTOCK · GETTY IMAGES PHOTOS SURVEY · PA BRITISH ANTARCTIC he said in an audio message. coast has many huge floating chunks of ice, £10 per month. POSITION DID YOU 6. What does the word goal mean in the sentence: Henry Worsley may not have achieved his Dehydrated, exhausted and known as ice shelves. The largest of these – the the focus. The Earth’s Moment Magnitude ill, he was flown to Chile. Two Ross Ice Shelf – is as big as France. An expedition led by the KNOW? days later, on Sunday 24 January, Norwegian explorer, Roald Amundsen, was the first to In 1899, The British Antarctic Henry Worsley died in hospital Expedition were the first More than 8,000 people were killed and 16,000 more reach the South Pole on from a bacterial infection. 14 December 1911. group to spend winter on the • Use the article to investigate the prefixes sub-, General Sir Nick Carter, goal, but his incredible effort will go down in history? Antarctic mainland. Despite head of the army and a close the name, there were actually crust directly above the Scale. This replaced the friend of Henry’s, Henry took Ernest only two Brits in the crew, described him as Antarctic ice is up to which was led by A Weddell seal Shackleton’s original “a remarkably 30 million years old. a Norwegian. basks in the sun. compass with him. were injured. Families slept on the streets and children un- and trans-. Look at each prefix. Discuss how brave man”. 7. Look at the section Antarctic Animals. Which word does the author use to suggest it is not easy focus is called the epicentre. Richter Scale in the US in 2002. Five famous 1912 1914 1979 1996 2000 – British Antarctic On 17 January 1912, Robert Falcon In 1914 Ernest Shackleton set out Sir Ranulph In 1996, David On 4 January went to schools set up in temporary tents. A huge the prefix changes the meaning of the word. expeditions Scott became the first Briton to with a team to cross Antarctica by Fiennes led Hempleman-Adams 2000, Catherine reach the South Pole, along with sledge. Their expedition was cut the Transglobe became the first Briton Hartley and Henry Worsley may not have Edward Wilson, Edgar Evans, Henry short when his ship, Endurance, Expedition to walk alone and Fiona Thornewill to live in Antarctica? achieved his goal but his Bowers and Lawrence Oates, on the got stuck in ice. He and his men around the world via the North and unsupported to the became the first British women to incredible effort will go down Terra Nova expedition. Beaten to then spent South Poles. In 2013, 101 years after South Pole. In 1998 he walk across Antarctica to the South Through further reading, collect and classify in history. Here are five other the Pole by the Norwegian, Roald five months Scott’s death, he and a team tried completed the Explorers Pole – 680 miles that took more British teams and individuals Amundsen, and facing extreme cold camping on to cross the Antarctic in winter. They Grand Slam, having than two months. They trained by aftershock happened on 12 May, causing more Epicentre who have taken on the Antarctic. and hunger, none of the men made it ice before had to give up at a huge crevasse reached both poles running and dragging tyres. Later Seismic waves back alive. You can read Scott’s diary they were field that was too dangerous to and the peaks of the that month a team of five became Captain Scott’s doomed crew, of the expedition at spri.cam.ac.uk/ able to sail cross in the darkness. Crevasses are highest mountains on all David Hempleman-Adams on his way to the first British women to walk to photographed on 18 January 1912. words with common prefixes. Understand museum/diaries/scottslastexpedition for help. deep, open cracks in ice. seven continents. completing the Explorers Grand Slam. both the North and South Poles. 8. The author says that Antarctica is one of the most hostile places on earth. This suggestsdamage. that One the year later, people are still rebuilding schools.theweekjunior.co.uk schools.theweekjunior.co.uk environment is: Earth’s crust that un- changes words into the negative by their lives. changing a variety of root words. These can be a) large and inhabited differentiated according to spelling ability. b) full of trees and plants Why was the earthquake so devastating? • Find five examples of verbs, nouns and c) near to the equator Part of the reason is because Nepal’s capital city, adjectives within the article. Identify the tense d) hard to live in Kathmandu, where more than one million people that they are written in. Discuss that some verbs 9. Explain why Henry Worsely decided to take part in his expedition. live, is only 49 miles away from the epicentre of e.g. watch can be both a noun and a verb. Ask Focus children to write correctly punctuated sentences 10. Why was Sir Ranulph Fiennes unsuccessful? the earthquake. The epicentre is the point on Earth to prove this. Extend further and look at the directly above the earthquake’s focus, which is Tectonic word cooler. Discuss and ask the children to the point inside the Earth’s crust where pressure is plate demonstrate how this can be used as both an released. The earthquake itself was very shallow; adjective and a noun. Challenge the children its source was just nine miles below ground. The to find examples of words that can be used in Writing outcomes shallowness of the source made the shaking of the different ways. Preparing for future disasters The following ideas use the article to develop writing: ground at the surface worse than it would have been • Write a variety of sentences from the article if it were a deeper earthquake. The huge tremors Scientists had warned for a and mobile healthcare units are provided onto strips of paper. Make sure that • Write a log entry from the point of view of one of the Rothera • Link to Ice Trap by Meredith Hooper which tells the story of Shackleton’swere felt hundreds of miles away in Bangladesh, long time that a catastrophic being set up so the government they contain a variety of punctuation appropriate Research Scientists. Describe, using a senses grid, what it would expedition. Write a recount as one of the crew members on board the India and Pakistan. In Nepal’s remote, mountainous earthquake would hit Nepal. can immediately respond to a to the age of the children. Cut up the strips be like venturing out to collect data. What would you see, hear and Endurance. This could be done as an internal monologue, conveying hopes so that the punctuation is separated from the feel during different points in the journey? What could the potential and fears about the adventure ahead. regions, landslides destroyed and cut off villages. They believe an even bigger one crisis. Earthquakes aren’t the only sentence. In small groups, ask the children to problems be? How would you overcome them? is still to come. Charities like the natural disasters that the country • rebuild the sentences so that they make sense Write a short descriptive piece as the Endurance. Explain how it feels to carry Red Cross are helping people to faces. It experiences avalanches, • Use the animals of Antarctica as a basis to write a non-chronological the crew on the expedition. As the situation worsens, consider the emotions with the correct punctuation in place. Children prepare by staging simulations, floods and storms every year. report. The children can choose whether they would prefer to write can peer check each other’s work. of being stuck in the ice and squeezed and destroyed as the ice closes in. about a specific species e.g. penguins or about the range of wildlife so they know what to do in the Geologists believe that global • Write a short piece arguing whether Antarctic exploration today is worth the found in the polar region. This can be linked to science work about event of an earthquake. Homes warming could be risk to human life and the environment. Entire buildings how animals have adapted to survive in this environment. are being built so that they can partly to blame for ©THE WEEK JUNIOR, DENNIS PUBLISHING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED collapsed during the earthquake. withstand the impact of a quake these events.

SHUTTERSTOCK · SHUTTERSTOCK After Prince Harry’s five-day This temporary camp A group of fire cadets from outside the school. RESCUE DOG royal tour of Nepal in March was set up by an Cheshire heard about the Darcy is part of the UK’s 2016, he stayed for a few agency to look after earthquake in Nepal and What was done to help? International Search and Rescue After the quake, aid flooded in from all over the more days to help rebuild children while their wanted to help. They raised

REX SHUTTERSTOCK · REX SHUTTERSTOCK team and was sent to Nepal after world. The British Government sent £70 million, and a school in the village of families rebuild their money to build a school in one the earthquake. Darcy searched international engineers, medical experts and search- Lapubesi that was destroyed homes. In between of the villages that was hit, for people trapped under the rubble. John Ball is her

GETTY IMAGES · GETTY IMAGES and-rescue teams all arrived in the country. The UK’s by the earthquake. The their lessons the and then travelled to Nepal to A camp for International Development Secretary Justine Greening village has a population children can enjoy lend a hand. They said the best handler and he taught Darcy children whose to sniff out people. All the visited Nepal after the disaster. Recently she said, “One of 3,000 people and the arts, crafts, dance and homes were part of their trip was seeing the search-and-rescue dogs year on, we continue to stand shoulder to shoulder with earthquake destroyed 95% playing outdoor games destroyed. smiles on the children’s faces love chasing toys –

DFID/RUSSELL WATKINS · DFID/RUSSELL WATKINS this is how they train ©THE WEEK JUNIOR, DENNIS PUBLISHING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. the people of Nepal as they repair and rebuild.” of homes there. in the camp. when the school was finished. for emergency situations. schools.theweekjunior.co.uk schools.theweekjunior.co.uk Cross-curricular opportunities Geography Art • Using an atlas to help, the children label the South Pole, Greater and • Look at the work of Frances Hatch who lesser Antarctica. Identify the Southern Ocean and the Weddell Sea. spent time creating the Drawn to Antarctica Maths Around the sides of the map, write or draw pictures of any further facts pictures. Identify the methods she uses that the children have discovered about the Antarctic. (simple shapes and watercolours). What do • Read scales accurately. Mark different temperatures on thermometer the children like about the work? What are diagrams. Use ‘empty’ scale lines with a start and finish point to estimate • Identify the British Antarctic Territory on the map. Explain that this was their favourite parts? the best position for numbers to be placed on the line. land claimed by the British in 1962. This was chosen as there are many species of penguins and seals there. Use the internet to watch the Rothera • The children can create their own version • For younger pupils use the ‘greater than’ and ‘less that’ signs accurately to Research Station Tour. Identify both the human and physical features of of Antarctica art, using simple shapes and compare temperatures. this remote place. Would the children call the scientists explorers? colours. Use photographs to identify which • Look at temperature data from Rothera Research station. Use this as a • Discuss and research Antarctica as a tourist attraction. What would make colours would best represent the landscape basis to investigate the differences between temperatures. This can be you want to visit? There are deserted whaling stations, an abundance of or subject of each piece. This is a great done in whole numbers or decimals. wildlife, active volcanoes etc. What is the impact of the tourism? Children opportunity to consolidate colour mixing skills. • Identify the range of temperatures. Create a line graph to show this data. should identify that there are both benefits and disadvantages. Design Children can then write their own questions to test their partners’ accuracy a Lonely Planet style guide promoting a trip to Antarctica. It should also when reading the various points. explain to tourists how they can protect the environment while there. • Practise adding negative numbers to find average temperatures. • Investigate area and perimeter. Use Antarctica as a stimulus and challenge the children to create ice sheets of a specific area and perimeter. 

Junior SCHOOLS All about Antarctic explorers All about Antarctic explorers Welcome to Antarctica – the coldest place in the world Antarctica is one of the most Antarctic animals hostile places on Earth, What is Antarctica? FACT! No people live History but that hasn’t stopped permanently in explorers risking their lives Antarctica. to cross the frozen continent. ate last year, an • Use https://news.nationalgeographic.com/ Ladventurer, Henry Worsley, set out to conquer Antarctica. Inspired by his hero, 20th century explorer Antarctica is 1,800 ©THE WEEK JUNIOR, DENNIS PUBLISHING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. · miles from Australia. Sir Ernest Shackleton, Henry set off on an news/2013/10/131025-antarctica-south-pole-scott- incredible attempt to do Henry Worsley died on The Southern Ocean is home to several species what no one had managed 24 January 2016 of seals and penguins, including Emperor – to cross the Antarctic, Antarctica is known as the frozen continent. It penguins and Weddell seals. There are very via the South Pole, completely on his own. He pulled a is a huge landmass, almost completely covered Science few land animals – and those that can survive sledge carrying everything he needed for a journey he by ice. It is so cold, windy and remote that the harsh conditions tend to be very small. Tiny expedition-science-polar/ hoped would take him less than 80 days to complete. no-one lives there for more than a few months in order to investigate the invertebrates (animals without backbones) It was a huge challenge. The vast and icy continent at a time. It is surrounded by the icy Southern such as mites and midges live in bare soil at regularly endures temperatures of -44°C with winds Ocean, and divided by a huge mountain range the tops of mountains and in birds’ nests. of more than 200mph. Many people have perished – the Transantarctic Mountains. Antarctica’s attempting to cross it. On Friday 22 January, after highest point – Vinson Massif – is almost 5,000 • Identify which animals are found in Antarctica. Use this as an opportunity to Discover more about Antarctica at covering 913 miles in 71 days, Henry Worsley’s journey metres above sea level, whereas in some places, discoveringantarctica.org.uk materials used for Antarctic clothing by Scott and came to an end. He was just 30 miles away from his the bottom of the ice sheet is more than 2,000 goal when he called for help. “I have run out of time,” metres below sea level. The water around the POLE · ALPHA PRESS ALAMY SHUTTERSTOCK · GETTY IMAGES PHOTOS SURVEY · PA BRITISH ANTARCTIC he said in an audio message. coast has many huge floating chunks of ice, POSITION Dehydrated, exhausted and known as ice shelves. The largest of these – the DID YOU research them further and determine how scientists might group (or, classify) them. ill, he was flown to Chile. Two Ross Ice Shelf – is as big as France. An expedition led by the KNOW? days later, on Sunday 24 January, Norwegian explorer, Roald Amundsen’s expedition teams. Use photographs to In 1899, The British Antarctic Henry Worsley died in hospital Amundsen, was the first to reach the South Pole on Expedition were the first from a bacterial infection. 14 December 1911. group to spend winter on the General Sir Nick Carter, Antarctic mainland. Despite head of the army and a close the name, there were actually Consolidate appropriate vocabulary e.g. Non-living or living, plants or animals, friend of Henry’s, only two Brits in the crew, compare these to the clothing worn by those who Henry took Ernest described him as Antarctic ice is up to which was led by A Weddell seal Shackleton’s original “a remarkably 30 million years old. a Norwegian. basks in the sun. compass with him. non-vertebrates or vertebrates, mammals, birds, fish, reptiles or amphibians. Draw brave man”. undertake modern-day expeditions to Antarctica. Five famous 1912 1914 1979 1996 2000 –

British Antarctic On 17 January 1912, Robert Falcon In 1914 Ernest Shackleton set out Sir Ranulph In 1996, David On 4 January expeditions Scott became the first Briton to with a team to cross Antarctica by Fiennes led Hempleman-Adams 2000, Catherine classification keys with appropriate questions to sort animals into their classes. reach the South Pole, along with sledge. Their expedition was cut the Transglobe became the first Briton Hartley and Henry Worsley may not have Edward Wilson, Edgar Evans, Henry short when his ship, Endurance, Expedition to walk alone and Fiona Thornewill achieved his goal but his Bowers and Lawrence Oates, on the got stuck in ice. He and his men around the world via the North and unsupported to the became the first British women to incredible effort will go down Terra Nova expedition. Beaten to then spent South Poles. In 2013, 101 years after South Pole. In 1998 he walk across Antarctica to the South • Use a variety of photos to identify explorers in history. Here are five other the Pole by the Norwegian, Roald five months Scott’s death, he and a team tried completed the Explorers Pole – 680 miles that took more British teams and individuals Amundsen, and facing extreme cold camping on to cross the Antarctic in winter. They Grand Slam, having than two months. They trained by who have taken on the Antarctic. and hunger, none of the men made it ice before had to give up at a huge crevasse reached both poles running and dragging tyres. Later back alive. You can read Scott’s diary they were field that was too dangerous to and the peaks of the that month a team of five became Captain Scott’s doomed crew, of the expedition at spri.cam.ac.uk/ able to sail cross in the darkness. Crevasses are highest mountains on all David Hempleman-Adams on his way to the first British women to walk to • Investigate how animals survive. What do the animals eat? Which animals eat each photographed on 18 January 1912. completing the Explorers Grand Slam. museum/diaries/scottslastexpedition for help. deep, open cracks in ice. seven continents. both the North and South Poles. throughout history. Research why they chose to other? Create a food chain for Antarctic animals, knowing that this must start with a schools.theweekjunior.co.uk schools.theweekjunior.co.uk go and whether their expeditions were successful. green plant. Link back to equipment and how this changed over time. Research and complete a simple timeline of • Identify the features that polar animals must have to ensure their survival. Discuss Antarctic exploration. Identify unlikely explorers e.g. the features of the Antarctic environment that make it difficult for animals to survive Ben Fogle, James Cracknell and Prince Harry. Link to there. Label a diagram to show the adaptations and how they aid survival. PSHE activity about the qualities of explorers. • Create a commentary and become a penguin expert (or any other Antarctic animal). • Investigate the race to the pole (this could be linked Use a youtube clip of the animal with the sound turned off. In small groups, children P.S.H.E. to modern day historical ‘races’ e.g. the race to the can create the script/commentary and become ‘the David Attenborough of the Introduce the children to the expedition undertaken by moon). Why is competition like this important to classroom’; explaining their expert knowledge to the rest of the class. Prince Harry in 2013, Walking with the Wounded. Discuss countries? Compare the expeditions of Shackleton, stereotypes. What kind of person would you need to Scott and Amundsen. Create a newspaper article to be to take on this kind of challenge? Give the children show learning about the ‘polar race’. an outline of an explorer/ role on the wall type shape. Children record the qualities they think are needed to be • Link the above activity to using newspaper sources an Antarctic explorer inside or around the figure. Link to to discuss how the death of Shackleton was Junior teamwork and the need to listen and compromise. reported. Were the reports reliable? How do they SCHOOLS differ? Use the article to learn about the legacy left All about the Nepal earthquake by Shackleton. What is his legacy? All about the Nepal earthquake schools.theweekjunior.co.uk What causes an earthquake? The Earth is broken up into Waves of energy, called seismic seven major slabs of rock, called waves, ripple through the Life after the earthquake tectonic plates. These huge ground away from the epicentre, Find out how Nepal is being rebuilt, one year after a devastating earthquake. slabs float on top of super-hot causing the ground to shake. melted rock called magma and Earthquakes are measured using n 25 April 2015, a deadly earthquake United sometimes they grind against a seismograph. The graph ripped through Nepal, a country north of O Kingdom each other. When this measures the strength, India. It was the worst earthquake for more NEPAL happens, friction or magnitude, of than 80 years – experts say it had the same strength Nepal is a country north of India with a builds up between the waves of as 20 nuclear bombs. It measured 7.8 on the Moment Tectonic population of 28 million. the plates and energy. These Magnitude Scale. Huge cracks appeared in the roads; plates The people of Nepal pressure is waves are homes and schools were destroyed; and historic sites speak Nepali and their Nepal released deep usually measured that had stood for hundreds of years crumbled to the religion is mostly Hinduism. underground at on a scale from ground. The quake affected more than eight million More than a third of Nepali a point known as 0 to 10, called the people – over a quarter of the country’s population. people live on less than £10 per month. the focus. The Earth’s Moment Magnitude More than 8,000 people were killed and 16,000 more crust directly above the Scale. This replaced the were injured. Families slept on the streets and children focus is called the epicentre. Richter Scale in the US in 2002. went to schools set up in temporary tents. A huge aftershock happened on 12 May, causing more Seismic waves Epicentre damage. One year later, people are still rebuilding Earth’s crust their lives.

Why was the earthquake so devastating? Part of the reason is because Nepal’s capital city, Kathmandu, where more than one million people live, is only 49 miles away from the epicentre of Focus the earthquake. The epicentre is the point on Earth directly above the earthquake’s focus, which is Tectonic the point inside the Earth’s crust where pressure is plate released. The earthquake itself was very shallow; its source was just nine miles below ground. The shallowness of the source made the shaking of the ground at the surface worse than it would have been Preparing for future disasters if it were a deeper earthquake. The huge tremors Scientists had warned for a and mobile healthcare units are were felt hundreds of miles away in Bangladesh, long time that a catastrophic being set up so the government India and Pakistan. In Nepal’s remote, mountainous earthquake would hit Nepal. can immediately respond to a regions, landslides destroyed and cut off villages. They believe an even bigger one crisis. Earthquakes aren’t the only is still to come. Charities like the natural disasters that the country Red Cross are helping people to faces. It experiences avalanches, prepare by staging simulations, floods and storms every year. so they know what to do in the Geologists believe that global event of an earthquake. Homes warming could be Entire buildings are being built so that they can partly to blame for collapsed during the earthquake. withstand the impact of a quake these events.

SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY SCIENCE PHOTO One year on: working together to rebuild Nepal Helicopters reach Nepal’s Prince Harry helps out A place to smile Building schools mountainous regions. The fire cadets stand DARCY THE SHUTTERSTOCK · SHUTTERSTOCK After Prince Harry’s five-day This temporary camp A group of fire cadets from outside the school. RESCUE DOG royal tour of Nepal in March was set up by an Cheshire heard about the Darcy is part of the UK’s 2016, he stayed for a few agency to look after earthquake in Nepal and What was done to help? International Search and Rescue After the quake, aid flooded in from all over the more days to help rebuild children while their wanted to help. They raised

DFID/RUSSELL WATKINS · DFID/RUSSELL WATKINS this is how they train ©THE WEEK JUNIOR, DENNIS PUBLISHING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. the people of Nepal as they repair and rebuild.” of homes there. in the camp. when the school was finished. for emergency situations. schools.theweekjunior.co.uk schools.theweekjunior.co.uk Junior SCHOOLS All about Antarctic explorers All about Antarctic explorers Welcome to Antarctica – the coldest place in the world Antarctica is one of the most What is Antarctica? FACT! Antarctic animals hostile places on Earth, No people live but that hasn’t stopped permanently in explorers risking their lives Antarctica. to cross the frozen continent. ate last year, an Ladventurer, Henry Worsley, set out to conquer Antarctica. Inspired by his hero, 20th century explorer Antarctica is 1,800 ©THE WEEK JUNIOR, DENNIS PUBLISHING. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. · miles from Australia. Sir Ernest Shackleton, Henry set off on an incredible attempt to do Henry Worsley died on The Southern Ocean is home to several species what no one had managed 24 January 2016 of seals and penguins, including Emperor – to cross the Antarctic, Antarctica is known as the frozen continent. It penguins and Weddell seals. There are very via the South Pole, completely on his own. He pulled a is a huge landmass, almost completely covered few land animals – and those that can survive sledge carrying everything he needed for a journey he by ice. It is so cold, windy and remote that the harsh conditions tend to be very small. Tiny hoped would take him less than 80 days to complete. no-one lives there for more than a few months invertebrates (animals without backbones) It was a huge challenge. The vast and icy continent at a time. It is surrounded by the icy Southern such as mites and midges live in bare soil at regularly endures temperatures of -44°C with winds Ocean, and divided by a huge mountain range the tops of mountains and in birds’ nests. of more than 200mph. Many people have perished – the Transantarctic Mountains. Antarctica’s attempting to cross it. On Friday 22 January, after highest point – Vinson Massif – is almost 5,000 Discover more about Antarctica at covering 913 miles in 71 days, Henry Worsley’s journey metres above sea level, whereas in some places, discoveringantarctica.org.uk came to an end. He was just 30 miles away from his the bottom of the ice sheet is more than 2,000 goal when he called for help. “I have run out of time,” metres below sea level. The water around the POLE · ALPHA PRESS ALAMY SHUTTERSTOCK · GETTY IMAGES PHOTOS SURVEY · PA BRITISH ANTARCTIC he said in an audio message. coast has many huge floating chunks of ice, POSITION Dehydrated, exhausted and known as ice shelves. The largest of these – the DID YOU ill, he was flown to Chile. Two Ross Ice Shelf – is as big as France. An expedition led by the KNOW? days later, on Sunday 24 January, Norwegian explorer, Roald In 1899, The British Antarctic Henry Worsley died in hospital Amundsen, was the first to reach the South Pole on Expedition were the first from a bacterial infection. 14 December 1911. group to spend winter on the General Sir Nick Carter, Antarctic mainland. Despite head of the army and a close the name, there were actually friend of Henry’s, Henry took Ernest only two Brits in the crew, described him as Antarctic ice is up to which was led by A Weddell seal Shackleton’s original “a remarkably 30 million years old. a Norwegian. basks in the sun. compass with him. brave man”.

Five famous 1912 1914 1979 1996 2000 –

schools.theweekjunior.co.uk schools.theweekjunior.co.uk