How to use BRICKS History

30 00 BC - 500 AD Ancient Greece Chapt e r 3

Key words You will find a In history you learn about events that took place in the past. BRICKS History is especially written At the end of 499 BC start of the conflict between Greece and Persia 431 BC start of the Peloponnesian War 3.1 Meet the Greek 3.4 Greek Culture 404 BC loses the Peloponnesian War Colony: a new that was started overseas Columns: round straight stone constructions timeline with the c. 500 BC start of the Classical age 323 BC Alexander the for students following bilingual education. This book is the first of three volumes. You can work with each chapter you (plural: poleis): Greek city-state that can carry the roof of a temple or similar Great dies in Babylon Agora: the main in a polis building : the inner keep of the city where most Olympic Games: games that were held every four of the temples were years at Olympia, to honour most important 336 BC Dark ages: time historians cannot “see”, because Mythology: stories of the gods and demi-gods 492 BC battle at Marathon becomes king, aged 20 230 BC BRICKS on your own or with your classmates. Besides this textbook, you will need your workbook and will find a list there is no information about it Pillars: round straight stone constructions that Erathosthenes c. 730 BC Iliad is written by calculates the Earth’s Oral Tradition: stories are not written down, but can carry the roof of a temple or similar building circumference events you learned passed on from person to person by telling : people who make a living just by 776 BC First Olympic games thinking and talking about all sorts of things answer key. Sometimes you will be directed to the internet site (www.ovdbricks.nl). of the keywords 3.2 People of Greece Comedies: Greek theatre plays that ridicule Metoiks: people that were born in a different politics or philosophy about in the polis Tragedies: Greek theatre plays that are about What did you learn in this chapter? Slave: person owned by someone else, slaves people and the gods. Normally they do not end You learned: of the chapter, were at the bottom of the social pyramid well - how the Greek invented Middle class: social layer of merchants and such - what forms of government the Greek poleis had chapter. individuals 3.5 Greek Conflict - that the Greek created literature, still read today Lower class: (poor) working people with little Bias: predetermined way of looking at something - that the Greek developed scientific and architectural ideas still used today with their power : alliance led by Athens, based on - how Greek culture spread beyond Greece in the time of Hellenism Upper class: ruling class of people naval power - where the Olympic Games come from : Greek citizen-soldier, heavily armoured Stalemate: a situation when nobody can make a - why a conflict arose between the Persian East and the European Greeks : close hoplite formation winning move - what Greek geography is like Textbook definitions. Alexander the Great: Macedonian king who - who Alexander the Great was 3.3 Ancient democracy defeated and conquered the Persian Empire Democracy: system of government where the : period in which Greek people (demos) are in charge culture was spread far beyond Greece, with much Each chapter starts with an introduction page. Aristocracy: system of government where the attention to arts and sciences What did you learn to do in this chapter? best (aristos) or nobles are in charge You learned to: Citizenship: set of rights and obligations 3.6 Alexander the Great - create a map of an polis You will also find between a country and its people : an elite unite of young - name examples of Greek gods and their characteristics Ecclesia: general assembly where all citizens Macedonian nobles - explain why the Greek had a highly developed society, giving examples gathered Hegemon: leader of all Greeks - draw a social pyramid of ancient Greece : council of 500 citizens in Athens that Persepolis: Persian capital, destroyed by - recognise a bias or prejudice an overview of the carried out everyday governing activities Alexander the Great - organise Greek history into different ages Strategoi: jobs for which people were elected, : from Macedon who - recognise and name the most important Greek military unit, the phalanx for instance ship captains and generals became famous in Athens. Tutor of Alexander the - explain how Greek culture spread beyond Greece : vote to ban someone from Athens Great things you learned By looking at and Monarchy: a country that has a king or a queen Diadochi: successors of Alexander the Great What skills should you be able to use? about and learned You should be able to use: 3 Ancient Greece - Skill 1: Organising history thinking about the - Skill 3: Causes and effects - Skill 5: Recognising the influence of the past to do, along with - Skill 7: Drawing conclusions from studying sources pictures on this - Skill 9: Facts, opinions and arguments Source 3.2 - Skill 10: Your own opinion: Facts and opinions the skills you page, you will get should be able to an idea of what 72 73 use.

Source 3.3 the chapter is about.

Source 3.1

Source 3.4 The age of Greeks and omans On page 150 - 153 you will find a summary of historical skills that you will practise in BRICKS History. On this page you

can read about 3000 BC 1 500 AD 1000 1500 1600 1700 100 1900 1950 Present The timeline on

The first civilisations developed in the developed, Greek gods were identified and the chapter topic Thrace THS CHAPTE this page shows Middle East, but some of their ideas and a hunger for war emerged. Workbook inventions spread into Europe. The Greeks became a people that loved 3.1 Meet the Greeks and what you can In the 11th century BC, bronze was to compete in games. They also loved to 3.2 People of Greece you the Age you 3.3 Ancient democracy introduced to the people of Greece. The argue on philosophy and politics and liked Adreatic Sea 3.4 Greek Culture In the workbook you will answer questions and do practical exercises. A lot of the exercises here also Mycenaean society was the first Greek good . Today they are still Attica expect. Athens 3.5 Greek Conflict will be studying in society. However, a true remembered in films like 300 and and Peloponnesus 3.6 Alexander the Great Olympia Greek culture didn’t appear until the also in the logo of a certain football club practise your English, though most of the time you will not realise that you are doing this. Some will th century BC. Then an alphabet was from Amsterdam. the chapter. require you to work with a classmate. Source 3.5 A map of ancient Greece.

5 51 You can check your answers using the answer key. The map on the page shows you where the subject of the The workbook uses the following pictograms: chapter is situated.

you need the computer or internet to do this exercise

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On each page of 3.1 Meet the Greeks The extension The Ancient Greeks were wonderful the textbook, you Colony Agora Dark Ages storytellers. Because the sea was boxes give you Polis (plural: poleis) Acropolis Oral tradition so important to them, many of you will do this exercise with a classmate their famous stories are about None of the societies that you read about in the previous chapter were in Europe. long journeys by ship. There’s a find a pictogram Most historians say that European civilisation starts with the Greeks. As you can see story about a hero called ason. He extra information in the timeline, there is a lot of Greek history. It starts around 1600 BC and it lasts travels on a ship called the Argo’ until now, because there is still a country named Greece today But how did Greeks and its crewmembers are named live in the past the Argonauts.’ On their trip they of the Age you are Ano���� ��r� i� about a topic that search for a famous golden fleece. O�y� �u�. H� �ls� If ason finds this treasure he’ll be �r���l� ��� �ea� Geography of Greece made king, but of course they have af��� �� ���e� t� �e� Greece is a country that borders the to face many dangers along the h��� a� ��� �n� studying in the o� ��� Tr�j�� w��. sometimes needs Mediterranean Sea. It has many high way. One of them is a huge dragon Bu� i� t��e� ��� mountains, rocky ground and islands. that guards the golden fleece. ��� �e�r�! D���n� Because of this, there is not a lot of ��e�� �e�r� �� ha� you will do this exercise in a group chapter. fertile land close together. So to make Source 3.8 Scene from the search for the Golden Fleece: Jason is being regurgitated by the snake t� �i�h� of� �i�nt�, some explanation. a living, the Greeks herded sheep and who keeps the Golden Fleece. stands to the right (red figured cup, c. 480-470 BC). s�r���e� e� �n� ��� ����. N� ��� s�i� goats on the rocky hillsides. And on �r������n� �� ���� the small fertile patches they grew �� An���n� G��e�� grain and even some olives and figs wa� ea��! on trees. In times when there was not The Greek city states enough food, they had to buy it from Source 3.6 Today, Greece still has high mountains and Most Greek were so powerful that they also controlled surrounding lands. Many other places. rocky grounds. such areas were closed off by natural barriers, like mountains, rivers or the sea. Because of this, these cities became independent states, with their own government, Sometimes more drastic measures were needed. They then started a new city in coins and army. Such a city is called a city-state. The Greek word for this is polis Each section starts colony places where there was better soil. This new city, or colony, would have strong links (plural: poleis). These poleis would act as small countries. polis (plural: poleis) Sticky notes offer to the old city. ater the colony could trade food with the city from where these Not all poleis were exactly the same. There were many differences, but also some in this exercise you will practise a historical skill; you will find a summary of the historical colonists originally came from. similarities that we will find out about. In almost every polis there was a market with a keyword You can imagine that because of the high mountains and difficult terrain, trade by where a farmer would sell his goods when he had finished the harvest. et us follow you fun facts land was difficult. So the Greek used the sea as their highways. They sailed to different Trasuboulos, an imaginary farmer, on his way to the city. lands (like Southern France, Turkey and Italy) to start colonies, to trade or even to skills on page 150 - 153 in your textbook fight. This made harbours very important in Greece. Almost every city had one. box. At a glance In English we use atin terms to indicate if it is one (singular) about a topic. or more (plural). you can see what A walk in a polis On his trip from the countryside, Trasuboulos follows the road that leads to a gate the important in the city wall. There he asks to be allowed into the city. Most poleis had a city wall for defence and it would also serve as a checkpoint for visitors. If someone was very ill, they kept him out to make sure the disease would not spread to the city. words are. You can Trasuboulos is allowed to enter the city and so he continues his way to the main this exercise links to an extension box in the textbook market square, or agora. At the agora he sells his goods and there is even time to agora stay and listen to the latest news. Especially political news got a lot of attention. The Greeks thought that everyone should be involved in politics. If Trasuboulos wants also find these to share his opinion he can join one of the many debates on the agora. You see, the marketplace was not just for trading, it was also used to socialise or for debating. Source 3.7 A trireme: a warship with three rows of rowers (present-day replica). If he wants to, he can even get a lesson in debating skills from one of the local keywords in the philosophers that were at the agora. margin. 52 53 Website (www.ovdbricks.nl) This website contains sources you need to do some of the exercises. You may also find useful In the language boxes you will find information for each chapter. information about English. It will help you to understand the text better. Major differences So, now you know how to work with BRICKS History: have fun discovering history. between Dutch and English are explained. The authors of BRICKS History.

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