J. Jpn. Bot. 93(5): 407–409 (2018)

Kensuke Ta,*, Yoshihito Ob and Andreas Fc: molendoi (, ), a Lichenicolous , New to Japan aSaitama Nature Study Center, 5-200, Arai, Kitamoto, Saitama, 364-0026 JAPAN; bDepartment of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1, Amakubo, Tsukuba, 305-0005 JAPAN; cDepartment of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Erling Skakkes gate 47a, 7012 Trondheim, NORWAY *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Summary: Arthonia molendoi (Heufl. ex Chemical reactions of the epihymenium Frauenf.) R. Sant. (Arthoniaceae, Ascomycota), were observed by the use of 10% KOH (K). The a lichenicolous fungus, is reported as new to amyloidity of the hymenial gels was observed Japan. It was found on a specimen in 1.5% Lugol’s iodine solution directly (I) or of Rusavskia elegans collected from Hokkaido, after a 10% KOH pretreatment (K/I). Spore northern Japan. measurements are given as (minimum–) average ± standard deviation (–maximum) (n = number Lichenicolous fungi grow as parasites of measurements). or parasymbionts on . About 1800 species are described in the world (Lawrey and Arthonia molendoi (Heufl. ex Frauenf.) R. Diederich 2003). In Japan, a total of ca. 100 Sant. [Fig. 1] species are known to date (Zhurbenko et al. Ascomata developing on apothecial margin 2015, 2017, Ohmura and Kashiwadani 2018). and upper surface of thallus (young ascomata However, only ca. 30% of the total diversity of in the cortex with algal layer) of the host lichenicolous fungi in Japan is estimated to be , round, black, convex, 0.1–0.15 mm. found (Zhurbenko et al. 2015). Epihymenium dark brown with a red brown As a part of recent research on the diversity tinge, 15 μm tall, K−. Hymenium pale brown, of lichenicolous fungi in Japan, we examined without inspersion, up to 60 μm, I+ red, K/I+ 42 herbarium specimens of Xanthoria s.lat. blue. Paraphysoids branched and anastomosed, housed in the National Museum of Nature and the tips brown, not enlarged, extending above Science (TNS), Tsukuba, Japan. On a specimen the asci. Asci clavate, Arthonia-type, 23–26 of Rusavskia elegans (Link) S. Y. Kondr. & × 13–16 μm, 8-spored; ascus apex with a K/ Kärnefelt [= X. elegans (Link) Th. Fr.], we found I+ blue ring structure in the innermost layer Arthonia molendoi (Heufl . ex Frauenf.) R. Sant. of the endoascus. Ascospores oblong, hyaline, new to Japan. 1-septate, constricted at the septum, (9.7–)9.9– This paper describes the morphological and 11.1(–12.0) × (3.6–)4.0–4.6(–5.0) μm (n = 35). anatomical features of the Japanese material of The features mentioned above for the this species. examined Japanese specimen agree well with Morphological observations were made using the protologue, the diagnostic features provided a dissecting microscope (Olympus SZX16) and by Fleischhacker et al. (2016), and an exsiccata a differential interference contrast microscope specimen of Arthonia molendoi [Santesson: (Olympus BX51). Anatomical examinations Fungi Lichenicoli Exs. 54 (TNS!)]. were made on hand-cut sections mounted in Fleischhacker et al. (2016) described a new water. species, Arthonia parietinaria Hafellner &

—407— December 2018 The Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 93 No. 6 409 only found on a single collection from Hokkaido, Europe and northern Pacific North America. Symb. but we expect it to be more widely distributed in Bot. Upsal. 34: 107−111. Kondratyuk S. Y., Lőkös L., Farkas E., Oh S.-O. and Hur boreal-alpine habitats of this country, too. J.-S. 2015. New and noteworthy lichen-forming and Host specimen examined (Rusavskia elegans). lichenicolous fungi 2. Acta Bot. Hung. 57: 77−141. JAPAN. Hokkaido. Prov. Kushiro: Marine laboratory of Kondratyuk S. Y., Lőkös L., Halda J. P., Haji Moniri M., Hokkaido University, Akkeshi. On rock (concrete) along Farkas E., Park J. S., Lee B. G., Oh S.-O. and Hur J.- the coast; elevation 3 m. July 27, 2003, H. Kashiwadani S. 2016. New and noteworthy lichen-forming and 45809 (TNS). lichenicolous fungi 4. Acta Bot. Hung. 58: 75−136. Exsiccata examined. AUSTRIA. Oberösterreich: Lawrey J. D. and Diederich P. 2018. Lichenicolous Fungi— Nördliche Kalkalpen, Dachstein-Gruppe, Lackenmoosalm worldwide checklist, including isolated cultures and N of Feisterscharte. Alt. ca. 2000 m. On horizontal and sequences available. URL: http://www.lichenicolous. vertical surfaces of a bird-rock on the top of a rock. On net [10/3/2018]. Xanthoria elegans (thallus and apothecia). (Santesson: Ohmura Y. and Kashiwadani H. 2018. Checklist of Lichens Fungi Lichenicoli Exs. 54, TNS). and Allied Fungi of Japan. National Museum of Nature and Science Monographs. No. 49. National Museum of References Nature and Science, Tokyo. Coppins B. J. 1989. Notes on the Arthoniaceae in the Triebel D. 1989. Lecideicole Ascomyceten. Eine Revision British Isles. Lichenologist 21: 195–216. der obligat lichenicolen Ascomyceten auf lecideoiden Fleischhacker A., Grube M., Frisch A. and Hafellner Flechten. Bibl. Lichenol. 35: 1−278. J. 2016. Arthonia parietinaria—A common but Zhurbenko M. P., Ezhkin A. K., Skirina I. F. and Ohmura frequently misunderstood lichenicolous fungus on Y. 2017. Dactylospora anziae, a new lichenicolous species of the Xanthoria parietina-group. Fungal Biol. ascomycete on Anzia from East Asia. Folia Cryptog. 120: 1341–1353. Estonica 54: 13−716. Frisch A., Thor G., Ertz D. and Grube M. 2014. The Zhurbenko M. P., Frisch A., Ohmura Y. and Thor G. 2015. Arthonialean challenge: restructuring Arthoniaceae. Lichenicolous fungi from Japan and Korea: new Taxon 63: 727–744. species, new records and a first synopsis for Japan. Ihlen P. G., Owe-Larsson B. and Tonsberg T. 2004. Herzogia 28: 762−789. Arthonia biatoricola sp. nov. from north-western

田留健介a，大村嘉人b，A. Frischc： 日本新産の Arthonia molendoi（ホシゴケ科，子嚢菌） 地衣生菌の一種 Arthonia molendoi (Heufl . ex Frauenf.) Amygdalaria（クボミゴケモドキ属），Koerberiella（ケ R. Sant.（ヤドリホシゴケ，新称）が，北海道で採集 ルベリエラ属），Porpidia（ヘリトリゴケ属），Trapelia された地衣類の Rusavskia elegans (Link) S. Y. Kondr. & （バラゴケ属）が知られている．Arthonia graphidicola Kärnefelt（アカサビゴケ）の標本から確認された．本標 Coppins（モジゴケヤドリホシゴケ，新称）は，子嚢胞 本上の A. molendoi の子嚢果は黒色，大きさは 0.1−0.15 子が 3−4 室に分かれ，熟した胞子が褐色を帯びる点で mm．子実層表面は褐色で K−．子実層は下層まで薄茶 区別され，宿主は Graphis scripta (L.) Ach.（モジゴケ） 色で I+ 赤色，K/I+ 青色，側糸は分枝し脈状に連絡す が知られている．A. biatoricola Ihlen & Owe-Larss（ビ る．子嚢中に胞子は 8 個．子嚢胞子は透明，2 室，大き アトラヤドリホシゴケ，新称）は子実層が透明である点 さ (9.7−)9.9−11.1(−12.0) × (3.6−)4.0−4.6(−5.0) μm であっ で区別され，宿主は Biatora（ツブミイボゴケ属）が知 た．近縁種のA. parietinaria Hafellner & Fleischhacker られている．A. lopingensis Zahlbr.（モジゴケヤドリチ は，国立科学博物館所蔵の日本産 Xanthoria s.lat.（オオ ャホシゴケ，新称）は，子嚢果が茶色～黒褐色で K+ 紫 ロウソクゴケ属，広義）の標本からは確認されなかっ 色（パリエチンを含む），宿主には暖地性のモジゴケ類 た．本報告によって，日本産 Arthonia（ホシゴケ属）の が知られている． a 地衣生菌は 5 種となった．A. almquistii Vain.（ニセヤド （ 埼玉県自然学習センター， b リホシゴケ，新称）は子嚢果がオリーブ色～褐色にな 国立科学博物館植物研究部， c る点で A. molendoi から区別され，宿主となる地衣類に ノルウェー・自然科学技術大学博物館）