DOCSLIB.ORG

Mynydd Preseli

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

66 Pembrokeshire Coast National Park LCA 27 - MYNYDD PRESELI LCA 27 Location, Context and Physical Characteristics Map Notation: A large and very conspicuous inland upland area of heath and moorland, visible from a great distance. The views to the coast and the feeling of exposure provide a strong sense of place. National Park Visual and Sensory Characteristics Boundary The Mynydd Preseli is a distinctive upland area characterised by open moorland ands heath with rocky sum- mits and scree slopes evident on the higher parts. Conifer plantations are also present, particularly on the LCA Boundary southern flanks. The upland area affords wide- ranging views across to the neighbouring Mynydd Carningli, and along the coast. LCA Boundary Vegetation and Habitat Characteristics defined by the The main ridge is characterised by acidic grassland and heathland which grades into much wetter vegetation on both and north and south facing slopes below ridge. Numerous springs occur with associated boggy National Park flushes, marshy grassland and wet heath. In the Mynachlogddu valley and the lower south facing flanks of Boundary the main ridge, there are several conifer plantations. Deciduous woodland is very restricted although mature scrub has developed in places. Geological Characteristics A very conspicuous and famous upland ridge rising to 536m AOD and crested by a line of rocky crags/tors with associated block-littered slopes. The ridge is steep-sided, especially to the north. Includes the north east-orientated continuation of the ridge, but dropping to lower altitudes in the Gilgwyn Mawr area. The bedrock is dominated by Ordovician slates with igneous intrusions (dolerite) capping the peaks but the surface features are predominantly peri-glacial (Quaternary, Pleistocene). Broad, concave slopes occur on the north side of the Preseli Mountains, developed below a steep upper escarpment. This area is characterised by fan-like groupings of coalescing streams, which feed funnel-like features projecting into undulating farmland areas below. widespread surface scatters of blocks are typical. Historic and Cultural Characteristics The unenclosed moorland contains nationally important features, including Iron Age Hill forts, Round Barrows and Deserted Settlements. This ar- chaeological wealth has lead its designation as the Mynydd Preseli Registered Landscape of Outstanding Interest in Wales. Much of the hill area is common land - 19th & 20th century enclosure of common land is evident on the southern flank of the mountain block. The boundary between culti- vated land and moorland on the northern fringe, however, appears to have changed little since the early 19th century. The rectilinear field shapes were formed following enclosure of common land. June 2011 66 67 Evaluation & Recommendations LCA Character Visual & Geological Landscape Historic Cultural LANDMAP Aspect Evaluation Terms: Area Sensory Landscape Habitats Landscape Landscape No. Outstanding: Of International or National Importance Aspect Areas Aspect Areas Aspect Areas Aspect Areas Aspect Areas High: Of Regional or County Importance 27 Mynydd 03 - Moderate 40 - Outstanding 154 - Moderate 42266 - 001 - Outstanding Moderate: Of Local Importance 04 - High 70 - Outstanding 324- Outstanding Outstanding 331 - Outstanding Preseli Low: Of Little or No Importance 44 - Moderate 426- Outstanding 431 - Moderate (The reference numbers in the table refer to the discrete Aspect Areas identified ) 435 - Moderate 596 - Low 622 - High 640 - Low 832 - Moderate 890 - High Special Qualities (Key Landscape Characteristics) Discernible Landscape Trends The planting of coniferous woodland on lower slopes contrasts with the semi-natural The Mynydd Preseli and Mynydd Carningli range of hills is unique within the Pem- character of the upper slopes and summits and this trend threatens to alter the pre- brokeshire Coast National Park because of its extensive broad upland mass which dominantly open character of the hills, which have a visual effect far beyond the stretches inland, contrasting strongly with the narrow ribbon of coastal land which boundaries of this Landscape Character Area characterises the great majority of the National Park. It is visible from large parts Unfavourable land management practices are altering key vegetation types to the of the National Park and from extensive parts of the surrounding county of Pem- detriment of the landscape and quality of habitats, including grazing and cropping brokeshire, providing a familiar and readily discernible reference point in condi- and the failure to control bracken encroachment tions of moderate to clear visibility The appearance of the landscape is largely semi-natural except where angular blocks of coniferous woodland clothe the upper slopes and especially where they There is a pervading sense of remoteness and wildness, especially on the sum- break the skyline. These dark colours and harsh lines contrast unfavourably with mits and the upper slopes of these hills, and a strong sense of exposure, resulting the soft, muted colours and textures of the open moorland and rush pasture. from the proximity of the sea and the lack of cover and shelter on the open high ground Management Guidance Distinctive rock formations at the summits provide visual punctuation points as the eye is drawn up the slopes and along the smooth ridges forming the horizon; this Conserve the heathland and moorland so that they remain in a favourable condition is a landscape of outstanding geological value Consider the appropriateness of conifer plantations with options including removal and replacement with heathland/moorland habitats, and planting broadleaved wood- This is a landscape of recognised national historical and cultural significance land on the lower slopes within Wales. There are close historical and archaeological links with the adjacent Encourage landowners to participate in agri-environmental schemes and leave Mynydd Carningli and many common attributes, especially the prehistoric ritual overgrown areas around the margins of arable fields for the benefit of wildlife, and landscape. The blue stones for the earliest stone phase of Stonehenge originated alter grazing pressure to allow areas of acid grassland to flourish from Carn Menyn. Abandoned settlements are testimony to the repeated phases Manage the wealth of upstanding archaeological sites to retain their integrity and of human use of this landscape. The east-west ridge trail is popularly regarded as their visual context Ensure that as far as possible no significant geological or geomorphological fea- being prehistoric tures are lost or damaged. This archaeological and historical interest has been recognised by the inclusion of Ensure that as far as possible ancient monuments and remains are not lost or damaged. a large part of this LCA in the Preseli Registered Landscape of Outstanding His- toric Interest in Wales, representing the best surviving and most complete, typical historic cross-section across the Preseli Hills. The area contains remarkable and extensive evidence for prehistoric land use and ritual, superimposed in part by re- cent enclosure. June 2011 67 .
Recommended publications
  • Integrated Upper Ordovician Graptolite–Chitinozoan Biostratigraphy of the Cardigan and Whitland Areas, Southwest Wales

    Integrated Upper Ordovician Graptolite–Chitinozoan Biostratigraphy of the Cardigan and Whitland Areas, Southwest Wales

    Geol. Mag. 145 (2), 2008, pp. 199–214. c 2007 Cambridge University Press 199 doi:10.1017/S0016756807004232 First published online 17 December 2007 Printed in the United Kingdom Integrated Upper Ordovician graptolite–chitinozoan biostratigraphy of the Cardigan and Whitland areas, southwest Wales THIJS R. A. VANDENBROUCKE∗†, MARK WILLIAMS‡, JAN A. ZALASIEWICZ‡, JEREMY R. DAVIES§ & RICHARD A. WATERS¶ ∗Research Unit Palaeontology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281/S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium ‡Department of Geology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK §British Geological Survey, Kingsley Dunham Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK ¶Department of Geology, National Museum of Wales, Cathays Park, Cardiff CF10 3NP, UK (Received 26 January 2007; accepted 26 June 2007) Abstract – To help calibrate the emerging Upper Ordovician chitinozoan biozonation with the graptolite biozonation in the Anglo-Welsh, historical type basin, the graptolite-bearing Caradoc– Ashgill successions between Fishguard and Cardigan, and at Whitland, SW Wales, have been collected for chitinozoans. In the Cardigan district, finds of Armoricochitina reticulifera within strata referred to the clingani graptolite Biozone (morrisi Subzone), together with accessory species, indicate the Fungochitina spinifera chitinozoan Biozone, known from several Ordovician sections in northern England that span the base of the Ashgill Series. Tanuchitina ?bergstroemi, eponymous of the succeeding chitinozoan biozone, has tentatively been recovered from strata of Pleurograptus linearis graptolite Biozone age in the Cardigan area. The T. ?bergstroemi Biozone can also be correlated with the type Ashgill Series of northern England. Chitinozoans suggest that the widespread Welsh Basin anoxic–oxic transition at the base of the Nantmel Mudstones Formation in Wales, traditionally equated with the Caradoc–Ashgill boundary, is of Cautleyan (or younger Ashgill) age in the Cardigan area.
  • Researching Stonehenge: Theories Past and Present

    Researching Stonehenge: Theories Past and Present

    Parker Pearson, M 2013 Researching Stonehenge: Theories Past and Present. Archaeology International, No. 16 (2012-2013): 72-83, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ai.1601 ARTICLE Researching Stonehenge: Theories Past and Present Mike Parker Pearson* Over the years archaeologists connected with the Institute of Archaeology and UCL have made substantial contributions to the study of Stonehenge, the most enigmatic of all the prehistoric stone circles in Britain. Two of the early researchers were Petrie and Childe. More recently, colleagues in UCL’s Anthropology department – Barbara Bender and Chris Tilley – have also studied and written about the monument in its landscape. Mike Parker Pearson, who joined the Institute in 2012, has been leading a 10-year-long research programme on Stonehenge and, in this paper, he outlines the history and cur- rent state of research. Petrie and Childe on Stonehenge William Flinders Petrie (Fig. 1) worked on Stonehenge between 1874 and 1880, publishing the first accurate plan of the famous stones as a young man yet to start his career in Egypt. His numbering system of the monument’s many sarsens and blue- stones is still used to this day, and his slim book, Stonehenge: Plans, Descriptions, and Theories, sets out theories and observations that were innovative and insightful. Denied the opportunity of excavating Stonehenge, Petrie had relatively little to go on in terms of excavated evidence – the previous dig- gings had yielded few prehistoric finds other than antler picks – but he suggested that four theories could be considered indi- vidually or in combination for explaining Stonehenge’s purpose: sepulchral, religious, astronomical and monumental.
  • Mineral Reconnaissance Programme Report

    Mineral Reconnaissance Programme Report

    _..._ Natural Environment Research Council -2 Institute of Geological Sciences - -- Mineral Reconnaissance Programme Report c- - _.a - A report prepared for the Department of Industry -- This report relates to work carried out by the British Geological Survey.on behalf of the Department of Trade I-- and Industry. The information contained herein must not be published without reference to the Director, British Geological Survey. I- 0. Ostle Programme Manager British Geological Survey Keyworth ._ Nottingham NG12 5GG I No. 72 I A geochemical drainage survey of the Preseli Hills, south-west Dyfed, Wales I D I_ I BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Natural Environment Research Council I Mineral Reconnaissance Programme Report No. 72 A geochemical drainage survey of the I Preseli Hills, south-west Dyfed, Wales Geochemistry I D. G. Cameron, BSc I D. C. Cooper, BSc, PhD Geology I P. M. Allen, BSc, PhD Mneralog y I H. W. Haslam, MA, PhD, MIMM $5 NERC copyright 1984 I London 1984 A report prepared for the Department of Trade and Industry Mineral Reconnaissance Programme Reports 58 Investigation of small intrusions in southern Scotland 31 Geophysical investigations in the 59 Stratabound arsenic and vein antimony Closehouse-Lunedale area mineralisation in Silurian greywackes at Glendinning, south Scotland 32 Investigations at Polyphant, near Launceston, Cornwall 60 Mineral investigations at Carrock Fell, Cumbria. Part 2 -Geochemical investigations 33 Mineral investigations at Carrock Fell, Cumbria. Part 1 -Geophysical survey 61 Mineral reconnaissance at the
  • OUGS Journal 32

    OUGS Journal 32

    Open University Geological Society Journal Volume 32 (1–2) 2011 Editor: Dr David M. Jones e-mail: [email protected] The Open University Geological Society (OUGS) and its Journal Editor accept no responsibility for breach of copyright. Copyright for the work remains with the authors, but copyright for the published articles is that of the OUGS. ISSN 0143-9472 © Copyright reserved OUGS Journal 32 (1–2) Edition 2011, printed by Hobbs the Printers Ltd, Totton, Hampshire Committee of the Open University Geological Society 2011 Society Website: ougs.org Executive Committee President: Dr Dave McGarvie, Department of Earth Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA Chairman: Linda Fowler Secretary: Sue Vernon, Treasurer: John Gooch Membership Secretary: Phyllis Turkington Newsletter Editor: Karen Scott Events Officer: Chris Arkwright Information Officer: vacant at time of going to press Branch Organisers East Anglia (EAn): Wendy Hamilton East Midlands (EMi): Don Cameron East Scotland (ESc): Stuart Swales Ireland (Ire): John Leahy London (Lon): Jenny Parry Mainland Europe (Eur): Elisabeth d'Eyrames Northumbria (Nor): Paul Williams North West (NWe): Mrs Jane Schollick Oxford (Oxf): Sally Munnings Severnside (Ssi): Janet Hiscott South East (SEa): Elizabeth Boucher South West (SWe): Chris Popham Walton Hall (WHa): Tom Miller Wessex (Wsx): Sheila Alderman West Midlands (WMi): Linda Tonkin West Scotland (WSc): Jacqueline Wiles Yorkshire (Yor): Geoff Hopkins Other officers (non-OUGSC voting unless otherwise indicated) Sales Administrator (voting OUGSC member ): vacant at time of going to press Administrator: Don Cameron Minutes Secretary: Pauline Kirtley Journal Editor: Dr David M. Jones Archivist/Reviews: Jane Michael Webmaster: Stuart Swales Deputy Webmaster: Martin Bryan Gift Aid Officer: Ann Goundry OUSA Representative: Capt.
  • Protected Landscapes: the United Kingdom Experience

    Protected Landscapes: the United Kingdom Experience

    .,•* \?/>i The United Kingdom Expenence Department of the COUNTRYSIDE COMMISSION COMMISSION ENVIRONMENT FOR SCOTLAND NofChern ireianc •'; <- *. '•ri U M.r. , '^M :a'- ;i^'vV r*^- ^=^l\i \6-^S PROTECTED LANDSCAPES The United Kingdom Experience Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from UNEP-WCIVIC, Cambridge http://www.archive.org/details/protectedlandsca87poor PROTECTED LANDSCAPES The United Kingdom Experience Prepared by Duncan and Judy Poore for the Countryside Commission Countryside Commission for Scotland Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland and the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Published for the International Symposium on Protected Landscapes Lake District, United Kingdom 5-10 October 1987 * Published in 1987 as a contribution to ^^ \ the European Year of the Environment * W^O * and the Council of Europe's Campaign for the Countryside by Countryside Commission, Countryside Commission for Scotland, Department of the Environment for Northern Ireland and the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources © 1987 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Avenue du Mont-Blanc, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland Additional copies available from: Countryside Commission Publications Despatch Department 19/23 Albert Road Manchester M19 2EQ, UK Price: £6.50 This publication is a companion volume to Protected Landscapes: Experience around the World to be published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources,
  • Scheduling Enhancement Project 2011: Prehistoric Sites Fieldwork – Pembrokeshire Additional Sites

    Scheduling Enhancement Project 2011: Prehistoric Sites Fieldwork – Pembrokeshire Additional Sites

    SCHEDULING ENHANCEMENT PROJECT 2011: PREHISTORIC SITES FIELDWORK – PEMBROKESHIRE ADDITIONAL SITES Detail of balanced stones – part of enclosure PRN 100702 situated on Banc Llwydlos, Mynydd Preseli, recorded for the first time during the 2011 fieldwork. Prepared by Dyfed Archaeological Trust For CADW DYFED ARCHAEOLOGICAL TRUST RHIF YR ADRODDIAD / REPORT NO. 2012/6 RHIF Y PROSIECT / PROJECT RECORD NO. 100689 Ionawr 2012 January 2012 SCHEDULING ENHANCEMENT PROJECT 2011: PREHISTORIC SITES FIELDWORK – PEMBROKESHIRE ADDITIONALGan / By SITES Fran Murphy & Hubert Wilson Paratowyd yr adroddiad yma at ddefnydd y cwsmer yn unig. Ni dderbynnir cyfrifoldeb gan Ymddiriedolaeth Archaeolegol Dyfed Cyf am ei ddefnyddio gan unrhyw berson na phersonau eraill a fydd yn ei ddarllen neu ddibynnu ar y gwybodaeth y mae’n ei gynnwys The report has been prepared for the specific use of the client. Dyfed Archaeological Trust Limited can accept no responsibility for its use by any other person or persons who may read it or rely on the information it contains. Ymddiriedolaeth Archaeolegol Dyfed Cyf Dyfed Archaeological Trust Limited Neuadd y Sir, Stryd Caerfyrddin, Llandeilo, Sir The Shire Hall, Carmarthen Street, Llandeilo, Gaerfyrddin SA19 6AF Carmarthenshire SA19 6AF Ffon: Ymholiadau Cyffredinol 01558 823121 Tel: General Enquiries 01558 823121 Adran Rheoli Treftadaeth 01558 823131 Heritage Management Section 01558 823131 Ffacs: 01558 823133 Fax: 01558 823133 Ebost: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Gwefan: www.archaeolegdyfed.org.uk Website: www.dyfedarchaeology.org.uk Scheduling Enhancement Project 2011: Prehistoric Fieldwork– Pembrokeshire Additional Sites CONTENTS SUMMARY 1 INTRODUCTION 2 PROJECT AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 3 METHODOLOGY 4 Figure 1: Map of Pembrokeshire, showing the location 5 of sites visited during the project.
  • Archaeological and Geochemical Investigation of Flint Sources In

    Archaeological and Geochemical Investigation of Flint Sources In

    Archaeological and geochemical investigation of flint sources in Britain and Ireland By Seosaimhín Áine Bradley A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment for the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Central Lancashire MARCH 2017 1 ABSTRACT This study investigates the archaeological use of flint in Britain and Ireland from the Mesolithic to the Bronze Age through geochemical analysis of flint samples obtained from the major areas of chalk geology within these islands (Northern, Southern, Transitional, and Northern Ireland), and provenancing of artefactual assemblages. Recent approaches to provenancing flint have demonstrated that this is indeed possible, however this approach encompasses a larger study area and provides a comparison of two methodologies, one destructive (acid digestion ICP-MS) and one non-destructive (pXRF). Acid digestion ICP-MS and pXRF are capable of detecting a range of elements in a given sample, although they each have specific advantages and disadvantages when applied to archaeological material. There are three main research questions that are addressed in this thesis: ● Determine geochemical composition of flint samples from primary chalk outcrops; ● Assess differences between flint from different chalk provinces; ● Compare acid digestion ICP-MS and pXRF in achieving these objectives. The results indicate that flint from the major areas of chalk geology in Britain and Ireland can be distinguished using the methodologies stated above. There are some difficulties in distinguishing between the Southern and Northern Ireland chalk province flint samples, however the samples from the Northern chalk province are very well differentiated. Archaeological assemblages chosen from throughout the study area and from a wide chronological span were sampled using pXRF and subjected to statistical analysis.
  • Stonehenge 'Bluestone' Quarries Confirmed 140 Miles Away in Wales 7 December 2015

    Stonehenge 'Bluestone' Quarries Confirmed 140 Miles Away in Wales 7 December 2015

    Stonehenge 'bluestone' quarries confirmed 140 miles away in Wales 7 December 2015 somewhere in the Preseli Hills, but only now has there been collaboration with archaeologists to locate and excavate the actual quarries from which they came. Director of the project, Professor Mike Parker Pearson (UCL Institute of Archaeology), said: "This has been a wonderful opportunity for geologists and archaeologists to work together. The geologists have been able to lead us to the actual outcrops where Stonehenge's stones were extracted." The Stonehenge bluestones are of volcanic and igneous rocks, the most common of which are called dolerite and rhyolite. Dr Richard Bevins (Amgueddfa Cymru – National Museum Wales) and Dr Rob Ixer (UCL and University of Leicester) have identified the outcrop of Carn Goedog as the main source of Stonehenge's 'spotted dolerite' Excavation of two quarries in Wales by a UCL-led bluestones and the outcrop of Craig Rhos-y-felin as team of archaeologists and geologists has a source for one of the 'rhyolite' bluestones. The confirmed they are sources of Stonehenge's research published today details excavations at 'bluestones'– and shed light on how they were Craig Rhos-y-felin specifically. quarried and transported. The special formation of the rock, which forms New research by the team published today in natural pillars at these outcrops, allowed the Antiquity presents detailed evidence of prehistoric prehistoric quarry-workers to detach each megalith quarrying in the Preseli hills in Pembrokeshire, (standing stone) with a minimum of effort. "They helping to answer long-standing questions about only had to insert wooden wedges into the cracks why, when and how Stonehenge was built.
  • Tyriet Farm & Bluestone Brewery Wildlife Report

    Tyriet Farm & Bluestone Brewery Wildlife Report

    Tyriet Farm & Bluestone Brewery Wildlife Report This report was prepared by John Hudson Ecological Consultancy and Pembrokeshire Coast National Park Authority as part of the ‘Naturally Connected’ project. The project was funded by the Welsh Government’s Sustainable Development Fund. This is a pilot project so we would love to receive your feedback on this information pack. You can send your comments to [email protected] or leave your comments in the visitor book. Pembrokeshire Coast National Park Welcome to Pembrokeshire Coast National Park! Pembrokeshire lies at the south west extreme of Wales and is surrounded on three sides by the sea. Pembrokeshire's marine and terrestrial environments are strongly influenced by the Gulf Stream and the National Park supports species found in both warmer, southern areas as well as those from colder, northern regions. Pembrokeshire is internationally important for many of its coastal, marine and lowland heath habitat as well as ancient, semi-natural oak woodland in the North of the park. These habitats support some of our most iconic species including choughs, puffins and seals. The high wildlife value of the Park is reflected by its nature conservation designations which include: 13 Special Areas of Conservation (3 Marine SACs overlap about 75% of the Park coastline and account for about 60% of the inshore area). 5 Special Protection Areas. 1 Marine Nature Reserve (Skomer) – one of three in the UK. 7 National Nature Reserves. 60 Sites of Special Scientific Interest. With miles of rugged coastline, sandy beaches, farmland, valleys, hills and woodlands to explore, we hope this short guide will help you experience some of the fabulous wildlife our National Park has to offer.
  • Castell Henllys Interpretation Plan April 2013

    Castell Henllys Interpretation Plan April 2013

    Castell Henllys Interpretation Plan Pembrokeshire Coast National Park Authority Red Kite Environment Touchstone Heritage Management Consultants Anglezarke Dixon Associates April 2013 Castell Henllys Interpretation Plan ______________________________________________ Pembrokeshire Coast National Park Authority In association with Red Kite Environment Pearcroft Pearcroft Road Stonehouse Gloucestershire GL10 2JY Tel: 01453 822013 Fax: 01453 791969 Email: [email protected] www.redkite-environment.co.uk Castell Henllys Interpretation Plan Contents Contents.................................................................................................... i Foreword ..................................................................................................iii Executive summary.................................................................................. v 1 Introduction............................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background ....................................................................................................................2 1.2 The ‘Origins’ project........................................................................................................3 2 Setting the Scene.................................................................................. 4 2.1 Historical contexts ..........................................................................................................5 2.2 A prehistory hub .............................................................................................................6
  • PART 1 Introduction to the Local Biodiversity Action Plan

    PART 1 Introduction to the Local Biodiversity Action Plan

    PART 1 Introduction to the Local Biodiversity Action Plan 2011 Pembrokeshire Local Biodiversity Action Plan Part 1: Introduction to the Local Biodiversity Action Plan July 2011 This document replaces ‘A Local Biodiversity Action Plan for Pembrokeshire’ published in 2000. 1 Contents Page Introduction 1. A Local Biodiversity Action Plan for Pembrokeshire (LBAP) 3 2. The revised Pembrokeshire LBAP 4 3. Progress over the last ten years 5 Revised LBAP Part 1 4. What is biodiversity? 6 5. Why is biodiversity important? 6 6. The Biodiversity of Pembrokeshire 7 7. What factors affect biodiversity? 11 8. What evidence is there to know what is happening to 12 Pembrokeshire’s biodiversity? 9. What is the role of the Pembrokeshire Biodiversity Partnership 13 (PBP)? 10. What are Pembrokeshire Biodiversity Action Plans (BAPs)? 13 11. Which plans, strategies and guidance link with the LBAP? 15 12. Raising Awareness of Biodiversity 16 13. Delivering the Action Plan 16 14. Examples of biodiversity projects in Pembrokeshire 16 Glossary 19 Appendices Appendix A: List of Pembrokeshire Priority LBAP habitats 20 Appendix B: List of Pembrokeshire Priority LBAP species 21 Appendix C: Lepidoptera species listed for monitoring only 26 Appendix D: Relevant Plans, Strategies and Guidance 27 Appendix E: Legislative context of biodiversity in Pembrokeshire 31 Appendix F: Pembrokeshire Biodiversity Partners 33 Appendix G: Habitat and species association tables 34 NB This is a living document some aspects of this document may change, updates will be available on www.pembrokeshire.gov.uk (under the planning menu) and specific links are given in relevant sections. For further information please contact the Biodiversity Officer 01437 776146 or e-mail [email protected] Website www.pembrokeshire.gov.uk (under the environment, planning menu).
  • Architecture and Meaning in the Structure of Stonehenge, Wiltshire, UK Timothy Darvill

    Architecture and Meaning in the Structure of Stonehenge, Wiltshire, UK Timothy Darvill

    Houses of the Holy: architecture and meaning in the structure of Stonehenge, Wiltshire, UK Timothy Darvill Timothy Darvill is Professor of Archaeology in the Department of Archaeology, Anthropology and Forensic Science, Bournemouth University, UK. His research interests lie in the Neolithic of Northwest Europe and in archaeological resource management, and he has carried out fieldwork in Germany, Russia, Malta, England, Wales, and the Isle of Man. In 2008, together with Geoff Wainwright, he undertook excavations inside the stone circles at Stonehenge as part of ongoing research into the links between Stonehenge and the sources of the Bluestones in the Preseli Hills of southwest Wales. He is a member of the Editorial Advisory Board of Time & Mind. [email protected]. Abstract Stonehenge in central southern England is internationally known. Recent re-evaluations of its date and construction sequence provides an opportunity to review the meaning and purpose of key structural components. Here it is argued that the central stone structures did not have a single purpose but rather embody a series of symbolic representations. During the early third millennium this included a square-in- circle motif representing a sacred house or ‘big house’ edged by the five Sarsen Trilithons. During the late third millennium BC, as house styles changed, some of the stones were re-arranged to form a central oval setting that perpetuated the idea of the a sacred dwelling. The Sarsen Circle may have embodied a time- reckoning system based on the lunar month. From about 2500 BC more than 80 bluestones were brought to the site from sources in the Preseli Hills of west Wales about 220km distant.