*UHHFH&RQWULEXWLRQVWR6RFLDO5HSRUWLQJ ,QVWLWXWLRQV$FWLYLWLHV3XEOLFDWLRQV

Laura Maratou-Alipranti

EuReporting Working Paper No. 8

7RZDUGVD(XURSHDQ6\VWHPRI 6RFLDO5HSRUWLQJDQG:HOIDUH 0HDVXUHPHQW

A TSER-Project Financed by the European Commission

Subproject (XURSHDQ6\VWHPRI6RFLDO ,QGLFDWRUV

National Centre for Social Research (EKKE)

Athens 1999 ,QWURGXFWLRQ

In Greece «Social Reporting» and the systematic monitoring and measuring of changes in the social structure are largely underdeveloped. As in other countries, there are different sources of social reporting (general statistics, censuses, microcensuses, household budget, empirical sample surveys etc.), but up to the present there has not been an effort to design comprehensive surveys on well-being, particularly for social reporting purposes.

The present report provides an overview of existing sources for data production and of studies that have been conducted by research institutes, universities and other institutions in our country, and which are important resources and components for the development of social reporting.

For the better presentation of these sources the report is deliberately divided in four parts corresponding to four types of resources. The first type includes the *HQHUDO6WDWLVWLFV, the second the 6HFWRUDO 6RFLDO  5HSRUWV, the third the 6DPSOH 6XUYH\V and the fourth the 5HVHDUFK $WWHPSWV. However, it should be noted that the collection of sources and publications on social reporting included in this study is not exhaustive.

,*HQHUDO6WDWLVWLFV

General Statistics are one of the most important sources for social reporting. Censuses as a broad category - including different types of censuses, offer fundamental information on different fields and domains (i.e. population development and structure, standards of living conditions, education, consumption, employment, income, expenditures, wages and salaries, etc.).

In Greece, there are different types of censuses: a) Population and employment censuses b) Housing censuses c) Censuses of establishment d) National accounts

These different censuses are carried out within a common framework by the Central Statistical Office, ESYE - National Statistical Service of Greece. In the following pages we are going to refer to the main publications of ESYE on special topics: Employment, Household, Surveys, Public Health and Welfare, Culture, Education, Population and National Accounts.

1 Miss Ioanna Dionyssiou, BSc, MA has contributed to the preparation of this report.

2 0DLQSXEOLFDWLRQV

• 0RQWKO\6WDWLVWLFDO%XOOHWLQ *reek and English

• 6WDWLVWLFDO

Years: 1955 till 1982 (out of print) Years: 1983 till 1996 (years 1989, 1994 -95 out of print)

• &RQFLVH6WDWLVWLFDO

Years: 1954 till 1983-84 (out of print) Years: 1985 till 1997 (years 1989, 1994 out of print)

3RSXODWLRQ

• 5HVXOWVRIWKH3RSXODWLRQDQG+RXVLQJ&HQVXVRI Greek and English • 5HVXOWVRIWKH3RSXODWLRQDQG+RXVLQJ&HQVXVRI Greek and English • 5HVXOWVRIWKH3RSXODWLRQDQG+RXVLQJ&HQVXVRI Greek and English • 5HVXOWVRIWKH3RSXODWLRQDQG+RXVLQJ&HQVXVRI Greek and English • 5HVXOWVRIWKH3RSXODWLRQDQG+RXVLQJ&HQVXVRI Greek and English • 5HVXOWVRIWKH3RSXODWLRQDQG+RXVLQJ&HQVXVRI Greek and English (forthcoming). Data are available in floppy disk. • Demographic Trends and Population Projections of Greece Greek and English Years: 1960-1985 • 8UEDQ5XUDO'\QDPLFV Greek and English Years: 1950-1995 • 9LWDO6WDWLVWLFV Greek and French Years: 1956-1996

3 (PSOR\PHQW

• 5HVXOWVRIWKH3RSXODWLRQDQG+RXVLQJ&HQVXVRI Volume III. Employment, Volume IV Economically Non-Active Population Greek and English • 5HVXOWVRIWKH(PSOR\PHQWDQG3D\5ROO6XUYH\LQ,QGXVWU\DQG+DQGLFUDIW Greek and English Years: 1962-1963 • (QTXrWHVXUODVWUXFWXUHHWODUpSDUWLWLRQGHODUpPXQpUDWLRQGHVRXYULHUVGDQV O¶LQGXVWULHDUWLVDQDWHQ Greek and French • 0DLQ5HVXOWVRIWKH5HFHQW&HQVXVHVDQG0DQSRZHU6XUYH\VLQ*UHHFH Greek and English • /DERXU6WDWLVWLFV Greek and French Years: 1967-1971 • (QTXrWHVXUOHFR€WGHODPDLQG¶RHXYUHGDQVO¶LQGXVWULHPDQXIDFWXULqUH Greek-French Years: 1969-1978 • Employment Survey Conducted in Urban and Semi-Urban Areas Greek Years: 1974-1980 • /DERXU)RUFH6XUYH\V Greek Years: 1981-1993, (unpublished data until 1997) • (QTXrWHVXUOHFR€WGHODPDLQG¶RHXYUH Greek-French Years: 1981, 1983, 1984, 1988, 1992 • /DERXU6WDWLVWLFV 4XDUWHUO\ Greek Years: 1990-1997 • &ULPLQDO-XVWLFH6WDWLVWLFV Greek Years: 1960-1995

+RXVHKROG6XUYH\V

• +RXVHKROG6XUYH\&DUULHG2XWLQWKH8UEDQ$UHDVRI*UHHFH Greek and English Years: 1957-58, 1962-63 – 1968-69 • +RXVHKROG6XUYH\&DUULHG2XWLQWKH6HPL8UEDQDQG5XUDO$UHDVRI*UHHFH Greek and English Years: 1963-64 • 6XUYH\VRI+RXVHKROG([SHQGLWXUH Greek and English Years: 1974, 1981-82, 1987-88, 1993-1994

4 3XEOLF+HDOWKDQG:HOIDUH

• 5HVXOWVRIWKH&HQVXVRIWKH+RVSLWDOVRI*UHHFH Greek and English • Social Welfare and Health Statistics Greek and English Years: 1967-1993 • $QQXDO6WDWLVWLFDO6XUYH\RI&DQFHU Greek and English Years: 1967-1982

(GXFDWLRQ±&XOWXUH

• 5HVXOWVRIWKHSRSXODWLRQDQGKRXVLQJFHQVXVRI 9ROXPH,,(GXFDWLRQ Greek and English • 6WDWLVWLFVRI(OHPHQWDU\(GXFDWLRQ Greek Years: 1954-1971 • 6WDWLVWLFVRI6HFRQGDU\(GXFDWLRQ Greek Years: 1954-1971 • 6WDWLVWLFVRI7HUWLDU\(GXFDWLRQ Greek and French Years: 1955-1971 • 6WDWLVWLFVRI7HFKQLFDODQG3URIHVVLRQDO(GXFDWLRQ Greek Years: 1956-1971 • (GXFDWLRQDO6WDWLVWLFV Greek and summary in French Years: 1971-1992 • &XOWXUDO6WDWLVWLFV Greek Years: 1970-1994 • 'DWDIURPWKH6XUYH\RQ6FLHQWLILFDQG7HFKQRORJLFDO5HVHDUFK8QLWV Greek • 'DWDIURPWKH6XUYH\RQ6FLHQWLILFDQG7HFKQRORJLFDO5HVHDUFK8QLWV Greek

1DWLRQDO$FFRXQWV

• 3URYLVLRQDO1DWLRQDO$FFRXQWVRI*UHHFH Greek and English Years: 1989-1996 (Provisional data until 1997)

5 • 4XDUWHUO\1DWLRQDO$FFRXQWVRI*UHHFH Greek and English Years: 1984-1991

0LQLVWU\RI(PSOR\PHQWDQG6RFLDO6HFXULW\

6RFLDO%XGJHW$QQXDOUHSRUW

This annual set of statistics is published by the General Secretariat of Social Security of the Ministry of Employment and Social Security. It presents the current prices, analytically, and the total amounts which will be provided by the government and the other social protection agencies. It also includes important information about the number of social security beneficiaries, the pensioners, the personnel, the social security agencies, the income and expenses of the agencies, their heredity status, the protection they offer and the expenses for health and social welfare. The volume focuses on social protection, social security, financial data for social security agencies, as well as on population data of those under social security and number of pensioners.

0LQLVWU\RI3XEOLF2UGHU

6WDWLVWLFDO\HDUERRNRIWKH0LQLVWU\RI3XEOLF2UGHU

The volume contains: -Criminal statistics -Police statistics -Traffic accidents -Statistics for foreigners living in Greece -Statistics on health inspections and controls (restaurants, food etc.) -Statistics on sample taking and seizures of objects

,,6HFWRUDO6RFLDO5HSRUWV

A second important approach in the production of social data is the harmonisation and standardisation of available statistics in order to make them more valid, and the formulation of social and economic indicators, time series, etc.

Different sHFWRUDO UHSRUWV prepared in research institutes -public or private- and administrative institutions, which are based on the national statistics studies, attempt to classify existing data in a comprehensive way and to produce sectional and functional reports, time series etc. (e.g. economy, housing, employment, income, etc.). These reports play an important role in the investigation, interpretation and evaluation of existing statistics as well as in the development of indicators in different domains.

6 1DWLRQDO&HQWUHIRU6RFLDO5HVHDUFK (..(

The 1DWLRQDO&HQWUHIRU6RFLDO5HVHDUFK constitutes the most important public institution of social research in Greece. The Centre’s research activities are organised around its research institutes. These are: 1. The Institute of Urban and Rural Sociology 2. The Institute of Political Sociology 3. The Institute of Social Policy

A number of sectoral reports already published, which have been realised within the framework of the National Centre for Social Research (EKKE), are cited as examples.

• 'LPHQVLRQVRI6RFLDO([FOXVLRQLQ*UHHFH0DLQ,VVXHVDQG3ROLF\3ULRULWLHV Karantinos D., Maratou-Alipranti L., Fronimou E., (eds.) Vol. I and II, Athens, National Centre for Social Research, 1996, 526p. and 344p. (2nd edition 1999).

The two volumes include various studies which analyse and describe available social and economic data on specific topics and categories of population. We will refer to the more relevant studies.

• 6RFLDO([FOXVLRQDQG(GXFDWLRQDO,QHTXDOLWLHV (M. Chryssakis)

The study presents the educational dimensions of social exclusion and the educational inequalities which are compared at national and regional level. Special attention is paid to the causal effect of social origin and poverty on inequalities of access in tertiary education and on the completion of the basic educational level.

• /DERXU0DUNHW)XQFWLRQDQG6RFLDO([FOXVLRQ M. Ketsejopoulou - N. Bouzas)

The study examines the evolution of unemployment and the structural changes of employment, in order to investigate their contribution to the increase of poverty and social exclusion. The analysis shows that the most vulnerable groups include the young unemployed, long-term unemployed, school leavers, women working in low-paid economic sectors and finally the foreign illegal labour force and repatriated Greeks.

• *HRJUDSKLFDO([FOXVLRQ (D. Economou)

The study examines the existence of social exclusion by geographical origin in Greece. The following specific aspects of the phenomenon are studied: inter-regional disparities, inter-departmental disparities, and spatial inequalities which are due either to the transport system or to the inaccessibility of mountainous regions, due to their remote location.

7 • )DPLO\+RXVLQJ3UDFWLFHVDQG6HJUHJDWLRQLQ$WKHQVDQG9RORV (T. Maloutas)

In this paper we discuss the role of family based on social reproduction processes in shaping urban segregation in Greece, by analysing two cities: Athens and Volos. The discussion is focused on housing practices and particularly on family strategies for home ownership as well as management strategies of the family housing stock. Examining these strategies and practices during the post-war decades, family strategies are changing impact on segregation.

• )RUHLJQ/DERXU)RUFH7UHQGVDQGWKH3UREOHPRI6RFLDO,QWHJUDWLRQ (L. Maratou-Alipranti)

The report analyses trends in legal and illegal labour force participation. The existing data do not permit in-depth examination of prevailing conditions and changing trends. Especially, there is a need of data on individual-level social characteristics, living conditions and access to services. After an examination of the institutional framework for immigrants and state policies, the existing programs and services are reviewed.

• /LPLWVLQWKH(GXFDWLRQDQG3URIHVVLRQDO&KRLFHVRIWKH+DQGLFDSSHGLQ*UHHFH (M. Kassotakis, S. Papapetrou, N. Fakiolas)

Access to all levels of education for handicapped people is still a key question in Greece. The purpose of this report is to explore the limits related to those special needs and the recent developments regarding the number of pupils and educational personnel. In addition to the effort to describe the problems of handicapped people in Greece, the authors try to elaborate further the state and causes of the above situation and also to propose effective ways of dealing with the problem

• $LGVDQG6RFLDO([FOXVLRQ (J. Yfantopoulos)

The main objectives of this study can be summarised as: 1) To use epidemiological and econometric models in order to establish some predictions concerning the evolution of Aids in Greece. 2) To study the impact of economic and social aspects of the disease upon the health, welfare and social systems. 3) To formulate policy proposals for the development of preventive strategies and the adoption of health education programs for the public and the personnel working in the health sector.

• 7KH([FOXVLRQRI:RPHQ)URPWKH/DERXU0DUNHWLQ*UHHFH (H. Symeonidou)

The low participation of women in the labour force in Greece can be explained, among other factors, by inflexible labour market conditions: women either work continuously, or if they stop working after marriage or after the birth of the first child, cannot be re- integrated in the labour force. Part-time employment is very low in Greece, the lowest among the European Union countries.

8 • 6RFLRHFRQRPLF,QHTXDOLWLHVLQ+RXVLQJ6HFWRU (A. Kouveli, K. Sakellaropoulos)

Statistical averages hide the differences, often marked ones, of the subject under consideration. In the housing survey, conducted by the EKKE, it attempts to avoid such a pitfall, by formulating a typology on housing conditions of the various social groups. The typology revealed that the problematic conditions, as far as the socio-economic characteristics of households were concerned, went hand in hand with shortcomings in housing conditions.

• $JHQFLHV5HODWHGWR(QYLURQPHQW,VVXHV$/LVWRIWKH1RQ*RYHUQPHQWDO(FRORJLFDO (QYLURQPHQWDO2UJDQLVDWLRQV ( Tsakiris K., Sakellaropoulos K., Thedoropoulos K., Tsitiridou Ev. & Sionidou A.)

This report contains a list of references to ministries, organisations and enterprises of the wider public sector, regions, research centres - institutions, higher and academic educational institutions, political parties - union agencies, borough authority, municipalities, local unions of municipalities and districts, public - inter-regional developmental enterprises, environmental agencies, European Community, catalogue of non-governmental ecological - environmental organisations. The report also describes how the research team worked in order to produce this report.

• 7KH3UHYDLOLQJ&DU6\VWHPLQWKH$WKHQV0HWURSROLWDQ$UHD (Balourdos D., Mouriki A., Sakellaropoulos K., Theodoropoulos K. & Tsakiris K.)

This working paper is a descriptive account of the current transport system of the city of Athens, and of its linkages to population settlement, urban planning, road planning, and to the environment. It includes one section on the Greek contribution to a multi-dimensional comparison between four European cities: Athens, Bologna, Dublin, and Helsinki. This comparative study is part of the on-going European research project funded by the TSER RTD Programme titled “SceneSusTech: Scenarios for a Sustainable Society. Car Transport Systems and the Sociology of Embedded Technologies”.

• +RXVLQJ3ROLF\DQG6RFLDO([FOXVLRQ (D. Economou, A. Sapounakis)

The study examines the existence of social exclusion concerning housing conditions, with a specific emphasis on phenomena linked to the broadly defined state housing policy. Such phenomena concern, mainly, specific groups of the population that are defined on the basis of their socio-economic status as well as on cultural and ethnic features and/or features of geographical origin. The examination of variables, such as home-ownership, access to housing, the technical characteristics of existing housing stock etc. shows that access to proper housing varies among the various population groups.

9 • ,QFRPH,QHTXDOLW\DQG'HYHORSPHQWLQ*UHHFH$'HFRPSRVLWLRQ$QDO\VLV (Papatheodorou, Ch.) Working Paper 1998/4

This paper investigates income inequality in Greece using a decomposition analysis of inequality by income source. This analysis provides us with additional valuable information that allow us to evaluate the influences of particular government policies for growth and development on inequality and poverty. Development does not have a value-free meaning.

• 'LVDEOHG&KLOGUHQDQG7KHLU)DPLOLHVLQ0HGLWHUUDQHDQ&RXQWULHV$3UHOLPLQDU\ 6WXG\LQ*UHHFH (Kottaridi Y., Kappi Ch., Adam E.) Working Paper No 1 1998/1

The goal of this paper is to create a flexible, bilingual (English and Greek) instrument of communication capable of serving as a forum for scholarly dialogue among social scientists in Greece and elsewhere and as a mechanism for the dissemination of ideas and knowledge issuing from such an exchange.

• )OH[LEOH(PSOR\PHQWDQG(PSOR\PHQW,QVHUWLRQLQ*UHHFH (Dimitris Karantinos) Working Paper 1998/2

Following discussions with the social partners, the Greek government is currently preparing a package of labour market reforms which seek to increase flexibility in employment relations. This paper analyses the structure and trends of flexible employment in Greece and more specifically the evolution and character of part-time and temporary employment.

• 5HFHQW6RFLDO7UHQGVLQ*UHHFH (Charalambis, L. Maratou-Alipranti, A. Hadjiyannis (eds.), Mc Gills University Press, forthcoming)

The national volume consists of 70 units - trends based on the analytic catalogue which has been created by the international research team Comparative Charting of Social Change (CCSC). The macro-sociological trends of social reformation during the last thirty years are analysed.

&HQWUHRI3ODQQLQJDQG(FRQRPLF5HVHDUFK .(3(

.(3( (Centre of Planning and Economic Research) is a public entity whose essential goal is the scientific study of the financial problems in Greece, the setting of designs of programmes of regional and local development and the monitoring of the short-term and mid-term evolution of the Greek economy. The studies provide basic data and indicators of regional socio-economic development in Greece. The content of different studies refer to relevant categories of social reporting and more specifically to: 1. Social security, health, welfare 2. Economic development and programming 3. Population - regional distribution

10 4. Manpower - labour market - employment 5. Education 6. Environment

5HOHYDQW3XEOLFDWLRQV

)LHOG$UHDV

$6RFLDO6HFXULW\+HDOWK:HOIDUH&LYLOLVDWLRQ4XDOLW\RI/LIH

• Wood A., (1970). $Q$QDO\VLVRIWKH+HDOWKDQG:HOIDUH6HUYLFHVLQ*UHHFH • KEPE, (1972). (YROXWLRQLQ/LIHVW\OHV • KEPE, +HDOWK5HSRUW, years 1972, 1976 • KEPE, 6RFLDO:HOIDUH5HSRUWyears 1972, 1976, 1980, 1985, 1989 • KEPE, 6RFLDO6HFXULW\5HSRUW years 1976, 1988, 1990 • Wood A., (1986). 8QLILHG6RFLDO3ODQQLQJLQWKH*UHHN&RQWH[W • KEPE, (1991). (TXDOLW\RIWKH7ZR6H[HV • KEPE, (1992). &XOWXUDO'HYHORSPHQW • Canellopoulos C., (1992). ,QFRPHVDQG3RYHUW\RIWKH*UHHN(OGHUO\ • Chletsos M., Kollias Chr., Manolas G., (1997). &KDQJHVLQ6RFLDO3ROLF\6RFLDO ,QVXUDQFH5HVWUXFWXULQJWKH/DERXU0DUNHWDQGWKH5ROHRIWKH6WDWHLQ*UHHFHLQWKH 3HULRGRI(XURSHDQ,QWHJUDWLRQ

%6WDWLVWLFV

• Katochianou D., Tonikidou P., Kavvadia P., (1997). %DVLF'DWDRI5HJLRQDO6RFLR (FRQRPLF'HYHORSPHQWLQ*UHHFHAthens: KEPE

It includes various socio-economic data for regions and departments of the country for the years 1971-1994. Here are examined Demography, Employment, Gross Domestic Product, Tourism, Welfare and Investment for the above years.

&(GXFDWLRQ

• KEPE (1972) &RVWRI3XEOLF(GXFDWLRQ • Kanellopoulos K. (1994) +XPDQ5HVRXUFHV3RSXODWLRQ/DERXU0DUNHW(GXFDWLRQ • Karmas K.A. (1995). 7KH*UHHN(GXFDWLRQ7RZDUGVWKH

11

''HYHORSPHQW3URJUDPV

• KEPE (1983). 3URJUDPRI(FRQRPLFDQG6RFLDO'HYHORSPHQWPreliminary Stage. • KEPE (1985). 3URJUDPRI(FRQRPLFDQG6RFLDO'HYHORSPHQWPreliminary Stage - Final Report. • KEPE (1986). 3URFHVV5HSRUWRI)LYH

((QYLURQPHQW+RXVLQJ

• KEPE (1976) . 7KH(QYLURQPHQW3URWHFWLRQ,PSURYHPHQW'HYHORSPHQW • Katohianou D. & Theodori - Markogiannaki E.(1989). 7KH*UHHN6\VWHPRI8UEDQ &HQWUHV • Plessas D. (1980). 7KH6RFLDO&RVWVRI$LU3ROOXWLRQLQWKH*UHDWHU$WKHQV$UHD • Petrakis E., Xepapadeas A., (1994). (QYLURQPHQWDO&RQVFLRXVQHVVDQG0RUDO+D]DUGLQ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO$JUHHPHQWVWR3URWHFWWKH(QYLURQPHQW • Rapanos V., (1995). 7KHHIIHFWVRI(QYLURQPHQWDO7D[HVRQ,QFRPH'LVWULEXWLRQ

)3RSXODWLRQ:RUN)RUFH(PSOR\PHQW

• Grossman J. (1986).$VWXG\RIWKH*UHHN/DERXU)RUFH6WDWLVWLFV • Papandreou N., Lalonde R. (1986). 7KH0DQSRZHU5HSRUWRI.(3(7KH &KDUDFWHULVWLFVRIWKH*UHHN/DERXU0DUNHW • KEPE (1978). 3RSXODWLRQLQ*UHHFH7UHQGVDQG3HUVSHFWLYHV • Glytsos N.P. & Papakonstantinou P. (1980). *UHHN3RSXODWLRQ5HJLRQDODQG:RUN )RUFH'LVWULEXWLRQ7UHQGV  DQG3URMHFWLRQV (  Report of the Human Resources Department, it was formed as part of the Program of Regional Evolution 1981-1985. • Kanellopoulos K.N. (1984). 7KH(OGHUO\LQ*UHHFH6WDWLVWLFDO$QDO\VLVRI6RFLR (FRQRPLF&KDUDFWHULVWLFV • Glytsos N.P. (1988). 5HJLRQDO,QHTXDOLWLHVLQ*UHHFH'HPRJUDSKLFDQG(FRQRPLF &KDUDFWHULVWLFV

*3ULFHV,QFRPHV&RQVXPSWLRQ

• Crockett J.(English 1967 - Greek 1970). &RQVXPSWLRQ&RVWVDQG,QFRPHLQ*UHHFH • Gamaletssos Th. G. (1975). $QDO\VLVRI3ULYDWH&RQVXPSWLRQ&RVWVRIWKH*UHHN (FRQRP\ • Athanassiou L. (1984). 7KH'LVWULEXWLRQRI,QFRPHLQ*UHHFH0HDVXUHVRQWKH'HJUHH RQ8QHTXDO'LVWULEXWLRQLQWKH5HFHQW

12 • Kanellopoulos K. (Greek 1990, English 1992). 8QGHUJURXQG(FRQRP\LQ*UHHFH:KDW WKH2IILFLDO'DWD6KRZ • Athanassiou L.A. (1991). (FRQRPLF,QHTXDOLWLHVLQ*UHHFH(YROXWLRQVDQG3RVVLEOH &RQVHTXHQFHV • Yotopoulos P., (1984). 0LGGOH,QFRPH&ODVVHVDQG)RRG&ULVHV7KH1HZ)RRG)HHG &RPSHWLWLRQ

+(FRQRP\

• Ellis S. H. (1965). 7KH,QGXVWULDO&DSLWDOWRWKH'HYHORSPHQWRIWKH*UHHN(FRQRP\ • Dellas H. (1993). 6WDELOLVDWLRQ3ROLF\DQG/RQJ7HUP*URZWK$UHWKH\5HODWHG" • Sakkas A. (1996). 7KH$UWLFXODWLRQ3UREOHPDQGWKH(FRQRPLF3URJUDPPLQJLQ3RVW :DU*UHHFH

0LQLVWU\RI(GXFDWLRQ

7KH 3HGDJRJLFDO ,QVWLWXWH is a public entity located in Athens, and is dependent on the Ministry of National Education and Religion. Its main objectives are the research and study on issues of primary education, the formation of suggestions for the educational policy, the follow up of the evolution of educational technology, and the organisation of training programs for teachers.

5HFHQW3XEOLFDWLRQ:

Palaiokrassas S., Rousseas P., Vretakou V., Panagiotopoulou I. (1996), 6WXGHQWV 6FKRRO 'URSSLQJ 2XW ,Q +LJK 6FKRRO DQG 7KHLU 1HHGV IRU 9RFDWLRQDO (GXFDWLRQ DQG 7UDLQLQJ, Athens: Pedagogical Institute, Ministry of Education and Organisation of Vocational Education (OEEK).

The report concerns the problem of school dropping out, the quantitative and qualitative data on high-school dropping out. It also offers general conclusions and suggestions.

2WKHU5HOHYDQW6WXGLHV5HODWHGWR(GXFDWLRQDO3URFHGXUHV

• Lariou - Drettaki M. (1993), 'URSSLQJRXWRI)XQGDPHQWDO6FKRRO

The book refers to the general literature on school dropping out, identification of the problem in Greece, statistical correlation of different socio-economic and educational factors related to school dropping out. It also refers to the data of original research conducted through the use of a sample of students who dropped out from school and to conclusions of that original research.

13 • Papatheofilou R. & Vosniadou S. (eds.) (1998) 6FKRRO'URSSLQJ2XW&DXVHV &RQVHTXHQFHV6XJJHVWLRQV Athens: Gutemberg.

This is a collection of studies on the dropping out issue. Mainly, data from a study conducted in Ioannina Region between 1980 and 1983, the dropping out in secondary education at the areas of Piraeus, Peloponnisos, Dodekanisa, New Liosia in Athens. It also refers to the dropping out from the technical education, the dropping out of students of Muslim origin, of students of native origin coming from foreign countries, adolescents which have lived in institutions, students which developed psychotic problems.

• Panagiotopoulou I. (1993), 7KH*HRJUDSK\RI(GXFDWLRQDO'LIIHUV7KH+LJKHU 9RFDWLRQDO(GXFDWLRQLQ3RVW:DU*UHHFHAthens: Odysseas Publications.

This study refers to the structure of higher vocational education, its historical development through the reformationsof 1959-1990, education as a social service, the distance of higher vocational institutions, the access to vocational educational institutions, the school programs and students behaviour.

• Psaharopoulos, G. (1989), «Education and Employment: The Eternal Gap and WaysRI Tackling It» -RXUQDO(GXFDWLRQDQG(PSOR\PHQW, 2, 2, pp. 129-133.

The study examines the theories which explain why it is utopia for someone to attempt to combine education and employment. Suggestions are made of how the unemployment problem could be tackled.

• Psaharopoulos S. & Palaiokrassas S. (1990), «The Technological - Vocational and Technological Education: Problems and Perspectives Attaining the Year 2000»-RXUQDO (GXFDWLRQDQG(PSOR\PHQW, 2, 3, p. 217-230.

The report attempts to define the most important tensions which influence the development of technical-vocational education in Greece and analyses the main problems it faces. This is considered as very important for the structuring of different suggestions for educational policy.

• Psaharopoulos G. & Kazamias A. (1985), (GXFDWLRQDQG'HYHORSPHQWLQ*UHHFH 6RFLDODQG)LQDQFLDO6WXG\RI7HUWLDU\(GXFDWLRQ, Athens: EKKE

The study includes evaluation criteria, institutional and pedagogical frameworks and social dimensions of tertiary education in Greece as well as financial and programming issues.

14  8QLYHUVLW\RI$WKHQV 5HVHDUFK8QLWV

• (3,.$<36RFLDO6HFXULW\+HDOWKDQG:HOIDUH8QLYHUVLW\5HVHDUFK,QVWLWXWH 'LUHFWHGE\3URIHVVRU-.UHPDOLV

The institute was established in 1994 aiming to further development of academic research. It is technologically equipped and runs a lot of research on the issues of social security, health and welfare. They have published the following studies referring to social security issues:

• Kremalis K. D. (ed.) (1996), 6LPSOLILFDWLRQDQG6\VWHPDWLVDWLRQRI6RFLDO3URWHFWLRQ 5XOHVPapers presented in conferences, Athens: EPIKAYP p. 228. • Mathaiou A.K. (1996) ,QWHUDFWLRQRI6RFLDO6HFXULW\DQG:HOIDUH5XOHVLQWKH +DQGLFDS(OGHUO\DQG)DPLO\%XUGHQILHOG$UHDV, Ph.D. Thesis, p. 262. • Kremalis K.D. (ed. (1996) 3HQDOWLHVRI6RFLDO6HFXULW\LQ&ROOHFWLYH(PSOR\PHQW &RQWUDFWVDQG6RFLDO'HEDWHAthens: EPIKAYP, p.130. • Kremalis K.D. (ed.) (1997) 5HFHLYHURI3HQDO&RGHRQ6RFLDO6HFXULW\ Athens: EPIKAYP. • Kremalis K.D. (ed.) 6RFLDO3URWHFWLRQRI+DQGLFDSSHG Athens: EPIKAYP. • Kremalis K.D (ed.) 3UREOHPVRI'LIIHUHQWLDWLRQ%HWZHHQ3ULYDWHDQG6RFLDO6HFXULW\ Collective Research, p. 208.

• 'HSDUWPHQWRI6RFLDO3ROLF\ 'LUHFWHGE\3URIHVVRU-

In the Laboratory of Social Policy researchers are collecting data and time series from different sources, and various databases have been created on the following topics for the years 1997-1998:

- Quality of life - Well-being - Satisfaction with health and social security - Assessment of the social system, years 1997-1998

They also elaborate data from Eurostat on : - Living Conditions - Housing Conditions

• &HQWUHIRU3HQDODQG&ULPLQRORJLFDO5HVHDUFK &3&5 'LUHFWHGE\3URIHVVRU.'6SLQHOOL

The CPCR was re-established by Presidential Decree 535/1991 in the Penal Sciences Section of the University of Athens, Faculty of Law. The main goals of the Centre are:

15 a) to conduct research in the fields of criminology, criminal justice, penal law, penal procedure, penology and criminalistics, b) to promote the study of these subjects. The activities of the CPCR are carried out by faculty members and other staff members of the Penal Sciences Section under the guidance of the director or a deputy director (Professor Dr. N. Kourakis).

Moreover, approximately 20 post-graduate and graduate students trained in field research and/or data processing assist in research projects working on a part-time or even voluntary basis.

Regarding research activities the CPCR participated in a number of cross-cultural empirical studies covering a wide spectrum of subjects such as a completed project concerning the International Self-Report Delinquency study (1992-1993), the first major research of this kind in Greece.

Main Publications in English Language

• Profile of the «Centre for Penal and Criminological Research», in (XURSHDQ-RXUQDO RQ&ULPH3ROLF\DQG5HVHDUFK, vol. 3, no. 1, pp.100-103. • C.D.Spinellis, E.Apospori, M.Kranidioti, Y.Simiyianni and N.Angelopoulou (1994). «Key-Findings of a Preliminary Self-Report Delinquency Study in Athens, Greece»,LQ J.Junger-Tas/G.-J. Terlouw, M.W.Klein (eds.)©'HOLQTXHQW%HKDYLRXU$PRQJ

2WKHU3XEOLFDWLRQV

• Proceedings of a two days conference on: &ULPHDQG'UXJ7UDIILFNLQJ,QWHUEDONDQ &RRSHUDWLRQIRUWKH3UHYHQWLRQRIWKH'LVWULEXWLRQRI'UXJ6XEVWDQFHV&KDOOHQJH ,QYLWDWLRQDQG&RRSHUDWLRQIRUWKH5HGXFHRI2IIHUCPCR and 3rd Week of Prevention of Drug Abuse, Athens, 1999.

It includes different presentations regarding the issues of drug abuse and drug trafficking.

16 • CPCR, (GXFDWLRQ7UDLQLQJ(PSOR\PHQW,QDQG2XWRI3ULVRQ3URJUDPVDQG9LVLRQV Athens, 1997.

This publication refers to educational and training programs in and out of prisons.

2WKHU5HOHYDQW6WXGLHVWR&ULPLQRORJ\

• Daskalakis E. (1981) 7KH7UHDWPHQWRIWKH&ULPLQDO9olume A , Athens: EKKE.

This volume refers to the definition of the term treatment of the criminal, the historical development of this treatment, different theories having to do with this issue. It refers to the treatment of the adult criminal, the way the correctional institutions operate and explanations on the issue of discipline in correctional institutions.

• Dedicated Volume to «Elia Daskalaki»: The *UHHN5HYLHZRI6RFLDO5HVHDUFK, Special Issue, Spring 1988 (68A)

The volume includes different articles on the prison institution, the phenomenon of youngsters marginalisation, prisons and criminal justice system in Greece.

• Tsigris A.A. (1996) 5DSH7KH,QYLVLEOH&ULPHAthens: Sakoulas Publications.

The report refers to the crime rape reporting to the police, the particularities of rape explanations on the empirical approach of the phenomenon of reporting rape to the police and conclusions of the study.

• Thanopoulou, M., Fronimou, E., Tsilimigaki, V. (1997). :RPHQ3ULVRQHUV3HQGLQJ 5HOHDVHWKH5LJKWIRU3URIHVVLRQDO,QWHJUDWLRQ5HLQWHJUDWLRQ. Athens-Komotini: Sakoulas Publications.

The study refers to the problems of women pending release, their possibilities for vocational training both during imprisonment and after release as well as to the difficulties which women ex-prisoners face for integration/reintegration in the labour market.

 ,1((PSOR\PHQW5HVHDUFK,QVWLWXWHRIWKH*HQHUDO)HGHUDWLRQRI*UHHN :RUNHUV *6(( 'LUHFWHGE\3URIHVVRU65REROLV

This is a research institute which run research on the work force, labour market, women employment from different aspects of view. INE is the tool of the Syndicalistic movement because it contributes to the GSEE actions. For the year 1991 a magazine called “Information Magazine” is published describing it’s research activities. Since 1996 they publish from time to time off-prints on work force issues. They have conducted different

17 research on flexibility in corporations and on productivity. At the present time they run an investigation for European Monetary Union, employment and employment relations, and another one on development of a map of women employment .

Recent Publications:

• INE (1998) (YDOXDWLRQIRUWKH

 (,(1DWLRQDO,QVWLWXWHRI5HVHDUFKRQ(PSOR\PHQW 0LQLVWU\RI(PSOR\PHQWDQG 6RFLDO6HFXULW\

The National Institute of Research on Employment (EIE) is trying to upgrade their management tools by setting a strategic development plan for employment, fields of employment, employment relations, social welfare and vocational training for the time period between 1999-2006, and within this framework they have defined a schedule for the year 1999. For the year 1998 this attempt focuses on following the vocational procedures in the fields of the National Action Plan regarding employment and the capital for human workforce of the Regional Development plan of 2000-2006 which is going to be funded by the third Social Framework Support. The strategic plan will follow already set political priorities for the workforce. They run investigations which are to the direct interest of the Ministry of Employment and Social Security. They are funded for the upgrading procedure by the Ministry of Employment and Social Security and the EC for the management of vocational and educational programmes. They have published a series of studies, such as the following:

• Karagianni B. (1998), 7KH3KDUPDFLVWVDQGWKH&RQGLWLRQVRI2SHUDWLRQRIWKH 3KDUPDF\0DUNHWAthens, EIE. • Hasapis D. (1998),4XDOLW\DQG&RQWLQXHV9RFDWLRQDO7UDLQLQJLQ*UHHFHAthens, EIE. • Baloti E. (1998),,QLWLDODQG&RQWLQXRXV3URIHVVLRQDO7UDLQLQJAthens, EIE.

18  (3$1DWLRQDO2EVHUYDWRU\RI(PSOR\PHQW 2$('

(3$is a research unitwhich is affiliated to OAED (Manpower Employment Organisation (Ministry of Employment)). It provides indicators for regional development. It runs research on labour market issues. Some of their regular publications are:

• $UWLFXODWHG3LFWXUHDQG(YROXWLRQVRI/DERXU0DUNHW1997, 1998.

It describes the current situation of labour market emphasising on structural developments. It refers to employment and unemployment.

• 5HJLRQDO,QGLFDWRUVRI(PSOR\PHQWDQG8QHPSOR\PHQW

Here, the main indicators are presented which describe the labour market for all the 13 administrative regions of the country. More specifically indicators of labour force participation, employment, unemployment and long term unemployment are included, diachronically.

1DWLRQDO6FKRRORI3XEOLF+HDOWK&HQWUHRI+HDOWK6RFLDO6WXGLHV

The research unit, «Centre of Health Social Studies» conduct studies on social security and health welfare issues. Some of their publications are the following:

• Beazoglou T., Heffley D., Kyriopoulos G. (eds.) (1998), +XPDQ5HVRXUFHV6XSSO\DQG &RVW&RQWDLQHULQWKH+HDOWK6\VWHPAthens, Exandas Publications. • Kyriopoulos G., Kornarou, H., Paparizos V., Gitona, M. (eds.) (1998), $LGV&RVW $QDO\VLVDQG3DWLHQW&ODVVLILFDWLRQAthens: Exandas Publications. • Kyriopoulos, G., Kornarou, H. Gitona M. (eds.) (1996), $LGV(FRQRPLFV&RVW $QDO\VLV0DQDJHPHQWDQG3URVSHFWLYH)LQDQFLQJAthens: Exandas Publications. • Beazoglou T., Heffley, D., Kyriopoulos, G. (eds.) (1998), +XPDQ5HVRXUFHV6XSSO\ DQG&RVW&RQWDLQHULQWKH+HDOWK6\VWHP Athens: Exandas Publications. • Kyriopoulos G., Filalithis T. (eds.) (1996), 3ULPDU\+HDOWK&DUHLQ*UHHFHAthens: Themelio Publications. • Kyriopoulos G., Georgousi E., Margaritidou B., Symeonidou H.(eds.) (1995), +HDOWK 6RFLDO:HOIDUHDQG)DPLO\Athens, Centre on Social Researches on Health. • Kyriopoulos G., Gitona M. (1995). 7KH,QWHUERUGHU0RYHPHQWRI3DWLHQWVLQ*UHHFH DQG(XURSHAthens: Exandas Publications. • Kyriopoulos G., Georgoussi E. (eds.) (1994). 3DWLHQWVDQG+HDOWK3URIHVVLRQV, Athens, Health Professions Academy. • Kyriopoulos G., Niakas D. (1994). +HDOWK)LQDQFLDODQG3ROLF\,VVXHV, Athens: Centre of Health Social Sciences. • Kyriopoulos G., Georgousi E., Skoutelis J. (eds.) (1993). +HDOWKDQG6RFLDO3URWHFWLRQ IRUWKH(OGHUO\Athens: Centre of Health Social Sciences. • Kyriopoulos G. (1993). +HDOWK&RVWVLQ*UHHFH Athens: Centre of Health Social Sciences.

19 • Kyriopoulos G., Kornarou E., Paparizos B. (eds.)(1993). )LQDQFHDQG$LGV 0DQDJHPHQWLQ*UHHFH Athens: Centre of Health Social Sciences. • Kyriopoulos G. (1992). )LQDQFHDQG3ROLFLHVRI+HDOWK6HUYLFHVAthens: Centre of Health Social Sciences. • Kyriopoulos G., Niakas D. (1991). 7KH)LQDQFLQJRI+HDOWK6HUYLFHVLQ*UHHFH, Athens: Centre of Health Social Sciences. • Kyriopoulos G., Tsalikis G., Levett J. (eds.). +HDOWK&DUH5HIRUPLQWKH%DONDQ5HJLRQ Athens: Exandas Publications.

.(.02.237KH6RFLDO0RUSKRORJ\DQG6RFLDO3ROLF\5HVHDUFK&HQWUH 3DQWHLRQ8QLYHUVLW\$WKHQV

The Social Morphology and Social Policy Research Centre (KEKMOKOP) according to the Greek acronym is a research unit of the Department of Social Policy and Anthropology of Panteion University. The main targets of the Centre include:

• Synchronic, diachronic and comparative sociological and anthropological research concerning social morphology, social dynamics and social policy in Greece. • The production of general educational, audio-visual and other auxiliary material for the support and advancement of effective teaching, training and research on issues.

The KEKMOKOP activities are to run research programs, organise conferences, publish books, contact with foreign agencies and financial issues. One of its publications is:

• Kasimati K. (1992). 3RQWLDQV5HIXJHVRIWKH)RUPHU6RYLHW8QLRQGeneral Secretariat of Greek Refugees, Ministry of Culture, Panteion University & KEKMOKOP.

)RXQGDWLRQIRU0HGLWHUUDQHDQ6WXGLHV )06

It is an independent, non-profit organisation, operating under the general supervision of the Ministries of Culture and Finance. It promotes research in social and related sciences with emphasis on the East and South European, Balkan and Mediterranean regions. It aims at the formation and training of researchers and students. Its main objectives and general principles of orientation include:

• The social and economic mobility in Europe, in the Balkan Peninsula and in the Mediterranean region. • The mediating role of Greece in the relations between the European Union and the Balkans, the Mediterranean, Eastern European and non-EU countries • The Euro-Mediterranean co-operation. • The discovery of common social, economic and cultural characteristics in the Southern European countries. The elaboration of relevant criteria and the development of joint projects and exchanges.

20 • Research on the Greek society and the detection of its particularities.

Some of the relevant publications are the following:

• Babanassis S. (1985). 3HFXOLDULWLHVLQWKH'HYHORSPHQWRI6RXWKHUQ(XURSH,V7KHUHD 6RXWKHUQ(XURSHDQ0RGHO"Athens, FMS, p. 432. • Moysidis A. (1986). $JULFXOWXUDO6RFLHW\LQ0RGHUQ*UHHFH3URGXFWLYHDQG6RFLDO 6WUXFWXUHLQ*UHHN$JULFXOWXUHAthens, FMS, p. 388. • Giannitsis T. (1988). $FFHVVLRQWR((&DQG(IIHFWVRQ,QGXVWU\DQG7UDGHAthens, FMS, p. 447. • Lianos Th., Dogas D., Gaglia E. (1990). (FRQRPLF)OXFWXDWLRQVRIWKH*UHHN(FRQRP\ Athens, FMS, p.233. • Babanassis S., Georgakopoulou A., Lyberaki S., Koniordos S., Boutillier L., Sakellaridis L. (1992). 7KH*UHHN6PDOO0HGLXP%XVLQHVVHV)DFLQJWKH7HFKQRORJLFDO &KDOOHQJHV3RVVLELOLW\RI,QQRYDWLRQDQG0DVV0HGLD3ROLFLHVRQ0LFUR(OHFWURQLFV DQG&RPSXWHUV3 volumes, Athens, FMS. • Moysidis A., Damianos D., Kassimis Ch., Demousis M. (1994). 0XOWLSOH-RE+ROGLQJ LQWKH5XUDO6HFWRUDQG5HJLRQDO'HYHORSPHQW3ROLFLHVLQ*UHHFHAthens, FMS, p. 287.

,67$0($QGUHDV3DSDQGUHRX,QVWLWXWHRI6WUDWHJLF3ODQDQG'HYHORSPHQW 6WXGLHV

It is a research institute depending on PASOK Political Party.

Recent publication:

• ISTAME, (1999), (PSOR\PHQWDQG6RFLDO6HFXULW\LQWKH$JULFXOWXUDO6HFWRURI *UHHFHAthens: ISTAME.

This study focuses on the synthetic examination of the employment structure in the agricultural sector and the social security issue of the farmers. More specifically it refers to the agricultural social behaviours and social changes, data regarding the employment in the agricultural sector, the evolution of those employed between years 1991-1996. 

$JULFXOWXUDO%DQNRI*UHHFH5HVHDUFK8QLW

They are involved in research on agricultural procedure on agricultural and finance issues.

• 3DSDLOLDV7K. (1996), *UHHN(FRQRP\0\WKVRU5HDOLW\, Agricultural Bank of Greece.

21 The purpose of the book is to study the changes that took place and concern the typology of the Greek economy during the last half of the 20th century. There was an effort to determine the basic parameters which the Greek economy is composed of. The book refers to national accounts for the period 1948-1995, demographic evolutions - occupation, evolutions in the agricultural sector - problems, evolutions in industry and problems, evolution services - problems.

3ULYDWH&RPSDQLHVIRU6WUDWHJLF0DUNHWLQJ5HVHDUFK

There are in Greece many private companies which conduct systematic studies relevant to social reporting subjects. Some of them are the following:

• $OO0HGLDis a private company and has developed time series and statistics based on the general social and economic statistics produced by ESYE (see attached the list of different domains and years of developed time series). They publish (3,/2*+, 5HYLHZ since 1965 in which one can find time series of different demographic and economic data.

• ,&$3is a private company which runs attitudinal and image studies as well as media and audience research. They publish the *UHHN)LQDQFLDO'LUHFWRU\once a year since 1964. It includes analytic information on Greek enterprises. It consists of 5 volumes. Volume 1: Manufacturing, Volume 2: Commerce, Volume 3: Services, New Establishments (available only in Greek), Volume 4: Greek Tourism, Volume 5: Greece in Figures.

• )LHOG5HVRXUFHVhandle programs on a personal basis according to the client’s needs. They provide clients with any type of interviewing methods required whether they are personal face-to-face, telephone or in-depth interviews covering all kinds of research and product fields. They provide questionnaire design and translation, coding, data entry and data analysis.

• )RFXV $WKHQLDQ 0DUNHWLQJ 5HVHDUFK &HQWUH conduct lifestyle, trends and consumption habits surveys. A wide range of products and services is examined through three major studies conducted each year. The data accumulated over the years offer valuable insight in consumers' lifestyles, attitudes and psychographics, as well as on social trends and the evolution of markets.

• 05% +HOODV 6$ belongs to Euroquest MRB, a partnership of European research companies. MRB Hellas's nation wide syndicated survey “Trends” serves as a systematic monitor of public opinion in respect to social/political developments in Greece.

• 05&  7KH 0DUNHW 5HVHDUFK &HQWUH /WG is specialised in “Semi-Qualitative” techniques, particularly effective for evaluation of advertising communication, i.e. studies employing questionnaires designed to enable extensive probing of qualitative

22 areas, administered by MRC executives, many of whom also have degrees in psychology or related disciplines.

,,,6DPSOH6XUYH\V

Research Institutes (mainly the National Centre for Social Research) and University Institutes has conducted sample surveys on special population groups and in different topics (e.g. education, health, housing welfare, etc.) during the last 40 years.

(..( 1DWLRQDO&HQWUHIRU6RFLDO5HVHDUFK

What follows is a number of sample surveys of EKKE whose findings have already been published during the 80s and 90s.

• Kassimati K. (1980). /DERXU0RELOLW\LQ*UHHN,QGXVWU\ Athens: EKKE, p. 192.

Within the framework of empirical research of social mobility the factors which effect the social and professional mobility of the employees in Greek industry are presented.

• Frangos D., (1983). (PSOR\PHQWLQ*UHHFH(YROXWLRQVDQG3URVSHFWV, Athens: EKKE, 216p.

This study attempts to undertake an historical overview of the evolution of the Economically active population of the country since the establishment of the Greek nation. Particular emphasis is placed on the factors which affect their size and quality as well as on their geographical distribution.

• Karapostolis V., (1984). &RQVXPLQJ%HKDYLRXULQ*UHHN6RFLHW\, Athens: EKKE, 356 p.

This study searches for the mechanisms which lead to the formation of consumption patterns in both the agricultural and urban areas. Moreover, the behaviour and consumption patterns of different socio-professional categories are analysed in general and the contribution and the limits of the economic, sociological and psychological theories are examined in particular.

• Ministry of Health, Welfare and Social Security and EKKE (1986). 1DWLRQDO'LUHFWRU\ RI6RFLDO6HUYLFH$JHQFLHVDQG2UJDQLVDWLRQVVol. I, II, III, Athens: EKKE, p. 424+742+716.

• Gardiki O., Kelperis H., Mouriki A., Myrizakis G., Paradellis, Th., Teperoglou A, (1987).

The object of the research are those aged between 15-24, and particularly the use of their «free» time, their interpersonal relationships and the adopted values.

23 • Frangos D., (1987). 7KH(OGHUO\3RSXODWLRQRI*UHHFH6WDWLVWLFDO$QDO\VLVAthens: EKKE, 106 p.

This work is a statistical analysis of the elderly population in Greece. It places particular emphasis on the factors which affected their increase, their geographical distribution, their family conditions, their educational level, their financial activity and finally their level of getting ill and their mortality.

• Karagiorgas S., Kasimati K., Pantazidis N., (1988). 5HVHDUFKRQWKH6\QWKHVLV DQG DistributionRI,QFRPHLQ*UHHFH3DUW2QH5HVXOWVRQWKH&DSLWDO$UHD Athens: EKKE, 242 p.

The study examines the distribution of income and the level of poverty in the capital area. What is mentioned are research methodology, household income, individual income.

• Madianos M., Zarnari O., Katouselli A., Kotaridi G., Pappas P., Tsakiri E., Fakiolas N., (1988). +HDOWKDQG*UHHN6RFLHW\(PSLULFDO5HVHDUFKAthens: EKKE , 440 p.

The aim of this study is the scientific research on the extent and the characteristics of the health conditions of the Greek population, the cost and the performance of the health services, the quantitative and qualitative adequacy of the subordinate network of services, the social security in the health field and finally the positions and the behaviour of the individuals towards the health problems.

• Yfantopoulos J., (1988). 7KH3URJUDPPLQJRIWKH+HDOWK6HFWRULQ*UHHFH)LQDQFLDO DQG6RFLDO'LPHQVLRQV, Athens: EKKE, 484 p.

This critical study attempts to measure the productivity of the health budget as well as to determine the trends in municipal and social inequalities. The objective aim is to analyse the relevant meaning of health and to measure the contemporary indicators.

• Houliarakis M. (1988). 'HYHORSPHQWRIWKH2OG$JH3RSXODWLRQLQWKH5XUDO$UHDVLQ *UHHFH , 1988, Athens: EKKE, p. 574

It presents statistical data which have come out from population censuses conducted in Greece for the years 1920-1981 and refer to real population.

• Karagiorgas S., Georgakopoulos Th., Karantinos D., Loizidis G., Bouzas N.,

The purpose of this study is to search for the dimensions of the phenomenon of poverty in Greek society and in particular: the tension, the extent and the poverty gap, the factors which contribute to the increase or decrease of the problem, as well as the diachronic study of the phenomenon.

24 • Distribution of Income and Economic Inequalities(1990). 7KH*UHHN5HYLHZRI6RFLDO 5HVHDUFK, Special Issue, No 73A, Athens: EKKE.

This issue includes articles on "Distribution of Income and Economic Inequality: Problems on Terminology and Empirical Research", on "Economic Inequality: A First Approach on Measuring It", "Poverty in the Capital Area in 1984", "The Redistribution Consequences of the Public Administration to the Household Incomes", "The Welfare State and Pensions Policy in Greece, in O.E.C.D Countries and in EU".

• Symeonidou H. (1990). (PSOR\PHQWDQG)HUWLOLW\RI0DUULHG:RPHQLQWKH&DSLWDO $UHDAthens: EKKE, p. 287.

This study includes the results of empirical research which was conducted in greater Athens and concerns the relation of women’s fertility and employment.

• Kasimati K. (1991). 5HVHDUFKRQWKH6RFLDO&KDUDFWHULVWLFVRI(PSOR\PHQW6WXG\ 7KH&KRLFHRI6HFRQG2FFXSDWLRQ7KHRUHWLFDO5HSRUWVDQG(PSLULFDO5HVHDUFK Athens EKKE, p. 436.

The study concerns the theoretical concepts about occupational choices. It also presents findings from an empirical research investigating the conditions and factors affecting the choice of the second occupation.

• Kassimati K. & Alisson E. (1991). 5HVHDUFKRQWKH6RFLDO&KDUDFWHULVWLFVRI (PSOR\PHQW6WXG\7KH6WUXFWXUHRIWKH6HFRQG2FFXSDWLRQ Athens: EKKE,165 p.

The study refers to the different characteristics of employment and most particularly to the structure of the second occupation which relates to the wage levels. So, it refers to the parameters of the second occupation and its social and economic dimensions.

• Tsartsas P. (1991). 5HVHDUFKRQWKH6RFLDO&KDUDFWHULVWLFVRI(PSOR\PHQW, 9RO,,, 7RXULVPDQG$JULFXOWXUDO(IIHFWV Athens: EKKE, p. 189

This study presents the size and the characteristics of the agricultural multiactivity especially in agricultural and tourist areas, a fact that has totally changed the picture of professional and social structures.

• Kouveli A., (1995). +RXVLQJ&RQGLWLRQVLQWKH%LJ8UEDQ&HQWUHVRIWKH&RXQWU\ 7\SRORJ\RI5HVLGHQFHAthens: EKKE , 475 p.

An important research work has been done regarding the issues relevant to the residence in Greece. The book reports on nine types of residence in terms of size, bills, area , etc.

25 • Maratou-Alipranti, Laura (1995). 7KH)DPLO\LQ$WKHQV)DPLO\0RGHOVDQG&RQMXJDO 3UDFWLFHV (in Greek, Summary in English and French), p. 194

The study refers to the family institution and more specifically to changes and reorientations of the woman’s and the man’s role. It also refers to the empirical research regarding family models and the lifestyles of Athens families.

• Kouveli A., (1997). 6RFLR(FRQRPLF,QHTXDOLWLHVLQWKH)LHOGRI+RXVLQJ%LJ8UEDQ $UHDVRIWKH&RXQWU\7\SRORJ\RI5HVLGHQFHVAthens: EKKE ,480 p.

In this research the housing issue is approached by choosing the users viewpoint as research axe. That is, the good and the product residence is researched in the consumption area, but the rationality of the user is regarded on the basis of income. The result is a research on the socio-economic inequalities in the housing field and a presentation of the typology of housing conditions in Greece.

• Balourdos D., (1997). 'HPRJUDSKLF'LPHQVLRQVRIWKH,QFRPH'LVWULEXWLRQ, Athens: EKKE, 300 p.

This study starts with an overview and analysis of the demographic factors with regard to the distribution of income and of poverty. After that, it evaluates the influence of demographic factors on the distribution of income and of poverty in Greece, based on empirical data.

• Symenidou H. (co-ordinator), Douligeris V., Kappi Chr., Magdalinos D., Maratou Alipranti L., Pappas P., Samartzi M., (1992, 1997). 6RFLR(FRQRPLF)DFWRUV$IIHFWLQJ )HUWLOLW\LQ*UHHFHVol. 1 Capital Area, Vol. II Comparative Analysis Between Areas, and Capital. Athens: EKKE.

The main objective of this survey was to investigate the relationship between various socio-economic factors such as income, education, occupation, age, housing conditions, area of origins etc., attitudinal variables and fertility by focusing on the women’s employment - fertility relationship.

• Kouveli A., (1998). 6WDQGDUG+RXVLQJ&RQGLWLRQVLQWKH%LJ8UEDQ&HQWUHVRIWKH &RXQWU\, Athens: EKKE , 200 p.

This book analyses the most important results of empirical research which was conducted by the National Centre for Social Research (EKKE) in the large urban centres of the country with regard to households’ housing conditions. More specifically, it studies towns in which population is over 50.000 residents, that is: Athens, Thessaloniki, Patra, Volos, Larisa, Kavala, Heraclio and Hania. In this book the housing issue is examined from different points of view and is organised on the basis of different issues regarding today housing conditions, the current costs of housing etc.. Apart from the approach of the today housing conditions, the housing problem is examined on a diachronic basis.

26 • Benoit-Guilbot O., Sorokos S., Maratou-Alipranti L., Papliakou, B. Tsanira, E., Hadjigianni A., (1998). 6RFLDO7UDQVIRUPDWLRQV3URFHGXUHVLQ3LUHXV$UHD7UDQVIHUV )DPLO\(PSOR\PHQWAthens: EKKE , 316 p.

In this volume the research data which was conducted by the National Centre for Social Research (NCSR) (EKKE) in four areas of Piraeus - Kastella, Kaminia, Drapetsona and Perama, are analysed. The research was conducted within the framework of a Hellenic - French research program aiming to explore different aspects of local communities. The results reveal interesting information on the processes of housing, social and family relationships, sociality as well as practices of mutual help and intergenerational support as well as social and political participation.

• Teperoglou A., Balourdos D., Myrizakis G., Tzortzopoulou M. (1999). 7KH,GHQWLW\WKH 3DUWLFXODU&KDUDFWHULVWLFVDQGWKH1HHGVRI

The young undoubtedly are one of the most important social groups which on the one hand affect society, while on the other hand they are affected by the social, financial and cultural changes as well. The present book presents conclusions of the empirical research, whose goal basically was the depiction of today’s identity of the young (aged 15-29), their demands, their expectations as well as the process of their financial and social integration.

• Teperoglou A., Alipranti - Maratou L., Tsiganou, I (1999). 'HWHUPLQDWLRQRI6HFWRUVRI (GXFDWLRQDO3ULRULW\ 3(3 Athens, EKKE- Ministry of Education (Research Report).

The volume includes theoretical and methodological issues as well as the first findings of the research project which is conducted for the Ministry of Education. For the first time a lot of data has been collected, time series and indicators have been created for education combining different socio-economic data. The fundamental issue is to construct indicators in order to be able to measure school effectiveness with the combination of different socio-economic and educational variables. Indicators are constructed with respect to the following topics:

- Educational attainment - Scores of dropping out - Indicator for the determination of PEP

This source of data could be used for further analysis.

'(326 <3(+2'( &HQWUHRI6WXGLHVDQG5HVHDUFKHV

DEPOS is a research department depending on the Ministry of Public Constructions and carry out relevant studies.

27 Recent publication:

• D. Emmanouil, S. Velidis, E. Strousopoulou, (1996) 7KH+RXVLQJRI/RZ,QFRPH 3RSXODWLRQLQ*UHHFH, Athens: DEPOS.

Research on the housing conditions of low income households in Greece. The basic directions of the research are:

- The analysis of the housing conditions of low income households - The finding out of those factors which are the cause of problematic situations - The formulation of realistic suggestions

,9 5HVHDUFKDWWHPSWV 'DWDEDVHV

5HVHDUFK&HQWUHIRU(TXDOLW\,VVXHV .(7+,

.(7+,is a Research Centre for Equality Issues/ Indicators Unit, affiliated with the Sub- Ministry of Equality of the Two Sexes. The Information Unit for Women has developed an extensive Data Base for European Women, which includes systematic organised information and data related to: - Labour market data by gender (Greece/European Union for the 1988-1996 period). - Data analysis of professional equipment/specialisation on women 1991-1995.

Sources of the KETHI Database are the following:

- Labour Force Survey, Eurostat - ESYE-NSSG (National Statistical Service of Greece) in the whole country and on regional level, 1988-1996. - ESYE, Population Censuses 1981, 1991. - Basic results of the Labour Force Survey in each member state of the European Union – EUROSTAT, 1988-1996 Data of National Accounts- NSSG-ESYE. - Research on industrial shops NSSG -ESYE. - Data on Professional Training of Women, Ministry of Employment (Greece).

5HJLRQDO'HYHORSPHQW,QVWLWXWH 5', 3DQWLRQ8QLYHUVLW\RI$WKHQV

The 5', is a University Research Centre affiliated with the Department of Urban and Regional Development of Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences (Athens) which operates under the form of a private legal entity as an academic research centre.

5',¶V '$7$%$1. The institute has developed an extensive and up-to-date databank which is the source of information on regional structural configuration. It provides

28 complete files of statistical data and offers an accurate information base not only to RDI’s students but also to international organisms, universities and public enterprises.

1DWLRQDO&HQWUHIRU6RFLDO5HVHDUFK (..(

• ©'HYHORSPHQWRID6RFLDO5HSRUWLQJ6\VWHPª Scientific team: Å. Ôsakiri, (co-ordinator), L. Maratou-Alipranti, A. Armenakis, V. Papliacu, A. Spirou, E. Christophi.

This research program is running in the framework of PENED programmes (Programmes of Contributing to the Research Force), and is funded by both EKKE (National Centre for Social Research) and GSRT (General Secretariat for Research and Technology). It is a first step towards the systematisation-homogenisation of empirical research data which were conducted by EKKE during the last twenty years, aiming to put to use existing sources with the help of modern technologies.

The final product of this project is a new body of social data, consisting of 15 survey files conducted by EKKE. For the development of the system (systematisation of survey files, homogenisation of common variables) socio-economic and other variables have been entered into the data base and a limited number of indicators has been created. This new body of social data will allow for more reliable conclusions and will contribute to further research on social action by contemporary methods. In the long term, this material will be a new source of information and knowledge for researchers. Moreover, this research offers information and can be used by the academic community towards improving the design of future research and developing comparative studies. Finally, this source has a special scientific interest since the already existing social research data have not been used until now for secondary level analysis.

Publication: E. Tsakiri, L. Maratou-Alipranti, A. Armenakis, V. Papliacu, A. Spirou, E. Christofi (1999). 'HYHORSPHQWRID6RFLDO5HSRUWLQJ6\VWHPLQ*UHHFHAthens, EKKE-General Secretariat of Research and Technology, GSRT.

• 'DWDEDQN©0,726ª

A second attempt is the development of an extensive, specialised '$7$%$1. ©0,726ª for socio-economic data, by the National Centre for Social Research EKKE (under preparation). With its initiative, EKKE intends to develop a specialised databank to meet the need for a central, credible National Bank of Social Data and Indicators in our country.

29 $33(1',;

DATA BANK OF ALL MEDIA (see page 29)

30 3238/$7,21

1. Number of inhabitants 2. Number of inhabitants in the region’s capital 3. Density (inhabitants in the region’s / Km2) 4. Urban population 5. Semi-urban population 6. Rural Population 7. Marriages (groom’s permanent residence) 8. Births (mother’s permanent residence) 9. Deaths (permanent residence of deceased) 10. Number of households 11. Labour force 12. Employed 13. Unemployed

*5266'20(67,&352'8&7

1. Per capita private national income (drs) 2. Per capita private disposable income (drs) 3. Gross domestic product (million drs) 4. Agriculture’s share (%) to total GDP 5. Industry’s share (%) to total GDP 6. Service’s share (%) to total GDP 7. Per capita gross domestic product (drs) 8. Per capita gross domestic product % country average

,19(670(17 PLOOLRQGUV 

1. Private 2. Public 3. Total 4. Manufacturing (units with more than 10 employees)

+286,1*

1. Number of residences 2. Number of new residences 3. Number of rooms of new residences 4. Volume in m3 of new residences

,1'8675<&216758&7,21

1. Manufacturing: Number of companies 2. Manufacturing: Average annual employment 3. Manufacturing: Turnover (million drs)

31 (/(&75,&,7< P:+ 

1. Total electricity consumption 2. Household consumption 3. Industrial consumption

&200(5&(27+(56(59,&(6

1. Wholesale trade: number of companies 2. Wholesale trade: Average annual employment 3. Wholesale trade: Turnover (million drs.) 4. Retails trade: number of companies 5. Retail trade: Average of annual employment 6. Retail trade: Turnover (million drs) 7. Other services: number of companies 8. Other services: Average annual employment 9. Other services: Turnover (million drs)

7285,60

1. Number of hotel beds 2. Number of overnight stays by Greek visitors 3. Number of overnight stays by foreign visitors

75$163257&20081,&$7,216

1. Private passenger cars 2. Taxis 3. Buses 4. Trucks 5. Car accidents 6. Telephones

'(326,76 PLOOLRQGUV 

1. Savings 2. Time 3. Total savings 4. Sight 5. Total deposits

38%/,&),1$1&(6 PLOOLRQGUV 

1. Receipts 2. Payments 3. Indirect taxes 4. Direct taxes

32 5. Number of taxpayers 6. Reported Income

('8&$7,21

1. Elementary education: number of schools 2. Elementary education: number of teachers 3. Elementary education: number of pupils 4. Secondary education, 1st level: number of schools 5. Secondary education, 1st level: number of teachers 6. Secondary education, 1st level: number of pupils 7. Secondary education, 2nd level: number of schools 8. Secondary education, 2nd level: number of teachers 9. Secondary education, 2nd level: number of pupils

+($/7+

1. Hospital beds 2. Days of in-patient care 3. Doctors 4. Dentists 5. Pharmacies

33