Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report of Kathmandu Inland Clearance Depot (ICD) at Chovar, Kathmandu, Nepal
Submitted to:
Government of Nepal Ministry of Population and Environment Singha Durbar, Kathmandu, Nepal
Submitted through:
Government of Nepal Ministry of Commerce Singha Durbar, Kathmandu, Nepal
Project Proponent : Government of Nepal Ministry of Commerce Nepal Intermodal Transport Development Board (NITDB) Gayaneshowar, Kathmandu, Nepal Tel. 01 4439664 Fax: 4440936 Email: [email protected]
March 2018
Prepared by:
Full Bright Consultancy (Pvt.) Ltd. P.O. Box 4970, Sinamangal, Kathmandu Tel: 01 4468149, 4468118, Fax: 01 4465604 Email:[email protected] In association with Aarvee Associates Architects Engineers & Consultants Pvt. Ltd Hyderabad 500082, India Tel: +91-40-23737633; Email: [email protected]
Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Chovar ICD Draft Report
ABBREVIATION AND ACRONYM
ADB Asian Development Bank MoFSC Ministry of Forest and Soil AP Affected Persons Conservation BOD Biological Oxygen Demand MoPE Ministry of Population and CBO Community Based Organizations Environment CBS Central Bureau of Statistics MoPIT Ministry of Physical Infrastructure and CDC Compensation Determination Transport Committee MT Metric Ton CDO Chief District Officer NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standard CFC Compensation Fixation Committee NGO Non Government Organizations CFS Container Freight Station NITDB Nepal Intermodal Transport CFUG Community Forest Users‟ Group Development Board CPR Community Property Resource NPC National Planning Commission DDC District Development Committee NTFP Non Timber Forest Products DFO District Forest Officer OP Operational Policies World Bank DIA Direct Impact Area PAF/P Project Affected Families/Population DoR Department of Roads PPP Public Private Partnership DPR Detail Project Report PSA Poverty and Social Assessment EA Executive Agency RoW Right-of-Way EIA Environmental Impact Assessment IRP Involuntary Resettlement Plan EIAG Environmental Impact Assessment RP Resettlement Plan Guidelines RR Resettlement and Rehabilitation EMP Environment Management Plan SD Scoping Document EPA Environment Protection Act SPAF/P Severely Project Affected EPR Environment Protection Regulations Families/Population FGD Focal Group Discussion STD Sexually Transmitted Disease GoN Government of Nepal TEU Twenty-Foot Equivalent Unit GRC Grievance Redress Committee ToR Terms of Reference Ha. Hectares TSP Total Suspended Particles IA Implementing Agency VPD Vehicles per day ICD Inland Clearance Depot WB World Bank IEE Initial Environmental Examination WHH Women- Headed Households IIA Indirect Impact Area WHO World Health Organization IP Indigenous Peoples ZOI Zone of Influence LAA Land Acquisition Act LAR Land Acquisition and Resettlement masl meters above sea level MCT Main Central Thrust MoC Ministry of Commerce
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Chovar ICD Draft Report
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABBREVIATION AND ACRONYM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY IN NEPALI EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CHAPTER 1 NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE INSTITUTION PREPARING THE REPORT ...... 1 1.1 NAME OF THE PROPOSAL AND BRIEF INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.2 NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE PROPONENT ...... 1 1.3 NAME AND ADDRESS OF INSTITUTE PREPARING THE REPORT ...... 1 1.4 EIA STUDY TEAM AND DECLARATION ...... 2 1.5 ORGANIZATION OF THE EIA STUDY REPORT ...... 2 CHAPTER 2 SUMMARY OF THE PROPOSAL ...... 3 2.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 3 2.1.1 General Project Background ...... 3 2.1.2 Necessity of ICD in Kathmandu Valley ...... 4 2.1.3 Salient Features of the Project ...... 5 2.2 PROJECT LOCATION ...... 6 2.2.1 Existing Condition of the Project Site at Chovar ...... 6 2.2.2 Other Infrastructures within the Premises ...... 7 2.3 PROJECT AREA DELINEATION ...... 8 2.3.1 Direct Impact Area (DIA) ...... 8 2.3.2 Indirect Impact Area (IIA) ...... 8 2.3.3 Zone of Influence (ZoI) ...... 8 2.4 OBJECTIVE OF EIA ...... 9 2.5 RATIONALITY FOR CONDUCTING EIA ...... 10 CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY ADOPTED ...... 12 3.1 PREPARATORY WORKS FOR EIA CONDUCTION ...... 13 3.1.1 Desk Study ...... 13 3.1.2 Literature Review ...... 13 3.1.3 Review of Relevant Government‟s Policies, Laws, Guidelines and Manuals ...... 13 3.1.4 Study Of Maps/Other Maps ...... 13 3.2 PREPARATION OF SCOPING DOCUMENT AND TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) ...... 14 3.3 CONDUCTION OF FIELD DATA COLLECTION FOR EIA STUDY ...... 14 3.3.1 Site Inspection and Field Study ...... 14 3.3.2 Field Study and Collection of Baseline Data ...... 14 3.3.3 Conduction of Consultation, Interactions Meeting and Public Hearing ...... 17 3.4 PREPARATION OF EIA DOCUMENT ...... 18 3.4.1 Compilation of Baseline Information, Impact Identification, Prediction and Evaluation . 18 3.4.2 Prescription of Mitigation and Enhancement Measures, Monitoring and Auditing...... 20 3.4.3 Preparation of Environment Management Plan ...... 20 3.4.4 Alternative Analysis ...... 20 3.5 STUDY LIMITATIONS ...... 21 CHAPTER 4 DETAILS OF THE PROJECT ...... 22 4.1 DETAIL DESIGN OF ICD ...... 22 4.1.1 Proposed Project Components Summary ...... 22 4.1.2 Detail Plan of ICD ...... 25 4.2 OVERALL FACILITIES PLANNED IN ICD ...... 25 4.2.1 Facilities Provided in ICD ...... 25 4.2.2 Description of the Facilities Provided in ICD ...... 26
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4.3 CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ICD CONSTRUCTION ...... 33 4.4 PROJECT SCHEDULE PROPOSED ...... 36 CHAPTER 5 EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION – BASELINE CONDITION ...... 38 5.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...... 38 5.1.1 General Topography ...... 38 5.1.2 General Climate and Meteorology ...... 38 5.1.3 General Geology and Geomorphology ...... 40 5.1.4 General Hydrology ...... 42 5.1.5 Water, Air and Noise Quality Situation ...... 44 5.2 TRANSPORTATION SCENARIO AT CHOVAR ICD AREA AND ITS VICINITY ...... 50 5.3 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ...... 54 5.3.1 Trees within Project Area of Proposed ICD ...... 56 5.4 SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT ...... 58 5.4.1 Demographic Characteristics of Kirtipur Municipality ...... 58 5.4.2 Demographic Characteristic Of Bhutkhel Settlement ...... 59 5.4.3 Language and Ethnicity ...... 60 5.4.4 Caste and Ethnicity ...... 60 5.4.5 Settlement Patterns ...... 63 5.4.6 Economic Activities ...... 63 5.4.7 Land-use and Land Cover Change (between 1992 to 2014, in Kirtipur Municipality) ... 63 5.4.8 Cultural and Religious Environment ...... 67 5.4.9 Other Social Infrastructure Facilities and their Status ...... 71 5.4.10 Directly Project Affected People ...... 73 5.4.11 People‟s perception about the Project ...... 73 CHAPTER 6 IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ...... 75 6.1 BENEFICIAL IMPACTS ...... 75 6.1.1 During Construction Stage ...... 75 6.1.2 During Operation Stage...... 76 6.2 ADVERSE IMPACTS ...... 77 6.2.1 Impact during Pre-construction and Preparation Phase ...... 80 6.2.2 Adverse Impacts during Construction Phase ...... 80 6.2.3 Possible Environmental Impacts Related to Project Operation Phase ...... 86 CHAPTER 7 ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS ...... 97 7.1 NON-IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT ...... 97 7.2 ALTERNATIVE PLANS INCORPORATED IN DESIGN ...... 98 CHAPTER 8 MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 105 8.1 BENEFICIAL IMPACTS AUGMENTATION MEASURES ...... 105 8.1.1 Construction Phase ...... 105 8.1.2 Operation Phase ...... 106 8.2 ADVERSE IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 108 8.2.1 Pre-Construction Phase (Preparatory Phase for Main Construction) ...... 108 8.3 TENTATIVE COST ESTIMATION OF MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 128 8.3.1 Compensatory Plantation and its Protection ...... 128 CHAPTER 9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 133 9.1 OBJECTIVE OF ENVIRONENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 133 9.1.1 Environmental Management Roles and Responsibility ...... 133 9.1.2 Organzation and Staffing for EMP Implementation ...... 138 9.2 ESTIMATED BUDGET FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN IMPLEMENTATION ...... 138 9.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 139 9.3.1 Plan for Beneficial Impacts Augmentation Measures ...... 140
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9.3.2 Plan for Adverse Impacts Mitigation Plan ...... 142 CHAPTER 10 MONITORING OF THE PROPOSAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING ...... 163 10.1 MONITORING PLAN FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MITIGATION MEASURE ...... 163 10.1.1 Types of Monitoring ...... 163 10.1.2 Monitoring Parameters ...... 164 10.1.3 Monitoring Location, Schedules and Responsibilities ...... 166 10.2 ADVERSE IMPACTS MONITORING PLAN ...... 166 10.2.1 Monitoring Parameters ...... 166 10.2.2 Monitoring Form ...... 167 10.3 BUDGETS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ...... 179 10.4 ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING ...... 180 10.4.1 Objective of Auditing ...... 180 10.4.2 Scope of Auditing ...... 180 10.5 FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING ...... 180 10.6 AUDITING PARAMETER, METHODS AND INDICATORS ...... 181 10.7 AUDITING LOCATION ...... 181 10.8 AUDITING SCHEDULE ...... 181 10.9 AUDITING METHODS ...... 181 10.10 AUDIT PLAN ...... 182 10.11 ESTIMATED ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING COST ...... 183 10.12 REPORTING REQUIREMENTS ...... 184 CHAPTER 11 REVIEW OF POLICY, LEGISLATION, GUIDELINES AND INSTITUTIONS ...... 185 CHAPTER 12CONCLUSION...... 203
ANNEXES ANNEX I MAPS ANNEX II PHYSICAL DATA ANNEX III BIOLOGICAL DATA ANNEX IV SOCIAL DATA ANNEX V PUBLIC CONSULTATION DURING EIA STAGE ANNEX VI PROJECT INFORMATION LEAFLET ANNEX VII QUESTIONNAIRE USED ANNEX VIII PUBLIC NOTICE AND NOTIFICATION EVIDENCE ANNEX IX DOCUMENTATION OF CORRESPONDENCE FROM STAKEHOLDERS ANNEX X PHOTOGRAPHS ANNEX XI APPROVED TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) ANNEX XII LIST OF TEAM MEMBERS AND DECLARATION FORM ANNEX XIII JAL BINAYAK TEMPLE AREA LOCAL AREA IMPROVEMENT PLAN ANNEX XIV GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ANNEX XV ACTION PLAN FOR TRANSLOCATION OF TEMPORARILY-SETTLED EARTHQUAKE-AFFECTED FAMILIES ANNEX XVI OTHERS Environment Safeguard Management Plans to be Prepared by Contractor Sample Protocol For Communication Sample Communication Plan
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Chovar ICD Draft Report
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY IN NEPALI
sfo{sf/L ;f/+z != k[i7e"dL g]kfnn] b]zsf ljleGg :yfgx?df afl0fHo Jofkf/;Fu ;DalGwt k"jf{wf/, h:t} ;'Vvf jGb/ufx OgNof08 lSno/]G; l8kf] Plss[t r]s kf]i6 cflbsf](Inland lgdf{0f Clearance dfkm{t lgof{tnfO{ Depot (ICD)), al9 k|ltikwL{ agfpg] ;fy}(Integrated cfoftLt ;fdfu|Lsf]Check Post nfut (ICP)), sd ug]{ p4]Zo g]kfn ;/sf/n] /fv]sf] 5 . ;'Vvf jGb/ufx -OgNof08 lSno/]G; l8kf] h:tf lgsfox?n] l;3|| eG;f/ 5'6fpg], Sjf/]G6fO{g hfFr (Inlandtyf uf]bfd Cleara cflbnce ;'ljwfx?sf] Depot (ICD)) ;'wf/df dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng] ub{5 . xfn ;Dd cfoft lgof{tsf nfuL cfjZos kg]{ k"jf{wf/ sf7df08f}+ glhs g/x]sf] cjZyf 5 . o;} sf/0f, sf7df08f}+ lelqg] / aflx/Lg] dfnjfxs ;fwgx? -sG6]g/ ufl8x?_ af6 9'jfgL x'g] sG6]g/x? /flvg] / eG;f/ ;DjGwL sfo{x? ul/g] / ;fy} sf7df08f}+af6 lgof{t x'g] ;fdfu|Lx? /fvL aflxl/g] uf8Lx? /xg] :yfgsf] ?kdf ljsl;t ul/, cGt/fli6«o :t/sf] ;'Vvf jGb/ufx OgNof08 lSno/]G; l8kf] lgdf0f{ ug]{ nIo /flv, g]kfn ;/sf/, jfl0fHo dGqfno cGtut(Inland /x]sf] Clea g]kfnrance OG6/df]8nDepot (ICD)) oftfoft ljsf; ;ldltn], lslt{k'/ gu/kflnsf j8f g+ !$, rf]ef/ l:yt ;fljs lxdfn l;d]G6 sf/vfgf /x]sf] :yfgdf, ;'Vvf aGb/ufx, ljZj aF}sn] cfly{s ;xof]udf lgd{f0f ug]{ lg0f{o ePsf] 5 . @= kl/of]hgf k|:tfjsf] p4]Zo tyf kl/of]hgf k|:tfjs o; jftfj/0fLo k|efj d'NofÍg k|ltj]bgsf]] d'Vo p4]Zo k|:tfljt cfof]hgf lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfng;Fu ;DalGwt ;jfnx?sf](EIA) klxrfg u/L o;n] kfg]{ ;Defljt c;/x?sf] Go'lgs/0fsf pkfox? ;'emfpg' /x]sf] 5 . of] k|:tfjsf] k|:tfjs >L g]kfn ;/sf/, jfl0fHo dGqfno, g]kfn OG6/df]8n oftfoft ljsf; ;ldlt /x]sf] 5 . (Nepal Intermodal Transport Development Board (NITDB)) #= cfof]hgfsf] ljj/0f k|:tfljt;'Vvf jGb/ufx cfof]hgf # gDa/ k|b]zsf] rf]ef/ l:yt lslt{k'/ gu/kflnsfsf] j8f g+ ^ cGtu{t kb{5 . cfof]hgf If]q ;fljs lxdfn l;d]G6 sf/vfgfn] rr]{sf] If]qdf kb{5 . Rff]ef/df k|:tfljt ;'Vvf aGb/ufx aNv' rqmky b]lv $=% ls=ld=sf] b'/Ldf aNv' (ICD), – blIf0fsfnL ;8s v08 cGtu{t kb{5 . xfn of] ;8snfO{ ;8s ljefun] ;8s ;'wf/ cfof]hgf cGtu{t ;'wf/ sfo{ ul/b} cfPsf] 5 . cfof]hgf :yn rf]ef/ l:yt hn (RIP) ljgfos dlGb/ glhs} afUdtL glbsf] bfFof lsgf/df /x]sf] 5 . k|:tfljt kl/of]hgf ;DalGw ljz]iftfx? lgDg tflnsf ! df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . ICD
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Chovar ICD Draft Report
Tfflnsf !M ;'Vvf aGb/ufxsf ljz]iftfx?
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Chovar ICD Draft Report
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$= k|d'v jftfjf/l0fo k|efj klxrfg / To;sf] Go"lgs/0fsf pkfox?
$=! ;sf/fTds k|efj
;'Vvf aGb/ufx lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfng cjlwdf kl/of]hgf :yndf s]lx ;sf/fTds k|efjx? b]vf kb{5g . lgdf{0f cjlwdf /f]huf/L >[hgf x'g] / cfDbfgL a[l4 x'g] ;fy} :yflgo hg;d'bfosf] cfDbfgL a9\g ;Sg]5 . o; cfof]hgf cGt/ut lbOg] ljleGg cfo cfh{gsf tflnd sfo{qmdx?af6 klg ljleGg k|fljlws ;Lkdf a[l4 x'g]5 . oL tflndx?af6 lbu{ ?kdf /f]huf/L, Jofkf/df a[l4 eO :yfgLo afl;Gbfn] kmfObf xfl;n ug]{ cj;/ k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
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$=@ kg{ ;Sg] ;Defljt hf]lvd Pj+ c;/x? cfof]hgf lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfng cjlwdf s]lx k|efj Pj+ c;/x? kg{ ;Sg] ;Defjgf /xG5 .
ef}lts jftfj/0fdf kg]{ s]lx k|efjx?
ef}lts jftfj/0fdf kg]{ s]lx c;/x?, h:t} lgdf{0fsf] a]nf jfo' / WjgL k|b'if0f a9g], kmf]xf]/ d}nf y'lk|g], afudtL glb k|0ffnLdf b'lift kbfy{ ldl;g ;Sg] h:tf lgdf{0f ;DaGwL s]lx ;d:ofx? x'g ;Sg] ;+efjgf /xG5 .
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Chovar ICD Draft Report h}ljs jftfj/0fdf kg]{ k|efjx?
;'Vvf aGb/ufx lgdf{0fdf, cfof]hgf If]q leqsf /x]sf hDdf s]xL ?vx? sf6\g' kg]{ 5 t/ h}ljs jftfj/0fdf eg] pNn]Vo c;/ kfg]{ b]lv+b}g . tyfkL xfnsf] u]6 aflx/, km'6jn u|fpG8 k"j{ ;d]tsf s]xL 3gf jg ;fd'bfoLs ?kdf jg ;+/If0f ePsf] / ;+/lIft ?kdf g} /flvg] 5 .
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%= Go'lgs/0fsf pkfox? pNn]lvt ljleGg ;+efljt c;/sf] ;dfwfgsf] nflu Go'lgs/0fsf pkfox? ;'emfOPsf] 5 .
%=! ef}lts jftfj/0f ;'Vvf jGb/ufx lgdf0f{sf] a]nf pTkGg 6«flkms ;DaGwL ;d:ofnfO{ xn ug{ 7]s]bf/ sDkgLn] ckgfpg' kg]{ pkfox? lj:t[t ?kdf of] k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . lgdf{0fsf] a]nf jfo' / WjgL k|b'if0f Go'lgs/0f ug{ / glhssf] j:tLdf sd c;/ k'/ofpg, lgdf{0f :ynnfO{ k'0f{ ?kdf 3]g]{, kvf{n nufpg] / WjgL lgoGq0f ug{ jf/ nufpg] , lgdf{0f If]q aflx/ kof{Kt dfqfdf ;'/IffsdL{ / 6«flkms Joj:yfkg ug]{ Joltm(Sound /fVg], w'nf]sf]Barrier) ;d:of x'g glbg kof{Kt dfqfdf kfgL 5s{g] Joj:yf ug]{, cfbL sfo{ ug{ 7]s]bf/ sDkgLn] kfngf ug'{ kg]{ zt{x? ;lxtsf] s/f/gfdf jf 7]Ssf ;Demf}tf kqdf ;dfj]z ePsf 5g\ . oL pkfox?af6 ef}lts jftfj/0fdf kg{ ;Sg] c;/x? GogLs/0f x'g] ljZjf; lnOPsf] 5 .
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Chovar ICD Draft Report hxfF j[Iff/f]kg kZRoft Jojl:yt kfs{sf] ?kdf ljsl;t ug]{ kl/sNkgf ul/Psf] 5_ / ;+/If0f ug]{ pkfox? to ul/ cfjZos ah]6sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
%=# ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf ;fF:s[lts jftfj/0f
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^= jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg of]hgf jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf pkfox? nfu' ug{sf lglDt aftfj/0f Joa:yfkg sfo{ of]hgf lgd{f0f ul/Psf] 5, h;df cfof]hgf lgdf{0f cjlwdf ;DefJo gsf/fTds(Environment k|efjx?nfO{ Management Go'gLs/0f Plan) ug{ ckgfpg kg]{ pkfox? / 7]s]bf/ sDkgLn] kfngf ug'{ kg]{ zt{x? ;dfj]z ePsf 5g\ . jftfj/0fLo k|efj Go'gLs/0f ug{sf nfuL cg'dflgt nfut jftfj/0fLo k|efjnfO{ Go'gLs/0f ug{sf nfuL cg'dfgLt nfut lzif{s, — h:t} h}ljsjftfj/0fdf x«f; x'g glbg ul/g] j[Iff/f]k0f / % jif{ ;Dd /f]lkPsf af]6x?sf] ;+/If0f ug{ nfUg] vr{, ;fdflhs pTyfgsf nfuL k|:tfjssf] tkm{af6 5§fOPsf] ah]6, lgdf{0f cjwLdf ;DefJo jftfj/0fLo c;/x?nfO{ Go'gLs/0f ug{ ckgfpg' kg]{ pkfox?sf] nfuL 5§fOPsf] ah]6, ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . cfof]hgf :ynaf6 glhs /x]sf] hn ljgfos dlGb/ kl/;/sf] ;'wf/sf] nfuL af6f]sf] sfnf]kq], Jojl:yt kfls{Ë, ;8s alQ, cfsf;] k'n nufPsf k|:tfjx? k|:tfjssf] tkm{af6 Joj:yf ul/ tkl;n adf]lhd ah]6 5§fOPsf] 5 . o;sf] ;f/f+z tnsf] tflnsf @ df lbOPsf] 5 .
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tflnsf @M k|efj Go'gLs/0f pkfosf] nfut ;f/f+z qm= ;= ljj/0f hDdf ! h}ljs jftfj/0f ;+/If0f afkt ?= $),)^,))) -IftLk'tL{ j[Iff/f]k0f / ?v sf6fg_ ;lxt @ ;fdflhs pTyfg afkt nfut ?=^),)),))) # jftfj/0fLo c;/ Go'lgs/0f nfut ?=$!,^$,))) $ hn ljgfos dlGb/ kl/;/sf] ;'wf/sf / -d'n ;8sdf cfsf;] k'n / af6f] / bf]af6f] ;'wf/ ;lxt_ ?= $,!!,&&,%^*
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!= xfnsf] Psn n]gsf] ;8snfO{, 3'dfp/f] :yfgdf ;f]emf] ul/, rf}8fO $ n]gsf] agfpg k|:tfj ul/ ah]6 Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf] cltl/St, sG6]g/ uf8Lsf] nfuL 5'§} Ps n]gsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} k}bn ofqLsf] nfuL /]lnË ;lxtsf] k]6Lsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . @= ;8s lsgf/ ;f}o alQsf] Joj:yf ul/ ah]6df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} rf]ef/ glhssf] le/fnf] / 3'dfp/f] d'n ;8sdf 6«flkms hf]lvdnfO{ Go'gLs/0f ug{, alQ, k]6L / ;8s dfls{Ë ug]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . #= d'n ;8s / rf]ef/ k'n hf]8\g] af6f] sfnf] kq] ug]{ / kfls{Ë :yndf l;d]G6 Jns lgdf0f{ ul/ ;/;kmfO ug{ ah]6sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . $= :yfgLo txdf ;+/lIft ;fd'bfoLs jg -3gf jg_nfO{ oyfjt ;+/If0f ul/Psf] 5 . %=rf]ef/ hnljgfos If]qsf] jftfj/0f ;'wf/sf] nfuL, hn ljgfos dlGb/ If]qaf6 afudtL gbLsf] bfFof lsgf/df t6jGw lgdf0f{ ul/, sl/j ()) dL6/ nDafO{df sl/j !),))) lj?jf j[Iff/f]k0f ul/ dlg{Ë jfs ug{ of]Uo dw'/d kfs{ agfpg k|:tfj ul/ ah]6 Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . ^= o; kl/of]hgfaf6 kg{ ;Sg] k|efjx?sf] Go'gLs/0f ug{ :yfgLo ;/sf/, :yfgLo k|a'å ju{, lj1, ;dfh;]jL tyf ;/f]sf/jfnf ;Fu lg/Gt/ ;dGjo / ;'emfj ;+sng ul/ of] kl/of]hgf lgdf{0f ;DkGg ug]{ ;f]r /x]sf] 5 .
&= lgisif{ / ;'emfj o; k|:tfljt ;'Vvf jGb/ufx sf7df08f}+ lelqg] / aflx/Lg] dfnjfxs ;fwgx?sf] Jojl:yt :yfgsf] ?kdf ljsl;t eO, eG;f/ ;DjGwL sfo{x? ;xh ?kdf ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Chovar ICD Draft Report k|:t't jftfj/0fLo k|efj d'NofÍg k|ltj]bg, k|:tfljt ;'Vvf aGb/ufx lgdf{0fjf6 jftfj/0fdf kg]{ ;Defljt k|efjx?sf] ;Gbe{df ul/Psf] 5 . k|:tfljt cfof]hgfjf6 ;Lldt ef}lts, h}ljs tyf ;fdflhs–cfly{s k|efjx? kg]{ blvG5 . o; cfof]hgf ;~rfngn] cf;kf;sf] j:tL If]qdf ;sf/fTds k|efj kg]{ ljZjf; lnO{Psf] 5 . o; jfx]s cfof]hgf lgdf{0f r/0fdf :yfgLo /f]huf/Lsf cj;/ j9g], :yfgLo cy{tGqdf a[l4 x'g'sf] ;fy} :yfgLo jfl;Gbfdf k|fljlws ;Lk cflbsf] a[l4 x'g] ;Defjgf 5 . o; k|:tfljt ;'Vvf aGb/ufx lgdf{0fjf6 s'g} pNn]Vo ef}lts jftfj/0fLo k|efj kfb}{g tyfkL cfof]hgf lgdf{0f / ;~rfng cjlwdf x'g;Sg] k|efjnfO{ pko'Qm Go'lgs/0fsf pkfox?åf/f ;dfwfg ug{ ;'emfOPsf] 5 . o; k|ltj]bgdf ;'emfOPsf jftfj/0fLo k|efj Go'gLs/0fsf kof{Kt pkfox? Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . o; k|ltj]bgdf k|:tfj ul/Psf pkfox? / lgdf{0f 7]s]bf/ sDkgLn] kfngf ug'{kg]{ zt{x? / jftfj/0f Joa:yfkg sfo{ of]hgf d'tfljs lgdf{0f ug{ u/fpg o; cfof]hgfsf k|:tfjs / (Environment cGo ;/sf/L Managementtyf u}/ ;/sf/L Plan) lgsfox? ;'emfj ul/Psf] 5 . h'g cGt/fli6«o dfkb08 cg';f/ ePsf] dfGg ;lsG5 .
;du|df o; kl/of]hgfsf] lgdf{0f tyf ;+rfngn] :yfgLo txsf] ;fy} ;du| If]qsf] ;d'Ggt ljsf; Pj+ ;d[lådf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ 6]jf k'Ug] :ki6 b]lvG5 . o; ;'Vvf jGb/ufx kl/of]hgfsf ;fy;fy} rf]ef/df k|:tfj ul/Psf] cGt/fli6«o k|b{zgL :ynsf] lgdf0f{ kl5 ko{6g tyf cltyL ;Tsf/sf s[ofsnfkdf j[lå eO, ;du| jftfj/0fdf :jR5tfdf j[lå eO Ps /d0fLo :ynsf] ?kdf ljsl;t x'g] 5 .
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. Background Nepal is a geographically diverse, landlocked and small in comparison to neighboring countries, surrounded by India in the South, East and West and the Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China in the North. Nepal‟s access to international trade markets depends on transport infrastructure, logistics services and transit facilities to and from these neighboring countries.
To make exports more competitive and to reduce cost of imported goods, Nepal planned to invest on trade related infrastructure, namely, Container Freight Station (CFS) /Inland Container Depot (ICD). Container Freight Station (CFS) and Inland Container Depot (ICD) play an important role in improving the situation by accelerating customs clearance, quarantine inspections and storage facilities.
Nepal is not facilitated with import and export infrastructures near to its capital city Kathmandu, till date. Thus, to assist the vehicles loaded with goods (container vehicles) entering and exiting Kathmandu valley, to facilitate their appropriate parking and to speed up the custom clearance, Nepal Intermodal Transport Development Board (NITDB)under Government of Nepal (GoN), Ministry of Commerce, has planned to construct an international level dry port and Inland Container Depot (ICD) at Chovar, Ward no. -14 of Kirtipur Municipality, former area occupied by Himal Cement Factory. The project will be funded by World Bank. 2. Objective of the Proposal and the Proponent of the Project The main objective of the proposal is to identify priority environmental impacts and issues associated with the constructions and operation of this proposed ICD project and suggest suitable mitigation measures of the associated impacts.
The Proponent of this proposed“Inland Clearance Depot (ICD)” Project is, Government of Nepal, Ministry of Commerce, Nepal Intermodal Transport Development Board (NITDB)
3. Project Description The project area lies in Chovar, Kirtipur Municipality of No. 3 province. The proposed ICD project site was formerly occupied by Himal Cement Factory. The proposed dry port (ICD)at Chovar is located at a distance of 4.5 km from the Balkhu-Dakshinkali junction of the Ring Road. This road is currentlyundergoingup-gradationunder the Road Improvement Project (RIP)of the Department of Roads. The project area is near to the Jal Binayak Temple at Chovar, and at right bank of Bagmati River.
The Salient Features of the proposed ICD projected is presented below in Table 1
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Table 1: Salient Features of the ICD project 1. Name of Project Kathmandu Inland Container Depot (ICD) at Chovar 2. Project Cost NRs 2,187,260,186.29 3. Location 3.1 Geographical Location Provincial No. 3(Central Development Region) 3.2 District Kathmandu Kirtipur Municipality, Ward No. 6 (new) [merged with Ward 3.3 Location Nos. 13, 14, & 15 ] Main Site Area : 8.7 Ha. (172 Ropani) Annex Site Area : 1.27 Ha. (25 Ropani) NITDB Office Site Area : 0.72Ha. (14.3 Ropani) 3.4 Total Project Site Area Quarter Site Area : 1.05 Ha. (20.8 Ropani) Pump house area : 0.025 Ha. (0.5 Ropani) Total Area : 11.77 Ha. (232.6 Ropani) F 022, Balkhu – Dakshinkali Road, 2 lane, Black Topped 4. Approach Road Road 4.1 Classification Feeder Road, 9-10m wide 4.2 Road Length 4.5 km from Balku – Ring Road Junction 4.3 Right-of-Way (ROW) 15m on either side of Centre Line 5. Proposed ICD Facilities 5.1 Container Ground Slots With M-50 Grade Paver Block pavement 6000 Sq. m. 5.2 Exim area For 116 TEUs 5.3 Domestic area For 86 Truck Parking Exim (54 m x 24 m), 2 units Domestic (54 m x 24 m), 5.4 Warehouses 3units Exim (For 100 Nos. staff, G+2, each 900 Sq. m.)2700 Sq. m. Admin Block 5.5 Domestic 300 Sq. m. 5.6 Open Inspection Area 3630 Sq. m in Exim 5.7 Inspection platform 200 Sq. m in Exim (2units) 1120 Sq. m, 800Sq.m (In Exim) and 5.8 Stuffing – De-stuffing Platform 2 units 400Sq.m and 1units 550 Sq. m in Domestic 5.9 Driver's Rest Room 150Sq. m.(1 Units),1 Units Exim 5.10 Elec. Sub Station & LT Room 280 Sq. m. , 33/11 KV, LT Room : 90 Sq. m. 5.11 Reach Stacker Shed 300 Sq. m. 5.12 Tool Room 40 Sq. m. 5.13 Security Building (1Nos, 400 Sq. m. each) 400 Sq. m.1 Unit In Exim Area. (3 nos., 9 Sq. m. each) 27 Sq. m., capacity 100MT 2 Units 5.14 Weigh Bridge Control Room in Exim and 1 unit in Domestic 5.15 Custom Inspector Shed (2 nos., (5m x 3m)15 Sq. m. in Exim ) 5.16 Security Officer (2 nos., 1 each 20 Sq. m. in Exim and Domestic) Residential accommodation 4 Blocks (2 No.-3BHK, 8 nos.-2BHK) 3400 Sq. m. in Annex 5.17 (outside ICD Complex) Land NITDB Office 5.18 1 Block, 1180 Sq. m. (GF+2F) in Annex Land (outside ICD Complex) 6. Other Facilities 6.1 Parking Area 5130 Sq. m. Ground Level Reservoir, Pump 6.2 450 Sq. m. House & Fire Fighting System Periphery Drain 1600 m,300KL ,150KL for Fire Fighting and 6.3 Water supply & Drainage system 150 KL for Water supply 6.4 Sewage Treatment Plant Inside the ICD 6.5 Illumination System Open area minimum 300 Lux/Lumines 6.6 Security & Surveillance Central CCTV System 6.7 Greenery/ Landscaping 6% area of the total project area 6.8 Trash Disposal Shed 60 Sq.m respectively 6.9 Boundary wall & Gates 1300 m; 3 Gates Source: Detail Design Report, 2017
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4. Major Environment Impacts Identified and their Mitigation Measures Proposed
4.1 Beneficial Impacts General beneficial impacts are likely to occur in the Project area during Project construction and operation stage. Generation of employment opportunities and increase in income, enhancement in technical skills of local people through training are the beneficial impacts likely to occurduring construction stage. These training and skills will increase the employment, trade and finally income in the long run.
4.2 Adverse Impacts Adverse impacts associated to the Project‟s activities during Project construction and operation stage are given below:
Adverse Impacts on Physical Environment Some negative impacts are likely to occur on Physical Environment during construction stage, such asair and noise pollution, solid waste generation, contamination of Bagmati River with solid and liquid pollutants.Increase pressure of construction vehicles and equipment can cause accidents. Similarly, rate of traffic accidents can increase due to increased incoming and out-going containers and freight vehicles, to and from the project area during operation stage. Adverse Impacts on Biological Environment Total of 400trees are likely to be felled for the construction of thisProject. Among these 400 trees, 40 are pole size trees with 10-30 cmdiameter and 360are matured trees with more than 30 cmdiameter.
These trees are needed to be cleared for the construction of the Project and extension of road, however no significant impact on biological environment is anticipated from these cutting.
Adverse Impacts on Social and Cultural Environment The proposed Project will use the land acquired by the former Himal Cement Factory. All land is under the ownership of Nepal Government. No further acquisition of land is required for this particular project, thus there is no issues of land acquisition, resettlement and compensation for thisproject.
Pressure on local social services, commodities and resources due to external workforce can be observed during construction stage of project. Similarly,increase in unsocial activities such as robbery, prostitution, conflicts, gambling and alcoholismcan also occur due to pressure of external work force.
Other Social Impacts
Impacton occupational health and safety of workers due to use of heavy constructional equipment cannot be overseen. Impact on historical and cultural heritage particularlyJal Binayak Temple and Chovar itself and increase in Traffic flow, which may leadto accidents are other social impacts of this Project.
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5. Mitigation Measures The mitigation measures to avoid or reduce above-mentioned adverse impacts are summarized hereunder:
5.1 Physical Environment The mitigation measures for the adverse physical impacts arising during the construction stage of the dry port is described in this report. To minimize the air and noise pollution affecting the surrounding areas during construction stage, construction area shall be well fenced, sound barriers shall be installed to control unnecessary noise, water shall be sprayed in working and dusty areas to control dust, sufficient number of guards and flagmen shall be deployed to manage traffic. These agreements shall be followed by the respective contractors and have been mentioned in the contract document.
5.2 Biological Environment Project will plant and conserve10,000saplingsat the rate of 25 saplings per each felled tree as compensatory plantation so as to maintain the biological environment of the project area.Site of plantation (the bank of the Bagmati River where a well-managed park is proposed after plantation)and conservation plans along with estimated budget has been finalized.
5.3 Social, Economic and Cultural Environment Mitigation measures to minimize possible adverse impacts on socio-economic and cultural aspects are as follows: Safety of workers and possible conflicts likely to arise from the workers and role of contractors to minimize them have been properly mentioned in the EIA report and reflected in contract document. Traffic safety of pedestrians during construction and operation has been highlighted with its recommended mitigative measures included in the EIA report. Enough budgets shall be allocated for enhancement of social aspects of project area and its periphery. Grievances Address Mechanism shall be incorporated for solving those impacts which have not been mitigated or unraveling public complaints.
Budget have been allocated for protection, restoration and repair of Jal Binayak Temple
6. Environmental Management Plan Environmental Management Plan has been developed so as to conserve the environment that consist of possible negative impacts and its mitigation measures during project construction and code of conduct that has to be followed by deployed contractors.
Tentative Cost Estimation of Mitigation Measures Tentative cost estimation for mitigation measures, such as; Compensatory Plantation and its conservation for 5 years to maintain the biological diversity and environment, social
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Table 8-5 Summary of Environmental Enhancement Costs
Estimate S. N. Particulars Amount (Rs.) Tree Cuttings, Compensatory Plantation and Ecological 1 4,006,000 Enhancement Costs 2 Social Support Costs 6,000,000
3 Environmental Safeguard Costs during Construction 4,164,000 Local Area Improvement Costs 4 41,177,568 (at Jal Binayak Temple Area and Surrounding Areas) Sub Total 55,347,568
Operational Costs for ESHS (as Yearly estimate) 2,200,000 Source: EIA Study Team, 2017
7. Conclusion and Recommendation The proposed ICD Projectshall well manage the loaded containers entering and exiting Kathmandu valley and will ease the custom related works. This EIA study has assessed the potential environmental impacts of the proposed ICD Project. The implementation of proposed project is expected to provide limited physical, biological and socio-economic impacts. This project is expected to have beneficial impacts on the adjoining settlement areas. Besides, the major benefit during construction stage includes employment opportunities, increase in local economy and enhancement of technical skills of the local people. Moreover, the construction of proposed ICD does not create any significant adverse impacts on the physical environment.However,mitigation measures have been suggested for adverse impacts arising during construction and operation stage. With effective application of the mitigation and management measures, the identified environmental and social adverse impacts will belocally confined and primarily limited to the period of construction. It is recommended to the proponent, government or non-government bodies to construct thisProject taking due consideration to the measures that has been mentioned in this Report andEnvironmental Management Planthat has to be followed by the contractors.
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Chapter 1 NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE INSTITUTION PREPARING THE REPORT
1.1 NAME OF THE PROPOSAL AND BRIEF INTRODUCTION
The name of this Proposal is: "Environmental Impact Assessment of Kathmandu Inland Clearance Depot (ICD) at Chovar, Kathmandu” in Kathmandu District.
The agreement for conducting Environmental Impact Assessment ofKathmandu Inland Clearance Depot (ICD) at Chovar, Kathmandu (hereinafter referred to as “the Project”) was issued by the Proponent Nepal Intermodal Transport Development Board (NITDB) to the Consultant Company.
A Scoping Document (SD) and Terms of Reference (TOR) were prepared for the proposed Project and the Ministry of Population and Environment (MOPE) had approved the Scoping Document (SD) and Terms of Reference (TOR) on 09 July 2017 (25 / 03 / 2074).
This EIA Report is based on this approved TOR and the field data collected during field surveys conducted during July to September 2017.
1.2 NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE PROPONENT
The proponent of the "Environmental Impact Assessment of Kathmandu Inland Clearance Depot (ICD) at Chovar, Kathmandu”at Chovar of Kathmandu District,is Government of Nepal, Ministry of Commerce, Nepal Intermodal Transport Development Board (NITDB).
Name and address of the proponent is as follows:
Government of Nepal Ministry of Commerce Nepal Intermodal Transport Development Board (NITDB)
Gayaneshowar, Kathmandu, Nepal Tel. 01 4439664 Fax: 4440936 Email: [email protected]
1.3 NAME AND ADDRESS OF INSTITUTE PREPARING THE REPORT
The present EIA Document has been prepared for the Project Proponent by the following Consulting Firm. Full Bright Consultancy (Pvt.) Ltd. P.O. Box 4970, Sinamangal, Kathmandu Tel: 01 4468149, 4468118, Fax: 01 4465604 Email: [email protected]
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1.4 EIA STUDY TEAM AND DECLARATION
The overall responsibility of the contents of this EIA study lies with the Report preparing institution, namely, Full Bright Consultancy (Pvt.) Ltd.
All the team members involved in the preparation of this Report, have duly declared their involvement and have taken due responsibility in preparation of this EIA Document. The declaration forms from the Study Team members and the Project Proponent are attached in ANNEX XII.
1.5 ORGANIZATION OF THE EIA STUDY REPORT
This EIA Report has been organized by following the format and Table of Contents prescribed in the Schedule 6, Rule 7 of Section 2 of the Environment Protection Rule, 1997 (first amendment 1999). The Report contains twelve Chapters. The Report also includes an Executive Summary in English as well as in Nepali.
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Chapter 2 SUMMARY OF THE PROPOSAL
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.1.1 General Project Background Since Nepal adopted liberal economic policies from the beginning of 1990s, the Government of Nepal has promoted private investment and encouraged foreign direct investment with several institutional and economic reforms.Government has taken steps to restructure the economy by introducing measures such as tax reform, massive privatization of public enterprises, dismantling Investment & Trade barriers, liberalizing the foreign exchange system and fostering the industrial potential of the country, particularly for export-oriented industries.
Nepal has entered into a new era of development with open, liberal and transparent economic policies. Giving high priority to foreign direct investment in Nepal, the government of Nepal has pursued pragmatic, one window and outward looking investment policies.
Nepal started liberalizing her economy with a wide range of economic reforms in late eighties and early 1990s. Reforms have been instrumental in making the economy more investment friendly. Transparent one window type and export oriented investment and Investment & Trade policies have provided sound base to investment. Economic Reform policies have paved way for the establishment of joint venture banks and private financial institutions as well.
The liberalized measures have encouraged the private sector to actively participate in economic activities and limited the government role to a facilitator.
Nepal became a member of World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2004, the first least- developed country (LDC) to join the WTO through the full working party process and is in process to amend or adopt certain laws and regulations consistent with WTO requirements. This has expanded the investment and Investment & Trade environment of Nepal.
Nepal‟s Investment and Trade with the world has been in deficit particularly in its Investment and Trade deficit with neighboring countries India and China is comparably huge.
Nepal‟s external sector has historically been weak. Its major component, balance of trade, has appeared in deficit continuously. In terms of composition, the merchandise trade constitutes the largest portion of foreign trade of Nepal. The value of the merchandise trade increased rapidly and the trade volume has increased by 2.86 times during the period of 2000 to 2010.
There are several features of Nepalese foreign trade. First, the commodity pattern of imports and exports indicate that Nepal‟s foreign trade confirms to comparative advantage theory of international trade. The country's comparative advantage lies in labor intensive manufacturing and agricultural products (Ministry of Commerce and Supplies; 2004). This type of trade illustrates traditional theory of trade also known as „inter industry trade.‟
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Second, Nepal‟s foreign trade is India dependent. About two-thirds of Nepal‟s trade is with India. Third, there is continuous deficit in Nepalese foreign trade. The volume of trade deficit is continuously increasing. Fourth, Nepal‟s share in total world trade has been declining. Fifth, Nepal remains dependent on a relatively small basket of exports and a few destination markets.
The imported commodities ranged from basic goods to luxurious goods as well as labor intensive goods to capital intensive goods. Nepal also imports large amount of agricultural goods from India and China. Such goods included meat, milk, and rice, vegetables from India and onion, fish, butter, garlic, apples from China. The import list did not show any input type commodities. In the exported items there is an overwhelming domination of woolen goods (carpets, woolen shawls, scarves, mufflers) and cotton goods (cotton dresses, suits) as well as agricultural products such as lentils.
2.1.2 Necessity of ICD in Kathmandu Valley Kathmandu is the economic hub of the Country, where over 50% of the economic activity and GDP is consumed and will also remain so in the coming decades. The growth of economic activity demands growth in transaction of goods and commodities. The share of vehicular transportation, from and to, trading partner (national and international) will be major and transport vehicles will be in operation.
A station to cater larger container type vehicles, while in Kathmandu, is non-existent at present. Thus a container station yards is of necessity for Kathmandu, for improved trade transactions. Because of this necessity, a suitable location has been identified at Chovar, Kathmandu and its construction is proposed by the Government. The executing agency is the Nepal Intermodal Transport Development Board (NITDB) under the Ministry of Commerce, with the financial support of the World Bank, under Nepal India Regional Trade and Transport Project (NIRTTP).
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2.1.3 Salient Features of the Project Table 2.1: SalientFeatures of proposed ICD at Chovar, Kathmandu 1. Name of Project Kathmandu Inland Container Depot (ICD) at Chovar 2. Project Cost NRs 2,187,260,186.29 3. Location 3.1 Geographical Location Provincial No. 3(Central Development Region) 3.2 District Kathmandu Kirtipur Municipality, Ward No. 6 (new) [merged with Ward Nos. 3.3 Location 13, 14, & 15 ] Main Site Area : 8.7 Ha. (172 Ropani) Annex Site Area : 1.27 Ha. (25 Ropani) NITDB Office Site Area : 0.72Ha. (14.3 Ropani) 3.4 Total Project Site Area Quarter Site Area : 1.05 Ha. (20.8 Ropani) Pump house area : 0.025 Ha (0.5 Ropani) Total Area : 11.77 Ha. (232.6 Ropani) 4. Approach Road F 022, Balkhu – Dakshinkali Road, 2 lane, Black Topped Road 4.1 Classification Feeder Road, 9-10m wide 4.2 Road Length 4.5 km from Balku – Ring Road Junction 4.3 Right-of-Way (ROW) 15m on either side of Centre Line 5. Proposed ICD Facilities 5.1 Container Ground Slots With M-50 Grade Paver Block pavement 6000 Sq. m. 5.2 Exim area For 116 TEUs 5.3 Domestic area For 86 Truck Parking 5.4 Warehouses Exim (54 m x 24 m), 2 units Domestic (54 m x 24 m), 3units Exim (For 100 Nos. staff, G+2, each 900 Sq. m.)2700 Sq. m. Admin Block 5.5 Domestic 300 Sq. m. 5.6 Open Inspection Area 3630 Sq. m in Exim 5.7 Inspection platform 200 Sq. m in Exim (2units) 1120 Sq. m, 800Sq.m (In Exim) and 5.8 Stuffing – Destuffing Platform 2 units 400Sq.m and 1units 550 Sq. m in Domestic 5.9 Driver's Rest Room 150Sq. m.(1 Units),1 Units Exim 5.10 Elec. Sub Station & LT Room 280 Sq. m. , 33/11 KV, LT Room : 90 Sq. m. 5.11 Reach Stacker Shed 300 Sq. m. 5.12 Tool Room 40 Sq. m. 5.13 Security Building (1Nos, 400 Sq. m. each) 400 Sq. m.1 Unit In Exim Area. (3 nos., 9 Sq. m. each) 27 Sq. m., capacity 100MT 2 Units in 5.14 Weigh Bridge Control Room Exim and 1 unit in Domestic 5.15 Custom Inspector Shed (2 nos., (5m x 3m)15 Sq. m. in Exim ) 5.16 Security Officer (2 nos., 1 each 20 Sq. m. in Exim and Domestic) Residential accommodation 4 Blocks (2 No.-3BHK, 8 nos.-2BHK) 3400 Sq. m. in Annex 5.17 (outside ICD Complex) Land NITDB Office 5.18 1 Block, 1180 Sq. m. (GF+2F) in Annex Land (outside ICD Complex) 6. Other Facilities 6.1 Parking Area 5130 Sq. m. Ground Level Reservoir, Pump 6.2 450 Sq. m. House & Fire Fighting System Water supply & Drainage Periphery Drain 1600 m,300KL ,150KL for Fire Fighting and 150 6.3 system KL for Water supply 6.4 Sewage Treatment Plant Inside the ICD 6.5 Illumination System Open area minimum 300 Lux/Lumines 6.6 Security & Surveillance Central CCTV System 6.7 Greenery/ Landscaping 6% area of the total project area 6.8 Trash Disposal Shed 60 Sq.m respectively 6.9 Boundary wall & Gates 1300 m; 3 Gates Source: Detail Design Report, 2017
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2.2 PROJECT LOCATION
The proposed ICD site at Chovar, is located at a distance of 4.5 km from the Balkhu junction of the Ring Road, towards Taudaha and Dakshinkali Road, within the premises previously occupied by the Himal Cement Factory. This road (from Balkhu to Dakshinkali, F022) is currently undergoing improvement works under the Road Improvement Project (RIP), of Department of Roads.
The proposed ICD site at Chovar (at former Himal Cement Factory main Factory site) is very near to the Jal Binayak Temple at Chovar, and at Bagmati River‟s right bank.
Figure 2.1 Location Map of Project
2.2.1 Existing Condition of the Project Site at Chovar Geographically, the site is located in South West of Kathmandu Valley, near the Chovar gorge, along the bank of Bagmati river. More than 60% is vacant, and remaining land has some infrastructures related to cement factory.
Open space northern part Open Space east
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Open land inside the Compound amongst
Open ground with tall grasses and trees western side
As of Nov. 2017, dismantling process of the factory buildings of the former Himal Cement Factory is undergoing, with approximately 30% dismantling works remaining to be completed. The dismantling and removing of the scarp material has been subcontracted out to a local firm by the NITDB.
The main factory component being dismantled
2.2.2 Other Infrastructures within the Premises The area of former Himal Cement Factory consists of the industry complex, abandoned and old buildings were damaged by recent earthquakes and several old abandoned and scraps vehicles are present over there.
Among the total area of the factory ground, less than 40% of the ground is occupied by buildings and factories. Whereas, the rest of the ground is open and covered by tall grasses and trees.
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2.3 PROJECT AREA DELINEATION
For the study of EIA, the possible areas where the impacts can be expected delineated as Direct Impact Area (DIA), Indirect Impact Area (IIA) and Zone of Influence (ZOI). The description of the delineated areas, along the alignment is described as below:
2.3.1 Direct Impact Area (DIA) This project‟s Direct Impact Area (DIA) includes all the areas where activities related to the construction and operation stage. The area within 100m from the boundary of proposed ICD Construction site is referred as Direct Impact Area (DIA) because residents and other land users within this area may be directly affected during construction works and during operation phase. This area will have greater chances of impact on peoples‟ daily activities, private land and resources and impacts on physical, biological as well as socio-economic and cultural environment and thus is considered as high impact area.
The area opposite to proposed ICD and the road-side residential houses (in Bhutkhel town) fall under the DIA.The Project premises is adjacent to the right bank of Bagmati River and is also very close to Jal Binayak Temple area, so these areas also fall under the DIA (Table 2- 2).
2.3.2 Indirect Impact Area (IIA) The immediate adjacent area of 1kmfrom the Project boundaries are considered as the Indirect Impact Area (IIA). In this area, physical, biological environment will experience minimal impacts. However, impacts during construction phase are likely in these areas due to various construction activities.
Traffic impacts, as well as impacts (both positive and negative) related to induced development related to the operation of ICD, like shops, mechanical workshops, warehouses, restaurants, hotels etc. which will likely arise to provide services to ICD user, will also be felt in this indirect impact area. These areas can be considered as the moderate impact area. In addition, labor related impacts affect the socio-economic and cultural environment of the project area (Table 2.2).
2.3.3 Zone of Influence (ZoI) Other areas other than DIA and IIA may also come into influence during construction stage which is its Zone of Influence (ZoI).The Zone of Influence (ZoI) of this project consists of surrounding wards (6 wards), municipalities (Kirtipur Municipality) falling within the Project area where the project activities will not have its direct effects and the impacts will be low. ZoI can also be the surrounding road ways and places from where the project required construction materials are transported from. However, the project related impacts shall also be studied in this zone.
Based on the delineated area described above, the ward-wise directly impacted areas and indirectly impacted areas of the project components is presented in the Table 2-2 and Figure 2-2.
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Table 2.2: The Municipality and wards included in the Project Affected Area District Ward Distance Boundary
Municipality No. from site East West North South Kathmandu, 6 100m from Bhutkhel Direct Impact Bagmati Jal Binayak Temple Near HT Line Kirtipur (new) Site Town, 100m Area (DIA) River Area Tower Municipality Boundary from Road [old Way to Dakshinkali, Indirect Kathmandu, 1km from Bhutkhel Manjushree Statue 13, 14 Bagmati 100m from Fruit Impact Area Kirtipur Site Town, Upto Area, Main Road &15] River and Vegetable (IIA) Municipality Boundary Water Park (proposed IEV area) Market Source: Field Study, 2016
Fig. 2.2: Areas included in the Project Affected Area
2.3.4 Additional Area for Accommodation and Office In addition to the main ICD Complex, the proponent will also construct a Staff Accommodation Complex, and NITDB Office Complex, at the areas shown in the Map, in the land owned by the NITDB. A detailed design of the complexes, and its bidding packages are also prepared.
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2.4 OBJECTIVE OF EIA
The main objective of an EIA study is to inform decision makers and stakeholders about the potential impacts of the Project and to propose mitigation measures for avoiding and minimizing adverse impacts to acceptable level, so that the Project is implemented in socially acceptable and environmentally sound manner.
In specific terms, the objectives of the EIA of this Project are as follows: To identify and document the existing physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural baseline conditions in the Project Affected Areas. To analyze and determine the potential positive and adverse impacts of the Project in terms of both direct and indirect impacts, including definition of their extent in the context of areas affected, and whether the impacts are temporary or permanent. To formulate and propose practical mitigation measures for adverse impacts, enhancement measures for positive impacts, and to incorporate necessary safeguards measures in the Project design, the Construction Plan, and the Operation Plan. To outline requirements to minimize risks of environmental damage to the Project or other resource management entities operating in the area. To determine the potentials for improvements to natural resources and environmental management and socio-economic benefits to communities in the Project Area and its surroundings. To informs decision makers and concerned parties about environmental implications of proposed Projects. To develop Environmental Management Action Plan and Monitoring Plans.
2.5 RATIONALITY FOR CONDUCTING EIA
The rationality for conducting EIA is to determine whether the implementation of the Project may result adverse environmental impacts to the local people and its surrounding environment.
This ICD Project consists of entirely new construction works, of all the facilities proposed for the ICD operation. The new construction works of this magnitude is expected to cause environmental impacts in the physical, biological, social and cultural aspects. Thus an EIA level study is necessary to identify and study the extent and magnitudes of the impacts and to suggest necessary mitigation measures.
Legal Rationality
The Government of Nepal‟s, Environmental Protection Rules, 1997 (last amendment 2007/08/02), Schedule 2 (pertaining to Rule 3) has listed Sectors and thresholds for projects that require a full-scale EIA and approval from MoPE, including identification of the impacts and their significance, and the proponent‟s proposal for mitigation and monitoring measures and plans. The list however does not categorically specify ICD Projects. However, in under Schedule 2 (pertaining to Rule 3) Clause L, it states “Operation of any plan, project or programme of any development work physical activity or land use Except the proposals
Page | 10 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Chovar ICD Draft Report mentioned in Clause (A) to Clause (K) and those below the standard of such proposals as well as the proposals below the standards of those mentioned in Schedule -1 with a cost more than Rs. 250 millions.”
The proposed ICD Project have incur investment over Rs. 2 Billion. Thus, under the EPR‟s legal rationality, this ICD Proposal is considered to require a full scale EIA Study, to be conducted and receive approval from, Ministry of Population and Environment (MoPE). The EIA Report is prepared on the basis of approved of Scoping Document and Terms of Reference (ToR).
World Bank Requirement: In addition to the GON‟s legal requirement, the Project is slated for receiving assistance from the World Bank Group for its implementation under the NIRTTP Project. The projects receiving World Bank‟s assistance are required to undergo Environmental clearances. In this regards, a screening assessment was conducted for the ICD Project. The Screening assessment for Environmental Impacts has indicated that the Project falls under Category B:potentiallymoderate impact, which requires IEE or EIA. Similarly, the Screening assessment for Social Impacts has indicated that a short Resettlement Plan is required. And Screeningassessment for IPs & Vulnerable Groups indicates that no IPDP or specific action required.
According to the Screening assessments, the ICD Project is required to undertake an EIA study and to adhere to the requirements of the WB operational policies. The nature of the IDC Project and its location has made the EIA OP 4.01 and Cultural Property OP 4.11, deemed necessary for this Project.
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Chapter 3 METHODOLOGY ADOPTED
In this Chapter, the methodology adopted during the conduction and preparation of this EIA Study Report for the Inland Clearance Depot (ICD) Construction Project is briefly described. The Chapter describes the general method adopted, the details of the Scoping process and field data collection including analysis and Report presentation.
The EIA study has followed the basic steps outlined in EPA/EPR-1997, and National EIA Guidelines-1993. Necessary information was generated through review of technical documents and field works. During field visits, area experts were involved in identifying issues and possible impacts related to the Project activities, by the method of inspection, verifications, observations and discussions with local residents and key informants. Secondary information was collected through published reports and interpretation of maps and photographs. Primary information was generated through questionnaire, checklist, measurement and consultation. Furthermore, local people were contacted and interviewed to solicit information. A number of stakeholders meetings and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) was held in the Project areas.
The principal steps undertaken in the EIA methodology to accomplish the assignment were: Literature review of Relevant Documents and Map Interpretation, Alternative Analysis of possible alternative options, with respect to environmental and social considerations (included in Chapter 7) Public Consultation process which included (Details area attached in Annex V): Public Notice is published in Daily National Newspaper dated in 20 July 2016 (Rajdhani daily) Formal meetings were held in the different places with related stakeholders. Discussion with stakeholder in the agenda of ICD Public Hearing with local residents, information dissemination and feedback received (on 7 Jan 2018, at Chovar, details are presented in Annex V) EIA Scoping Document and ToR preparation and approval (Approved TOR attached in Annex XI) Site inspection and field study to collect primary information on physical, biological, socio-economic, cultural and historical issues, Verification of secondary informationthrough cross-check of data, interview and participatory discussion with local people, Public hearing to disseminate the Project related information including anticipated impacts and proposed mitigation measures and to incorporate the public interest and aspirations into the finalization of the study and project design(Annex V), Compilation of Data, Identification of potential impacts, mitigation measures, EMP, and other Chapters as per EIA requirements for final EIA report.
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3.1 PREPARATORY WORKS FOR EIA CONDUCTION
3.1.1 Desk Study During preparation of EIA report different published literatures (data and information) were reviewed in order to get required information for conduction of this study and report preparation. The following steps were followed during the desk review:
Collection and review of secondary sources of information from various sources including internet or websites, organizational and institutional libraries of different governmental organizations and non-governmental organization. Initial interaction and consultation with the local community and district level stakeholders Delineation of geographical boundary of the influence area on the topographical map Preparation of project specific checklist.
3.1.2 Literature Review Relevant information for the study was collected through extensive review of literature. Relevant documents and reports were collected and reviewed to detail out the nature of the Project and identify the preliminary list of potential environmental impacts. The detail review of “Detailed Design Report, 2017” of proposed Project was done extensively.In conjunction with this report, 1:25,000 topographic maps, geological maps and Google maps of project area were collected and information from Kirtipur Municipality were also collected and reviewed.
After the review of literature and documents, the Study Team delineated the areas, where the Project is expected to have its impacts. Maps were prepared showing potential development areas, natural resources and possible impacts on them from Project activities. Based on this information, a base-map of the Project area was prepared for its use during field surveys.
3.1.3 Review of Relevant Government’s Policies, Laws, Guidelines and Manuals The proposed Project attracts the following policies, laws, guidelines, manuals and standards of Government of Nepal (GoN). Apart from the GoN policies, laws, guidelines and standards, the project will also attract the WB‟s OPs. The relevant national policies, acts, rules and guidelines attracted by the proposed project summarized in Chapter 11 of this Report.
3.1.4 Study Of Maps/Other Maps Topographical maps were analyzed carefully along the road alignment together with field verification by all experts analyzing direct and indirect impact zones in the project area. Similarly, Geological Maps and Satellite Images are also used to study the existing geology of the proposed project are and of road alignment i.e. Balkhu-Dakshinkali Feeder Road. Slope stability is the major concern for the construction of road at the mountainous area. Google Maps including all the aforementioned maps were used to finalize the highway alignment, to identify impacts as well as to analyze the stability.
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Table 3-1: List of Maps Studied SN Map Type Sheet No. Scale 1 Topographical Maps, Department of Survey 2785 05B 1:25,000 2 Geological Map of Part of Kathmandu 1:50,000 3 Satellite Imagery, Google Earth Imagery Source: Field Survey 2016
3.2 PREPARATION OF SCOPING DOCUMENT AND TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR)
The Scoping for the EIA was undertaken in accordance with the EPA/EPR-1997 to determine the scope of the EIA, and to inform stakeholders about the proposed Project and to received their comments on relevant environmental issues and identify priority issues for environmental assessment. Scoping exercise, besides review of Project‟s Detailed Feasibility Report and other Project related literature, included publication of 15 days Public Notice (Annex-VIII), inspections of Project construction site, and discussions with local people, stakeholders and concerned government officials.
The environmental issues of priority concerns in the scoping document were based on the experiences of the consultants on the similar type of Projects incorporating the concern received during formal and informal deliberations with local people and other concerned stakeholders.
The issues and possible impacts identified in the Scoping Document were categorically tabulated as Issues identified and prioritized for EIA Study and were incorporated in the Terms of Reference (ToR). The ToR was prepared by including these potential issues, as per the Schedule-4 of EPR pertaining to Rule-4 and Rule-5 (attached in Annex XI). The main EIA study was focused on the detailed analysis of the environmental issues identified in the approved SD and ToR.The Scoping Document and Terms of Reference (ToR) was approved by MoPE, after its formal review, dated on 09 July, 2017 (2074/03/25).
3.3 CONDUCTION OF FIELD DATA COLLECTION FOR EIA STUDY
3.3.1 Site Inspection and Field Study After the approval of Scoping Document and ToR, field studies were conducted in the Project site areas in an extensive manner. A study team‟s professionals visited and collected the overall basic information regarding the Project site area and site-specific information. The data collection and field study was carried out in the months of July till September 2017.
3.3.2 Field Study and Collection of Baseline Data The detail field study was conducted to generate information on physical and biological resources and social status. Information on major flora and fauna species was collected though walk over survey and interacting with the local people. The study team also discussed with the officials of the district organization, local bodies, and district forest office and personnel to verify the information and collected their concerns and opinions. The brief description on the Field Study methods is given hereunder.
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During conduction of the EIA study the baseline information about the project site was collected including the Physical, Biological, Socio-economic and Cultural Environment. The detailed descriptions for collection of required information on these aspects are mentioned in the following sections.
Physical Environment Survey Field observation and walk-through survey was adopted to verify information. The physical factors have direct impact on the construction and operation of the project to the project site. Prior to the implementation of projects it is essential to collect and analyze different data pertaining to hydrology, weathers data. The required data from physical aspects includes; Topographical data, climatic data, meteorological data (temperature and precipitation), geological, land use pattern, water, air and noise quality, solid waste management system/ spoil disposal, workcamp and laborcamp other information concerning physical resources of the project area was collected. All these data and other relevant information are collected from available topographical map, aerial photographs and site observation consultation with local communities of the project site. Similarly, baseline data for air, water, wind,and noise quality were also measured and recorded (attached in Annex II C-E) with the following outlined method of survey.
Method of Survey of SO2 and NO2,PM10 and PM 2.5 for Air Quality Parameter Method of Measurement
SO2 West-Gaeke Method, (ASTM-D 2914-91)
NO2 Griess-Saltzman Reaction Method, (ASTM-D 3608-91) PM10& PM 2.5 Gravimetric (LVAS), JIS Z 8814 (1981) method Method of Survey for Bagmati River Water Quality Parameter Method of Measurement TSS Oven Drying, 2540 D APHA
Nitrate-N UV Spectrophotometic Screening 4500-NO3-B, APHA Ammonia-N Direct Nesslerrization, 4500-OC, APHA
Phosphorous as PO4-P Ascorbic Acid, 4500-PE, APHA Dissolved Oxygen Winker Azide Modification (Dilution &Seeding), 4500-o C, APHA COD Ptassium Dichromate Reflux 5220 B, APHA BOD Winker Azide Modification (Dilution &Seeding), 5210 B PAHA E.Coli Count Multiple Tube Fermentation, 9221 E, APHA Method of Survey for Ground Water Quality Parameter Method of Measurement Temperature Thermometer pH at 24 oC Electomeric, 4500-H B, APHA Electrical Conductivity ConductivityMeter, 2510B, APHA Turbidity Nephelomettic, 2130 B APHA
Total Hardness as CaCO3 EDTA Titrinetric, 2340 C, APHA Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 Titrinetric, 2320 C, APHA Chloride Argentometic Titrinetric, 4500 Cl B, APHA
Ammonia Direct Nesslerization, 4500-NH C3, APHA
Nitrate UV Spectrophotometic Screening, 4500- NO3 B, APHA
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Parameter Method of Measurement Total Phosphate Ascorbic Acid, 4500-P E, APHA Iron Direct Air- Acetylene AAS, 3111 B, APHA Method of Survey of Noise Pollution Parameter Method of Measurement NoisePollution Digital Sound Level Meter Wind Flow Direction Digital Anemometer, Compass
Biological Environment Survey During the biological survey, observational visit to forests within the Project area, were carried out and interaction meetings with key persons were carried out. During the observational visit, entire treeswithin the proposed sitewere enumerated and information on biological environment and management issues of community forests user groups and their public concerns were acquired. The officials of Jal Binayak Community Forest Users‟ Groups, local concerned committee, representatives of political party representatives were consulted. The participants were informed about the project activities and potential impacts and mitigating efforts of the project. Further, environmental sensitivity, environmental development efforts and concerns of the area had also been discussed with the participants.
General information on the state of community forest, forest tree, shrub/herbs and other species of different values available in the community forests were acquired. Information about number of community of forests, types of species, existing condition of community forest were also collected during the meetings (attached in Annex III). Enquiry was also made on wildlife species, aquatic species and barren land available in community forests for likely requirement of compensatory re-plantation.
In case of aquatic species, Bagmati River being heavily polluted, aquatic biodiversity is not present in the Bagmati River and thus its study was not conducted. Similarly, aquatic life in other small streams around the project area is found to be rare.
Socio-economic and Cultural Survey Information on socio-economic and cultural features of the Project area (of immediate vicinity of Bhutkhel settlement, Ward No. 6) including population, ethnicity, occupation status, education level has collected through field visit and duly compiled.Similarly, description of Kirtipur area‟s settlement pattern, religion, cultural and religious sites, sources of energy and energy consumption, social infrastructures, market centers, etc. were collected and described.
The secondary information of Kirtipur Municipality was collected by reviewing different published literatures, information, particularly the CBS data. The Jal Binayak Temple is in immediate vicinity of the Project area, so its cultural aspects were also studied.
During the field visit different issues regarding social and environment and its possible positive and negative impacts were collected from the local level stakeholders.
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3.3.3 Conduction of Consultation, Interactions Meeting and Public Hearing During the field study, study team contacted the local people to solicit their concerns and opinions on physical, biological, socio-economic, cultural and historical aspects. The public input have been documented in this Report. Brief report on the interaction meetings are given in Annex V.
a) Interaction Meetings Various level of different formal informal interaction meeting, Stakeholder Consultation was held in the project area regarding the project during this scoping process. Local institutions which are also played vital role as local stakeholders. The involved participants were; Jal Binayak Community Forest User Group, Jal Binayak Kshetra Bikas Kendra and Kirtipur Municipality Ward No. 6. Local individuals are also participated in the meeting significantly.
Summary of Public Consultations Conducted are summarized in the Table 3.1 below:
Table 3.1 Summary of Public Consultations Conducted Type of Nos. of Date Purpose of Consultation Discussion Participants Informal 1 March 2016 Project Information Dissemination 4 Discussions Formal Project Introduction and Basic issues raised by the 31 March 2016 32 Discussion Local stakeholders Informal 22 April 2016 Obstacle about Topographic Survey in the field 5 Discussions Informal Assessment of the residing people at the Quarter 02 June 2016 8 Discussions area & missing cases of pervious compensation Focus Group 18 June 2016 Identify issues and concerns of the local people 8 Discussion Key person Remaining Compensation issue, Scoping Notice, 19 July 2016 9 discussion Feedback/suggestion
3 20 July 2016 Public Notice (Rajdhani daily) 3.1.1 Cadastral Survey to delineate boundary of acquired Informal land, 27 July 2016 9 Discussions Topographic Survey of the project area
Formal Feedback and suggestion from Jal Binayak Community 21 April 2017 21 Discussions Forest User group.
Formal Project Information for Newly elected Mayor, Deputy 24 July 2017 16 Discussions Mayor and ward representative
Consultation Meeting between Kirtipur Municipality, Formal 05 Aug 2017 NITDB and EIA Study Team from FBC, issues discussion, 25 Discussions raised by the Local stakeholders
Public Hearing Dissemination of ICD Proposal, EMP and Local Area 07 Jan 2018 40 Meeting Development Plan, with Local residents, Kirtipur
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Type of Nos. of Date Purpose of Consultation Discussion Participants Municipality, Ward Office, NITDB and EIA Study Team. Issues, discussion, raised by the Local stakeholders were responded
The details of the meetings conducted are included in Annex V.
b) Focus Group Discussion A Focus Group Discussion was carried out at Chovar on June 18, 2016, to understand the existing socio-economic and cultural situation and identify issues and concerns of the local people about the project. During discussion, people‟s understanding of the Project‟s suitability, short-term, long-term impacts and benefits were discussed. Altogether 32 people were presented in the discussion.These individuals were chosen on the basis of effective institution working who were nearby settlements.
c) Public Hearing Meeting A Public Hearing program was conducted at the Project site on 07 Jan. 2018 (23 Poush 2074). The objective of the meeting was to disseminate the information included in the draft EIA Report and inform about the Project‟s status. The EIA Report was presented with a short description of the environmental impacts, both beneficial and adverse, and the mitigation measures, their monitoring and the associated cost were also explained. The representatives from the NITDB, as the proponent agency, were also present in the meeting, to interact with the local people.
The participating people welcomed the Project‟s activities, and expressed happiness in the Project‟s proposal to include plans and budget for social enhancement and local area development of Jal Binayak Temple Area.
The main concerned of the people was regarding formal settlement of some outstanding issues related to lands by the government side. The proponent expressed that the issues will be settled in alegally acceptable manner with the local representatives, prior to project implementation and duly notified to all the stakeholders.
The details of the meetings are summarized in Annex V.
3.4 PREPARATION OF EIA DOCUMENT
3.4.1 Compilation of Baseline Information, Impact Identification, Prediction and Evaluation Based on the primary and secondary information, the baseline information related to the issues as indicated in EIA report were complied and are presented in Chapter 5 and Annex 2, 3 & 4 of this EIA study report. The possible environmental impacts were identified considering proposed Project activities and its interaction with surrounding environment in time and space and accordingly the impacts were evaluated and presented in Chapter 6 in accordance to Schedule 6 of EPR, 1997.
Evaluation of Impacts
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The impacts are broadly categorized in two categories – identified impacts and predicted impacts. In general, direct impacts are identified and indirect impacts are predicted. These identified and predicted impacts have been evaluated to know their environmental significance, taking into consideration of: Magnitude, Extent and Duration.
The environmental impacts are ranked either High, Medium or low Magnitude in the basis of judgmental evaluation of the impact vis-à-vis the nature and size of the Project. Similarly, the impacts is categorized into Long-term, Medium-Term and Short-term according to the impact‟s likely lasting duration due to the operation of the Project.
Magnitude of Impact: The magnitude of impact is determined on the basis of each potential impact‟s severity. It also indicates whether or not the impact is reversible. Parameters are summarized below.
The magnitude of impact is considered to be serious of a major adverse impact cannot be mitigated. High/Major A major adverse impact would affect the potential subsistence, recreational Magnitude and commercial use of biophysical resources, with the result that the value of resource would be reduced far below publicity acceptable level. Medium Moderate to minor unmitigated impacts of a similar nature would make the Magnitude resources still usable but at some inconvenience to the public. Low Minor impacts which could be mitigated through general mitigation measures Magnitude that do not have significant impact on local environment.
Extent of Impact: The spatial extent or the zone of influence of the impact should always be determined. The extent of an impact may be confined to the Project site or area. Parameters are summarized below. If the resources are affected at nation scale, it is known as a national National impact. An impact area considered to be of regional level if it extends beyond the Regional Direct Impact Area to a larger region If the impact of the proposed Project is limited to the Direct Impact Area Local alone, it is called a local impact. If the impact is confined to the Project site alone, it is a site-specific Site Specific impact.
Duration of Impact: As environmental impacts have a temporal dimension, they should be discovered through an environmental impact assessment. Impacts arising at different phases of the Project cycle need to be appropriately considered. The types of impact produced during different phases of construction of a Project are generally of temporary nature. Parameters are summarized below. Long Term An impact that lasts beyond 20 years is considered to be long term An impact that continues for more than 3 years but less than 20 years Medium Term may be considered as medium term Short-Term An impact that lasts for only 3 years after Project initiation may be
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classified as short term
The allocation of scores for the Magnitude (High, Medium & Low), Extent (Regional, Local & Site-specific) and Duration (Long-term, Medium-term & Short-term) for each impact is done as per the National EIA Guidelines, 1993, which recommends the following scoring values.
Magnitude : High/Major = 60 Medium = 20 Low = 10 Extent : National/Regional = 60 Local = 20 Site Specific = 10 Duration : Long-Term = 20 Medium-Term = 10 Short-Term = 5
According to this Guideline, the total scores of impacts of over 75 is considered Very Significant; impacts having 50 to 75 are considered Significant; and impacts having total scores of less than 50 are considered Insignificant for this Project. However, some of the impacts whose total score exceeds 50 may not be significant in view of the nature of the predicted impacts. Some impacts having less than 50 score could also be considered significant. For example, impacts likely to occur outside the Project‟s core area and of indirect nature may not be significant although the total score exceeds 50. The impacts evaluation is done based on the above scoring method and given under the heading of “Evaluation of Significance of Potential Impacts” given for each identified potential impacts, in Chapter 6 of this Report.
3.4.2 Prescription of Mitigation and Enhancement Measures, Monitoring and Auditing The mitigation and enhancement measures were proposed in order to ameliorate the beneficial impacts and avoid or mitigate the adverse impacts considering the identified impacts, their nature, extent and complexity, identified during the EIA exercise. While recommending the mitigation option, a realistic approach was applied such that the measures could be employed in the local context, and discussed in Chapter 8.
Monitoring plan is formulated to assess the effectiveness and implementation status of mitigation and benefit augmentation measures. Auditing plan was also designed to verify the past and current environmental performance and given in Chapter 10.
3.4.3 Preparation of Environment Management Plan Environment Management Plan (EMP) was prepared to ensure and evaluate the effectiveness of each of the mitigation and enhancement measures adopted to minimize the environmental impacts and to ameliorate the overall environmental conditions within the region of influence. The basic objectives of EMP are that it clearly spells out the environmental concerns of the Project and prescribes a systematic environmental management system to be followed to attain the environmental improvements in and around the Project vicinity. The associated costs for adopting mitigation measures and enhancement measures were also estimated and given in Chapter 9.
3.4.4 Alternative Analysis A Chapter on the possible alternative options to the Project‟s design and its components was identified and discussed in Chapter 7.
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3.5 STUDY LIMITATIONS
This EIA study has followed the basic concept of EIA as to make the EIA report site-specific, to the extent possible. This study limits primary information along the project area for physical, biological and socio-economic and cultural information. The information related to Indirect Impact Zones were based on secondary information. Furthermore, the limitations of the socio-economic Household Survey, encountered during the survey were:
The socio-economic household survey could not cover all affected households as the people could not be contacted during survey period, and these remaining people need to be contacted prior to Project implementation.
The delineation of the boundaries of land to be acquired, obtained through overlaying the design on cadastral map, needs to be re-verified prior to Project implementation.
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Chapter 4 DETAILS OF THE PROJECT
4.1 DETAIL DESIGN OF ICD
4.1.1 Proposed Project Components Summary Based on the Detailed Topographical Survey and on confirmation of the boundaries for the proposed ICD area, it is identified that, the total area of proposed ICD is 11.77 Ha. Various facilities in the Master plan have been proposed based on the traffic assessment and some general assumptions as indicated here under:
Table 4.1: Infrastructural Components of ICD Master Plans SN Items EXIM AREA DOMESTIC AREA 116 TEU in 4 layers and 12 refer 86Trucks Container Ground 1 points zone Fixed trucks adequate for year slots 20‟ Ground slots provided in layout 2031 2600 Sq. m. 3900 Sq. m., 2 Ware House areas 40% of total inward traffic 20% of total inward traffic and adequate for year 2025 only Stuffing and De- 1600 Sq. m. 1200 Sq. m. 3 stuffing area Open Inspection 3200 Sq. m. 4 Area 70 Trucks inside Exim Area 130 Trucks 5 Truck Parking 130 Nos. (in future)truck parking on the other side of F022 G+2 Structure with Plinth area of G+2 Structure with plinth area 6 Administrative block 1015 Sq.m. and total floor area of of 305 Sq. m. ant total floor area 2420 Sq.m of 915 Sq. m G+1 Structure with Plinth area of 7 Quarantine Block 432 Sq.m. and total floor area of 864 Sq.m. 8 Driver Rest Room 150 Sq.m. 9 Inspection Platform 400 Sq.m Reach Stacker 300 Sq.m. 10 Shed Custom Inspector‟s 30 Sq.m, 2 nos. each of 15 Sq. m. 11 shed 12 Weigh bridge 2 Nos. 1 Nos. Accommodation for 400 Sq. m., 30 no. Police force is 13 Security Personnel proposed 14 Toilet 108 Sq.m, 3 Nos. (5.5X6.5)m 108 Sq.m. Electric sub- station 380 Sq. m 15 and LT panel room Trash Disposal 60 Sq.m. 16 Shed Source: Detail Design Report, 2017
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Master Plan for Chovar ICD
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4.1.2 Detail Plan ofICD This layout is planned in such a way that the entire area is divided in to two parts (Exim Part and Domestic Part) duly splitting by cross retaining walls at centre of ICD area. Entry/Exit gates are planned separately for Exim and Domestic areas. The Northern part (near to Jal Binayak Temple) is considered for Domestic Cargo, and Southern part considered for Exim Cargo. Master Plans also include the environment and social perspective in which environment is maintained in a healthy way. Environmental issues that has been identified and prioritized has been described and categorized.
The ground slots planned for Exim and Domestic area are 116 TEUs and 86 Truck parking respectively which is in the ratio of 55% and 45%. Necessary Common facilities have been planned in between the Domestic and Exim areas.
Annexed to this main ICD complex, there are two locations, out side the ICD complex, where at one location, the NITDB Office is proposed and at another location, the residential quarters for the NITDB Office staff is proposed.
4.2 OVERALL FACILITIES PLANNED FORICD
4.2.1 Facilities Provided inside ICD The ICD complex is planned with various components/facilities categorized as under: a) Dedicated Facilities in Exim Area b) Dedicated Facilities in Domestic Area
The details of facilities are mentioned here under: Dedicated Facilities in Exim Area a) PEB Ware Houses d) Open Inspection yard b) Stuffing and De-stuffing area e) Reefer points c) Container Stacking area f) Workers Rest Room
Dedicated Facilities in Domestic Area a) PEB Ware Houses d) Workers Rest Room b) Stuffing and De-stuffing area e) Canteen Block c) Open Truck Parking
Common Facilities a) Boundary wall & Gate complex h) Ground Level Reservoir, Pump House b) Administrative Building & Fire Fighting System c) Canteen Block i) Water supply & Drainage system d) Static Weigh Bridge j) Sewage Treatment Plant e) PCC Block pavement k) Illumination System & Circulation Area f) Electrical Sub Station & LT Panel l) Security & Surveillance System Room m) Greenery/ Landscaping g) Parking Area
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Annex Facilities a) Officers Accommodation b) NITDB Office
4.2.2 Facilities within Jal Binayak Area Improvement Plan The facilities planned in Jal Binayak Temple Area, as its improvement plan, is summaried hereunder. The details of the Plan is included in Annex. Components of Jal Binayak Temple Area Improvement Plan S. N. Particulars Qty. Remarks 1 Pedestrian Crossing Bridge 1 no. 20 m Span x 2 m width Black Topping of Chovar – Jal 2 Binayak with Intersection 220 m 7m width with Footpath Improvement Parking Area Development 3 600 m2 Near Temple (Small Vehicles) Along Road, Temple, 4 Solar Street Lighting 50 nos. Cremation Site Stream Bank Protection 5 460 m Gabion wall Structure 6 Road to Cremation Site 230 m Along Stream 7 Walkway Improvement 100 m
8 Toilet Construction 1 no. For Temple visitors
4.2.3 Description of the Facilities Provided in ICD 1. WARE HOUSE To accommodate the required capacity a minimum area of 1300 Sq.m.per unit of Ware house area is provided in both Exim and Domestic Areas. Necessary circulation area including future requirement also been considered during fixing of PEB size. A platform of 3.0 m is considered on one side of the ware house. Sufficient numbers of Rolling Shutters, Dock levelers and Ramps are considered. Sufficient emergency doors are on rear side of the ware house. The size of the ware house is proposed as 54m x 24m. Two numbers of ware houses are located in Exim area, and three numbers of ware houses are located in Domestic area.
The eve height of the ware house is kept as 7.5m. The roof sheeting and wall cladding has to be proposed with trapezoidal profiled color coated aluminum/zinc alloy steel of 0.6mm TCT. The sky lighting panels has to be proposed for 5% of roof area. A 2.5m height masonry wall has proposed all-round the ware house and over which cladding is proposed for remaining height. 4 High Racking systems is considered to accommodate 2500 MT of cargo.
2. STUFFING AND DE-STUFFING AREA The stuffing and de-stuffing area is proposed beside ware house. This area is proposed as covered with shed. The area is paved with M-50 Paver Blocks. Sufficient separate space for stuffing and de-stuffing with necessary circulation area for Fork Lift movement has been considered.
There are one shed in Exim area and three sheds in Domestic area.
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3. CONTAINER STACKING AREA, CIRCULATION AREA AND OTHER FACILITIES Container Stacking Yard M-50 Grade Paver Block of 100mm thickness is designed for stacking of loaded/empty containers. The entire area of paving has to be proposed with uniform cross section for better execution. The pavement design was done for the loaded containers in 3 to 4 stacks and for the loads exerted by Reach stackers based on the Geo-Technical investigations and recommendations. For proper drainage, cross slope profile has to be provided based on the site conditions and drainage outlets.
Circulation Area The common vehicle movement area apart from Exim and Domestic areas is known as common circulation area. Sufficient circulation area is proposed inside the ICD. The main internal truck road is proposed with 7.5 to 18 m width. The Internal circulation road between the container stacks has been proposed as 15m wide. This is to cater the required width of the Container reach stacker during stacking of 3 to 4 high containers and to suffice the turning radius of reach stackers. The movement of reach stackers also envisaged in this circulation area. 20m wide circulation area is proposed in front of the proposed Ware houses to have easy ply of trucks during docking of trucks from Ware house or direct loading into trucks by reach stackers. This area can also be utilised as stuffing/ de-stuffing in case of peak demand.
For all utility buildings, admin building and ware houses required circulation area provision has been made. Further, 6m wide circulation road is proposed behind the Ware House to have easy access during exigencies. As the reach stacker also ply over this area, pavement in this area was also designed similar to container stacking yard standard.
4. OPEN CARGO STORAGE YARD An open Inspection yard situated for green Channel Container.
5. REEFER POINT ZONE The temperature control containers, will have the provision for container charging through the reefer points.
6. WORKERS REST ROOM A separate workers rest room is proposed in the Exim area for the workers, who operate the fork lifters, cranes, reach stacker, and working labour in ware houses etc., in the proposed workers rest room the workers will refresh during leisure time. Required toilets have to be proposed adjacent to the workers rest rooms.
7. OTHER BLOCKS In quarantine building, a canteen block is designed for staffs and visitors in the Exim area. The minimum plinth area of 100 Sq. m. is provided.
8. ADMINISTRATIVE BLOCKs To facilitate different official working in ICD, administrative block has been designed.A main admin block with 90 to 100 staffscapacity with an area of 2700 sq. m. is designed near Gate 3 or Exim entry/exit side.
A domestic admin block of 300 sq.m. is designed near Gate 1 of Domestic entry / exit.
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9. NITDB OFFICE BLOCK(Outside ICD Boundary) One separate office block for NITDB Office has been planned in an area of 1180 sq. m. which is located outside the main ICD complex, in the way to Adinath Temple.
10. RESIDENTIAL ACCOMMODATION (Outside ICD Boundary) Four blocks of residential accommodation is designed, outside the main ICD complex, towards the western end of the Project‟s land area.
11. OTHER FACILITIES Boundary Wall The total length of the periphery boundary wall is 1300m. The boundary wall will be minimum 3.0 min height and Concertina coil has been designed throughout the wall. For the purpose of containment of sound, a 2m high sound barrier is designed, above the boundary wall, opposite of Bhutkhel settlement area and towards the Jal Binayak Temple area.
Greenery/Landscaping In view of the proposed site is having adequate greenery in and around, 6% area of the total project area for greenery has been proposed.
Internal Roads and Circulation Area A periphery road is proposed along the boundary to have connectivity with all the components of ICD and to have quick access. This internal periphery road is useful in exigency and emergency times, which facilitates to access the structures in all directions.Based on the type of vehicles proposed for ply on this road and to have less maintenance of the Roads, Cement concrete Road has been designed. The length of the periphery road is 1050m. The carriage way width of the periphery road is of 7.5 m width.
Static Weigh Bridge Static Weigh Bridges of capacity 100MT are installed at two Entry/Exit gates. The inward and outward container trailers/Trucks weight shall be recorded in these Weigh Bridges. The static weigh bridge is connected with the control room of size 3m x 3m. A CC surveillance camera is provisioned for capturing the vehicles passing over the Static weigh Bridge.
Electrical Sub Station and LT Panel Room To have illumination and electrification to the buildings proposed in ICD, an Electrical Substation is designed. From the substation the external power cable is connected to the Main Panel Board. Electrical Substation of 33/11 KV is also installed inside the ICD.
Vehicle Parking Area Parking place for office vehicles near Admin block is designed to accommodate 30 cars and for sufficient number of two wheelers.
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Fire Fighting System, Ground Level Reservoir and Pump House Fire Fighting System Fire ring main with Hydrants system is designed on periphery of the boundary at every 30 m interval. Sufficient fire monitors and hydrants is installed in open cargo storage yard, Container stacking yard, truck parking area etc. Sprinkler arrangements is installed inside the Ware house, Admin Block etc.
Hydrant System One Hydrant for every 45 m is installed around ware houses. Storage of material in the open area is protected by segregating Non-hazardous Storage and other storage. In view of this, Single Headed Hydrants are provided at every 30 m in open Area and Double Headed Hydrant is provided at Hazardous area, Hazardous Godown and near Ware house openings.
Sprinkler System The water supply, pumping capacity and other features of the sprinkler installation is provided adequately considering fire growth and spreading potentialities along with the size of the risk.A fire sprinkler system consists of a water supply system of 65 kiloliter, providing adequate pressure and flow rate to a water distribution piping system, onto which fire sprinklers are connected.
Fire Water Storage Tank The capacity of the storage tank is 150 kiloliter in which 75 kiloliter of water is treated and 65 kiloliter is for raw water, this will have to cater the requirement of hydrants proposed in open area, in buildings and to suffice the requirement of sprinkling system inside the ware houses, admin block etc.
Strong Fire Fighting system is provided with automatic fire alert system to have security against Fire.
F. FIRE PROTECTION INSTALLATION The fire protection system for this Complex is to be designed as per the code provisions. The following provisions are being proposed for individual buildings and for the Complex which it is expected would provide a reasonable degree of protection from fire hazards and at the same time satisfy the local fire authorities. Proposed System: As per National Building Code the following provisions are required in the building:
i) Underground static storage of 150,000 liters ii) Wet risers with hose reels at each floor including terrace. iii) Electric Fire Pumps with diesel pump as standby iv) Portable fire extinguishers on all levels at lift lobby. v) Manual call alarm system vi) Fire safety in building design and construction (to be taken care by the Architect) vii) Means of Egress (to be taken care by the Architect) viii) Good Housekeeping & Maintenance and training of staff (to be taken care of by the Management)
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Static Storage of Water for Fire Fighting Purposes A static storage of 150,000 liters for firefighting is proposed in the underground reservoir. In addition to this, a static storage of 20,000 liters is also proposed on the terrace of each building as described earlier.
Hydrant System Hydrant system is provided at each building outside with outside fire hydrant and also on the periphery of the premises (Yard hydrants). The water supply to hydrants would be by means of wet riser piping system connected to the static storage in the underground reservoir through a set of automatic pumps installed in the pump room. The system is also fitted with inlet connection (fire brigade breaching inlet) at ground level for charging with water by pumping from the fire service appliances and an air release valve at roof level to release trapped air. The hydrant system on each floor would comprise of a single headed landing valve, 2 nos. 15M long 63 mm diameter RRL hose pipes one cast brass nozzle and one no. 30 M long 20 mm diameter emergency hose reel all housed in a specially designed cabinet called Fire Hose Cabinet with glazed front panel. The yard hydrants will also comprise of same components in a weather proof cabinet except the emergency hose reel.
Illumination System Generally, ICD will be in operation through the day and night, hence, to facilitate night working sufficient illumination is provided.For Ware houses and Bulk Storageareas - 100 Lux/Lumines is provided.For open area minimum of 300 Lux/Lumines is provided to have good visibility while handling the containers during night time. For proper illumination, high mast lights of 16mare designed at different locations in the ICD.
Security and Surveillance System Necessary CC cameras is provided at various locations inside the ICD namely, Entry/Exit gates, Weigh Bridge location, Admin Building, PEB Ware Houses, Stuffing and de-stuffing area etc., for security purpose. Sufficient watch towers are also provided at corners of the peripheral Boundary.Dome/PTZ cameras are provided at different locations to monitor the activities inside the ICD. The PTZ cameras will able to rotate 360 degrees which can capture all the activities inside the ICD. A separate Room for this surveillance system has to be proposed inside the Admin Block.
Security Gate Complex Security Gate complexes are proposed at all the Entry/Exit gates. Generally all documents will be checked at security gate complex and physical examination of the container and one time lock of the Container will be checked for both in-coming/outgoing containers.
Radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag will be attached to the inward container during entry for easy Tracking at stacking area and identification for immediate dispatch.A Security barrack of plinth area 200Sq.m is proposed adjacent to all 3 gates.
Data & Computer system, Telephone & public addressing system All systems in the Admin Block, PEB Ware House, Weigh Bridge Control Room and Security gate complexes are inter connected with the server and Public addressing system is installed. Telecom facility is installed at different locations and all are inter connected.
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Sufficient CAT6 cables have been considered for network connections. A separate server room is provided in the admin block.
A. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM Electric Load Requirement and Source of Power Supply Besides power requirements for the offices buildings and quarter building, the electric load is required to operate the other services like refer-points, water supply pumps, garden lighting, Tube well, Water treatment plant, Firefighting and low current system etc. Besides NEA power there will be back-up provision with solar and required capacity of generator. NEA 11000/400 Volt 3 phase supply from its grid system by keeping NEA Meter on primary side panel.
External Lighting Roads, paths, parking lots and open green is provided with suitable types and nos. of fittings with the two fold objective of providing the desired illumination levels in these areas and enriching the aesthetic appearance of the Complex at night.
It has proposed to provide suitable street light luminaries on 3M to 11 m high poles on the peripheral road and Bollard light of 1m height for landscaped areas. Energy efficient LED lamps is used for external lighting.
Telecommunication/Data /Internet Each building is provided with telephone/Data/Internet cable from the main tag block of premises, which terminates in each building separate Telephone JB and data JB. All telephone/data outlets shall be wired with four pair Cat-6 telephone cable up to this tag block.
Cable T.V. System Cable TV system is provided for the building for public waiting area. The source for the TV is taken from local TV system provider. In each floor TV splitter have to installed and from this splitter separate co-axial RG-6 cable have run up to each TV point separate through conduit.
Public Address System As a building related with public, the public address system is considered and designed accordingly. Public related building have speaker for getting announcement in emergency case and for public allowance.
CCTV System As a building related with people especially for crime type, the security system have been considered during design. For public related room activity and Lock-up room activity the CCTV have been installed on that location and it is monitoring from first floor communication room where 24 hour operator will see the activity. The system can access from any place where network is available.
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B. WATER SUPPLYAND SANITATION
Water Requirement Estimation The estimated water requirement for the whole ICD complex is as follows: Description Population Daily Water Req. per person Total Water Req. All Blocks 600 105 LPD 63,000 LPD
Source of Water Supply At present there is no provision of municipal water supply. The entire water supply requirements are to be met with captive water sources. A deep tube well is proposed, which would give sufficient water to meet the domestic as well as non-domestic demands of the Complex including for firefighting purpose. The deep tube well will meet the entire domestic water requirement of the Complex, which is 63 KLD.
However, efforts has been made to reduce the water consumption (i) by installing water saving fixtures and faucets, (ii) by installing level monitoring and controlling devices in the water reservoirs.
To reduce exploitation of underground water reserves, it is provisioned to treat the domestic sewage and reuse the treated effluent for: a) Landscape Irrigation b) Flushing of Toilets
Water Storage Underground Storage Water supply from deep tube well is collected in an underground storage reservoir for buildings. Underground storage of water is also required as reserve for firefighting purposes. It is proposed to provide 150,000 liters of static storage for firefighting, all the times. The total capacity of the underground reservoir is: for Fire Reserve, 150 Cum. and Domestic Storage, 32 Cum.
Overhead Storage Overhead storage tanks are proposed to be placed on the terrace of buildings. As per the local by laws storage capacity of 70 / person is to be provided in the overhead reservoirs. Hence, the overhead storage required for domestic use is 25,200 liters and static storage for fire fighting is 20,000 liters.
Pump House A pump house of 75 Sq.m. has been designed over the Ground level reservoir. The provision is made for 2 Electrical Pumps (one for external Hydrant system & one for inside ware house sprinkler system), 2 DG pumps and 1 Jockey pump.
D. WASTE WATER COLLECTION, CONVEYANCE & DISPOSAL Collection It is proposed to have a conventional two pipe system for the above ground drainage i.e. one pipe for soil water generated from WCs, Urinals etc. and another pipe for waste water
Page | 32 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Chovar ICD Draft Report generated from baths, washbasins, sinks etc. Soil pipe is ventilated at every level by means of an anti syphonage pipe. The arrangement allows circulation of air within pipe work to protect trap seals from syphonage and backflow. Alternatively, an oversized soil stack can be provided to prevent syphonage.
Conveyance and Disposal The soil and waste water thus discharged into the buildings drain is to be further carried away by a network of sewer lines in the Complex. The ultimate disposal would be in the nearest drainage system
Sewage Treatment Plant Sufficient capacity of the Sewage treatment plant is provided inside the ICD, all the surface runoff over the pavement passes through the drains. Sufficient ground water recharge pits are located adjacent to drain to recharge the ground water table.
In the sewage treatment plant the waste water collected from container repairing/ truck repairing area and waste water generated from Canteen and Admin Building and toilet urinal will be treated. There are altogether six toilet for labour outside the building. The drainage system is also connected to the Sewage treatment plant which treats mainly grey-water that gets collected in septic tank and Surface runoff with installment of sedimentation tank in order to separation for oil / grease and for sedimentation of solids.The treated Grey-water will be utilized for washing, cleaning apparatus and greenery and excess water will be disposed to Bagmati River. By seeing the treatment level, we can utilize the water even for Fire Fighting Purpose
Capacity of Sewage Treatment Plant Consumption of water for domestic use = 63,000 L Normally, 80-85% of water consumed for domestic use finds its way into the sewer. Hence, the quantity of consumed water reaching the STP = 63,000x0.80=50,400L (Approximate 50 KLD). It is proposed to install an STP of 50 KLD Capacity based on aerobic biological technique.
Storm Water Collection, Conveyance and Disposal The terrace and balconies of the buildings are proposed to be drained by means of down take pipes while open areas and roads would be drained into a combination of pipe drains and rectangular section masonry drains, covered with removable or partially removable slotted precast covers, these drains are proposed to be aligned along the roads within the Complex.
The down take pipes from terraces and balconies would discharge into or over an inlet to the surface drains of the Complex.
4.3 CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ICD CONSTRUCTION
Wide range of construction material will be required for the development of Chovar ICD Project. The voluminous construction materials required are, filling material to level the
Page | 33 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Chovar ICD Draft Report ground, aggregates for concrete work and bricks and block stones for the construction of different types of walls, etc.
These construction materials are envisaged to be procured from the local market. Since the project area is adjacent to the Kathmandu city area possibility of opening quarry sites in the vicinity of project area is not envisaged to be feasible. Whatever is required should be selected from the market with due consideration of quality control procedures.
Kathmandu is a huge market for construction materials of various qualities. The supply of the construction material in the Kathmandu Valley is being done mainly from outside the valley, such as Khani Khola (approx. 11 km), Mahadev Besi (approx. 23 km).
Different lab test were done to the material which comes from the quarry sites and it will not use until it satisfy the standard value given by text book of standard specification.One has to select the required quality of construction material after proper laboratory testing.
This is ensured that raw materials (filling, material, stone, sand, aggregates, and bricks) are sourced from quarries/suppliers from those who have government approvals and environmental clearance.
The requirements of construction material, construction equipment, and general methods of construction for the ICD facility are briefly given hereunder:
1. Major Construction Material
The list of major materials and its procurement condition is summarized in Table below.
Table 4.2: List of Major Construction Materials Major Construction Quantity No. Material Estimated 1 Cement 7,500 MT 2 Reinforced Bars 850 MT 3 Steel Material 250MT 4 Aggregate 17,600 m3 5 Sand 9,000 m3 6 Formworks Material 200 Sq. M. 7 Scaffolding/ Supporting 500MT 8 Concrete Pipes 200M 9 Bitumen 350MT
The construction material, such as aggregates and sand will have to be sourced from nearby quarries. Other materials are brought from outside the valley.
2. Major Construction Equipment
The list of major construction equipment are summarized in Table below.Most of the major construction equipment used for the construction is available locally.
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Table 4.3: List of Major Construction Materials and its Procurement Conditions Major Construction SN Specification Machinery 1 Excavator (Back Hoe) 0.45, 0.8m3 bucket 3 Bull Dozer 21ton 4 Dump Truck 4 ton, 10ton 6 Motor grader W=3.1m 7 Tire Roller 8-20ton 8 Vibration Roller 10ton 9 Concrete Pump 90-110m3/hr 10 Crawler Crane 50ton 11 Generator 10-100KVA
3. Expected Manpower and Supplies During Operation
The list of manpower andsuppliesduring operation are summarized in Table below.
Table 4.4: List of Major Manpower and Supplies During Operation SN Manpower and Supplies Qty. 1 Manpower Managerial / Admin Staff 90 to 100 nos. Skilled Workers 20 nos. Unskilled Workers 100 nos. 2 Electricity 5000 KWH per Day 3 Water 63,000 LPD 4 Fuel 200 LPD
4. Major Equipment and During Operation
The list of major equipment during operation of the ICD is as follows:
Kalmar Reach Stacker Mechanical Crane 3 Nos. (1 No./500TEU/Hactare) 2 cranes of 35 tons capacity each
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Fork Lift 8 Nos. (For 2 ware houses) Other Miscellaneous Equipment
4.4 PROJECT SCHEDULE PROPOSED
The Construction period is expected to be 1.5 years and the ICD is expected to be operational by 2020. Tentative Time Schedule of the Project Year 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Detailed Design of ICD Contracting Construction Period Operation Source: Detail Design Report, 2017
4.5 TRAFFIC MOVEMENT AT ICD
The diagram below details the movement of freight traffic - IN and OUT of the ICD. All freight traffic will be using the Balkhu - Dhanshinkali Road, until other proposed new alignments become operational.
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Fig.: Layout of Traffic Movement inside ICD
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Chapter 5 EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION – BASELINE CONDITION
In this Chapter, the baseline and existing environmental condition of Physical, Biological and Socio-economic and Cultural Environment of the Project area are described. The descriptions are based upon field surveys, walkover survey, household and settlement survey, specific technical survey, cadastral survey, GIS generated thematic maps based on available digital data, and relevant secondary data and information.
5.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
The EIA team has collected basic data related to physical environment, through primary field data and secondary data. The preliminary visit was made by the full Study Team to get the comprehensive knowledge about the entire project area and possible alternative of the project and about the possible changes in existing physical environment. An attempt has been made to analyze existing physical environmental condition including climate, air and water quality, topography, geology, hydrology and material availability.
5.1.1 General Topography The topography of Kirtipur and Chovar area consists of small hillocks and the watershed drains into the Bagmati River. Kirtipur is a hillock of elevation 110m from the average base height of 1281 at Ring Road at Balkhu. Connected to the Kirtipur hill is the Adinath hillock at Chovar which is 159m high from base height of Ring Road at Balkhu.On the left bank of Bagmati River, another hillock of Saibu Bhaisepati exists which, is a 65m in elevation from Ring Road at Balkhu. The hillock of Adinath and Saibu Bhaisepati forms a gorge at Chovar, through which Bagmati River drains out of Kathmandu valley.
At the Project site at Chovar, the land on the right bank side Bagmati River, has a mild slope of 1 in 25m and there are two small streams that drain into Bagmati River, one at the side of Jal Binayak Temple and other at the south boundary of the project site. The mild slope in the agricultural lands is suitable for paddy plantation
5.1.2 General Climate and Meteorology 1. Climatic Condition – Rainfall The proposed Project site lies at the south-western side of Kathmandu Valley. The Kathmandu Valley has a mild climate most of the year. Chovar town, where the Project is situated is part of Kirtipur Municipality, at an altitude of 1328 masl. During the rainy monsoon season between June and August, the total maximum rainfall of the Kathmandu valley is found to be more than 500mm. May and June can be very hot and humid until the monsoon rains bring relief. In spring (March to April) and autumn (October to November), the temperatures are pleasant with occasional short bursts of rain, while November to February is dry.
The Chovar area experiences sub-tropical type of climate with humid and hot characteristic. In general, the rainy season starts from June and ends in September. About 80% of the rainfall occurs in this season. In the dry season, the Northwest wind brings dry and cold wind
Page | 38 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Chovar ICD Draft Report bearing little moisture and accounts for the remaining 20% of the annual rainfall. The average rainfall along the Chovar area is same as average for Kathmandu Valley.
The average monthly precipitation for the Kathmandu Airport meteorological stations (1999- 2014) along the Project area and its vicinity is presented in Table 5.1. Table 5.1: Average Monthly Precipitationand Temperature in Kathmandu Airport Average Average Temperature (0C) Month Rainfall (mm) Max Avg. Min Avg. January 0.0 19.7 6.0 February 0.0 22.7 7.2 March 16.3 27.0 11.6 April 20.0 30.9 14.9 May 120.4 31.1 17.4 June 75.4 31.7 20.2 July 324.8 30.6 21.5 August 492.8 30.2 20.9 September 92.3 30.2 19.9 October 76.9 27.9 15.2 November 2.2 24.1 10.1 December 2.2 20.7 7.3 Annual Rainfall 1223 27.2 14.4 Source: DHM (1999-2014)
2. Temperature Since the Project area lies in the Sub tropical region, it experiences sub-tropical type of climate with mostly wet and humid condition during summer season and cold and dry during the winter season. The months of May, June and July are the hottest months, whereas November, December, January and February are the colder months. The pattern of monthly temperature in Kathmandu valley shows that the average monthly temperature in the Chovar area in Kathmandu ranges from 14.40C to 27.20C.
3. Climate Change Due to climatic changes, the elevation of water in the Bagmati River may be expected, and consequently rise in water level at the Chovar ICD site also. In such events, the ICD Complex should be safe from inundation from Bagmati river water. The design of the complex has taken into consideration of this phenomenon and designed the formation level of the ICD complex, with 2 to 6m buffer from expected water level for 100 year flood forcast.
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Figure 5.1: General Topographic Map of ICD Chovar, Kirtipur Area
5.1.3 General Geology and Geomorphology Regional Geology of the Project Area The Nepalese mountain ranges are unique and fragile in nature. Majority of the hills and/or mountain ranges in Nepal are generally lying along the longitudinal direction of the country that is in east-west direction. Entire Kathmandu Valley is an old lake. Area of Chovar lies in the outer rim area toward west of old Kathmandu Lake. There is a thick pile of fluvio- lacustrine sedimentary deposit of quaternary origin at the bottom of old lake. Since Chovar is in the rim area of the old Kathmandu Lake the lacustrine deposit in this area is interfered by slope wash material like talus cone deposits rolling down from the surrounding hills.
The ICD Project area of the Chovar Hill at previous mine site is located in the rocks of Sopyang Formation and Chandragiri Formation of the Phulchoki Group of Kathmandu Complex consisting of majority limestone together with some shale. Similarly toward the lower part of the ICD in the area of previous industrial buildings originally it was consisting of
Page | 40 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Chovar ICD Draft Report black to dark grey highly organic clay of Kalimati Clay Formation. The Kalimati Clay is soft in nature with low strength. At the river banks toward the bank of Bagmati River thin alluvial deposit consisting of gravel and sand is also to be encountered.
Figure 5.2: Geological Map of the Area of Chovar, Kirtipur Area
Surface Geology On the surface of the Project area some colluviums soil deposits are present. In addition, some hardened cement slag waste from former cement factory can be noticed on the Project site, deposited near the cement factory buildings. The thickness of the colluviums as well as the slag deposits is expected not to be very thick. The maximum thickness of the colluviums is expected not to exceed 2m whereas the slag deposits may be up to 5m thick.
Erosion potential is considered to be minimum, as the site is flat in nature, and Bagmati River as wide flood plain area near this site. The annual flood does not enter the premises of ICD Project area.
Seismicity Kathmandu valley in the past had suffered from extensive loss of property and life due to large earthquakes. Major damages had occurred in 1255, 1408, 1681, 1803, 1833, and 1866 (Chitrakara & Pandey, 1986). Some of these events might be related to the repetition in the past of the 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake. That might be the case in particular for the 1833 earthquake (Bilham, 1995). Most of the others are probably related to smaller magnitude earthquakes that would have occurred close to the Kathmandu valley. The Kirtipur area is considered to be seismically more stable compared to other parts of the Valley. The 1934 earthquake had less destruction. Similarly, the more recent, 2015 earthquake had comparatively less causalities and house destruction in and around the Kirtipur area.Kirtipur Municipality‟s Ward Nos. 9, 10, 11, 12, 16, and 18 were hit hard while other wards were also damaged. It have been reported that 578 households were damaged Ward Nos. 9, 10, 11, 12 (43% of total houses) and 150 people from different parts of the municipality lost their lives. Most of the casualties in this area was a result of building collapse.
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Liquefaction Potential Liquefaction is a phenomena during which soil (mainly fine sand and silty sand) losses its shear strength significantly and behaves as a fluid. During earthquakes, due to generation of excess pore pressure, effective stress will be reduced and the soil may undergo complete liquefaction or decrease in shear strength causing settlement and lateral spreading of soil mass.
In general, for clean sand, if the SPT value is less than 30, the soil is prone to liquefaction. The increase in fines content, however, increases the liquefaction resistance of soil.
In the Chovar ICD Project area, since mainly highly plastic cohesive soil and coarse gravelly sand are encountered, liquefaction is not expected.
5.1.4 General Hydrology The proposed ICD Project area lies adjacent to the right bank of Bagmati River, 150m downstream of Gorge at Chovar, from where the entire water flows out of the Kathmandu valley. The total catchment area of the Bagmati River up to Chovar is about 585 km2. Similarly, there are two small streams (tributaries), one on the northern boundary and the other at the southern boundary of the ICD Project area, which join the Bagmati River. These are small tributaries with less water flow having catchment areas of about 1.45 km2 and 1.2 km2.
Bagmati River at Chovar is a gauged river and maximum instantaneous discharge recorded was 856 m3/s in 1972, and 938 m3/s in 1993. Maximum instantaneous flood discharge for 100 year return period, for the Project site, has been estimated at 1,140 m3/s.
A hydraulic model study, simulated for 100 year return period flood for the river discharge of 1,140 m3/s, showed that the main river flow course, at the Project location, lies in the left bank (opposite bank of the ICD Project site), due to higher existing elevation on the right bank. The flood inundation map thus does not create any significant inundation in the ICD Project location. The high flood level (HFL) for 100 year return period flood in Bagmati River at the Project site is at a level of 1,264.3 masl. Hence the hydraulic study has recommended that the protection wall at the ICD boundary, at the Bagmati River bank side, have the elevation of at least 1,265 masl.
The ICD Complex formation level is designed at a level of 1271 to 1267masl, with a construction of a RCC retaining wall structure (5 to 6m Ht.) and a boundary wall of 3m is constructed above the retaining wall. The retaining wall and boundary wall is well safe from the estimated high flood level of 1265 masl by a height of 2 to 6 m (6m buffer at the northern side and 2m buffer at the southern side of the ICD complex). The cross-section at the river bank side is as shown in the figure below. With these design formation level, and retaining wall structures, the inundation of the ICD complex is not considered to be probable, only the afforestation bank side will be inundated in such severe flooding events.
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Figure 5.3: Flood Inundation Map of the Project Area
Ground Water Situation
Chovar area is known for its good supply of ground water, as the ground water table is at a higher elevation (nearer to the surface), because of the sloping terrain from western Kirtipur side to towards the eastern Bagmati River side.
For the Bhutkhel area residents, water used to be collected in an underground reservoir and distributed through a pipe network. However, this system has been disfuctional recently due to non-maintenance of this mechanical equipments.
At Chovar, near the Community Open Space area, a natural spring source and a bore well have been intalled by a private company for commercial extraction of ground water.
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Insidethe Chovar ICD area, ground water table (GWT) was recorded during geotechnical investigations at 16 locations, and it was recorded that the GWT was between 3.8m and 4.2m under ground level, during the dry season (March 2017). The GWT is expected to be higher during other months.
The ICD Complex, during construction and operation will not draw ground water from this area, so it will not affect any of the settlement around this area. For construction, the water will be drawn from a sump well located in the Bagmati river bank. For water during operation, the water will be supplied through a water supply system, through a deep boring system at a hill side, outside of the ICD complex, and about 1.5 km from the ICD Complex site. The water collection site is within the land of NITDB, and does not affect water depletion system to the surrounding areas.
5.1.5 Water,Air and Noise Quality Situation Surface Water Quality (Bagmati River at Chovar) During the baseline EIA study, the water quality parameters of waste water were measured (in Aug. 2017) at Bagmati River and boring water sample was taken from 25m away from the periphery of project area. Mainly eight parameters were measured of waste water and eleven parameters were measured of boring water.
Table 5.2: Water Quality of Bagmati River D/S ofICD Construction Site Generic Effluent Standards Observed S.N Parameter Discharged into Inland Surface Values Water,GoN 2001 1 Total Suspended Solids, (mg/L) 1714 30-200 2 Nitrate-N, (mg/L) 1.75 3 Ammoniacal-N, (mg/L) 10 50,max
4 Phosphorous as PO4 - P,(mg/L) 3.47 5 Dissolved Oxygen, (mg/L) <1 6 Chemical Oxygen Demand(COD),(mg/L) 480 250, max Biological Oxygen Demand 7 121 30-100 (BOD),(mg/L) 8 E.coliCount,(MPN Index/100 mL) >1100 Source: Field Measurements, EIA study Team,2017
The observed values for total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand did not comply the prescribed effluent standard discharged into inland surface water (GoN,2001). Dissolved Oxygen is <1 mg/L, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is 480 mg/L, which is higher than the standard value, that means a greater amount of oxidizable organic material in the sample,which will reduce dissolved oxygen (DO) level, which is deleterious to higher aquatic life form. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) is 121mg/L seems to be higher than the standard value making the environment unsuitable for aquatic life.
Ground Water Quality
In Boring Water sample following parameter were observed.
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Table 5.3: Ground Water Quality of water from Bore Hole inside ICD Construction Site S.N Parameter Observed Values NDWQS,Nepal 1 Temperature (oC) 24 2 pH at 24oC 6.8 6.5-8.5 3 Electrical Conductivity,(µS/cm) 657 1500 4 Turbidity, (NTU) <1 5
5 Total Hardness as CaCO3,(mg/L) 280 500
6 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3, (mg/L) 359 7 Chloride,(mg/L) 20.36 250 8 Ammonia, (mg/L) 5.26 1.5 9 Nitrate,(mg/L) 2.44 50 10 Total Phosphate, (mg/L) 2.41 11 Iron,(mg/L) 0.14 0.3 Source: Field Measurements, EIA study Team, 2017 NDWQS : Nepal Drinking Water Quality Standards
Except ammonia, all observed values comply with the prescribed NDWQS for drinking water.
Air Quality Status
Air pollution has become a serious environmental concern and a public health risk in Kathmandu Valley. Studies show that the concentration of particulate matter less than 10 microns (PM10) in the Valley‟s ambient air is already several times higher than WHO safer limit. Several studies have shown that Kathmandu‟s air is seriously polluted, particularly during the dry season (Nov-May). However, there have been many air qualities monitoring works carried out by many NGOs, private laboratory and the government institutions over the last decade that clearly indicate that the air of Kathmandu Valley is heavily polluted particularly with the particulate pollutants.
In order to get the baseline information of the air quality status at the Project area, the EIA study team has conducted the air quality monitoring at the Project site. The air quality parameters were measured for 24 hours, at the ICD Project Area at a distance of 30m from the main road, at an elevation of 1269m, on 21 Aug. 2017.
The air quality parameters that were measured during the monitoring were: Total Suspended Particles, Respirable Particulate Matter (PM10), Respirable Fine Particles (PM2.5), Sulfur
Dioxide (SO2) and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2).
The Total Suspended Particles of78.80µg/m3 is measured. Respirable Particulate Matter (PM10) of 87.10% of TSP of 68.63µg/m3is measured, Respirable Fine Particles (PM2.5) is found 74.25% of TSP of 58.47µg/m3. The observed twenty four hours average values for TSP and PM10complied theprescribed NAAQS, 2012 limits (TSP=230µg/m3; PM10=120µg/m3). But the observed values for PM2.5 was greater than 40µg/m3prescribed NAAQS, 2012 limits. The observed PM10:TSP and PM2.5:PM10 were found to be 0.87 and 0.85 respectively.
3 Similarly, Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) is measured of 14.67µg/m and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) is measured of 74.59µg/m3 is found in the air around the project area. The observed twenty
Page | 45 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Chovar ICD Draft Report four hours values for sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide complies the prescribed NAAQS,2012 limits (SO2=70µg/m3;NO2=80µg/m3)
Ambient Air Quality, Chovar
90 78.8 80 74.59 68.63 70 58.47 60 50 40 30
20 14.67 Observed Value(µg/m3) Observed 10
0
)
10)
Fine Fine
(NO2)
Total
Dioxide Dioxide
M2.5)
Nitrogen Nitrogen
Sulfur Sulfur
Particles
Respirable Respirable
Particles(P
Respirable Respirable
Particulate
Suspended Suspended Matter(PM Dioxide(SO2 Figure5.4: Concentration Parameter of Ambient Air Quality Source: Field Measurement, EIA Study Team,2017
Air pollution, mainly due to vehicular exhaust, and dust wasdetectable, along main road and adjacent residential, cultural areas and recreational sites. There is no smoke producing industries, such as brick kilns, around the Project area. Further, the level of air pollution is not too extreme, as some surrounding forest and trees diminish the effect of air pollution.
Air Temperature and Wind Speed, Direction The observed average air temperature and wind speed were 250C and 0.71m/s respectively. The windrose entailed that about 60% of the monitoring time, the resultant wind vector was divergent towards 1650 (60%), and calm wind frequency was about 29.20%. The dominant wind was light breeze (66.7%) type (Beaufort wind scale: 1). The smokes moved slightly with the breeze and showed the direction of wind at the observed wind class.
Table 5.4: Wind Speed, Direction: ICD Project Area Dated 21/08/2017Distance from Road: ̴ 30m Time General Air Temperature Wind Speed Wind Direction (Hr) Weather (oC) (m/s) (Bearing) 10:00 Slight wind 25 1.8 140 11:00 Slight hot 29 0.6 110 12:00 Warm 30 0.8 70 13:00 Hot and Sunny 31 1.6 60 14:00 Hot 31 0.8 264 15:00 Little windy 25 2.4 146 16:00 Moderate 27 1 190 17:00 Moderate 26 1.8 140 18:00 Moderate 26 0.6 80 19:00 Moderate 25 0.4 130 20:00 Cool 25 0.6 180 21:00 Slight Cool 24 0.8 200
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Time General Air Temperature Wind Speed Wind Direction (Hr) Weather (oC) (m/s) (Bearing) 22:00 Moderate 24 0.2 134 23:00 Moderate 23 0.4 174 24:00 Moderate 23 0.6 210 1:00 Slight Cool 22 0.8 144 2:00 Slight Cool 22 0.6 160 3:00 Cold 22 0.4 210 4:00 Cold 22 0.8 240 5:00 Cold 22 0.6 190 6:00 Rainy Cool 23 0.4 184 7:00 Moderate 23 0.4 120 8:00 Moderate 24 0.4 290 9:00 Slight warm 24 0.8 280
Source: Field Measurement, EIA Study Team, 2017
Noise Level Status The noise levels were measured at the exact location where air quality has been measured inside the ICD project area. The noise descriptors were calculated on the day time and night time on 21/08/2017 of 1270m elevation.
During day time average day time (Ld) sound pressure level was measured 58 dB and during night time(Ln) average night time sound pressure level was measured 53 dB and average day and night time(Ldn) sound pressure level was measured 57dB.
Extreme levels of noise are not detected at Project Site. Only vehicular noise is noticed along the main road side. Factory generated noise or vibration are not detected.
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Sound Pressure Level
59 58 58 57 57 56 55 54 53 53 Ld= Average day time sound pressure level
52 Ln = Average night time sound pressure level
Ldn = Average day and night time sound pressure level
Noise Level (dB) Level Noise 51 50 Ld Ln Ldn
Noise Descriptors
FIGURE 5.5: Sound Pressure Level, Chovar Source: Source: Field Measurement, EIA Study Team, 2017
The observed equivalent sound pressure ranged from 43dB (A) to 61dB (A). The observed day time and night time average sound pressure level at the construction site complied the sound pressure level of 63dB (A) and 55 dB (A) for mixed residential area respectively (GoN, 2012). The workers were found to be safe at the continuous exposure of measured sound pressure level for eight hour working period {<90dB (A)}. The observed day-night sound pressure level was found lesser than 75dB (A).
Table 5.5: General Monitoring Condition and Major Noise Source Monitoring S.N Time Zone General Weather Recorded Sound Sources Hours 1 07:00 - 09:00 8:00 Moderate Vehicles 2 10:00 - 12:00 11:00 Moderate Vehicles and machine 3 12:00 - 14:00 13:00 Hot Vehiclesand building demolishing 4 14:00 - 16:00 15:00 Slight wind after rain traffic and construction noises 5 17:00 - 19:00 18:00 Moderate Crane and other vehicles 6 20:00 - 22:00 21:00 Moderate cool Heavy and light traffic noises 7 22:00 - 24:00 24:00 Slight cool, rain Occasional traffic noises 8 01:00 - 04:00 3:00 Slight cool weather Rare traffic noises 9 04:00 - 07:00 6:00 Moderate Traffic noises Source: Source: Field Measurement, EIA Study Team, 2017
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FIGURE 5.6: Sample / Measurement Points at Chovar ICD
Site hazards
There are no noticeable site hazards existing on or near the site which may affect the designs and construction process of the proposed Project. During the construction of the Project‟s components, cutting of steep hillsides is not necessary. Similarly, no areas are prone to water logging, flooding or washout by the Bagmati River, even during peak flows.
Existing Pollution Noticeable levels of existing pollution / contamination of soils, surface and ground water pollution, such as by heavy metals or other hazardous substances may be detected at site in and around the Project Site. Major structures are being dismantled; nonetheless it is likely that contaminated soils, old oil drums etc. may remain in following demolition. Sampling of soil, river water and groundwater and there result is attached in Annex II.
Waste Management Waste management or waste disposal is all the activities and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal.This includes amongst other things collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste together with monitoring and regulation in the project site. Following measures is adopted for this impact.
- After the disposal, the site will be landscaped, provided with proper drainage, planted with vegetation, and provided with adequate protection against erosion and scouring. - Minimize the production of waste that must be treated or eliminated. - Identify and classify the type of waste generated. If hazardous wastes are generated, proper procedures must be taken regarding their storage, collection, transportation and disposal.
Existing Land Uses pattern in project area (Discussed in Section 5.4.7)
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5.2 TRANSPORTATION SCENARIO AT CHOVAR ICD AREA AND ITS VICINITY
Balkhu – Dakshinkali Road [F 022]
The Balkhu – Dakshinkali Road is a major road that connects Kathmandu to southern town of Hetauda, via Dakshinkali and further towards the Indian border. Due to the road‟s improvement, a lot of small vehicles that carry passengers to and from Hetauda, ply in this road. In addition, the urban growth in this sector has also contributed to the increase in traffic in this road. Further, Dakshinkali is a major Hindu religious site at is visited by significant numbers of visitors, throughout the year.
The freight traffic that enter Kathmandu, through the western side, all enter the valley, via Nagdhunga, Satungal and Kalanki at Ring Road. To reach the Chovar ICD, the vehicles take an anti-clockwise turn at Kalanki, up to Balkhu junction, and then divert towards Chovar through the Balkhu – Dakshinkali road. From Balkhu junction at the Ring Road, the Chovar ICD site is at a distance of 4.5 km.
This Balkhu – Dakshinkali road is recently being upgraded and improved to 2 lane road, and the quality of the road is satisfactory in this section and heavy vehicles can easily accommodate in this road. However, there is one location, where the road take a sharp bend at a falling gradient, which makes the road unsafe and is also accident prone. The sharp bend is approximately 600m from the Gate 1 of the ICD Complex. (refer Fig. below.)
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Present Traffic Situation in Balkhu – Dakshinkali Road
Recently due to the improvement of Balkhu – Dakshinkali road, and urban development, vehicle traffic has increased rapidly. Dec. 2016 traffic data shows, in average, 1671 vehicles are found to ply in this road daily and its the rate of increase is expected to be around 7% per annum. With this assumption, the local traffic volume expected in this road is shown below, which is expected to reach 8000 vehicles per day, in the year 2039/40.
Table 5.6: Number of Vehicles at Chovar Kathmandu(Inbound and Outbound)
Outbound Inbound Vehicle Total (From Kathmandu (From Dhakshinkali to Category (both direction) towards Dhakshinkali) Kathmandu) Car 48 53 101 Taxi 25 41 66 Light Passenger Vehicle 707 711 1418 Heavy Truck 27 25 52 Large Bus 15 19 34 Total 822 849 1671 Source: Field Study, Dec. 2016 Table 5.7: Time-Wise Traffic at Chovar (Inbound and Outbound)
9~12 12~3 Direction 6~9 AM 9~12 PM 12~3 PM 3~6 PM 6~9 PM 3~6 AM Total AM AM Outbound 41 164 282 222 82 16 3 12 822 Inbound 40 194 275 215 87 18 5 15 849 Both Direction 81 358 557 437 169 34 8 27 1671 2016 5% 21% 33% 26% 10% 2% 0% 2% 100%
Projected Traffic Situation after Chovar ICD comes into operation
The design of the Chovar ICD has been undertaken by estimating the trade inflow volume and the associated freight vehicles. The design report had projected the numbers of those freight vehicles (container truck and non-container trucks) that use the ICD facility. With 2020 as the operation year, the projection has been done till 2039/40, which is shown in the Table below. In addition to the freight vehicles that use the ICD facility, another major facility, namely Fruit and Vegetable Market is under construction, will also be using the same road. Thus the Balkhu – Dakshinkali road will be used by (i) normal local traffic (ii) ICD traffic and (iii) Fruit and Vegetable Market Traffic. These three traffic has been added together to project the total traffic scenario after there operation in 2020. The Tables and graph below shows the projected traffic.
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Table 5.7: Estimated Total Traffic (Local Traffic and ICD and Fruit & Veg. Market Traffic) at Chovar (as per Design Report)
Local ICD Traffic Fruit & Veg. Market Traffic Tot. Year Traffic ICD F&V Remarks Container Trucks Container Trucks Total (Both Direction) Total Total 2016 1671 1671
Expected 2020 2190 170 250 420 50 150 200 2810 Operation 2025 3071 235 450 685 70 210 280 4036 2030 4307 331 541 872 98 295 393 5572 2035 6040 473 652 1125 138 414 552 7717 2039 7917 626 758 1384 181 542 723 10024
Table 5.8: Estimated Total Traffic (Time-Wise)
Year 6~9 AM 9~12 PM 12~3 PM 3~6 PM 6~9 PM 9~12AM 12~3 AM 3~6 AM Total 2016 81 358 557 437 169 34 8 27 1671 2020 138 594 948 741 285 57 12 41 2810 2025 198 852 1364 1066 411 83 17 59 4036 2030 275 1176 1882 1469 567 113 22 81 5572 2035 380 1630 2605 2034 786 158 32 112 7717 2039 493 2120 3382 2642 1019 205 42 146 10024
Forecasted Traffic at Chovar, Both Directions, Daily Local + ICD + Fruit & Veg Market Traffic 3500
3000 2039
2500 2035 2000 2030 1500 2025 1000 2020
500 2016
0
3~6 PM 3~6 PM 6~9
6~9 AM 6~9 AM 3~6
9~12AM
9~12 PM 9~12 PM 12~3 12~3 AM 12~3 Fig. 5.7: Forecasted Traffic for 2016 to 2039
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Effect of Proposed Road Projects
In addition to Balkhu – Dakshinkali road, two additional road, that come to close proximity of the ICD complex, are also proposed by the Government. They are :
Outer Ring Road – Satungal to Chovar Section (6 km) Kathmandu – Terai Expressway (Fast Track)
The traffic flow is expected to change after these two new roads become operational. Even though, there is no time frame for their operation, since its works are yet to start, but its completion in near future is expected.
After the Outer Ring Road becomes operation, the freight vehicles which enter the valley through Kalanki junction of the Ring Road, will divert to the Outer Ring Road, at Satungal, and directly reach the Chovar ICD. Hence, the Balkhu – Dakshinkali road will not be used by the ICD bound freight vehicle.
In a similar manner, after the Kathmandu – Terai Expressway (Fast Track) becomes operational, the freight vehicles come to ICD directly via this road, thus reducing the traffic pressure in the Balkhu – Dakshinkali road.
Schematic map of the present and future road is shown hereunder.
Fig. 5.8: Schematic Map of Road Network at Chovar Area
↑To Nagdhunga N
Satungal Proposed Outer Ring Road
Kalanki
Fruit & Veg. Market Chovar ←To Dakshinkali Balkhu Chovar ICD Ring Road
Proposed Fast Track ←Bagmati R.
Koteshwor
↓To Dhulikhel
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5.3 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
The proposed Chovar ICD site is located in semi urban areas, where biological aspects are less. However, some areas are under community forest, in the vicinity of the Project site. Details of living spices such as biological flora, fauna, birds, animals, reptiles etc. along with forest types are discussed here under this heading: a. Vegetation The mixed plantation forest of Kainyo (Gravillea robusta), Utis (Alnus nepalensis), Salla (Pinus roxburghii), Lapsi (Choerospondia axillaris), Painyu (Prunus cerasoides), and Bakaino (Melia azedarach), Lahare Pipal (Populus deltoidis), Dhupi (Cryptomeria), Gulmohar tree (Delonix regia), Kapur (Dryobalanps aromatica), Masala tree (Intsia bijuga), Bhimsenpati (Buddleia asiatica) are seen inside the premises of former Himal Cement Factory and also found in the community forest.
About 1,500 Pinus roxburghiitrees are present in 2 blocks [ Block No. 1 and 2 ] within the Jal Binayak Community Forest, which is near to the Chovar ICD area (refer Fig. 5.9). b. Non Timber Forest Product (NTFP) Regarding NTFP, there were very few significant species reported. Species reported were Ainselu (Rubus ellipticus), Pani Amala (Nephrolepsis cordifoloa), Rudhilo (Pogostemon glaber), Titepati (Artemisia vulgaris), etc. Grass/bamboo species like taru bans (Bambusanutans),ban negalo (Drepanostachyum khasianum), narkat (Phragmites maxima), khar (Imperata cylindrical), amriso (Thysanolaena maxima), etc. are also found. These NTFPs are not however, harvested for economic benefit. c. Wildlife Mammals like ban biralo (Felis chaus), kharayo (Ochotona nepalensis) dumsi (Hystrix indica), and syal (Canis aureus) were reported found in the area. Small animal like squirrel was also observed. Occasionally Common leopard (Panthera pardus) are seen, which are thought to be visited from the forests of Chandragiri and Champadevi hills, in the southwest and about 10 km from the proposed site.
Regarding birds, ban kukhura (Gallus gallus), chil (Spizaetus nepalensis) chyakhura (Perdixhodgsoniae), dhukur (Streptopelia senegalensis), jureli (Pycononotussp.),teetra (Francolinusfrancolinus) arereported to be found.
Insects like Fulvous Forest skimmer (Neurothemis fulvia), Lemon Pansy (Junonia lemonias), Ant (Peekhamian Mimicry), Grasshopper (Caelifera),Macdunnoughia Tetragona (Macdunnoughia (Puriplusia) Tetragona), Lynx Spider (Pescetia Viridans). d. Aquatic Life The Bagmati Riverbeing heavily polluted with rapid urbanization is rare with aquatic life. So aquatic biodiversity is not present in the Bagmati river. Similarly, aquatic life in other small streams around the project area is also not found.
Amphibian like Frog (Rana Tigrina) and reptile like Rat snake (Pantherophis Obsoletus),Grass snake (Natrix natrix) aresometimes found within the project area.
Page | 54 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Chovar ICD Draft Report e. Rare, Endangered, Endemic, Threatened, Endangered and Protected Flora and Fauna A preliminary investigation on the status and type of protected flora and fauna has shown that none of the species of rare, endangered, endemic, threatened, endangered and protected flora and fauna were identified within the project area. f. Forest Some areas are under community forest, in the vicinity of the Project site. Biological Environment, especially the community forests are discussed hereunder.
Jal Binayak Community Forest Within the close vicinity of the Project area, a Community Forest is maintained, by the Shree Jal Binayak Community Forest Users Group. This Forest Users Group was formally established in 2006 April and in 2013 July, the Department of Forest‟s Kathmandu Office, made a written agreement to handover approximately 22 Hectors of land (in 7 Blocks), to this User Groups, to better manage the forest area. Altogether, there are 1588 trees, in two blocks, in this Community Forest. The other 5 blocks are vacant land at present, and one of them is the river bank of Bagmati River.
Some land parcel of proposed ICD under the ownership of NITDB (Block 1,2,4,) has been transferred to Jal Binayak Community Forest User Group (Agreement between District Forest Office, Kathmandu and Jal Binayak Community Forest User Group dated 2070/3/31/ 15 July 2013). Salient Features of the Community Forest is as in Table 5.9. Table 5.9:Salient Features of Shree Jal Binayak Community Forest
Community Forest Name Shree Jal Binayak Community Forest Boundary East Bagmati River West KirtipurMun. W.N. 13, AilepatiPipal Tree North Thulo Chaur, Adhinath CF South KirtipurMun. W.N. 6 Area (Ha.) 22.372 Forest Type Natural & Afforestation Forest Condition Pole Trees Regeneration Status Normal Main Species Utis, Salla, Kainyo Nos. of Blocks 7 Period of Forest Operational Plan 2013 to 2017 Community Forest Registration No. 157 Community Forest Registration Date 2062/12/20 (2006/4/2) Community Forest Code No. KAT/MC/53/06 Community Forest Operation Plan Approved 2070/3/27 (2013/7/11) Users Group Household Nos. 163 Total Population 851 (Male 421, Female 430) Members of Committee 11 Animal Husbandry of User Groups 59 Source: Operation Plan of Jal Binayak Community Forest, 2013
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Figure 5.9: Jal Binayak Community Forest Block Plan Source: Draft Report, 2016
5.3.1 Trees within Project Area of Proposed ICD In addition to the Community Forest area, the proposed Chovar ICD site has some trees within the boundaries of the former Himal Cement Factory premises. These trees are mostly on the periphery of the factory premises and also can be seen from the road side, and act a natural barrier to the factory‟s activities. There are total of 432 in numbers of tress present in the proposed ICD area.
Some of the trees need to be cut for the preparation of site development mostly that lies on the central part of the Project site. The present peripheral trees are proposed to be retained. Total number of trees and trees to be cut down is given in Table 5.10 below.
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Figure 5.10: Existing Trees and Trees needed to cut, within Proposed ICD Site at Chovar
Trees need to be cut
Additional Parking ICD Area (Cement Factory Area Area)
Source: Draft Report, 2016
Trees to be cut at the proposed ICD site and residential quarter area is about 400 as shown in the Fig. above: (red trees are to be cut, green trees do not need to be cut).
Table 5.10: Total Trees within Project Area and Trees that need to be Cut Nos. of Average Max Min Nos. Average Tree Trees that Girth Girth Girth Location of Height Species need to DBH DBH Trees (m) DBH (m) be cut (m) (m) Kainyo 40 40 10 0.45 0.5 0.31 ICD Area Lahare Pipal 70 70 13 0.54 0.65 0.45 (former Salla 60 60 11 0.28 0.35 0.24 Cement Dhupi 63 63 7 0.35 0.37 0.32 Factory Kapur 14 14 8 0.2 0.25 0.15 Area) Utish 15 15 9 0.28 0.34 0.2 Sub Total 262 262 Utish 50 42 7 0.28 0.35 0.21 Kainyo 24 20 9 0.32 0.48 0.25 Annex Area Lahare Pipal 40 30 10 0.54 0.65 0.45 (former Salla 30 25 10 0.29 0.35 0.25 Quarter Masala 1 1 10 0.3 0.38 0.21 Area ) Dhupi 20 15 9 0.30 0.35 0.25 Kapur 5 5 8 0.29 0.38 0.22 Sub Total 170 138 Total 432 400
Source: Field Study, 2017
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Among these 400 trees, 40 are pole size trees with 10-30 cm diameter and 360 are matured trees with more than 30 cm diameter.
River Environment In the Project area, Bagmati River flows in close vicinity. Bagmati River has been polluted due to disposal of solid waste, sewage waste, sewers and human encroachment. Due to these reason biological activities are totally dead in this river and the water is unusable for general use. Water maybe used, for the construction purposes such as water sprinkling for dust control etc.
5.4 SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT
The major goal of addressing social safeguard issues is the recognition that human beings are the primary stakeholders and ultimate beneficiaries of the Project. Long-term social and economic benefits from development Projects can be achieved, only by consulting the people, compensating for their losses, assisting in rebuilding their lost assets and livelihoods, and not to degrade their standard of living compared to that before the Project. With this objective, a Socio-economic environment analysis is conducted, for the directly and indirectly affected inhabitants of the Project area. Secondary and primary information and documents were collected to generate Socio-economic and Culture profile of the Project area. The socio-economic and cultural environment within the ICD Project area is presented briefly below.
5.4.1 Demographic Characteristics of Kirtipur Municipality The proposed ICD Project at Chovar of Kathmandu lies in Ward No. 6 of Kirtipur Municipality, The population distribution shows that the proper Kirtipur Wards have a maximum of 11% population and the outskirt Wards have 2 to 3 % population (Annex IV).
The population comparison from 2001 census versus 2011 census shows a notable increase in population (61%) in Kirtipur Municipality. The increase in population can be linked with the proximity of Kirtipur municipality to the proper urban Kathmandu, with good road connectivity, and available land for residential plots development.
Table 5.11: Demographic Characteristic of Kirtipur Municipality Ward No. HH nos. Population HH size Literacy % 1 1,915 6,708 10% 3.5 78.5 2 1,863 6,728 10% 3.6 77.5 3 2,502 7,343 11% 2.9 75.5 4 690 2,396 4% 3.5 78.3 5 985 3,439 5% 3.5 76.5 6 429 1,681 3% 3.9 72.6 7 700 2,877 4% 4.1 73.5 8 504 2,296 3% 4.6 75.5 9 771 2,272 3% 2.9 76.4 10 588 1,934 3% 3.3 76.8 11 1,148 3,681 6% 3.2 72.5 12 879 3,077 5% 3.5 76.0 13* 360 1,386 2% 3.9 77.5 14* 468 2,129 3% 4.5 72.5 15* 850 3,767 6% 4.4 78.3
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Ward No. HH nos. Population HH size Literacy % 16 792 2,510 4% 3.2 78.3 17 2053 5732 9% 2.8 77.6 18 1722 4661 7% 2.7 76.3 19 222 985 2% 4.4 74.2 Total(2011 Census) 19441 65602 100% 3.6 Total (2001 Census) 9487 40835 4.3
% Increase 105% 61%
* Merged to form New Ward No. 6 Source: CBS, 2011
5.4.2 Demographic Characteristic Of Bhutkhel Settlement There are two major towns namely, Bhutkhel town and Adinath town that is in close vicinity of the Project area. Of the two, Bhutkhel is in immediate vicinity, whereas Adinath is 1km from ICD site, and is atop a hillock, and is not immediately affected by construction activities, like Bhutkhel.
The Bhutkhel settlement within the Ward No. 6 (that merged 13, 14 and 15 Wards of the former Kirtipur Municipality) is the immediate vicinity of the proposed ICD at Chovar. At present the total population of this Ward is 7,264 (11% of total Kirtipur Municipality) with 76.1% of the population being literate. Of the total houses in Bhutkhel settlement, the houses along the Balkhu – Dakshinkali Road, are only located at Chovar‟s, opposite to the former Himal Cement Factory premises, at an average distance of 200m from the ICD Complex.
The Bhutkhel town has 285 Households with total of 1,280 population. Of the total houses in Bhutkhel settlement, there are altogether 22 houses at this roadside, facing the road, immediately opposite of the ICD premise area (across Balkhu – Dakshinkali Road), which come under Direct Impact Area, while the construction works are undertaken. Of the 22 houses, 5 houses have small business outlets on their ground floors and the above floors residential dwellings.
Table 5.12:Demographic Status of Population in Bhutkhel Settlement Population Household Family Size Age Group Nos. % Members Total HHs % 10 - 14 Years 104 8% 1-2 26 9% 15 - 19 Years 152 12% 3-4 139 49% 20 - 24 Years 240 19% 5-6 108 38% 25 - 29 Years 218 17% 7-8 10 3.5% 30 - 34 Years 132 10% >8 2 0.5% 35 - 39 Years 98 8% Total 285 100% 40 - 44 Years 85 7%
45 - 49 Years 61 5% Households reporting One or 50 - 54 Years 51 4% more members are Abroad for 27 55 - 59 Years 38 3% Foreign Employment 60 - 64 Years 32 3% 65 - 69 Years 25 2% 70 - 74 Years 18 1% Source: Field Survey, 2016-17 75+ Years 26 2% Total 1,280 100%
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5.4.3 Language and Ethnicity The socio-economic condition of Bhutkhel settlement which lies in Direct Impact Zone has been reviewed. The majority of the population here speaks Newari (73%), Nepali (24%) and other. As like percentage of Newar (73%), Brahman, Chhetri and Tamang are also residing in this settlement. As occupation, 73 percent of them depend upon agriculture plus household business, 25 % only agriculture and other for their living. The Table 5.13 shows the socio-economic condition of the resident population.
Table 5.13:Language, Ethnicity, Occupation of Population in Bhutkhel Settlement Mother Total Total Dwelling Total Total % Ethnicity % % Occupation % Tongue HHs HHs types HHs HHs Agriculture Newari 208 73% Newar 208 73% Roadside 22 8% 71 25% only Agriculture + Brahman - Non- Nepali 68 24% 40 14% 263 92% House 208 73% Hill Roadside Business Own Tamang 3 1% Chhetree 29 10% 259 91% Business 43 15% House Magar 3 1% Tamang 3 1% Rented 26 9% Industry 14 5% Maithili 1 0.5% Magar 3 0.75% GF only 34 12% Employee 29 10% Employee + Others 1 0.5% Others 3 0.75% GF + 1F 171 60% 43 15% Business GF + 2F 71 25% Others 3 1% Total 285 100% Total 285 100% GF + 3F 9 3% Total 285 Source: Field Survey, 2016-17
5.4.4 Caste and Ethnicity Multi-ethnic composition is the characteristics of population where Newar, Brahmin, Chhetri Tamang Magar and other are the major caste/ethnic groups residing along the project area. 37 percent populations are Newar, followed by Brahmi (24%) Chhetri (20%), Tamang (5%), Magar (5%) and others (10%) respectively. In the project area different language (Mother Tounge) is used in which maximum used language is Nepali (53%), Newari (35%), Tamang (4%), Maithili (2%), Magar (1%) and other (5%).The caste/ethnic composition and mother tongue of the Project areaare presented inTable 5.14 below. Table 5.14:Mother Tongue and Ethnicity of Kirtipur Residents Mother Total Total % Ethnicity % Tongue Population Population Nepali 34,900 53% Newar 24,441 37% Newari 23,065 35% Brahmin - Hill 15,883 24% Tamang 2,497 4% Chhetri 13,370 20% Maithili 1,432 2% Tamang 3,419 5% Magar 641 1% Magar 1,936 3% Others 3067 5% Others 6553 10% Total 65,602 100% Total 65,602 100% Source: CBS, 2011
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Figure 5.11:Male and Female Population by Age for Kirtipur Municipality Source: CBS, 2011
Table 5.15:Economically Active Population, for Kirtipur Municipality Total Usually Economically Active Age Group Population 10 Male Female Male % Female % Yrs. and above All Ages 57,997 15,113 7,275 26% 13% 10 - 14 Years 4,726 43 25 1% 1% 15 - 19 Years 6,932 439 152 6% 2% 20 - 24 Years 10,854 1,362 818 13% 8% 25 - 29 Years 9,865 2,690 1,393 27% 14% 30 - 34 Years 5,955 2,633 1,266 44% 21% 35 - 39 Years 4,468 2,023 1,212 45% 27% 40 - 44 Years 3,827 1,894 712 49% 19% 45 - 49 Years 2,762 1,361 583 49% 21% 50 - 54 Years 2,261 1,102 367 49% 16% 55 - 59 Years 1,749 688 313 39% 18% 60 - 64 Years 1,457 428 191 29% 13% 65 - 69 Years 1,134 261 155 23% 14% 70 - 74 Years 828 105 69 13% 8% 75+ Years 1,179 83 21 7% 2% Source: CBS, 2011
Table 5.16:Active Population and over by Major Industry, for Kirtipur Municipality Major Industry Population Wholesale and retail trade; repair of vehicles & motorcycles 3254 15% Education 2758 13% Agriculture, forestry and fishing 2742 13% Manufacturing 2628 12% Construction 1588 7% Public admin. and defense; compulsory social security 1505 7% Transportation and storage 1279 6% Not Stated 1276 6% Other service activities 836 4% Financial and insurance activities 693 3%
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Major Industry Population Accommodation and food service activities 660 3% Activities of households as employers 554 3% Human health and social work activities 547 3% Administrative and support service activities 475 2% Information and communication 386 2% Professional, scientific and technical activities 201 1% Mining and quarrying 114 1% Water supply; sewerage, waste mgmt. & remediation activities 96 0.4% Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 87 0.4% Arts, entertainment and recreation 66 0.3% Real estate activities 57 0.3% Activities of extraterritorial org. and bodies 41 0.2% Total 21843 100% Source: CBS, 2011 Table 5.17: Active Population (aged 10 years and over) by Major Occupation, for Kirtipur Municipality Occupation Population Craft and related trades workers 4094 19% Service & sale workers 3696 17% Professionals 3104 14% Skilled agri., forestry & fishery workers 2533 12% Technicians and associate Prof. 2021 9% Elementary Occupations 1531 7% Plant & machine operators & assemblers 1406 6% Office assistance 1236 6% Managers 1117 5% Not Stated 1018 5% Armed Forces 89 0.4% Total 21845 100% Source: CBS, 2011
Vulnerable groups This study report has adopted the definition of vulnerable community who are commonly landless, marginal farmer living below subsistence level nearby project settlement. In Nepal, the term indigenous people (Adhibasi) equates with ethnic groups (Janajati). In the Bhutkhel settlement, some of the Magars, Tamangs families are found residing are classified as vulnerable groups who are categorized under Marginalized and Disadvantage group respectively. Moreover, majority of population living in Bhutkhel settlement are Newars, and they are classified as Advance groups according to Nepal Foundation for Indigenous Nationalities (NEFIN, 2004) that is also applied by the Government of Nepal. However, based on the socio-economic and income status of the resident people, there are about 25 % of the people (71 families) who can be categorized as vulnerable groupswho have very low income and affected by the earthquake. Some of these vulnerable families are living in temporary sheds, after their dwellings were destroyed by the earthquake. Sixteen earthquake victim families have been sheltering temporarily at the former quarter area (where additional parking facility for ICD is proposed) after the devastating Earthquake that occurred in April 2015.
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The family income of these sixteen families was tried to be estimated. It was found that the family income was similar to other residents of the Bhutkhel area. Some of the earning men worked in a nearby water supply service as water tank drivers, some are engaged in other private works and some receive remittance from foreign employment. It was found that these families had difficulties in moving out of these temporary sheds because they did not have enough saving to rebuild their damaged houses. These households have agreed to shift from the Project area before start of Project implementation time and will not hinder Project works.
5.4.5 Settlement Patterns Settlement pattern of the project area is cluster and linear in some extent. The adjoining Bhutkhel settlement is an old settlement which was formed among the arable land at the gentle slope more than a half century ago. There were some scatteredhouseholds structure also. The settlement had highly suffered from pollution during the operation of the Himal Cement Factory. As the population grew, the number of housing structures also increased. The old types of buildings were greatly damaged by the devastating earthquake of April 2015.
5.4.6 Economic Activities Main economic activity of the people in this area is found services who are involve into different government and private sector jobs. Likewise, nearly 50 percent of the economically active population depends on agriculture as of traditional occupation in this settlement. The tendency of changing economic activities is occurring from agriculture to business gradually. Due to the impact of urbanization and increased of population over the area, the agricultural land is also decreasing very much. Therefore, economic activities of the resident people have also changing according to the level of people‟s status.
5.4.7 Land-use and Land Cover Change (between 1992 to 2014, in Kirtipur Municipality) The land-use and land cover changes from 1992, 1998 and 2014 were summarized in Table 5-9 below. Overall the area of agricultural land is seen to have reduced from 55% to 25% of the municipal total, while the urban area increased from 10% to 41% of the municipal total. This urbanization trend is also comparable to 61% increase in total population in 2001 and 2011 census data.
Table 5.18:Differences in distribution of land-use and land cover types, of Kirtipur Municipality 1992 1998 2014 Change in Area Type Area Area Area Area % % % % (ha) (ha) (ha) (ha) Urban areas: High density (HD) residential area 80 4.5% 94 5.3% 103 5.8% 9 0.5% Medium density residential area 29 1.6% 65 3.6% 140 7.8% 75 4.2% Low density (LD) residential area 63 3.5% 215 12.0% 484 27.0% 269 15.0% Agricultural land: Steep (> 15°, S slope) 323 18.1% 305 17.1% 217 12.1% -88 -4.9% Medium slope (> 15°, M slope) 76 4.3% 42 2.3% 13 0.7% -29 -1.6% Flat cultivated (< 7°, FC) land 580 32.5% 451 25.2% 226 12.6% -226 -12.6% Institution 52 2.9% 57 3.2% 62 3.4% 5 0.3% Forest 418 23.4% 467 26.1% 458 25.6% -9 -0.5% Horticulture Research Centre (HRC) 21 1.2% 21 1.2% 21 1.2% 0 0.0%
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1992 1998 2014 Change in Area Type Area Area Area Area % % % % (ha) (ha) (ha) (ha) Water 18 1.0% 20 1.1% 21 1.2% 1 0.1% Stadium 5 0.3% 5 0.3% 5 0.3% 0 0.0% Recreation 19 1.1% 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% Industry 21 1.2% 9 0.5% 4 0.2% -5 -0.3% Plantation 20 1.1% 13 0.7% 8 0.5% -5 -0.3% Mining 31 1.7% 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% Others 31 1.7% 24 1.3% 29 1.6% 5 0.3% Total 1787 100% 1788 100% 1789 100% Source: ICIMOD, 2014
There was a significant increase in low and medium density residential areas, which indicates the rapid urban growth in the municipality. The changes in high density areas were more in terms of building structures than in spatial expansion. Where there is no land available for further expansion, new buildings are constructed with more floors.
Urban growth Analysis There was significant urbanization within the municipality, with low density residential areas accounting for approximately three-quarters of the total urban growth (Table 5-19).The major land use classes contributing to urban growth are shown in Table 5.19. In all three classes of residential area, growth has resulted mainly from conversion of flat cultivated land.
Table 5.19:Urban growth types, in Kirtipur Municipality Total All major Surfaced Urban growth type Growth roads (%) roads (%) Percentage of all growth 100 79 49 High density 7 7 17 Medium density 20 15 23 Low density 74 77 60 Source: ICIMOD, 2014
Table 5.20:Urban growth area by contributing class, for Kirtipur Municipality Urban density type Contributing class Growth (ha) % of total High 9 0.53% Steep slope cult. land 0.5 0.03% Medium slope cult. land 2.5 0.14% Flat cult. land 4.2 0.23% Forest 0.1 0.01% Other 2 0.11% Medium 75 4.2% Steep slope cult. land 10 0.56% Flat cult. land 65 3.63% Low 269 15.0% Steep slope cult. land 68 3.80% Medium slope cult. land 55 3.07% Flat cult. land 135 7.54% Forest 8 0.45% Other 3 0.17% Source: ICIMOD, 2014
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Urban Growth versus Accessibility Roads are a major factor contributing to urban growth. Growth patterns depend on the distance from various types of road. For Kirtipur‟s growth pattern, the nature and pattern of urban growth within 100m of major roads shows, about 79% of all growth took place within 100m of major roads (i.e. motorable surfaced and gravel roads), and 49% within 100m of surfaced roads (Table 5-21). The proportion of high and medium density growth compared with low density growth was markedly higher near surfaced roads.
The major land use classes contributing to urban growth within 100m of surfaced roads are shown in Table 5.21. Flat cultivated land has been the main land type diverted to urban growth near to roads and almost the only type near to surfaced roads. Medium slope and steep cultivated land has been converted to a small extent close to gravel roads. The differences probably reflect the positioning of the roads.The trend indicates that in the future agricultural land, especially flat land, within 100m of surfaced or gravel roads has a high chance of being developed for settlement.
Table 5.21: Contributing classes by urban growth types within 100m of all major & surfaced roads High density Medium density Low density All Contributing classes All major Surfaced All major Surfaced Surfaced major roads roads roads roads roads roads Flat cultivated land 48 54 100 100 60 90 Medium slope cultivated land 34 - - - 16 6 Steep slope cultivated land 5 6 - - 19 2 Medium dense residential - 26 - - - - area Others 13 14 - - 5 2 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100
Existing Land Uses Existing land use Map has been included in the Annex I. The Summary of the key land use features are presented hereunder in Table 5.22.
Table 5.22: Summary of the Land Use of Bhutkhel, Chovar, Ward No. 6 Urban built-up areas buildings and Ward No. 6 (formerly Ward Nos. 13, 14, 15 ), structures, Residential areas Bhutkhel & Adhinath Roads Balkhu – Dakshinkali F022Other internal roads Transmission lines NEA Distribution Lines, 66 KV 132 KV Line under construction Areas for cultivation Of Right side of Bagmati, Bhutkhel area Grazing areas On the Slopes of Adhinath Hill Shelters Some temporary shelters inside Residential Quarter area, made after the earthquake Commercial activities Roadside local businesses only Parks and recreational area 1. Manjushree Park, at the bank of Chovar Gorge, Chovar Cave 2. Woope Water Fun Park, about 500m from Project Site Physical cultural resources Chovar Cave Adinath Temple Manjushree Cave
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(historical, religious and/or Jal Binayak Temple Taudaha architectural) Manjushree Park Manjushree Gorge Hilly areas Adhinath Hill slopes Quarry site Adhinath Hill areas, former Cement Quarry Site, now vacant Forested areas Out of 5 Blocks of Jal Binayak Com. Forest, only 1 & 2 are forested Industrial facilities Former Cement Factory Agricultural Lime Factory – unused Public services such as schools Schools : Primary 1 and medical clinics, common Medical Clinic : 1 properties, etc. Ward Office : 1 Facilities directly displaced by the None development of the Project. Sensitive receptors like schools, Jal Binayak Temple, Manjushree Park, Bhutkhel Local resident and temples, market areas, etc. some shops in front of the entry gate of ICD Source: Field Study, 2016-17
Figure 5.12: Land Use Pattern Change for Kirtipur Municipality
Source: Kathmandu Urban Development Project (KUDP), 1998
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5.4.8 Cultural and Religious Environment Kirtipur, situated on a hillock (1,418m) is one of the oldest settlements in the Kathmandu Valley. Kirtipur town depicts the typical Newari architecture. The settlements are adorned with several religious temples and shrines. The Baghbhairav, Layaku and Uma- Mayaheshwor are Hindu sites, while the Chilanco complex is a Buddhist site housing the residence of bajracharoyas and shakyas, the Table 5.23 : Historical and Buddhist community of Kirtipur. Sri Kirti Vihara, a Religious Monuments of Kirtipur Buddhist monastery built in 1973 AD, lies in Municipality entrance to proper Kirtipur. Type of the monuments Number The settlements in Kirtipur are dominated by 1. Temples (Mandirs) 57 Newars. These settlements have maintained the 2. Patis (Falcha) 59 unique example of newari life culture. Newars have 3. Chaityas (Chiba) 64 their own caste and sub castes, customs, traditions, 4. Open Shrines 10 language and script. They are also known for their 5. Dhunge Dharas (Gaa 10 many festivals to commemorate a large pantheon hiti) of deities. The Newars also engage in artisan and 6. Historical Gates 8 business vocations. An exclusive feature of the (Dhoka) newar custom is the custom of guthi or thrust 7. Pond (Pukhu) 10 organization through which various community and 8. Dyo chhen 8 social works are call out. 9. Vihara and Bahi 7 Kirtipur is known for its traditional handloom Source: Kirtipur Municipality Profile, 2015 industry and many households possess a handloom to supplement their income. People in Kirtipur also engage in economic activities such as carpet-weaving, papermaking, and craft work. The cultural and religious activities of the residents‟ people are found very interesting. People celebrate Hindu and the Bauddha religion according to their tradition intensively. Dashain, Tihar, Buddha Purnima, Lohshar and Jatras (Bagh Bhairav Jatra, Indrayani Jatra, Buddha Jayanti, Gai Jatra, Ganesh Jatra and many other jatra) are the major festivals performed by the people visiting different temples and shrines nearby their settlements. The main settlement of Kirtipur is 4.7 km from the proposed ICD site, along the road, but the settlement extends toward Chovar upto 1.5 km from ICD site. Machhegaon Town Machhegaon situated on the northern slope of Chandragiri range, one of the six hills around Kathmandu valley, which is 4.68 km southenly-west from the ICD project area. Machhegaon is enroute to Chandragiri and Champadevi hills. Champadevi (2,273m) is the highest peak in this area. Machhegaon is accessible by road and public transportation to the area is easily available. Adinath Temple Adinath Temple is dedicated to Adinath Lokeswor, Buddhist deity also known as RatoMachhendranath. It is located on a hillock on the right side of the road leading to Jal Binayak Temple from the Ring Road and it is 1.06km away from the ICD project area. The present temple was erected during the reign of King Sriniwas Malla in the 17th century A.D.
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Taudaha Lake Taudaha is believed to be one of the oldest lakes of Kathmandu valley. The lake covers and an area of 4.3 hectare and is a popular picnic spot. The pond of Taudaha is at a distance of 1.4 km towards Dhakshinkali, on the Balkhu – Dakshinkali Road, from the proposed ICD site at Chovar. Jal Binayak Temple Jal Binayak is a popular temple of Lord Ganesh, located in the 260m north side of the ICD project area. The temple lies near the Chovar gorge just below the Manjushree Park, on the right bank of Bagmati river, and is one of the valley's most important Lord Ganesh shrine. The main shrine at Jal Binayak is a massive limestone rock covered with metal sheet. It extends outside the temple at the back, a small part in front resembling the tusk of Ganesh. Groups of the local Newar devotees are often seen making pilgrimage to Jal Binayak, especially on Tuesdays and Saturdays and other occasion or festivals. Manjushree Gorge Manjushree Gorge is apopular destination where one can watch a deep gorge that drains all the water from the Kathmandu Valley.It is approximately 350m away from the North side of ICD area. According to popular legends, this gorge was struck by Manjushree to create a deep cleft in the hills to drain the water from the valley.
A steel suspension bridge built in 1903 A.D connected the two sides of the George, which is now replaced by a motorable bridge. The bridge offers views of the Jal Binayak shrine, Manjushree Gorge and nearby Chovar cave. Western part of gorge has been developing as a Manjushree park in a concept of well managed recreation center. And a project to install 33-feet high stone craved statue of Manjushree is going on in cooperation with experts. ManjushreeCave Manjushree cave lies on within the hills of the Manjushree gorge and is believed to be the one of longest caves in South Asia. It is believed to be 1250 m in total length and average diameter of about 1m only. Some sections of the cave are open to visitors at present. Manjushree Cave was formally opened by the Jal Binayak Community Forest Users' Group. The caves are situated on the hillocks that form the gorge, through which Bagmati River flows. As per local beliefs, there are many braches to the caves, and only some lengths has been cleaned and made accessible. These accessible caves are on the right side of Bagmati River, which is on the same side of Jal Binayak Temple. The left side hillock is also thought to have caves, but it is not accessible. The Manjushree park is constructed on this hillock,
Page | 68 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Chovar ICD Draft Report about 50m under it, the caves run. At present there are about 5 openings, through which the cave is accessible. The cave is a well known site and a guided tour is available for visitors. The mapping of the caves were not available and people do not consider that the cave could continue southwards to Jal Binayak Temple or towards the proposed ICD site (~400m from the caves) – which are very near to the Bagmati River flow levels. During consultations, people have not voiced any concern about the possibility of continuation of the caves towards the Jal Binayak Temple and proposed ICD site. Manjushree Statue and Park The Jal Binayak Community Forest Users Group has organized and gathered resources to build a stone-statue of Manjushree Park, which will be 10 m in height. At present the concrete foundation has been constructed and an information board with its details have been posted.
The site is on the hillock, north of ICD site, and on the way to the ICD site about 500m from the ICD site, and the ICD does not obstruct its views, since it is situated in a hillock.
Cremation Site One cremation siteexists in the right bank of Bagmati River, 75m south of Jal Binayak Temple and 25m from ICD site‟s northern boundary wall. An access to the cremation site exists along the northern boundary of the ICD. The Project construction activities or operation, does not affect the cremation sites or its access, and the area is separate from any interference. Other Sites Recreational Park A newly operational amusement and water park, (Whoopee Land Amusement and Water Park) came into operation in July 2016, which is a modern amusement water park, at a distance of approximately 1km north-western side from the proposed ICD at Chovar. It is built in an area of 3 hectares of land. The park is not affected by the construction or operation activities.
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Football Ground / Community Open Space A Community Open Space and Football Gorund exists within the space of the Jal Binayak Community Forest Block 1. Local people used this land for emergency evacuation during the April 2015 earthquake. The area of the open space is approximately 1609 m2 and is very near to the ICD site.
The ICD master plan has not proposed any structures on this land, and it will remain as an open space, even though the ownership of the land is under the NITDB.
Water Collection Site This area of Chovar has ample ground water supply and there an existing water spring. The private companies have installed bore wells for collecting water. The raw water is filtered through pressuerised sand filter columes and in average 130 tankers collect water daily, amounting to collection of 900,000 lit. per daily.
The site near the ICD site, adjacent to the community open space. The ICD Project works does not directly affect the collection of water from this site, but the water tankers will lose their parking space, once the ICD construction starts, because the water tankers are at present parking their trucks at and around the gate of ICD site. So the water supply companies will need to better manage their parking areas for their water tankers. The supply of water to the near by communities, from this site is, not considered to be affected due to parking space reduction.
Fruits and Floriculture Wholesale Market
The Ministry of Agricultural Development (MoAD), under its Project for Agriculture Commercialization and Trade (PACT) Projecthas started the construction of a new international-standard wholesale market for fruits and flowers facilities, including parking, stalls and other services, on approx. 1.1 Ha. of land (at premises of former Agriculture Input Office) at Chovar, with assistance from the World Bank. The site is only 200m from the Chovar ICD site.
The construction started in March 2017 but its exact completion and operation date is not known, but is expected to come into operation within 2019. After the facilities come into operation, all the vehicles to and from the centre, will be using the Balkhu – Dakshinkali Road, the same road that ICD vehicles will be using. Thus, with its operation of both the centres (ICD and Fruits and Floriculture Wholesale Market), the vehicular load on the Balkhu – Dakshinkali Road is expected to be drastically increased.
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5.4.9 Other Social Infrastructure Facilities and their Status Health and Sanitation Situation There arenoneformal health facilities located in project site or in the indirect impact zone except a local medical clinic in the village. All the residents of Bhutkhel settlement depends on health facilities in Kirtipur or in Kathmandu and Lalitpur.
The whole area had greatly suffered from the severe dust and noise pollution during the period of cement factory operation during the 1990s. Older people are still found to have chronic respiratory problem due to dust pollution.
Sanitary condition of the area is not too satisfactory. Some people have toilets that are connected to their private safety tanks. Surface water is not properly managed at most of the places.
Education Status The people of theProject area people, namely the Bhutkhel Town, have varying levels of educational status, according to the socio-economic status of households. Around 75% are literate, and 60 percent of the males and 40 percent of females have Secondary level of education.
In the Bhutkhel Town, there are about 300 numbers of school going pupils. There is one primary school inside the town, where children upto the age of 8 go. Older pupils go to schools in Taudaha, Adinath, Parphing, and Kirtipur areas.
Water Supply The people of Bhutkhel, have piped water supply for some years during 1980/90, when a ground water reservoir and pipes were laid within the town. But presently, the population have increased two folds, so the supply and renovation of the water distribution system has not taken place. Of the 285 households in Bhutkhel, 50% have individual private swallow wells, and 40% have hand-pumps or rower pumps, and use ground water for domestic purposes. The remaining households who do not have private pumps use the well or pumps from neighbours. Some people buy tanker supplied water. The area has high ground water table, so water can be easily extracted.
Near the town, there is a water collection site, where private commercial company collect and extract underground water for commercial selling through tanker water services.
Cooking Energy More than fifty percent of the households of Bhutkhel use L.P. Gas and some agri-based households also use dried husks etc. as fuel. Electricity is also used as cooking sources of energy available.
Market Centres Besides small shops with everyday commodities, there are no market places, within the Bhutkhel town. People bring commodities from Kirtipur or Kathmandu. People also consume home grown vegetables and fruits.
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Electricity and Communication All households are connected to electricity and land-line telecommunication in the Bhutkhel area.
Transportation The Balkhu - Dakshinkali road is the main road that passes alongside the Bhutkhel settlement area. Public buses ply from city centre towards Dakshinkali, so the area is not disconnected to Kathmandu.
Recently the Department of Road, under the Roads Improvement Project (RIP) has commenced the widening and improving of the F022 Balkhu - Dakshinkali Road to two-lane standard, which is due to complete soon. In addition, the Balkhu to Chovar section has been proposed for four-land standard by the Roads Widening Project of the Government, of which Balku to TU Gate has already been widened to four-land standard. If the 4-lane road is constructed upto Chovar, the vehicular movement for the containerised vehicles will be much easier. However, the ICD Master Plan has proposed road of 4 lanes at the ICD site, after realignment of 260m road length to avoid one road bend. In addition, the Master Plan has also included one additional road lane, as a lane to be used by the containerized trucks, before that enter the ICD. The entire road width will be within the 30m ROW.
Agriculture The Bhutkhel area‟s western sides, beyond the settlement areas, are agricultural lands, at a distance of approximately 200m, in the western side of ICD, and are very fertile land for paddy, maize, wheat and soyabean and seasonal vegetable, even though commercial farming has not developed. People have now started farming of mushroom and tomatoes in plastic tunnel green houses, for better commercial benefits. Agriculture production is not expected to be affected by the construction and operatio of this Project.
Occupation Status Agricultural is the main source of employment for the majority of household‟s population of Bhutkhel town, followed by household retail shop business, remittance and private or public services. Till 2002, some people were engaged in the Himal Cement Factory, as skilled workers, but after its stoppage, they have changed their jobs.
Effect of April 2015 Earthquake The effect of April 2015 Earthquake is still noticeable in the Bhutkhel settlement. 29% or 82 household owners reported that their houses were structurally affected by the earthquake. 105 households reported that they built a temporary shed and lived for over 6 months in temporary sheds within their own house stead.
There was however no fatalities reported due to earthquake. And 19 injuries needing hospitalization were reported. Details public consultation was held with the 16 families residing inside the proposed ICD area on March 21, 2017 who were living around the pre- quarter premises of formal Himal Cement Factory after the after devastating earthquake in April 2015.
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Temporary Settlement of Earthquake Affected Families
There are presently 16 families still living in temporary sheds built by CGI sheets, in the premises of former Himal Cement Factory‟s StaffQuarter Area, because they are not still able to build back their own house and move back.
During the discussion with these families, it was understood that they had limited lands where they could shift and faced financial difficulties. Therefore, they requested for few more time for shifting. They have agreed to shift from the project area before implement the project.
Photo 5.13: Temporary dwelling made after the earthquake
The name of the householdheads and the detail has been presented as in Annex IV – Table J-1. 5.4.10 Directly Project Affected People The Chovar ICD Project does not need to acquire any additional land for construction of any of its facilities and all infrastructure and facilities are constructed within the land owned by the Government of Nepal, which has been reverified by the decision made by the Minstrel Cabinet meeting dated 13 Oct. 2017.
5.4.11 People’s perception about the Project Project area people were widely consulted about the ICD project plans. The consultation processes and details are given in Sec 3.3.3 of Chapter 3.
During the formal and informal meetings with local people and representatives, they have raised their issues regarding the environment and social issues. People showed their positive attitude towards the project. Project area‟s land is owned by the Proponent NITDB, so land compensation issues is not raised, but some people claim that some portions of their land was not compensated when the Himal Cement Factory was constructed in 1970s.
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The Project Proponent NITDB has agreed to deal with the public‟s concerns and settle the issue amicably. The majority of local people have welcomed the proposal of ICD Project and the social enhancement efforts proposed by the Project.
The following is the summary of the people‟s perception about the Project:
Bhutkhel Area Chovar Area Total Total people interviewed 113 90 203 Total People supporting 75 66% 65 72% 140 69% the Project Total People not 24 21% 15 17% 39 19% supporting the Project Total People who 8 7% 7 8% 15 7% expressed neutrality Total People who expressed reservation to 6 5% 3 3% 9 4% response Source: Field Study, 2016-17
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Chapter 6 IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
This Chapter identifies the potential environmental impacts associated with the Project‟s activities. All the environmental impacts that have been predicted during the Scoping stage and identified during the study stage has been categorically analyzed and assessed based on characteristics of existing condition and sensitivity of environmental components (physical, biological, socio-economic & cultural environment). The beneficial impacts due to Project implementation are discussed for Project Construction phase and Project Operation phase. Then after, likely adverse impacts are analyzed and elaborated in detail, with their potential impact level and evaluation of significance of the impact on the surrounding environment – for all identified impacts.
6.1 BENEFICIAL IMPACTS
Several benefits arise from the Project during its construction phase and operation phase. There can be various beneficial impacts due to implementation of the proposed project and its operation. Apart from the need to mitigate the adverse impacts of the proposed project, the comparatively large issues with the implementation of the project will foster the local communities and environment with numerous beneficial impacts like area development and socio-economic development. In this way, local people, private sector, and interested stakeholders have large opportunities to build up, enhance such positive impact of the project for their well being. EIA Study will analyze the extent of these beneficial impacts. Some of these priority issues includes, which are listed in the order of priority as per the findings from scoping exercise for Identification of significant environmental Issues to be considered by EIA study are as follows.
6.1.1 During Construction Stage 1. Generation of Employment opportunities and Increase in Income The immediate beneficial impacts form this Project become apparent in the construction phase. Depending on the demographic and socio-economic setting, there will be various employment opportunities for the local population. As the project works start requiring labors, it is likely that the locals will prefer to work in these projects to get working opportunities. During construction, employment for large numbers of unskilled and skilled labors will be generated at the Project site where construction works are underway. The Project shall provide adequate skill development training for masonry works and carpentering to increase the skills of local work candidates.
2. Increase in income of local people through opportunity to work and activities The construction activities will not only increase the income sources of the local people, but will open opportunities for additional businesses such as the establishment of local tea stalls and small eateries and shops. Also the established tea stalls and shops will foster their business with the influx of construction workers in the Project area. Local residents can take advantage of these new opportunities by expanding their existing local industries and establishing new ones. The consumption of local products such as vegetables, dairy products and meat products will significantly increase which directly create the opportunities for new income generation activities. As a result, a significant amount of cash from the
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Project works will be channeled into the local economy and will generally foster the development of other micro-enterprises.
3. Technical skills and capacity enhancement of locals This ICD Project has propose the maximum use of local people for construction works lies in the unique chances for the transfer of skills and technical knowledge in construction and related technical sectors. Considerable number of employed work forces will convert themselves into fully skilled labourers in works such as masonry, gabion wires weaving, construction of dry and foundation walls, building construction etc. These skills will not only benefit the locals by providing long-term employment opportunity but also contribute to local human resource development in Project areas that otherwise have restricted opportunities.
4. Promotion of trade and business ICD construction requires different levels of human resource from skilled, semi-skilled to unskilled all of which might not be sufficiently available from local areas. Therefore, in order to fulfil the demand of human resource, people from outside of the region also come to the construction sites. These people will have to depend on the local market for their basic needs which will increase trade and business of the area. Demand of rice, pulses, vegetables, milk, meat, fruits etc. will increase. In general, the enterprises includes but is not limited to food and tea shops, groceries, lodges and restaurants for serving small number of people. This will have significant impact on local rural economy and may help reduce rural poverty.Such benefits may even exceed the construction period and can be seen in places around the Chovar around the project sites.
6.1.2 During Operation Stage 1. Economic Benefit There will be increased in economic activity in the vicinity around the Project area, and the locals can take advantage by initiating businesses around the ICD area.The local people along with projected affected people can get economic benefit during the project construction period such as employment opportunity, establishment of small types of grocery shop or tea shop etc. Similarly, locals are likely to be involved in various income generation activities including construction of the project. There will be increased in economic activity in the vicinity around the Project area, and the locals can take advantage by initiating businesses around the ICD area and IEV area.
2. Industrial Development It is likely that the area will develop into industrial areas due to proximity of freight station and accessibility. Establishment and operation of various kinds of cottage and small-scale industries including large-scale industries will further generate employment opportunity to the locals. Implementation of industrial development subprojects at different locations of the project will increase due to the implementation of this project. Locals are likely to be involved into the trade and business activities of various forms generating livelihood at local level increasing income.
3. Increase land value The area near the project will be of very high significance because the land near project can be used to establish offices, shops and restaurants which will serve the increased number of
Page | 76 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Chovar ICD Draft Report people who do business in the ICD. This activity will likely uplift the economic condition of the local people. Measures to enhance benefit would be to promote land development activities and control of encroachment within project area.
6.2 ADVERSE IMPACTS
Environmental Impacts anticipated during the Project construction and operation phase on Physical, Biological, Socio-economic and Cultural Environment are discussed in this section. The major activities during construction phase are site clearance, earthworks, stockpiling and soil disposal and other civil works etc. Civil works and other activities will create dust, noise and vibration rendering likely impact on the surrounding environment. Clearance of trees in the project areas will be Biological issues relate to the implementation of the Project. Similarly social issues such as land and its compensation and resettlement related issues will also be significant during pre-construction and construction phases.
Following are the List of anticipated adverse environmental impacts, identified during EIA Study process, and discussed in detail for all three project stages (pre-construction, construction and operation), in this Chapter, hereunder. a) PHYSICAL ISSUES Pre-Construction Issues Impact due to the Demolition activities of existing Cement Factory Increased dust emission and noise pollution Occupational health and safety, Environmental health and safety hazard and risk of accidents in and around project area. Increase in traffic volume during transfer of debris Impact and risks associated with haphazard disposal of excess demolished material
Construction Stage Impacts on air, noise and water quality due to construction activities Impactsdue to originating from solid wastes, soil waste & Liquid waste generation Impacts / issues on Top Soil and Soil Contamination during construction work Impact of chemical, toxic and non-toxic materials upon Environment Camp operation and temporary settlement Impacts due to slope instability of embankment area and due to slope instability, landslide, erosion of soil Impacts due to incorrect disposal of excess excavated earth material Impacts on surrounding river environment due to construction activities Impacts due to Drainage, Sewage System into nearby water bodies (Bagmati River). Impact/Issues of OHS due to Construction Activities Impact/Issues due to operation of Asphalt concrete plant/hot mix plant Impact/Issues due to operation of Batching plant. Issues related to disposal of spoil and disposal site Impact due to plying of construction vehicles.
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Supply chain impacts for the major source materials for construction (e.g. stone, sand, aggregate,bricks etc.)
Operation Stage Air pollution due to Traffic exhaust gas on the area Noise Pollution from the increased numbers of traffic vehicles to nearby local residents and to visitors of the adjacent cultural and recreational sites. Impact due to generated Solid Waste Impact due to Generation of Toxic waste, Lubricant, Oil, Grease from Vehicle Workshop Issues related to Vehicle Speed and Safety to local residents and pedestrians and traffic congestion Issues related to sewer disposal and surface runoff Potential risks to the project site from river erosion or flooding, including with consideration of future climate change Traffic congestion due to the high volume of the vehicles, Indirect and induced impacts of increased traffic, noise, air emission, solid waste and sewerage generation and stress on local potable water sources due to induced development around the project area.
b) BIOLOGICAL ISSUES Construction Stage Permanent loss of Trees of the Project Area Impact/ issues due to the disturbance to the species of flora and fauna around the Project area Indirect impact to nearby forest area degradation and possible loss of vegetation for timber and fuel wood by construction labours
Operation Stage Impact on flora and fauna of the project area Pressure on forest resources, gradual encroachment and loss of forest resources. Impact on natural habitat by fragmentation of the forest area.
c) SOCIO-ECONOMIC ISSUES Pre- Construction Stage Impact due to Relocation of Physical Facilities Impact due to arrangement/ management of material Storage sites Impact due to traffic and accident in and around the project area
Construction Stage Occupational health, and safety of workers - Occupation health and safety condition of labor and locals on site during construction - Issues related with community health. - Works safety issues during construction works
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- Safety issues due to handling, transporting, storing and use of toxic and combustible materials - Gender involvement and Child labour during construction - Issues related to traffic and accidents Impact due to Outside Workers - Possible social conflict and social pollution; impact on social, cultural and religious practices due to in-migration of people - Impact due to pressure on social service facilities such as drinking water, school, health post etc. by influx of construction workers - Degradation of sanitation and hygiene conditionin and around the project area.
Operation Stage Risk of increase in local road accidents and safety of the area Impact on livelihood based on sale and transport of various products from the local area. Impacts due to increase population pressure, change in social behavior with influx of outsider/divers risk of degradation of sanitation and hygiene condition of the area Risk of Trafficking and prostitution, consumption and import of alcoholic products could increase because of heavy flow of migrants.
d) CULTURAL ISSUES Construction Phase Risk of Impact(Dust, Noise and Vibration) on cultural, religious and archaeological sites which the public have attached sentiments
Operational Phase Impacts / issues due to cultural conflicts due to in-migration of people from outside the area, due to economic opportunities at Project areas Risk of Impact (Air, Noise, traffic) on cultural, religious and archaeological sites to which the public have attached sentiments Impact on the tourism sectors.
e) CUMULATIVE ISSUES/IMPACTS Sustainability of the project from the social perspective Increase in Noise andAir pollution in the project area Road safety and traffic volume will increase Urbanization of the surrounding area due to implementation of the project together with other planned and likely future developments in the area Increase in population, economic activities and price of land due to project together with other planned and likely future developments in the area Gradual change in land use patterns of the surrounding areas of the project, decrease in agricultural practice in the surrounding area, and increased degradation of local forests resources, lands and water resources like Bagmati River.
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Requiring more sub project investments in the future for the protection of the environment of the area.
6.2.1 Impact during Pre-construction and Preparation Phase Physical Environment Demolition of former Himal Cement Factory is underway and expected to be finished within Feb. 2018.The effect of dust, noise and air pollution does not affect the local people in the surrounding areas.
After the completion of the demolition, the entire area will be levelled and compaction will be undertaken. Dust emission will be a major concern and dust arresting measures, such as sprinkling of water will be employed by the contractor of works.
Biological Environment 400 standing trees will be cut down, which are available within the proposed project area. These trees are now providing a natural barrier to the activities inside the former Himal Cement Factory.
Socio-economic and Cultural Environment Major issues arising from socio-economic and cultural environment are minimal.
In these project there should be no acquisition of land because land where the activities of the Project is intended belonged to the former Himal Cement Factory and has been transferred to the ownership of GON.
A decision made by the Cabinet of Ministry on 2017/10/13 which stated that all the land of former Himal Cement Factory that were yet to be transferred to ownership of Government of Nepal has been now transferred to the ownership of GON. Thus, the issue of private/unidentified land plot, has been nullified.
However, the former Himal Cement Land has legacy issues, due to which, if any additional issues emerges in future, the Government will settle the matter amicably under prevailing rules, regulations and Acts.
There is no direct impact envisaged upon the cultural resources like Jal Binayak Temple, Manjushree Park and Manjushree Cave but impact will be indirect to these resources like dust and noise pollution due to the demolition activities.
In this phase, traffic will be disturbed and recreational visitor will also face some sort of problems.
6.2.2 Adverse Impacts during Construction Phase 6.2.2.1 Adverse Impacts in Physical Environment
Change in land use Changes of land use due to the ICD project is not a major concern, as the Project is proposed within the boundaries of its NITDB-owned land area, which was formerly used as an industrial facility. No additional public or private land is proposed to be acquired for
Page | 80 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Chovar ICD Draft Report construction of the facilities of ICD. The NITDB-owned land can be categorised into mainly two plots of land – first plot of the land is where the former Cement Factory and officers‟ quarters existed (10.28 Ha.), and second plot of land in the hillock area, north of the former Cement Factory at a distance of 750m, from where the limestone required for the cement factory used to be quarried. This second plot of land of approximately 5.8 Ha. area, is detached from the main ICD-proposed area and is barren at present. The proposed ICD Master Plan has proposed its facilities only in the first plot of land (where the former Cement Factory use to exist). However, additional to the main facilities for ICD, the Master Plan as also annexed two facilities with the second plot of land, that includes, an office building for the NITDB office, and an officers‟ quarter block. These two facilities have their detail designs completed, and NITDB has decided to contract out these two facilities to two contractors separately.
The impact of construction of ICD facilities and additional facilities, does not cause any issues in the land use pattern change for the Project area that could have impacts to the land in its vicinity.
Impacts on air, noise,vibration due to construction activities After the completion of site clearance works, the first main construction works consists of earthwork moving for levelling of ground, inside the ICD complex. In addition to major works inside ICD complex, the re-alignment of a section of Balkhu – Dakshinkali Road (approx.. 250m) consists of earthwork cutting, levelling and compaction works. The cutting, moving and levelling works is done using heavy equipment such as excavators, bulldozers and earth tippers.
During the handling of earth, dust emission and noise generation is expected. During soil compaction, vibrators will be used. It is expected that 5 sets of earthwork moving equipment will be used for a duration of 6 months for completion of the earthwork inside ICD complex and road re-alignment, surface levelling, and compaction works, out of total construction duration of 24 months. In addition to construction vehicles, equipment such as generators, compressors and pumps are the sources of air, noise pollution and vibration.
The adverse impacts of dust emission, noise pollution and vibration will be experience by the residents of the Bhutkhel settlement, especially by the 22 households that face the roadside, opposite of the ICD construction site. However, since the activities are not confined to a small area, and is spread within a large area of 8 hectares, and the eastern side is open to the Bagmati River floodway, the wind direction is predominantly towards the river, away from the settlement side, thus, the dust emission and noise should not be above acceptable limits.
Asphalt Plant and Stone Crusher Plant that generate large noise and dusts, are not proposed to be installed inside the ICD construction site. However, concrete mixing plant (batching plant) may be installed by the contractor, which may produce noise and dusts.
During the soil compaction activity, vibration impacts to the settlement is expected to be within tolerable limits. There is no pile driving activities, so vibration is generated only from the vibrator equipment during soil compaction activity.
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After the re-alignment of the road section, if the road section is not black-topped, prior to opening to traffic, it will cause dust emission problem, to the users of the road and the surrounding settlement areas.
After the surfacing of the ICD area is complete, with 1 year of construction, the other construction works to be completed, will be the construction of main buildings, storage warehouses and other facilities. During the construction of these facilities, the air, noise, vibration etc. is expected to be only minimum.
Effect of Storage, stockpiling, disposal of excess material Construction materials such as soil, gravel, sand, aggregates etc. or excess material are usually stockpiled within the construction site. This may lead to blowing away of the dust particles. Heavy rain also can wash away the finer particles and pollute surface water. The Bagmati River and two small streams which are the tributaries of Bagmati River, can receive wash-out water from construction material stockpiled near these water bodies.
Impacts on nearby river environment and ground water due to construction activities Water is required in large quantities during construction works, such as, during compaction of the soil, during water spraying to control dust, during mixing of cement concrete and mortar, curing of concrete, cement plaster, cleaning of surfaces, etc. The water required water is available from the Bagmati River, and its use should not be a problem, because of its proximity to the construction site. For the use of river water, a sump well should be installed from where the water is to be pump in. A temporary tank would be installed to collect the water for its use. The water may be collected from the two small tributaries, one near the northern boundary and one at the southern boundaries, but the water quantity available is very low. So, impact due to use of river water and ground water will be minimum, if ground water will not be pumped for construction activities and only river water will be used.
Possibility of disturbance to natural drainage, leading to water logging, flooding and impacts or pressures on local potable water sources due to construction stage water requirements of project is considered to be insignificant.
However, the possibility of polluting the river through discharge of unclean, polluted water or effluents, exits. Direct discharge of effluents to the river, from labour camp toilets may is a possibility.
Impacts due to generation of different types of wastes inside the Construction Site At the construction site, mainly two types of wastes can be expected, namely, equipment generated waste, and construction material refuse wastes. Both these types of wastes will be generated in the ICD construction site.
Equipment / Vehicle Generated Wastes: During construction period, all construction related vehicles and equipments (trucks, bulldozers, vibrators, pavers, concrete mixers, generators, compressors, etc.) will stay inside
Page | 82 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Chovar ICD Draft Report the construction premises, within the contractor‟s equipment yard. The vehicles and mechanical equipments will be regularlycleaned, and small repairs, maintenance, is also likely to take place. In addition, fuel and oil, grease etc. will also be placed and used therein. While replacing of engine oil, gear box and break lubricants, and filling of fuel, spillage cannot be avoided. These spilled toxic chemicals, if not collected properly or handled properly will find its way to the nearby drains, then to the river waters. Or the spilled substances may be absorbed into the floor. In both the case, the river water is directly polluted or the ground water is polluted due to these spilled over substances.
Over the construction duration of 2 years, non-management of equipment generated wastes, within equipment yards may a significant issue that needs to be addressed by the contractor.
Construction Material refuse waste: In the construction site, wastage / spillage of construction chemical substances such as epoxy, gypsum, additives, admixtures, cements, bitumen, acids, etc. is inevitable. All these substances are hazardous materials. These substances may be spilled from damaged container during transit, leakages in storage places, unused or left over substances, etc. Improper handling of these substances will cause direct effects to the workers who are handling these substances, or to the surroundings, by possible wash outs or soil absorption etc. Some substances such as bitumen, acids may be volatile and fire hazards may be possible.
Incineration of construction refuse, etc. Construction materials refuse, such as packaging, cement bags, used engine oil, lubricants, used tyres, and other waste materials, may be incinerated in an unhygienic condition, which may lead to excessive air pollution.Pollution due to mis-handling of chemicals including fuel, lubricants, oil, acid, cement, bitumen, paints, etc. during construction works is possible. Similarly, use of combustibles and toxic materials during construction works may cause hazards. Unmanaged sanitary waste disposal creating the impact on health problems and public nuisance, is also a possibility.
Impact due to plying of construction vehicles The construction period is expected to be two years. Within this period, heavy construction vehicles, that have to transport material, will ply the Balkhu-Dakshinkali road. Even though construction vehicles such as bulldozers, excavators, vibrators, do not regularly ply on the road, once they are within the construction site, other vehicles such as tankers, tripper, loaders are entering and exiting frequently during the construction period. There is no alternative road for these heavy vehicles to ply, so they will have to take the Balkh- Dakshinkali road, which is the only road that the residents of Chovar, Bhutkhel, Pharping, Dakshinkali residents use.
It is estimated that during peak construction period, in average 30 to 50 vehicles are likely to enter and exit the site, per day at peak working season. These construction vehicles are will cause hindrance and safety concerns to local pedestrian of Chovar and Bhutkhel area. This is a major concern for the residents of the Bhutkhel area.
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The local vehicles that ply along Balkhu – Dakshinkali road is approximately 1671 vehicles per day (both directions) and come into direct contact, while the construction vehicles at exiting from the construction site and heading towards Balkhu, Kathmandu.
The Balkhu – Chovar section of Balkhu – Dakshinkali road is nearing completion of widening to two-lane by the Departments of Roads, which has eased the vehicular movement in this route. So a major traffic congestion is not expected due to narrow roads. But, the private water tankers which come to collect water from the private water collection points (nearly 130 nos. per day) will meet with construction vehicles, entering and exiting from the construction site.
The construction vehicles of smaller sizes, such a mini-trucks, may want to take a route from Chovar – Jal Binayak – Bhaisepati – Ring Road, which is shorter than Balkhu – Chovar route, but this route should not be allowed for transport of construction material, due to its narrow width, high grade, and nuisance to visitors of Jal Binayak Temple and local people.
Supply chain impacts for the major source materials for construction (e.g stone, sand, aggregate,bricks etc.) The construction of Chovar ICD consists of paving of approximately 76,000 m2 of land. It is estimated that concrete volume of approximately 20,000 m3 will be required. Additional concrete will be required for construction of Office buildings, Warehouses and other facilities.
Cement, sand and aggregates are the major materials for the concreting works. Approximately, 7,500 MT of cement (150,000 bags of 50 kg), 17,600 m3 of aggregates, and 9,000 m3 of sand will be required for concrete works only.
Cement will be transported from factories outside Kathmandu. Aggregate and sand is of major concern, which is required in large quantities, within a short period of construction time. One candidate site is from Mahadev Besi, of Dhading district, which is approximately 21 km from Kathmandu. Another site is from Bhakunde Besi, in the eastern side of Kathmandu Valley, at about 30 km. Demand of large quantities of aggregate and sands, is likely to cause material scarcity and a rise in its market price.
Similarly, stone, gravel, bricks etc. are also required in considerable volumes. So timely availability of all the construction material, will be a factor to be considered while the Project scheduling is being prepared.
Issues related to Labour Camp operation and temporary settlement
Disturbances to Local residents The outside workers are expected to be working for the Contractor. However, the Contractor will establish a Labour Camp inside the ICD complex. The outside labours, during non- working hours, may roam around the settlement areas, for leisure or marketing. During such periods, the local people may experience disturbances in their daily life and may create a sense of insecurity to the local people.
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Labour Camp Generated Solid waste disposal issues Operation of labour camps can cause significant impact upon ambient environment if camp operation will not planned in advance. The main issues of concern are unmanaged disposal of solid and liquid wastes into watercourses, natural drains and improper disposal of storm water and black water in the cultivated land and village areas existed in the chainages.
Occupational health and safety of workers As labour forces are required to undertake various types of works, from hazardous materials handling, heavy equipment operations, tree felling, transporting and translocation of heavy construction materials etc. they will be prone to various risks and health hazards. Long exposure to smoke and dust, pose health problems such as respiratory problems and eye diseases. Similarly, skin burning, hand and foot cement-bitten and bitumen works is also possible among workers. Accidents due to vehicular impact during pavement construction works, and fall from height during erection of still truss structures are possible. Fire hazard is also present at material and fuel storage sites.
6.2.2.2 Adverse Impacts in Socio-economic and Cultural Environment during Construction Phase
i. Impact due to Outside Workers in the Settlement Areas
Possible social conflict and social pollution; impact on social, cultural and religious practices due to outside workers Contractors tend to employ a set of labours that have worked with them in the past and been trained by them, and have confidence that they will work as per their schedule, rules and benefits etc. The locally available labours may not be sufficient in number nor trained properly, so the contractors tend to employ workers from outside the Project area. This, in turn, may cause conflicts between outside workers and local people. Conflicts may rise due to the outside workers‟ insensitivities towards the local customs, norms and religion, harassments, alcoholism, prostitution, spread of STDs, sharing of resources like firewood or drinking water etc.
The severity of the impact due outside workers will be dependenton the numbers of outside labours working and their location of residence. In the construction of the ICD project, depending on the nature of the works, 50 to 100 labours are expected to be working, for a period of 1.5years.
Pressure on public facilities and consumables Influx of outside workers (up to 100 workers are expected during peak work season), may result in additional pressure on existing facilities such as potable water. If large numbers of outside workers arrive, locally available food such as cereal, vegetables and poultry etc. may be high in demand, causing high hikes. The market price hike would adversely effect the local people as well. Potable water is available inside the ICD premises, so conflict due to water is not anticipated. But market price may be affected by the increased demand of the outside workers.
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Degradation of sanitation and hygiene condition Outside workers may not be sensitive on sanitation and hygiene, causing some fear of spreading water borne diseases.
Gender related issues and child labor issues during construction During construction, different kind of worker are involved according to their skilled. Women workers are also likely to be involved in various kinds of construction activities. Wage rate discrimination or sexually harassment may also be prevalent. In addition, child labour might also be an issue at construction sites.
ii. Impact to Visitors of Jal Binayak Temple
Jal Binayak Temple is a popular religious place, which is situated at a distance of approximately 260 m from the Chovar ICD Project area, at the northern side. About two hundred people visit the Temple daily on normal days, and on special religious days up to a thousand people the Temple. ICD complex site boundary wall is only separated by a narrow streamfrom the Temple (at a radial distance of 45m from the Temple‟s boundary wall). Toward the ICD project site, from the Temple side, there is row of tall trees, (Kangyo trees, of 25m ht.), which act as a natural barrier from dust and visual barrier as well, which will not be cut down during construction.
The road through Jal Binayak Temple should be restricted to be used by construction material vehicles so the effects of construction vehicles will not be felt by the temple visitors, which is one of the demands put by the local people.
A separate road connects Chovar to a cremation site (along the right bank of the stream, adjacent to ICD boundary wall) which will not be affected during construction and operation phase. Further, this road to cremation site is proposed to be maintained and improved, so that a funeral vehicle can easily reach the cremation site. This provision is made under the Jal Binayak Temple Area Improvement Plan.
6.2.3 Possible Environmental Impacts Related to Project Operation Phase The ICD Complex is expected to come into operation immediately after its completion of construction works, through the NITDB. Container trucks are expected to come in directly to the ICD complex for checking and custom clearances. During the operation of the ICD complex, the following impacts are expected in the environmental and social aspects.
Impact on Physical Environment i. Impact on air, noise, vibration during operation During ICD Project operation, impact on air, noise and vibration is expected. Large numbers of freight vehicles, such as container trucks, open trucks, reach-stacker, and other vehicles will be circulating within the ICD area. The Project is scheduled to come into operation from 2020, and at the start of the operation period, it is expected that 170 container trucks will be entering the Exim side of the ICD. Open trucks that transfer goods, will be 250 in total for Exim side and domestic side. At an Exim side, a reach-stacker vehicle will be also be in operation, to unload the container and stack it at the container stacking yard and to re-load
Page | 86 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Chovar ICD Draft Report in containers into trucks. The ICD has an area where the trucks are parked until they finish their business.
This number is expected to rise, annually, and is expected to reach approximately 685 in 2025, 872 in 2030, 1125 in 2035 and 1384 in 2039 (which is the end of design year). Within the ICD, it is expected that each vehicle will be in motion or idling for a period between 30 to 45 minutes, and at other times, it will be at rest.
The emission of exhaust depends on the vehicle‟s age, fuel type used etc. On average, it is found that a truck emits 144gm/hr of NOx, 8224 gm/hr of CO2. (at 3.10 l/hr of diesel consumption). With this assumption, a total of 45 Kg of NOx and 2,591 Kg of CO2, is expected to be released per day within the ICD area of approximately 7 Ha.
The effect of these truck exhaust to the ambient air quality in the larger area‟s context is not expected to be severe, but in the micro level, within the immediate vicinity, it will have effects to people who constantly work in this environment for a longer period of time. The settlement areas are at a distance of about 100 to 200m from the main ICD site, and 50 to 100m from the additional parking area.
In addition to the air pollution due from vehicular exhaust inside the ICD and parking areas, the exhaust emitted during its queuing time prior to entry and during exiting, to the settlement areas, especially to the row-houses along the road side, will be much more. Approximately 1 heavy vehicle passing every 2 to 3 minutes, will cause air and sound pollution to the immediate settlement at road side at Bhutkhel, Chovar area.
The ICD area is expected to be in operation throughout the night time also. So the sound pollution and vibration will be a major issue to the settlement of Bhutkhel area.
ii. Impact on air, noise, vibration, visual on surrounding Cultural Areas during operation The Chovar‟s surrounding cultural and recreational area in the vicinity of the ICD site are JalBinayak Temple, Manjushree Park and caves. There is a cremation site, near the Jal Binayak Temple (about 65m from Temple boundary) and about 25 m from the boundary wall of the ICD.
During operation of the site at daytime, the air, noise and vibration effects to the visitors of these areas is expected to be minimum, since the site of sources of noise, vibrations are approximately 220m from the ICD site.
In addition, a row of natural trees, block the direct view of the ICD site. The vehicular exhaust is unlikely to be blown towards the Temple areas, as shown by the wind flow direction, which is blown toward south-east direction (resultant bearing at 1650), so the overall effects of ICD operation will be insignificant.Some noise, during nighttime, can be expected to be heard from the Temple area.
However, vehicular traffic, if they are allowed to ply the Chovar – Bhaisepati road, through the Temple area, will pose pollution, and safety concerns to the Temple and park visitors, during daytime. At present, all vehicles can ply this road. So, it is recommended that this road should restrict heavy construction vehicles.
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iii. Impacts on nearby river environment and ground water during operation The entire ICD area will be paved and rain water will not percolate directly underground. The entire rain water that falls within the ICD will be collected in the network of surface drains. The drains will be connected to the underground rain water recharging wells. The overflow or excess water will be discharged into the Bagmati River.
Grey water from toilets will not be discharged into the Bagmati River. Similarly, washing, cleaning or maintenance of vehicles inside the ICD is not allowed, so direct discharge of effluents into the river water system is not allowed.
iv. Impacts due to generation of different types of wastes inside the ICD Site, during operation During operation, vehicle generated and other wastes are possible inside the ICD site:
Equipment / Vehicle Generated Wastes: After the ICD comes into operation, all cleaning and/or maintenance of the container and trucks will be strictly prohibited inside the ICD, so no such repair / maintenance workshops are situated inside the ICD. Only accidental spillage is expected occasionally.
Other Waste: During transporting and handling of goods, breakage, spillage of goods will be likely. The spillage during rainy seasons may cause more problem, since it may be conveyed to the water systems.
Fire Hazard ICD area is a fire prone area because of a large number of combustible goods that may be stored in the Warehouses, and in containers. Electrical or other causes may ignite fire, more probably in warehouses at are situated in Exim side and Domestic sides of the ICD. In addition, parking areas may also be prone to fire hazards, due to spillage of oils, lubricants and fuel.
In the design of ICD complex, adequate fire fighting infrastructures are proposed and installed. Whereas, during construction stage, the Contractor should be responsible for taking proper measures for avoiding fire related hazards.
v. Impact due to plying of heavy vehicles to and from ICD Site The single most important issue of ICD operation, regarding its impacts, is related to the vehicles that enter and exit the ICD site, using the Balkhu – Dakshinkali Road. As discussed above, the Balkhu – Dakshinkali Road is a major road that connects Kathmandu to southern town of Hetauda and further towards the Indian border. While entering the ICD, the vehicles enter through Gate 1, 2 or 3, situated all in the same left-side, so the entering would not cause nuisance, while the vehicles come from Balkhu towards Chovar. However, when the vehicles exit, and have to move towards Balkhu, they will have to right-turn, and so have to cross with the normal traffic. The freight vehicles that transport goods to and from ICD are longer vehicles, of 20 feet or 40 feet containers, and need more turning space. So, there is a possible danger of conflict with the normal traffic that ply on this road.
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The ICD is situated in the close vicinity of the Bhutkhel settlement, and pedestrian safety is also a major concern. From the drivers‟ point of view, to avoid the danger of pedestrian collision, so use of horns will be more, which affects on the peacefulness of the area. If the heavy vehicles are installed with pressure-horns, the noise is even more.
Another road safety issue also exits. Prior to reaching to ICD site, when travelling from Balkhu towards Chovar, after crossing over the hillock of Adhinath, the road makes a sharp bend, and is sloped at a steep grade of about 7%. The traffic move at a higher speed due to downward slope, and have to take a turn also. The sight distance for the driver is less, so the curved-area is an accident prone area. When heavy freight vehicles ply this road, there will be a physiological fear on pedestrians. Also while going toward Balkhu, the climbing vehicles, have to move in a lower gear emitting more exhaust and noise.
The entire road length, are without street lightings, so the dangers of road accident is increased at nighttime.
The traffic related problems is expected to be highly reduced, after the construction of the Outer Ring Road and Kathmandu – Terai Expressway, since both of these road come to close vicinity of the ICD site. However, their finalization and construction date is not yet finalized.
vi. Impact due to Generation of Toxic waste, Lubricant, Oil, Grease from Vehicle Workshop In future, after the ICD comes into operation, private mechanical workshops for heavy vehicle maintenance and cleaning will also be established at the vicinity of the project area. The major probable locations to establish such workshops are mainly around ICD area due to large area of land. Direct disposal of chemical wastes from workshop might cause health hazards to the downstream water users and impact on the surrounding river system. The direct dispose of chemicals to such natural drainage further produce significant adverse environmental impacts affecting irrigated lands and major water bodies at the downstream of nearby rivers. Leakage of lubricants, petrol, chemicals and paints during transportation, storage and daily use of such material likely to be carried away by rain which could also contribute in water pollute.
vii. Issues related to High Vehicle Speed and Area Safety Operation of the project area and plying of large number of vehicles into the area.Accidental loss of life and property is likely if well ventilation and lightning system and its sufficient backups will not be maintained properly during the time of operation of this project. Lack of required traffic signals including other enhancement measures will likely to lead in the number of accidents within the road.
Impacts on Biological Environment in Operation Phase i. Impact on flora and fauna, forest resources, natural habitat by fragmentation of the forest area of the project area In the operation of the Project activities, biological resources such as forest and wildlife are not likely to be affected. The forest conserved and maintained by Jal Binayak Community Forest will continue to be managed by the Agency and no harm in forest resources are
Page | 89 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Chovar ICD Draft Report expected. Wildlife in these forest areas are few and habitat fragmentation and depletion is not expected due to operation of the Project. During operation years, the ICD project could coordinate with the Community Forest Management Committee to safeguard and enhance its forest areas, such as by fencing the forest areas and periodic replantation within the forest areas.
Impact related to Socio – economic and Cultural Environment in Operation Phase i. Peripheral Growth and Development of Trade Related Activities, Business outlets, etc. in the vicinity of the ICD area After the ICD is operational, several other local businesses are likely to come up, in and around its vicinity. People will start these businesses, if they feel that they can sustain them. So, the surrounding areas of Bhutkhel, Chovar, Taudaha will gradually start to turn into commercial areas from the present residential and agricultural areas. Likely businesses that could develop in and around the ICD are :
Freight Forwarders Offices, Clearance Offices, Insurance Offices, Banks, Godowns, Warehouse, Stockyards Wholesale Markets Small and medium Factories Mechanical Workshops of Heavy Vehicles Automobile Parts retail shops Fuelling Pumps Hotels for Drivers / Helpers, Vehicles operators The likely impacts of these new peripheral developments will have both positive and adverse impacts. Appreciation of land value, opportunities for business for residents, employment, etc. can be taken as positive effects. Whereas, development of insecurities, social evils (alcoholism, prostitution, night life), loss of peacefulness, escalation of commodity prices, conversion of agriculturable land into other uses, etc. are adverse impacts due to these developments. After establishment of businesses such as mechanical workshops, warehouse, etc. it is likely that they will increase pollution of air, and water. For instance, surface water quality may be degraded due to uncontrolled leakages of oily substances. The non-existent sewer system would result in the turning of natural streams into open drains, that drain into the Bagmati River system. Moreover, the cultural face of Kirtipur, especially of Chovar area may be slowly get diluted. ii. Impact on cultural, religious and archaeological sites People of the Kirtipur, Chovar, Bhutkhel and Taudaha areas consider that these areas are important culturally and the centre of it are the Jal Binayak Temple, Manjushree gorge, caves and cremation site. The local residents who were culturally sensitive and aware were very dissatisfied to have a polluting cement factory, so close to these sites. After its discontinuation, they have a desire to bring back the cultural importance of the site. However, since the planning of the ICD has taken place, they are concerned about losing again the cultural importance of the area, even though the ICD site does not directly affect entire area. They feel that the entire area will develop into a more “mechanical area” with
Page | 90 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Chovar ICD Draft Report associated peripheral developments – rather than develop into a cultural, religious, archeological and recreational site.
Summary of the Evaluation of Impacts
The impacts discussed are mainly identified and predicted impacts. In general, direct impacts are identified and indirect impacts are predicted. These impacts are evaluated, hereunder, to know their environmental significance, taking into consideration their magnitude, extent and duration.
The environmental impacts are ranked either high, medium or low magnitude in the basis of judgmental evaluation of the impact vis-à-vis the nature and size of the project. Similarly, the impacts is categories into long-term, medium-term &short-term according to the impact‟s likely lasting duration due to the operation of the project.
Quantitative data, where possible has been collected and analysed. In the absence of quantitative data, the environmental study-team‟s experts‟ judgment has been used for determining the Magnitude- based primarily on experiences from similar projects. The allocation of scores for the Magnitude (High, Medium & Low), Extent (Regional, Local & Site- specific) and Duration (Long-term, Medium-term 7 Short-term) for each impact is done as per the National EIA Guidelines, 1993 and is included in Section 3.4.1.
The total scores of impacts of over 75 areas considered Very Significant; impacts having 50 to 75 are considered Significant; and impacts having total score of less than 50 are considered Insignificant for this Project. However, some of the impacts whose total score exceeds 50 may not be significant in view of the nature of the predicted impacts. Some impacts having less than 50 score could also be considered significant. For example, impacts likely to occur outside the project‟s core area and of indirect nature may not be significant although the total score exceeds 50.
The beneficial and adverse impacts on Physical, Biological, Social and economic and Cultural Environment due to implementation of the Proposed ICD Project during construction and operation phase has been predicted and prioritized on the following section.
There are series of adverse issues requiring corrective, compensatory, and preventive mitigation measures. Further analyses of the predicted impacts are observed into various sub-issues with site specific analyzes its location together with it magnitude and extent with the implementation of this project. Further attempts have been made to anticipate the occurrence of each impacts base of the result of various project components and activities.
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Table 6.1: Evaluation of Beneficial Impacts
Identified Possible Issues Impact Prediction Total Significance S.N. Type or Identification Score of Impact Predicted Magnitude Extent Duration Construction Phase Issues Generation of Site Medium HIGH Employment Specific Term Direct Very 1 opportunities to Identified 80 Reversible Significant locals and increase 60 10 10 of Income Increase in the Site Long HIGH income level of local Specific Term people through Direct Very 2 Identified 90 opportunity to work Reversible Significant 60 10 20 and income generation activities Technical skills and Site Long HIGH capacity Direct Specific Term Very 3 Predicted 90 enhancement of Irreversible Significant 60 10 20 locals Operation Phase Issues Long Direct HIGH Regional 140 Very 4 Economic benefit Identified Term Irreversible Significant 60 60 20 Industrial, Trade and Long Direct HIGH Regional 140 Very 5 Business Identified Term Irreversible Significant Development 60 60 20 Long Direct High Regional Very 6. Job opportunities Predicted Term 140 Irreversible Significant 60 60 20
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Adverse Environmental Impacts The adverse issues anticipated is summarized and presented in the Table 6.2. The issues, prior to mitigation, are listed hereunder.
Table 6.2: Evaluation of Adverse Issues
Identified or Impact Prediction Total Significance of SN Possible Issues Identification Project Components / Activities Type Predicted Magnitude Extent Duration Score Impact 1 Increased dust emission - Demolition of Cement factory Kiln, roofs, column Medium Site Specific Medium Term Occupational health and safety, and Structure Direct Identified 40 Insignificant 2 Environmental health and safety hazard - Demolition of existing Buildings Irreversible 20 10 10 and risk of accidents - Storage of demolition wastes before transportation Increase in traffic volume during transfer - Transfer of debris Indirect Medium Local Medium Term 3 Predicted 50 Significant of debris - Disposal of debris Irreversible 20 20 10 Impact and risks associated with - Demolition of Cement Factory (Civil, mechanical, High Site Specific Medium Term Direct 4 haphazard disposal of excess metallurgy parts) transportation and storage Identified 80 Significant Irreversible 60 10 10 demolished material Change in Land Use pattern - Project area clearance for construction of different Direct High Site Specific Long Term Very 5 Identified 90 project components. Reversible 60 10 20 significant - Transportation generation of construction materials Medium Local Medium Term - Construction of the stock yard, concrete mixing Air pollution due to operation of drilling plant, storage, contractors Camp, including septic machines, excavators, vehicle tanks, soil disposal site, and disposal, movements on unpaved roads with Direct 6 - Construction of Project facilities and operation of Predicted 50 Significant alteration on the level of air quality Reversible 20 20 10 asphalt plant parameters like NO2, SO2, TSP and - Construction of the temporal stand-by area/ holding PM10. parking space for construction vehicles.
Degradation of water qualities of - During the construction of different project Medium Local Medium Term existing rivers. Siltation at lower, components nearby Bagamati river. The river water downstream sections altering the level will be silted than its original state. of pH, SS. Surface and ground water - The water discharged from the work area could be Direct 7 contamination from unsanitary disposal mixed with sands, clay and toxic chemicals, fuels, Identified 50 Significant Reversible 20 20 10 of waste altering the BOD level. vehicles cleaning and lubricant on site, if not properly managed. - Waste water from kitchen, bath and toilet will be generated at the Camp site. Solid / liquid waste disposal issues and - Solid waste generated from labor camps either Direct Medium Local Medium Term 8 Identified 50 Significant impacts dumped or managed in solid waste container in the Reversible 20 20 10
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Identified or Impact Prediction Total Significance of SN Possible Issues Identification Project Components / Activities Type Predicted Magnitude Extent Duration Score Impact premises of project area - Construction & use of the stock yard, concrete mixing plant, storage, etc., - Surface water / effluent discharge is expected during the construction activities and use to different toxic chemicals and materials - Discharge from kitchen, bath, and toilet at the workers’ Camp shall seep into the surrounding soil or discharged to waste water pipe. - Oils and chemicals used in the construction phase may spill over at the working areas and the stock yards. - Construction and use of the stock yard, concrete mixing plant, storage, etc. Chemical such as epoxy, gypsum, Medium Site Specific Medium Term additives, admixtures, cements, - From construction materials use for the project Indirect 9 Predicted 40 Insignificant lubricants etc. residues mixing in land construction work Irreversible 20 10 10 cause soil pollution Haphazard disposal/deposition of - Side casting, side pilling and dumping on spoil Medium Local Short Term Direct 10 excavated materials affecting vegetation disposal site. Identified Insignificant Irreversible 20 20 05 45 cover & river - Project area clearance - Side casting, side pilling and dumping on spoil Medium Local Long Term disposal site. Indirect 11 Landslides and soil erosion Identified 60 Significant - Project area clearance and leveling, tipping and cut Reversible 20 20 20 areas Damage to existing drainage like - Site clearance Medium Site Specific Medium Term Indirect 12 surface flow & culverts, causing water - Demolition works Identified 40 Insignificant Reversible 20 10 10 logging, erosion & pollution. - Construction activities Potential risks to the project caused by Indirect Medium Site Specific Medium Term 13 Predicted 40 Insignificant river flooding or erosion Irreversible 20 10 10 Impact due to air pollution; as large Medium Local Long Term Direct 14 number of vehicles will ply through the - Plying of vehicles and operation of the project Predicted 60 Significant Irreversible 20 20 20 project area - Operation of the project area Medium Local Long Term Impact upon water quality of the - Discharge of effluent from the site Direct 15 Identified 60 Significant surrounding streams and river - Drainage Management system Reversible 20 20 10 - Mechanical parts/vehicle maintenance
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Identified or Impact Prediction Total Significance of SN Possible Issues Identification Project Components / Activities Type Predicted Magnitude Extent Duration Score Impact Solid waste generation and disposal - During Transporting to the center, transferring to Direct Medium Local Long Term 16 Identified 60 Significant issues smaller vehicle and during breakage/ Spoil Reversible 20 20 20 - Operation of the project area and plying of large High Site Specific Long Term number of vehicles into the area and high vehicles speeds. Issue of road traffic safety and possible - Likely accidents due to mixing of large numbers of Indirect 17 accidents in local area and its Predicted 90 Very Significant vehicles and local vehicles of the area and public. Reversible 60 10 20 management - Accidents due to non-compliance of traffic rules - Unauthorized entry of vehicles and pedestrians around the project area - Site clearance Medium Site Specific Long Term Loss of mature trees of the proposed Direct 18 - Clearance of about 400 numbers of matured tress of Identified 50 Significant project area Irreversible 20 10 20 Kainyo, Utish and Masala, Dhupi species is required. Pressure on forests for fuel wood in Indirect Medium Site Specific Medium Term 19 - Contractor’s camps operation activities Predicted 40 Insignificant labor camps Irreversible 20 10 10 Impact on the forest resources due to - Accessibility of construction workers, smuggling and Indirect Low Site Specific Medium Term 20 Identified 40 Insignificant increased accessibility (Poaching) wood trafficking at the project forest areas Reversible 10 10 20 Plant and animals will be affected in the Indirect Low Site Specific Medium Term 21 - Site clearance Identified 30 Insignificant project area. Reversible 10 10 10 Demolition issues and relocation of Medium Site Specific Medium Term - Demolition works physical facilities of the project area and Direct 22 - Site clearance Identified 40 Insignificant its associated pollution before Reversible 20 10 10 - Storage &Transportation of debris construction periods Adverse impacts to local community and - Selection and Construction of the stock yard, and Medium Site Specific Medium Term Direct 23 environment due to material storing and material storing area Identified 40 Insignificant Reversible 20 10 10 quarrying site - Selection and Construction of Quarry site - Increase in the number of moving vehicles use for Indirect Medium Local Medium Term 24 Impact due to traffic and accident Predicted 50 Significant transportation of materials Irreversible 20 20 10 Reduction on agricultural land due to the- Project area clearance for construction of different Direct Medium Site Specific Long Term 25 Identified 50 Significant construction of the proposed project. project components. Reversible 20 10 20 Occupational Health and Safety of - Site clearance, excavation of slope, surfacing work, Direct Medium Site Specific Medium Term 26 Predicted 40 Insignificant labors during construction construction of structures Irreversible 20 10 05 - Increased traffic on the existing highway causing jam Medium Local Long Term Safety issues of existing road network and accidents. Indirect 27 Predicted 60 Significant during construction works - Ply of construction vehicles on existing roads Reversible 20 20 20 disturbing other movement of the local 28 Gender discrimination and Child labor - During construction work Direct Predicted Medium Local Medium Term 50 Significant
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Identified or Impact Prediction Total Significance of SN Possible Issues Identification Project Components / Activities Type Predicted Magnitude Extent Duration Score Impact during construction Reversible 20 20 10 Possible social conflict; impact on Medium Site Specific Medium Term - Contractor’s camp operation activities Direct 29 social, cultural &religious practices due Predicted 40 Insignificant - Influx of outside labors Reversible 20 10 10 to in-migration of people Impact due to pressure on social service Medium Site Specific Medium Term Direct 30 facilities such as drinking water, school, - Contractor’s camp operation activities Identified 40 Insignificant Reversible 20 10 10 health post etc. by influx of workers Degradation of sanitation and hygiene Direct Medium Site Specific Medium Term 31 - Contractor’s camp operation activities Predicted 40 Insignificant condition around construction area Reversible 20 10 10 - Increase in vehicular movement around the local Direct Medium Site Specific Medium Term 32 Impact due to traffic and accident Identified 40 Insignificant area Irreversible 20 10 10 Likely increase in road traffic accidents High Site Specific Long Term - Increase in vehicular movement around the local Direct Very 33 due to increase flow incoming vehicles, Identified 80 area Irreversible 60 10 20 Significant truck and containers into the area. - Sale of various local agricultural products, skills and Medium Site Specific Long Term Possible impact on livelihood based on increase in business opportunity within the project business of various agricultural products area in local level. Direct 34 Predicted 50 Significant and trade and transports of goods and - During the operation of the project circle with Reversible 20 10 20 services. increase in mobility of vehicle and peoples from outside Increase in alcoholic products Medium Site Specific Long Term consumption in the local level at that - Increasing number of workers and outside labor for Direct 35 area because of flow of migrants, Identified 50 Significant other opportunities Irreversible people with the increment in movement 20 10 20 of vehicles. Impact on cultural, religious and - Temples and other objects of archeological values Medium Local Medium Term Indirect 36 archaeological sites which the public should be protected against damage from Predicted 50 Significant Reversible 20 20 10 have attached sentiments construction activities - Increase in vehicular movement around the local Medium Site Specific Long Term Impacts / issues due to cultural conflicts area due to in-migration of people from - Difficulty for local public on their mobility due to Indirect 37 Predicted 50 Significant outside areas due to economic increase traffic Reversible 20 10 20 opportunities at Project areas - Might hamper on the social harmony with the in- migrant
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Chapter 7 ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS
Environmental Assessment is a tool that provides opportunities to explore possible alternatives with and within the Project. This Chapter explores the various alternatives of the Project in order to select the most optimum option considering the technical, economical, environment and social parameters. Alternative assessment includes: Alternative Location, Alternative Design and Construction Methods, Alternative Resources (alternative construction materials).
7.1 NON-IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT
Comparison of the No-Implementation Option and With-Project Option are summarized in Table 7.1 and Table 7.2.
Without the Project, general social benefit listed in Table 7.1, „With-Project Option,‟ will not be achieved soon.
In the environmental and social aspects, negative Project impacts are not significant and mitigation measures are available. Since the Project Area is located in Former Himal Cement Factory Premises at Chovar, Kirtipur, the land use change of the area, commerce and industry will increase due to the in-migration and urbanization by the project.
Table 7.1: Comparison of the Forecast of No-Project Option and With Project Option (1: General Social Benefit) No-Project Option With-Project Option Technical skills and capacity enhancement of local engineering and Construction Project benefit listed on the right will be construction companies Phase available with other, later Project in Nepal. Technical skills and capacity enhancement of workers
The technology of ICDnecessary to promote trade and transport of goods and services in Nepal may not be Application as a model case of ICD tested and presented in near future. Promote trade and transport of goods Operation in the city. Phase Without ICD facility, Kathmandu will Increase thecapacity :The growth of remain very vulnerable against large economic activity demands growth in growing demand for trade and transaction of goods and commodities. transport of goods or rising economic needs in the capital area.
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Table 7.2: Comparison of the Forecast of No-Project Option and With Project Option (2: Environmental and Social Items) With-Project Option No-Project Planning & Option Operation Phase Construction Phase Increase in the number of transportation vehicles in the area. Existing condition Increased air pollution Concentration of air pollution Physical of air and noise, all (dust) and traffic jam material will increase along the Environment over the standard, will occur at project exiting road to project area. will continue. area . Air and noise condition within the project area and along the existing road will be alter with increasing traffic.
Compensatory plantationof 400 nos. of exiting tress 10000 saplings around Project Biological No change will within the project area Area, in coordination with Jal Environment occur will be cleared to for Binayak Community Forest ICD facilities Management Committee
Urbanization, land use change Urbanization will from farmland to housing and Local material spread in the commerce, will occur faster Socio- suppliers, engineering Project area by than „No-Project Option‟ in the Economic firms, contractors and high demand for Project Area, especially on the and Cultural workers will benefit and housing, office and vicinity of the project area. Environment increase around project commerce space * Commercial facilities along area. in the capital area. the existing road near project area will increase.
7.2 ALTERNATIVE PLANS INCORPORATED IN DESIGN
Alternatives in Master Planning Plan with alternative Entry - Exit Route for future through the Outer Ring Road and Kathmandu – Terai Expressway (Fast Track) Location of Staff Quarter and NITDB Office Building - away from main ICD complex
Alternatives in ICD Complex Layout Exim side located on the south side to decrease disturbances to settlement and Temple areas Gate 1, located so that minimal traffic congestion is expected (due to queing of trucks) Addition of Gate 2 to reduce conjection of traffic at main road Additional Lane for Freight Vehicles entering ICD
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Other Plans Enhancement of Temple Area Proposed (Local Area Improvement Plan) 3m Boundary Wall + 2 m noise barrier Water Harvesting Plan suggested
Alternatives in Master Planning
During the Master Plan preparation phase, several options related to ICD planning were studied and analyzed. Among them, options that were studied and analyzed that had environmental and social aspects are discussed hereunder. Such options and alternatives were suggested so that the environmental and social impacts are reduced or minimized.
Plan with alternative Entry - Exit Route for future through the Outer Ring Road and Kathmandu – Terai Expressway (Fast Track)
Traffic congestion during the operation of ICD, with its present access road of Balkhu - Dakshinkali Road, is a major concern, that would directly affect the residents of the settlement areas near the ICD complex. However, an alternate route, at present is not available. It is however expected that two separate roads, namely, the Outer Ring Road and Kathmandu – Terai Expressway (Fast Track) are planned, and is expected that these two major roads will be operational within a few years, after which the freight vehicles will be using these new roads, for freight transportation into Kathmandu Valley. With this possibility, the Master Plan has been prepared with these roads into consideration, so that, the traffic congestion will be less, after their operation and no alteration will be further necessary. The Outer Ring Road and Kathmandu – Terai Expressway (Fast Track) alignments, in relation to the ICD site is shown in the map.
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In the ICD Master Plan map shown below, the left side corner, has a provision to construct a future Gate, after the Outer Ring Road and or the Kathmandu – Terai Expressway (Fast Track) comes into operation. Until they become functional, Gates 1, 2 and 3 will be operational.
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Location of Staff Quarter and NITDB Office Building - away from main ICD complex
As an alternative plan, two associated premises, namely the staff accommodation and NITDB Office areas has been moved out from the main ICD complex area, so that there will be less traffic concentrated around the ICD complex, thus causing less environmental and social effects to the surrounding areas. Map below shows the annexed two premises, in comparison to the main ICD complex.
Alternatives in ICD Complex Layout
Exim side located on the south side to decrease disturbances to settlement and Temple areas
As for the internal layout planning, inside the main ICD complex, the Exim area; where the containerized traffic is more in number, and consequently where more movement activity concentrated; is located away from the settlement areas of Bhutkhel and Jal Binayak Temple area, as far as possible, so that the disturbances are minimal to these areas.
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Gate 1, located so that minimal traffic congestion is expected (due to queuing of trucks) Gate 1 is mainly for domestic freight vehicles. They will have a short official documentation, and is not required to queue for a longer period, prior to entry. However, in case of delays, the trucks may need to queue for a longer period, outside Gate 1, prior to entry. In such instances, the queuing trucks may cause congestion to the local traffic. To avoid such instances, Gate 1 has been placed further inside the ICD boundary, so that there is space for queuing of the trucks, without causing traffic congestion with the local traffic. The drawing below illustrates this alternative.
Addition of Gate 2 to reduce congestion of traffic at main road
An additional gate has been introduced, in between Gate 1 and Gate 3, so that empty trucks which come to collect goods from Exim or domestic area, and need not queue to get entry, can enter without delay. This additional gate will also reduce traffic congestion with the local traffic.
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Additional Lane for Freight Vehicles entering ICD During the peak freight vehicle movement, the road along the ICD, may get congested with the local traffic. To reduce traffic congestion, an additional lane, designed especially for the freight vehicles, is introduced.
Other Plans Enhancement of Temple Area Proposed (Local Area Improvement Plan) As an enhancement of the Jal Binayak Temple area, local area improvement plan has been prepared and recommended for its implementation, as an overall cultural area improvement, that would be conducive towards harmonizing the industrial and cultural setting of the Chovar area.
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Boundary Wall andNoise Barrier Construction To reduce the disturbance caused due to the activities inside the premises of ICD complex, the entire complex is surrounded by a 3m high boundary wall. In addition, above the boundary wall, a noise barrier of 2m height is installed, at the length facing the Bhutkhel settlement area and Jal Binayak Temple area. This is expected to reduce noise, vibration and disturbances to the outside areas, due to activities inside the ICD complex.
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Chapter 8 MITIGATION MEASURES
In Chapter 6, the beneficial as well as adverse impacts due to the construction of ICD Project has been identified and evaluated. In order to attain long-term and sustainable benefits from this Project, its implementation should be guided by principle of environmental friendly construction and operation. For this, the study team identified the most effective augmentation measures for beneficial impacts and mitigation measures for possible perceived adverse impacts to minimize the environmental impacts of Project implementation needs to be adopted are presented in this Chapter.
Incorporation of mitigation measures in the detail design and tender document and subsequent implementation are recommended. Incorporation of mitigation measures in the detail design and tender document and subsequent implementation are recommended.
8.1 BENEFICIAL IMPACTS AUGMENTATION MEASURES
8.1.1 Construction Phase a) Generation of employment and increase in income The Project will encourage local people to participate in construction works of this project. Locals including poor and indigenous people as well as women will be encouraged to participate in construction works.
However, no any sort of huge Projects could be implemented without workers immigrated from outside the Project area.
All of the participated contractors will be requested to encourage local labours and skilled as well as unskilled labours including other workers for the construction of ICD project.
b) Promotion of trade and business ICD construction requires different levels of human resource from skilled, semi-skilled to unskilled all of which might not be sufficiently available from local areas. Therefore, in order to fulfil the demand of human resource, people from outside of the region also come to the construction sites. These people will have to depend on the local market for their basic needs which will increase trade and business of the area. Demand of rice, pulses, vegetables, milk, meat, fruits etc. will increase. In general, the enterprises includes but is not limited to food and tea shops, groceries, lodges and restaurants for serving small number of people. This will have significant impact on local rural economy and may help reduce rural poverty.
c) Enhancement of technical skills The project‟s construction phase is a great opportunity for the unskilled people to enhance their skills. More skilled workers will be generated after the completion of the Project. Further, local skill workers will get opportunity to enhance their skills after their involvement into the Project construction works. Local skilled workers will have more familiar with new technologies related to construction works and further will have opportunities and knowledge about ICD establishment and functioning methods and experiences.
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8.1.2 Operation Phase a) Economic benefit There will be increased in economic activity in the vicinity around the Project area, and the locals can take advantage by initiating businesses around the ICD area. Involvement of local people in economic activities will be higher in percentage than existing scenario. Large number of population of Project vicinity will be engaged in various sorts of economic activities generated during the time of operation of the Project that drive boost the economic benefit of local as well as other people.
b) Industrial Development Establishment and operation of various types of cottage and small-scale industries including large-scale industries will further generate employment opportunity to the locals. Implementation of industrial development subprojects at different locations of the project municipality and wards will increase due to the upgrading and widening of the existing road.
c) Increased in Land value The area near the project will be of very high significance because the land near project can be used to establish shops and restaurants which will serve increased number of people travelling in that area. This activity will likely uplift the economic condition of the local people. Measure to enhance benefit would be to promote land development activities and control of encroachment within project area.
Social Enhancement Packages Large scale works of ICD construction in Bhutkhel, Chovar area is proposed under this Project. The local people in the surrounding areas are onlyindirectly affected by the construction works. During the interactions they have been briefed about the Project‟s activities during construction and operation. Even though there are no directly project affected people, the people living around Bhutkhel, Chovar areas have will have to bear some inconveniences during construction works. To compensate and to gain more acceptance from the local people, and as a social responsibility, some social enhancement activities are proposed to be conducted, during construction of the Project.
The EIA document has proposed a Plan with estimated cost proposal, for conducting these activities, which is presented in Table 8-2.
The activities proposed are as follows:
Training related activities: Training (to 100 nos.) to enhance skills of local workers (training on driving light/heavy vehicles, mason training, electrical / plumbing training, steel structure erection training etc.) Livelihood Enhancement Skills Development Training to local residents (to 100 nos.) (training on Mechanical Repairs, Electrical installment, plumbing training, tailoring training etc.) Orientation to School / College Students on importance of Environmental Conservation
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Other activities: Health Camps for monitoring public health of local residents during Construction period (4 camps per year for 2 years) Sanitation Improvement Works in Settlement Areas Support for Youth Clubs for promotion / conservation of the Local Culture, Heritage and Sports Relocation Allowance to Families affected by Earthquake Other Social Support Activities (Bagmati Cleaning Campaign etc.)
Jal Binayak Temple Area Local Area Improvement Plan In the close vicinity of the ICD Project area in Chovar, a culturally important monument of Jal Binayak Temple, Manjushree gorge and caves exists. These cultural areas do not fall directly within the footprints of the ICD Project‟s activities. However, these sites need to be preserved and conserved, and saved from losing its importance. At present, the area lacks basic infrastructures such as, paved roads, managed parking, drainage, lightings, toilets etc.
During interactions with local people, they have requested that the ICD Project would assist by allocating some resources for the overall improvement of the area, so that the entire Temple area environment is improved and visitors are likely to increase.
The EIA team has taken their suggestions and request, and incorporated some additional measures that are deemed necessary for improving the general environment of Jal Binayak Temple, Manjushee park and caves and its vicinity.
A more detailed engineering design, with its exact cost proposal need to be worked out, prior to implementation of the Project. In addition, the modality of implementation of the plan need to be worked out by the Project Proponent.
The Local Area Improvement Plan consists of the following activities, and estimated a cost proposal. (Refer Table 8-5, and Map)
The activities proposed are as follows:
Pedestrian Crossing Bridge – across the main road at Chovar, and preferably to be constructed prior to main construction commences at ICD site Intersection Improvement - including Erection of Signs and Signals at Road crossings, Road markings etc. at Chovar area on the Balkhu – Dakshinkali road Black Topping of Chovar – Jal Binayak Road – at present, the road is only gravel, and is not aesthetically attractive and is dusty when dry and muddy when wet. So black topping, with footpaths, and side drains are proposed. Parking Area Development (Small Vehicles) – parking areas need to be paved and managed Solar Street Lighting – about 50 street lights are proposed, around the Temple area and road leading to the Temples Stream Bank Protection Structure – two streams need to be protected with gabion walls
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Road to Cremation Site – road from Chovar to cremation site need to be upgraded Walkway Improvement – around Temple periphery, for walking Toilet Construction – near parking lot for Temple and Park visitors
8.2 ADVERSE IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES
Mitigation Measures required during the Project‟s Pre-construction, Construction and Operation phase is discussed in this section. The measures to prevent or to minimize the impacts due to implementation of Project within the proposed Project area have been discussed in this section. Mitigation measures for the affected existing physical structures situated within the required to minimize its severity and impact in the environment and to the people.
All the adverse environment impacts upon Physical, Biological, Socio-economic and Cultural Environment are discussed below and required mitigation measures of corrective, compensatory and preventive types are proposed in order to avoid, reduce or minimize such impacts as well as augmentation measures for achieving beneficial environmental impacts with the implementation of Project. There are also a number of other matters that will require detailed designs that consultant engineers have prepared and assuming all significant adverse environmental impacts due toconstruction.
The major activities during pre-construction and construction phase are site clearance, earthworks, excavation for the construction of structures, disposal of spoil and other civil works and those works will require measures that could mitigate the adverse impact upon existing environment and major activities in operation phase are custom clearance, import and store of goods and supply it to market. Civil works and other activities will further likely to create dust, noise and vibration rendering likely impact of slope instability and landslides; these activities will further required corrective and preventive mitigation measures. Haphazard disposal of spoil in the nearby private lands, cultivated lands and water bodies will likely to affects the physical environment of the Project area requiring preventive mitigation measures.
Compensatory and preventative mitigation measures will be required to mitigate biological issues relate to removal of trees, impact upon wildlife, aquatic habitat and avian fauna during the implementation of the Project. Moreover, corrective and compensatory measures will be followed in order to mitigate the impacts upon affected existing infrastructures such as water supply pipelines, electric poles and irrigation facilities existed within the proposed ICD project.
8.2.1 Pre-Construction Phase(Preparatory Phase for Main Construction) The mitigation measures, methods to be followed regarding environmental and social safeguard requirements, presented in the EIA report, will need to be reviewed by the team that reviews the final detailed design, to ensure the incorporation of the measures into BOQ and tender documents, so that the contractor fully understands the requirements thereof, and is responsible for their implementation, during construction.
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Environmental and social safeguard requirementsare summarized in the EMAP, and are also reflected in the Bill of Quantity (BOQ), to ensure it effective implementation avoiding and preventing environmental degradation during the time of construction and operation of the Project. Any discrepancy or misunderstanding should be addressed to avoid future confusion and non-compliance.
Contractors will also need to be appropriately informed about the environmental and social safeguard compliance and their methods to achieve them, the monitoring mechanism, and hierarchy of monitoring mechanism and reporting procedure.
Clearing of Former Cement Factory Infrastructures By the time of start of construction works for the ICD Project, all the infrastructures from the cement factory needs to be dismantled and disposed of.
Felling of Trees As part of site clearing, cutting of trees and clearing of other vegetation will be required, inside the ICD area. Appropriate safety measures shall be taken while cutting the trees. A professional tree cutting agency shall be employed, which have adequate trained labour and equipment for cutting. The trees cut should be cut into blocked and stacked.
Information dissemination to local people A meeting shall be arranged in the Bhutkhel area, in order to disseminate information about the ICD construction activities. A public notice board shall also be erected, which should give information on the ICD‟s construction activities, information and grievance lodging method and person in-charge.
In the meeting, the public should be notified about the possible hazards, disturbances, and safety issues due to the construction activities, and requests shall be made to gain cooperation from the public on road safety issues and the like.
Enclosure of Construction Site
The Contractor, prior to start of the main works, should have an CGI Sheet fencing to fence out the construction site. The vehicle entry-exit gates and gate-men should be installed.
Proper Lightings near Construction Site where Pedestrians walk
The Contractor, should install proper lightings where pedestrian walk, near the construction site, at the main road, with proper signage for Cautions, prohibiting children playing near the site etc.
Traffic Signs and Traffic Calming
Proper and adequate traffic signage, reflective mirrors, and proper lighting need to be installed.
At the sloped and curved road section, prior to reaching Chovar, when travelling from Balkhu, traffic cautionary measures, and speed decreasing measures need to be installed. One
Page | 109 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Chovar ICD Draft Report method may be painting of road with chevron marking (reflective type) and central cats-eye or rubber studs.
8.2.2 Adverse Impact Mitigation during Construction Phase Key mitigation measures to be undertaken during Construction Phase are outlined hereunder. However, the contractor shall be required to develop a site-specific Environmental Management Action Plan (EMAP) during the mobilization period, prior to initiating civil works, which will detail out all specific actions to be taken by the contractor in order to fulfil the below requirements and ensure compliance with all applicable national laws and regulations, as well as World Bank Safeguard Policies and Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Guidelines, with respect to specific works activities. The site-specific EMAP shall be subject to approval by the Engineer, on behalf of the Employer, prior to initiation of works. The site-specific EMAP shall also be kept in hard copy at all times at the work site, and the Contractor shall ensure that all workers are fully oriented to its contents as pertain to their tasks. It shall also be updated on a regular basis as works progress to ensure full relevancy and coverage to the works underway at any given time.
8.2.2.1 Inclusion of EMAP and Mitigation Measures in BOQ The EMAP will be annexed to the bid package and contract document. All the measures and provision mentioned in the EMAP will be reflected in the Bill of Quantity (BOQ) to ensure it effective implementation avoiding and preventing environmental degradation during the time of construction and operation of the project. All the provisions regarding the safe disposal of spoil into identified area and its rehabilitation will be mentioned in the BOQ. Similarly, provisions for the operation and reclamation and site clearance of labour camps, batch mixing plant sites, contractor‟s camp sites etc., will be explicitly mentioned into BOQ while issuing Tender Document for the contract. Whereas, compensatory mitigation measures of re-plantation will be awarded to local communities, people or NGOs as a separate contract for re-plantation and maintaining the trees for at least 5 years period although the loss of forest and vegetation has been mentioned in EMP. The contractors must clearly quote those activities in BOQ rate, and provide beforehand any comments in case of opposing these clauses.
8.2.2.2 Mitigation measuresrelated to Physical Environment
(i) Air, noise, vibration due to construction activities Prohibit vehicles and equipment which emit excessive exhaust and make periodic servicing and maintenance of the vehicles mandatory Depending on the nature of the work, season, wind condition, provision of water spraying to arrest dust emission during earthwork Loud and intense sound generating works shall be avoided after dark Monitor periodically the effect of construction works to the households of Bhutkhel settlement (on air, noise and vibration effects) Identify sources of air pollution (such as uncovered earth/ sand / aggregate piles) and take appropriate measures to avoid pollution
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Avoid haphazard and unmanaged storage, stockpiling and disposal of excess material. Prohibit disposal of excess any material into Bagmati River. Prohibit open burning of any refuse / waste construction material Environment Inspector should be made responsible to monitor air, noise and vibration effects during construction works Measure ambient air quality periodically during construction works, as per Monitoring Plan included in Section 10.2.
(ii) Impacts on nearby river environment and ground water due to construction activities Prohibit direct discharge of grey water into river system Install septic tanks and soak pits for all toilets including labour toilets Prohibit discharge of muddy water, washed out water, into river system at all times Environment Inspector should be made responsible to monitor water quality discharged into river system during construction works, as per Monitoring Plan included in Section 10.2 and “Standards for Effluents Discharged into Inland Waters” from the Construction Sites and Camps, attached in Annex II B.
(iii) Generation of different types of wastes inside the Construction Site
Equipment / Vehicle Generated Wastes: Enforce strict regulation to avoid spillage and collection of used oils, lubricants, and appropriate disposal by controlled incineration or sell Ensure used oils etc. do not get washed away to the river system Environment Inspector should be made responsible to check how the equipment yards are being managed periodically Construction Material refuse waste: All construction material must be segregated into bio-degradable, non-bio- degradable and recyclable items. Proper handling of the refuse waste shall be done according to the nature of the refuse. Inert material which does not create leachate and hard the ground water and is safe for burying shall be buried at a safe depth. Recyclable items should be sent for recycling. Incineration should be done in a controlled manner. Bitumen waste should be handled cautiously and spilled bitumen shall be extracted and managed properly
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(iv) Plying of construction vehicles in the vicinity of settlement areas Construction vehicle drivers should be given general orientation on the need to maintain safety standard during driving, inside and outside the construction site, on slow driving, preference to pedestrians and road crossing people, use of horns, etc. Contactor should station road-side flag-men to direct vehicles entering and exiting the construction site, at all times, at each gate. Strictly prohibit parking of the vehicles outside the construction area Avoid movement of construction vehicles during peak, office or school hours Keep records of all traffic related accidents, including analysis of causes of accidents and report to the ESC consultant Strictly prohibit construction vehicles, to take the route of Chovar to Bhaisepati road, at all times Keep record of all entry and exit vehicles, and the vehicle staff If the local traffic situation is not satisfactory, due to construction related vehicle, request the Traffic Police to deploy traffic personnel to better manage the local traffic situation
(v) Impacts on occupational health, safety and sanitation During construction phase, the health and safety of workers are to be given highest priority.Basic measures of OHS are as follows:
Ensure restriction of unauthorised people, children of workers inside the construction area. Ensure that adequate orientation to workers are provided, about the possible dangers and their safeguards. Educate workers about importance of occupational health, safety and sanitation issues. Distribute adequate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), like hard-hats or Helmets, Hand Protection Gloves, masks, high boot during construction works, and enforce them to use them properly. Providing First Aidkits in handy and visible locations and inform the workers about it. Provide fire extinguishers at labour camps and other required places. Ensuring safe drinking water facility, hygienic toilets and bathrooms in the labour camp. Ensure workers are in sound health, before they are employed for work, ensure they are not suffering from any communicable diseases. Routine health check-ups shall be provided
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Train workers about the importance of hygienic living environment, water borne diseases and STDs in different phase of project construction. Post OHS posters in Nepali at the labour camps. Provide proper insurance to all workers. Prior to construction, the Contractor should prepare and submit an OHS Plan for its approval. Environment Inspector should keep detailed records of all occupational health, safety issues maintained within the construction area and enforce all necessary compliance.
Other Works
(vi) Labour Camp Related Requirements Basic requirements for labour camps are: Located away from settlement areas – area proposed for administrative building, is appropriate Semi-permanent structures, prohibition of use of tents Hygienic condition, proper bedding, proper cooking and eating place Safe drinking water, hygienic toilet, bathroom. Toilet connected to septic tank and soak pit and directly disposal into stream / river is strictly prohibited Bio-degradable and non-biodegradable items need to be segregated and treated accordingly. Direct disposal of any solid waste is strictly prohibited. Periodic collection and disposal of solid waste, by separate solid waste management agency must be made First Aid kit and fire extinguisher Boundary wall, with entry exit permits Recreational space, such as volleyball court Strict prohibition of alcohol consumption inside the camp Prior to labour camp operation, the Contractor should prepare and submit aPlan for its approval. Environment Inspector should keep details of the labour camp situation and periodically assess the situation inside it. The capacity of the camp should also be monitored regularly.
(vii) Issues related to sourcing of construction materials
The contractor of works should have a detailed prior-planning of how to source construction material. The contractor should investigate about the possible locations of sourcing construction material. The contractor should strictly procure construction material only from Government-approved sites, and vendors who are doing business in a legal manner only. Any benefit received from the Client side, for the procurement of the goods, should be strictly used for the ICD Project only, and not divert it other projects. Excess hoarding of the material for financial benefits should be strictly prohibited.
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(Viii) Minimizing/Managing Impact due to Traffic Congestion To minimize the impact due to Traffic Congestion following measures shall be applied: Trained signalers, signage and barrirers and competent equipment operators are in place, as required Scheduling of construction activities taking into account peak traffic periods, to minimize traffic impacts and risks – for example, major shipments to arrive during off peak hours and with advance notice to community Construction projects are planned and organized to eliminate or reduce the of operation vehicles and construction equipment. Flow the Information about the traffic congestion in the project area to the travellers.
(ix) Protection of Bagmati River Right bank by construction of gabion wall mattress, and filled to raise heights, and then use for compensatory plant
Bagmati River will be protected by right bank protection wall, and the bank area will be filled up and the area will be planted with trees. The area will be developed into a park with facilities good for morning-walker.
(x) Reducing/Preventing air pollution due to operation of drilling machines, excavators, vehicles movement Contractor shallcarry out dust protection measures during construction phase such as plastic sheets will be used to prevent the residences that are close enough to receive such impacts. Operation of drill machines, excavators, load and unload heavy vehicles etc., shallbe avoided while wind velocity is high enough to disperse and erode excavated materials. Vehicles transporting soil, sand and other construction materials shallbe covered with tarpaulin sheets to avoid impact from dust. Water shallbe sprinkled to excavated material to avoid sheet erosion and emissions to nearby human settlements or forest areas. Similarly water shallbe sprinkled within project area, surrounding road and exposed surfaces during plying of construction and transportation vehicles in order to minimize the spreading of dust to close receivers. Contractor shallcarry out excavation and drilling activities only from 5 am to 6 pm. Excavation during evening and night hours will be avoided. Contractor shall provide ear mufflers to construction crew working at high noise exposure areas. • Contractor shall use various materials and barrier, façade patterns can be used to obtain maximum reflection, absorption or dispersion of noise without being aesthetically ugly. • Labour intensive construction methods will be applied at the alignment proposed nearer to settlement, school, health post etc., as far as possible in order to avoid noise, vibration pollution. • Project will provide awareness trainings to local drivers avoiding noise pollution in operating construction machines. (xi) Avoiding degradation to water qualities of existing rivers Construction activities shall be carried out in environmental friendly way so as to avoid adverse impact upon water quality of Bagmati River adjacent to proposed area and other streams. Disposal of construction waste and spoil into the river will be avoided. Adequate sanitation facilities shallbe provided at the labour camps with the adequate supply of water for washing, cleaning and drinking purposes. Labour camps shallbe established only at the
Page | 114 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Chovar ICD Draft Report pre-identified sites establishing appropriate drainage and installing pit latrines and toilets. Open defecation shallbe avoided strictly at the vicinity of labour camps. Similarly, labour workers shallbe provided with awareness trainings and further contractor shallbe responsible for mitigation if any sort of improper sanitation condition has been carried out by work force. Disposal of wastewater from labour camps and organic wastes from kitchen shallbe disposed safely in pits avoiding direct disposal in water bodies as well as avoiding ground water contamination. Liquid wastes form vehicle washing and workshop waste shallnot be disposed directly into river system and nearby water bodies. (xii) Minimizing/Managing Impacts due to Waste i) Minimizing/Managing Impacts due to Solid Waste To minimize the impact due to solid waste following measures shall be applied:
Institutional coordination and budget plan for hiring collection and disposal service providers shall be undertaken. Workers and managers shall be trained for appropriate source segregation. Direct disposal of solid waste by the construction workers in the water bodies shall be strictly prohibited. Knowledge and awareness about the biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste to the workers shall be provided. Work camp shall be established far from the water bodies. Separate bins for the collection of biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste shall be established at the worker camps. Strict code of conduct will be followed in the camp and the penalty for the violation of rules shall be regulated ii) Minimizing/Managing Impacts due to Soil Waste To mitigate the impact due to soil waste during Pre-construction careful and thorough communication shall be undertaken in the Pre-construction Phase so that the site(s) are planned in the accepted area with sufficient safety measures and design. In order to minimize the impacts due to soil waste following methods are proposed:
Natural water source below the disposal site shouldn‟t pose significant threat. The irrigation canal below shouldn‟t be damaged due to the deposition of soil. The agricultural land below downstream shouldn‟t be damaged due to disposal activity. Disposal Site and method finalized, so that the impacts on the water use downstream is minimized. iii) Minimizing/Managing Impacts due to Liquid Waste To minimize the impact due to liquid waste following measures shall be applied:
Required capacity of site specific septic tanks shall be installed at the facilities. The septic tanks shall be managed in appropriate manner. The fuel/lubricants for the construction vehicles shall be stored in a proper place and the contamination with the water bodies shall be avoided. Cleaning of construction vehicles in the water bodies shall strictly be prohibited Direct disposal of chemical wastes from workshop upon water bodies will be strictly prohibited. Workshops and chemical storage sites will not be established nearer to the water bodies and river side
Page | 115 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Chovar ICD Draft Report iv) Minimizing/Managing Impact due to Soil Contamination and Top Soil To minimize the impact due to soil contamination following measures shall be applied:
Educate and aware workers about the negative impacts of soil contamination. Conduct training on good handling of the oils and chemicals to avoid soil contamination. Prepare guidelines of handling, recycling and discarding the empty containers or bags of the chemicals. Designation of site managers to monitor condition of stock yards. Storage and handling of bitumen shall be done properly as per the manual and guideline and contamination with the existing water source should be avoided. Strict code of conduct should be regulated in the construction area and avoid spilling and leakage the chemicals in the work area. Pouring of oils/lubricants shall be avoided so that it does not degrade the agricultural land located nearby of the construction area. (xiii) Avoiding chemical impact upon Environment i) Avoiding chemical contamination in water bodies due to mechanical activities/ workshop/ vehicle maintenance, cleaning and mixing Workshops and chemical storage sites shallnot be established nearer to the water bodies and river side. Bitumen drums shallbe stored at designated locations and not scattered the project area. If contaminated; the contaminated runoff from storage areas shallbe captures in ditches or ponds with an oil trap at the outlet. Contaminated and worn plastic sheet shallbe packed into drums and disposed into safe disposal site. Direct disposal of chemical wastes from workshop upon water bodies shallbe strictly prohibited. (xiv) Avoiding hazards caused by explosive, combustible and Toxic Materials The Contractor must educate the workers to undertake safety precaution while working at the plant / site as well as in the around heavy equipments. Contractor shall ensure the occupational health & safety measures of labour work force. Contractor shall obey the Occupational Health and Safety Management Plan prepared for the project. The Contractor shall further ensure all vehicles must possess a Pollution Under Control (PUC) Certificate, from designated authority by the DoR, which and shall be renewed regularly. The Contractor must also ensure that all machinery, equipments, and vehicles shall comply with the existing noise and emission norms of Government of Nepal. (xv) Safe operation of labour Camp, Contractor’s Camp etc. i) Recovering and rehabilitating land used for Camps All construction camp sites and facilities shallbe dismantled and removed from the site right after the completion of construction work. The site shallbe restored to an original condition prior to commencement of the works. Contractors shallbe recommended for photographic documentation to verify and settle possible disputes before and after the establishment of such sites. Further, oil and fuel contaminated soil shallbe removed and transported and buried in waste disposal areas. Construction campsite shallbe planted grasses after site clearance to recover into natural condition. Saplings planted will be handed over to the community, forest user groups with due arrangements meeting the cost for further maintenance and watering for at least five years; and Soak pits and septic tanks shallbe covered and effectively sealed off.
Page | 116 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Chovar ICD Draft Report ii) Avoiding direct disposal of solid waste Labour camps and contractor‟s camp shallbe established at the pre-identified appropriate place within the project area. Consultation with the local people is an important step prior to the establishment of such camps. The contractors shallfurther ensure that labour workers will not dispose chemicals, raw sewage, and wastewater effluent. iii) Managing safe disposal of waste to prevent surface and ground water contamination Contractor shallensure the operation of labour camps shallnot produce nuisances and adverse environment impact to the locals. Sanitary wastes and excreta shallbe safely disposed into septic tanks. The contractors shallfurther adopt good management practices ensuring sustainable supply of water to rest rooms as well as for washing and bathing purposes, energy for cooking and other necessary purposes, and ample drinking water for labour workers and other project staffs. The contractors shallfurther ensure that labour workers shallnot dispose chemicals, raw sewage, and wastewater effluent. Prior to the close out of construction the worker camps shallbe removed and restored to the original condition as far as is reasonably practicable. Construction camps shallbe established in areas with adequate natural drainage channels in order to facilitate flow of the treated effluents. Contractor shallensure that no any sort of negative impacts upon environment and local community and no any sort of contamination into the natural drainages and water resources from the operation of camps within the project area. (xvi) Avoiding haphazard disposal of soil i) Managing Stockpiling Stockpiling of earth fill shall in most cases not be permitted during the rainy season unless covered by a suitable material. Stripped material should not be stored where natural drainage will be disrupted. Stockpiled material shallbe protected from erosion prior to rainy season, including construction of drainage, trenches and ponds around the heap. As necessary, seal the area so surface water pollution does not occur. Storage of material on private property will be allowed only if written permission is obtained from the owner of authorized lessee. Furthermore, if private land is used for stockpiling, compensation for land and crops damaged due to stockpiling of materials shallbe given by the Contractor to the affected landowners and the site should be cleaned and brought to original condition after closure and removal of the stockpile. ii) Avoiding impact upon natural drainage from disposal The proposed ICD construction, Bagmati river lies adjacent to the site. However, the construction works proposed are designed to improve the drainage in the operational phase. Impact upon natural drainage during the construction stages will be avoided as far as applicable. Haphazard disposal of spoil and other construction materials into the natural drainage will be avoided in order to prevent the natural flow of the drainage. Proper water management and natural flow of existing drainages will not be disturbed. iii) Prevent blockages to natural flow of existing river Direct side tipping and deposition of excavated materials of the proposed construction shall be avoided. Side tipping and haphazard disposal of spoil and other construction materials into the valley side will be avoided where the proposed alignment runs quite close to some major rivers and direct tipping will likely to disrupt the flow of rivers, water depletion, water logging, and as well as increase the speed of flow which will be erosive in nature.
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8.2.2.3 Mitigation measures related to Biological Environment
(i) Addressing permanent loss of tree Plantation of saplings, as a compensatory measures of the losses of standing trees, are proposed. It has been proposed that tree saplings, 10,000 in numbers are planted, during the construction period.
The location of planting is on the right bank of Bagmati River, adjacent to the eastern boundary of the ICD site.
At present, two blocks of land are available for replantation (Block No. 4 with 1.0 Ha, and Black No. 6 with 3.1 Ha. as maintained by Jal Binayak Community Forest Users Groups). Both blocks of land are under the ownership of GON‟s Forest Department, where plantation has been planned by the Jal Binayak Community Forest Users Groups. The plantation will be conducted in coordination with this Group.
However, Block 6 is at low level, where Bagmati River‟s flood can inundate the area easily. So, to avoid flooding, it is proposed that the river side is lined with a gabion mattress wall, for 2 meters and the land filled with earthwork. After filling, the area will be used as replantation of area. It is estimated that 8000 saplings will be planted in Block 6 and the remaining 2000 in Block 4.
The species of trees to be planted is Kainyo (Gravillea robusta), Utis (Alnus nepalensis), Salla (Pinus roxburghii), Lapsi (Choerospondia axillaris), Painyu (Prunus cerasoides), and Bakaino (Melia azedarach), Lahare Pipal (Populus deltoidis), Dhupi (Cryptomeria), Gulmohar tree (Delonix regia), Kapur (Dryobalanps aromatica), Masala tree (Intsia bijuga), Bhimsenpati (Buddleia asiatica). The sapling of these species are available at the Distirct Forest Office at Pharping Nursery, which can be received after coordinating with DFO office.
Replantation works is recommended to be carried out from July to Sepember. It is expected that for Block 4, replantation can be done in the first monsoon season (July / Sep 2018). In Block 6, the replantation has to wait till protection wall at the river right bank, and ICD boundary wall is completed and filling is completed also.
After replantation, protection of planted sapling from drying up, being eaten by animals, weeds, destroyed by on walkers, etc. should be done, by employing a full time caretaker. If the sapling dry out, then a replacement planting should be carried out immediately.
The replanted area should be fenced with barbed wire for protection if there is a likelihood of animals and people entering the plantation area.
This river bank area, can be developed into a mini park, where locals can take a morning/evening stroll. For this, a walkway should be developed. While planting saplings, the future walkway should be avoided, so that during its construction, the newly planted trees need not be cut or relocated.
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An estimated costs for cutting of present standing trees, replantation and protection works are done and presented in Table 8.1.
Figure 8.1: Replantation area within Proposed ICD Site at Chovar
Plantation within ICD Complex :In addition to compensatory plantation, additional 400 trees will be planted inside the ICD Complex, in the periphery of the ICD Complex, inside of its Boundary wall.
It will be responsibility of the NITDB to maintain, protect and conserve all the trees planted, within the ICD complex, and outside the ICD in the compensatory plantation area in the Bagmati river bank area.
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8.2.2.4 Mitigation measures related to Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment during Construction Phase i. Impact due to Outside Labourin the Project Area
Possible social conflict and social pollution; impact on social, cultural and religious practices due to outside labour
Preference to local labour For construction works, the contractor of works, shallbe given preference to the local labour, as far as practicable. For this, the contractor, must make public, a local announcement, with the type, number and skills required for its labour force. It should disclose the wage rates and other benefits and conditions for employment. If the contractor cannot get the desired numbers of labours locally, then it can hire other outside labours. The Contractor shall inform the Supervision Consultant about engagement of local and outside labour, in a monthly basis.
Following points must be observed:
Wage rate for men and women should be equal for equal type of work Child labour should be strictly prohibited Standard accommodation should be provided to labours which live in the labour camps
Pressure on public facilities and consumables The outside laboursshould maintain strict hygienic sanitary condition, should not contaminate potable water, and must be sensitive towards the requirements of local people. The local residents must be given their due preference in the use of public facilities and labours must be made aware that no nuisance must be caused to the local residents regarding public facilities.
Following points must be observed:
Contractor to provision potable water through tanker, to its labours, in the labour camp.
Health and safety issues during Construction
Maintaining Occupation Health and Safety of labours during construction Occupational Health and Safety of labors during construction will be significant issue. Working safety measures will be executed by the contractor to workers providing ample numbers but not limited to helmets, boots, rubber gloves, and masks as required. Life of worker will be ensured by maintaining Life insurance of each worker of the project. First aid facilities for the workers will be provided at working sites as well as at labour camp sites. If possible, one qualified nurse or first aider will be present at all times. Routine checkups of labours will be performed; this will be at least once per week for each labour workers. Similarly, Health and Safety of the local people will be another significant issue during construction stage of the project. Awareness programs to local people will be provided regarding environment health and
Page | 120 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Chovar ICD Draft Report safety. Furthermore, handling, transportation, storing and use of different Machines, equipment and petroleum product will be other issues of safety during construction.
During construction, existing local tracks and vehicle tracks will be affected and may need to be either closed temporarily or synchronize with the construction vehicles. Construction activities on the project site are likely to cause hindrance to pedestrian and existing traffic flow if not managed properly. Measures to be taken are discussed above under “ Plying of construction vehicles in the vicinity of settlements areas”.
Managing Gender involvement and Child labour during construction To minimize the impacts on gender following measures shall be applied: Preference shall be given to the residents in the Affected Area who wish to work as unskilled labour in the Project without discrimination by sex. The advertisement of the recruitment shall be designed in the manner that as many local women as possible has access to the information. When found necessary and appropriate, trainings and consultation for job/skill improvement shall be operated. Child labour shall be strictly avoided and age verification (must be above 14 years of age) must be made prior to employment of labours.
Preventing impact from outside labours Managing of labours Contractor shall be responsible to manage all the labour workers maintaining their daily schedule of labour camp and working hours of workers. Contractor shall introduce programs against alcohol abuse, violence, sexual abuse, prevention of spread of HIV/AIDS etc.
Addressing possible impact from in-migration of people on social, cultural and religious practices Security systems will be established to avoid various sorts of conflicts between the local and immigrants during the time of construction. As a construction is inhabited by indigenous people; conflict upon existing natural resources between inhabitants and in-migration people will be avoided establishing polish post at several locations as appropriate. The project will further encourage indigenous local people to participate in the construction and upgrading of this section of highway generating their livelihood.
Avoiding conflict between workers and local people Security system will be established to avoid conflict between workers and local people. However, contractors will be responsible to control their own labours those are imported from outside the project area. Whereas, contractor will be responsible to encourage locals for labour work including indigenous people and women providing both of the gender with equal wages not less than district rate.
Maintaining sanitation and hygiene condition Contractor and labour workers will be responsible to maintain healthy sanitary and hygiene condition of labour camps and its vicinity. Furthermore, the contractor will strictly obey the construction related management plans that will be prepared during the time of detail design phase of the project.
Following is the Summary of the Labour Camp requirements to be fulfilled by the Contractor of Works:
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Aspect Mitigation & Management Community 1. Contractor shall enforce a 'closed' camp policy unless otherwise agreed and Relations approved by Company. Workers will comply with the agreed camp closure hours. 2. Contractor shall implement suitable measures to maintain the closed camp policy which may include perimeter security fences, security controls and guard houses, monitoring transfer of goods into and out of camps for contraband and stolen goods. Contractor should refer to the Project Security Management Plan. 3. Contractor, as appropriate, shall provide adequate recreation facilities for workers to reduce incentive for leaving camps during leisure time. 4. Contractor shall limit workers interaction with the community when outside the camp e.g., by organising transport directly to and from the worksite. 5. If community members or local businesses express grievances in relation to camp related activities/operations, the Project shall respond to the grievance in accordance with the grievance procedure outlined in this plan and the Community Grievance Procedure 6. Company may request that camp related activities/operations be amended to address community grievances. Contractor shall comply with these requests. 7. Workers shall abide by camp rules which include a disciplinary process to be developed by the contractor once appointed. 8. The Project shall, be cognisant of the environment in which it works and shall, where practicable, respect local cultural events such as religious events, funerals and the like. 9. The Project shall provide training to all workers, national and expatriate on camp management including: a. A briefing on camp rules, including closed camp policy, behaviour between fellow workers and the community; b. Procedures for dealing with camp related complaints, worker issues and community issues (as per Stakeholder Engagement Plan, SEP); and c. Community relations orientation. The objective of this orientation will be to increase awareness about the local area and cultural sensitivities. Health 1. Contractor shall comply with the Minimum Health Requirements for Project Execution and the Community Health and Safety Management Plan which set out requirements and management measures on controlling communicable diseases within camps and to outside communities 2. Contractor shall enforce the closed camp policy to limit interaction with community 3. The Project shall comply with the Weed, Plant Pathogen and Pest Management Plan to prevent exotic weeds, plant pathogens and pests from entering the Project areas (including camps) and spreading outside of those areas. 4. Posters and informational sessions will be conducted to raise awareness among the workforce and communities locally around the worker camps. Waste 1. Contractor shall exercise all reasonable due diligence to conduct its operations in a management, manner that will minimize pollution. pollution and 2. Contractor shall comply with the Waste Management and Hazardous Materials environmenta Management Plan which define requirements to contain, transport, handle and l impacts dispose of camp wastes and hazardous materials to avoid impacts to human health and the environment. Community 1. Contractor shall utilize water sources for camp use in a manner that minimises resources impacts on local supply and use. Freshwater sources used by the Contractor should be reviewed and accepted by Company. 2. The Project shall routinely monitor quality and supply of water source used by camp through quarterly sampling exercises. Camp 1. Potential camp locations will be selected in consultation with Company and affected location communities will be subsequently consulted. Necessary permits will be obtained from the relevant local government organizations for the approved camp location. 2. The Project shall refer to those Environmental Management Plan's (EMP) that include mitigation/avoidance measures that relate to the local community, including: o Noise and Vibration Management Plan; o Air Emissions Management Plan; and o Waste Management Plan. In-migration Contractor shall enforce a „closed‟ camp policy unless otherwise agreed by Company. This is intended to deter individuals setting up near camp.
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Aspect Mitigation & Management Contractor shall develop Labour and Working Conditions Management Plan with a minimum compliance with the Nepalese Labour Law. Worker Contractor shall comply with minimum standards for camp buildings, facilities and welfare and services cited in Nepalese Law and the Project requirements. living Standards covered include but are not limited to: conditions • Building requirements; • First aid facilities and services; • Sanitary and ablution facilities; • Entertainment and recreation facilities and services; • Communication services; • Food and canteen facilities and services; • Accommodation requirements; and • Laundry facilities. Where there is a difference in camp accommodation, Contractor shall manage this issue in an open and transparent manner. All camps will operate on a non-discriminatory basis and provide the same standard of accommodation and welfare facilities for workers; although distinctions may be appropriate based on seniority of individuals and job classifications.
Contractor may provide prayer rooms and other facilities, as necessary and to the extent practicable, to satisfy the religious needs and customs of its workforce. Contractor‟s personnel shall not engage in any discrimination or harassing behaviour. Contractor shall establish an Equal Opportunity Policy to promote non- discrimination in accordance with Labour and Worker Conditions Management Plan. Contractor shall implement a worker grievance procedure to address grievances between workers. Refer to the Worker Grievance section of the Labour and Worker Conditions Management Plan. 1. Camps will be treated as closed camps. Camp rules in relation to alcohol consumption and drug prohibition will be complied with. 2. Contractor shall provide recreational facilities where practicable. 3. Contractor will provide counselling for all workers, with no discrimination by race, sex or religion. Camps will be controlled by security to avoid intrusions from outside community. Work Site Security Plan to be developed by Contractor shall include security measures to be provided at the camps which may include fencing, locks, alarms, pass card systems, badge and pass system, access points, safe transport of personnel as appropriate. Contractor shall develop an Emergency Response Plan that meets requirements Contractor shall comply with the Minimum Health requirements for Project Execution Project Design Specifications and Health Design Specifications for Projects, and as per requirements of the Guidance for Worker Processes and Accommodation in addressing environmental factors including: Accommodation will be designed to suit climatic conditions; Accommodation and surroundings shall be constructed so that noise does not interfere with sleep to the extent that is reasonably practicable; and Health and hygiene inspections of facilities Decommissi Contractor is to follow the retrenchment procedure discussed in the Labour and oning Worker Conditions Management Plan. Where Community requests, some infrastructure and services may be retained at the discretion of Company: o Disturbed areas will be reinstated as per the Reinstatement Plan; o Where practicable, Contractor will return camp areas to former landforms; o No facilities will be maintained in or near especially environmentally or socially sensitive areas; and o Where there are negative consequences of induced access, the facility will also be decommissioned and the area reinstated.
Page | 123 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Chovar ICD Draft Report ii. Impact to Visitors of Jal Binayak Temple The visitors of the Jal Binayak Temple should be least disturbed during the construction phase. The construction vehicles should be managed properly so that they do not cause any nuisance to the visitors. In addition following points must be observed:
Enclose the construction site with CGI fencing, until the permanent boundary is constructed Restrict use of Jal Binayak Temple road by all construction vehicles iii. Access to Cremation Site The access to Cremation Site, from Chovar main road, should not be obstructed at all times, during the construction phase and operation phase.
The Jal Binayak Area Local Improvement Plan has included improvement of road from Chovar to this cremation site.
iv. Establishment of Grievance Redress Mechanism and Communication Plan The Project will notify the general public about the methods to be followed for lodging their grivances, in the form of a hoarding board, so that all concerned are aware of the grievance redress mechanism.
Similarly a communication plan shallalso be established within the Contractor, Supervision Consultant and the Client, for discuss of the Project related issues.
8.2.3 Adverse Impact Mitigation during Operation Phase Physical Environment 1) Avoiding impact on air, water and noise project operation
Avoiding noise pollution For avoiding noise pollution following mitigation measure is follows: - To the extent possible, maintain noise levels associated with all machinery and - Suggested to maintain all on-site vehicle speeds at or below 10 mph. - Equipment at or below 90 db.In sensitive areas (including residential neighbourhoods, hospitals, rest homes, etc.) like JalBinayak Temples, Manjushree Park and Manjushree cave more strict measures may need to be implemented to prevent undesirable noise levels. - For this, noise barrier is designed to beplaced over the boundary wall of the ICD that faces the Jal Binayak Temple area (north side) and the main road side (facing Bhutkhel settlement area, western side) to reduce the unwanted noise from the ICD. - There will be no work during the night time, to reduce the noise at night time. - Declaration of No Horn Zone around schools, settlement and construction areas. - Proper maintenance of vehicles so that they will produce less sound.
Avoiding air pollution Mitigation measures in order to reduce air pollution are as follows:
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- Plant trees along the road to project area especially in the settlement areas. Compensatory plantation (10,000 saplings) has been proposed to be undertaken at Bagmati river bank area, however, in addition to these planation, landscaping and tree plantation has been proposed inside ICD Boundary walls in its pheriphery (400 saplings) , which will act as a natural shield to the outside area. - Water will be collected from the Bagmati riverto spraywithin project facilityand on the access road to project are at regular intervals to reduce the air pollution caused by ascending dust particles. - Transportation vehicles will be properly covered. - Maintenance of construction vehicles will be regular and effective so that air and noise pollution is reduced considerably. - Use of high pressure horns will be avoided as far as possible in the ICDarea.
Avoiding water pollution Following mitigation measures will be adopted for this impact: - Do not wash vehicle, or dispose cement slurry, other hazardous substances etc. in water bodies - Polluted water which comes from the ICD that will be treated by water treatmet plant and then only it will mix to the river system (Bagmati River) - Leave buffer zones of undisturbed vegetation between project site and bodies of water - Provide adequate and appropriate numbers of drainage structures in order to have minimum interference with and impact on natural drainage pattern of the area, - Avoid surface water discharge into farmland or risky locations, - Do not divert water away from natural water course unless it is absolutely necessary - Avoid blockage or diversion of natural channels due to construction of road and disposal of spoils
2) Minimizing Solid Wastegeneration To minimize the impact due to solid waste following measures shall be applied: Institutional coordination and budget plan for hiring collection and disposal service providers shall be undertaken. Workers and managers inside the ICD facility, shall be trained for appropriate source segregation and its management. Such training on waste handling shall be done by the ICD‟s Administrative Management, in a regular basis. Direct disposal of solid waste by the ICDworkers and all trucks using the facility in the water bodies shall be strictly prohibited.Signs will be posted throughout the facility. Knowledge and awareness about the biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste to the workers shall be provided. Separate bins for the collection of biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste shall be established within the ICD complex, with clear marking. Disposals will be carried out by authorized agency, who is capable of handling such wastes. Waste should be segregated and stored in different containers, skips or stockpiles to enhance reuse or recycling of materials and their proper disposal. On-site temporary storage area equipped with required control measures (e.g. dust) should be provided. Canteen/Kitchen waste and Straw, rapping paper, wooden boxes, jute bags and sacks can be collected and send it to the waste collecting vehicles.
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3) Generation of Toxic waste, Lubricant, Oil, Grease from Vehicles The workers inside the ICD, to undertake safety precaution while working at the plant / site as well as in the around heavy equipments. The employer shall ensure the occupational health & safety measures of labour work force. The employer shall adhere tothe Occupational Health and Safety Management Plan prepared for the operation of the ICD. The employershall further ensure all vehicles must possess a Pollution Under Control (PUC) Certificate, from designated authority, which and shall be renewed regularly. The employermust also ensure that all machinery, equipments, and vehicles shall comply with the existing noise and emission norms of Government of Nepal.
4) Addressing road safety and safe driving Road safety measures will not be compromised during the operation of ICD. Road accident will be avoided as far as possible maintaining road geometry, regular road surface, controlled speed of vehicle etc. Traffic signals at Chovar – Jal Binayak road junction, shall be installed, including other enhancement measures will be provided considering driving safety along the highway. The following safety mitigation measuretakes place within the project during the operation is mentioned below: CCTV camera will be connected in the necessary place around the ICD. Proper light system for night will be placed around the project area. There will be security personnel working as twenty-four hour as day and night shift.
Biological Environment
1) Avoiding effects on flora and fauna of the project area The following mitigation measures will be adopted for above mentioned adverse impact: Any operational activitiesnear forest area should be appropriately managed so that there will be least disturbance to the wildlife and birds. Restriction to wildlife harassment by the workers. Coordination with DFO and CFUGs to control the activities like illegal hunting and poaching of wild fauna, especially listed in CITES and IUCN red data book by enforcing acts and regulations strictly. The NITDB project shalllaunch forest management and wildlife conservation awareness program for the community forest management committee staff members.
2) Avoiding pressure on forest resource, gradual encroachment and loss of forest resources The NITDB shall take the responsibility of protection of the 10,000 trees that are planted along the Bagmati River bank, as part of the compensatory plantation program, even after the 5 year period of sapling protection is over. Encourage and support local communities and authorities in controlling illegal harvesting of forest resources. Awareness programmes shall be organized to educate local people on the conservation of forest. CFUGs will be supported to conserve and manage their CFs according to operational plans.
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Awareness programmes shall be organized to educate local people on the conservation of forest. Encourage and support local community for controlling illegal poaching of wildlife Local community, forest users group, school going children should be given awareness training on protection of forest and wildlife.
Socio-economic & Cultural Environment
1) Avoiding road traffic accidents and Road Safety during operation To avoid the accident road traffic signals,road marking, pedestrian bridge, zebra crossing and sign board for the people and other safety measures will be applied to reduce driving risks and providing enhancements to driving conditions near the intersections and junction.
Awareness campaigns at the local level will be conducted to avoid such accident during operation. It is further anticipated that much traffic will be diverted from the currently overburdened single track linking Kathmandu. Overall road facilities will be enhanced and driving conditions will be improved by providing substantial traffic signals and other facilities. Passengers as well as freight will be motivated to use this traffic rules by providing service and facility sites within the project area.
2) Minimizing impact on livelihood based on business The project is expected to improve Inland transportation facilities including substantial economic benefit to the country. Similarly, the major benefits of the project recognized by the different stakeholders are potential employment opportunities & increase in income, generation of revenue, reduction in travel time & vehicle operating costs, tourism development, and decrease in market value of commodities in densely populated capital city Kathmandu, enhancement of local potential areas through area development projects etc. The project will attempt to generate employment opportunity with in the project during operation. Moreover, the project will implement agricultural enhancement programs to enhance and promote local agricultural products as well as to enhance the capacity of adjacent cultivated lands. The project will also motivate local farmers in promoting cash crops and high value agro products.
3) Avoiding trafficking and prostitution, population pressure, change in social behavior The project will serve freight transportation enhancing economic benefits to the intra and international entrepreneurs. Although import and export of alcoholic products benefitted to such business; consumption of alcoholic products at local level especially by poor, labour and those depending upon subsistence livelihood shall be avoided by providing awareness trainings. During operation; awareness trainings will be provided to poor and indigenous Communities who will be more vulnerable to such impacts. Besides, such impacts will be minimized by increasing the local manpower and stakeholders as workforces to the extent possible. However, for the proposed project local labor force may not be adequate to accomplish the construction work, the necessary administrative and security measures will be adopted in coordination with the District Administration Office. Also, programs to
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communicate and interact with local communities through appropriate public interaction programs will keep good relationship between the local communities and project staff.
4) Impact due to induced haphazard development After this ICD Facility comes into operation, there is a high possibility that there will be unplanned urban growth in the vicinity of the area. Possible unplanned development shall be checked by the regulating agency, such as Kirtipur Municipality. The Municipality shall lay out land use plan and enforce it and avoid haphazard development in the entire area. This is an important step to be taken by the Municipality. A broader discussion on the land use planning shall be conducted. NITDB, shall initiate the discussion with Kirtipur Municipality, on this regard, and support and coordinate with other agencies such as Department of Urban Development and Building Construction.
The general people must be made aware of the land use planning, in a timely manner, and through public notices in the Ward offices.
8.3 TENTATIVE COST ESTIMATION OF MITIGATION MEASURES
8.3.1 Compensatory Plantation and its Protection The compensatory plantation, as envisaged by the Department of Forest, MoFSC is in the ratio of 1:25. The planted tree seedling / saplings have to be protected and managed for at least 5 years. Total no. of trees to be cleared: Trees: 360nos. and Poles: 40 nos Compensatory plantation at 1:25 ratio and number of trees plantation necessary is approximately 10,000 nos.which will be planted within the proposed ICD area.
Table 8.1 Tree Cuttings, Compensatory Plantation and Ecological Enhancement Costs
Estimate S. Unit Rate Particulars Unit Qty. Amount Remarks N. (Rs.) (Rs.) 1 Tree Cutting Costs
Total Nos. of Trees to be Cut No. 400
Tree Cutting Costs 1a No. 40 600 24,000 (10 ~ 30 cm girth size) Tree Cutting Costs 1b No. 360 1,200 432,000 (> 30 cm girth size) 2 Replantation Costs
Replantation No. 10,000 Bagmati River Right Bank (Nos. of Sapling @ 1:25) Replantation Costs
2a Sapling Cost No. 10,000 25 250,000
2b Cost of Plantation No. 10,000 15 150,000
1 person for 13mo. X 5 yrs. @ Protection/ Conservation Costs Rs. 10,000/mo. 2c LS 1 650,000 650,000 for 5 years (including costs for sapling replacement and fertilizer etc.) Bio-engineering and Landscape Near Jalbinayak Temple & 3 L.S 1 1,000,000 1,000,000 Improvement Works River Bank embankment area
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Estimate S. Unit Rate Particulars Unit Qty. Amount Remarks N. (Rs.) (Rs.) Bank improvement by Bagmati River Right Bank Gabion wall and Earth 4 Improvement for Compensatory L.S 1 1,000,000 1,000,000 filling up to 2m Ht. for bank Plantation Preparation protection Compensatory Plantation Area 5 L.S. 1 500,000 500,000 Bagmati River Right Bank Barbed-Wire Fencing Sub-Total 4,006,000
8.3.2 Social Enhancement Packages Large scale works of ICD construction in Bhutkhel, Chovar area is proposed under this Project. The local people in the surrounding areas are only indirectly affected by the construction works. During the interactions they have been briefed about the Project‟s activities during construction and operation. Even though there are no directly project affected people, the people living around Bhutkhel, Chovar areas have will have to bear some inconveniences during construction works. To compensate and to gain more acceptance from the local people, and as a social responsibility, some social enhancement activities are proposed to be conducted, during construction of the Project.
The activities proposed and estimated budget are as follows: Table 8.2: Social Support Costs Unit Estimate S. Particulars Unit Qty. Rate Amount Remarks N. (Rs.) (Rs.) Training to enhance skills of local Mason, Light/Heavy 1 Nos. 100 workers (skilled workers) 10,000 1,000,000 Driving Trainings Livelihood Enhancement Skills Electrical, Plumbing,
2 Development Training to local Nos. 100 Machinery Repair, 10,000 1,000,000 residents and PAF Vehicle Repair etc. Safety and Orientation to School / College Environmental / 3 Nos. 5 100,000 500,000 Students Cultural Heritage Conservation Local Area Environment For local residents 4 Improvement Awareness Campaign Nos. 8 100,000 800,000 4 times a yr. for 2 yrs. & Information material distribution Health Camps for monitoring public For local residents 5 healths of local residents during Nos. 8 100,000 800,000 4 times a yr. for 2 yrs. Construction period Drainage improvement Sanitation Improvement Works in 6 L.S. 1 in Bhutkhel Settlement Settlement Areas 500,000 500,000 Area Support for Youth Clubs for For Local Youth Clubs 7 promotion / conservation of the Local L.S. 1 500,000 500,000 active in Chovar Area Culture, Heritage and Sports Transportation Allowance for To distributeat the time 8 translocation of 16 families settled Nos. 16 25,000 400,000 of relocation inside NITDB premises after 2015
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Unit Estimate S. Particulars Unit Qty. Rate Amount Remarks N. (Rs.) (Rs.) April Earthquake Other Social Support Activities In recommendation of 9 L.S. 1 500,000 500,000 (Bagmati Cleaning Campaign etc.) local Ward Office Sub-Total 6,000,000
8.3.3 Environmental Safeguard Costs during Construction During construction, various types of costs are associated for the environmental safeguard, such as OHS and PPE, dust, noise control, pedestrian safety and the like. These activities estimated under these headings and their costs inclusions are illustrated hereunder.
Table 8.3: EnvironmentalSafeguard Costs during Construction Unit Estimate S. Particulars Unit Qty. Rate Amount Remarks N. (Rs.) (Rs.) 4 times a yr. for 2 Orientation of EMP Implementation yrs. To be provided
1 to Concerned Agencies & Nos. 8 by Const. 50,000 400,000 Contractors groups Supervision Team (ESS Team) Implementation of OHS and PPE Costs Included in 2 Safety Materials Distribution to Site L.S 1 Contractor's BOQ Workers separately Sprinkling of Water at Construction Costs Included in 3 Sites to reduce Air pollution at ICD Months 18 Contractor's BOQ and Road Construction sites separately CGI Sheet Enclosure around Costs Included in 4 Construction Site until completion of L.S 1 Contractor's BOQ construction and guarding separately Noise Barrier Sheetings at Costs Included in 5 Settlement Areas and Jal Binayak L.S 1 Contractor's BOQ Temple Side (Tot. length 600m) separately To be included in 6 Water Recharging Wells Nos. 8 100,000 800,000 Contractor's BOQ To be included in 7 Traffic Safety Personnel Months 18 2,044,000 Contractor‟s BOQ 4 times a yr. for 2 Air, Noise Level and Water Quality 8 L.S 8 50,000 400,000 yrs. By Contractor Monitoring during Construction and report to EMU External Monitoring of Environmental 4 times a yr. for 2 9 L.S 8 65,000 520,000 Compliance during Construction yrs. (PCO Off.) Sub-Total 4,164,000
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8.3.4 Jal Binayak Temple Area Local Area Improvement Plan In the close vicinity of the ICD Project area in Chovar, a culturally important monument of Jal Binayak Temple, Manjushree gorge and caves exists. These cultural areas do not fall directly within the footprints of the ICD Project‟s activities. However, these sites need to be preserved and conserved, and saved from losing its importance. At present, the area lacks basic infrastructures such as, paved roads, managed parking, drainage, lightings, toilets etc.
The activities proposed under Jal Binayak Temple Area Local Area Improvement Plan and estimated budget are as follows:
Table 8.4: Local Area Improvement Costs (at Jal Binayak Temple Area and Surrounding Areas)
S. Estimate Amount Particulars Unit Qty. Remarks N. (Rs.) 20 m Span 1 Pedestrian Crossing Bridge No. 1 14,058,688 x 2 m width Black Topping of Chovar – 7m width with 2 Jalbinayak with Intersection m 220 8,256,718 Footpath Improvement Parking Area Development 3 m2 600 1,460,153 Near Temple (Small Vehicles) Along Road, 4 Solar Street Lighting No. 50 5,800,000 Temple, Cremation Site
5 Stream Bank Protection Structure m 460 6,444,410 Gabion wall
6 Road to Cremation Site m 230 1,844,252 Along Stream
7 Walkway Improvement m 100 1,464,829
8 Toilet Construction No. 1 1,848,518 For Temple visitors
Sub-Total 41,177,568
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Table 8.5:Summary of Environmental Enhancement Costs
S. Estimate Particulars Remarks N. Amount (Rs.) Tree Cuttings, Compensatory 1 Plantation and Ecological 4,006,000 Table 8.1 Included in ICB Contract (Part A) Enhancement Costs 2 Social Support Costs 6,000,000 Table 8-2 Included in ICB Contract (Part A) 90% Included in ICB Contract (Part A) Environmental Safeguard Costs 3 4,164,000 Table 8-3 And during Construction 10% Included in NCB Contract (Part B) Local Area Improvement Costs 4 (at Jal Binayak Temple Area and 41,177,568 Table 8-4 Included in NCB Contract (Part B) Surrounding Areas) Approx. 2.07% of the total Project cost (excluding Sub Total 55,347,568 Operation Stage costs) Contractor‟s Service Charge 5,534,756 (@10%)
Total 60,882,324
8.3.5 Operations-Stage Annual Staffing Requirements and Budget In addition to the above environmental enhancement and mitigation measures cost estimate, the following operational stage staffing and budget for EHS is estimated and tabulated hereunder. The corresponding budget should be allocated by the NITDB Management Committee in its annual operational budget.
Table 8.6:Operational Stage, Environment, Health, Safety Enhancement Costs
(Yearly estimate)
S. Estimate Amount Particulars Unit Qty. Remarks N. (Rs.) Training / Orientation to ICD 1 Nos. 25 200,000 2 times a year Workers on Waste Management Landscape maintenance and 2 LS 1 500,000 Per annum greenery improvement Maintenance of Traffic Lights, LS 3 Traffic Mirrors, Sign & Signages, 1 1,000,000 Per annum Road Markings etc. Other Miscellaneous EHS LS 4 measures during Operation Stage, 1 500,000 Per annum as provisional sum Sub-Total 2,200,000
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Chapter 9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
9.1 OBJECTIVE OF ENVIRONENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
The primary objective for the preparation of Environmental Management Plan(EMP) is to implement proposed mitigation measures effectively and enhance monitoring program as well as further plan for environmental auditing for smooth and sustainable implementation of Inland Clearance Depot (ICD) Construction Project.
The specific objectives of EMP are: To define environment management principles and guidelines for all phases (pre- construction, construction and operation) of the Project; To establish the roles and responsibilities of all agencies involved in Project environmental management; To formulate protection measure implementation plan for the mitigation of significant adverse environmental impacts including augment beneficial impacts; To provide necessary staff skills and a detailed accounting of the estimated costs to implement the plan; To formulate a monitoring programs for baseline, impact and compliance monitoring; To establish a separate institutional body i.e. Environmental Monitoring Unit (EMU) to ensure effective and timely implementation; To formulate an environmental auditing and evaluation of mitigation program to be implemented after the construction of Project.
9.1.1 Environmental Management Roles and Responsibility The Project Environmental Management Framework of Proposed ICD Project is prepared to shows linkages with different parties to be involved directly or indirectly during the different phases of Project development and operation in compliance with the existing Act and Rules. Key stakeholders/agencies involved directly and indirectly for environmental management of the proposal are as follows: Ministry of Commerce (MoC) Ministry of Population and Environment (MoPE) Project Proponent- Nepal Intermodal Transport Development Board (NITDB) Construction Contractor Construction Supervision Consultant Stakeholders, Local Bodies Kirtipur Municipality (KMC) District Development Committee (DDC) Non-Governmental Local Bodies such as CBOs, NGOs and CFUGs The main roles and responsibilities of the above agencies at different stages of Project implementation phase are:
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a) During Pre-Construction Phase Ministry of Commerce The overall responsibility of the MoC comprises the coordination with the Nepal Planning Commission (NPC) and Ministry of Finance (MoF) for the final selection of site and the finalization concerning budget allocation. This ministry is the umbrella agency in Nepal undertaking the planning and construction of the Strategic ICD to prpmote trade and transport Network, to be implemented through NITDB.
Ministry of Population and Environment The Ministry shall review the EIA report to ensure that the report is prepared as per EPA, 1996 and EPR, 1997, and approved TOR. Similarly, the Ministry shall approve the EIA report providing comments and suggestions for design change, change in location, or incorporation of additional mitigation measures and monitoring requirements to minimize the adverse environmental impacts. Moreover, the Ministry shall grant approval letter to Proponent under the Sub-Rule (4) of EPR within Sixty days from the date of receipt of the proposal instructing to ensure the implementation of mitigation measures and monitoring provisions during Project construction and operation stages.
Project Proponent :Nepal Intermodal Transport Development Board (NITDB) The Proponent shall review the EIA report to ensure that it meets the EIA requirements and procedures as per EPA, 1996 (amended, 2007) and EPR 1997(amended, 2007), and other environment related acts, rules and guidelines administered by concerned agencies. The Proponent shall submit the final EIA report to the concerned line Ministry for review through the Ministry of Commerce and shall get approval from the Ministry before its implementation.
Municipality Office Municipality shall provide recommendation letter for the implementation of the Project after the study of EIA report instructing to ensure the implementation of mitigation measures.
Local Stakeholders, NGO, CBOs and CFUGs Local stakeholders shall support proponent in settling all sort of social disputes that are arouse during the process of acquisition of affected land and houses. Stakeholders shall assist affected locals; poor and indigenous people ensuring their support for resettlement and livelihoods from proponent‟s side.
b) During Construction Phase Project Proponent The proponent shall provide all the information of likely impacts and its mitigation measures as mentioned in EIA report to construction contractor before the construction and operation of highway and its associated structures. Proponent shall ensure that construction contractor will carry out the construction work in environmental friendly way and implementing mitigation measures as mentioned in the EIA report as per requirement.
Construction Contractor Construction contractor shall execute construction work in environmental friendly manner without undermining the issues and mitigation measures identified and mentioned in the EIA report. Establishment and operation of labour camp and sanitary condition of the camp shall
Page | 134 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Chovar ICD Draft Report be maintained. Contractor shall strict restrictions for labours from illegal felling of trees and use of natural resources. Contractor shall encourage local level employment in the construction of Project. The total number of labour required for this project is skilled labour (Mason, carpenter, mechanics, Electrician, Welders, etc) is 500 and Unskilled labour (including unskilled labours and assistant skilled labours) is 500 during the construction period of 1.5 years.
c) During Operational Phase Project Proponent :Nepal Intermodal Transport Development Board (NITDB) The Proponent shall ensure the operation of Project with environmental friendly manner ensuring the implementation of mitigation measures proposed in EIA report. The Proponent shall further ensure the local level employment in the Project; ensure clean emission on ambient environment, ensure all safety measures for highway operation.
Local Bodies, NGO and CBOs Local bodies such as Municipality, NGO and CBOs shall be contracted by NITDB to conduct monitoring and supervision works to measure the effectiveness of environmental enhancement of beneficial impacts and mitigation measures implemented for adverse environmental impacts of the proposed Project.
Table 9.1:Summary of Roles and Responsibilities of the Stakeholders Stakeholder Roles and Responsibilities Time Schedule It‟s a central level organization to execute the sector wise road program. EIA approval by GON Permission for Project Implementation After approval of EIA Review Project design and contract documents , against Before contract bidding MoC approved EIA measures and national environmental As and when required standards and give comments for corrective actions construction and operation Review of monitoring reports of Project construction and phases operation and give comments for corrective actions
Permission for Project Implementation EIA approval by GON Review Project design and contract documents , against After approval of EIA approved EIA measures and national environmental Before contract bidding standards and give comments for corrective actions As and when required Review of monitoring reports of Project construction and construction and operation operation and give comments for corrective actions phases Ensure that the EIA measures are incorporated in the final Project design and tender documents of Project Prior to contract award by PIU construction and operation under MoC NITDB Acquire necessary permits and approval for Project construction and operation. Ensure that the Project construction and operation Before construction activities are in accordance with EIA and other GON During construction, and legislative requirements. operation phase Monitoring and record keeping regarding environmental During construction, and measures and impacts. operation Ensure public participation and involvement in Project During construction, and implementation and operation. operation. Compilation of environmental monitoring and
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Stakeholder Roles and Responsibilities Time Schedule performance report and dispatch for review through Every 2 month during proponent to stakeholders. construction Compilation of Environmental monitoring and performance report of construction activity and dispatch Once within 3 months of for review through proponent to stakeholders. construction completion Compilation of Environmental monitoring and performance report of operation activity and dispatch for Once in three months for the review to stakeholders first two years of operation Supervision, baseline, compliance and impact monitoring of construction contractor's activities as per Daily, weekly, monthly, three responsibilities in the contract document and advise the monthly proponent and Supervising specialist for needed actions at the site in regular environmental management meetings. This specialist is contracted by Client and they Environmental report to the client. Regularly during construction Specialist Monitoring of implementation of the socio-economic phase (From physical, cultural, chemical and biological environmental Construction responsibilities of the proponent not included in the Supervision contract document and advise the proponent for needed Regularly during construction Consultant) actions phase Provide needed corrective action as per the field requirements to minimize the impacts Bi-monthly during construction Prepare environmental monitoring report of the and after three months of the Projectconstruction and forward to the proponent for Project construction completion. review to the stakeholder Supervise the construction works as per the provisions of Regularly during construction EIA and direct construction contractor in consultation with phase the environmental engineers for the environmental Construction improvement Supervising Preside monthly Environmental Management and Health Monthly during construction Engineers and Safety Meetings of the supervising engineers, contractors and Environmental Engineers and maintain the records for implementation status and needed corrective actions Implement mitigation measures as specified in EIA or as Daily during construction phase instructed by supervising engineer Regularly during construction First hand monitoring and record keeping of phase. Construction environmental mitigation measures implemented and
Contractor their performance Regularly during construction Implement any corrective actions specified by phase supervising engineers within specified time First 1 years of operation phase Provide training to operator Provide recommendations to the proponent with Prior to proposal comments and suggestions and assist proponent in the implementation Project implementation Assist in public consultation awareness building During construction and Municipalities organized by the proponent operation Assist and provide suggestions to the proponent in the matters related to community mobilization During construction and Assist Ministry of Environment in the proposal audit operation Review of monitoring reports of Project construction and
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Stakeholder Roles and Responsibilities Time Schedule operation and give comments for corrective actions Operation Ensure that transparency in the Project activities are maintained by all the concerned stakeholders as per EIA As and when required report and commitments construction and operation phases Regularly during construction and operation Prior to proposal Provide recommendations to the proponent with implementation comments and suggestions and assist proponent in the During construction and Project implementation operation Assist in public consultation awareness building During construction and organized by the proponent operation Affected Assist and provide suggestions to the proponent in the Operation Village matters related to community mobilization As and when required Development Assist Ministry of environment in the proposal audit construction and operation Committees Review of monitoring reports of Project construction and phases operation and give comments for corrective actions Pre-construction and as and Ensure that transparency in the Project activities are when required during maintained by all the concerned stakeholders as per EIA construction and operation report and commitments Regularly during construction and operation Provide recommendations to the proponent with Prior to proposal comments and suggestions and assist proponent in the implementation Project implementation During construction and Assist in public consultation awareness building operation organized by the proponent During construction and NGOs, Assist and provide suggestions to the proponent in the operation CBOs, WUG, matters related to community mobilization CFUG Assist Ministry of environment in the proposal audit Operation Review of monitoring reports of Project construction and operation and give comments for corrective actions Ensure that transparency in the Project activities are As and when required maintained by all the concerned stakeholders as per EIA construction and operation report and commitments phases Source: EIA Study Team, 2017
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9.1.2 Organization and Staffing for EMP Implementation
Figure 9.1: Organization Framework for the Implementation of EMP
9.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT UNIT
The Environmental Management Unit (EMU) is proposed to be established, which works directly under the Project Director, during the entire construction period, and oversees the EMP implementation by the Contractor and provides necessary reporting. The members of the EMU will be as follows and all associated costs will be borne by the Client.
EMU Team :
Environmentalist – 1 no.from Construction Supervision Consultant, resident at site Environmental Inspector – 1 no.from Construction Supervision Consultant, resident at site Social Inspector/ Public Relation Officer– 1 no. from Construction Supervision Consultant, resident at site Stakeholders‟ Representative – 1 no.from Ward No. 6 representative
Note :Air quality, water quality and noise level will be measured and monitored by the Contractor. The EMU team will be overviewing the overall monitoring of issues related to environment of the Project during construction period.
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9.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING MANAGEMENT PLAN
Three types of monitoring are envisaged in the plan, namely: Baseline Monitoring, Compliance Monitoring and Impact Monitoring. Since the required databases for the environmental baseline are already collected by the EIA study, the project is not envisaged to require Baseline Monitoring. The compliance monitoring comprises two parts; the first is the compliance to the enhancement actions and second compliance to mitigation actions including the corrective actions issued.
The impact monitoring in the plan relates to only those measurable indicators in the socio- economic, Cultural/Physical, Chemical and Biological environments. For each of the monitoring indicators, monitoring methods, frequency of monitoring, responsible parties along with the required cost estimates have been estimated(Refer to Table 10-3 and Table 10-5). The benefits augmentation and mitigation measures as included in Chapter 6 will be implemented as follows.
Detailed Site Specific – EMAP will be duly developed by the contractor prior to commence of Construction works, which will detail the environmental mitigation measures, in a site specific manner, mentioning the quantities, locations, magnitude, extent etc, for all the possible adverse impact due to the project activities and approved by the Supervision Consultant.
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9.3.1 Plan for Beneficial Impacts Augmentation Measures
Table 9.4: EMP for Beneficial Impacts Augmentation Plan Responsible Agency Possible Beneficial Impacts Enhancement Associated No. Project Activities Monitoring of Impact Implementing Supporting Impacts Measures Costs Agency Agency Construction Phase Inspect & confirm labor Locals including Project-affected Project Generation of Contractor/ related clauses are families, poor and indigenous Employment Sub Contractor No additional Employment of adequately stated in people as well as women will be i opportunities and costs Labors Contractor‟s Contract encouraged to participate in increase of associated Document construction works and give first Income priority for work Site inspection & labor Whenever practical, scheduling Project Increase in the interview the construction works during the income level of Verify with contractors payroll agricultural off-season to enable local people Contractor/ local people to become engaged through Sub Contractor No additional Employment of Include binding clause in ii opportunity to costs Labors Contractor's Contract Document to work and involve associated give priority for local people with in income govt. accepted wage and recruit generation local labor impartially without favor activities or gender discrimination Inspect related clause in Provide on-the-job training and Contractor/ Contractor‟s Contract practical training to local workforce Sub Contractor Document on operation of equipments & Consulting Additional Strengthening of Employment of Inspect Contractor‟s Training construction works Engineer budgeting iii skills and Project Labors to labors details Include binding clause in should be done capacity of locals Site inspection & labor Contractor's Contract Document as required interview for providing on-the-job training to local workforce Operation Phase Increase in Inspect Project‟s construction Locals are likely to be involved in Project No additional various income design and plans various income generation Engineer, costs i Economic benefit generation activities from small to large scare Contractor activities business around the project area. ii Saving of Vehicle Inspect Project‟s construction Enhancing the vehicles condition, Engineer, Project No additional
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Responsible Agency Possible Beneficial Impacts Enhancement Associated No. Project Activities Monitoring of Impact Implementing Supporting Impacts Measures Costs Agency Agency Running Cost design and plans maintenance and running cost Contractor costs Inspect Project‟s construction Establishment and operation of No additional design and plans various sorts of cottage and small- costs scale industries including large- Number of scale industries will further Industrial, Trade industries generate employment opportunity Contractor, Project / and established and iii to the locals. Proponent, Traffic BusinessDevelop operated in the Locals are likely to be involved Engineer Police ment project area will into the trade and business be studied activities of various forms generating livelihood at local level increasing income Enhancement of Control Air Examine the air quality Enhancing air pollution control Proponent, Project No additional iv Local Environment Pollution periodically of the area around the area Engineer /MoPE costs Inspect enhancement / No additional Enhancement of Economical increase in local economic / Proponent, costs v Enhancing economic activates Project Local Economy benefit business activities within Engineer influence areas
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9.3.2 Plan for Adverse Impacts Mitigation Plan Proposed mitigation measures for adverse impacts identified are presented in the respective Chapter of the EIA report. Most of the proposed mitigation measures are considered to be the civil Engineering and their costs are presented in the Project cost and also have been briefly presented in the following Matrix. A proposed mitigation plans during and after construction are shown in Table 9.5.
Table 9.5:EMP for Adverse Impacts Mitigation Responsible Associated Issue Project Activities Possible Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Time Implementing Costs & its No. Agency provision Physical Environment (Pre-Construction Phase) P1 Physical Impacts due to the Demolition activities of existing Cement Factory To the extent possible, maintain noise levels associated with all machinery and Maintain all on-site vehicle speeds at or below 10 kmph. Commissioned Increased dust There will be no work during the night time, During Pre- by contracting emission and noise Entire project area and the to reduce the noise. Construction Construction Project out to a 1 pollution surrounding area Road water sprinkling and water sprinkling Site and Proponent separate inside ICD if dust emission is prevalent construction contractor by Use of face mask and ear muffles will be the NITDB done Transportation vehicles will be properly covered. Ensuring safe drinking water facility for workers. Occupational health Construction of sanitary toilets and and safety, bathrooms. During Project Environmental No additional Within the Project area and Proper management and disposal of solid Construction Construction Proponent/ 2 health and safety Associated the Connecting road waste generated from the camp. Site and CFUGs/ hazard and risk of costs operation Stakeholders accidents Sprinkling water on the road to project area, and within project so as to reduce dust pollution. Providing first aid facility to the workers on
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Responsible Associated Issue Project Activities Possible Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Time Implementing Costs & its No. Agency provision site and also on the camp. Increase in traffic Along the existing road to Along the Contractor/ No additional Proper traffic control will be done by During 3 volume during project area and within ICD proposed Project Associated contractor Construction transfer of debris area site Proponent costs P2 Impacts on air, noise and water quality degradation due to construction activities Preventive mitigation measures, such as selection of equipment and proper maintenance will be followed. Preventive mitigation measures, such as spraying water at the work areas and Air pollution and washing the vehicles before they leave the quality degradation construction sites, will be proposed. due to operation of Contractor will carry out dust protection Along the During drilling machines, measures during project construction site construction Air pollution due to Construction excavators, vehicle and on access road with water sprinkling. site, operation of drilling phase and movements on Prohibit open burning of any refuse / waste workshops, Rs.3,240,000 machines, excavators, during 4 roads to proposed construction material material Contractor (Refer Table vehicle movements on operation of project area with storage 8-3 S.N.3) unpaved surface within Identify sources of air pollution (such as spoil alteration on the sites, project area and on road uncovered earth/ sand / aggregate piles) disposal level of air quality disposal and take appropriate measures to avoid sites parameters like pollution sites NO2, SO2, TSP and Prohibit vehicles and equipment which emit PM10 excessive exhaust and make periodic servicing and maintenance of the vehicles mandatory Maintain the air quality level as prescribedby National Air Quality Standard as listed in Annex II-B Noise pollution due to Preventing noise pollution due to operation
operation of drilling of drilling machines, excavators, vehicle During Construction by machines, excavators, movements on unpaved surface within Entire 5 construction Contractor Rs.3,240,000 machine vehicle movements on project area and access road alignment phase (Refer Table unpaved surface within Loud and intense sound generating works 8-3 S.N.4) project area and road shall be avoided after dark
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Responsible Associated Issue Project Activities Possible Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Time Implementing Costs & its No. Agency provision Maintain the Noise level as Prescribe by National Noise Quality Standard as listed in Annex II-B. Control in washing of vehicles nearby water sources. Avoid surface water discharge into farmland or risky locations, Do not divert water away from natural water Degradation of water course unless it is absolutely necessary Adjacent of During Rs. 400,000 Operation of 6 qualities of existing construction construction Contractor ( refer Table construction Avoid blockage or diversion of natural rivers/water sources. channels due to construction work and site. phase 8-3 S.N.8) disposal of spoils within the project area near river side Maintain the water quality as Prescribe by National Water Quality Standard as listed in Annex II-B. P3 Impacts / issues due to originating from solid wastes, soil waste & Liquid waste generation Undertake necessary institutional Solid waste coordination and allocate budget plan for generated hiring collection and disposal service from provider. constructio Construction and Workers and camps in-charge will be n materials use of the stock trained for source segregation and like spoil. yard, concrete Solid waste generated Handling of generated solid waste at site. Solid waste Contractor, mixing plant, from labor camps either Establish solid waste collection and generated During Included in Supervision 7 storage, etc., dumped or managed in management through incineration, proper from Labor construction Project Civil Engineer Construction and solid waste container in the landfill and decomposing for degradable Camps, phase Cost
use of the Workers‟ premises of project area wastes in pit at labour camps. stock yard, Camp. Develop and implement waste water management “Code of Conduct” and treatment enforce strict penalty to violator of “Code of plant and Conduct”. entire Educate about non-use of bio non- constructio degradable materials such as plastic, n site.
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Responsible Associated Issue Project Activities Possible Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Time Implementing Costs & its No. Agency provision metal, glass etc. and separation of such waste material and incineration safely Prohibit direct discharge of grey water into river system Along the Contractor, Construction and use of the Workers‟ During Included in Construction, Liquid entire Supervision 8 Impact due to liquid waste Camp, including septic tanks and soak pits construction Project Civil waste. construction Engineer phase Cost Construction and operation of the water site. treatment plant for the turbid water from construction sites Storing and handling of fuel, lubricants Construction and bitumen etc. should be done in a safe use of the Workers manner. Camp‟s septic Storing compounds shall have fire tanks, extinguisher facilities. Construction and Used lubricants shall not be discarded in a operation of the haphazard manner or disposed in streams Contractor, Labor and During Associated water treatment Impact due to produce of and water sources. Supervision 9 Contractors construction with Project plant for the turbid Liquid Waste Direct cleaning of vehicles or equipment Engineer camps phase cost. water from should prohibit in streams, rivers or canals. construction sites. Avoid contamination if Liquid waste with Reinstatement of water sources in case of spillage. Bitumen yard and Enforce strict regulation to avoid spillage fuel, lubricants and collection of used oils, lubricants, and storage area appropriate disposal by controlled incineration or sell P4 Impacts / issues on Top Soil and Soil Contamination Activities of Impact due to Soil Education of the workers about the Equipment No Associated construction Contamination negative impacts of soil contamination. Service cost equipment and Training of good handling of the oils and Yard, Labor Contractor, During tools, chemicals to avoid soil contamination. Camps, Supervision 10 construction Construction and Preparation of clear guidelines of handling, Stock Engineer phase use of the stock recycling and discarding the empty yard/Storage yard, concrete containers or bags of the chemicals. area mixing plant, Designation of site managers who monitors Mixing plants
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Responsible Associated Issue Project Activities Possible Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Time Implementing Costs & its No. Agency provision storage, etc. condition of stock yards. area, and entire project area Impact on top soil Impact on top soil and its Education to the workers about the No Associated and it degradation management importance of top spoil and it use. cost Training of good handling, collection, storage and management of top soil if applicable Storage and handling of bitumen shall be done properly as per the manual and guideline and contamination with the Entire existing water source should be avoided. Contractor, Project area During Strict code of conduct should be regulated Supervision 11 Stock construction in the construction area and avoid spilling Engineer yard/Storage phase and leakage the chemicals in the work area area. Pouring of oils/lubricants shall be avoided so that it does not degrade the agricultural land located nearby of the construction area. Preparation of clear guidelines of handling, collection, storage, management and reuse of top soil. P5 Impact of Chemical upon Environment Workshops and chemical storage sites will Chemical contamination of not be established nearer to the water water bodies due to Mechanical parts/ bodies and river side. mechanical parts/ vehicle Bitumen drums will be stored at designated Workshops workshop/ vehicle During Rs. 400,000 maintenance and locations and not scattered within the ICD and batch 12 maintenance and cleaning construction Contractor ( refer Table cleaning and mixing area. mixing plant and mixing of its discharge phase 8-3 S.N.8) of its discharge into sites into water bodies. If contaminated; the contaminated runoff water bodies Possible areas: Bagmati from storage areas will be captures in River corridor ditches or ponds with an oil trap at the outlet.
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Responsible Associated Issue Project Activities Possible Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Time Implementing Costs & its No. Agency provision Chemical such as epoxy, gypsum, additives, Workshops During During site clearance, all cut and grubbed Associated From Construction admixtures, cements, and batch construction 13 materials will be kept at a secured location Contractor with Project materials bitumen etc. residues mixing plant phase so to maintain environmental safety. cost mixing in land and water sites bodies P6 Impacts due to Labour Camp, Contractor’s Camp operation Right after Along the Labor Camp and the Associated Recovering and rehabilitating temporary entire 14 Contractor‟s camp Temporary loss of land completion Contractor with Project loss of lands construction operation of cost site construction Labor Camp and Labor Camp During Associated Contractor‟s camp and 15 Solid waste disposal issues Avoiding direct disposal of Solid waste operation of Contractor with Project operation camp Contractor‟s camps cost activities camp sites Managing safe disposal of toilet waste to Surface and ground water prevent surface and ground water Labor Camp and contamination from contamination Labor Camp During Contractor‟s camp unsanitary disposal of toilet Sanitary wastes and excreta shallbe safely and Associated 16 operation of Contractor operation camp waste. disposed into septic tanks Contractor‟s with Project camps activities Possible areas: Bagmati The contractors shallfurther ensure that camp sites River corridor labour workers shallnot dispose chemicals, raw sewage, and wastewater effluent P7 Physical Impacts due to slope instability of embankment area and due to slope instability, landslide, erosion of soil Construction of the Possible hazard mapping within the project soil disposal site, area will be undertaken and disposal Impact upon slope Along the Rs. 100,000 Analysis of soil and rock type at cut slopes During 17 activities , instability of embankment construction Contractor ( refer Table angle will be undertaken Construction Construction, filling slopes and hill slopes site 8-1 S.N.3) and cutting of the Possible hazard due to earthwork will be area managed properly by the contractor Slope cutting for Soil erosion, gully formation Cut spots and embankments will avoid the Along the During Rs. 100,000 18 Contractor width formation and at new open cut sections creation of angle greater than the natural fresh cutting Construction ( refer Table
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Responsible Associated Issue Project Activities Possible Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Time Implementing Costs & its No. Agency provision clearance of angle of repose for the local soil type. slopes 8-1 S.N.3) vegetation within Re-vegetation of cut slopes will be carried vulnerable to project area out as soon as possible. landslide Destruction of vegetation in the right of way after will be minimal as far as applicable. destruction P8 Physical Impacts due to incorrect disposal of excess excavated earth material Avoiding direct disposal and stockpiling of Direct disposal and excavated materials at the slope side Direct disposal of Side of the deposition of excavated toward Bagmati river. Associated spoil into proposed During 19 materials at the valley side Volume of excess material will be Contractor with Project surrounding river construction Construction of the river and vegetation estimated from project area cost and at its banks site cover and its loss Available areas / sites where safe disposal is possible will be identified Detail area survey, Natural proper identification drainage During Side casting, side pilling Associated of tipping sites and Avoiding impact upon natural drainage from identified Construction Contractor/ 20 and dumping on spoil with Project embankment disposal along the and Proponent disposal site. cost management works construction operation will be analyzed site. P9 Impacts on Bagmati river environment River flow regime and Hydrological Study will be carried out Construction plan in view of minimizing its Water outlet from impact on groundwater. the concrete plant, Prohibit direct discharge of grey water into Within the other construction river system Impact due to project Bagmati Associated facilities and the During 21 activities on Bagmati river Install septic tanks and soak pits for all river and Contractor with Project Workers‟ Camp, Construction and its tributaries system toilets including labour toilets other water cost Construction of the Prohibit discharge of muddy water, washed sources soil disposal site, & out water, into river system at all times disposal activities, Contractor‟s Environment Inspector should be made responsible to monitor water quality discharged into river system during
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Responsible Associated Issue Project Activities Possible Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Time Implementing Costs & its No. Agency provision construction works Bagmati River shall be protected on right bank by protection wall, and the bank area will be filled up and the area will be planted with trees P10 Impacts due to Drainage, Sewage System and into nearby water bodies Site clearance Within the project site and Contractor/ Demolition works Inspect damage due to water logging and Construction Construction 22 its surrounding water Project Construction in the Project influence areas site. Phase system Proponent Associated Activities with Project Site clearance Project is located adjacent to Bagmati Potential risks to the project Along the Pre- Contractor/ cost Demolition works River. Based on available hydrological and 23 caused by river flooding or entire project construction Project Construction meteorological information, it is not erosion site phase Proponent Activities assumed to be flood prone. P11 Impact/Issues of OHS due Construction Activities Working safety measures will be executed by the contractor to workers providing ample numbers but not limited to helmets, boots, rubber gloves, and masks as required. Worker will be provided with Life insurance of each worker of the project. Along the Construction Occupational Health and First aid facilities for the workers will be Contractor/ Rs. 500,000 construction During 24 Activities Safety of labours during provided at working sites as well as at Project ( refer Table and labour construction construction labour camp sites. Proponent 8-3 S.N.2) camp sites Provide fire extinguishers at labour camps and other required places. Routine health check-ups shall be provided to labor, Ensure restriction of unauthorized people, children of workers inside the construction area Construction Health and Safety of the Earth excavation and construction work will Along the During Contractor/ Associated 25 Activities local people not be executed during night hours. entire excavation Project with Project
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Responsible Associated Issue Project Activities Possible Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Time Implementing Costs & its No. Agency provision Time schedule of of such work will be fixed construction and Proponent cost and will be informed to locals as well as site construction dissemination related information through works voice media and newspaper. Awareness will be provided to locals about health and safety regarding such activities. Handling of explosives, its transportation, storing and use will be other issues of Safety issues due to Along the Construction safety during construction. Handling of Contractor/ Associated handling of explosives, entire During 26 Activities combustible and explosive will be carried Project with Project during transporting, storing construction construction out as per prevalent acts and regulations. Proponent cost and use site Provide fire extinguishers at labour camps and other required places. P12 Impact/Issues due to operation of concrete plant/hot mix plant Construction work Air pollution Asphalt plant, metal crusher activities /Preparation of Mix should be controlled. (e.g. asphalt hot- mix plants should be downwind of close sensitive receptors such as schools, religious places etc.) Along the Sites should be selected for these plants at During Contractor/ Associated entire 27 least 500m away from the sensitive construction Project with Project construction receptors. works Proponent cost site Temperature of the Hot-mix plant should be controlled at appropriate level in order to control exhaust gasses to comply relevant emission standards
Oil and grease spill Degradation of land and and oil soaked water quality. Along the materials will be During Contractor/ Associated Check Labeled: Waste Oil; and Hazardous entire 28 collected and stored construction Project with Project sign be displayed construction in labeled works Proponent cost site containers
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Responsible Associated Issue Project Activities Possible Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Time Implementing Costs & its No. Agency provision P13 Impact/Issues due to operation of Batching plant Construction work Local people and labor Location of the batching plant will be force are prone to air, noise monitored and away from public and water Batching During Contractor/ Associated and water pollution source Plant 29 construction Project with Project Monitor the operation as per the location/ works Proponent cost manufacturer‟s specification and with dust Project area control and noise control devices. Operation Phase P14 Impact on air and water Quality during project operation Plant trees within the project area wherever possible and along the road especially in the /community areas. Use of face masks for site workers. Do not wash vehicle, or dispose cement slurry, other hazardous substances etc. in water bodies Spray water within project facility and on the access road to project are at regular Impact due to air pollution; intervals to reduce the air pollution caused Plying of vehicles Entire the Contractor/ 400,000 as large number of vehicles by ascending dust particles Operation 30 and Operation of construction Project ( refer Table will ply through the project Transportation vehicles will be properly phase the project site Proponent 8-3 S.N.8) area covered Leave buffer zones of undisturbed vegetation between project sites and community area Maintenance of vehicles will be regular and effective so that air pollution is reduced considerably Maintain the Noise level as Prescribe by Nation Ambient Sound Quality Standard as listed in Annex II-B. Transportation vehicles will be properly Entire the Contractor/ Rs. 3,240,000 Impact upon air and water Operation 31 Plying of vehicles covered by trampoline . construction Project (refer Table due to plying of vehicles phase Do not divert water away from natural water site Proponent 8-3 S.N.3)
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Responsible Associated Issue Project Activities Possible Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Time Implementing Costs & its No. Agency provision course unless it is absolutely necessary Do not wash vehicle, or dispose cement slurry, other hazardous substances etc. in water bodies Avoid blockage or diversion of natural channels due to construction work and disposal of spoils Polluted water which comes from the ICD that will be treated and then only it will mix to the river system Maintain the water quality as Prescribe by National Water Quality Standard as listed in Annex II-B. P15 Impact due to and noise and Vibration pollution during project operation To the extent possible, maintain noise levels associated with all machinery and Maintain all on-site vehicle speeds at or below 10 kmph. Use of high pressure horns will be avoided as far as possible in the ICD area Use of face mask and ear muffles will be done Installation of Operation of the The noise from the increase There will be no work during the night time, During Along the Contractor/ Sound Barrier; project traffic around project area to reduce the noise. construction 32 construction Project Included in Increase in Nos. of and project construction and Declaration of “No Horn” Zone around area Proponent Contractor‟s traffic. activities operation schools, settlement and construction areas. BOQ Proper maintenance of vehicles so that they will produce less sound Use of high pressure horns will be avoided as far as possible in the construction area Maintain the water quality as Prescribe by National Water Quality Standard as listed in Annex II-B
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Responsible Associated Issue Project Activities Possible Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Time Implementing Costs & its No. Agency provision P16 Impact due to Generation of Toxic waste, Lubricant, Oil, Grease from Vehicle Workshop Mechanical parts/ vehicle Workshops and chemical storage sites will maintenance, cleaning not be established nearer to the water After the and mixing of its bodies and river side. Operation of the completion discharge into water Used fuels and lubricants will be stored at project with of Contractor/ Associated bodies designated locations and not scattered Along the 33 Vehicles construction Project with Project around the site. alignment maintenance and and before Proponent cost breakout If contaminated; the contaminated runoff the from storage areas will be captures in operation ditches or ponds with an oil trap at the outlet. P17 Impact of noise Pollution from the traffic on the Road to nearby local residents Proper management of the road to avoid unnecessary noise pollution > 80dBA. Installation of Restrict to use pressure horns by vehicles During Within and Contractor/ Sound Barrier; Movement of new Increase in Noise pollution users construction 34 Outside of Project Included in traffic of the road side Conduct awareness to vehicles users and project area Proponent Contractor‟s regarding noise pollution and its impacts operation BOQ Proper management on the road to avoid unnecessary noise pollution. P 18 Issues related to High Vehicle Speed and Area Safety Addressing road safety and safe driving Operation of the Possible road accidents condition in the road project area and Around the Contractor/ due to increase in numbers Erection of Signs and Signals at road Operation 35 plying of large construction Project of vehicles, vehicles crossings phase number of vehicles site Proponent speeds. into the area Proper light system for night will be placed around the project area. Rs. 2,044,000 Installation of traffic Manage local traffic at all times during ( refer Table Along the Contractor/ signals and Issues related to traffic construction period Operation 8-3 S.N.7) 36 construction Project indicators including management phase Traffic Control Staff should be deputed at site Proponent separate traffic lane all times during construction period Likely fire hazards Inside the Construction Contractor/ Fire hazard and emergency Avoiding Fire hazard and promoting 37 due to vehicle construction and Project evacuation emergency evacuation accident and site Operation Proponent
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Responsible Associated Issue Project Activities Possible Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Time Implementing Costs & its No. Agency provision evacuation due phase other contingency activities P19 Issues related to sewer disposal and surface runoff Design effective drainage system by considering water Verify natural drainages at possible Construction Under the premises of Inside the Contractor/ Rs. 100,000 collection, drainage problem sites and 38 Project area as in drainage construction Project ( refer Table conveyance, Periodically clean and maintain all cross Operation and nearby river bodies site Proponent 8-3 S.N.6) disposal of surface drainage facilities phase water runoff of project area Ensure well function of treatment plant Maintain reliability of wastewater treatment Construction for reducing BOD Surrounding to the project Inside the Contractor/ Rs. 100,000 plant and 39 and COD level of area and nearby river construction Project ( refer Table Analyze the data observed through Operation wastewater before surface site Proponent 8-3 S.N.6) measuring wastewater quality phase discharge into river at safe mode Biological Environment (Construction Phase) B1 Permanent loss of Forest Areas Clearance of about 400 Mitigation measures for the loss of trees numbers of matured tress will be compensatory re-plantation at the of Kainyo, Utish and ratio of 1:25.as per Re-plantation Plan Pre- Within the Contractor/ Rs. 1,050,000 Masala, Dhupi species is The NITDB shall take the responsibility of construction periphery of Project ( refer Table 40 Site clearance required. Out of which protection of the 10,000 trees that are phase and construction Proponent/ 8-1 S.N.2 a,b about 209 nos. from ICD planted along the Bagmati River bank, as construction area. CFUGs/NITDB & c) area and 77nos. from part of the compensatory plantation phase Residential Quarter area program, even after the 5 year period of formation. sapling protection is over Along the Pre- Contractor/ Rs. 200,000 Plantation will be carried out along the Impact upon shrub land and forest area construction Project ( refer Table 41 Site clearance Bagmati River‟s right bank land and other loss of vegetation of phase and Proponent/ 8-1 S.N. 3 & areas in the vicinity of Jal Binayak Temple construction construction CFUGs 4)
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Responsible Associated Issue Project Activities Possible Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Time Implementing Costs & its No. Agency provision site phase
B2 Impact due to disturbance to species of flora and fauna of the project area Cutting and felling of protected and threatened species will be avoided as far Along the Pre- as possible. Rs. 456,000 Site clearance and forest area construction Contractor/ Possible depletion of Coordination with DFO and CFUGs to ( refer Table 42 construction of phase and Project threatened species control the activities like illegal hunting and 8-1 S.N.2 a,b activities construction construction Proponent poaching of wild fauna, especially listed in & c) site. phase CITES and IUCN red data book by enforcing acts and regulations strictly B3 Indirect impact of forest area degradation and possible loss of vegetation Awareness program will be launched to the Along the labor and gas or kerosene stoves are used. Construction forest area Contractor/ Contractor‟s camps Pressure on forests for fuel Local community, forest users group, and 43 of Project operation activities wood in labor camps school going children should be given operation construction Proponent awareness training on protection of forest phase area. Rs. 400,000 and wildlife ( refer Table The project will closely coordinate with Along the 8-3 S.N.1) Forest Office and its outlets to control Labor camp, Impact due to wildlife forest area Contractor/ illegal poaching and trapping by the project Construction 44 equipment storage poaching, illegal tree felling of Project stakeholders or other outside wildlife phase and workshops and fire hazards construction Proponent poachers, wildlife traders and timber area. smugglers. B4 Indirect impact of forest area degradation and possible loss of vegetation for timber and fuel wood by construction labors Along the Contractor will provide legal sources of forest area Associated Contractor‟s camps Pressure on forests for fuel energy in labour camps. Construction 45 and labour Contractor with Project operation activities wood in labour camps No firewood shall be used for kitchen phase camp cost purpose vicinities B5 Impact due to disturbance to species of flora and fauna of the forest area Site clearance and Study of existence of rare, endemic, Associated Possible depletion of Around the Construction 46 construction endangered, protected and threatened Contractor with Project threatened species project area phase activities species of flora and fauna in the vicinity of cost
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Responsible Associated Issue Project Activities Possible Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Time Implementing Costs & its No. Agency provision the area. Biological Environment (Operation phase) B7 Impact on flora and fauna of the project area Awareness programs to leasehold and CFUGs are required to avoid degradation upon existing flora and fauna. Along the Construction The project management will closely forest area Project Associated Plant and animals will be phase and 47 Site clearance coordinate with Forest Office and CFUGs of project Proponent/ with Project affected in the project area. operation to control illegal felling of trees, illegal area, and CFUGs cost phase poaching and trappings by other outside camp sites wildlife poachers, wildlife traders and timber smugglers of surround area of project site. B8 Gradual encroachment into forest areas, and loss of forest resource due to forest clearance. Awareness program should be launched to the people. Restriction to wildlife harassment by the Increase in workers. Project Associated settlement areas Encroachment into forest Along the Operation 48 Proponent/ with Project along the project areas The NITDB project shall launch forest forest area phase CFUGs cost area. management and wildlife conservation awareness program for the community forest management committee staff members Socio-Economic & Cultural Environment (Construction Phase) S1 Impact due to Private/Public Property Acquisition for Construction Project area Pre- Impact due to change of Along the clearance for No need to compensate for the land, construction Contractor/ Associated approximately 195 ropani of entire 49 construction of because these land belongs to former and Project with Project land areas into project construction different project Himal Cement Factory construction Proponent cost formation. area components. phase Project area Impact due to displacement clearance for of temporary residents 16 families‟ livelihood and possibility of Contractor/ Rs. 400,000 Construction construction 50 construction of within Project‟s Land. moving out to their own houses before the Project ( refer Table area. phase residential quarters 16 families reside in construction. Proponent 8-2 S.N 8) temporary sheds built within
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Responsible Associated Issue Project Activities Possible Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Time Implementing Costs & its No. Agency provision the premises of Project‟s land, who need to be moved out S2 Impact due to demolition of existing structures and relocation of Physical Facilities Inspect and monitor implementation of Demolition works demolition plan and procedural made by Demolition issues and Site clearance Project, with concerned agencies Pre- relocation of physical Construction Associated 51 Storage Inspect relocation plan made by Project, Construction Contractor facilities of the project area area. with Project &Transportation of with concerned agencies area. and its associated pollution debris Inspect alternative provisions made by Project to tackle disruptions S3 Impact due to Outside Workers Possible impact on social, Security systems will be established to Project Associated Contractor‟s camp cultural and religious avoid various sorts of conflicts between the Around the Construction Proponent/ 52 with Project operation activities practices due to in- local and immigrants workers during the project area phase Local cost migration of people time of construction. Stakeholders Contractor and labour workers will be responsible to maintain healthy sanitary and hygiene condition of labour camps and Contractor/ Rs. 1,300,000 Contractor‟s camp Degradation of sanitation Along the Construction its vicinity. Project ( refer Table operation activities and hygiene condition project area phase Awareness programs to local people will be Proponent 8-2 S.N 5 & 6) provided regarding environment health and safety Impacts due to influx of people are anticipated. Immigration of Pressure upon existing outside workers, natural resources such as establishment of Contractor will be responsible to manage Along the water, existing food Contractor/ Associated labour camp, all the labour workers maintaining their project area Construction 53 availability, existing Project with Project economic activity of daily schedule of labour camp and working and labour phase educational facilities are Proponent cost labours with locals hours of workers. camp sites likely to be affected with the at market and increase in the number of settlement areas outside workers and the utilization of such resources
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Responsible Associated Issue Project Activities Possible Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Time Implementing Costs & its No. Agency provision and increase in the number of student in the existing educational facilities. Install road marking & its timely re- marking when it‟s worn out & invisible by drivers. Erect Impact due to traffic and Inspect proper road marking and safety Rs. 2,044,000 Along the danger & accident. devices are installed Contractor/ ( refer Table alignment Construction 54 precautionary signs Around the local area and Verify that enough danger and Project 8-3 S.N 7 and labour phase and signals at the project site precautionary signs are erected and are Proponent &Table 8-4, camp sites potential danger readable S.N. 1) areas. Provide street lights and reflectors to avoid night-time accidents S4 Health and safety issues during Construction Working safety measures will be executed by the contractor to workers providing ample numbers but not limited to helmets, boots, rubber gloves, and masks as required. Worker will be provided with Life insurance Site clearance, of each worker of the project. Along the
excavation of slope, Occupational Health and First aid facilities for the workers will be construction Contractor/ During Rs. 500,000 55 surfacing work, Safety of labours during provided at working sites as well as at site and Project construction ( refer Table construction of construction labour camp sites. labour camp Proponent 8-3 S.N 2) structures Provide fire extinguishers at labour camps sites and other required places. Routine health check-ups shall be provided to labor, Ensure restriction of unauthorised people, children of workers inside the construction area
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Responsible Associated Issue Project Activities Possible Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Time Implementing Costs & its No. Agency provision Earth excavation and construction work will not be executed during night hours. Time Rs. 500,000 During Site clearance, Ply schedule of such work will be fixed and will Along the ( refer Table excavation Contractor/ of Construction Health and Safety of the be informed to locals as well as entire 8-2 S.N 3) 56 and Project vehicles and local people dissemination related information through construction Rs. 2,044,000 construction Proponent construction work. voice media and newspaper. Awareness site ( refer Table works will be provided to locals about health and 8-3 S.N 7) safety regarding such activities. Handling of explosives (if required), its Safety issues due to Site clearance, Ply transportation, storing and use will be other handling of explosives (if Along the Contractor/ Associated of Construction issues of safety during construction. During 57 required), during entire Project with Project vehicles and Handling of combustible and explosive will construction transporting, storing and alignment Proponent cost construction work. be carried out as per prevalent acts and use regulations. Awareness raising to promote gender Gender involvement and equality and involvement on work site and Child labor during stop using child labor on construction work construction Preventive/curative measure will be Along the Rs. 500,000 Contractor/ During construction Involving child labor on introduced along the alignment to control entire During ( refer Table 58 Project work construction of work on use to child labor construction construction 8-2 S.N 3) Proponent entire construction of Preference shall be given to the residents site railway project./Local in the Affected Area who wish to work as Extent unskilled labour in the Project without discrimination by sex Socio-Economic & Cultural Environment (Operation Phase) S5 Social and cultural impacts due to ICD Operation Increase in Possible impact on Minimizing impact on livelihood based on Project Vehicular livelihood based on business of various agricultural products Construction During Proponent/ 59 movement around business of various project will attempt to generate employment area construction Local the local area agricultural products. opportunity with in the project, Stakeholders Increase in Likely increase in road To avoid the accident road traffic signals During Project Rs. Vehicular traffic accidents because of and road marking and other safety Construction construction Proponent/ 15,594,383 60 movement entire the speed and heavy flow measures will be applied to reduce driving area and Local ( refer Table the road length of vehicles risks and providing enhancements to operation Stakeholders 8-4 S.N 1 & 7)
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Responsible Associated Issue Project Activities Possible Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Time Implementing Costs & its No. Agency provision driving conditions near the intersections of road. Awareness campaigns at the local level will be conducted to avoid such accident during operation. Trafficking and prostitution, Avoiding trafficking and prostitution, consumption and import of Increasing number minimizing consumption and import of alcoholic products could During Project of labor workers for alcoholic products Rs.800,000 increase because of heavy Construction construction Proponent/ 61 other opportunities Awareness trainings will be provided to ( refer Table flow of migrants and other area and Local and increase in poor and indigenous Communities who will 8-2 S.N 5) people in search of operation Stakeholders outside migrants be more vulnerable to such impacts. opportunities in the project
area. S6 Impact on livelihood Issues During the operation Possible impact on of the project circle livelihood based on During Project Analyzed and comparison of household Rs.1,000,000 with increase in business of various Construction construction Proponent/ 62 income of locals before and after ( refer Table mobility of vehicle agricultural products and area and Local construction of the project 8-2 S.N 2) and peoples from trade and transports of operation Stakeholders outside goods and services. S7 Impacts due to increase population pressure, change in social behavior During Project Existence of new Avoiding trafficking and prostitution, Rs.800,000 Possible increase in illegal Construction construction Proponent/ 63 traffic volume and minimizing consumption and import of ( refer Table activities area and Local workers alcoholic products 8-2 S.N 5) operation Stakeholders Cultural Environment (Construction Phase) Temples and other CGI sheet Fencing will be placedadjacent objects of to the Temple area and settlement side, as Project archeological Impact on cultural, religious per design. Adjacent During Proponent/ Included in values should be and archaeological sites Sound barriers will be placed to reduce the side of construction 64 Contractor / BOQ of protected against which the public have sound from the ICD, as per design. Construction and Local Project cost damage from attached sentiments area operation Improvement of the small rivers that Stakeholders construction located at the North and South boundaries activities side of ICD and beautification of the bank
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Responsible Associated Issue Project Activities Possible Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Time Implementing Costs & its No. Agency provision of Bagmati River. Educate workers and the public on the consequences of unauthorized collection of artifacts. Observation of disruption of the traditional cultural way of living of the people in and near the vicinity of the project area Impact assessment and proposal of mitigation measures Restrict use of Jal Binayak Temple road by all construction vehicles Operation Phase Protecting the culture of local Impacts / issues due to people by cultural conflicts due to in- Analyze changes made in ethnic and Adjacent During Project Rs.2,000,000 incorporating policy migration of people from community solidarity, changes in side of construction 65 Proponent/Loc ( refer Table of promoting local outside the area due to occupational patterns etc. Construction and al Stakeholders 8-2S.N 1 & 2) culture and tradition economic opportunities at area operation during any decision Project areas making Temples and other Observation of disruption of the traditional objects of cultural way of living of the people in and archeological Impact on cultural, religious Adjacent During Rs.40,513,811 near the vicinity of the project area Project values should be and archaeological sites side of construction ( refer table 66 Impact assessment and proposal of Proponent/Loc protected against which the public have Construction and 8-4 S.N 1 to mitigation measures, as well as al Stakeholders damage from attached sentiments area operation 8) enhancement measures to be adopted in operation-stage project designs activities Trained signalers, signage and barriers and Rs.14,132,931 competent equipment operators are in During ( refer Table Possible to increase in place, as required construction 8-4 S.N 1) 67 Traffic Congestion number of vehicles, disturb Project area Contractor Scheduling of construction activities taking and for the travelers into account peak traffic periods, to operation Rs. 5,800,000 minimize traffic impacts and risks – for ( refer Table
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Responsible Associated Issue Project Activities Possible Impacts Mitigation Measures Location Time Implementing Costs & its No. Agency provision example, major shipments to arrive during 8-4 S.N 4) off peak hours and with advance notice to community, Construction projects are planned and organized to eliminate or reduce the operation vehicles and construction equipment. Flow the Information about the possible traffic disruption beforehand.
Note: The above EMP Table, shall be read in conjunction with the Chapters 6 and 8, for complete Environmental Safeguard Parameters, during Project implementation.The Contractor of works shall prepare the following Plans, and get it approved by the Supervision Consultant , prior to the implementation of works:
1) Traffic Management Plan 2) Occupational Health And Safety Plan 3) Spoil Disposal And Management Plan 4) Labor Camp Management Plan 5) Equipment Yards Management Plan 6) Contractors‟ Camp Management Plan and Restoration Plan 7) Dust Management Plan 8) Re-Plantation Plan 9) Communication Plan 10) Grievances Redress Plan 11) Waste Management Plan
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Chapter 10 MONITORING OF THE PROPOSAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING
10.1 MONITORING PLAN FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MITIGATION MEASURE
Monitoring of the implementation of environmental protection measures provides a basis for logical comparison of the predicted and actual impacts of a proposal. Environmental monitoring involves the systematic collection of data to determine the actual environmental effects of the Project, compliance of the Project with regulatory standards, and the degree of implementation and effectiveness of the environmental protection measures. Such monitoring also provides an opportunity to further identify any unpredicted impacts and implement necessary measures to avoid costly mistakes, it any.
In accordance with Rule 13 of the EPR 1997, the concerned agency- the Ministry of Commerce in this case- is the legally responsible monitoring agency. This Rule also empowers MoC to issue additional environmental control measures and directives to the Project to adopt measures to reduce or control impacts if the actual impacts are higher than the ones specified in the conditions prescribed at the time of approving the proposal for implementation. Schedule 6 of the EPR, 1997 also provides a framework to include monitoring agency, time-schedule and monitoring indicators in the EIA report. With these considerations, the following sub-sections describe the types of monitoring, parameters, locations, schedules and responsibilities for monitoring.
10.1.1 Types of Monitoring The National EIA Guidelines 1993, propose three types of monitoring. They are baseline monitoring, compliance and impact monitoring.
Baseline Monitoring A baseline monitoring helps to generate baseline condition of the environmental resources. In general, it is carried out if there is a significant time lapse between the preparation of the EIA report and the construction stage or a change on environmental quality is noticeable.
Compliance Monitoring The compliance monitoring is essential in order to ensure that environmental protection measures, other requirement set-forth are complied with, and this monitoring is not concerned with determining actual effects of the Project activities on the environment. While impact-monitoring helps to evaluate the effectiveness of the recommended in the field. Furthermore, this type of monitoring helps to increase understanding of cause-effect relationships between the human activity and environmental changes.
In sum, environmental monitoring approaches to verify the accuracy of EIA prediction and determine the effectiveness of measures to mitigate adverse impacts of Project on the environment. Within this broad framework, this study recommends the compliance with the following requirements. The Project will comply with for the implementation of the proposed mitigation measures.
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Incorporation of environmental protection measures in the detail design, contract document and tender documents; Allocation of cost for environmental protection measures in tender bidding; Allocation of adequate budget for compensation of land, property, agro-products, tree cutting, transportation and stockpiling of forest products and temporary acquisition of private land. Regular supervision of spoil loading, transportation and dumping at designated sites; Regular supervision on materials handling at earthworks, and stockpiling of construction materials; Provisions for health and sanitation facilities at work camp, labor camps etc; Procedures for safe storage and use of toxic materials; Extent of local labors employed and skill training launched; Regular water sprinkling to arrest construction related dust pollution and vehicle maintenance to minimize gaseous/smoke emission Inquiry on the usage of pressure horn on vehicles in settlements, health, and educational institutions; Usage of timber for frames by the Project, and firewood by construction workers; Occasional supervision on the possible impacts of labors on adjoining forests and wildlife; Drainage management; Provision for occupational and safety measures; Compensatory plantation of loss tress; Launching of skill training and public awareness activities; and other condition set- forth during the approval of the EIA report, it any.
Although, the environmental monitoring is not the responsibility of the Proponent, based on the provision of the existing environmental laws, the Project has planned to monitor the compliance of the technical specification as an in-built practice. In order to guide the compliance monitoring, an inter-ministerial monitoring team is proposed. This monitoring team will comprise of the representative each from MoPE, this team will make necessary site visit to oversee the compliance monitor.
Impact Monitoring Impact monitoring is generally carried out to know the effectiveness of the environmental protection measures. Hence, an impact monitoring evaluation study is proposed to carry out at the end of the Project construction phase or within two years of Project implementation. Impact monitoring evaluation will focus each impact predicted and effectiveness of environmental protection measures. This will also emphasize the stability of slopes, spoil disposal sites, work camp and labor camp, use to toxic wastes on local environment, including the utilization of cash compensation, to the extent possible, condition of the local forest, and said plantation etc.
10.1.2 Monitoring Parameters Based on the level of site-specific information or existing data series and impacts prediction, efforts are made to make the indicators measurable and diagnostic with loss natural
Page | 164 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Chovar ICD Draft Report variability and broad applicability. In this context, the following indicators will be monitored during the Project construction and operational stages of this Project.
Physical Parameters During the construction stage, total quantity of filling materials and their spoil bank reclamation activities, disturbance to natural slope and drainage patterns, provision for adequate drainage facility and water diversion through the embankment with its channeling will be monitored as and when necessary. In addition, the monitoring parameters such as the frequency of vehicle maintenance, number of safety equipment provided to the labor force, including mask, helmet, glove and ear plugs, erection of informatory, safety and no noise signs at settlements, education and health institutions, establishment of safety barriers and sound barriers at roads crossing and settlements area. All these parameters will be monitored at the project site. Air, Noise and Water monitoring parameter are include in Annex II.
During the operational stage, noise and vibration level due to operation increase in vehicle plying will be monitored, accumulation, blockage of natural drainage patterns due to the embankment will be monitored regularly.
Biological Parameters During the construction period, 400 trees will be felleddown within the project area. The Project will monitor the actual loss of the number of trees, forest area, and amount of timber extracted and utilization of forest products.
During operational stage, the Project will monitor the condition of the compensatory plantation site and the survival rate of the planted species twice a year for five years in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the mitigation measures.
Socio-economic Parameters This Project will provide employment opportunity to a number of construction workers. However, the Contractor may employ the outside labors to accomplish the assigned work in time, thereby exerting additional pressure on environmental resource. Hence, the Project will monitor the percentage of local construction labors according to the type of work, number of women employed, number of outside district labors and their dependents.
Number of labor force collecting drinking water from the public tap, type of compensation provided to the affected people, and type and extent of damage to local infrastructures such as drinking water supply, pipes, irrigation schemes, electrical poles, and rehabilitation of such facilities will be monitored.
The Project will also monitor the events of social disharmony and related disputes, cases of prostitution activities and influence of outside labors on religion and observance of festivals, if any, during the construction stage.
During the operation stages, the Project will monitor intermittently the air, water, noise pollution and vibration effect on the settlement area near the ICD and also location on the premises of JalBinayak Temple and Manjushree Park complex and change in socio- economic conditions of the local people.
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10.1.3 Monitoring Location, Schedules and Responsibilities Timing for environmental monitoring depends on the nature of parameters. It can be done regularly or intermittently. The project will execute monitoring activities during the time of construction and operation of the project for environmental impacts. Baseline, Compliance and Impact Monitoring will be carried out for specific parameters for physical, biological and socio-economic and cultural environment maintaining appropriate indicators and appropriate methods of monitoring. Compliance monitoring will be done regularly whereas the impact monitoring will be done after the completion of the construction activities, in general, methods such as observation, inspection, interview, counting and/or measurement could be used for monitoring. The monitoring will be location specific or the whole project area, depending upon the nature and coverage of fore-mentioned parameters. Monitoring activities has been proposed to avoid and reduce impacts of the project into acceptable level in appropriate time at appropriate location with appropriate cost.
As per the EPR 1997, the Ministry of Population and Environment is legally responsible for environmental monitoring works. In any case, the Project will carefully monitor activities of the contractors and the supervisory consultants. The MoPE will evaluate the monitoring result, as and when necessary. The Project intends to invite independent monitoring team to reposition its environmental image. The project considers that the environmental agencies will have a number of opportunities to visit and monitor the Project activities as a part of compliance monitoring. Hence, environmental monitoring is an additional commitment of the Proponent to best implement the mitigation measures and make the ICD system environmental-friendly.
10.2 ADVERSE IMPACTS MONITORING PLAN
10.2.1 Monitoring Parameters Among the environmental and socio-economic items studied in the EIA survey, items listed in the following Table 10.1 and 10.2 are selected for monitoring targets during the planning/construction phase and the operation phase.
Table 10.1: Environmental Monitoring Parameters in Planning/Construction Phase
1 Air SO2, NO2 and PM10, PM2.5 DO, BOD, COD, TSS, NO3-N, NH4-N, PO4-P and FecalE. 2 Water Coli 3 Noise Noise 4 Waste Soil Waste, Solid Waste and Liquid Waste 5 Water regime Surface water (Volume, speed, depth) Ground water (depth, location of aquifer) Springs 6 Geology Slope stability 7 Sanitation, Public Health Condition, Infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS 8 Occupationaland health, Working environment 9 Accidents, crime Traffic accidents
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Table 10.2:Environmental Monitoring Parameters in Operation Phase 10 Water regime Surface water (Volume, speed, depth) Ground water (depth, location of aquifer)
Springs
11 Geology Slope stability 12 Water Rights /Water use
10.2.2 Monitoring Form The Project, with the help of Construction Supervision Team and EMU, shall conduct monitoring of undermentioned parameters at each Project phase, using the following monitoring formats and frequencies.
Planning and Construction Phase 1. Air (Ambient air quality) Monitoring Format - Quarterly Nepal Pre-Project Measurement Item (Unit) Environmental Measurement Survey Method (24 hr) Standard(24 hr) (24 hr) NO2 (microgram/m3) Maximum 80 Location : SO2 (micro gram/m3) Maximum 70 Interval: PM10 (micro gram/m3) Maximum 120 Survey method: PM2.5 (micro gram/m3) Maximum 40 Date : Location : Other (Complaints, Problem : Observations) Solution measures taken : Follow-up condition observation :
2. Water (Public surface water quality) Monitoring Format - Quarterly Nepal Measurement Pre-Project Item (Unit) Environmental Survey Method Values Measurement Standard pH 6.5-8.5 Location :
TSS (mg/l) 30-200 mg/L Interval: BOD (mg/l) 30-100 mg/L 3.2 COD (mg/l Maximum 250 3.3 Ammonia-N Maximum 50 3.4 Ammonia Maximum 1.5 3.5 Coliform MPN/100ml Survey method:
Chloride Maximum 250 3.6
Nitrate Maximum 50 3.7 Iron 0.3 Electrical Conductivity 1500 Turbidity 5 Total Maximum 500
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Nepal Measurement Pre-Project Item (Unit) Environmental Survey Method Values Measurement Standard Date : Location : Other (Complaints, Problem : Observations) Solution measures taken : Follow-up condition observation :
For Waste Water monitoring, see Liquid Waste.
3. Noise (Ambient noise) Monitoring Format - Quarterly International Pre-Project Measurement Environmental Item (Unit) Measurement Survey Method (dBA) Standard (dBA) (dBA) WHO Location :1 Uncomfortable : Interval: 120 - Survey method: Noise Very high : 90 - Medium : 70 - Peace : 50 - Date : Location : Other Problem : (Complaints, Solution measures taken : Observations) Follow-up condition observation :
4. Waste Management Monitoring Format - Monthly Items Sub-items/Location Monitoring ( once in every month ) Planned volume : Excavated volume (m3, %): Excavation area Remaining volume (m3, %): 1) Soil Disposal of material on Disposal and/or storage condition : construction site Problems/Concerns : Solution measures taken : Follow-up condition observation : Planned volume : Temporal Storage Area Excavated volume (m3, %): Reuse for filling and Remaining volume (m3, %): embankment propose Disposal and/or storage condition : Disposal or reuse for Problems/Concerns : public/private purposes Solution measures taken : Follow-up condition observation : Main types of the waste generated : Total volume for disposal : Construction work areas Date of disposal : 2) Solid Labor/contractor camps Contractor name for disposal : Waste /materials storage area Location of disposal :
Cost of disposal : Reused/Recycled waste types :
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Items Sub-items/Location Monitoring ( once in every month ) Main types of the waste generated : Total volume for disposal : Date of disposal : Stock yards (West) Contractor name for disposal : (East) Location of disposal : Cost of disposal : Reused/Recycled waste types : Main types of the waste generated : Sludge Total volume for disposal : Water Treatment Plant Date of disposal : (Discharge from the Contractor name for disposal : Camps) Location of disposal : Cost of disposal : Reused/Recycled waste types : Water Treatment Plant (Discharge from the labor Location :1 3) Liquid and contractor camps) Interval:. Waste Mechanical workshop and Survey method: fuel storage area
Other Location :1 Rest houses, Interval:Everyday in morning and evening. Construction facility Survey method : areas
5. Water regime, water use Monitoring Format Monitoring (1 measurement in every month, or upon any irregularity or Items request/complaint from local residents.) Location : Any change compared to Pre-Project condition : YES / NO If YES, describe : 1) Surface water Photo : sources Related water users‟ association : Solution measures taken : Follow-up condition observation : Location : Any change compared to Pre-Project condition : YES / NO If YES, describe : 2) Groundwater sources Photo : Related water users‟ association : Solution measures taken : Follow-up condition observation : Location : Any change compared to Pre-Project condition : YES / NO If YES, describe : 3) Spring water sources Photo : Related water users‟ association : Solution measures taken : Follow-up condition observation :
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6. Slope Stability Monitoring Format Items Monitoring (Everyday in morning and evening) Location : Any abnormality from planned condition : YES / NO If YES, describe : Slope stability Photo : Potential cause : Solution measures taken : Follow-up condition observation :
7. Work Related Issues Monitoring Format Items Monitoring ( as occurrence of issues) Negative impacts on Date : sanitation and public Issue : health condition Field observation conducted by (Date) : involving the workers Photo : hired by the Project Potential cause : Infectious diseases Solution measures taken : such as HIV/AIDS Follow-up condition observation : involving the workers Report / Communication with respective public offices : hired by the Project Date : Issue : Industrial safety and Field observation conducted by (Date) : health, Working Photo : environment among Potential cause : the workers hired by Solution measures taken : the Project Follow-up condition observation : Report / Communication with respective public offices : Date : Issue : Field observation conducted by (Date) : Traffic accidents Photo : involving the vehicles Potential cause : hired by the Project Solution measures taken : Follow-up condition observation : Report / Communication with respective public offices : Date : Issue : Field observation conducted by (Date) : Crime involving the Photo : workers hired by the Potential cause : Project Solution measures taken : Follow-up condition observation : Report / Communication with respective public offices :
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Operation Phase 1. Water regime, water use Monitoring Format Monitoring Items (1 measurement in every month, or upon any irregularity or request/complaint from local residents.) Location : Any change compared to Pre-Project condition : YES / NO If YES, describe : 1) Surface water Photo : sources Related water users‟ association : Solution measures taken : Follow-up condition observation : Location : Any change compared to Pre-Project condition : YES / NO If YES, describe : 2) Groundwater Photo : sources Related water users‟ association : Solution measures taken : Follow-up condition observation : Location : Any change compared to Pre-Project condition : YES / NO If YES, describe : 3) Spring water sources Photo : Related water users‟ association : Solution measures taken : Follow-up condition observation :
The Environmental Monitoring Plan for each parameter including indicators for monitoring, together with location, time and frequency of monitoring by responsible agency is summarize in the Table 10-3.
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Table 10.3: Monitoring Plan and Schedule Frequency / Time Responsible S.N Parameters Indicators Methods Locations schedule Monitoring Agency A. Baseline Monitoring Physical Environment Review of EIA Muck / Spoil Site Muck / Spoil Site Document, Enquiry with During pre Project/ EMU/ 1 Management Plan prepared Management Plan prepared Proponent office proponent and EIA construction Stage Consultant and Materialized by Contractor Team Review of EIA Construction Camp Construction Camp Proponent office, Document, Enquiry with During pre 2 Management Plan prepared Management Plan prepared EIA preparing Project/ EMU/Consultant proponent and EIA construction and Materialized by Contractor consultant office preparing consultant Verify sites with the Pre-Construction Site selection of workers and Open space and barren land Project/EMU/ 3 identified location Project sites and Preparation contractor camps along the alignment Consultant presented in EIA Phase Review of EIA Occupational Health and Occupational Health and Document, Enquiry with During pre 4 Safety Management Plan Safety Management Plan Proponent office Project/ EMU/Consultant proponent, consultant construction prepared and Materialized prepared by Contractor and EIA Team Project area, Number and type of affected Review of document During pre Project/ EMU/Consultant 5 Existing infrastructures Proponent & infrastructures identified and field verification construction / Proponent consultant office Project area, Sites identified during Review of document Proponent & During pre Project/ EMU/Consultant 6 Identified labour camp sites. feasibility and field verification consultant office construction / Proponent
Prior to construction Air and water quality ICD complex and and during Project/ EMU/Consultant 7 Aforementioned parameters Measurement parameters surrounding area construction / Proponent
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Frequency / Time Responsible S.N Parameters Indicators Methods Locations schedule Monitoring Agency Biological Environment Trees Clearing and its Trees Clearing and its Review of forest act During pre Project/ EMU/Consultant 1 Management Plan prepared Management Plan prepared and rules, Enquiry with Proponent office construction / Proponent and Materialized by Contractor proponent Compensatory Re-plantation Review of Document, Proponent office, Compensatory Plantation During pre Project/ EMU/Consultant 2 Plan prepared and Enquiry with proponent EIA preparing Plan prepared by Contractor construction / Proponent Materialized and Consultant consultant office Review and field Along & around During pre Project/ EMU/Consultant 3 Existing forest condition Forest along the alignment Observation and Projecvt Area construction / Proponent measurement Review and field Along & around Affected trees identified and During pre Project/ EMU/Consultant 4 Number of trees felling Observation and Projecvt Area marked construction / Proponent measurement Field review & Along & around Number of user groups and During pre Project/ EMU/Consultant 5 Forest areas and CFUGs measurement, Projecvt Area current utilization practice construction / Proponent discussion with CFUGs Socio-Economic and cultural Environment Social management plans as Review of RAP Proponent office, During pre Project/EMU/ Proponent 1 per TOR prepared and Plan prepared by contractor Document, Enquiry with consultant office construction / Consultant placed proponent locals B. Compliance Monitoring Physical Environment Enforce the use and Regular Project/EMU/ Proponent Status of disposal land, monitoring of spoil loading, Weekly / during site / Consultant /Contractor vegetation cover, drainage Observation, Interview, Designated Sites of 1 transportation and dumping clearance and system, initiated erosion, Photographs spoil disposal at recommended disposal project construction affected aesthetic value site 2 Regular monitoring on Stockpiling of excavated and Observation, Interview, Designated Sites of Weekly / during site Project/EMU/ Proponent
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Frequency / Time Responsible S.N Parameters Indicators Methods Locations schedule Monitoring Agency materials handling at construction materials Photographs spoil disposal clearance, / Consultant /Contractor earthworks construction Site observation and Project/EMU/ Proponent Adoption of explosive & Toxic discussion with local / Consultant /Contractor Procedures for safe storage management/handling plan In and Around Monthly/ during 3 residents, workers. and use of toxic materials by contractor, safe transport, Project Area construction Public alert; storage and use Contingency planning. Regular water spraying to Project construction Project/EMU/ Proponent Water sprinkling during Twice a day during arrest dust and vehicle Site observation and sites especially / Consultant /Contractor 4 construction and availability construction and maintenance to minimize discussion with locals near settlement of water sprinkling vehicles excavation period gaseous emission areas Rehabilitation and restoration Slope stability & drainage, Site inspection, Proposed camp site Project/EMU/ Proponent After the completion 5 of work camps and labour close pits latrines, sanitation discussion with workers locations within the / Consultant /Contractor of construction work camp(s) etc. and vegetation condition and local people. Project area During the study Project/EMU/ Proponent Opinions and suggestion Review design reports, Proponent office/ Integration of local people's and design process / Consultant /Contractor 6 during public consultation discussion with local EIA preparing environmental concerns and prior to and feasibility stage stakeholders. consultant approval. Inquiry on the usage of site observation, Settlements, health Project/EMU/ Proponent Blow of pressure horns in Weekly / During 7 pressure horn in sensitive discussion with locals and educational / Consultant /Contractor immediate sensitive area operation area and interview institutions Observation of accident Monthly / Project/EMU/ Proponent Number accidents along In and around 8 Road safety and accident records, interview with construction and / Consultant /Contractor highway Project area locals operation stage Biological Environment Compensatory plantation in Implementation of plantation Monthly/ during Project/EMU/ Proponent Site observation, Sites selected for 1 the ratio of 1:25 and its program by CFUGs and construction and / Consultant / Contractor/ discussion with locals re-plantation protection other responsible body operation phase Forest Officer 2 Care for vegetation in the Vegetation remaining along Site observation, Within and around Monthly/ during Project/EMU/ Proponent
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Frequency / Time Responsible S.N Parameters Indicators Methods Locations schedule Monitoring Agency Project area and on its the ROW during earthwork the Project area construction and / Consultant /Contractor immediate vicinity and excavation operation phase Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment Site observation, Project/EMU/ Proponent Extent of local laborers Employment of local labors Residents around Weekly / During 1 discussion and / Consultant /Contractor employed and skill training during construction the Project area construction interview with labors Health and sanitation Site observation, Project/EMU/ Proponent Sanitary condition of Labor At camp sites and Weekly / During 2 facilities at workers camp discussion and / Consultant /Contractor camps work camp sites construction and site etc. interview with labors Review of contractor‟s Before Project/EMU/ Proponent Ensure Life Insurance of the Project sites, 3 Insurance paper of the labors document and commencement of / Consultant /Contractor labors contractor‟s office insurance paper construction work Wage paid to laborers not Project/EMU/ Proponent Review of contractor‟s less then wage fixed by Monthly wage paid to At construction site, Monthly / During / Consultant /Contractor 4 documents, interview concerned district to both laborers labour camps Construction with labourers male and female. Provision for occupational Use of safety measures by Observation, interview At construction site, Monthly / During Project/EMU/ Proponent 5 health and safety measures laborers with labourers labour camps Construction / Consultant /Contractor Occurrence of communicable Health of construction Observation, interview At construction site, Monthly / During Project/EMU/ Proponent 6 diseases laborers with labourers labour camps Construction / Consultant /Contractor Use of household facilities, site observation, Resettlement areas Living standard and 7 employment, education and discussion with locals and along the Economic status of locals monthly earnings and interview project sites Launching of skill training, Review of training Monthly / During Minutes of trainings, list of Project/EMU/ Proponent 8 and public awareness documents, interview Project area construction and participants of trainings / Consultant /Contractor activities with locals people operation stage Avoid damage and Resettlement of affected site observation, 9 disturbance historical, Project area cultural sites discussion with locals cultural sites
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Frequency / Time Responsible S.N Parameters Indicators Methods Locations schedule Monitoring Agency C. Impact Monitoring Physical Environment Observation and Monthly / Project/EMU/ Proponent Workers and contractor Sanitation and drainage Camp sites within 1 interview with locals construction and / Consultant camps condition Project area and camp workers operation stage Construction of Access road Project/EMU/ Proponent Impact upon private land due Observation and Access Road to Monthly / during 2 and side drainage and / Consultant to dispose interview with locals Project area operation location of dispose Disposal of excavated Weekly / Project/EMU/ Proponent Use of identified tipping sites Within Project area 3 materials and other Observation construction and / Consultant only and outside it construction wastes excavation Proper sitting of Camp Sanitation along the camp Around camp sites Weekly/construction Project/EMU/ Proponent 4 Observation sanitation facilities sites within project area and excavation / Consultant Monthly/ Project/EMU/ Proponent Quality of surface water, and River quality and ground Observation and water 5 Bagmati River Construction and / Consultant groundwater level changes water quality quality measurement operation Monthly, Project/EMU/ Proponent Air pollution near Air quality Along the major 6 Air quality Construction /Bi- / Consultant settlements. Measurement settlement monthly, Operation In project area, Project/EMU/ Proponent Measure Air quality Project Access / Consultant Air pollution, vehicular Monthly, parameter like NOx, Sox, Road & around 7 emission, noise, traffic Measurement Construction /Bi- TSP, PM10, traffic volume settlement areas volume monthly, Operation count (ANNEX II)
Biological Environment Diversity of forest and Observation and Surrounding of Monthly / Project/EMU/ Proponent 1 Status of Forest availability of faunal species measurement Project Area construction and / Consultant
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Frequency / Time Responsible S.N Parameters Indicators Methods Locations schedule Monitoring Agency operation phase Monthly / Project/EMU/ Proponent Encroachment/degradation Density of forest and its Observation and Surrounding of 2 construction and / Consultant/ of forest. status measurement Project Area operation phase Sites, road Monthly / Project/EMU/ Proponent Volume of wood trade, Records and 3 Number of trees felled checkpoints, market construction and / Consultant location of timber depot observation & settlement operation phase Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment Impacts on agricultural land Direct disposal of spoil upon Project/EMU/ Proponent Surrounding of Monthly / During 1 due to spoil disposal/soil private cultivate lands, steep Observation / Consultant Project Area construction erosion/ due to construction. slopes, side tipping Relocation of affected local Observation and Monthly / During Project/EMU/ Proponent 2 Care for local utilities Around Project area infrastructures and its use interview with locals operation phase / Consultant Disposal of spoil, destruction Monthly / Project/EMU/ Proponent Damage to private Observation and 3 of physical structures during Around Project area construction and / Consultant properties. interview with locals road width formation operation phase Protection of culturally Around Project Monthly/ Project/EMU/ Proponent Improvement of cultural Observation and 4 sensitive area of Jal Binayak area, relocation Construction and / Consultant sensitive areas interview Temple sites Operation Stage Value of land near to project Project/EMU/ Proponent Interview with locals Bi-monthly during 5 Landscape aesthetics value alignment, number of tourist Around Project area / Consultant and land transaction operation arrived, restaurant Main Road & Project/EMU/ Proponent Number and type of accident Observation, official Bi-monthly during 6 Highway safety and accident Access Road to / Consultant and deceases records and interview operation Project Area Available opportunities & Around Project area Project/EMU/ Proponent Livelihood and income Observation and Bi-monthly during 7 Economic activity of the local / Consultant generation of locals interview operation people
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Frequency / Time Responsible S.N Parameters Indicators Methods Locations schedule Monitoring Agency Impact upon Socio-economic Change in local economy Around Project area Bi-monthly during Project/EMU/ Proponent 8 Survey and Interview its change (changes in living) operation / Consultant
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10.3 BUDGETS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
Budgets for the Environmental Monitoring are presented in the Table 10.4
Table 10.4: Environmental Monitoring Cost Rate in S.N. Particulars Input (mm) Total in NRs. NRs. Pre-construction Phase
A. Baseline Monitoring
Manpower Cost
a. Environmentalist 1 160,000 160,000 b. Sociologist / Socio-economist 1 160,000 160,000 c. Biologist / Ecologist and Forest Expert 0.5 120,000 60,000 Support Staff d. LS 250,000 (5 no. of Research Assistants) e. Laboratory Analysis Cost LS 150,000 f. Logistics Total Baseline Monitoring Cost (A) 780,000 Construction Phase B. Impact Monitoring 1 Field Measurement and Lab tests Air, Noise Level and Water Quality a. 400,000 Monitoring during Construction Total Impact Monitoring Cost (B) 400,000 Operation Phase C Compliance Monitoring Manpower Cost a. Environmentalist 2 150,000 300,000 b. Sociologist / Socio-economist 2 150,000 300,000 c. Biologist / Ecologist 0.5 120,000 60,000 Support Staff d. 1 30,000 30,000 (5 no. of Research Assistants) e. Laboratory Analysis Cost LS 200,000 f. Logistics LS 50,000 Total Compliance Monitoring Cost (C) 940,000 Total Monitoring Cost (A + B + C) 2,120,000
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10.4 ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING
The effectiveness of EIA will be successful only when that causes minimal damage to environment with the implementation of project. Environmental aspect of any sort of project will be triumphant only when a project interacts positively with environment with its proper management during the time of implementation. Hence, Environmental Auditing shall be carried out to examine and assess performances of the project related to environment and its conservation and protection. Audit shall be undertaken after the project has been operational for two years duration. Whereas, audit shall be carried out by MoPE together with proponent team and project EMU team.
10.4.1 Objective of Auditing The main objective of the auditing is to monitor and assess environmental parameters which are most significant with the implementation of project. Whereas, the specific objectives of auditing are as follows; To assess actual environmental impacts To evaluate the accuracy of prediction of impacts, To assess the effectiveness of environmental impact mitigation and augmentation measures and, To evaluate the functioning of monitoring mechanisms
10.4.2 Scope of Auditing Assessment shall aim to focus upon the examination of actual environmental impacts that have changed from the baseline conditions in terms of physical, biological and socio- economic and cultural environment. Further the auditing shall aim to assess the overall performance of the project upon environmental protection and management.
10.5 FRAMEWORK FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING
Praxis and legal provision in Nepal require that an Environmental Auditing should be carried out two years after the Project comes into operation. In conjunction with the baseline information, impacts predicted and mitigation proposed records of both the development and operation phase as per requirement are the main documents to be used for the environmental auditing. The Ministry of Population and Environment is the responsible agency to carry out and prepare a post environmental audit report after two years of the operation as per EPR 1997. The basic objective of Project performance audit reports include a final assessment of the degree to which the Project satisfied the proposed environmental requirements, the effectiveness of mitigation measures and institutional development and whether any unanticipated effects occurred because of Project activities.
The environmental auditing should gather the following information: Assessment of the pre-Project baseline information in conjunction with the Project current baseline information Assessment of predicted impacts in the EIA report for defined activity in the Project development in relation to the actual impacts; Assessment of provided mitigation measures in the EIA report to minimize the impacts of defined activity in the Project cycle and their effectiveness;
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Assessment of implementation status of the mitigation measure in the Project cycle as specified in the EIA report; Assessment of the effectiveness of the monitoring works for the implementation of mitigation measures and to evaluate the effectiveness of the mitigation measures; Assessment of any corrective action suggested or undertaken to mitigate the impacts of the defined activity and their effectiveness; Assessment of compliance and non-compliance with the mitigation and monitoring provisions Assessment of compliance and non-compliance with the national environmental standards in the Project development and operational cycle and Conclusion and recommendations from the experience learned to strengthen impact prediction in future Projects for the defined activities. The National EIA Guidelines, 1993 purposes six types of environmental auditing: Decision Point Auditing, Implementation Auditing, Performance Auditing, Project Impact Auditing, Predictive Techniques Auditing and EIA procedure auditing to examine the effectiveness of EIA as decision-making tool, or techniques and overall environmental changes arise from the Project. The Project impact auditing is considered comprehensive and this type has been proposed for this Project.
10.6 AUDITING PARAMETER, METHODS AND INDICATORS
The Ministry of Population and Environment (MOPE), may consider the environmental protection measures and monitoring parameters as the basis for auditing. Hence, the auditing parameters may comprise of land use change; avenue trees along the alignment; protection works; restoration of infrastructure facilities; landscape and drainage treatment; disposal practices of spoils and rehabilitation of embankment; informatory signs; occupational health and safety measures; air, water, noise and vibration quality; tree felling method; utilization of forest products; area and status of compensatory plantation; condition of adjoining forest and wildlife habitat. Furthermore, MoPE audit compensation scheme, public consultation and awareness activities, skill training, counseling service, additional social service facilities, and community involvement during the Project construction stage.
10.7 AUDITING LOCATION
The audit locations shall be the entire Project area. For the audit purpose, the locations would be as indicated in Tables for the monitoring indicators.
10.8 AUDITING SCHEDULE
The Ministry of Population and Environment (MOPE), is legally mandated for the preparation of a post environmental audit report after two years of the completion of construction as per EPR 1997. Besides the above legal auditing obligation of MOPE, additional auditing of the proposal should be done once a year.
10.9 AUDITING METHODS
MoPE, as a responsible agency for auditing, may hire a team of experts to prepare the auditing report. The study team may employ methods such as literature review, observation
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and filed study, questionnaire and checklist, measurement of air and water quality parameters, noise and vibration level. However, the method used during the preparation of this study has been recommended to follow, to the extent possible, in order to minimize method-based errors.
10.10 AUDIT PLAN
The front line monitoring as discussed before will be the responsibility of the proponent. The proposal audit during development and operation will be the responsibility of the Ministry of Commerce, NITDB and MoPE, whereas post development audit of the proposal shall be conducted by MoPE as per the provisions of EPR. The audit planning of the proposal will involve following steps: Formation of audit team comprising members from MoC and MoPE with a Team Leader from the MoPE. The audit team collects the secondary information with regard to the Project, including EIA reports and regular front line monitoring reports. Audit team review the literatures and national environmental requirements for the proposal The audit team inform the proponent on the audit of the proposal and any information it requires from the proponent for audit The audit team visits the proposal site, records of environmental monitoring (front line monitoring) and observe directly the proposal activities and their impacts The audit team interact with the local people, proposal managers, members of proposal Integrated Environmental Management System Audit team returns from field visit and prepares audit report and presents the report to the concerned agencies, MoPE and the proponent.
Table 10.5: Matrix of Environmental Auditing S.N. Parameters Location Methods Indicators A. Physical Aspect Within the project area Inspection, analysis of Water quality parameters studied Water quality, Airand Along the road and water samples, during EIA, air quality and noise level 1 quality, Noise especially at Sites measurement of air studied during construction studied during EIA stage quality and noise monitoring Review of design and other project related documents available Construction sites, Any case of hearing impairment, Vibration on at the office of 2 especially at the vicinity crack existed in houses, loss of life Structures consultant and of project area and property and compensation proponent, Interview, observation and photographs Road safety and At entire project Observation, official Number and type of accident and 3 accident alignment records and interview deceases B. Biological Aspect Status of Forest At entire project Volume of fuel wood trade, location of Measurement and 1 adjacent to alignment where forest timber depot, fuel wood sale, in Observation project area existed project area
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S.N. Parameters Location Methods Indicators Number of trees At entire project Observation and Number of stumps of cut trees in 2 felled alignment interview nearby area forest Areas provided by FUGs Interview, Compensatory of affected community Measurement, State of plant available in the 3 Re-plantation forest and areas where Observation and plantation area, re-plantation carried out Photographs C. Socio-Economic and Cultural Aspect Impact due to Involvement of locals in types of Interchange areas and Observation and 1 operation of livelihoods available at service sites, developed market areas interview service&facility living standard etc. Affected cultural Affected sites and other Status and use of relocated such Observation and 2 and religious small sites of worship as sites, culture and religion of adjoining interview sites mentioned in EIA report sites Deprive locals Type and availability of natural from using At entire project Observation and 3 resources, source and types of natural alignment interview energy used by locals resources Livelihood and Economic activity of the local people income At entire project Observation and 4 and opportunities available to local generation of alignment interview people locals Socio-economic Change in local economy (changes in 5 Entire Project Area Survey and Interview Change standard of living) Area Records from project Involvement of local people into such development Project and adjoining office and 6 projects, number of locals benefited works carried outareas development site from such activity by project inspection Number of shops, industries, rental houses, involvement of locals in business and commerce, number of Observation, Trade commerceAlong the project area, freight transportation ply per day, 7 Interview and and industry surrounding area amount of revenue generated per Photographs day, increase and decrease in the price of commodity transported through this highway.
10.11 ESTIMATED ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING COST
The Project will allocate Environmental Auditing cost for the Proponent. The Auditing costs for one time, 2 years after completion of the construction works and again 1 time 1 year after. The breakdown of the estimated cost is summarized in the Table 10.6.
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Table 10.6: Cost Estimation for Environmental Auditing for ICD Input Rate Amount Specifications Remarks (mm) (per month) NRs. Environmental Management Expert 6 100,000 600,000 Forestry Expert 2 80,000 160,000 Sociologist 6 90,000 540,000 Reporting, Logistics, etc. LS 300,000 Transport LS 150,000 Field Sampling and Lab Tests LS 150,000 Sub-Total Costs for Environmental Auditing Works 1,900,000 Auditing Costs for: Ministry of Commerce LS 300,000 Ministry of Population and LS 300,000 Environment (MOPE) Sub-Total Costs for Monitoring Agencies 600,000 Total Estimate 2,500,000 Source: EIA Study Team, 2017
10.12 REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
The ESMF 7.6.2 requires quarterly reports of Internal Monitoring. Also, External Monitoring agency (World Bank,PCO and MoPE) hired by the Project Implementing Units will conduct bi-annual review of EMP and RAP implementation. Both reports will be sent to the World Bank finding agency.
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Chapter 11 REVIEW OF POLICY, LEGISLATION, GUIDELINES AND INSTITUTIONS
This EIA has been prepared in accordance with GON requirements for the environmental assessment and management planning of the Highway Project. Within the limit of the scope of works, the Proponent has reviewed the following policies, laws and guidelines and appropriate information has been incorporated in this report. Any other laws attracted besides that mentioned below will also be followed by the Proponent, during Project implementation.
Review of (i) Constitution, (ii) Plans and Policies, (iii) Acts, (iv) Rules and Regulations, (v) Guidelines and (vi) International Conventions, are reviewed in this Section.
1. The Constitution of Nepal 2072 (2015) Internalizing the people's sovereign right and right to autonomy and self-rule, while maintaining freedom, sovereignty, territorial integrity, national unity, independence and dignity of Nepal.
In Sub-clause (f) shall be deemed to prevent the making of an Act to prevent any act which may undermine the harmonious relations between the Federal Units or any act which may be contrary to public health, decency or morality of the general public or to confer on the State the exclusive right to undertaken any specific industry, trade or any industry, trade, occupation, employment or business
2. The Industrial Enterprises Act 2049 (1992 An act made to provide for the industrial development. Whereas for the overall economic development of the county, it is expedient to make arrangements for fostering industrial enterprises in a competitive manner through the increment in the productivity by making the environment of industrial investment more congenial, straightforward and encouraging.
3. Town Development Act 2045 (1998) The context of growing population and urbanization, it is expedient to provide for necessary provisions in order to provide necessary services and facilities to the residents of the town by reconstructing, expanding and to develop existing towns and by constructing new towns and to maintain health, convenience and economic interest of general public.
4. Review of Environment Related Acts Environment Protection Act and Environmental Protection Regulation, 1997 The legal regime on the environment makes every effort to integrate environmental aspects in the Projects and programs. The Environment Protection Act (EPA), 1997 and the Environment Protection Rules (EPR), 1997 (amendment 1999), enforced since June 1997, oblige the proponent to get approval of the IEE report of this level of Project before implementation. The environmental laws contain elaborated provisions on the approval process of the IEE report. Sections 3 to 6 of the EPA, 1997 and Rules 3 to 11 of the EPR, 1997 contain such provisions and this IEE report has been prepared following those legal
Page | 185 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Chovar ICD Draft Report requirements. Rule 12 of the EPR, obliged the proponent to comply with the matters mentioned in the report and other conditions, if any, prescribed by the approving agency or concerned agency.
The environmental management plan is the heart of the environmental study report. The proponent is obliged to implement the mitigation measures. The environmental monitoring works should be performed by the concerned agency the Ministry of Population and Environment (MOPE) in accordance with the provisions of the EPR, 1997. Furthermore, the environmental law has made the public consultation a pre-requisite to all the prescribed Projects to provide different stakeholders an opportunity to raise their concerns. Section 18 of the Environment Protection Act (EPA), 1997 empowers the prescribed authority case any person implements a proposal requiring environmental assessment without any approval or carries any act in contrary to the approved proposal. The proponent has duly followed these legal requirements while finalizing this report and will continue to follow them, particularly the implementation of EMP during the Project construction stage and operational phase.
Local Self-Governance Act, 2056 (1999) The Local Self-Governance Act, 1999 empowers the local bodies for the Conservation of soil, forest and other natural resources and implements environmental conservation activities. Sections 28 and 43 of the Act provide the Village Development Committee a legal mandate to formulate and implement programs related to protection of environment and bio-diversity. Similarly, Sections 189 and 201 of the Act provide that the Districts Development Committees are liable to formulate and implement programs related to protection of environment and give adequate priority for protection of environment during formulation and implementation of districts level plan(s). As this is the national level priority road Project, the respective VDCs and DDC can regulate soil and water conservation activities that support to stabilize the road slopes and minimize likely adverse impacts on the road and by the road.
Public Road Act, 2031 (1974) The Public Road Act, 1974 has been enacted to ensure the construction and operation of the road Projects smoothly. Section 3 of the Act empowers GON to prohibit the construction of permanent structures (buildings) in the prescribed distance from the road, i.e. the Department of Roads (DoR) has the authority over everything within the boundaries of the road. The DoR may acquire temporarily the land and other property adopting compensatory measures during the construction, rehabilitation and maintenance of the public road (Sections 14 and 15). The Act obliges the DoR to plant trees on both sides of the road and handover it to the local bodies (VDC or municipality) for their management (Section 16). The Act also empowers the DoR to operate quarries and borrow pits and other facilities during the road construction (Section 17). In sum, the Act facilitates the construction of this road by even acquiring land and property including for the execution of construction materials and development of other facilities during road construction through compensation as negotiated and as well as to maintain greenery along the roadside.
Ancient Monument Protection Act, 1956 This act has the objective of protection and conservation of the ancient monuments, temples, arts, paintings, etc. of age older than 100 years. The Act empowers the government to declare any such artifacts, temples, etc. under protection category by giving public notification. The act stipulates that any such artifacts, temples etc. declared under protection
Page | 186 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Chovar ICD Draft Report lists should not be disturbed or removed from their places without the consent of the government.
Land Acquisition Act, 2034 (1977) The Land Acquisition Act, 2034 empowers the Government to acquire land for development purposes, by paying compensation for the landowner. The Land Acquisition Guidelines, 1989 have been issued to facilitate the acquisition process under the Act.
The Act clearly empowers the Government to acquire necessary land and fixed property of any owner for development use and welfare, diplomatic mission, international organizations after issuing public notice and completing required procedures. Under this Act, the Government can also acquire land for public and private corporations, organizations, private firms for public use and welfare. However, the Government shall not acquire land for corporations, organizations and private firms for agriculture purpose except for research purpose under this Act. The Government shall provide compensation to the concerned person and organization as decided by the Compensation Fixation Committee. The compensation rate to be determined may differ for person whose land was wholly acquired or for those whose land was partially acquired. There are different provisions regarding the compensation rate: Compensation rate to landowner whose land has been acquired for government- owned institutions, organizations and local bodies; Compensation rate to landowner whose land has been acquired for other institutions and organizations; and Compensation rate to land owner whose land exceeds land ceiling according to Land Reform Act, 2021 acquired for government-owned institutions, organizations and local bodies. Land acquisition through negotiation is an important aspect included in Section 27 of this Act which has a provision that the Government can acquire land through direct negotiation with the owner. This will minimize dissatisfaction of landowners regarding compensation and loss. Section 34 of the Act has a provision to return acquired land to the owner if it is not required. Similarly, the Government may also cancel its decision regarding land acquisition.
However, as there is no amendment on this Land Act over the last 35 years, it has many gaps while dealing with problem of involuntary settlement, particularly in the context of international practices and approaches.
Immovable Property Acquisition Act, 2013 (1956) The Act enables the Government of Nepal to requisition of immovable property for maintaining law and order as well as the convenience and economic interest of general public. The Government can acquire private immovable property by giving a notification in writing to the property owner or any person having possession over the said property. The Act enables the Government to issue an order to the owner of property or any other person in order to impose restriction on sale and size modification of such property and on providing in rent to tenant without the approval of the Government. The Government can make reasonable modification of the building or land requisitioned in its own cost in order to use in easiest manner. In case any property is requisitioned pursuant to this Act the Government
Page | 187 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Chovar ICD Draft Report shall provide compensation and the valuation of such compensation shall be calculated as per the principle prescribed in Section 8 of the Act.
Forest Act, 2049 (1993) and its Rules 2053 (1995) Forest Act, 1993 and the Forest rules, 1995 is attracted if the road passes through patches of forests and/or privately owned trees. Section 68 of the Forest Act, 1993 empowers GON, in case of no alternatives, to provide parts of any types of forests for the implementation significantly. The competent forestry organization shall give consent to fell down trees along the road alignment by enforcing Section 68 of the Act to facilitate road construction. Furthermore, the forestry laws oblige the proponent to conserve the legally protected species (plans and wild animals). If the road pass through the protected areas (National Park, Wildlife Reserve, Conservation Area, Hunting Reserve or strict nature reserve or declared watershed area), the National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act, 1973 and the Soil and Watershed Conservation Act, 1982 and their rules will also be attracted.
Soil and Watershed Conservation Act, 1982 In order to properly manage the watersheds of Nepal, the Soil and Watershed Conservation Act 1982 was enacted. Section 3 of the Act empowers GoN to declare any area as a protected watershed area. Section 4 of the Act provides that a watershed conservation officer has the authority to implement the following works in protected watershed areas.
Construct and maintain dam, embankment, terrace improvements, diversion channels and retaining walls. Protect vegetation in landslide-prone areas and undertake afforestation programs, and Regulate agricultural practices pertinent to soil and watershed conservation.
Under Section 10 of the Act, power is extended to the Watershed Conservation Officer to grant permission to construct dams, drainage ditches, canals, cut privately owned trees, excavate sand, boulders and soil, discharge solid waste, and establish industry or residential areas within any protected watershed. The Act outlines the essential parameters necessary for proper watershed management (including rivers and lakes). The Act is applicable to protected watersheds.
Labour Act, 2048 (1992) According to the Labour Act 1992, section 4 on Employment of workers and employees, and sub-section 3 on workers or employees engaged in any contract work of a permanent nature in any enterprise shall also be made permanent under subsection (2).
Workers or employees engaged in any work as mentioned in subsection (3) shall be paid benefits provided for in this Act according to their post and scale. Notwithstanding anything contained under subsections (2) and (3), in the event that any establishment is required to increase production or service for a short period of time, it may appoint workers or employees according to need for a certain period by specifying such a period.
Under section 5, no child shall be employed. Except in prescribed circumstances, minors and women may ordinarily be employed for the period from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. Women may be employed like men after making appropriate arrangements on the basis of mutual agreements between the general manager and the employees or workers in question. All labours should be provided safety equipments such as helmets, gloves etc. during works. The Labour Act shall be followed in all the works carried out under the Project.
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Children's Act, 2048 and Child Labour (Prohibition and Regularization) Act, 2056 (2000) Child Labour Prohibition and Regularization Act, 2000 was enacted in favor of the welfare of the Children's right. The section 3 of these acts facilitates the children to inborn rights. Hence the Act prohibits the organizations to involve the children less than 16 years of age to employ in the works. The Child Labour Prohibition Act and Regularization shall be followed in all the works carried out under the Project.
Child related Act, 2048 (1993) and Child Labour (abolition and regulation) Act, 2056 (2001) are the major acts related to child labour in Nepal. The Child Labour (Abolition and Regulation) Act, 2056 (2001), Article 3, Clause 1 prohibited for labour employment any child below the age of 14 years. Clause 2 prohibit child below 16 years to work in risk-prone sectors such as public transportation and construction related works.
Explosive Material Act, 2018 (1961) The Explosive Material Act, 2018 has made a legal provision on how to use explosive material during the construction stage of the Project. The provisions on the category of explosives and the handling procedures and the necessary approvals required are stipulated in the Act. Article 4 of the Act requires license for procurement, storage, use and transportation of explosives, including for any development Projects. If construction activities require the use of explosive, in accordance with the Explosive Material Act, 1961, prior approval of the Chief District Officer (CDO) is needed to purchase explosives. Article 4 of the Act is relevant.
Motor Vehicle and Transport Management Act, 2049 (1993) The Act defines and prescribes necessary standards for vehicles emission and mechanical condition for vehicle registration by the Transport Management Office (TMO) and the TMO can deny a permit based on environmental factor. Standards are set for petrol and diesel engine under the Nepal Vehicle Mass Emission Standard 1999.
Solid Waste Management Act, 2011 It is expedient to amend and consolidate the laws relating to the most urgently needed service like solid waste management to make arrangement for the systematic and effective management of solid waste by minimizing the solid waste at source, re-using, processing or disposing of the solid waste, and to maintain the clean and healthy environment by minimizing the adverse effects of the solid waste in the public health and environment. Thia act has emphasize on stepwise management of soild weast as; Reduction in Production of Solid Waste, Segregation of the Solid Waste, Discharge of Solid Waste, Designation of Solid Waste Collection Center, Transportation of Solid Waste and Reduction, Reuse and Recycling of Solid Waste. The responsibility to construct and operate the infrastructure or structure required for the collection, final disposal and processing of solid waste, including construction of any transfer station, landfill site, processing plant, compost plant, and bio gas plant for the management of solid waste shall rest with the Local Body.
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The responsibility to manage or use otherwise the solid waste discharged or dumped in collection center, transfer station or treatment plant or collected during cleaning shall rest with the Local Body. For the purpose of this Section, the solid waste discharged or dumped in collection center, transfer station or treatment plant or objects collected during cleaning shall be regarded as solid waste. The Local Body shall take necessary steps for the promotion of reduction, reuse and recycling of solid waste and may frame and enforce necessary directives for effective implementation thereof. The Local Body may coordinate with the concerned industry to promote activities for the reduction of solid waste produced by encouraging the reuse of materials during production and packaging by such industry
5. Review of Environment Related Rules Environmental Protection Rules (EPR), 2054 (1997) (First amendment 1999) The EPR obliges the proponent to inform the public on the contents of the proposal in order to ensure the participation of stakeholders. EPR contains the elaborative provisions on the process to be followed during the preparation and approval of Projects requiring IEE and EIA including scoping document, terms of reference, information dissemination, public consultation and hearing and environmental monitoring and auditing. Article 12 of the EPR, requires the proponent to comply with the matters mentioned in the report and other conditions, if any, prescribed by the approving agency or concerned agency, while Rule 13 and 14 are related to environmental monitoring and environmental auditing.
Forest Rules, 2051 (1995) The Forest Rules 2051 elaborates legal measures for the conservation of forests and wildlife. Based on forest legislation, thirteen plant species are included in the level protection list. Of them, GoN has banned the felling, transportation and export of Champ (Michelia champacta), Khayer (Acacia catechu) and Sal (Shorea robusta).
Rule 65 stipulates that in case the execution of any Project having national priority in any forest area causes any loss or harm to any local individual or community, the proponent of the Project itself shall bear the amount of compensation to be paid. The Rule also stipulates that the entire expenses for cutting and transporting the forest products in a forest area to be used by the approved Project shall be borne by the proponents of the Project.
Solid Waste (Management and Resource Mobilization) Rule, 2047 (1990) This rule authorizes SWMRMC to make all arrangements in regard to solid waste storage, collection, transfer, and disposal and resource recovery activities. It authorizes to collect feed from beneficiaries of its services. Also, SWMRMC is allowed to sell resources from the solid waste collected. SWMRMC is authorized to impose and collect fines in cases of the breach of listed prohibitions. SWMRMC is authorized to collect service charges and other fines in the manner prescribed by law for recovery of other Government dues. In addition, the Solid Waste Management National Policy, 1996 stipulates,
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A separate unit concerning sanitation works should be established in each municipality and VDC responsible for collection, site management, transportation, and final disposal of solid waste. Need for improving capacity of local governments to manage solid waste. Promote privatization and involvement of NGOs and social organizations. Mobilize solid waste as a resource through recycling and processing. Government create a new central institution and that local authorities are to manage the waste in coordination with this central agency responsible for: (i) select site for final disposal of the solid waste, conduct EIA and assist local bodies in the final disposal works of solid waste as per necessity (ii) develop concept of minimization of waste (iii) develop skilled manpower to carryout solid waste management works (iv) prepare appropriate criteria for the management of solid wastes on the basis of quantity of and waste quality (v) develop solid waste management technology suitable to local conditions and (vi) monitoring and evaluation of various solid waste management activities.
6. Review of Plans and Policies National Trade Policy, 1992 In the mid-1960s, Nepal adopted export diversification and import substitution strategies. In 1977, the government introduced the Dual Exchange Rate System, which was modified in 1978. In 1981, a cash subsidy programme was introduced to promote exports. Other important measures adopted by the government include duty exemption on export commodities, special financial arrangement for production and export, simplification of licensing and customs procedures, and introduction of new industry and trade-related acts. Some schemes for export promotion were also introduced in first Trade Policy, 1983. De- licensing of exports, waiver of income tax on export earnings, introduction of duty drawback system and bonded warehouse facility, simplification of customs procedures, establishment of a National Export Trade Development Council were the main features of this policy. In the mid-1980s, Nepal initiated economic liberalization through the implementation of Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) and adopted various measures for trade policy reform. A new liberal Trade Policy was introduced in 1992. The major objectives of this policy are to promote internal and international trade, encourage private sector participation, diversify trade in terms of both commodities and markets, strengthen backward linkages, expand employment oriented trade and reduce trade imbalances.
Forest Policy, 1993 The forest policy is attracted when a development project directly or indirectly impacts on the forest resources. The forest policy is directed, inter alia, to contribute food production through effective interaction between forestry and farming system, to protect land against degradation by soil erosion, landslide, and other effects of ecological disturbances, and to conserve ecosystem and genetic resources. However, the forest policy re-emphasizes to avoid forest destruction or tree cutting while constructing infrastructures during implementation of project other than forest sector. The policy has prioritized the protection of Siwalik, the geologically vulnerable area, with a view to ensure watershed conservation, and maintenance of water recharge. The policy also stresses conservation of endangered species. It has reiterated that forest area will not be used for any activities other than prescribed in Operational Forest Management Plan. The forest policy emphasizes the
Page | 191 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Chovar ICD Draft Report implementation of community and private forestry development programs, national parks and conservation areas management programs, soil and watershed conservation program, management and development of medicinal plants, and conservation of biological diversity.
7. Review of Environment Related Guidelines National EIA Guidelines, 1993 The guideline states clear directions about the process of conducting EIA. This guideline makes EIA in Nepal legally mandatory and contains process for ensuring public involvement during the preparation of EIA report. It calls for information regarding identification of physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural impacts. Impacts ranking method also suggested in this guideline. It stresses the inclusion of mitigation measures to avoid, minimize and mitigate adverse impacts and maximize beneficial impacts resulting from the development Project and monitoring & environmental auditing in the EIA report. Its revision in 1997 calls for the ensuring local people‟s participation , collection of relevant information, identifying major issues of public concerns, evaluate them and establishing priorities for EIA study.
Environmental Management Guidelines July, 1997 The Guideline, prepared by the Geo-Environment & Social Unit (GESU) of DoR, stipulates the integration of environmental mitigation measures in surveying, design, tender document preparation, contract document preparation, construction, maintenance, rehabilitation and operation of road Projects. The guideline results from a program undertaken jointly by GoN and the World Bank under the Road Maintenance and Rehabilitation Project (RMDP). The Guideline has been formally approved by Minister level decision in 1997.
The Guideline is the part of operational practices for all road maintenance, rehabilitation and construction activities under DoR schemes. The environmental mitigation measures are broken down into twelve categories including (i) Quarries; (ii) Borrow Pits; (iii) Spoil and Construction Waste Disposal; (iv) Work Camp Location and Operation; (v) Labour Camp Location and Operation; (vi) Earthwork/Slope Stabilization; (vii) Use of Bitumen; (viii) Stockpiling of Materials; (ix) Explosive, Combustible and Toxic Materials Management; (x) Setting Up and Operation of Stone Crushing Plants; (xi) Water Management; (xii) Air & Noise Pollution.
The Guideline suggests methods for determining how and when the public should be included in the environmental analysis. Apart from providing a comprehensive list for mitigation measures to be incorporated into DoR Projects, it describes the procedures for public participation, and other socio-economic safeguard considerations. It gives advice on assessing socio-economic impacts and strategies for reducing or avoiding potential adverse impacts, and for maximizing the positive ones for the benefit of local residents. The Socio- economic impacts include important issues of land acquisition and compensation and other economic impacts related with markets for agriculture production, agriculture inputs, nutrition, extraction of natural resources beyond replenishment, migration and influx of migrants, land speculation, illegal logging and mining, carrying goods by porters etc. It also includes the handling of impacts on cultural heritage.
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Environmental and Social Management Framework, 2007 This Environmental and Social Management Framework report (ESMF) intends to provide technical and managerial inputs and guidance into the design of the strategic roads (both designated for rehabilitation and, to lesser extent, to new construction), through identification of key environmental and social issues related to the foreseen Projects, mitigate potential impacts and concerns and, devise opportunities to enhance the benefits. The framework integrates in a step-wise approach the most important environmental and social considerations into all stages of Project preparation, implementation, monitoring and operation and is applicable to all future Projects.
The ESMF is applicable to all proposed sub- Project activities and through all stages of the sub-Project cycle, i.e. from pre-planning, planning and design, implementation to post- implementation. The design flow of ESMF activities will be coordinated and integrated into the Project cycle.
Land Acquisition Guidelines, 1989 The Land Acquisition Guidelines of 1989 and guidelines pursuant to section 16 and 17 of the Land Acquisition Act 2034. These guidelines specify two categories of affected families, Project Affected Families (PAF) and Seriously Project Affected Family (SPAF).
The Guidelines specify the establishment of an Acquisition and Rehabilitation Committee (also known as Compensation Fixation Committee, “CFC”) consisting of the concerned Chief District Officer (Chair), Land Revenue Officer, representative of the DDC and the Project Manager and others as deemed necessary. The Committee is responsible for acquiring land and paying compensation. In 1993, a second set of guidelines reduced the Acquisition and Rehabilitation Committee to a four-member Compensation Fixation and Rehabilitation Management Committee by dropping the Land Revenue Officer and other governmental appointees. The functions and powers of the committee were clarified, as were methods of payment and means of ensuring fair valuation of land quality.
EIA Guidelines for the Forestry Sector, 1995 EIA Guidelines for the Forestry Sector has given focus to make proposals which have forest components socio-culturally acceptable, economically feasible and environmentally sustainable, thereby to conserve genetic resources and biodiversity, and minimize environmental damage in forest areas and facilitate in identification of positive and adverse impacts of proposal implementation.
Import and Export Strategies Trade Policy also contains import and export strategies. The major import strategies are to: . Simplify existing import licensing and control system and gradual replacement of quantitative restrictions on imports with tariffs; . Simplify import procedures and documentation; and . Allow import of all goods except some limited items through purchase of foreign exchange at the rate fixed by the market mechanism in order to make Nepalese currency fully convertible. The policy also seeks to facilitate imports by making foreign exchange arrangements more flexible. For goods imported through auction, NRB has the authority to make foreign currency available at the rate fixed.
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NRB has also sought to make Nepalese currency fully convertible and gradually allow currency to be bought and sold under the rates determined by market mechanism. For this purpose, commercial banks have been given permission to make foreign exchange available for import of industrial raw materials, spare parts and services and for payments of foreign loans and interests of the non- governmental sector. Similarly, the major export strategies stipulated in Trade Policy are: . Introduction of container service and expansion of existing bonded warehouses; . Implementation of duty drawback scheme to refund duty paid on import of inputs used for export; . Establishment of Export Promotion Zones (EPZs); . Move towards full convertibility of the Nepalese currency and gradual elimination of the Export Valuation System; . Establishment of quality checks to improve the standard of exportable products; . Exemption of income tax for earnings from exports; and . Emphasis on development of the packaging industry. - Nepal‟s export policy seeks to increase the production and quality of exportable products and make them competitive in the world market. - The policy emphasizes the need to export high value added products. - The export policy recognizes the need to identify new markets and products to promote exports. The policy also recognizes the potential of service-oriented activities in increasing foreign exchange earnings.
Forest Produce Collection and Sales Distribution Guidelines, 2058 (2001) The guideline‟s clauses 3 to 10 have specified various procedure and formats for getting approval for vegetation clearance, delineation of lands for vegetation clearance, evaluation of wood volume etc. and government offices and officials responsible for the approval, delineation and evaluation. These provisions have a direct relevance to the development of the Project and need compliance to these provisions.
Guidelines on Use of Forest Area for Other Purposes, 2063 (2006) The guideline has stipulated that forest areas will not be allowed to be used for other purposes for Project other that those listed as Projects of national importance. Only national Projects of non-profit natures will be allowed in the forest area, which does not have any other alternatives. If other alternatives are not present, then the proponent shall develop equal areas as forest area and make arrange to conserve it for five years. All trees cleared need to be compensated by replantation at the ratio of 25 trees for each tree cut.
8. Review of International Environmental Related Guidelines and Conventions a. World Bank Guidelines for Environmental Assessment, The objectives of EAs are to (i) ensure that the Projects proposed for Bank financing are environmentally and socially sound and sustainable; (ii) inform decision makers of the nature of environmental and social risks; and (iii) increase transparency and participation of decision makers in the decision-making process. To satisfy the Bank‟s Environmental Assessment requirements, there are various instruments suggested including EIA, Environmental Audit, and Environmental Management Plan etc. Any World Bank Project,
Page | 194 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Chovar ICD Draft Report which is likely to have potential adverse environmental risks and impacts in its area of influence, requires an Environmental Analysis, indicating the potential risks, mitigation measures and environmental management framework or plan. For ascertaining which extent and type of environmental assessment is required, the Bank undertakes environmental screening of each proposed Project. The Bank classifies the Project in to one of the four categories depending upon the type (Project or specific components have inherent environmental risks), location (proximity to environmentally, socially and culturally important areas), sensitivity (potential impacts may be irreversible or environment sensitive to changes, and scale (extent of environmental and social issues) of the Project and the nature and magnitude of its potential environmental impacts: Category A: if it is likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are sensitive, diverse or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area broader than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. This is where EIA is level study is needed. Category B: if potential adverse impacts are less adverse than those of Category A Projects; these impacts are site specific; few in any of them are irreversible; and in most cases mitigation measures are readily designed. An IEE level study is needed here. Category C: If it is likely to cause minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. Here, no additional environmental assessment is needed beyond environmental screening. Category F: if it involves investment of Bank funds through a financial intermediary, in sub-Projects that may result in adverse environmental impact. It requires appropriate environmental review for each sub-Project.
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) (OP 4.01) Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is used in the World Bank to identify, avoid and mitigate the potential negative environmental impacts associated with Bank‟s leading operations early-on in the project cycle. The policy states that Environment Assessment (EA) and mitigation plans are required for all projects having significant adverse environmental impact or involuntary resettlement. Assessment should include analysis of alternative designs and sites, or consideration of “no option” and required public participation and information disclosure before the Bank approves the project.
The objectives of EAs are to i. Ensure that the projects proposed for Bank financing are environmentally and socially sound and sustainable. ii. Inform decision makers of the nature of environmental and social risks: and iii. Increase transparency and participation of decision makers in the decision- making process. 2. Natural Habitat (OP 4.04) The policy implementation ensures that Bank-supported development projects gives proper consideration to the conservation of natural habitats, in order to safeguard their unique biodiversity and ensure the sustainability of the environmental services and products which natural habitats provide to human society.
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This policy is applicable when a project (including any subproject under a sector investment or financial intermediary loan) with the potential to cause significant conversion (loss) or degradation of natural habitats whether directly (through construction) or indirectly (through human activities induced by the project)
2. Forest Policy (OP 4.36) The implementation of the policy ensures that envisaged forest sector activities and other Bank sponsored interventions which have the potential to impact significantly upon forest areas:
a. Do not encroach upon significant natural forest areas that serve important social, environmental or local economic purposes. b. Do not compromise the rights of local communities to continue their traditional use of forests in a sustainable fashion. c. Do not finance commercial logging operations, in the case of primary tropical moist forest, nor any purchase of equipment for this purpose.
3. Indigenous Peoples (OP 4.10) This policycontributes to the Bank'smission of poverty reduction and sustainable development by ensuring thatthe development process fully respects the dignity, human rights, economies, and cultures of Indigenous Peoples.For all projects that are proposed for Bank financing and affect Indigenous Peoples,the Bank requires theborrower to engage in a process of free, prior, and informed consultation.The Bank provides project financingonly where free, prior, and informed consultation results in broad community support to the project by the affectedIndigenous Peoples.Such Bank-financed projects include measures to (a) avoid potentially adverse effects onthe Indigenous Peoples‟ communities; or (b) when avoidance is not feasible, minimize, mitigate, or compensate forsuch effects. Bank-financed projects are also designed to ensure that the Indigenous Peoples receive social andeconomic benefits that are culturally appropriate and gender and intergenerationally inclusive.
For purposes of this policy, the term “Indigenous Peoples” is used in a generic sense to refer to adistinct, vulnerable, social and cultural grouppossessing the following characteristics in varying degrees: (a) Self-identification as members of a distinct indigenous cultural group and recognition of this identity by others; (b) Collective attachment to geographically distinct habitats or ancestral territories in the project area and to the natural resources in these habitats and territories (c) Customary cultural, economic, social, or political institutions that are separate from those of the dominant society and culture; and (d) An indigenous language, often different from the official language of the country or region.
1. Cultural Property (OP 4.11) The World Bank Policy OP/BO 4.11 defines physical cultural resources as movable or immovable objects, sites, structures, groups of structures, natural features and landscapes that have archaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, religious, aesthetic or other cultural significance. Physical cultural resources may be located in urban or rural
Page | 196 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Chovar ICD Draft Report setting and may be above or below ground, or under water. Their cultural interest may be at the local, provincial or national level, or within the international community.
The bank assists countries to avoid or mitigate adverse impacts on physical cultural resources from development projects that it finances. The impacts on physical cultural resources resulting from project activities, including mitigation measures, may not contravene either the borrower‟s national legislation, or its obligation under relevant international environmental treaties and agreements.
2. Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12) Involuntary resettlement may cause severe long-term hardship, impoverishment, and environmental damage unless appropriate measures are carefully planned and carried out. For thesereasons, theoverall objectives of theBank's policy on involuntary resettlement are the following:
(a) Involuntary resettlement should be avoided where feasible, or minimized, exploring all viable alternative project designs. (b) Where it is not feasible to avoid resettlement, resettlement activities should be conceived and executedas sustainable development programs, providing sufficient investment resources to enable the personsdisplaced by the project to share in project benefits. Displaced personsshould be meaningfully consultedand should have opportunities to participate in planning and implementing resettlement programs. (c) Displaced persons should be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of livingor at least to restore them, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to thebeginning of project implementation, whichever is higher. b. Relevant Conventions Convention on Biological Diversity, (CBD) 1992 Nepal signed the convention on biological diversity in 1992, ratified in 1993 and formally became state party to the CBD in 1994. The CBD linked PAs to larger issues of public concern like sustainable development, traditional knowledge, access to genetic resources, and equitable sharing of benefits. The main purpose of CBD is to integration of plan, policies, and programs in sectoral and cross-sectoral agencies to conserve biological component.
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), 1975 Since 1975, Nepal has been working as a party to the CITES. This has facilitated international cooperation to stop or control international trade in endangered wild fauna and flora. The aim of CITES is to reduce or eliminate trade in species whose numbers or conditions suggest that further removal would cause extinction of that species. The Agreement classifies species according to criteria where access for control is important e.g. First – species threatened with extinction, Second – species, which could become endangered and Third – species that are protected.
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Plant Protection Agreement for South East Asia and the Pacific (amended), 1956 This agreement on Plant Protection obliges all signatory countries of the South East Asia and the Pacific to protect and preserve plants that are enlisted as endangered and are indigenous to the area.
ILO Convention, 1969 ILO Convention No.169 is a legally binding international instrument, which deals specifically with the rights of indigenous and tribal peoples. Article 4 of the Convention calls for special measures to be adopted to safeguard the persons, institutions, property, labour, cultures and environment of these peoples. In addition, the Convention stipulates that these special measures should not go against the free wishes of indigenous peoples. The Convention recognizes these differences, and aims to ensure that they are protected and taken into account when any measures are being undertaken that are likely to have an impact on these peoples. The Convention requires that indigenous and tribal peoples are consulted on issues that affect them. It also requires that these peoples are able to engage in free, prior and informed participation in policy and development processes that affect them. Article 7 of Convention No. 169 states that indigenous and tribal peoples have the right to “decide their own priorities for the process of development as it affects their lives, beliefs, institutions and spiritual well-being and the lands they occupy or otherwise use, and to exercise control over their economic, social and cultural development”.
National Biodiversity Strategy, 2002. The Nepal Biodiversity Strategy (NBS) is a commitment by the Government of Nepal for the protection and wise use of the biologically diverse resources of the country, the protection of ecological processes and systems, and the equitable sharing of all ensuring benefits on a sustainable basis, for the benefit of the people and to honor obligations under the Convention on Biological Diversity. Biological diversity in Nepal is closely linked to the livelihoods and economic development of most of the people, and relates to agricultural productivity and sustainability, human health and nutrition, indigenous knowledge, gender equality, building materials, water resources, and the aesthetic and cultural well being of the society. NBS has the objective for the protection of biological diversity in Nepal and identifies or restates Government policy on natural resources and their diversity.
The outcomes of the NBS has lead towards stronger political commitment, an information management system, enhanced human and institutional capacity, clear policies and legislation, detailed Action Plans, heightened public awareness and an effective monitoring and evaluation process. The strategic plan highlights the existing weaknesses, gaps, difficulties and other problems that threaten Nepal‟s Biodiversity. It provides the implementation mechanisms, roles and responsibilities of various government agencies, the private sector and people of the country to overcome the challenges related to biodiversity threats. The implementation mechanism of NBS is based accountability and transparency approach.
1. Relevant institutions and their responsibilities A number of institutions will be directly or indirectly involved during the construction and operation of this road Project as a stakeholder of the proposed Project.
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Central Level Institutions Ministry of Population and Environment (MOPE) The Ministry involved in environmental monitoring works. The Ministry has also the legal mandate to prepare the environmental auditing report after two years of Project operation or commencement of the service from this proposal. It is clear that spirit of the environmental laws is to ensure the involvement of the environmental agency in environmental auditing works.This review on policy, laws, guidelines and related institutions clearly indicates that there is no problem to construct this Project on environmental ground and these instruments further facilitate to integrate the environmental aspects and make the Project environmentally sound and sustainable.
Local Level Institutions Services such as educational and health institutions, irrigation and drinking water facilitates, which may have likely impact by the Project activities.
Districts Level Development Agencies The Districts Administration Office will be directly involved in land and property acquisition and compensation issues, if such issues arise. The Chief Districts Office (CDO) can facilitate this process as a chairperson of the Compensation Determination Committee. The CDO can also instruct the districts level organizations to assist the Project activities.The Districts Land Revenue Office can facilitate in transferring the land ownership if needed, once the proponent compensates the privately owned land and properties. Non-Governmental and Community-Based Organizations Numbers of local clubs, Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) are actively involved in the area for the development activities. These NGOs and Community Based Organizations (CBOs) can assist the Project particularly by creating awareness on the importance of road for local area development and sustainability during operation phase.
2. Review of other related documents The following Relevant Standards are reviewed and relevant Standards. National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Nepal, 2012, GoN The new National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) 2012 that came into effect requires effective monitoring and collection of eight-hour and 24-hour samples of air pollutants like Total Suspended Particulates (TSP), Particulate Matter (PM10 and PM2.5), carbon monoxide, lead and ozone levels for at least 347 days out of a 365-day year. The NAAQS further states that no particular place should fail to monitor air samples for two consecutive days. TSP consist of solid and liquid particles in the air that are harmful to health while PM10 is an air particle with a volume less than 10 micron that can easily enter into the end of the respiratory tract and cause serious health impacts. Both TSP and PM10 are considered major air pollutants.
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National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Nepal Averaging Concentration Parameters Units Test Method time Max. Annual TSP (µg/m3) 24-Hours* 230 High Volume Sampling and Gravimetric Analysis Annual PM10 (µg/m3) High Volume Sampling and Gravimetric Analysis, 24-Hours* 120 TOEM, Beta Attenuation Annual** 50 SO (µg/m3) ultraviolet Fluorescence West and Gaeke Method 2 24-Hours* 70 Annual 40 Chemiluminescence NO (µg/m3) 2 24-Hours* 80 Same as Annual CO (µg/m3) 8-Hours* 10,000 Non Dispersive Infra Red Spectrophotometer NDIR High Volume Sampling, Atomic Absorption Lead (µg/m3) Annual** 0.5 Spectrometry Benzene (µg/m3) Annual** 5 Gas Chromatographic Technique PM2.5 (µg/m3) 24-Hours* 40 PM2.5 Sampling Gravimetric Analysis Ozone (µg/m3) 8-Hours* 157 UV Spectrophotometer *Note:24 hourly values shall be met 95% of the time in a year. 18 days per calendar year the standard may be exceeded but not on two consecutive days. **Note:24 hourly standards for NO2 and SO2 and 8 hours standard for CO are not to be controlled before MoPEhas recommended appropriate test methodologies.
National Drinking Water Quality Standards, 2005 Major tasks during monitoring to be performed by water supplier are cited as follows: 1. Controlling regularly the quality to ascertain that the water supplied complies with the NDWQS. 2. Periodic monitoring of all the components of the water supply system from the perspective of sanitation and risk to health. 3. Proper supervision, inspection and maintenance as part of operation of the water supply systems. 4. Development of necessary infrastructure like water quality testing laboratory and quality control. Following factors should be considered while monitoring: 1. Type and quality of water sources i.e. surface water, springs, dug-wells, shallow wells, deep wells 2. Type and size of the water supply system (pipe system, treatment facilities) 3. Local environmental settings (physical infrastructure, geography, etc) 4. Sanitation and hygienic condition surrounding the water supply system. 5. Socio-economic environment at the local level. 6. Site specific conditions for complying with the standards 7. User‟s opinion and suggestions regarding water quality 8. Health and Hygiene Information (information on water related diseases)
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Minimum Frequency of Sampling and Analysis Source Minimum frequency of sampling andanalysis Remarks andmode Bacteriological Physical/Chemical ofsupply Open wells for Sanitary protection Once initially for Pollution usually expected to community measures; bacterial community wells occur supply testing only if situation demands Covered dug Sanitary protection Once initially, Situations requiring testing: wells and measures; bacterial thereafter as situation change in environmental shallow tube testing only if situation demands conditions, outbreak of wells with hand demands waterborne diseases or increase pumps in incidence of waterborne diseases Deep tube wells Once initially, thereafter Once initially, Situations requiring testing: with hand pumps as situation demands thereafter as situation change in environmental demands conditions, outbreak of waterborne diseases or increase in incidence of waterborne diseases Protected Once initially, thereafter Periodically for Situations requiring testing: springs as situation demands residual chlorine if change in environmental water was conditions, outbreak of contaminated and waterborne diseases or increase has been disinfected in incidence of waterborne diseases
World Bank Guidelines (2012): In assessing the quality of drinking-water, consumers rely principally upon theirsenses. Microbial, chemical and physical water constituents may affect the appearance, odor or taste of the water and the consumer will evaluate the quality and acceptability of the water on the basis of these criteria. Although these substances may haveno direct health effects, water that is highly turbid, is highly colored or has an objectionable taste or odor may be regarded by consumers as unsafe and may be rejected.In extreme cases, consumers may avoid aesthetically unacceptable but otherwise safedrinking-water in favor of more pleasant but potentially unsafe sources. It is therefore wise to be aware of consumer perceptions and to take into account both healthrelated guidelines and aesthetic criteria when assessing drinking-water supplies anddeveloping regulations and standards.
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National Noise Standards, 2012, GoN The National Noise Standard 2012 that came into effect as per the rule 15 of Nepal Government Environmental Protection Regulation 1997 that requires effective monitoring and collection of Day-time and Night-time noise level permitted limits as in the following table.
National Noise Level Standards for Nepal Area Permitted Noise Level (Leq dBA) Day Time Night Time Industrial Area 75 70 Commercial Area 65 55 Rural Residential Area 45 40 Urban Residential Area 55 50 Mix Residential Area 63 55 Protected Area 50 40
Maximum Noise level permission by Residential Equipment Equipment Max. Noise Level (Leq dBA) Water Pump 65 Diesel Generator 90 Entertainment Equipment 70
World Bank guideline:Noise impacts should not exceed the levels listed to the left, or result in a maximum increase in background levels of 3dB at the nearest receptor location off-site.
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Chapter 12 CONCLUSION
The present EIA study has assessed the potential environmental impacts of the proposed Kathmandu ICD Project at Kirtipur Municipality‟s Chovar. The implementation of proposed Project is expected to provide likely beneficial impacts on the surrounding settlement area. Major benefit during construction stage includes increase of local business, increase in local economy,employment opportunities and enhancement of technical skills of the local people.
There is limited physical, biological and socio-economic impact by proposed project and hence an EIA study is sufficient for the construction of the ICD. No further investigation is necessary in any aspect of the environment as well as socio-economic and cultural environment. The set forth mitigation measures will help to minimize the impacts and various governmental and non-governmental agencies responsible for tackling the problem related with different components and conserve the environment.
Beneficial Impacts
The development of ICD at Chovar at premises of former Himal Cement Factory,is expected to cause both beneficial and adverse impacts on the environment during the construction and operation stages. The Project will generate opportunities of employment to a number of local people and improve the technical skills of these workers during the construction stage. The construction activities will help in increasing income of local people through opportunity to work in the project, promote trade and business and enhance access to social services facilities. In addition the local people will be benefited as the area will develop other related business outlets, related to the ICD offices, when the Project comes into operation. The Project has proposed enhancement in technical skills of local people through trainings. These training and skills will increase the employment, trade and finally income in the long run. Adverse Impacts and their Mitigation Adverse impacts associated to the Project‟s activities during Project construction and operation stage are given below:
Physical Environment Some negative impacts are likely to occur on Physical Environment during construction stage, such asair and noise pollution, solid waste generation, contamination of Bagmati River with solid and liquid pollutants.Increased pressure of construction vehicles and equipment can cause accidents. Similarly, rate of traffic accidents can increase due to increased incoming and out-going containers and freight vehicles, to and from the project area during operation stage. To minimize the air and noise pollution affecting the surrounding areas during construction stage, construction area shall be well fenced; sound barriers shall be installed to control unnecessary noise; water shall be sprayed in working and dusty areas to control dust; sufficient number of guards and flag-men shall be deployed to manage traffic. These agreements shall be followed by the respective contractors and have been mentioned in the contract document.
Page | 203 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Chovar ICD Draft Report
Biological Environment Total of 400trees are likely to be felled for the construction of this Project. These trees are needed to be cleared for the construction of the port and extension of road, however no significant impact on biological environment is anticipated from these cutting.
The Project will plant and conserve10,000 saplingsat the rate of 25 saplings per each felled tree as compensatory plantation so as to maintain the biological environment of the project area.Site of plantation (the bank of the Bagmati River where a well-managed park is proposed for construction after plantation)and conservation plans along with estimated budget has been finalized. Social and Cultural Environment The proposed Project will use the land acquired by the former Himal Cement Factory. All land is under the ownership of Nepal Government. No further acquisition of land is required for this Project, thus there is no issues of land acquisition, resettlement and compensation for this Project.
Pressure on local social services, commodities and resources due to external workforce can be observed during construction stage of project. Similarly,increase in unsocial activities such as robbery, prostitution, conflicts, gambling and alcoholismcan also occur due to pressure of external work force.
Mitigation measures to minimize possible adverse impacts on socio-economic and cultural aspects are as follows: Safety of workers and possible conflicts likely to arise from the workers and role of contractors to minimize them have been properly mentioned in the contract document. Enough budgets shall be allocated for enhancement of social aspects of Project area and its periphery. Grievances Address Mechanism shall be incorporated for solving those impacts which have not been mitigated or unraveling public complaints.
Budget have been allocated for restoration and repair of Jal Binayak Temple
Environmental Management Plan Environmental Management Plan has been developed so as to conserve the environment that consist of possible negative impacts and its mitigation measures during project construction and code of conduct that has to be followed by deployed contractors.
Tentative cost estimation for mitigation measures, such as; Compensatory Plantation and its conservation for 5 years to maintain the biological diversity and environment, social enhancement cost separated from the proponent and other possible environmental impact mitigationmeasures has been separated or incorporated. In total, the Project will spend NRs. 60,882,324 for environmental enhancement and mitigation measures, which is approximately 2.07% of the total Project cost.
Page | 204 Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Chovar ICD Draft Report
It is recommended to the proponent, to construct this Project,taking due consideration to the measures stipulated in this Report and detailed in the Environmental Management Plan.
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ANNEXES
ANNEX I MAPS
ANNEX II PHYSICAL DATA
ANNEX III BIOLOGICAL DATA
ANNEX IV SOCIAL DATA
ANNEX V PUBLIC CONSULTATION DURING EIA STAGE
ANNEX VI PROJECT INFORMATION LEAFLET
ANNEX VII QUESTIONNAIRE USED
ANNEX VIII PUBLIC NOTICE AND NOTIFICATION EVIDENCE
ANNEX IX DOCUMENTATION OF CORRESPONDENCE FROM STAKEHOLDERS
ANNEX X PHOTOGRAPHS
ANNEX XI APPROVED TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR)
ANNEX XII LIST OF TEAM MEMBERS AND DECLARATION FORM
ANNEX XIII JAL BINAYAK TEMPLE AREA LOCAL AREA IMPROVEMENT PLAN
ANNEX XIV GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM
ANNEX XV ACTION PLAN FOR TRANSLOCATION OF TEMPORARILY- SETTLED EARTHQUAKE-AFFECTED FAMILIES
ANNEX XVI OTHERS
. Environment Safeguard Management Plans to be Prepared by Contractor . Sample Protocol For Communication . Sample Communication Plan
ANNEX I: LOCATION MAP
A
Additional Plot
550 m Main Project Site
250 m
A BAGAMTI RIVER
ANNEX II: PHYSICAL DATA
A. Rainfall Data
Monthly Total Rainfall (in mm) of Kathmandu Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1999 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 5.0 15.6 22.9 14.2 8.6 6.4 0.0 0.0 2000 0.1 0.1 0.9 1.0 5.6 12.1 11.1 17.8 4.2 0.9 0.0 0.0 2001 0.2 1.2 0.3 1.9 6.8 9.5 14.4 11.5 7.5 1.4 1.3 0.0 2002 1.6 1.7 2.2 1.4 11.0 7.4 27.4 14.2 4.8 0.5 0.2 0.0 2003 0.7 3.6 1.4 2.1 1.5 7.0 18.6 8.9 6.4 0.3 0.0 0.4 2004 0.3 0.0 0.6 3.8 7.4 5.2 17.3 6.2 6.5 1.0 0.1 0.0 2005 2.1 0.8 1.8 2.5 2.0 8.0 7.5 10.8 3.4 2.5 0.0 0.1 2006 0.0 0.0 0.4 4.0 3.6 8.2 9.5 7.9 9.1 0.2 0.1 1.1 2007 0.0 4.5 1.9 3.9 3.2 9.1 10.4 11.2 13.4 0.8 0.1 0.0 2008 0.4 0.0 1.5 1.8 3.8 13.1 8.9 11.0 5.3 0.3 0.0 0.1 2009 0.0 0.0 0.6 1.0 4.5 2.9 12.3 15.0 3.7 2.7 0.1 0.1 2010 0.9 0.0 0.2 2.1 5.5 5.6 15.3 8.5 8.2 3.7 0.5 0.0 2011 1.7 0.4 1.7 2.8 3.2 4.8 9.7 11.1 3.2 4.1 0.0 0.0 2012 0.0 0.0 0.7 3.6 2.4 6.7 8.8 12.0 12.9 0.6 0.2 0.8 2013 0.0 3.2 1.7 2.6 2.7 6.0 9.5 9.8 11.5 1.5 0.2 0.0 2014 0.2 0.0 1.3 1.2 2.8 10.7 9.9 12.2 7.4 0.4 0.0 0.3 2015 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.4 3.6 2.3 8.7 16.8 2.5 2.3 0.0 0.1 Source: Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM)
Annual Average Concentration of PM10 and TSP at Different Location Of Kathmandu During 2001
Locations PM10Concentration (µg/m3) TSP Concentration (µg/m3) Paknajol 209 830 Patan 286 1364 Chabhil 289 1363 Bhaktapur 120 1993 Kirtipur 87 154 Matsyagau 72 Source: MOSTE/ESPS, 2001
B. Standards to be adopted for Air, Water and Noise during Project Construction and Implementation National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Nepal Averaging Concentration Parameters Units Test Method time Max. Annual
TSP (µg/m3) High Volume Sampling and Gravimetric 24-Hours* 230 Analysis Annual
PM10 (µg/m3) High Volume Sampling and Gravimetric 24-Hours* 120 Analysis, TOEM, Beta Attenuation Annual** 50 ultraviolet Fluorescence West and Gaeke Sulfur Dioxide (µg/m3) 24-Hours* 70 Method Annual 40 Chemiluminescence Nitrogen Dioxide (µg/m3) 24-Hours* 80 Same as Annual Non Dispersive Infra-Red Carbon Monoxide (µg/m3) 8-Hours* 10,000 Spectrophotometer NDIR
High Volume Sampling, Atomic Lead (µg/m3) Annual** 0.5 Absorption Spectrometry Benzene (µg/m3) Annual** 5 Gas Chromatographic Technique PM2.5 (µg/m3) 24-Hours* 40 PM2.5 Sampling Gravimetric Analysis Ozone (µg/m3) 8-Hours* 157 UV Spectrophotometer Source: National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Nepal, 2012, GoN *Note: 24 hourly values shall be met 95% of the time in a year. 18 days per calendar year the standard may be exceeded but not on two consecutive days. **Note: 24 hourly standards for NO2 and SO2 and 8 hours standard for CO are not to be controlled before MoPE has recommended appropriate test methodologies.
National Noise Level Standards for Nepal Permitted Noise Level (Leq dBA) Area Day Time Night Time Industrial Area 75 70 Commercial Area 65 55 Rural Residential Area 45 40 Urban Residential Area 55 50 Mix Residential Area 63 55 Protected Area 50 40 Source: National Noise Standards, 2012, GoN Maximum Noise level permission by Residential Equipment S.N Equipment Max. Noise Level (Leq dBA) 1 Water Pump 65 2 Diesel Generator 90 3 Entertainment Equipment 70 Source: National Noise Standards, 2012, GoN
Standards for Effluents Discharged into Inland Waters from the Construction Sites and Camps SN Parameters Tolerance Limits 1. Total Suspended solids, mg/L, Max 30-200 2. Particle size of total suspended particles Shall pass 850-micron Sieve. 3. pH 5.5 to 9.0 Shall not exceed 40 degree C in any section of the 4. Temperature stream within 15 meters down-stream from the effluent outlet Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) for 5 days at 5. 30-100 20 degree C, mg/L, Max 6. Oils and grease, mg/L, Max 10 7. Phenolic compounds, mg/L, Max 1 8. Cynides (as CN), mg/L, Max 0.2 9. Sulphides (as S), mg/L, Max 2 10. Radioactive materials: 11. a. Alpha emitters, c/ml, Max 7 OCT 12. b. Beta emitters, c/ml, Max 8 OCT 13. Insecticides Absent 14. Total residual chlorine, mg/L 1 15. Fluorides (as F), mg/L, Max 2 16. Arsenic (as As), mg/L, Max 0.2 17. Cadmium (as, Cd), mg/L, Max 2 18. Hexavalent chromium (as Cr), mg/L, Max 0.1 19. Copper (as Cu), mg/L, Max 3 20. Lead (as Pb), mg/L, Max 0.1 21. Mercury (as Hg), mg/L, Max .01 22. Nickel (as Ni), mg/L, Max 3 23. Selenium (as Se), mg/L, Max 0.05 24. Zinc (as Zn), mg/L, Max 5 25. Ammonical nitrogen, mg/L, Max 50 26. Chemical Oxygen Demand, mg/L, Max 250 27. Silver, mg/L, Max 0.1 Source: MOSTE
Drinking Water Quality Standards for Construction Camps and Construction Sites
S N Parameters Desirable Limits Maximum Tolerable Limit 1 Colour, Hazen units, Max 10 15 2 Odour Unobjectionable 3 Taste Agreeable 4 Turbidity, NTU, Max 5 10 5 Total Dissolved Solids, mg/l , Max 500 1500 7 3) mg/l, Max 250 8 Iron (as Fe), mg/l, Max 0.3 9 4), mg/l, Max 150 10 3), mg/l, Max 45 No relaxation 11 Fluoride (as F), mg/l, Max 1.5 12 6H5OH), mg/l, Max 0.001 May be relaxed upto 0.002 13 Mercury (as Hg), mg/l, Max 0.001 No relaxation 14 Cadmium (as Cd), mg/l, Max 0.01 No relaxation 15 Selenium (as Se), mg/l, Max 0.01 No relaxation Source: Department of Water Supply & Sewerage
National Drinking Water Quality Standards, 2005, GoN, Minimum Frequency of Sampling and Analysis Source and Mode Minimum frequency of sampling and analysis Remarks of supply Bacteriological Physical/Chemical Sanitary protection Open wells for Once initially for measures; bacterial Pollution usually expected to occur community community wells testing only if situation supply demands Covered dug Sanitary protection Situations requiring testing: change in Once initially, thereafter wells and shallow measures; bacterial environmental conditions, outbreak of as situation demands tube wells with testing only if situation waterborne diseases or increase in
hand pumps demands incidence of waterborne diseases Situations requiring testing: change in Deep tube wells Once initially, thereafter O Once initially, environmental conditions, outbreak of with hand pumps as situation demands thereafter as situation waterborne diseases or increase in demands incidence of waterborne diseases Periodically for residual Situations requiring testing: change in Once initially, thereafter chlorine if water was environmental conditions, outbreak of Protected springs as situation demands contaminated and has waterborne diseases or increase in been disinfected incidence of waterborne diseases
C. Air, Water Quality and Noise Level Monitoring Data of the Project Site
ANNEX III: BIOLOGICAL DATA
A. LIST OF MAJOR PLANT, WILD AND AQUATIC LIFE REPORTED IN PROJECT AREA Species Names Species Names Local Name Scientific Name Local Name Scientific Name Trees (Natural Forests) Hade Bayer Zizyphus incurve Adhchal Antidesma bunius Kaiyo (seto) Wetlandia sp. Ank Calotropis gigantea Kande Phool Lantena camera Bains Salix Sp. Saccharum Kans Bakaino, Melia azederach spontaneum Banjh Quarcus longifolia Khareto Hypericum uralum Banji Salix sp. Khasreto Ficus hispida Bhalayo Rhus nepalensis Kurilo Asparagus racemosus Bhui amala Phyllanthus urinaria Kuro Bidens pilosa Chilaune Schima wallichii Lampate Duabanga grandiflora Jamun-(sano) Syzygium cumini Mal Bans Bambusa nutants Kaiyo Gravillea robusta Narkat Phragmites maxima Karam Adina cordifolia Drepanostachyum Negalo Kari Celtis asutralis khasianum Nephrolepsis Katus Castanopsis indica Pani Amala Kaulo Kaunia longipetiolata cordifoloa Khanyu Ficus semicordata Sajiwan Origanum vulgare Khirra Sapium insigne Seto Banmara Eupatorium odoratum Kote Salla Pinus roxburghii Simali Vitex negundo Kuro Bidens pilosa Sindure Mallotus philippensis Lahare pipal Populus deltoidis Siru Imperata cylindrica Lankuri Fraxinus floribunda Sisno Urtico dioca Choerospondia Tapre Cassia tora Lapsi axillaris Tapre Tapre Cassia tora Okhar Juglans regia Taru Bans Bambusa nutans Paiyu Prunus cecidois Titepati Artemisia vulgaris Rajbrikshya Cassia fistula Unyu Dryopteris sp. Salima Chrysopogon gryllus Wildlife Syal Phusre Grewia oppositifolia Common Presbytis entellus Tanki Bauhinia malabarica langur Common Utis Alnus Nepalensis Panthera pardus NTFP leopard Aiselu Rubus ellipticus Dumsi Hystrix indica Amala Phyllanthus emblica Squirrel Glaucomys volans Eupatorium Jackal Canis aureus Banmara (Black) adenophorum Rhesus monkey Macaca mulata Barro Terminalia bellirica Syal Canis aurehs Betlauri Costus specious Wild boar Sus scrofa Bhui amala Phyllanthus urinaria Birds Bisphej Polypodium vulgare Black kite Milvus migrans Charahare Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Cissus repens Lahara Common crane Grus grus Choya/Tama Grey tree pie Dendrocitta formosae Bambusa nepalensis Bans Grey wag tail Motacilla cinerea Gultheria Hair-crested Dhasingre Dicrurus hottentottus fragrantissima drongo Dubo Cynodon dactylon Himalayan bul Pycnonotus
Species Names Amphibians / Reptiles Local Name Scientific Name Black-spined Bufo sp. bul leucogenys toad Dendrocitta Common garden Indian tree pie Calotes versicolor vagabunda lizard Jureli (Pycononotus sp.), Criket frog Acris crepitans Kaag Corvus monedula Grass Snake Natrix natrix Kalij pheasant Lophura leucomelana Indian bull frog Rana tigrina Red jungle fawl Gallus gallus Kali paha Rana sp. Red-billed blue Urocissa Mana paha Rana sp. magpie erythrorhyncha Pahele paha Rana sp. Red-vented Pani sarpa Xenochrophis piscator Picnonotus cafer bulbul Pantherophis Rat Snake Perocrocotus Obsoletus Scarlet minivet flammeus Source: Field survey, 2016 Streptopelia Spotted dove trnquebarica
B. LIST OF COMMUNITY FORESTS
Municipality Ward No. Community forest 14 Jal Binayak Community Forest Kirtipur 13 Adhinath Community Forest Source: Field survey, 2016 C. TREE NUMBERS AND SPECIES WITHIN COMMUNITY FOREST UNDER JALBINAYAK COMMUNITY FOREST Community Average Girth Max Girth Min Girth Tree Species Nos. of Trees Forest Name DBH (m) DBH (m) DBH (m) Kainyo 36 0.50 0.57 0.28 Kamitar Salla 244 0.23 0.37 0.13 Utish 47 0.29 0.36 0.14 Block 1 Bainsh 5 0.41 0.44 0.35 Sub Total 332 Salla 763 0.35 0.42 0.15 Utish 305 0.28 0.37 0.16 Kainyo 107 0.38 0.44 0.31 Manjushree Lapsi 11 0.28 0.38 0.25
Painyu 13 0.25 0.41 0.18 Block 2 Masala 21 0.37 0.49 0.25 Others 36 Sub Total 1256 Total 1588 Source: Operation Plan of Jal Binayak Community Forest Table D: Total Trees within Project Area and Trees that need to be Cut
Nos. of Average Max Min Nos. Average Tree Trees that Girth Girth Girth Location of Height Species need to DBH DBH Trees (m) DBH (m) be cut (m) (m) Kainyo 40 40 10 0.45 0.5 0.31 ICD Area Lahare Pipal 70 70 13 0.54 0.65 0.45 (former Salla 60 60 11 0.28 0.35 0.24 Cement Dhupi 63 63 7 0.35 0.37 0.32 Factory Kapur 14 14 8 0.2 0.25 0.15 Area) Utish 15 15 9 0.28 0.34 0.2 Sub Total 262 262 Utish 50 42 7 0.28 0.35 0.21 Kainyo 24 20 9 0.32 0.48 0.25 Annex Area Lahare Pipal 40 30 10 0.54 0.65 0.45 (former Salla 30 25 10 0.29 0.35 0.25 Quarter Masala 1 1 10 0.3 0.38 0.21 Area ) Dhupi 20 15 9 0.30 0.35 0.25 Kapur 5 5 8 0.29 0.38 0.22 Sub Total 170 138 Total 432 400
Source: Field Study, 2017
Table E: Inventory of Total Trees within Project Area
(Height in m and DBH in m)
SN Tree Species Height DBH Location Status SN Tree Species Height DBH Location Status 1 Kainyo 8 0.31 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 43 Lahare Pipal 13 0.57 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 2 Kainyo 8.5 0.32 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 44 Lahare Pipal 13 0.57 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 3 Kainyo 8.5 0.35 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 45 Lahare Pipal 13 0.57 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 4 Kainyo 8.5 0.36 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 46 Lahare Pipal 13 0.57 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 5 Kainyo 9 0.36 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 47 Lahare Pipal 13 0.57 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 6 Kainyo 9 0.38 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 48 Lahare Pipal 13 0.57 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 7 Kainyo 9 0.39 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 49 Lahare Pipal 13 0.58 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 8 Kainyo 9 0.4 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 50 Lahare Pipal 13 0.58 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 9 Kainyo 9 0.43 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 51 Lahare Pipal 13 0.58 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 10 Kainyo 9.5 0.43 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 52 Lahare Pipal 13 0.6 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 11 Kainyo 9.5 0.44 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 53 Lahare Pipal 13 0.6 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 12 Kainyo 9.5 0.45 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 54 Lahare Pipal 13 0.6 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 13 Kainyo 9.5 0.45 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 55 Lahare Pipal 13 0.6 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 14 Kainyo 10 0.45 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 56 Lahare Pipal 13 0.6 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 15 Kainyo 10 0.45 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 57 Lahare Pipal 13 0.6 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 16 Kainyo 10 0.45 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 58 Lahare Pipal 13 0.6 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 17 Kainyo 10 0.45 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 59 Lahare Pipal 13 0.61 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 18 Kainyo 10 0.45 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 60 Lahare Pipal 13 0.61 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 19 Kainyo 10 0.45 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 61 Lahare Pipal 13 0.61 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 20 Kainyo 10 0.45 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 62 Lahare Pipal 13.5 0.63 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 21 Kainyo 10 0.45 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 63 Lahare Pipal 13.5 0.63 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 22 Kainyo 10 0.45 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 64 Lahare Pipal 13.5 0.64 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 23 Kainyo 10 0.45 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 65 Lahare Pipal 13.5 0.64 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 24 Kainyo 10 0.46 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 66 Lahare Pipal 14 0.64 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 25 Kainyo 10 0.47 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 67 Lahare Pipal 14 0.65 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 26 Kainyo 10 0.47 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 68 Lahare Pipal 14 0.65 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 27 Kainyo 10 0.48 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 69 Lahare Pipal 14 0.65 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 28 Kainyo 10 0.5 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 70 Lahare Pipal 14 0.65 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 29 Kainyo 10 0.5 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 1 Salla 10 0.24 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 30 Kainyo 10.3 0.5 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 2 Salla 10 0.24 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 31 Kainyo 10.3 0.5 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 3 Salla 10 0.24 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 32 Kainyo 10.3 0.5 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 4 Salla 10 0.24 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 33 Kainyo 10.5 0.5 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 5 Salla 10 0.24 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 34 Kainyo 10.5 0.5 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 6 Salla 10 0.24 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 35 Kainyo 10.5 0.5 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 7 Salla 10 0.24 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 36 Kainyo 10.5 0.5 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 8 Salla 10 0.24 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 37 Kainyo 10.5 0.5 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 9 Salla 10 0.24 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 38 Kainyo 10.5 0.5 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 10 Salla 10 0.24 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 39 Kainyo 11 0.5 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 11 Salla 10.5 0.24 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 40 Kainyo 11 0.5 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 12 Salla 10.5 0.24 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 1 Lahare Pipal 10 0.45 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 13 Salla 10.5 0.24 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 2 Lahare Pipal 10 0.45 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 14 Salla 10.5 0.24 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 3 Lahare Pipal 11 0.45 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 15 Salla 10.5 0.25 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 4 Lahare Pipal 11 0.45 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 16 Salla 10.5 0.25 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 5 Lahare Pipal 11 0.45 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 17 Salla 10.5 0.25 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 6 Lahare Pipal 11.5 0.45 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 18 Salla 10.5 0.25 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 7 Lahare Pipal 11.5 0.46 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 19 Salla 10.5 0.25 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 8 Lahare Pipal 11.5 0.46 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 20 Salla 10.5 0.25 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 9 Lahare Pipal 11.5 0.46 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 21 Salla 10.5 0.25 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 10 Lahare Pipal 12 0.46 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 22 Salla 10.5 0.25 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 11 Lahare Pipal 12 0.46 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 23 Salla 10.5 0.25 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 12 Lahare Pipal 12 0.46 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 24 Salla 10.5 0.25 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 13 Lahare Pipal 12 0.46 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 25 Salla 10.5 0.25 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 14 Lahare Pipal 12 0.47 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 26 Salla 11 0.25 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 15 Lahare Pipal 12 0.48 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 27 Salla 11 0.25 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 16 Lahare Pipal 12 0.48 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 28 Salla 11 0.28 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 17 Lahare Pipal 12.5 0.48 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 29 Salla 11 0.28 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 18 Lahare Pipal 12.5 0.48 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 30 Salla 11 0.28 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 19 Lahare Pipal 12.5 0.48 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 31 Salla 11 0.28 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 20 Lahare Pipal 12.5 0.48 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 32 Salla 11 0.3 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 21 Lahare Pipal 12.5 0.49 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 33 Salla 11 0.3 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 22 Lahare Pipal 12.5 0.5 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 34 Salla 11 0.3 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 23 Lahare Pipal 12.5 0.5 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 35 Salla 11 0.3 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 24 Lahare Pipal 13 0.5 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 36 Salla 11 0.3 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 25 Lahare Pipal 13 0.5 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 37 Salla 11 0.3 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 26 Lahare Pipal 13 0.5 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 38 Salla 11 0.3 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 27 Lahare Pipal 13 0.5 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 39 Salla 11 0.3 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 28 Lahare Pipal 13 0.5 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 40 Salla 11 0.3 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 29 Lahare Pipal 13 0.5 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 41 Salla 11 0.3 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 30 Lahare Pipal 13 0.5 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 42 Salla 11 0.3 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 31 Lahare Pipal 13 0.51 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 43 Salla 11 0.3 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 32 Lahare Pipal 13 0.51 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 44 Salla 11 0.32 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 33 Lahare Pipal 13 0.52 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 45 Salla 11 0.32 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 34 Lahare Pipal 13 0.52 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 46 Salla 11.5 0.32 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 35 Lahare Pipal 13 0.52 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 47 Salla 11.5 0.32 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 36 Lahare Pipal 13 0.52 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 48 Salla 11.5 0.32 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 37 Lahare Pipal 13 0.52 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 49 Salla 11.5 0.32 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 38 Lahare Pipal 13 0.52 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 50 Salla 11.5 0.32 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 39 Lahare Pipal 13 0.52 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 51 Salla 11.5 0.32 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 40 Lahare Pipal 13 0.55 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 52 Salla 11.5 0.35 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 41 Lahare Pipal 13 0.55 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 53 Salla 11.5 0.35 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 42 Lahare Pipal 13 0.55 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 54 Salla 11.5 0.35 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut
SN Tree Species Height DBH Location Status SN Tree Species Height DBH Location Status 55 Salla 11.5 0.35 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 14 Kapur 9 0.25 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 56 Salla 12 0.35 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 1 Utish 8 0.2 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 57 Salla 12 0.35 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 2 Utish 8 0.22 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 58 Salla 12 0.35 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 3 Utish 8 0.22 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 59 Salla 12 0.35 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 4 Utish 8 0.22 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 60 Salla 12 0.35 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 5 Utish 8 0.25 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 1 Dhupi 6 0.32 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 6 Utish 8.5 0.25 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 2 Dhupi 6 0.32 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 7 Utish 8.5 0.3 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 3 Dhupi 6 0.33 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 8 Utish 8.5 0.3 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 4 Dhupi 6 0.33 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 9 Utish 9 0.3 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 5 Dhupi 6 0.32 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 10 Utish 9 0.33 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 6 Dhupi 6 0.34 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 11 Utish 9 0.33 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 7 Dhupi 6 0.34 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 12 Utish 9 0.33 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 8 Dhupi 6 0.34 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 13 Utish 9 0.33 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 9 Dhupi 6 0.34 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 14 Utish 9 0.33 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 10 Dhupi 6 0.34 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 15 Utish 9 0.34 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 11 Dhupi 6 0.34 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 1 Utish 6 0.21 Annex Area To be Cut 12 Dhupi 6 0.34 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 2 Utish 6 0.25 Annex Area To be Cut 13 Dhupi 6 0.34 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 3 Utish 6 0.25 Annex Area To be Cut 14 Dhupi 6.5 0.34 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 4 Utish 6 0.25 Annex Area To be Cut 15 Dhupi 6.5 0.34 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 5 Utish 6 0.25 Annex Area To be Cut 16 Dhupi 6.5 0.34 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 6 Utish 6 0.25 Annex Area 17 Dhupi 6.5 0.34 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 7 Utish 6 0.25 Annex Area To be Cut 18 Dhupi 6.5 0.35 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 8 Utish 6 0.25 Annex Area To be Cut 19 Dhupi 6.5 0.35 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 9 Utish 6 0.25 Annex Area To be Cut 20 Dhupi 6.5 0.35 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 10 Utish 6 0.25 Annex Area To be Cut 21 Dhupi 6.5 0.35 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 11 Utish 6.5 0.25 Annex Area To be Cut 22 Dhupi 6.5 0.35 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 12 Utish 6.5 0.25 Annex Area To be Cut 23 Dhupi 6.5 0.35 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 13 Utish 6.5 0.26 Annex Area To be Cut 24 Dhupi 6.5 0.35 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 14 Utish 6.5 0.26 Annex Area To be Cut 25 Dhupi 6.5 0.35 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 15 Utish 6.5 0.26 Annex Area To be Cut 26 Dhupi 6.5 0.35 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 16 Utish 6.5 0.26 Annex Area To be Cut 27 Dhupi 6.5 0.35 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 17 Utish 7 0.26 Annex Area To be Cut 28 Dhupi 6.5 0.35 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 18 Utish 7 0.26 Annex Area To be Cut 29 Dhupi 6.5 0.35 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 19 Utish 7 0.26 Annex Area To be Cut 30 Dhupi 6.5 0.35 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 20 Utish 7 0.26 Annex Area To be Cut 31 Dhupi 6.5 0.35 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 21 Utish 7 0.26 Annex Area To be Cut 32 Dhupi 6.5 0.35 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 22 Utish 7 0.26 Annex Area 33 Dhupi 7 0.35 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 23 Utish 7 0.26 Annex Area To be Cut 34 Dhupi 7 0.35 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 24 Utish 7 0.26 Annex Area 35 Dhupi 7 0.35 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 25 Utish 7 0.29 Annex Area 36 Dhupi 7 0.36 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 26 Utish 7 0.29 Annex Area To be Cut 37 Dhupi 7 0.36 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 27 Utish 7 0.29 Annex Area To be Cut 38 Dhupi 7 0.36 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 28 Utish 7 0.29 Annex Area To be Cut 39 Dhupi 7 0.36 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 29 Utish 7.5 0.29 Annex Area To be Cut 40 Dhupi 7 0.36 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 30 Utish 7.5 0.29 Annex Area To be Cut 41 Dhupi 7 0.36 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 31 Utish 7.5 0.29 Annex Area To be Cut 42 Dhupi 7 0.36 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 32 Utish 7.5 0.29 Annex Area To be Cut 43 Dhupi 7 0.36 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 33 Utish 7.5 0.29 Annex Area To be Cut 44 Dhupi 7 0.36 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 34 Utish 7.5 0.29 Annex Area To be Cut 45 Dhupi 7.5 0.36 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 35 Utish 7.5 0.29 Annex Area To be Cut 46 Dhupi 7.5 0.36 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 36 Utish 7.5 0.29 Annex Area To be Cut 47 Dhupi 7.5 0.36 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 37 Utish 7.5 0.29 Annex Area To be Cut 48 Dhupi 7.5 0.36 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 38 Utish 7.5 0.3 Annex Area To be Cut 49 Dhupi 7.5 0.36 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 39 Utish 7.5 0.3 Annex Area To be Cut 50 Dhupi 7.5 0.36 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 40 Utish 8 0.3 Annex Area To be Cut 51 Dhupi 7.5 0.37 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 41 Utish 8 0.3 Annex Area To be Cut 52 Dhupi 7.5 0.37 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 42 Utish 8 0.3 Annex Area To be Cut 53 Dhupi 7.5 0.37 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 43 Utish 8 0.3 Annex Area To be Cut 54 Dhupi 7.5 0.37 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 44 Utish 8 0.3 Annex Area 55 Dhupi 7.5 0.37 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 45 Utish 8 0.3 Annex Area 56 Dhupi 7.5 0.37 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 46 Utish 8 0.3 Annex Area 57 Dhupi 7.5 0.37 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 47 Utish 8 0.3 Annex Area 58 Dhupi 7.5 0.37 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 48 Utish 8 0.3 Annex Area To be Cut 59 Dhupi 7.5 0.37 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 49 Utish 8 0.3 Annex Area To be Cut 60 Dhupi 7.5 0.37 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 50 Utish 8 0.35 Annex Area To be Cut 61 Dhupi 7.5 0.37 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 1 Kainyo 7.5 0.25 Annex Area To be Cut 62 Dhupi 7.5 0.37 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 2 Kainyo 8 0.25 Annex Area To be Cut 63 Dhupi 7.5 0.37 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 3 Kainyo 8.5 0.25 Annex Area To be Cut 1 Kapur 8 0.15 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 4 Kainyo 8.5 0.25 Annex Area To be Cut 2 Kapur 8 0.15 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 5 Kainyo 8.5 0.25 Annex Area 3 Kapur 8 0.15 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 6 Kainyo 8.5 0.28 Annex Area 4 Kapur 8 0.16 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 7 Kainyo 8.5 0.28 Annex Area To be Cut 5 Kapur 8 0.17 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 8 Kainyo 9 0.28 Annex Area To be Cut 6 Kapur 8 0.18 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 9 Kainyo 9 0.29 Annex Area To be Cut 7 Kapur 8 0.2 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 10 Kainyo 9 0.29 Annex Area To be Cut 8 Kapur 8.5 0.2 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 11 Kainyo 9 0.29 Annex Area To be Cut 9 Kapur 9 0.21 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 12 Kainyo 9 0.3 Annex Area To be Cut 10 Kapur 9 0.21 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 13 Kainyo 9 0.3 Annex Area To be Cut 11 Kapur 9 0.22 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 14 Kainyo 9 0.3 Annex Area To be Cut 12 Kapur 9 0.23 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 15 Kainyo 9 0.3 Annex Area 13 Kapur 9 0.25 Former Cement Factory Area To be Cut 16 Kainyo 9 0.3 Annex Area
SN Tree Species Height DBH Location Status SN Tree Species Height DBH Location Status 17 Kainyo 9.5 0.35 Annex Area To be Cut 5 Salla 9 0.25 Annex Area To be Cut 18 Kainyo 9.5 0.35 Annex Area To be Cut 6 Salla 9 0.25 Annex Area To be Cut 19 Kainyo 9.5 0.35 Annex Area To be Cut 7 Salla 9 0.25 Annex Area To be Cut 20 Kainyo 9.5 0.35 Annex Area To be Cut 8 Salla 9 0.28 Annex Area To be Cut 21 Kainyo 9.5 0.4 Annex Area To be Cut 9 Salla 10 0.28 Annex Area To be Cut 22 Kainyo 9.5 0.4 Annex Area To be Cut 10 Salla 10 0.28 Annex Area To be Cut 23 Kainyo 9.5 0.48 Annex Area To be Cut 11 Salla 10 0.28 Annex Area 24 Kainyo 9.5 0.48 Annex Area To be Cut 12 Salla 10 0.28 Annex Area 1 Lahare Pipal 8.5 0.45 Annex Area To be Cut 13 Salla 10 0.3 Annex Area To be Cut 2 Lahare Pipal 8.5 0.45 Annex Area To be Cut 14 Salla 10 0.3 Annex Area To be Cut 3 Lahare Pipal 8.5 0.45 Annex Area To be Cut 15 Salla 10 0.3 Annex Area To be Cut 4 Lahare Pipal 9 0.45 Annex Area To be Cut 16 Salla 10 0.3 Annex Area To be Cut 5 Lahare Pipal 9 0.45 Annex Area 17 Salla 10.5 0.3 Annex Area To be Cut 6 Lahare Pipal 9 0.45 Annex Area 18 Salla 10.5 0.3 Annex Area To be Cut 7 Lahare Pipal 9 0.45 Annex Area 19 Salla 10.5 0.3 Annex Area To be Cut 8 Lahare Pipal 9 0.45 Annex Area To be Cut 20 Salla 10.5 0.3 Annex Area To be Cut 9 Lahare Pipal 9 0.45 Annex Area To be Cut 21 Salla 11 0.3 Annex Area To be Cut 10 Lahare Pipal 9.5 0.5 Annex Area To be Cut 22 Salla 11 0.3 Annex Area To be Cut 11 Lahare Pipal 9.5 0.5 Annex Area To be Cut 23 Salla 11 0.3 Annex Area To be Cut 12 Lahare Pipal 9.5 0.5 Annex Area To be Cut 24 Salla 11 0.3 Annex Area To be Cut 13 Lahare Pipal 9.5 0.5 Annex Area To be Cut 25 Salla 11 0.3 Annex Area 14 Lahare Pipal 9.5 0.5 Annex Area To be Cut 26 Salla 11 0.35 Annex Area To be Cut 15 Lahare Pipal 9.5 0.5 Annex Area To be Cut 27 Salla 11 0.35 Annex Area To be Cut 16 Lahare Pipal 9.5 0.5 Annex Area To be Cut 28 Salla 11 0.35 Annex Area To be Cut 17 Lahare Pipal 9.5 0.5 Annex Area To be Cut 29 Salla 11 0.35 Annex Area To be Cut 18 Lahare Pipal 9.5 0.5 Annex Area 30 Salla 11 0.35 Annex Area To be Cut 19 Lahare Pipal 9.5 0.5 Annex Area 1 Masala 10 0.3 Annex Area To be Cut 20 Lahare Pipal 9.5 0.5 Annex Area 1 Dhupi 8.5 0.25 Annex Area To be Cut 21 Lahare Pipal 9.5 0.5 Annex Area To be Cut 2 Dhupi 8.5 0.25 Annex Area To be Cut 22 Lahare Pipal 10 0.6 Annex Area To be Cut 3 Dhupi 8.5 0.25 Annex Area To be Cut 23 Lahare Pipal 10 0.6 Annex Area To be Cut 4 Dhupi 8.5 0.25 Annex Area 24 Lahare Pipal 10 0.6 Annex Area To be Cut 5 Dhupi 8.5 0.25 Annex Area 25 Lahare Pipal 10 0.6 Annex Area To be Cut 6 Dhupi 8.5 0.25 Annex Area To be Cut 26 Lahare Pipal 10 0.6 Annex Area To be Cut 7 Dhupi 9 0.3 Annex Area To be Cut 27 Lahare Pipal 10 0.6 Annex Area 8 Dhupi 9 0.3 Annex Area To be Cut 28 Lahare Pipal 10 0.6 Annex Area 9 Dhupi 9 0.3 Annex Area To be Cut 29 Lahare Pipal 10 0.6 Annex Area To be Cut 10 Dhupi 9 0.3 Annex Area 30 Lahare Pipal 10 0.62 Annex Area To be Cut 11 Dhupi 9 0.3 Annex Area 31 Lahare Pipal 10 0.62 Annex Area To be Cut 12 Dhupi 10 0.3 Annex Area To be Cut 32 Lahare Pipal 10 0.62 Annex Area To be Cut 13 Dhupi 10 0.3 Annex Area To be Cut 33 Lahare Pipal 10 0.62 Annex Area To be Cut 14 Dhupi 10 0.35 Annex Area To be Cut 34 Lahare Pipal 10 0.65 Annex Area To be Cut 15 Dhupi 10 0.35 Annex Area 35 Lahare Pipal 10 0.65 Annex Area 16 Dhupi 10 0.35 Annex Area To be Cut 36 Lahare Pipal 10.5 0.65 Annex Area To be Cut 17 Dhupi 10 0.35 Annex Area To be Cut 37 Lahare Pipal 10.5 0.65 Annex Area To be Cut 18 Dhupi 10.5 0.35 Annex Area To be Cut 38 Lahare Pipal 10.5 0.65 Annex Area 19 Dhupi 10.5 0.35 Annex Area To be Cut 39 Lahare Pipal 10.5 0.65 Annex Area To be Cut 20 Dhupi 10.5 0.35 Annex Area To be Cut 40 Lahare Pipal 10.5 0.65 Annex Area To be Cut 1 Kapur 7 0.22 Annex Area To be Cut 1 Salla 9 0.25 Annex Area 2 Kapur 7 0.25 Annex Area To be Cut 2 Salla 9 0.25 Annex Area 3 Kapur 8 0.3 Annex Area To be Cut 3 Salla 9 0.25 Annex Area To be Cut 4 Kapur 8.5 0.32 Annex Area To be Cut 4 Salla 9 0.25 Annex Area To be Cut 5 Kapur 9 0.38 Annex Area To be Cut
ANNEX-IV: SOCIAL DATA
Demographic Characteristics of Kirtipur Municipality, 2011 A. Populationof Kirtipur Municipality, 2011
Ward No. HH Total Male Female HH size Literacy % 1 1,915 6,708 3,674 3,034 3.5 78.5 2 1,863 6,728 3,610 3,118 3.6 77.5 3 2,502 7,343 4,352 2,991 2.9 75.5 4 690 2,396 1,324 1,072 3.5 78.3 5 985 3,439 1,901 1,538 3.5 76.5 6 429 1,681 837 844 3.9 72.6 7 700 2,877 1,453 1,424 4.1 73.5 8 504 2,296 1,133 1,163 4.6 75.5 9 771 2,272 1,339 933 2.9 76.4 10 588 1,934 1,108 826 3.3 76.8 11 1,148 3,681 2,140 1,541 3.2 72.5 12 879 3,077 1,681 1,396 3.5 76.0 13 360 1,386 675 711 3.9 77.5 14 468 2,129 1,047 1,082 4.5 78.5 Project Area 15 850 3,767 1,864 1,903 4.4 78.3 16 792 2,510 1,429 1,081 3.2 78.3 17 2053 5732 3482 2250 2.8 77.6 18 1722 4661 2934 1727 2.7 76.3 19 222 985 493 492 4.4 74.2 Total 19441 65602 36476 29126 3.6 (2011 Census) Total 9487 40835 21686 19149 4.3 (2001 Census) % Increase 105% 61%
Source: Central Bureau of Statics (CBS), 2011 B. Language Spokenof Kirtipur Municipality, 2011
Mother Tongue Total Male Female Nepali 34,900 20,128 14,772 Maithili 1,432 1,149 283 Bhojpuri 354 243 111 Tharu 473 349 124 Tamang 2,497 1,338 1,159 Newar 23,065 11,378 11,687 Magar 641 355 286 Avadhi 60 55 5 Bantawa 40 17 23 Gurung 280 142 138 Limbu 212 139 73 Bajjika 40 33 7 Urdu 39 31 8 Rajbanshi 16 10 6 Sherpa 46 31 15 Hindi 94 60 34
Mother Tongue Total Male Female Chamling 43 31 12 Chepang 15 8 7 Sunuwar 11 7 4 Thami 12 5 7 Sampang 21 11 10 Kumal 12 8 4 English 131 95 36 Rai 324 174 150 Khash 19 14 5 Achhami 15 14 1 Doteli 554 475 79 Baitadeli 20 18 2 Bajhangi 29 25 4 Others 187 124 63 Not Reported 20 9 11 Source: Central Bureau of Statics (CBS), 2011 C. Casteof Kirtipur Municipality, 2011 Caste Total Male Female 65,602 36,476 29,126 Chhetree 13,370 7,433 5,937 Brahman - Hill 15,883 9,945 5,938 Magar 1,936 1,030 906 Tharu 644 458 186 Tamang 3,419 1,811 1,608 Newar 24,441 12,087 12,354 Musalman 192 152 40 Kami 367 201 166 Yadav 447 381 66 Rai 828 447 381 Gurung 496 265 231 Damai/Dholi 239 121 118 Limbu 320 196 124 Thakuri 561 375 186 Sarki 231 119 112 Teli 124 98 26 Chamar/Harijan/Ram 17 14 3 Koiri/Kushwaha 112 85 27 Kurmi 46 40 6 Sanyasi/Dashnami 123 72 51 Dhanuk 73 65 8 Sherpa 63 33 30 Sonar 11 9 2 Brahman - Tarai 74 51 23 Kathbaniyan 34 20 14 Gharti/Bhujel 113 59 54 Kalwar 41 29 12 Kumal 37 22 15 Hajam/Thakur 84 62 22 Kanu 17 10 7 Rajbansi 28 17 11 Sunuwar 26 16 10
Caste Total Male Female Sudhi 35 30 5 Lohar 14 13 1 Majhi 99 58 41 Kumhar 17 14 3 Danuwar 27 16 11 Chepang/Praja 49 27 22 Haluwai 48 31 17 Rajput 22 17 5 Kayastha 47 34 13 Marwadi 23 10 13 Thami 14 7 7 Bhote 25 8 17 Thakali 40 21 19 Mali 15 9 6 Gaine 36 21 15 Badi 22 14 8 Ghale 13 6 7 Chamling 21 13 8 Others 191 131 60 Dalit Others 263 143 120 Terai Others 167 121 46 Foreigner 17 9 8 Source: Central Bureau of Statics (CBS), 2011 D. Education Statusof Kirtipur Municipality, 2011
Non- Lower Inter Post Prima Secon SLC Gradu forma Level Begin secon media graduate Total ry dary & ate & Others l not ner dary te & equiv. & (1-5) (9 -10) equiv. equiv. educat stated (6 -8) equiv. above ion
54,00 1,110 8,507 6,278 5,375 6,850 8,962 9,597 4,422 38 2,738 123 0 Source: Central Bureau of Statics (CBS), 2011
E Population 10 years of age and over by economic activity, sex and 5 years age groups in Kirtipur Municipality
Economic Activity Performed Total Economically Active Population Not Economically Economic Activity age group Usually Active Not Usually 10 Yrs. and Active Not Stated above Employed Unemployed Active Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female All Ages 57,997 14,661 7,136 452 139 755 1,129 16,320 17,012 198 195 10 - 14 Years 4,726 43 25 0 0 0 0 2,364 2,183 61 50 15 - 19 Years 6,932 390 144 49 8 49 24 3,514 2,713 24 16 20 - 24 Years 10,854 1,262 762 100 56 276 183 4,905 3,270 33 8 25 - 29 Years 9,865 2,547 1,359 143 34 295 186 3,184 2,076 8 34 30 - 34 Years 5,955 2,568 1,240 65 26 49 103 569 1,318 8 9 35 - 39 Years 4,468 1,968 1,204 55 8 0 93 198 909 16 17 40 - 44 Years 3,827 1,854 704 40 8 32 102 80 985 16 8 45 - 49 Years 2,762 1,361 583 0 0 9 89 80 620 0 22 50 - 54 Years 2,261 1,102 367 0 0 7 83 44 651 7 0 55 - 59 Years 1,749 688 313 0 0 16 127 174 423 0 8 60 - 64 Years 1,457 428 191 0 0 7 61 280 490 0 0 65 - 69 Years 1,134 261 155 0 0 16 58 230 397 8 10 70 - 74 Years 828 105 69 0 0 0 14 276 358 0 7 75+ Years 1,179 83 21 0 0 0 7 423 621 17 7 Source: Central Bureau of Statics (CBS), 2011
F. Usually active population 10 years of age and over by major industry, sex and age groupsin Kirtipur Municipality All Under 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75 + Major Industry ages 14 years years years years years years years years years years years years years years Total 21845 68 551 2032 3922 3817 3172 2558 1943 1469 1001 619 416 173 104 Agriculture, forestry and fishing 2742 17 24 177 347 228 321 314 237 271 313 182 162 93 56 Mining and quarrying 114 0 16 17 8 17 8 16 16 0 0 8 0 0 8 Manufacturing 2628 9 89 213 451 475 517 348 199 139 96 29 49 15 0 Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning 87 0 0 0 24 24 0 8 9 15 8 0 0 0 0 supply Water supply; sewerage, waste mgmt. & 96 0 0 8 16 16 32 8 0 0 8 7 0 0 0 remediation activities Construction 1588 0 73 150 192 206 151 191 174 182 103 111 40 7 8 Wholesale and retail trade;repair of vehicles & 3254 8 16 287 494 686 532 403 309 187 104 134 57 29 8 motorcycles Transportation and storage 1279 9 122 208 207 244 167 175 88 36 8 15 0 0 0 Accommodation and food service activities 660 9 24 82 97 115 129 56 81 44 16 7 0 0 0 Information and communication 386 0 8 41 121 65 55 40 27 15 0 7 8 0 0 Financial and insurance activities 693 0 0 80 220 168 105 47 41 7 8 15 0 0 0 Real estate activities 57 0 0 0 16 0 16 0 9 7 8 0 0 0 0 Professional, scientific and technical activities 201 0 8 33 40 17 32 16 18 22 8 7 0 0 0 Administrative and support service activities 475 0 8 57 56 98 144 64 34 7 0 7 0 0 0 Public admn. and defence; compulsory social 1505 0 16 58 235 197 202 262 243 156 88 8 24 0 17 security Education 2758 0 8 213 721 639 354 277 242 170 103 22 8 0 0 Human health and social work activities 547 0 0 89 123 117 74 47 41 30 8 0 18 0 0 Arts, entertainment and recreation 66 0 0 8 16 0 8 8 9 0 16 0 0 0 0 Other service activities 836 0 8 122 234 148 83 88 77 31 24 15 8 0 0 Activities of households as employers 554 8 56 57 91 108 56 32 16 48 32 0 27 22 0 Activities of extraterritorial org. and bodies 41 0 0 0 0 17 16 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Not Stated 1276 9 73 132 211 230 170 151 74 104 49 45 16 7 7 Source: Central Bureau of Statics (CBS), 2011
G. Usually active population aged 10 years and over by major occupation, employment status and sex
Status of employment Unpaid Occupation Total Own account Employer Employee family Not stated holder worker Total 21845 973 13323 6770 157 622 Armed Forces 89 16 57 8 0 8 Managers 1117 206 697 175 8 30 Professionals 3104 134 2549 339 24 58 Technicians and 2021 112 1650 179 16 64 associate Prof. Office assistance 1236 56 1098 41 17 24 Service & sale workers 3696 129 1041 2404 25 97 Skilled agri.,forestry & 2533 47 137 2253 17 79 fishery workers Craft and related 4094 217 2989 769 24 96 trades workers Plant & machine operators & 1406 16 1111 263 8 8 assemblers Elementary 1531 0 1280 211 17 23 Occupations Not Stated 1018 40 715 129 0 134 Source: Central Bureau of Statics (CBS), 2011
H. Name of Monument in Ward No. 14 of Kirtipur Municipality
Name of Monument Type of Monument Co Baha Complex with Adinath Temple Temple Char VinayakDewal, KrishanaDewal, Shiva Linga, Pati Temple Krishna Temple Temple Tri RatnaDewal, Manjushree Dewal, Radha Krishna Dewal Temple Brahma Dewal, Shiva Linga, Basaha Platform Temple Jal Binayak Temple Temple Buddha Dewal, Marble Chaitya Temple &Chaitya Group of Chaitya and Mandala Chaitya Chaitya Chaitya Chaitya Chaitya Chaitya and ChoyaFalcha Chaitya&Pati Northern Gate Gate Gate Gate South Gate Gate AganChhen House Dyo Pala Chhen House Sattal House DeguDyo Image Balkumari Pith Image Laxmi Narayan Dewal, Buddha Dewal and Tulsi Math Moth PingaDyo, Pati, Stone Plateform Open Shrine GwaNanipati Pati Chaitya, Pati, Dewal Pati&Chaitya Pati, Bathing Platform, LichhaviChaitya, Small Niche Pati, Platform, Chaitya Maulo (Sacrifice Pole) Pole Shiva Linga and Toran Shiva Linga&Toran Source: Kirtipur Municipality Profile, 2011
I. Present Land Market Price for Bhutkhel Area, Kirtipur
Type of land Rs. per Anna (31.8 m2) Bari (upland) 400,000 Ghaderi (homestead land on the road side) 500,000 Ghaderi (away from the main road) 400,000 Blacked Topped Road Side (motorable) 1,000,000 Gravel Road Side (motorable) 500,000 Track side (non motorable) 400,000 Land without access 300,000 Source: Field Survey, 2016
J. Estimation of Construction Costs for Different Types of House for Bhutkhel Area, Kirtipur
Residential Ground Unit + 1 Floor + 2 Floors + 3 Floors + 4 Floors Buildings Type Floor Only Area sq.m. 40 40
NRs. per Traditional Houses Rate 2,600 2,000 sq.m. Amount NRs. 104,000 80,000
Area sq.m. 40 40 40
Stone with mud NRs. per Rate 13,100 10,400 11,200 mortar sq.m. Amount NRs. 524,000 416,000 448,000
Area sq.m. 40 40 40
Stone with cement NRs. per Rate 19,600 15,700 17,200 mortar sq.m. Amount NRs. 784,000 628,000 688,000
Area sq.m. 60 60 60
Brick with mud NRs. per Rate 15,700 11,700 12,900 mortar sq.m. Amount NRs. 942,000 702,000 774,000
Area sq.m. 60 60 60
Brick with cement NRs. per Rate 22,200 17,000 18,700 mortar sq.m. Amount NRs. 1,332,000 1,020,000 1,122,000
Area sq.m. 60 60 60 60 60 RC frame, NRs. per Rate 32,600 28,700 30,100 31,600 33,300 engineered sq.m. Amount NRs. 1,956,000 1,722,000 1,806,000 1,896,000 1,998,000 Source: Field Survey, 2016
Table– K: Name of Earthquake Victim Residing at Residential Quarter Area HH. Name Relation with Family/ Occupation Family No. (Head of Family) Member 1 Nani Maiya Maharjan Son:Mahendra Maharjan (Driving) 7 (Housewife) Son:Rabindra Maharjan Foreign employment) 2 Narendra Maharjan Self (Driving) 3 3 Pawan Maharjan Self (Electrical supervisor) 3 4 Devendra Maharjan Self (Driving) 4 5 Ramkaji Maharjan Self (Driving) 4 6 Nanimaiju Maharjan Son:Nanikaji Maharjan (Foreign employment) 4 7 Bulmaya Maharjan Son:Rajesh Maharjan (Foreign employment) 9 (Housewife) Son: Rajan Maharjan (Cable Network) 8 Purna Bd. Maharjan Self: Technician 4 Supervisor (IMTC) 9 Chandra Maharjan Son: Binay Maharjan (Shop Business) 3 10 BirendraMaharjan Self (Driving) 4 11 Hari Maharjan Self (Driving) 4 12 Laxman Bd. Maharjan Self (Driving) 3 13 Indra Bd. Maharjan Self: JBCFUG (Chairman), 4 Son: Maharjan(Teacher) Son: Maharjan (Private service 14 Nyuchay LalMaharjan Self: Labour 2 15 Nani Thanku Maharjan Son: Bivash Maharjan (Electrician) 4 16 Jitendra Maharjan Self (Driving) 5 Total 16 Family 67 Source: Field Survey, 2017
ANNEX-V: Public Consultation During EIA stage
Meeting 1
Date: 31thMarch 2016 Time: 10:30 am – 12 pm Venue: Jal Binayak Community Forest Office Premises, Chovar Raised issues in Consultation Issues were raised by the stakeholders in the consultation are:
Issues Raised Response i) To return the acquired land acquired To be decided by the Government, by former Himal Cement to the as per prevailing rules project affected people due to end of the pre-project objectives ii) Due negotiation that had made To be decided by the Government between then the former Himal Cement and workers about compensation against health hazards caused by pollution should also be implemented iii) Assurance to share benefit of the Will be discussed with NITDB project to local community. iv) Compensation of the missing lands To be decided by the Government, parcels if any, should be provided to as per prevailing rules the affected land owners v) Control noise and air pollution that Will be included in the EIA creates by the project should be Report’s safeguard and mitigation assured. measures
The general issues can be solve with mutual understanding between concerns stakeholders and the Client on the basis of rules and development practice of Nepal but the specific issues are seemed as strategic nature that prolongs and delay to establish ICD over there. List of Participants :
Main Nat Local Local SN Name Address Occupation / Other Female Govt. Govt. Consultant Institution 1 Bal Krishana Maharjan Kritupur-6 Ward secretary √ 2 Sujindra Maharjan Kritupur-6 KMC √ Kritupur-6 President, Jal Binayak 3 Indra Bdr Maharjan √ Community Forest 4 Deepak Maharjan Kritupur-6 Sociologist √ 5 Shayam Maharjan Kritupur-6 √ 6 Pralhad Mahat Kritupur-6 Self Employed √ 7 Kumar Silwal Kritupur-6 √ 8 Shakti Sharan Thapa Kritupur-6 - √ 9 Shreenath Rijal Kritupur-6 Social Worker √ 10 Rakesh Shakya Kritupur-6 - √ 11 Urmila Shiwal Kritupur-6 Self Employed √ 12 Sangeeta Begati Kritupur-6 Housewife √
Main Nat Local Local SN Name Address Occupation / Other Female Govt. Govt. Consultant Institution 13 Dinesh Maharjan Kritupur-6 Self Employed √ 14 Kalpana Thapamagar Kritupur-6 Social worker √ 15 Shirjana Bisunkhe Kritupur-6 Agriculture √ Women √ 16 Mina Maharjan Kritupur-6 Network 17 Sangeeta Maharjan Kritupur-6 Agriculture √ 18 Harati Maharjan Kritupur-14 Farmer √ Sociologist/ 19 Devi Prasad Dotel KTM √ Consultant Engineer/NITD 20 Parmod Acharya KTM √ B KTM Technical 21 Chandra Subedi √ Assistant KTM Engineer/NITD √ 22 Hari Krishana Mishra B Hemandra Mohan KTM Director/NITD √ 23 Shahi B KTM Sociologist/NIT √ 24 Kamal Gyawali DB Manjul Coordinator 25 KTM √ KrishnaManandhar /Full Bright 26 Pradeep Maharjan Kritupur-14 Self Employed √ 27 Sudeep Maharjan Kritupur-14 - √ 28 Hari Prd Bhattari KTM Sociologist/WB √ Surendra Govinda Technical √ 29 Lalitpur Joshi Consultant/WB 30 Shayam Bdr Thapa Kritupur-14 Self Employed √ 31 Milan Khadka Kritupur-14 - √ Environmentali 32 Arun Acharya KTM √ st /Full Bright
Informal Consultations
S.N. Name Designation Institution Remarks 1 Uddhab Prasad Rijal Executive Officer Kirtipur Municipality 2 Sujindra Maharjan Section Officer Kirtipur Municipality
1. Briefly discuss about the ICD project and necessity of the comment and suggestion letter from the Municipality to forward scoping document in the Ministry of Environment and Population (MoEP).
S.N. Name Designation Institution Remarks 1 Suman Karki Executive Officer Kirtipur Municipality
2 Sujindra Maharjan Section Officer Kirtipur Municipality
1. Revisited time to time for receiving the comment and suggestion letter from the Municipality authority. 2. The Authority of the Municipality has given words to put this agenda in all-party meeting. A recommendation letter has been received, dated Magh 25, 2074 BS. (08 Feb, 2018) and is attached herewith.
Meeting 2
Date: 22th April 2017 Time: 12 to 2 pm Venue: Jal Binayak Community Forest Office Premises, Chovar Consultation i) The Consultant informed the general public about the Topographic Survey being conducted by the Consultant and the Project’s objectives for developing the site into an ICD complex ii) The locals agreed on the conduction of Topographic Survey in Chovar List of Participants :
S.N. Name Organization/Designation Phone No. 1 Indra Bahadur Maharjan JBCFUG, Chairman 9851151876 2 Deepak Maharjan JBCFUG, Vice-Chairman 9841286156 3 Arun Acharya FBC, EMU 9841235404 4 Jeetendra Kumar Gurung FBC, Team Leader 9841617586 5 Jagadish Regmi DFO, AFO 9841334535 6 Devi Prasad Dotel FBC, SSE 9841348356 7 Chandra Subedi NITDB 9851115922 8 Gyanendra Maharjan Social Worker 9741200079 9 Taremam Maharjan Social Worker 9851064251 10 Anish Shreshtha Local 9841324663 11 Sanu kaji Maharjan JBCFUG 9841345343 12 Shyam Maharjan JBCFUG 9851100611 13 Badri Bahadur Basnet - 01-4333548 14 Nawaraj Thapa Aadinath 9803666504 15 Shyam Bahadur Thapa JBCFUG 01-4335868 16 Umesh Maharjan Kamitar 9849837323 17 Jagat Bahadur - - 18 Kanhaiya Kunwar JBPA, Treasurer 9851077838
Meeting 3
Date: 24 July, 2017 A.D (09/04/2074 B.S) Time: 3:00 pm Venue: Kirtipur Hillside Hotel and Resort Project: Inland Clearance Depot (ICD), Kathmandu
During consultation different types of comments and suggestion were raised. During consultation Team Leader of Full Bright Consultancy presented the project detail of Kathmandu ICD and Environment Specialist explain the procedure of EIA study. Following Comments and Suggestion were made by Municipality Members:
Issues Response 1. Deputy Mayor and Chairperson of Ward no. Noted. Government has decided to develop 6 had planned to develop the proposed ICD the area into ICD complex, due to area as tourist spot as an alternative plan. national need 2. Deputy Mayor in the consultation had raised Traffic management system in the master the traffic management issue during the plan was shared and discussed. Road construction and operational phase of the widening and different route for the project, ICD project vehicles was also discussed 3. All the person present in the consultation have positive response about the ICD project. 4. They all are aware about the environment and socio-economic issues related about the ICD project. 5. Pollution like air, noise, water and Discussed that EIA will handle such compensations about the land issues is raised. safeguard issues 6. More emphasis should be given to the local Discussed that EIA will handle issue and people for the employment during and after make recommendations to NITDB. the project of ICD. 7. Impact and mitigation measures in the environment were discussed in the consultation. 8. Mayor requested to provide some land for the Recommendations will be made to construction of hospital for the community of NITDB. the Kirtipur Municipality. 9. Issue of 16 household families member Requested to coordinate and support to (earthquake affected) to vacant land of ICD vacant the land before construction before the start of the project. 10. Ward Chairman-6 raised the land issue To be decided by the Government, as per in Former Himal Cement Factory area and prevailing rules they are claiming that some portion of the private land are in the area of Himal Cement Factory and also claiming for that land compensation.
List of Participants :
S.N Name Designation Organization 1 Ramesh Maharjan Mayor Kirtipur Municipality
2 SaraswotiKhadka Deputy Mayor Kirtipur Municipality 3 Rajkumar Mali Ward Chairman-7 Kirtipur Municipality 4 NhuchheBdrMaharjan Ward Chairman-6 Kirtipur Municipality 5 Sunil Dangol Ward member-06,chovar Kirtipur Municipality 6 BirendraManandhar Driver Kirtipur Municipality 7 Chandra Subedi Tech. Adviser NITDB 8 Hare Krishna Mishra Engineer NITDB 9 Keshab Raj Acharya Consultant NITDB 10 Gita Adhikari Social Expert NIRTTP-PCO 11 Pramod Acharya Engineer NITDB 12 NavinShahi Driver NITDB 13 JeetendraGurung Team Leader FBC 14 Arun Acharya Environment Specialist FBC 15 Devi Pd. Dotel Social Safeguard FBC 16 Suman Pariyar Environment Officer FBC
Meeting 4
Date: 05 Aug. 2017 A.D (21/04/2074 B.S) Time: 7:30 am – 10:30 am Venue: Ward office, Kirtipur Municipality Project: Inland Clearance Depot (ICD), Kathmandu During the EIA process, public consultation with various elected member of Kirtipur Municipality about Inland Clearance Depot (ICD) were carried out. During consultation presence of the Ward Chairperson, Board member and local people of the Kirtipur Municipality 04 were present. Following issue and question were raised during consultation in the ward office premises. During consultation EIA team and NITDB representative were also present Following question, Comments and Suggestion were made by Municipality Members: JalBinayak Temple’srenovation is ongoing by theArcheological Department with a costs of approx.Rs. 3.83 Carod. 16 household family (affected by earthquake) living in quarter area of proposed project area of former Himal Cement Factory. Most of the family does not have sufficient land to shift from that place and also does not meet the criteria for to rebuilt the house according to the municipality building criteria after the earthquake. Some family have land where outer ring road is proposed, which they built the house due to the outer ring road project and some family member living in temporary dwelling. Some people are of the opinion that this place is not very suitable for the ICD due to near by the settlement area and different cultural heritage site. This project should not run like previous Himal Cement Factory and keeping in mind that increasing in the population and urbanization may cause effect the project in the future which leads to shut the project. Maintenance of Balku – Dakshinkali road’s Chovar – Bhutkehl section has been stopped by the contractor due to this ICD Project, which causes the different problems.So maintenance should be done immediately as soon as possible. Project (ICD) should place the master plan layout having detail information about the project in the notice board of the main gate of the Himal Cement Factory which can understood by the people. What about the employment opportunity to the local people by this project? Land should be release to its owner, which lies outside the Former Himal Cement Factory.People are awaiting resolve of land related issues.
List of Participants :
S.N. Name Organization/Designation Phone No. 1 Nucche Br. Maharjan Ward No. 6 Chairman 9851070405 2 Raju Mizar Ward No. 6 Member 980484753 3 Dharma Brd. Maharjan Local Residents 4 Krishna Maharjan Local Residents 9843700800 5 Manahari Lal Maharjan Local Residents 9841039016 6 Gyanendra Maharjan Social Worker 9741200079 7 Dev Br. Basnet Local Residents 9851060273 8 Taremam Maharjan Local Residents 9851064256 9 Das Br. Maharjan Local Residents 9841704374 10 Jog Lal Local Residents 9849081799 11 Atish Shrestha Local Residents 9841324663 12 Rajendra Maharjan Local Residents 9851047370 13 Krishna Br. Maharjan Local Residents 4332066 14 Dev Kumar Kadhka Local Residents 9851043700 15 Rabindra Maharjan Local Residents 9851215345 16 Kancha Maharjan Local Residents 9841516393 17 Narayan Maharjan Local Residents 9841433101 18 Badri Maharjan Local Residents 9841992862 19 Birendra Maharjan Local Residents 9843132967 20 Indra Bahadur Maharjan JBCFUG, Chairman 9851151876 21 Suman Pariyar FBC, Env. Off. 9813686228 22 Devi Prasad Dotel FBC, SSE 9841348356 23 Himendra Mohan Shahi Manager, NITDB 9851193614 24 Hare Krishna Mishra Manager, NITDB 9851192807
Meeting 5
Public Hearing Meeting of ICD Date: January 07, 2018 A.D, (23/09/2074B.S) 1:00 pm onwards Venue: Ward No. 6 Chovar (Bhutkhel, Lapsibot) Chaired By: Ms. SaraswotiKhadka (Deputy Mayor of Kirtipur Municipality) Guest: Nuhchchhe Bahadur Maharjan (Chair Person of Ward No. 6 the Kirtipur Municipality) The Public Hearing meeting on Chovar Inland Clearance Depot (ICD) Project was organized in Ward No. 6 Chovar (Bhutkhel, Lapsibot) of Kirtipur Municipality on January 07, 2018 A.D (23/09/2074 B.S). Deputy Mayor of Kirtipur Municipality Ms. SaraswotiKhadka chaired the meeting. From the Proponent, Ms. Shanta Budhathoki, as the official representative of NITDB was present. Other participants were NITDB officials, WB representative and FBC consultants, Ward No. 6 locals’ representative members and representatives from political parties. Altogether 40 people participated in this public hearing. The participation of the women was also seen in good numbers.
The main purpose of the Public Hearing was to make the local people of Kirtipur Municipality aware of the proposed activities of the ICD project, to disseminate the project related information and to help to identify the possible environmental and social impacts, the mitigative measures proposed by the Project, and getting the opinions of the local public and stakeholders regarding the Project.
After giving brief background introduction about ICD project, Mr. Manjul K. Manandhar, the Team leader of the EIA study, carried out presentation of the EIA study of this proposed ICD project. Mr. Manandhar presented the Physical plans of the Project, and briefed the Biological and Social situation. The Project’s beneficial and adverse impacts that are likely to occur, due to the construction of the Project and during operation period was also elaborated. The possible impacts with all the mitigation measure proposed were also explained in detail. It was clarified that all the mitigate measures, as mentioned in the EIA Report, is also included in the bidding document and made mandatory work for the contractors. To enhance and preserve the historic Jal Binayak Temple site, a Local Area Development Plan, as proposed and included in the EIA Report was shared with the local people along with other various social enhancement program proposed in the Report. Concerns, Issues and Suggestions raised by the Participants: Gyanendra Maharjan expressed that the people of Chovar welcomes the Project, but expressed concerns about the mitigation of the adverse impacts, as mentioned in the Report. He also inquired how the government will address about some land related issues that has been in pending state for a long time. He enquired if the Jal Binayak Temple Area Development Plan will be implemented in parallel with the construction of the ICD Project. He suggested that the representation of the local body be included, in the monitoring team of the ICD Project, and a Grievance Redress Mechanism should also be established. Shyam Krishna Karki expressed concern that there is some ambiguity related to land issues and the government side should clarify its position.
SangitaBogati expressed that the former Himal Cement did not heed to the issues related to land, so this Project should act in a different way to get the acceptability of the local people. She requested to clarify the land issues, prior to project start. Ganga Ram K.C. raised concern about air and noise pollution and expressed that the Project shall do whatever possible to minimize pollution in the area He also raised concern that the Project might bring various negative social activities (disorders) in the surrounding areas and Chovar’s cultural and historical area. Indra Bahadur Maharjan (Chairperson of the Jal Binayak Community Forest User Group) expressed that it is good that the Project has come to disseminate information related to the proposed Project activities. He expressed that some people of the area are awaiting the government side’s clarification on the land issues that has remained pending for many decades. He also expressed that the present Project will not cause pollution and social disharmony due the project activities. The people of this area had suffered from the pollution caused by the former Himal Cement Factory so, they are quite sensitive to this issue. He suggested that the local people must be given first priority for employment inside the ICD. Sajan Maharjan expressed that Chovar’s cultural and historical importance must be maintained and pollution must be put to a minimum. Binod Maharjan appreciated the project’s activities and expressed that IEV should also be implemented as soon as possible. He expressed that issues raised by other speakers must be addressed. Nuhchchhe Bahadur Maharjan (Ward No. 6 Chairperson) expressed that the people of Chovar welcome the ICD Project in Chovar. But it is also important that the pending land issue be solved by the government side, as early as possible. He expressed that NITDB would contribute some of this land (outside of the ICD construction area) for the construction of a Hospital in this area. He thanked the NITDB for not doing any construction in the open space, used as a football ground by the public, as per their request, because it is an important open space for the people of Chovar and Bhutkhel areas. He expressed that NITDB should give first priority to the people of Chovar, as workers inside the ICD, during its operation. The International Exhibition Venue (IEV) Project should also be implemented along with this proposed ICD project by the government. The NITDB should conduct similar interactions to disseminate information about its activities. Chandra Subedi, Technical Advisor of the NITDB remarked that all the issues raised has been duly noted. The issues related to land will be addressed in accordance with the governing law, jointly by NITDB and Ministry of Commerce, so that the locals can understand the issue, and the government’s position regarding it.
Ms. SaraswotiKhadka (Deputy Mayor of Kirtipur Municipality) concluded the program with her remarks. She expressed that the issue of lands has been discussed intensively with the concerned authorities. The land acquisition of the then Himal Cement Factory was done around 50 years ago and it has already surpassed the legal claiming / grievances lodging period of 35 days. However the legal validity of this issue is also being studied. The newly formed Provincial Government may also seeks new way-out for such issue. The local government will request the NITDB to give priority to affected people while giving employment inside the ICD. The Kirtipur Municipality is making a formal request to NITDB and Ministry of Commerce to provide land for constructing a Hospital, in Chovar area (Outside the ICD construction area). Summary of Attendants Public Hearing Sunday, 07January,2018 A.D Date, Time (2074/09/23 B.S), 1:00pm onwards Ward No. 6 Bhutkhel, Lapsibot-Chovar (Family Rest Venue Camp) Local government, residents, businesses and other Main Target stakeholders of Ward no 6 of Kirtipur Municipalities. Number of Attendants
Local Residents 20 Municipality, Ward 5 Chairperson / Member Women 8 NITDB Representative 6 World Bank Representative 1 FBC Team 5 Total 40 Participants From Kirtipur 20 Municipality Ward no.6
Summary of the Issued Raised and Responses made during Public Hearing Meeting
Issues Raised Response Response from Kirtipur Municipality 1. Expressed that it is good that the Project has come to Duly Noted disseminate information related to the proposed Project activities. 2. Project should conduct similar interactions to disseminate Duly Noted information about its activities. 3. IEV should also be implemented as soon as possible. Duly Noted 4. Address about some land related issues that has been in The issues related to land will be Issue of lands has been discussed pending state for a long time. addressed in accordance with the intensively with the concerned Concerns about some ambiguity related to land issues governing law, jointly by NITDB and authorities. and the government side should clarify its position. Ministry of Commerce, so that the locals The land acquisition of the then Himal 5. People of the area are awaiting the government side’s can understand the issue, and the Cement Factory was done around 50 clarification on the land issues that has remained pending government’s position regarding it. years ago and it has already surpassed for many decades. the legal claiming / grievances lodging period of 35 days. However the legal validity of this issue is also being studied. The newly formed Provincial Government may also seeks new way- out for such issue.
6. Jal Binayak Temple Area Development Plan will be The activities planned for Jal Binayak implemented in parallel with the construction of the ICD Area Dev. is budgeted and included in Project? Schedule of Works and so will be implemented in parallel with the ICD construction works 7. Representation of the local body be included, in the Duly noted, and provision will be made monitoring team of the ICD Project in the Supervision Team 8. Grievance Redress Mechanism should also be Duly noted. Provisioned by EIA. established. Supervision Team will be responsible for implementation 9. Former Himal Cement did not heed to the people’s Duly noted. All National and WB codes problems, so this Project should act in a different way to of conducts will be implemented, based
Issues Raised Response Response from Kirtipur Municipality get the acceptability of the local people on EIA document 10. Concerns about the mitigation of the adverse impacts, as Provision for mitigation of all mentioned in the Report. foreseeable impacts are made in EIA 11. Concern about air and noise pollution and expressed that document. the Project shall do whatever possible to minimize EMP summaries the mitigation measures pollution in the area and its costs implications. 12. Concern about negative social activities (disorders) in the Contractors will be made liable to surrounding areas comply to EMP 13. Concern about effect on Chovar’s cultural and historical Jal Binayak Temple’s importance is duly area. considered in the EIA 14. Chovar’s cultural and historical importance must be Any additional suggestions will be maintained and pollution must be put to a minimum. welcomed 15. Local people must be given first priority for employment Will be recommended to NITDB The local government will request the NITDB inside the ICD. to give priority to affected people while giving employment inside the ICD. 16. NITDB would contribute some of this land (outside of Will be recommended to NITDB The Kirtipur Municipality is making a formal the ICD construction area) for the construction of a request to NITDB and Ministry of Commerce Hospital in this area. to provide land for constructing a Hospital, in Chovar area. 17. Thanked NITDB for keeping open space, (football Duly noted ground)
List of Participants Involved in Public Hearing
Date:07, January 2018 A.D (2074/09/23 B.S)Time :1:00 pm Onwards Place:Bhutkhel, Lapsibot-Chovar (Family Rest Camp) S.N Name Organization/Occupation Contact No. 1 SaraswotiKhadka Kirtipur Municipality/Deputy Mayor 9843222716 2 ManjuBasnet (Budhathoki) Kirtipur Municipality-6/Female Member 9849226299 3 Sajeeta Lama Kirtipur Municipality - 6 9843856704 4 Uttam Nepal Kirtipur Municipality-6/ Member 9841483578 5 ShyamBdr.Thapa Kirtipur Municipality-6 4335862 6 Shyam Krishna Karki Kirtipur Municipality-6 9860541820 7 SajanMaharjan Kirtipur Municipality-6 9841699289 8 BinodMaharjan Kirtipur Municipality-6 9851046283 9 SumanKhadka Kirtipur Municipality-6 9813129592 10 Ram Chandra Khadka Kirtipur Municipality-6 9841657647 11 Chandra Kumar Subedi TA, NITDB 9851115922 12 SurendraGovinda Joshi WB,Consultant 9860999303 13 BimalShahi Kirtipur Municipality-6 9851024391 14 ShilaShaha Kirtipur Municipality-6/Business 9851059579 15 Ganesh NathMaharjan Kirtipur Municipality-6/Business 9841850731 16 NhucheeMaharajan Kirtipur Municipality-6/Ward Chairperson 9851060405 17 Aisha Shrestha NITDB 9843838389 18 IndraBahadurMaharajan Jal Binayak Community Forest/Chairperson 9851151076 19 HumnathKhanal SIE, NITDB 9855053109 20 JeetrendraGurung Design Team Leader (FBC) 9841348356 21 Devi Prasad Dotel Sociologist (FBC) 9841348356 22 Santa Budhathoki NITDB 23 Pramod Acharya Engineer, NITDB 9841270587 24 SumanKarki Kirtipur Municipality-6 9849022714 25 PuneetBogati Kirtipur Municipality-6 9841765374 26 SangitaBogati Kirtipur Municipality-6 9841980258 27 RikeshChitrakar NIRTTP-PCO 9841357206 28 Milan Gurung Construction 9818221161 29 HariShakya Construction 9860625672 30 Kamal Gyawali NITDB 9849151409 31 Pushpa Lal NITDB 9841553639 32 GyanendraMaharjan Kirtipur Municipality-6/Social Worker,Politician 9841297986 33 Arun Acharya Environmental Expert (FBC) 9841235404 34 Gangaram K.C Saibhu-Bhaisepati 9841080524 35 BaburamMaharjan Kirtipur Municipality-6 9841435773 36 Rajesh Kumar Budhathoki Kirtipur Municipality-6, Service 9841080524 37 MunaSurali (Thapa) Kirtipur Municipality-6, Shop-keeper 332531 38 KalpanaThapa Kirtipur Municipality-6, Shop-keeper 332531 39 SumanPariyar Environmental Officer (FBC) 9813686228 40 Manjul Krishna Manandhar Environmental Specialist (FBC) 9841410364
ATTENTDECE SHEETS OF CONSULTATION MEETINGS
Date:31thMarch 2016 Place: Jal Binayak Community Forest Office Premises,Chovar
Date: 21th April 2017 Place: Jal Binayak Community Forest Office Premises, Chovar
Public Hearing: Attendants of Public Hearing on 7 Jan 2018
ANNEX- VI: PROJECT INFORMATION LEAFLET
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ANNEX VII: QUESTIONNAIRE
Kathmandu ICD Project - EIA (Checklist Questions for Social Impact Assessment) Date :______
Name of Respondent :…………………………….………………………..… Age:…….…..years Education:…………….…..………Occupation : ………………………Position ………………. Permanent Address : …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Temporary Address : …………………………………………………………………………………………….…………… Contact Tel. No. :………………………………………… Name of Municipality Ward No.: …………………………………………………………………..
Name of ALL roads in the Municipality: Motorable Roads SN From To Distance Road surface type 1 2 3 4
Non- Motorable Roads SN From To Distance Road surface type 1 2 3 4
Description of the Municipality by Ward : Settlement Connected Total Population Village pattern by Road ? No of Bazaar / Main Ward Names, (Nucleated Yes / No HHs
Haat Caste /
No Settlement or If No, how (VDC
Names Ethnicity Names Scattered far is road? Record
settlement) Latest )
Female Male Total
Total
Mention the Source of the Data ______
Caste Composition of Residents of the VDC
Ward Bhramin Chettri Newar No
Total
Mention the Source of the Data ______
Land Use Pattern of Municipality Settlement Agricultural Barren Ward Forest land Areas land land Name of Community Forests No (Ha or %) (Bazars) (Ha or %) (Ha or %) (Ha or %)
Total
Land Type Write in percentage
Ward Others Flat land Mild Sloped Land Steep Sloped Land No (specify)
Ward Others Flat land Mild Sloped Land Steep Sloped Land No (specify)
Total
Land Holding per Household: Minimum…………………………………… Average………………………………………… Maximum……………………………………………..
Agricultural Dependence of Households in the VDC
Ward No Percentage of HHs
Average
Other Occupations besides Agriculture Write in Percentage Type of Occupation Ward No Govt. Private Private Small Others Employee Employee Business Industries (Specify)
Total
Main Market centers in the Municipality
Remarks S. Name of the Market No. and type No. of Industries (note the distance from the No. Centre of shops ( by type ) project site )
1. 2. 3. 4. 5
Types of Crops cultivated in the area
Barkhee Bali ( the Rainy season crops) : Hiunde Bali ( the Winter Season Crops ) : Nagade Bali - Cash crops ( vegetable and others ) : Cultivation by Improved Methods Others
Average Yields of crops per Ropani Paddy Maize Wheat Others name
Irrigated land (khet)
Un-irrigated land
Bari land xxx
Price of land in the project site area (Rs/ per Ropani) Present Market Price Govt. Price/ Type of land (Rs per Ropani) Malpot Price (Rs per Ropani) Year-round irrigated khet Monsoon irrigated khet Bari (upland) Ghaderi (homestead land on the road side) Ghaderi (away from the main road) Others, (mention) Blacked Topped Road Side
(motorable) Gravel Road Side (motorable) Track side (non motorable) Land without access Mention Source ______
Market value of the houses on the existing road side Present Market Unit Value Govt. Rate Category Value (Rs) (Rs/Sq. Ft) (Rs/Sq. Ft) Traditional Kacha house Semi modern kacha-pacca house Modern Pacca house (Load bearing Walls) Modern Pacca house (RCC framed)
Available services in Project Area (coverage village) Education Level of Academic S.N. No of Academic institution Adequate / Not adequate institution
Sources of drinking water Percentage of Ward No. Location Sources Adequate / Not adequate HH
Health services in the project area SN Health Institution Nos. Adequate / Not adequate 1 Sub health post 2 Health post 3 Family planning clinic 4 Private clinic 5 Aurvedic hospital/clinic 6 Others
Electricity and Telecommunication services
Name places where electricity has not reached Name places where telecommunication (landline) cannot be connected Name places where telecommunication (mobile) cannot be connected
Temple, historical/cultural places in the Project area
Name Location/place ------Cremation Site in the Area Name Location/place ------
Public related offices in the Project Area /Municipality SN Name of Institution Ward No Total Nos Place 1 Hospital 2 Health Posts 3 Telephone office 4 Electricity office 5 Drinking water office 6 Irrigation office 7 Agri. Cooperative 8 Veterinary 9 Forest office 10 Police post 11 Bank 12 Cooperative offices 13 Post office 14 Others
Q1. How likely after the operation of the road, the people from outside the village area will come to this area for permanent settlement, expecting better economic opportunities?
Significant number of people will come
Only small number of people will come
Less likely that people will come here for permanent settlement
Q2. Perception about the positive and negative impacts of the new ICD Project in their socio- economic life and religious /cultural life. a) Positive Impacts( list major impacts) 1. 2. 3.
(b) Negative Impacts ( list major impacts) 1. 2. 3.
Q3. Possibility of availability of local unskilled/ semiskilled/skilled construction workers.
If yes , what type of workers?
Creation of employment/increase in economic activities
Q4. Mobilization of local people/ possibility of cooperation of local people during construction and operation of the Project.
Q5. Possibility of obtaining the cooperation of the local general public during construction and operation of the Project.
Q6. Likely employment generation to local people (such as increase in agricultural activities, marketing activities, industry, maintenance labor and technicians etc. )
Q7. How likely it is that the existing settlement will develop into township? Which are the settlement/ village likely to be developed into township from this area ?
Q8. Do you know how this Project is proposed to be implemented ?
Q9. What percentage of this town population already know about how this Project is proposed to be implemented ?
Q10. Do you think the majority of the people are willing to participate in this Project, from their own level ?
Any Additional Comments / Suggestions / Views expressed: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Thank You !
ANNEX VIII: PUBLIC NOTICE AND NOTIFICATION EVIDENCE
ANNEX-IX: DOCUMENTATION OF CORRESPONDENCE FROM STAKEHOLDERS
English Translation Response from Kirtipur Municipality on proposed ICD project Date: 11/12/2073 B.S (04/10/2017 A.D) To : Nepal Intermodal Transport Development Board (NITDB). The entire proposed ICD site plan at Chovar which lies within the former Himal Cement Factory premises, Kirtipur Municipality wards no.6, municipality ward no. 13 and 14 which lies in the Bhutkhel VDC. By the project proponent Nepal Intermodal Transport Development Board (NITDB). By this municipality, discussion with the local people some suggestion had made to these project and suggestion should be implemented during the project time. Suggestions by local people are listed below: 1. To ensure that community can continue to use lands such as: land that has been used by the community land used for religion festivals, bogs, river bank land, the land under community forest used for environment enhancement and tourism development etc. 2. To give the first priority to local people for the employment during the time of project. 3. To give attention in protection of local environment. 4. As per understanding between the former Himal Cement Factory and local community, to provide compensation for the damage caused by the factory. 5. Make ensure that there will be no any effect on public settlement, religious and cultural sites and public community properties. 6. To make ensure that project will make involvement of local government.
Signed by : Chief and Executive Officer of Kirtipur Municiaplity, Mr. Suman Kumar Karki
English Translation Response from Jal Binayak Community Forest Users’ Group Date: 2073/12/11 B.S, (2017/04/10 A.D) To : Nepal Intermodal Transport Development Board (NITDB). The entire proposed ICD site plan at Chovar which lies within the former Himal Cement Factory premises, Kirtipur Municipality wards no.6, then municipality ward no. 13 and 14 which lies in the Bhutkhel VDC. By the project proponent Nepal Inter Modal Transport Development Board (NITDB). By this municipality, discussion with the local people some suggestion had made to these project and suggestion should be implemented during the project time. Suggestions by local people are listed below: 1. To ensure that community can continue to use lands such as: land that has been used by the community land used for religion festivals, bogs, river bank land, the land under community forest used for environment enhancement and tourism development etc. 2. To give the first priority to local people for the employment during the time of project. 3. To give attention in protection of local environment. 4. As per understanding between the former Himal Cement Factory and local community, to provide compensation for the damage caused by the factory. 5. Make ensure that there will be no any effect on public settlement, religious and cultural sites and public community properties.
Signed by : Chairman, Mr. Indra Bahadur Maharjan
English Translation Recommendatio Letter from Kirtipur Municipality on proposed ICD project Date: 25/10/2074 B.S (08/2/2018 A.D) To : Nepal Intermodal Transport Development Board (NITDB). Subject : Recommended for Implementation As per your ltter 2074/75 No. 386 date 2074/10/22, regarding Detailed Design and EIA Report for ICD at Chovar at Ward No. 6 of this Municipality and the Public hearing Meeting conducted on 2074/9/23, as per the suggestions received thereof, we recommend implementation of the Project at an early date. Signed by : Chief Executive Officer of Kirtipur Municiaplity, Mr. Niranjan Shrestha
ANNEX-X: PHOTOGRAPHS
Stakeholder Consultation Meeting At JBCUGO Participants of Stakeholder Consultation Meeting on 21th April 2017 at JBCUGO
Representatives of Client, DFO, and Consultant at Stakeholder Consultation Meeting At JBCUGO Stakeholder Consultation Meeting on 21th April 2017
Public interaction meeting Information Collection from Local Community
Information Collection from Local Community Families need to displaced from their temporary sheds
Row Houses in front of Himal Cement Main Gate, Settlements adjacent to Jal Binayak Temple who will be directly affected
Photograph of Public Hearing Meeting at Chovar, Kathmandu
Deputy Mayor As Chairperson Presentation Session
Team leader of EIA Study giving Presentation Participants of the Public Hearing
Question and Suggestion Session by Participants Introduction by the Participants
ANNEX XI: APPROVED TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR)
ANNEX XII: LIST OF TEAM MEMBERS
SN Name Position in EIA Study Team 1 Manjul K. Manandhar Project Coordinator, Environment Specialists 2 Arun Acharya Environmental Expert 3 Jitendra Gurung ICD Design Team Leader 4 Nawin Khatri Structure Engineer 5 Purushottam Dangol Architect Landscape Planner 6 Dibesh Khadka Hydrologist 7 Devi Dotel Sociologist 8 Bimala Acharya Geotechnical Engineer 9 Achyuta Koirala Sr. Geologist
Declaration Form of Study Team
ANNEX XIII: Jal Binayak Temple Area Local Area Improvement Plan
In the close vicinity of the ICD Project area in Chovar, a culturally important monument of Jal Binayak Temple, Manjushree gorge and caves exists. These cultural areas do not fall directly within the footprints of the ICD Project‟s activities. However, these sites need to be preserved and conserved, and saved from losing its importance. At present, the area lacks basic infrastructures such as, paved roads, managed parking, drainage, lightings, toilets etc.
During interactions with local people, they have requested that the ICD Project would assist by allocating some resources for the overall improvement of the area, so that the entire Temple area environment is improved and visitors are likely to increase.
The EIA team has taken their suggestions and request, and incorporated some additional measures that are deemed necessary for improving the general environment of Jal Binayak Temple, Manjushee park and caves and its vicinity.
The Local Area Improvement Plan consists of the following activities, and estimated a cost proposal.
A more detailed engineering design, with its exact cost proposal need to be worked out, prior to implementation of the Project. In addition, the modality of implementation of the plan need to be worked out by the Project Proponent.
The activities proposed are as follows:
Pedestrian Crossing Bridge – across the main road at Chovar, and preferably to be constructed prior to main construction commences at ICD site Intersection Improvement - including Erection of Signs and Signals at Road crossings, Road markings etc. at Chovar area on the Balkhu – Dakshinkali road Black Topping of Chovar - Jalbinayak - Bhaisepati Road – at present, the road is only gravel, and is not aesthetically attractive and is dusty when dry and muddy when wet. So black topping, with footpaths, and side drains are proposed. Parking Area Development (Small Vehicles) – parking areas need to be paved and managed Solar Street Lighting – about 50 street lights are proposed, around the Temple area and road leading to the Temples Stream Bank Protection Structure – two streams need to be protected with gabion walls Road to Cremation Site – road from Chovar to cremation site need to be upgraded Walkway Improvement – around Temple periphery, for walking Cremation Site Improvement – a more managed site improvement Toilet Construction – near parking lot for Temple and Park visitors
Map of Jal Binayak Temple Area Local Development Plan (Conceptual Plan)
Cost Estimate for Local Area Improvement Costs (at Jal Binayak Temple Area and Surrounding Areas) S. Estimate Amount Particulars Unit Qty. Remarks N. (Rs.) 20 m Span 1 Pedestrian Crossing Bridge No. 1 14,058,688 x 2 m width Black Topping of Chovar – Jal 7m width with 2 Binayak with Intersection m 220 8,218,731 Footpath Improvement Parking Area Development 3 m2 600 1,458,645 Near Temple (Small Vehicles) Along Road, 4 Solar Street Lighting No. 50 5,800,000 Temple, Cremation Site Stream Bank Protection 5 m 460 5,808,517 Gabion wall Structure 6 Road to Cremation Site m 230 1,843,671 Along Stream 7 Walkway Improvement m 100 1,461,452
For Temple 8 Toilet Construction No. 1 1,789,864 visitors Sub-Total 40,439,568
Social Enhancement Packages
Large scale works of ICD construction in Bhutkhel, Chovar area is proposed under this Project. The local people in the surrounding areas are only indirectly affected by the construction works. During the interactions they have been briefed about the Project‟s activities during construction and operation. Even though there are no directly project affected people, the people living around Bhutkhel, Chovar areas have will have to bear some inconveniences during construction works. To compensate and to gain more acceptance from the local people, and as a social responsibility, some social enhancement activities are proposed to be conducted, during construction of the Project.
The EIA document has proposed a Plan with estimated cost proposal, for conducting these activities.
The activities proposed are as follows:
Training related activities: Training to enhance skills of local workers (training on driving light/heavy vehicles, mason training, electrical / plumbing training, steel structure erection training etc.) Livelihood Enhancement Skills Development Training to local residents (training on Mechanical Repairs, Electrical installment, plumbing training, tailoring training etc.) Orientation to School / College Students on importance of Environmental Conservation Other activities: Health Camps for monitoring public health of local residents during Construction period Sanitation Improvement Works in Settlement Areas Support for Youth Clubs for promotion / conservation of the Local Culture, Heritage and Sports Relocation Allowance to Families affected by Earthquake Other Social Support Activities (Bagmati Cleaning Campaign etc.)
Costs Estimate for Social Support Costs
Estimate S. Unit Rate Particulars Unit Qty. Amount Remarks No. (Rs.) (Rs.) Training to enhance skills of Mason, Light/Heavy 1 local workers (skilled Nos. 100 10,000 1,000,000 Driving Trainings workers) Livelihood Enhancement Electrical, Plumbing, 2 Skills Development Training Nos. 100 10,000 1,000,000 Machinery Repair, to local residents and PAF Vehicle Repair etc. Safety and Orientation to School / Environmental / 3 Nos. 5 100,000 500,000 College Students Cultural Heritage Conservation Local Area Environment For local residents Improvement Awareness 4 Nos. 8 100,000 800,000 4 times a yr. for 2 Campaign & Information yrs. material distribution Health Camps for monitoring For local residents public health of local 5 Nos. 8 100,000 800,000 4 times a yr. for 2 residents during yrs. Construction period Drainage Sanitation Improvement improvement in 6 L.S. 1 500,000 500,000 Works in Settlement Areas Bhutkhel Settlement Area Support for Youth Clubs for For Local Youth promotion / conservation of 7 L.S. 1 500,000 500,000 Clubs active in the Local Culture, Heritage Chovar Area and Sports Transportation Allowance for translocation of 16 families To distributeat the 8 settled inside NITDB Nos. 16 25,000 400,000 time of relocation premises after 2015 April Earthquake Other Social Support In recommendation 9 Activities (Bagmati Cleaning L.S. 1 500,000 500,000 of local Ward Office Campaign etc.) Sub-Total 6,000,000
ANNEX XIV: Grievance Redress Mechanism
1. Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) - Objective At Project Level, a Grievance Redress Mechanism will be established so that stakeholders related to the Project activities, can appeal for any grievances that they might have. Handling and settlement of any complaints / grievances at Project level will facilitate the smooth implantation of the Project. The Grievance Redress mechanism will be designed to be simple, understandable, quick and fair. 2. Information to Stakeholders about Grievance Redress Mechanism The Project will inform all Stakeholders, about the establishment of Grievance Redress Mechanism through a notice in a hoarding board at the Project site. The notice will be briefly explain the following: the objective of the Grievance Redress mechanism, the place of grievance lodging, the method of lodging an application, method of evaluation by the Project and method of informing the outcome of the evaluation. 3. Methods of Lodging Grievances The following methods of grievances lodging and its recording will be employed: 1. Verbal notice 2. Telephonic notice 3. Written notice 4. Email notice 4. Recording of Grievances All the grievances that are received will be duly recorded in a Grievance Recording Register by the Social Safeguard / Public Relation Officer. The nature of the grievance will be categorized into the following: Social related issue Environmental related issue Labour related issue Safety and social harmony related issue Work quality related issue Contractor related issue Others 5. Forming of Grievances Redress Committee The following members will be in the Grievance Redress Committee 1. Project Manager - NITDB 2. Resident Engineer of Construction Supervision Consultant 3. Contractor‟s Manager 4. Environmental Safeguard Officer – from EMU 5. Social Safeguard / Public Relation Officer – from EMU 6. Methods of Resolving Grievances Proposed mechanism for grievance resolution is given below:
Stage 1: Complaints on any aspect shall, in first instance be settled verbally or in written form in the Project office.
The complaint can be discussed in an informal meeting with the complainer by the concerned personnel to settle the issues at the local level.
The resolved issues shall be duly minuted with signatures of all parties and duly recorded.
Stage 2: If no understanding or amicable solution reached, a community consultation, with the involvement of Safeguard / Public Relation Officer shall be done.
All issues raised shall be duly recorded and any issue not agreed upon shall be forwarded to the Grievance Redress Committee.
Stage 3: Grievance Redress Committee shall study the issue in detail and have a consultative meeting with the complainer or the community.
If the issues are resolved, then it shall be duly minuted with signatures of all parties and duly recorded.
Stage 4: If the grievance issue is still unresolved, the file containing all the deliberations, discussion points, demands, and Grievance Redress Committee‟s understanding and opinion shall be forwarded to the NITDB Management Committee and request for decision and further action.
The complainer shall be informed of the conclusion reached by the NITDB Management Committee.
7. Reporting of Grievances All the grievances and their proceedings shall be reported by the monthly meeting, with brief summary of the decisions made.
8. Grievances Notice Board The details of the materials to be included in the Grievance Notice Board, drafted in Nepali Language shall be prepared by the Construction Supervision Consultant and approved by the NITDB Management Committee. The notice board shall be erected where the general people can easily see and understand its content.
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ANNEX XV: Action Plan for Shifting Back of Temporarily- Settled Earthquake-Affected Families 1. Background Bhutkhel settlement is located nearby former Himal Cement Factoryarea where the ICD complex is proposed. Some of the old houses in the Bhutkhel settlement was badly damaged by the devastating Earthquake in April 2015and the affected people had to take shelter at different open spaces around the area. The open space of the football ground of Chovar was used extensively as the sheltering place for earthquake affected families. As the affected families were able to shift back to their own houses, they gradually shifted back from the football ground. Another location where families took shelter was inside the former Himal Cement Factory premises, in the annex land, where the former Factory‟s staff quarter used to exist. More than two dozen families took shelter in the former Himal Cement Factorypremise‟s Staff Quarter area (where the area is marked as additional Parking Area in ICD and not in the main ICD complex area). Few of the temporarily settled families shifted back to their own land after managing their homes but few of them couldn‟t shift back due to their problems. At present, there are 16 suchfamilies who are residing within area where additional Parking Area for the ICD is proposed. The families are living in temporarily-madeCGI Sheet sheds, made manually by themselves. These families have received the first installment distributed by Nepal Reconstruction Authority (NRA) of Government of Nepal, as Earthquake grant. However, these families have yet to shift back to their own homes.
Temporary CGI Sheet Sheds used by Earthquake-Affected Families 2. Families residing in Temporary Sheds The information of the temporarily residing families are as below:
Table: Name of Earthquake Affected Familiesresiding in Temporary Sheds within the ICD proposed Area
HH. Name Other Members Family No. (Head of Family) (Relation with Family/ Occupation) Member 1 Nani Maiya Maharjan Son :Mahendra Maharjan (Driving) (Housewife) Son: Rabindra Maharjan Foreign employment) 7 2 Narendra Maharjan Self (Driving) 3 3 Pawan Maharjan Self (Electrical supervisor) 3 4 Devendra Maharjan Self (Driving) 4 5 Ramkaji Maharjan Self (Driving) 4 6 Nanimaiju Maharjan Son: Nanikaji Maharjan (Foreign employment) 4 7 Bulmaya Maharjan Son: Rajesh Maharjan (Foreign employment) 9 (Housewife) Son: Rajan Maharjan (Cable Network) 8 Purna Bd. Maharjan Self: Technician Supervisor (IMTC) 4 9 Chandra Maharjan Son: Binay Maharjan (Shop Business) 3 10 Birendra Maharjan Self (Driving) 4 11 Hari Maharjan Self (Driving) 4 12 Laxman Bd. Maharjan Self (Driving) 3 13 Indra Bd. Maharjan Self: JBCFUG (Chairman), Son: (Teacher) 4 Son: (Private service) 14 Nyuchay Lal Maharjan Self: Labour 2 15 Nani Thanku Maharjan Son: Bivash Maharjan (Electrician) 4 16 Jitendra Maharjan Self (Driving) 5 Total 16 Family 67 Source: Field Survey, 2017
3. Economic status of the Families The overall economic status of the 16 families has been evaluated. Adult male family members of 8 households out of 16 families are employed in driving occupation in the nearby Chakratirtha Pvt. Ltd. at Chovar. Two family members are engaged into foreign employment and 4 family members into electrician type of jobs within the Kathmandu valley. Rest of the family members are found engaged into business, teaching and labor works. In this way, they are depending on various jobs in different places and earning differently. Almost of them have their own small landholdings in nearby settlement area however the land they belongs is not enough for building structure. They are managing their daily necessity by mainly monthly earnings. Moreover, 50% of them have their own land inside the proposed Outer Ring Road corridor area which has also been stopped to utilize before finalization of the Project. Due to their small land holding, small family income and joint family status, they are in a marginalized state at present situation. 4. Information Dissemination and Consultation with the Families During Master Planning phase, the 16 families were informed that an ICD complex is planned and the families need to shift back to their own homes, or make alternate arrangements themselves.
Consultation meetings with the families were conducted specifically two times (02, 18 June 2016), and several times with the key member representing the families (Mr. Indra Bd. Maharjan). During Consultations, it was revealed that the families had genuinely no alternative place to shift back to , since they have not been able to reconstructed their former houses. However, it was attempted to make consensus on the deadline to relocate their temporary structures from the proposed project area. First, they requested that it is not possible to shift before summer of 2017, and requested time tillend of Dashain and Tihar festival 2017, so that they could manage their matters. After festivals, the locals were busy during local elections and shifting could not take place. However, with the cooperation of newly elected local government, the families agreed to shift out and not make any hindrance to the Project‟s activities. On 20th February 2018, the Secretary (MoC) and Executive Director (NITDB) have also consulted the earthquake affected families and the families are preparing to move out of the area, as soon as possible. 4. Action Plan for Shifting Back of Families 1. Translocation Assistance Allowance During consultation meeting coordinated by the local government, the families agreed to shift out and not make any hindrance to the Project‟s activities, and requested the Project for some shifting assistance. The local government recommended that each family be paid Rs. 25,000 at the time of shifting, as transportation assistance to all 16 families. The NITDB has agreed in giving the transportation assistance to the 16 families with a total sum of Rs. 400,000. 2. Coordination with NRA The NITDB shall coordinate with the office of NRA and local government office, for the timely release of reconstruction allowance, so the 16 families can reconstruct their houses in a timely manner. 3. Timeline for Translocation The 16 families have made commitments to shift out of the premises without hindrance to the Project‟s activities by the end of March 2018, and an agreement to this effect is being signed with the representative of the 16 families and the local government office. 4. Allocation of Transportation Assistance The transportation assistance allowance is budgeted under the Social Support Costs (Table 8.2, Item No. 8 of the EIA Document). The amount shall be expensed by NITDB funds until it is reimbursed by the Project, which is accepted by the NITDB.
5. Non Requirement of Resettlement Action Plan A detailed Resettlement Action Plan is deemed not required, since the 16 families need not be resettled but only assisted in translocation of their belongings to their own homes.
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ANNEX XVI : OTHERS
Environment Safeguard Management Plansto be Prepared by Contractor
As indicated in the EIA-EMP, these plans shall be submitted together as a Site Specific Environmental Management Action Plan (SS-EMAP) for review and approval by the Proponent prior to mobilization, and to be updated on an ongoing basis as required and as instructed by the Proponent
1. Traffic Management Plan 2. Occupational Health And Safety Plan 3. Spoil Disposal And Management Plan 4. Labor Camp Management Plan 5. Equipment Yards Management Plan 6. Contractors‟ Camp Management Plan and Restoration Plan 7. Dust Management Plan 8. Afforestation and Re-Plantation Plan 9. Communication Plan 10. Grievances Redress Plan
Others 1. Contractors‟ Crusher Plant Management Plan 2. Waste Disposal and Management Plan
Protocol For Communication (Sample)
1. Day to Day Activity a. From all Contractors’ Site Engineers to Consultant’s Respective IOW and ARE
2. Communication on Any Relevant Issues a. From all Contractors’ Site Engineers to Consultant’s Respective IOW and ARE b. Consultant’s ARE to RE c. RE to PIC Office d. RE to Team Leader
3. Communication related Environmental Issues a. From Contractors’ Site Engineer to Consultant’s IOW and ARE b. Consultant’s ARE to Environmental Site Inspector c. Consultant’s Environmental Site Inspector to Consultant’s Environmental Specialist d. Consultant’s Environmental Specialist to Team Leader
4. Communication on Emergency Issues a. Contractors’ Site Engineer to Contract Manager ↓ b. Contract Manager to ARE ↓ c. ARE to RE ↓ d. RE to TL ↓ e. TL to PIC / Client
5. Communication to Local Public / Communities a. Contractor’s Site Engineer to ARE b. ARE to Social Mobilizer c. Social Mobilizer to RE d. Social Mobilizer to Social Development and Resettlement Expert e. Social Development and Resettlement Expert to TL and Client
Communication Plan for Foreseen Issues (Sample)
Traffic Management Issues Traffic Closures Traffic Diversion Traffic Stoppage Danger Zones Emergency Issues Accident Related to Construction Activities Accident Related to Traffic Other Accidents Landslide Closure Social Grievances Issues Communication with Local Public
Monthly Meetings related to Safety Issues Review on Accidents Review on Safeguard Methods
Record Keeping of: Landslides Road Closures Road Diversions Accidents related Construction Works Accidents related to Traffic
List of Hospitals, Health Centers in Case of Emergency