The Backbone of the Famine is Broken—But lal O*3an *f TKe Trade Union Education A New Famine is On

Europe is on the brink of bankruptcy In Soviet Russia there exists: Russia is on the road to recovery A great hunger for Cultural Education The Franc and the Mark are dancing A great hunger for Scientific Education the mad dance of disintegration A great hunger for Efficient Farming The Ruble is steadily forging upward Methods With a little help Russia can fully re- construct herself and an urgent need for: Upon a reconstructed Russia depends Apparatus the condition of the world market Raw Material Upon the condition of the world mar- ket depends the condition of the far- Tools mers and workers here in America Tractors

RECOGNITION RECONSTRUCTION of Russia MEANS of Russia

SIGN

Here or Here

Friends of Soviet Russia I Friends of Soviet Russia 32 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111. , 32 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111. I enclose $ to be applied to the General As a true friend of the Workers' and Peasants' republic 1 Tractor Fund with which to purchase tractors for Russia next i hereby enclose $ , to signify my willingness Spring. I to continue to help Soviet Russia in whatever form the need may require. NAME 1 NAME ADDRESS I ADDRESS CITY.

CITY- —__ PROFESSION _ I PROFESSION Lab. H. , Lab. H.

99 CT

November, 1923 THE LABOR HERALD

With Russia's great- est daily paper in their hands, the unions of Line Up the Youth! Russia are doubly armed. READ American mili t a n t s must take up the The Young Worker weapon of a daily press against the en- TJie emy without and Walden Book* traitors within. • *-. Shop As never before the frenzied bureaucrats Court "A Magazine for the Militant Young Chicago are attacking the left Workers of America" wing — the fighting progressives. Issued Monthly ALL LABOR BOOHS, PAMPHLETS AHD PERIODICALS ALWAYS IN STOCK THE DAILY WORKER Single copies subscription price Subscription* Taken for will defend the mili- 15 cents $1.00 per year English and American labor Papen tants — will slash to Send for Sample Copy ribbons the propagan- The Walden da of Gompers and THE YOUNG WORKER Lewis. 1009 N. State Street Book Shop THE DAILY WORKER Chicago, 111. 307 Plymouth Court Chicago, HI. will fight for Amal- gamation, An Inde- pendent Labor Party, Recognition of Soviet Russia, A Workers THE LABOUR MONTHLY A Militant Weekly RUSSIAN UNION MAN TO AMERICAN MILITANT: and Farmers Govern- "THAT is THE WEAPON You NEED!" ment. The Premier magazine of International Labor EDITOR: R. PALME DUTT THE WORKER Help Establish "The Labour Monthly contains the kind of in- formation that is badly needed and too often is It Fights Your Battles hard to secure."—Austrailian Worker. Editor: J. Louis ENGDAHL Labor Editor'. H. M. WICKS Cartoons by ROBERT MINOS and ART YOUNG THE DAILY WORKER Contributors include: N. Lenin M. Philips Price G. B. Shaw EVERY week "The Worker" carries a Help raise the $100,000 Fund to start the first and only aggressive, fighting L. Trotsky . J. T. Walton Newbold H. N. Brailsford G. Tchicherin Tom Mann G. D. H. Cole keen and complete review of all politi- working class daily in this country. Make all remittances to Leonid Krassin R. Page Aruot G. Zinoviev William Paul George Lansbury cal and industrial developments here Karl Radek Harry Pollit T. Nosaka and abroad. THE DAILY WORKER CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE N. Bucharin Sen Katayama G. Varga A. Bordiga ITS spirited editorials are reprinted in 1009 North State Street Chicago, Illinois A. Losovsky R. C. Wallhead Henri Barbusse Scott Nearing Robert Williams the leading labor papers of this M. K. Ghandi Art Young Max Beer country. I APPLICATION FOR SHARES OF PREFERED STOCK Shapurji SaklatvalaW. T. Colyer G. Ledebour Evelyn Roy Lewis S. Gannett Clara Zetkin FULL service of the Federated Press DONATION TO THE DAILY WORKER Karl Marx (English translation of address to Communist __^ . THE BAIL WORKER CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE League, 1850.) and the International Press Corre- • J 1009 North State Street, Room 214, Chicago, Illinois Pledge No .. Date The Labour Monthly, one year ' $2.00 spondence. I For the purpose of establishing a WORKERS DAILY The Labor Herald, one year $1.50 I NEWSPAPER the undersigned herewith pays the sum of Attach a dollar bill to this Ad with your I send herewith $ to help publication $ : which shall be deposited with John Total for both magazines . ... $3.50 name and address and "The Worker" will | J. Ballam, Charles E. Ruthenberg and J. Louis Engdahl, come to you regularly every week for six TT-TTT TiATT V wr>B VITT? I Trustees, at the Amalgamated Trust and Savings Bank, Chi- SPECIAL COMBINATION OFFER FOR i±m UA1LX VVUKJSJiK. cago, Illinois; and upon the organization of a corporation to months. I be known as, to wit: THE DAILY WORKER PUBLISHING BOTH MAGAZINES: $2.75 I COMPANY, the undersigned shall receive as original sub- THE WORKER, Name .' scriber shares of Preferred Stock, at five Send subscriptions to the 799 Broadway, New York City I ($5.00) dollars per share, fully paid and non-assessable. Only authorized American representative: I enclose Sl.OJ for six months subscription. Street .- , Name - PHILIP NOVICK, 192 Broadway, Room 15, Name Address New York City. City State. 1 City Published in 162 Buckingham Palace Road, Address London, S.W.I. TSE LABOR HERALD Published monthly at 106 N. La Salle St. Subscription price H.50 per year. The Trade Union Educational League, Publisher*. "Entered as second class matter March 23, 1922, at the postoffice at Chicago, Illinois, under the Act of March 3, 1879."

Vol. II. NOVEMBER, 1923 No. 9 Labor's Chamber of Commerce By Wm. F. Dunne F the convention of the American Federation of L. Unlimited space was at the disposal of the of Labor was a workingclass gathering the reactionaries, and in not a single instance did a I result of its deliberations at Portland could word of criticism of A. F. of L. officials or poli- 2 arouse nothing but black despair on the part of cies creep into the four employer-owned Portland K the left-wing elements in the American labor sheets. The convention responded to this, and movement. It was not a convention of workers, from beginning to end everything of a working- W however, but a gathering of professional labor class character was carefully eliminated from the i-. leaders whose interest in the labor movement is proceedings. So strong was this complex that exactly the same as the heads of any other well- two workingmen, who were one day watching - 3 paying business. Gompers get into his limousine after adjourn- E~* M-« <• o For weeks before the convention it was evident ment, were seized, searched, and man handled by W C that the red menace of Communism was to be the police lieutenant in plain clothes who drove his P .2 made the issue at the Portland meet. The series car; they were suspicious characters, you under- ni H stand, because they did not fit into the picture. < of articles sponsored by the officials of the W United Mine Workers containing an invitation There can be no doubt that the machine was fa to the employers to join hands with the labor frightened at the resolutions for amalgamation, the labor party, and recognition of Russia, that < leaders in stamping out radicalism sounded the key-note of the convention and outlined the policy cropped up from unexpected places. The con- K of the Gompers machine. vention of the Molders' Union, whose president, EH The Portland convention spent its time in hunt- Joseph Valentine, is a member of the Executive O ing heretics and in unseating the writer, who ac- Council of the A. F. of L., had endorsed the W labor party and Russian recognition just as the £ knowledged without equivocation his disbelief in W A. F. of L. went into session. Something like •u the divine character of the officialdom of the CO American labor movement. This proceeding took 13 big International Unions had expressed them- I up almost a whole day of the convention and was selves in favor of one or all of the three proposi- the feature of its sessions. tions at conventions, to say nothing of the State Federations and city central bodies who had taken It was no spontaneous outburst of indignation similar action. The situation was full of dyna- on the part of the delegates, but a carefully pre- mite for an officialdom which is trying to prove pared climax to an official scheme which had for that it loves the wage-system more ardently than its object the defeat of all resolutions dealing with the employers themselves. amalgamation, a labor party, and the recognition The high-salaried businessmen who speak for of Soviet Russia. I was unseated on the second Monday of the convention but as early as the Labor did not give one moments consideration preceding Tuesday the reporters of the capitalist to the idea that fighting against progress is the press had been told by the A. F. of L. publicity job of employers. They hold the same views as agents that I would be unseated; the information do the capitalists who employ the dues-paying workers in the unions, and acted accordingly as was not given, however, to the correspondent of the Federated Press. one knew they would do. Employers are more inclined to deal with organizations that have the Two days before the proceedings against me viewpoint of the masters, so every effort was were started John J. O'Leary, personal press made to convince the employers that Labor hates .agent for Gompers and "labor expert" of the anyone who advances the idea that the present New York World, in a special article in the Port- system is not all it should be,and that labor or- land Oregonian predicted my unseating. ganizations can never achieve power by catering Never at any convention of the Federation has to the employers' love of the capitalist system. there been such close co-operation between the This was the strategy of the convention—to ' capitalist press and the officialdom of the A. F. outdo chambers of commerce, commercial clubs, THE LABOR HERALD November, 1923 November, 1923 THE LABOR HERALD advertising associations, Rotary and Kiwanis U. M. W. A., made the motion for my expulsion sistance in his coming trial growing out of the Hays of the Typographical, Healy of the Sta- clubs, and the bar association, in denunciation after Green had finished his exhortation, and it march of the miners three years ago. He based tionary Engineers, Smart of the Switchmen, and of anything that could be interpreted as un- was only then that it was remembered that the his attack upon my speech and said that, only for Johnston of the Machinists, all spoke for it. American, and into this category were placed report of the educational committee had not yet that, he would have opposed the motion; he stated It can be said, I think, that the offensive against recognition of Soviet Russia, amalgamation, and been put before the convention. That matter was that I was being framed in Michigan just as he the left wing reached its height in Portland. An- the labor party. hurriedly, disposed of and real business resumed. was in West Virginia, but that I had no pkce in other period of industrial depression is just Bureaucrats Squirm Under Criticism Murray denounced me as a Communist and a the convention because of my beliefs; he became around the corner and 'the A. F. of L. now has bitter opponent of the officialdom of the United hysterical and incoherent many times during his To attain this objective the full strength of less than 3,000,000 members; the militants have Mine Workers and of the A. F. of L. Green had speech, his voice rising to a scream in which no brought their program on the convention floor and the Gompers machine was mobilized. The first read extracts from a speech I made at an open days of the session were taken up with religious words could be discerned. I felt genuinely sorry it was necessary to expel one of them to prevent meeting the night before, in which I referred to for him, but he is only another fighter in the ranks the machine from being challenged on all fronts. and patriotic speeches in which radicals were the officialdom as "fat boys" and had stated that flayed. Frank Hodges, whose name will be men- of labor that is ruined to serve the ambitions of Nothing was done that could possibly strengthen "I did not know it would be necessary to throw cowardly and) dishonest officialdom. Labor, except perhaps to endorse the Workers' tioned with a curse by the British workers for anyone out to prove their respectability," and Educational Bureau and that is now safely under many a long day to come in connection with Black further that "these people were more conservative Tracy, of the Brick and Clay Workers, took Friday, warned the convention against the "bor- than the employers." These statements were sup- umbrage at my blue shirt, and used most of his the patronage of the bureaucracy. Trying times ers from within"; Mayor Baker, elected by the posed to prove that I was not a good trade union- time in denouncing Foster. Greenstein, of the are ahead of American Labor and in throttling Klan, and various ministers and relief workers, ist and should be cast into outer darkness. . Jewelry Workers, resurrected the exploded can- proposals advocated by the militants the A. F. of all sounded the same note; the local press played ard about my alleged Ku Klux Elian affiliation L. dynasty has done the one thing necessary to up every such denunciation, and the not too cour- Dunne Lashes the "Fat Boys" but I was given no opportunity to reply. I trust convince the intelligent trade unionists that the ageous delegates were duly impressed. I secured the floor and spoke for about 40 min- that Greenstein has been repaid for his services only hope for American Labor lies in the program Thus the stage was all set by Monday, Oct. 8, utes. I think in justice to myself it is fair to say and is now in good standing with the Gompers of the Trade Union Educational League and in In the report of the educational committee the that never before at an A. F. of L. convention machine after having been out of the A. F. of L. the rallying of the rank and file of the unions, Federated Press was scored as an agency* for the have the bureaucrats of the labor movement heard for two years. around that program for a merciless fight against dissemination of Communist propaganda. Mat- the truth about themselves worded in so clear a any and all officials who oppose it. thew Woll, heir apparent to the throne, speaking manner. I mentioned the fact that Labor is only The vote was overwhelmingly in favor of un- for the committee recommendation, urged the about one-seventh organized in the United States, seating me, but it was not unanimous although convention to unseat me. Bill Green, secretary 'and yet," I said, "you strut around as though every effort was made to have it so. The few of the United Mine Workers, was recognized and you had capitalism by the throat." I told them who braved the machine will undoubtedly suffer opened the case for the prosecution without any that I had heard much boasting of the revocation for their temerity. Among,them were Sillinsky motion being made, the report of the educational of charters but nothing about the spread of or- and Soderberg of the Tailors' International, Ed. committee on the Federated Press being forgot- ganization. I told them that the scriptural prece- Launer of the Paper and Sulphite Workers, Ohls ten in the excitement. The evidence of the in- dent discovered by Green "gave the proceedings of the Wisconsin Federation of Labor, Burns of quisitors consisted of articles, headlines, and edi- a religious atmosphere that was quite in keeping the Tacoma Central Labor Council, Duncan of B - fl A "A = torials in one issue of the Butte Bulletin in which with the heresy-hunting proclivities of the A. F. Seattle, and Stevens of Minneapolis. charges of bribery made by Lewis and Farring- of Li officials." I mentioned the fear for their ton against each other were published. In an good jobs that was expressed in their hostility-to Progressive Measures Strangled editorial I had referred to Lewis in connection amalgamation and the labor party, and told them Following my unseating the work of railroad- with his Herrin publicity as trying "to turn mem- that I did not consider them workers; that they ing amalgamation, the-labor party, and recogni- bers of his union over to the hangman after they were as far removed from the struggles of the tion of Soviet Russia began. The amalgamation had been acquitted by a jury," and while these rank and file as were the employers they sought resolutions were lumped together, the report of excerpts were being read I heard more than one to placate. I told them that it was not the first the committee denounced them as communistic, grunt of approval from the delegates in my vi- time I had faced a white-collared mob bent upon no discussion was permitted, and no roll-call ob- cinity, nor were there any expressions of dis- my destruction and that I had no intention of tained. approval -or anger such as the reactionaries ex- defending anything I had said or done; in a cap- The labor party resolutions met almost the pected; on the contrary, the convention was ex- italist court I would defend myself but not be- same fate, although a number of delegates sup- tremely ssilent and attentive. fore the lackeys of the capitalist class; any state- ported them; they, too, were denounced as un- Green ended his indictment by stating that a ment I might make would be. for the purpose of American and against the interests of the labor precedent for the proceedings could be found in making my position clear and not to apologize movement, but a roll-call was secured neverthe- the scriptures as Lucifer had been expelled from for it. less, and a surprising sentiment in their behalf Heaven. I could not keep from laughing as I Adjournment was had before the discussion was disclosed in spite of the intimidation of the thought of the tremendous wing-surface that was finished and upon convening in the afternoon machine. One vote out of every 13 was cast for would be required for some of these Poland- there occurred what was, to me, the most pitiful the labor party. China-swine-built labor leaders to play the part spectacle of the whole convention. Fred Mooney,. Recognition of Russia also commanded support of angels. Green,also read letters seized by the of West Virginia, one of the U. M. W. A. dele- THE-LABOR HESALD IN JAPAN Department of Justice raid on the office of Fred gates, was forced by the Lewis machine to sup- that surprised the administration after the anti- Merrick in Pittsburgh, which showed that I was port Murray's motion and attack me. He was red offensive was supposed. to have terrorized Cover of a Tokio labor paper, showing how wide-spread in that district during the 1922 strike of the coal placed in the position of doing the bidding of. the every delegate. Gompers and Woll were the only has grown the influence of the T. U. E. L.. Design miners. Phillip Murray, vice-president of the machine or of being deprived of all financial as- ones who took the floor against the resolution. taken from the January 1923, issue of the LABOR HERALD. THE LABOR HERALD November, 1923 November, 1923 THE LABOR HERALD

of amalgamation and it did more to injure that direct slap at that country by amending a resolu- The Decatur Battle movement at Decatur than any other weapon of tion demanding the release of political prisoners the reactionaries. in this country to the effect that those in Russia By Wm. Z. Foster In their fight against amalgamation the reac- should be released also. HE convention of the Illinois State Federa- up a wild anti-red hysteria. He made a bitter tionaries used the same general method, to stir Part of the program of the A. F. of L. is to go tion of Labor, held in Decatur, Sept. 10-16, attack upon me and everything "red" and swept up "red" hysteria. The merits of the proposition along in alliance with the strike-breaking Ameri- T was one of the sharpest and bitterest clashes the convention with him. All the bitterness and were lost sight of altogether. Matthew Woll can Legion. John H. Walker, President of the that have yet taken place between revolutionaries hatred of the reactionaries for revolutionary ideas made a bitter attack against me. I replied with Illinois Federation of Labor showed himself more and reactionaries in the American labor mpve- burst forth during his talk. A wave of terrorism a lengthy speech, which was well-received by the than willing to co-operate in this anti-progressive ment. The latter won heavily. They were well spread through the convention. The merits of the delegation. Then Victor Olander, Secretary of work. In his annual report he devoted 12 closely prepared for the fight. For months previous to resolution were lost sight of. The issue was Com- the State Federation, made a two hours' speech. printed pages to lauding the work of the Legion. the convention they had been drumming up their munism versus Capitalism. Denying me the right By the clock he devoted a full hour and a half to He wound up by saying: forces, with the result that when the gathering to reply to Nelson's slanderous statements, the a personal attack' on me. The rest was slobber. I therefore recommend that this convention go on Olander is a. cunning politician and *he utilized record as recommending that our members who are assembled it was by far the largest convention stampeded convention was rushed to a vote on eligible to membership in this organization, join it and ever held by any State Federation. Almost 700 the labor party proposition, which was lost by a his wits to the utmost in assailing me. Character where, in communities that have sufficient numbers to delegates were in attendance, of whom at least vote announced to be 456 against 65. assasination was his method. He built up the be able to maintain such a post, that they apply for 300 were paid officials. The Milk Wagon Drivers most elaborate frame-work of falsehoods about charters for trade union posts. of Chicago, for example, sent 43 delegates, their The Amalgamation Fight my activities that it has ever been my doubtful To grease the skids for this reactionary pro- full quota, at $25.00 per day per man. The pleasure to listen to. I let him go ahead unin- position the Commander of the Illinois branch of Encouraged by their success with the labor terrupted. The night before John H. Walker the American Legion was invited to speak. As whole delegation of Chicago teamsters numbered party issue, the reactionaries determined to finish 120, who voted as a unit against every progressive had promised me, with much emotion, that he soon as he had finished a delegate hopped up and the "reds" forthwith. They reported next on realized I was up against a hard fight and that he, moved that the work of the Legion be endorsed. proposition. The reactionaries were determined the amalgamation resolution, not to concur. This to beat .the revolutionaries at all costs. as Chairman, would give me ample opportunity to This created a furor. Instantly a dozen delegates provoked the bitterest fight of the convention. reply to my detractors. So, foolishly, I believed took the floor in opposition. Among them was a This measure was the one above all that the re- The Labor Party Fight he would keep his word and give me a chance to miner who declared that in his town at that very actionaries were determined to defeat. They had reply to Olander. But when the latter finished minute the American Legion was breaking a strike. The first big battle and the decisive one for the made elaborate preparations. First, there was the his mass of lies and I demanded my undoubted Seeing the opposition, Walker asked that the whole convention occurred on a resolution calling great gathering together of delegates to jam the right to answer them, Walker denied me that whole matter be held in abeyance until the con- upon the American Federation of Labor to change convention. Then, a letter was got from Mr. right and he took the floor himself. It was a vention came to consider his report later on. its constitution so as to permit the organization Gompers in which the latter, in diplomatic lang- good illustration of his sense of honor and fair- This was done. But when in due time the com- of a labor party. This resolution, with small uage, practically told the State Federation to keep ness. Walker spoke for half an hour, combatting mittee reported about the Legion it ducked the changes, had been earlier submitted to the Chi- its hands off such broad issues as amalgamation amalgamation in principle. As he talked tears issue by first praising the Legion and then advo- cago Federation of Labor and passed unanimously as they were outside its jurisdiction, a hint which streamed down his face and his voice was broken. cating that trade union ex-soldiers join some by it at the instance of left wing delegates and the committee followed in recommending non- Though what he was crying about few could ex-service men's organization. Denouncing this then-sent on to the Illinois Federation of Labor. concurrence. Besides, Mr. Gompers sent the figure out, except it was that in this convention evasion as hypocritical, a delegate moved an Crown Prince, Matthew Woll, to attack amalga- The resolution committee recommended non-con- the pressure from the Gompers machine had amendment to carry a straight endorsement of the mation in person at the convention. In addition,' currence and the fight was on. Various reaction- forced him publicly to repudiate practically every Legion. This was tabled and the motion carried aries put forth the usual twaddle which passes the flambouyant series of six articles issued by principle he had ever stood for. When Walker as proposed by the committee. Walker, the so- the Mine Workers' Union had been timed to ap- for argument with them. Then John H. Walker, finished at least forty delegates rose to speak, but called progressive, was badly compromised in this long known as an advocate of independent work- pear just at this strategic convention and all the right in their teeth the debate was cut off and the affair. Not even the ultra reactionary convention reactionary officials had copies of them. But the ing class political action and formerly National amalgamation resolution rushed to a vote. It lost would go as far as he in setting up an organic most effective of all their weapons was an anti- Chairman of the Farmer Labor Party, shocked by 313 to 80. Great resentment was expressed alliance with the anti-Labor American Legion. the convention by arguing in principle "against the amalgamation statement issued by John Fitzpat- by many delegates at these shameless steam-roller labor party. He urged that all parties and groups rick and Edward Nockels of the Chicago Federa- tactics. State Political Action in the United States vigorously apply the Gompers tion of Labor. Reactionaries all through the labor The question of independent working class policy of rewarding friends and punishing enem- movement have greeted this statement with great Soviet Russia — American Legion political action in Illinois came up under two ies. He declared that it was by this method that joy, and well they may for it is no less than a In several previous conventions the Illinois heads. The first was in the form of a resolution the British Labor Party had been built and that repudiation of amalgamation by these two men Federation of Labor endorsed the recognition of demanding that the Illinois Federation organize by it also the labor party would come in this who were supposed to be its champions. The Soviet Russia. But this ultra reactionary con- a state labor party under its jurisdiction. This country. After him, I got the floor and spoke. statement was carefully timed to do all possible vention repudiated it. Victorious, the old guard had the backing of the Federated Farmer-Labor Then the crash came. For three days the con- damage to the amalgamation fight. It appeared overwhelmed this proposal along with all the Party. It was beaten by the usual vote. The vention had been under the utmost tension ex- in the current issue of the official organ of the other hated "red" measures. And worse yet, next was a recommendation by Walker that the pecting the great battle against the "reds." The Illinois Federation of Labor and was distributed many progressive delegates in the convention, Joint Legislative Board (the typical Gompers newspapers were full of stories about it and much to the delegates at the very instant that the reso- firm believers in Soviet Russia but disgruntled machine for lobbying and rewarding political excitement prevailed. The speaker following me, lutions committee was reporting on the amalga- at the fiasco made by their Farmer-Labor Party friends) be continued and financed afresh. Lillian Oscar Nelson, Vice-President of the Chicago mation proposition. By their early support of at the famous July conference and eager to get Herstein opened a vigorous battle against this. Federation of Labor and a confirmed reactionary, amalgamation Fitzpatrick and Nockels helped the revenge, were weak enough to vote with the re- She was one of the very few members of the released this tension and gave the keynote to the cause greatly. But that sin is now off their heads. actionaries. Not only did the convention vote Farmer-Labor Party at the convention who stood whole convention. A powerful speaker, he stirred Their recent statement was a dagger in the back against recognizing Russia, but it also took a by the principles of progress and did not allow 8 THE LABOR HERALD November, 1923 November, 1923 THE LABOR HERALD herself to be driven into the camp of the reac- these vital measures? If so they are in for a rude tionaries. She nearly wrecked Walker's project. awakening. The only effect of their defection Molders9 Union for Progress When the viva voce vote was taken the volume will be to practically give the revolutionaries a of "noes" was so heavy that even the reactionary monopoly on these great and burning issues, it By D. B. Roberts will merely strengthen our grip inevitably among Chairman, who would have been glad to call the HE 26th Convention of the International them in the face, and bowed to the inevitable, thing carried if he had dared, had to announce the rank and file. Our progressive friends may Molders' Union, held in Cleveland the last trying to save their faces with an amendment. himself in doubt as to the result. He called for recover as quickly as they please from their pres- T weeks of September and the first week in But the Convention had clearly registered its a rising vote. When this was taken a remarkable ent acute attack of respectability, which expresses October, marked a distinct break of this old or- illustration was given of the state of mental ter- itself by a shameful surrender to Gompers. opinion on this vital matter. A resolution against ganization with its conservative past, and set its Fascism was adopted unanimously. rorism prevailing in the convention. Only 83 Whether they like it or not the revolutionary feet on the road of progress. Feeling the de- delegates actually ventured to stand up to be minority, in the future as in the past, will be termined character of the delegates present, the Support of the Mooney-Billings Defense was voted unanimously. Tom Mooney had been elected counted, although at least 300 must have voted found in every trade union convention identifying old officials yielded after a fight and, by allowing "no" in the vocal vote. themselves with and fighting valiantly for amal- the measures presented by the revolutionists to as a delegate to this Convention by his Local, gamation, the labor party, and recognition of pass, they managed to stave off an upheaval that San Francisco, by a vote of 555 out of a total A Few of the Lessons Soviet Russia. At the present time the only ele- would have lost them their jobs. Practically the 601. The Convention, reversing the former re- ment in the United State that is making a real In many respects the convention was a wonder- entire program of the T. U. E. L. was endorsed actionary stand of the Union, voted Mooney full fight for these measures is exactly this revolution- ful gathering. For one thing it was a striking by the actions of the Convention, including amal- confidence and $1,000 donation to the Mooney" ary minority. And it will continue to be so. The illustration of the great fear in which the reac- gamation, the Labor Party, organize the unorgan- Defense. Then, to put their final seal of ap- progressives will eventually be compelled to go tionaries hold the Trade Union Educational ized, recognition of Soviet Russia, and other proval upon Mooney, they elected him their dele- along with that fight. By trotting back to Gom- League, which means the vital policies that our measures relating to the Molders. gate to the A. F. of L. Convention. It was a pers and allowing themselves to be made tools of organization advocates. The tremendous prepara- great demonstration of solidarity and revolution- by his reactionary machine, as they did at De- Amalgamation was attacked viciously by the tions they made to fill up the convention, and the ary spirit, and will be a help in the fight for catur, they are not only rendering themselves reactionaries early in the Convention. They in- frantic efforts they made to terrorize the dele- Mooney's release from San Quentin Prison. ridiculous but are also betraying the most sacred troduced a resolution against amalgamation, but gates by strirring up "red" hysteria were eloquent interests of the working class. it was voted down unanimously. So the officials, The climax to the struggle between reaction- proofs of that. Matthew Woll tipped off the Many reactionaries believe that they decisively afraid to report out the amalgamation resolution aries and the militants fighting for the program hand of the reactionaries when he referred to the beaf*the League militants at Decatur. This is presented from St. Louis, brought in one of their of the Trade Union Educational League, came article recently appearing in the LABOR HERALD, nonsense. The Decatur convention was only one own which put the Convention "on record as in a proposal from the officials to amend the con- entitled "Gompers Faces Triple Revolt" and point- round in a long fight that must go on until the favoring a more progressive movement towards stitution so that they could bring charges against ing the mass character of the present movement labor movement is revolutionized. The workers amalgamation of all metal trades," and providing for amalgamation, the labor party, and recognition any member and try him before the executive in Illinois, particularly the 100,000 coal miners, that other metal trades should equalize their dues of Soviet Russia. He admitted the validity of board. The purpose was to obtain the power to are largely tinged with radicalism. They will not with the Molders. The militants pointed out the our claims that these are the three measures most throw out the militants, as the Ladies' Garment accept the verdict of Decatur. They will gird underhanded attempt to sabotage amalgamation threatening to Gompersism by demanding an over- Workers' officials are attempting to do. But the their loins for a fresh struggle next year against by making "provisos" but the reactionaries, by whelming defeat of them at the convention. The Convention would have nothing of this disruptive the reactionaries. Although the Decatur con- yielding to the principle of amalgamation which direct and terrific opposition of the reactionaries design. They turned the proposition down, and vention was an historic one, that next year in was a tremendous tribute to the power and influ- was thus unanimously adopted, succeeded in get- by an overwhelming majority adopted the prop- Peoria will be even more epoch-making. The ence of the Trade Union Educational League. ting their resolution passed. osition made by Delegate Blome, of St. Louis, militants will assemble there in larger numbers Fifty-six years ago the Molders stood for the placing the power of discipline over individual Another striking and instructive feature of the and more determined than ever to put the Illinois convention was the attitude of the so-called pro- labor movement upon a constructive and progres- Labor Party idea; since that time until the Cleve- members entirely in the hands of the local unions. gressive elements, mostly affiliated with or sym- sive basis. land Convention they have been solid against it. The rank and file must vigilantly defend this vic- pathetic to the Farmer-Labor Party. They were The resolution for a national Labor Party was tory, and immediately stop any disruptive moves sore because, due to their own stupidity, their discussed for a whole day, with the officialdom from the officials now that the Convention is party was wrecked-at the July conference. Hence fighting it viciously. On a Toll-call vote it was over. they were determined to get even with the hated A most vital task in forwarding the carried by a vote of 185 against 158, a majority The tremendous progress of the past year "reds" whom they blame for their discomfiture. T. U. E. L. program is to establish the of 27 for the Labor Party. This was a bitter pill among the rank and file, brought about by the So they plumped right into the arms of Gompers. League finances. This is easily done for Frey, chief spokesman for Gompers in the militants and revolutionists working in harmony They would not vote for amalgamation, the labor through the sale of Sustaining Fund Cer- Convention. A resolution for "organizing the un- with the T. U. E. L., was thus registered in a party, or recognition of Russia (though they be- tificates to members and sympathisers. organized" was carried without opposition; the great victory in the Molders' Convention. But lieve in all three) simply because the "reds" pro- Every group secretary and League cor- old guard seemed to feel that if they could keep this is only a beginning. If it is not to be lost posed the resolutions or identified themselves respondent can assist mightily, in this the offices they could interpret the resolution to again, and the Union fall once more into a slough with them. What a silly attitude, what an ostrich work by making the Sustaining Fund a suit themselves. They will find, however, that of reaction, the militants must now work harder policy. Such pseudo progressives do not realize the regular order of business. Certificates than ever. So long as the reactionaries control patent fact that these great measures correspond resolutions of this kind which are being adopted that have been sent out should be sold. all through the labor movement, will force them the administrative machinery of the Union, just to the most urgent needs of the working class so long is there a constant menace to all pro- N-ew supplies can be obtained upon re- into action before long. and that the latter must adopt them whether they quest. The League depends upon every gressive policies. Now is the time to prepare are proposed by respectables or not. Do the pro- member to do his part. Recognition of Soviet Russia was adopted by for the next Convention, where the Molders can gressives believe that because of their frowns the a strong vote, over the bitter opposition of John be brought into the very forefront of the fight despised radicals will abandon the advocacy of P. Frey. Again the old guard saw defeat staring for trade union progress. IO THE LABOR HERALD November, 1923 November, 1923 THE LABOR HERALD ii

the opposition. The election law, which this time the continuation of their contemptible anti-Com- Revolutionary Unionism in Germany worked out to the disadvantage of the revolution- munist campaign. ary members, will, the next time, reduce the in- By Fritz Heckert The Factory Councils fluence of the reformists to nothing, because it Do the elections in the Metal and Textile Un- YSTEMATIC work towards revolutionizing were cast for their candidates than for the 247 will turn the preponderance of the revolutionary ions merely indicate that the revolutionists have the German trade union movement is of re- of the reformists. This is made clear by the votes overwhelmingly against the reformists. The succeeded in these organizations because of ex- S cent growth. Before the war, a little was election method. There is no proportional elec- proportional election system, which we have long ceptional conditions? We answer a vigorous done in this direction, but it was planless. Only tion. In several ways the intrenched majority fought for and which brings democracy into the "No." This is proved by a third example, the at the end of the year 1919 did we come to fully have the best of it. In many places the reform- union, the reformists can no longer oppose, but factory councils as leaders in the general strike appreciate the importance of the trade unions in ists, despite small majorities, captured the whole must champion unless they are to be defeated movement. altogether. the revolutionary movement. The way to go at delegation. The election showed, however, that Several times the factory councils in Germany the task was only slowly worked out. For a long in those centers where the Communists were vic- Election to Textile Workers' Convention have tried to organize the will of the workers for time there was much doubt whether the attempt torious they had heavy majorities over the re- a common struggle and against the will of the to conquer the trade unions for revolutionary formists. In Berlin the Communist ticket got If the bourgeoisie were disturbed at the elec- trade union bureaucracy. Until now all these ef- principles and tactics was not an effort to ac- 54,000 votes as against 22,000 for the reformists. tion in the Metal Workers' Union, they were hor- forts have failed. Always the bureaucrats have complish the impossible. But finally, through the In Aue, 4,700 revolutionaries against 1,200 re- rified by that among the Textile Workers. They sought to choke the factory councils and to stop 'many defeats of the German workers, caused by formists. In Essen, the same condition prevailed. expected that the Metal Workers' would show a their movement. According to them, the factory the betrayal of the reformist trade union leaders, On the other hand, the reformists in Chemnitz radical result, but they considered these workers councils were only tools in the hands of the Com- we came to understand that the unions had to be got 10 delegates with only 8,500 against 7.900, an exception. But now there is the result of the munists wherewith to throw the workers into mis- conquered if the victory of the revolution was to in Dresden 12 delegates with 10,300 against 7.500, Textile Workers' Convention election. And Stin- ery. Unfortunately, the bureaucracy, in this re- be achieved. But still it was a long while before and in Leipzig 9 delegates with 8,200 against nes' organ, the Deutsche All'gemeine Zeitung, spect, were almost completely successful, includ- a uniform conception developed as to how this 7,600. The general result shows that the Com- says, "The Textile Workers' Union has been con- ing the last time in the Fall of 1922, to sabotage could be done. Even now, some mistakes are munists cast a majority of votes and received a quered by the Communists with a crushing major- the factory council movement, and to condemn made and hinder systematic progress. .And so it minority of delegates. ity." Then follow alarm cries.- That paper be- the factory council congress as a wild attempt to is in all countries, so it is in all groups which The reformists tried to make this into a big lieves that all will be lost unless repressive meas- organize a Communist putsch. The bureaucracy acknowledge the Red International of Labor Un- victory for Amsterdam over Moscow. But the ures are taken against the Communists at once. followed up these attacks by having the employers ions. At the session of the Enlarged Executive capitalists see quite clearly the tremendous growth The faith in reformism as a dam against the rev- discipline the workers, especially the revolutionary of the R. I. L. U. in June of this year, the prin- of revolutionary influence and say "that the day olutionary flood has collapsed. militants. It appeared as if the trade union bu- ciple of winning the trade unions was strongly is not far off when the German Metal Workers' We have not as yet definite results about the reaucrats would succeed permanently in isolating endorsed, the experiences of many countries, par- Union will fall into the hands of the Commun- entire election. The Textile Workers' election is the revolutionary advance guard from the work- ticularly Germany, being cited in support of it. ists." An important feature was that whereas more overwhelming than in the Metal Workers' ing masses. Election to Metal Workers' Convention in previous elections only a small section of the Union. Moreover, in that organization we had But the great strike movement, which began on The Metal Workers' Union is the largest labor workers took part in the elections, this time an a much weaker revolutionary apparatus and were Friday, August 10th, ended with a complete bank- organization in the world, with 1,600,000 mem- extra-ordinarily large figure was reached. Form- not in position to carry on so great and wide- ruptcy of the reformist tactic. Then the Amster- bers. Including almost one-fourth of all mem- erly, if 10% of the members participated in the spread an election propaganda as among the Me- dam bureaucrats saw their following desert them bers in the German Federation of Trade Unions election it was considered a good average. But tal Workers. Which makes the result all the more wholesale. They tried to find one consolation, and comprising a very intelligent body of work- now, 40%, 50%, 60%, and even 70% partici- surprising. In this union, as in the Metal Work- that the Communists could not get control of the ers, it is a most important factor for the German pated. In many places the elections took on the e;rs, great numbers took part in the election. The masses. They said, "We know that we no longer revolution. No wonder that the reformists use character of parliamentary elections, big meet- reformist leaders realized early that the votes of have the masses in hand. We know that this every effort to hold this union fast and do all ings being held and every effort made to bring the workers would be unfavorable to the officials movement has escaped our control. But we also possible to defeat the revolutionists, who also re- out the voters. of the organization. Therefore, they got most know that you Communists have been shoved on alize the importance of the union and do all they The election would have had a much more fa- of their candidates out of the shops in order to one side just as we have been and that Syndical- can to win it for their cause. In September, the vorable outcome for the Communists had the create a better situation for themselves. But this istic and Kappistic elements have become the Convention of the Metal Workers took place. latter had a better organization, as compared to helped them in only a few cases. Wherever the leaders of the masses in this wild and senseless This gathering decided not only the policy of the the established machine of the reformists. With Communists nominated candidates they were movement. But before one week has passed, we Metal Workers for two years, but also, to a great equal conditions prevailing in this respect, the elected by overwhelming majorities. There are will, see that you" Communists are not only settled extent, that of other organizations. If the revo- reformists would have suffered an overwhelming places in which the revolutionary majority was but also that the movement ends in a blind alley. lutionary opposition could carry the Metal Work- defeat. Another disadvantage was that in many five times or more as great as the reformist mi- Then our hour will come, then the masses will ers' Union, that meant a turning point in the centers numbers of metal workers are no longer nority. Especially crushing were the defeats for realize that we were right and that you Com- whole German labor movement. This opinion members of the union, because they have organ- a number of union officials, which, in many places, munists, once again in a most difficult hour, have prevailed in the elections. Both sides, the revo- ized in separate unions, believing they can thus often received 5% or less of the total number of criminally betrayed the working people." Upon lutionary minority and the bureaucratic machine, fight better for the revolution. votes cast. The weakness of the revolutionary our demands that the reformist leaders should made the utmost efforts to elect delegates. Although the reformists have the majority, still fractions in a number of textile centers made it place themselves at the head of the movement for At present writing the full results of the elec- they will have no opportunity to push through impossible for these to nominate candidates or to the overthrow of the Cuno government and the tion are not yet in. Of 402 mandates, however, their reactionary policies. No longer can they carry on propaganda. Only this fact will give the accomplishment of an existence minimum for the the Communists have won 145 while the reform- change the Union laws in their favor, since they administration of the Textile Union the possi- working class, instead of deserting the workers ists got 247. The Communists have not cap- lack the necessary two-thirds of the delegates. bility of still being able to control a small major- as they were, they answered only with insulting tured the majority, but a greater number of votes They will be compelled to make concessions to ity, but not the possibility to use this majority to attacks. 12 THE LABOR HERALD November, 1923 November, 1923 THE LABOR HERALD

In spite of the monster difficulties which we man proletariat have won in the struggle under encountered, we did not become discouraged in the leadership of the Communist Party. Reactionaries Smashing Ladies Garment Workers the least by the attitude of the reformists. De- Again 13,000 factory councils gathered. Rag- By Earl R. Browder terminedly we set ourselves at the head of the ing with anger, they condemned the new treason movement, giving it voice and expression. In CYNICALLY and cold-bloodedly, the reac- of the Union. In spite of his threats and viola- of the trade union bureacracy. But they endorsed tionary officialdom of the International La- tions of the law, the Committee returned a verdict one gigantic meeting of 12,000 factory councils unanimously the proposals of the strike commit- of greater Berlin, of which at last one-half were dies' Garment Workers' Union have en- in favor of the left-wing militants by a-vote of 5 tee. Only a few votes were cast against its dis- gaged in a campaign of expulsions, disfranchise- to 1. But by disfranchising 16 out of 35":mem- Social-Democrats, the spontaneous movement was solution. In earlier movements, each time the organized and placed under the control of a cen- ments, and czaristic dictatorship, which threatens bers of the Joint Board, Perlstein succeeded, betrayed workers answered by tearing up their the very life of that great organization. Under through coercion and corruption, in getting 11 tral strike committee. The bureaucracy were so trade union books and by deserting their organ- the direct leadership of Abe Cahan, of the Jewish of the remaining 19 to overthrow the decision of overwhelmed by the growth of the movement and izations, because the deceived workers, after such by the submission of the fighting masses of work- Daily Forward, and in close co-operation with the trial committee. Then he expelled the mem- struggles, lent willing ears to the promises of dual bers by executive order. Immediately after he ers to the direction of this central strike commit- Gompers, this conspiracy has reached its height organizations, which finally got the blame for the expelled 9 more, including Dora Lipshutz, I. Lit- tee, that they abandoned the effort to save the in the expulsion of 11 old-time members of the destroyed trade unions. In this movement, noth- Chicago unions, the forcible removal of 19 out of vinsky, J. Terry, J. Goldman, Jennie Schwartz, Cuno government. They sought to save what ing of the kind took place. The preachers of dual Clara Gabin, Sam Cohen, Nathan Bosen, and they could. Cuno fell, and with him the Min- 25 officers of Local 22, New York, expulsions unions were this time simply silenced and the Hymen Fogel, all of them without trial or even ister of Transport, General Groener, the man and suspensions in Boston, Philadelphia, Cleve- slogan of the strike commission, to save the trade land, and other places, the use of thugs and gun- pretence of trial. who in the great January strike of 1918 called the unions from the hands of the reformist bureauc- men, the breaking up of local union meetings, This opening gun in the war against progress striking workers "dog food," and whom not even racy and to strengthen them for better struggles the storm waves of the revolution could drive denial of the right to talk, to read, to think, and was quickly followed by a general letter from the against the employing class, was adopted without even to work. Along with this has gone the most from his office. The economic demands of the International Executive Board, signed by Sigman opposition. vicious newspaper campaign of lies, slander, in- and Baroff, president and secretary, calling upon workers were no longer repudiated with con- timidation, and intellectual prostitution that has tempt, but great concessions were made. This Already in many parts of the country, in which all locals to expel members of the Trade Union the workers carried on the fight, the news comes ever been witnessed in the American labor move- Educational League. But everywhere the rank and first success of the mass movement made it pos- that a big increase in the trade union membership ment. file refused to follow the reactionaries. In not a , sible once again for the bureaucracy to pull the has taken place. In this, however, the reformist Beginning the Expulsions single instance did any local union take action- most backward elements of the workers away bureaucracy finds no pleasure, for out of millions The reactionaries felt around in New York against the left-wingers—and a logical thing that from the fighting front. Seeing the danger, and of throats comes the cry, "Clean the trades unions is, because in the local unions the left wing is in order to preserve the unity of the workers and Philadelphia to find the most favorable place of all treasonable functionaries." The German to start their expulsions. But the workers in respected and trusted. So the bureaucracy swung for future struggles, and to make it impossible workers are determined to win their trade unions into action again. In New York they arbitrarily for the reformist bureaucracy to bring about fur- those cities were on their guard, owing to pre- for the revolutionary struggle. And they will vious attacks by the right-wing elements. So removed Rose Wolkowitz from the Joint Board. ther division in the ranks of the workers, the prove that the way which the Red International In Boston, Cleveland, and Philadelphia, they central strike committee called off the strike. In Mayer Perlstein, vice-president, was sent to Chi- of Labor Unions recommends to its followers is cago to begin the war. There he found the Un- rushed about cooking up charges to place against this respect must be noted the great confidence not only possible but leads quicker to the end ions running along in comparative harmony, or- the advocates of amalgamation. The whole union which the revolutionary functionaries of the Ger- sought than the boldest dared believe. ganizational work being carried on, and the left- was thrown into a turmoil of protest. wing militants taking a most active part in jthe work of the union, devoting their efforts outside Carmen's Hall Shooting of shop-hours to the union without pay. Perl- The expelled members in Chicago appealed to Join the "Daily Worker Boosters" stein is on record himself to this effect. He is their local unions to enter protest against Perl- HE proposed publication of THE trial group of the League should send dele- also on record that he came to Chicago for the stein's strong-arm methods. His answer was the DAILY WORKER in Chicago, pledged gates to the City Committee in each center specific purpose of starting expulsions of these appointment of a "Committee of Ten" to prevent r' to fight for the program of the Trade which has charge of the campaign. satne workers. He called an organization cam- all discussion of his czarist rule. His agents Union Educational League, was greeted by paign, and the left-wing elements immediately broke up the local union meetings to prevent mo- (3) League delegates to DAILY WORKER tions of protest from being adopted. As a final a resolution at the Second General Confer- city committees should assist in forming a took him at his word and intensified the cam- ence, Sept. 1-2, which pledged our "undi- paign to bring the unorganized into the union. recourse to bring their case before the member- trade union sub-committee, the duty of ship, the expelled members called a mass meeting vided support of the Daily Worker Cam- which shall be to make a survey, of the trade But this manoeuvre of Perlstein's was only a paign Committee in its efforts to raise a means of putting the workers off their guard. in Ashland Auditorium, also known as Carmen's unions in their locality, to organize an in- Hall. $100,000. fund to establish THE DAILY tensive campaign to sell stock to all sympa- In the midst of the organization campaign, WORKER/'' thizers, and to prepare a general campaign elections occurred. The left-wing advocates of The meeting in Carmen's Hall was an historic to sell stock to the unions themselves. amalgamation and the labor party, were elected one. Those in charge had not expected more It is now the task of all members and in a majority of the offices, all of them members than 400 or 500 members, about the number of sympathisers of the League to put this reso- We issue this statement in the. full confi- of years' standing and trusted .in the work of the dence that every member of the League will regular attendants at local meetings. Instead of lution into effect. This can best be done union. Perlstein immediately began his disrup- that, and in spite of an exceedingly stormy night, through the following methods. work with line-easing energy and determina- tion to make the DAILY WORKER campaign tion. He brought charges against I. L. David- fully half the membership of Chicago appeared, son and Alex Kanevsky, and had a trial com- (1) Each member of the League should a complete success and, especially to develop and the committee had to hastily arrange to open mittee appointed. In the proceedings that fol- subscribe to at least one share of stock. the full support of friendly trade unions. the great Auditorium to.accommodate the crowd. lowed, Perlstein violated every safeguard thrown The officials had their "Committee of Ten" on (2) Each local general group and indus- NATIONAL COMMITTEE up for protection of the membership by the Laws hand, together with a collection of Chicago's THE LABOR HERALD November, 1923 November, 1923- THE LABOR HERALD notorious gunmen. These endeavored to break trades center. The one in New York City, held through the A. F. of L. and Foster, as secretary- union floor, place fines of $25 to $100 against up the meeting by interruptions and disturbances, in Rutgers Square, Sept. 8, was attended by 10,- treasurer of the Strike Committee, in making out them, and terrorize them in every conceivable and'kept matters in a turmoil of noise and con- 000 workers. The reactionaries had overplayed the testimonial, in 1920, had been forced to write way. In Local 18 of Chicago, J, Gerber was fined fusion for over an hour, until the manager of the their hand, and the rank and file were united into to Baroff, of the I. L. G. W. U., asking him the $50 by ruling of Perlstein for signing a petition hall threatened to call the police if they were not a great demonstration against the Fascist-like tac- amount of their donation, to which Baroff had for reinstatement of the expelled, and M. Krein- quiet. The meeting proceeded under difficulties, tics and against the expulsions. The officialdom replied that is was $65,000. These facts were dell was fined $25 for handing out a circular. with great demonstrations from the 2,000 people was immediately placed on the defensive. They well known to the I. L. G. W. U. officials, and Both were deprived of the floor and privilege of present. disavowed the shooting. They got Ed. Nockels the error on their part in 1920 had never been holding office for 2 years. This is but a sample Late in the evening Wm. Z. "Foster was called of the Chicago Federation, who was sore over the corrected by them in spite of Foster's requests. of a thousand happenings of a similar nature, upon to speak, inasmuch as the reactionaries had formation of the Federated Farmer-Labor Party, Now they thought they could use it to cast doubt unexampled in their audacity and cynicism, oc- publicly connected his name with the expulsions. to say the shots were blanks, although Nockels upon Foster. curring throughout the I. L. G. W. U. In Local Foster had just named Abe Cahan as the "man never made an investigation and refused an offer Luckily, Foster is a foresighted person, and he 22, New York, 19 out of 25 members of the Joint behind" the expulsions, when a door at the side to present him with the evidence in the case. Then, had taken care to preserve Baroff's original letter, Board recently elected, have been removed by of the hall was thrown open and three shots were when they could not stick to that story in the especially as the "error" had been of a nature not executive order. fired at the platform in rapid succession. The face of statements from the Chicago police, they easily explained. A photograph of the letter was gunmen instantly fled. The committee and Fos- said that Foster had arranged for the shots to published in the Freiheit and the Worker, to- Out-Czaring the Czar be fired at himself for publicity purposes. gether with Foster's complete answer to Yanov- ter upon the platform, and the floor committee, Probably the most outrageous proceeding of sky challenging the officials to (1) partici- by presence of mind and quick action, averted a In Justice, official organ of the I. L. G. W. U. all, however, has been the suppression of the right administration, appeared a 3,000 word editorial stampede which would surely have resulted in the pate in a committee to investigate the shooting, to petition the General Executive Board. Even on Sept. 7, by S. Yanovsky, editor, making this (2) acknowledge the truth about the $65,000 loss of many lives. It was a criminal act beyond the Czar of Russia allowed his miserable serfs to charge, and asking Foster a list of questions. The the expectations of anyone. It betrayed the des- testimonial, and (3) accept a mutual investiga- petition for redress of greivances. But not so tion of the financial accounts of the organiza- peration with which the reactionaries had deter- first and chief question was a charge that Foster Sigman, Perlstein & Co. When friends of the tions. mined to go any length to crush the left-wing. had given the L L. G. W. U. a testimonial for expelled members in Chicago, denied all demo- But if Sigman, Perlstein & Co. expected to in- $65,000 donation to the Steel Strike in 1919 when Yanovsky Confesses cratic procedure in the unions, began to circulate but $60,000 had been given, indicating that Fos- timidate the amalgamationists by their rough- Four weeks later, Oct. 5, Justice carried a "per- petitions for their re-instatement, the first move ter's accounts had been irregular. The truth of stuff, they were sorely disappointed. Great mass sonal statement" from Yanovsky about the chal- to stop it was the publication in the Forward, re- the matter was, that the donation had been made meetings of protests were held in every needle lenge. The first point is ignored entirely—they actionary Jewish daily, a "warning" that agents want to forget the shooting. On the second, he of the manufacturers were endeavoring to pro- makes a cringing confession, forced by the re- cure an injunction by getting signatures from the production of the letter from Baroff, that "I ad- shops and that no one should sign anything as it mit that on this point I was under an entirely would probably be for that purpose but disguised wrong impression," and pleading that he had de- as a petition for the expelled members. Next pended upon ex-President Schlesinger's word in Perlstein published an advertisement over his the matter. On'the third point, he says, "even name, ordering all shop-chairmen to prevent the if he had not placed that condition (a mutual in- circulation of petitions, leaflets, etc., and sale of vestigation) we would have now declined to look tickets or solicitation of subscriptions for the into his books." It is a complete confession of Freiheit, and to stop from work any one violat- bad faith and gross dishonesty in the entire at- ing the order. He also prohibited all members tack, and the membership of the I. L. G. W. U. from reading, talking, or in any way acting in has understood it as such. regard to the expulsions, on pain of dismissal In the meantime, notwithstanding the growing from the shops. • He backed this order up by storm of resentment in the membership and their placing, fines against some members who dis- own public discredit, the bureaucrats continue the obeyed the instructions. war against the militant rank and file. The local From the local unions the fight is now being unions have stood solid against the wrecking tac- carried into the shops. The union officials de- tics, and refused to approve them. Meeting after clare that they are going to push through their meeting has been broken up by the officials to arbitrary policy even if it is necessary to smash prevent the passage of motions of protest. In the union in so doing. All shop meetings are now Local 22, New York, the president Sigman, him- broken up if the officials are questioned in any self attending to obtain approval for his course, way or called to account on their wild issuance the membership voted him down overwhelmingly. of "orders" and "rulings." Threats are freely In Philadelphia the dressmakers voted 3 to 1 strewn about that soon will begin wholesale dis- to repudiate his demands. In Cleveland the Joint charges from employment unless the orders are Board laid his communication on the table. obeyed unquestioningly. An open alliance with But with arbitrary ruling, disregarding all con- the employers is in preparation for the purpose stitutional limitations- on their power, the admin- of carrying out this disgraceful program. Great protest mass meeting of International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union members, Rutgers istration continues to lay charges against mem- On Oct. 2, the G. E. B. removed 19 members Square, New York City, Sept. 8, addressed by Wm. Z. Foster bers, deprive them of office, rule them off the of the executive board of Local 22, New York. i6 THE LABOR HERALD November, 1923 November, 1923 THE LABOR HERALD 17

Those removed were Bessie-Berlin, Jennie Davis, signed a petition for the reinstatement of the The 8-hour day was supposed to have been won. There was not the slightest reason for the Mrs. Giterman, Lena Klein, Jos Weisberg, D. expelled. But in many instances reports show that the 8- United Mine Workers of America to thus give Marasov, Ida Padger, Mile Rosen, Sam Warens, In this crisis in the I. L. G. W. U., the honest hour day is being applied on the split-shift basis, in to the coal operators on these most vital issues. Rose Wolkowitz, Sam Weiner, Aaron Steinberg, workers are joining hands together in a great four hours work, four hours lay-off, and then The anthracite miners could have won all their Bella Ratford, Harry Osofsky, Sarah Derner, and movement under the slogan, "For the Unity of four hours work again, forcing the miner to demands if their leadership had been determined. Sonia Scheikin. One of the six who were not the International Ladies' Garment Workers Un- actually spend the same 12-hours as he formerly John L. Lewis has admitted this himself. He expelled, Sonia Blum, immediately resigned, re- ion." Against expulsions and disruption, and for did. The "best" settlement was so unclear on brazenly stated, when invited by Governor Pin- fusing to serve on the board which was appointed defeat of the union-wrecking officialdom, there is this point that strikes are still reported in the chot to supplement the latter's announcement of arising a powerful movement of the rank and file. by the G. E. B., which was not elected and did endeavors of the local unions to get what they the settlement, that he had sacrificed the demands not have the confidence of the membership. Soon no man or woman will be able to be elected "won." of the coal miners in order to gain the good will The 19 expelled executive board members called to any position of trust in the I. L. G. W. U. a meeting of the rank and file in Webster Hall. until he or she has repudiated the policy of ex- The 1922 strike found the hard and soft coal of the mythical "public." The membership responded en masse and filled pulsions and disfranchisements. The union- miners standing together for the first time, as The anthracite settlement is in line with the their contracts had expired together. It was the every available space in the large hall. The meet- wreckers will be swept into oblivion by the right- settled policy of the Lewis administration, which solidarity brought about by this situation that ing was a great demonstration against the reac- eous wrath and overwhelming votes of an out- is to form a united front with the employers and tionaries, and unanimously adopted a resolution raged rank and file. The officers of the I. L. G. enabled the U. M. W. A. to wage such a magnifi- cent battle and force a truce upon the mine opera- with the capitalist Government against the rank protesting against the expulsions and calling for W. U. will be brought down from their high seats and file of the United Mine Workers of America. the reinstatement of the expelled executive board of Czarist rulership, and will either be made tors. But the settlements which were made then, under the direction of John L. Lewis, allowed Because the progressive forces within the Union members. again the servants of the garment workers and are fighting against this policy of betrayal, the Two members have been driven from their jobs not their masters, or will be sent to join their this solidarity to be broken up by overlapping the by the officials. Harry Brevin in New York was aristocratic prototypes who once arrogantly ruled time of the contracts for the anthracite and bi- Lewis administration is engaged in war against thrown out by a business agent, because he took over the workers of Europe as Sigman, Perlstein, tuminous fields. This defeat for the solidarity of the Progressive International Committee. It up a collection for the Freiheit. J. Gerber in Baroff & Co. now seek to rule over the I. L. G. the miners was continued in this- newest "best" fights the progressives for the same reason that Chicago was forced out of the shop because he W. U. settlement made by John L. Lewis. it abandoned the anthracite miners' justified and One oi the crying evils in the anthracite fields reasonable demands—for the reason that it has has been the irregular conditions and wage scales. entered into a definite and open alliance with the Lewis "Settles" There has never been a serious effort at equaliza- employing class and against the working class. tion of conditions in this branch of the industry, A united front of the "labor leaders" with the and the consequences have been very detrimental By Thomas Myerscough employers and Government, against the rank and to the miners. The new settlement does nothing HEN the Tri-District Convention, com- approved, but hardly were the men back in the to remedy this. There is such irregularity that file of labor and to destroy the effectiveness of W prising Districts 1, 7, and 9, was re-con- mines before local strikes began against the ap- practically every company has its own scale of the labor unions, that is what has now come into vened at Scranton, September 17th, to pass plication of the "best" agreement. The settle- wages. In the district from Pittston to Schick- existence openly and boldly. That is the meaning upon the negotiations that had been carried on ment did not even gain for the miners those shinny, for example, particularly in the mines of of the persecution of Alex Howat, of the betrayal with the mine operators, and the agreement reach- things that it promised them; Lewis had fooled the Pennsylvania Coal Co., the men are getting of the Coke Region and Somerset County miners, ed through the mediation of Governor Pinchot, the men. about $2. per ton besides having check-weighmen of the overlapping contracts for anthracite and Lewis told the miners that the Union has been the United Mine Workers of America was faced on the tipple to guarantee honest weights; but in bituminous fields, of the alliance between Lewis "recognized through collective bargaining," al- with another betrayal. In spite of the smoke- the other sections the scale runs from $1.90 to and Farrington, of the suspension of Dist. 26, of though the check-off had been lost. What that screens thrown out by Lewis and his cohorts, in $2.25 for 3-ton cars. the "Red Scare" series of articles by Searles, and spite of their efforts to sugarcoat the bitter pill, recognition means, a recognition for the purpose and in spite of their success in befuddling the of getting the men back to work but giving them This lack of equalization is most demoralizing. of the thousand and one other outrages perpe- minds of a majority of the delegates at Scranton, nothing in return, is seen in the inability of the Rinaldo Capellini, president of District 1, knows trated by Lewis and his henchmen, and which still the big facts of the settlement stand -out so Union to enforce a uniform application of the this problem well, and he should have been the now finds expression in the anthracite settlement. that every miner is beginning to see that, instead settlement. Each company is giving its own in- very last man in the world to agree to a settle- The progressive miners must fight against this ment which did not even tackle this problem. of a victory, they were handed a settlement which terpretation to the contract and the result is chaos. unholy alliance of union officialdom with Civic meant defeat. In the matter of the wage increase, again Lewis Capellini spoke out strongly against this evil, during the period when the Lewis administration Federation, capitalist press, "open shop" forces, The terms of the settlement are clear only on compromised for less than the demands and the men get less than the settlement promised them. 'was calling him a "disgruntled, deposed organ- and capitalist Government. We must stir ever the major points decided against the miners. It Instead of $2. per day flat increase for day men, izer.." He surely could not have forgotten it wider ranks of the U. M. W. A. to revolt against is definitely decided that the anthracite miners do the settlement calls for 10% "or 2Sc to 50c per during the negotiations with the operators in this miserable coalition. We must elect men from not establish the check-off. There is no doubt day. In the application of this increase it is re- which he took part. And while many anthracite the rank and file to overthrow this oligarchy, based that the demand for $2. per day flat increase for ported that some of the companies are, first, re- miners believe that the compromises made at their upon the "pay roll" vote, and install an adminis- day workers was lost. It is glaringly apparent ducing the former wage for 12 hours by one- expense were delayed by opposition from Capel- tration at the head of our Union that will fight, that the splitting up of the forces of the hard and third, to pro rate for the new 8 hour schedule, lini, and that he went along with Lewis under fearlessly and continuously, for the improved con- soft coal miners, through the signing of contracts and then adding the 10% only to that reduced protest, yet on this question of the equalization of ditions demanded by the members of the U. M. for different periods, has been again continued. wage, so that some of the day men have actually conditions they see that nothing whatever was W. A., for the nationalization of the mines, for Lewis told the Scranton Convention that this was had their earnings reduced- This is the great done. Capellini was compromised by going with the Labor Party, and for the power of the work- the best agreement ever obtained in that field. wage "victory," which Lewis put over on the Lewis, and by abandoning ''this issue he doubly ing class against all the predatory interests of the Under the influence of his representations it was anthracite miners. compromised himself. capitalist mine owners and exploiters. i8 THE LABOR HERALD November, 1923 November, 1923 THE LABOR HERALD

in December if the financial situation is again resentative of the I. F. T. U., that everywhere The British Unions at Plymouth acute. things are very bad. By Harry Pollitt The question of the 6-hour workday was raised "The workers of the world were hounded into in a resolution from the National Union of Rail- the late war by all sorts of attractive slogans. HE 55th British Trades Union Congress Council a body with powers for some kind of waymen. It was moved by C. T. Cramp, secre- They know now that they have been swindled Topened at Plymouth on September 3rd. It action, limited as that may be. tary of that organization, who, by the way, will and betrayed. The war has produced only one had to reveal a decrease in membership as be the fraternal delegate to the next A. F. of L. winner: the capitalists of all countries, and one compared with the Southport Congress, last year, Back to the Unions Convention. It was supported by Mr. Swales of loser: the proletarians of all countries, including of 759,380; the 702 delegates representing 4,369,- During the past year a "back to the unions" the Engineers (metal workers). Opposition was those who thought they were victorious. The 268 organized workers. The congress was the campaign was conducted. Much money was spent voiced by Textile Union delegates, who argued workers have been murdering each other for the poorest that has been held for many years. The aKd all available speakers engaged in the cam- that the 6-hour day would increase cost of pro- profit and benefit of the capitalist class of their left-wing group numbered 13 delegates and, al- paign to make it a success. It is generally ad- duction and result in unemployment. This re- own and other countries. though very small, accomplished much good work mitted, however, that little was accomplished. actionary argument was received very coldly, and "What was won or received by the workers on the floor of the Congress and inside the meet- Ellen Wilkinson, representing the Distributive the Congress endorsed the demand for the 6-hour immediately after the war, has now been lost. ings of the various delegations. The machinery Workers' Union and a prominent Communist, day. Working and living conditions are worse than of the Congress militates against any length of showed very clearly that the failure was due, International Questions before the war. The 8-hour day is going to time being given to debates on the important res- not to lack of money or energy, but to the ab- blazes. In several countries it is already lost; olutions, as the agenda is full of routine matters sence of a definite program which offered some- Three resolutions on foreign policy were adopt- in others the workers are still fighting for its that automatically recur every year and take up thing concrete for which the workers should re- ed, first on the Italo-Grecian crisis, second on maintenance with no great hope of success. Hours most of the time. In spite of all these limiting join the unions, some opportunity to, at least, the Ruhr situation, and third on the recognition of labor can only be maintained internationally. factors, some progress could be noted. struggle for better conditions. Others pointed of Soviet Russia. The Ruhr resolution appealed Apart from that, reaction is growing stronger out various difficulties, particularly the conflicting to the French and Belgian workers to bring press- The General Council everywhere, aiming at the smashing of all inde- unions, competing for members in the same field ure against their Governments to reverse their pendent labor movements. This state of affairs What should have been the chief question be- of industry, a condition which is baffling to the policy. On the recognition of Soviet Russia, finds a weakened labor movement in all coun- fore the Congress was a resolution, in the name workers. Sometimes as many as four or five Robert Williams in seconding the resolution, re- tries. Unemployment is heavy everywhere, the of the Building Trades Workers, giving the Gen- unions compete for members in the same shops, minded the Congress that it could not expect to funds of the unions are gone, the membership is eral Council of the Trades Congress increased like, as Mr. Bevin described it, "rotten insurance force the British Government to recognize the constantly decreasing. powers, so that a measure of unity might be Soviets while the British Labor Unions decline companies." "In the Balkan States, Greece, Roumania, Bel- achieved in disputes, and also that the Council to recognize the Russian labor movement—a very In the debate that followed the basic weakness gium, Yugo-Slavia, the workers are severely should have powers to impose a levy on affiliated effective point that scored heavily in the Con- of the British labor movement was exposed. One persecuted. All real trade unionism is impos- unions in the event of a serious struggle. gress. union leader after another launched into bitter sible. The prisons are full of workers. This is the first need of the British Trade attacks upon the rival unions. It was a display The outstanding feature of the Congress was "In Hungary the same condition exists. The Union Movement, the need of a General Staff of personalities and disunity not soon to be for- a speech by Edo Fimmen, Secretary of the Am- trade unions are only allowed to meet by police to co-ordinate and direct the activity of the whole gotten. Nor will it be lost on the rank and file, sterdam International. Fimmen is not a Com- permission and under police control. movement. George Hicks, of the Building Trades who are disgusted with this sort of thing, and munist; indeed, in speaking of the division of "In Italy immediately after the war there were Workers, and J. Walker, of the Iron and Steel are demanding that it shall cease. The left-wing the working class in Europe, he -failed to show 2,500,000 trade unionists wishing affiliation to confederation, moved and seconded the resolu- groups are exposing this destructive sectionalism that in every case the Communists have striven Moscow because Amsterdam was too yellow. The tion. and jealousy of the "leaders," and the public dis- for the united front, which has been explicitly unions have been split, and since the reign of the Opposition to the measure came chiefly from play at the Congress will assist greatly to de- refused by the reformists. Nevertheless, he told Fascisti workers have been murdered, trade un- the Miners. The basis of their objection is a velop a well-organized opposition within the un- the Congress the plain facts of the European ion buildings burned down, and now things are jealousy of the autonomy of their Union, and ions based upon a common program to overcome situation, and his simple, inescapable statement so bad the leaders of the Italian trade union they have opposed such resolutions particularly the disease. of the revolutionary issue facing Europe created movement have been trying to come to an under- since the failure of the other unions to help the The future of the Daily Herald was a problem a tremendous impression. Fimmen, for his hon- standing with Mussolini to defend their very ex- Miners on Black Friday. occupying much time of the Congress. The Gen- esty, is likely to be hounded out of his post of istence. Mr. Clynes, M. P., President of the General eral Council had recommended that, owing to Secretary for the Amsterdam International. In "In France after the war there were 2,000,000 Workers' Union, also opposed the resolution, as lack of finances, publication be discontinued on his speech he declared: "This may be the last trade unionists. The movement split over a quar- did many other leaders who represent the con- September 30th. Many big unions supported the Congress I -shall attend in my present capacity." rel between Left and Right. Both sides now servative sections of the trade unions. It was, proposal on the grounds of their depleted treas- "I am sorry I cannot bring you good tidings," number only 700,000. They are not even form- however, encouraging to note that a very uries. A large number of delegates wanted to said Fimmen. "I might, in addressing Congress ing a united front to fight the capitalists, but substantial vote was recorded in its favor. Al- save the Herald, yet were anxious to see the pres- on behalf of the international Labor movement, are fighting each other, and by doing so allowing though the resolution was defeated, the issue has ent editorial control changed, and its policies use some pleasant phrases, convey fraternal greet- Poincare and his 'National Bloc' to continue their now come to. stay, and with a vigorous campaign brought into accord with the crying needs of the ings from the Continent, extend best wishes for criminal policy resulting in the slavery of both during the next year, a majority may be secured workers. They did not succeed, however, in the future development of the British Labor the French and German working class. at the next Congress on this vital issue. The bringing the discussion down to questions of movement, thank you for your kind reception, "In Germany the state of affairs is appalling. votes cast on the proposition were: In favor, policy. The Congress finally decided to assume and then sit down. There we have 12,000,000 organized workers, 1,225,000; against, 2,847,000. This is the first responsibility for continuing publication of the "But you do not want me to do that. You representing the strongest trade union force in vote on the issue, and shows clearly the tendency Herald to the end c?f the present year, with the prefer to hear the truth in preference to pleasant the world (so far as numbers are concerned). The rapidly developing toward making the General provision that a special Congress shall be called phrases. Therefore I declare, as the official rep- position is infinitely worse than it was last year 20 THE LABOR HERALD November, 1923 November, 1923 THE LABOR HERALD 21 when I appealed to the British Trades Union ers, and I hope that the British workers will do Congress to stand by their German comrades. their duty. Two-Score Victories for the Left Wing The German workers are on the border of sheer "One thing more. This may be the last Con- starvation, and their exploitation by the capital- gress I shall attend in my present capacity. I By J. W. Johnstone ists is keener than it has ever been before. want to say with all the earnestness of my heart: HILE the Gompers machine was massing has had a great response. This is such a crying British workers, keep together; Right and Left "I was in Germany during the recent general all its forces to carry the Portland and De- and fundamental need that even the reactionaries wings, keep together; as this is the only possi- Wcatur conventions, stories of which are told have to respond, although they continue to fight strike and met workers from all quarters. I know bility of fighting capitalism nationally and inter- their spirit and realize their sufferings. One in full in this issue, the program of amalgamation, for the- antiquated methods that have brought the nationally. recognition of Soviet Russia, organize the unor- week's wages for skilled workers, working 48 labor movement close to disaster. But the mili- "Take care that the fear of Red dictatorship ganized, and the Labor Party, was extending its tants are making the question of organization a hours per week, was in many cases only enough will not compel you to accept White, Yellow, or sweep through the rest of the trade union move- burning one, that will force the unions into real to buy the equivalent of 3 pounds of margarine. Black dictatorship/' ment. The great victory for progress in the The position of the German workers is infinitely This frank and honest speech by Fimmen was and concerted action. Left-wing resolutions were Holders, also related elsewhere in detail, was only adopted in the past two months by the Utah, worse than that of the Russian workers, easily the most important event in the Congress. one gathering among a score where our vital What effect it will have still remains to be seen. California, Ohio, and New Hampshire State Fed- "This situation must lead to a new revolution measures were endorsed. We can only briefly erations of Labor; by the Amalgamated Shoe Certainly it will help the left-wing to arouse the summarize the victories of the past 60 days. as the workers are being driven into it by the unions to the seriousness of the international sit- Workers; by the Cigarmakers International Un- persecution and provocation from the reaction- Amalgamation was adopted in three State Fed- ion, by the Holders, and by the Brewery Workers. uation. In sharp contrast were the speeches of eration Conventions, New Hampshire, Utah, and ares and monarchists, and by their appalling mis- the two American fraternal delegates, P. S. Other resolutions inspired by the militants' cam- West Virginia. The Holders, meeting in Cleve- ery. Shaunessy and A. J. Chlopek, who droned out paign but without the left-wing wording went land, adopted the principle of amalgamation for "The situation is most dangerous. Only a mir- the same speeches that A. F. of L. fraternal dele- through almost every other gathering of Labor. the metal trades. The Bakers Convention in Los The demand for organization of the unorganized, acle can prevent Germany from going through an- gates have made for years and which mean Angeles adopted an amalgamation resolution for pushed by the T. U. E. L. and the militants gen- other revolution. The people have been starved nothing. The Congress will some day give a the food trades. The Brewery workers, meeting during four years of war, and starved even more hearty welcome to the A. F. of L. delegate if a in Philadelphia, reaffirmed their adhesion to in- erally, is rapidly awakening the labor movement during five years of peace. They are at the limit miracle should happen, and he should present a dustrial unionism which they have achieved in on this issue. real picture of the American movement. of endurance. I do not know in what way the the brewing industry, and adopted measures look- Progress for the Labor Party has been even Ruhr question will be settled, but it is certain In practical achievements the British Trades ing towards unifying the food industry generally. Union Congress was poor indeed . No great for- greater than on the other issues. With the back- that when it is settled there will no longer be The Kewanee (111.) Trades and Labor Council ing of the State Federations and Labor generally, ward steps were taken. Meeting at a time of adopted amalgamation, showing the movement of any semblance of unity between the German depression and facing a winter that will surely Farmer-Labor parties are being formed in Utah, the local and central bodies against the actions workers and the capitalists. The capitalists will witness increased unemployment and further at- West Virginia, North Dakota, and Montana. In of the State Federation in Decatur. The United take out of the workers what is still left to tacks upon the unions, it did nothing to unify its Minnesota a great conference has just been held Textile Workers and the American Federation of them. Then will come the stabilization of the forces and revamp its policies. The leaders had at which was formed the Farmer-Labor Federa- Textile Operatives have started negotiations for mark, and Germany will be stricken with un- no policy to meet the situation, and most of them tion, with the full support of the labor movement, employment more severe than the unemployment the actual amalgamation of the A. F. o,f L. body the object of which is to organize into a real even refused to see the problems. But progress with the latter group of independent unions. in this country. A starving working class seeing is registered in the strengthening of the left-wing party the existing mass-movement in that state its women and children dying for want of food, Amalgamation is still driving ahead with the rank which has hitherto been organized into "non-par- inside the unions, in the sentiment, growing and file of American labor and is fast recording will take it, and when the German working class stronger and stronger, for a real effort to tackle tisan leagues" although it has elected two United its sentiment officially. is driven to revolt, the employing class, which is the pressing problems of the movement, in the States senators under the F.-L.P. banner. The still armed, will turn their weapons against the desire for new policies and programs, in the as- Recognition of Soviet Russia is another vital Montana movement has called a great convention, workers. piration for international solidarity symptomized measure backed by the left-wing elements. This to be held just as this goes to press. In Califor- "I appealed to the British workers last year in Fimmen's speech. Soon we may expect a also has scored notable victories. The Utah and nia a conference for the organization of a Farmer- Michigan State Federations added their voices to to stand by the German workers in their need, powerful challenge to the old bankrupt leadership Labor Party was organized at the convention of and again repeat my appeal in the most emphatic from the growing left-wing opposition in the the growing demand. The American Federation the California State Federation of Labor at of Teachers, meeting in Convention in Chicago, way. Revolution must come. So stand by the British trade union movement. Stockton. The entire Canadian labor movement a most conservative body, adopted the proposition. German workers. was put on record for the Labor Party of Canada The International Brotherhood of Electrical "Do not ask whether the methods will bi: dem by a resolution adopted at the Canadian Trades RUSSIA NEEDS SKILLED Workers, another conservative union, joined in Congress, held in Vancouver. The city central ocratic or not, as the conditions will not permit WORKERS FOR KUSBAS by the adoption of a resolution at their convention a consideration of democracy. The exploiting bodies of Portland, and Detroit, have gone on in Hontreal. The Amalgamated Shoe Workers, record for the Labor Party by overwhelming class has never cared a farthing for democracy, The Chicago Group Kusbas, which is meeting in Boston, went on record for Soviet as may be seen in Italy and Hungary. They still organizing workers to fill this need, majorities. In New York, Buffalo, Los Angeles, Russia. That old-time American trade union, Toledo and in numerous smaller places, local possess arms, rifles, machine guns, etc., and they meets the 1st and 3rd Sundays of each the Iron Holders, also fell into line. Gompers will show the German workers the meaning of month, 3 P. M., at Labor Lyceum, 2733' parties are in the field or are being organized. may continue to hold the official votes in the The Shoe Workers, the Holders, and the Bakers, national unity by asking for help from France, Hirsch Blvd., Chicago. A. F. of L. convention but the foundation of his Britain, Turkey, and Poland, to assist them in all large unions with a membership that covers the All workers interested in this project reactionary policy against Russia is thus rapidly country, have joined the Labor Party movement. crushing the German workers' movement. The are welcome. For information write being undermined. bloodshed will be terrible then, and at that time Kusbas, 166 W. Washington St., Chicago. The call for a great campaign to bring the un- The Labor Party movement registered heavily the international must stand by the German work- organized workers into the ranks of the unions in the Portland convention of the A. F. of L., in 22 THE LABOR HERALD November, 1923 November, 1923 THE LABOR HERALD ,23 spite of the complete control which Gompers had tion of Labor; and in an apologetic manner by over the official actions of that body. Resolutions McVey of Chicago. Hayes made a strong talk Who's Who in Prison? Antone Karachun were introduced by the Minnesota Federation of that registered a deep impression. Evidently Labor; the Amalgamated Association of Iron, fearing the continuance of the discussion, the By Carl Brannin Steel, and Tin Workers; the Chicago Federation machine rushed through a motion to close debate. N McNeil Island federal penitentiary in the - In a recent letter Karachun says: "There were of Labor; and the Pennsylvania Federation of The high-handed methods of Gompers in defeat- beautiful Puget Sound region there is hundreds of soldiers in the S. E, F. who were Labor. The reactionaries, in spite of their iron- ing this measure brought protests from such con- I a lone political prisoner among the "narco- tried for desertion and convicted, but not one of clad control, were fearful of the question, and servatives as Mahon, of the Street Railway Men's tics," ex-bankers, boot-leggers and other unfor- them was given a 20 yeai4 sentence. The severest massed their heavy artillery against it. Matthew Union, Mike Tighe, of the Iron, Steel, and Tin tunates who populate that institution. sentence that was imposed on any other soldier Woll read to the convention a long telegram, sent Workers, and Connors of the Switchmen. Even When President Harding issued his provisional at that time for desertion, excluding myself, was Portland, where the Labor Party was defeated to J. H. Walker by Victor Qlander of the Illinois pardons he had no thought of this young rebel, ten years at Alcatraz and everyone of them has by a vote of 25,066 against 1,895, was another Federation of Labor, declaring that the Chicago for according to the records he is serving his long ago been either restored to duty or pardoned. sign of the inevitable establishment of a great sentence of 20 years for the military offense of In fact, upon my arrival at Alcatraz in January Federation had repudiated its previous stand for political party of the workers in the near future. the Labor -Party. But the machine was very desertion. 1921 I did not find a single prisoner of the de- weak in floor • men to fight against the Labor With these two-score victories for amalgama- And yet when one knows the story, it is plain serters of the S. E. F. except one Russian who tion, recognition of Soviet Russia, organize the was doing five years.—Of cours'e, it should be Partyi It had to rely on such men as Nelson, that here is another victim of the law which unorganized, and the Labor Party, staring him makes opposition to injustice a crime, and cruci- remembered that in America one can get forgive- of Kansas City, a man who but a few years ago in the face, Gompers and his henchmen can hardly ness for anything so long as he has money and lost his financial records and left town when an fies alive those who have the ability to think feel that they have won their war against progress straight and the courage to act as they think. does not blaspheme against the holy trinity of auditing committee was appointed to examine his by crushing it down in Portland and Decatur. Antone Karachun came to this country in 1914 her 'democracy.'" books. Walker, of the Illinois Federation, and No, these are depressing facts for the bureau- to avoid being drafted into the Czar's army. He An effort, was made by Charles Recht and Rose formerly national chairman of the Farmer-Labor crats who desire to keep the trade unions 40 years worked in the coal fields, in the packing houses Weiss to secure Karachun's release through the Party, publicly recanted his belief in independent behind the times; and to the same degree they and in various industries open to husky young War Department and, failing there, on writ of. political action in a desperate effort to bolster up should encourage every^ militant rank and file immigrants. Americanization d la the profiteers habeas corpus in the Federal court of the Dis- the administration. The measures were defended unionist to work with renewed energy and enthus- of the war times was the program and Antone had. trict of Columbia. This last was also denied. A by Max Hayes of the International Typographical iasm for the regeneration of the American trade a full course. The year 1919 found him a mem- similar plea entered by George Vanderveer in Union; by the delegate of the Minnesota Federa- union movement. ber of the United States army in Vladivostock. the Federal courts of the State of Washington He says: "Economic forces and the degener- was lost only a few weeks ago. Now the Su- ate, perverted • machine of the present order of preme Court of the United States is the only The New T. U. E. L. Leaflets things makes automatons of the people. These chance left. are the things that produced my 'voluntary en- . "in May I had a brief visit with this fine spir- Is the Trade Union Educational League a Dual Union? listment.' These two invisible factors are like ited young Bolshevik. I remember how his clean- A COMPLETE and smashing proof that the dual-union charge, brought by the a spider continually weaving its web to catch in cut Slavic features lit up as he strode erect into • fakers against the T. U. E. L., is without the slightest foundation. This leaflet it the human flies that are driven by hunger to the visiting room. I stepped forward to clasp nails the fakers hard and fast; they cannot answer it. It explains the functions fall into its clutches without knowing the conse- his hand as on other such occasions but the guard of a union, analyses dual unionism, and shows how the T. U. E. L., a purely edu- quences that await them. I did not understand interfered. During the half hour stay this offi- cational institution, is a vital necessity to the progress of the trade unions and one cer sat closely between us, not as before at the of the greatest sources of strength and unity to the labor movement. these invisible factors so well in 1917 as I do now. If I. did, I am sure the story of my life head of the conversation table. It was not per- $1. per hundred, $7.50 per thousand. would be a different one today." mitted to leave fruit or other eatables. The United Front The announced purpose of the Siberian expe- To a person free to come and go, even in the dition was to "protect American property" but treadmill of a job, three years is a short span, OR the first time the fundamental problem of how to obtain solidarity of the working class, industrially and politically, in the struggle against capitalism, Karachun soon saw that this was simply camou- but to a fresh keen boy behind prison bars it is has been stated so briefly and yet so clearly that every worker can understand, flage. The real mission was to give aid and as- a long, long time. And yet there is little com- without the slightest difficulty, the fundamental program of the T. U. E. L- Amal- sistance to the counter revolution and oppose the plaint and the spirit is strong and uncompromis- gamation and the Labor Party are shown to be measures growing out of the most Bolsheviki. ing. The thought is chiefly for the success of vital and pressing every-day needs of the workers. This will be a most popular This was too much and Karachun deserted. Soviet Russia and the workers' movements every- leaflet He knew that there had been no declaration of where. At times, though, the effect of the terrific $1. per hundred, $7.50 per thousand. war between the two countries and besides his strain shows itself. Every militant should order a quantity for distribution in his local union. League sympathies were all with the Soviets. For eleven From a recent letter: "Things go on in the groups should order thousands for. systematic distribution. months he "stuck around" without being appre- same old way and life drags on and on and on. hended. Finally he was arrested and taken to the I do not read now as much as I did a year ago, 'PHE LABOR HERALD for October, containing the documents of the Second Philippine Islands in heavy leg irons for trial, General Conference, T. U. E. L., will be for another year a handbook of in- although I am still a great lover of reading. But formation absolutely necessary to guide the work of the militants. This is not an without even a chance to tell his sick wife and to tell you the truth, sometimes after reading sev- ordinary magazine, it is a standard text-book. A few hundred extra copies have month old baby good bye. The court martial eral pages of a book I catch myself not knowing been printed, and every group of militants should keep a supply on hand especially rendered a verdict of guilty and prescribed the what I have read. It seems to me that the 'chalk for new members. The price is the same as regular bundle orders of THE LABOR death penalty on the charge of high treason and line' not only makes one a physical walking auto- HERALD. desertion. Later the reviewing authorities "mod- maton but at times paralyzes one's mental capaci- ified"the sentence to 20 years at hard labor. ties."

afct. T H E L A B O R H-E R A L D November, 1923 November, 1923 THE LABOR HERALD heaven to stop working without being ordered Will Strike to Own the Job The Strike: Its Past and Future by the boss. " . That's the way he dopes it out every time; and Knowing that they were right they went ahead the number of him that is pursuing that line of By Jay Fox and broke the law and defied public opinion until reasoning is increasing so rapidly that consterna- am, as you know, in full sympathy with Or- and strike. In those days the striker was re- finally the ruling class had to give way and tion and alarm are creeping into the camp of ganized Labor; but between you and me, garded as the most dangerous of ruffians, a dead- modify its attitude towards the.workers through the present "owners" of the jobs. For while it strikers have no right to prevent other work- ly enemy of society, and the interest of civiliza- fear of revolution. (The ruling class never does is true that legally the worker has no claim on ers taking the jobs wanted by them." tion demanded that he be ruthlessly dealt with. anything out of the goodness of its heart for the the job once he leaves it, none the less he The above quotation is from a letter I re-' Things as they were had to be kept as they were. slaves upon whose backs it rides.) By organized is rapidly coming to feel that morally he has ceived recently from a lawyer friend. Upon There was no need for change or further prog- opposition to the barbarism of the ruling class, every right to possess it outright. Moral values reading it I was a bit riled and felt like batting ress. Everything was lovely for the "better by suffering the torture of the branding iron, the are superior to legal values every time and I can clawses," a'nd it was for them that civilization see just where this whole matter is going to my friend on the bean. Distance preventing the butchery of the knife and in many instances end up. use of the bat I was compelled to resort to the existed. Despite all the power of the possessing death upon the gallows, our forefathers have highbrow stuff. With the bat I could have com- classes to keep things as they are, somehow conquered for us the right to organize and The reactionaries tell us that we have no pleted my answer in exactly two seconds. This change takes place in spite of them. The tor- strike; and far from us letting these dearly right to strike, as was told the railroad men civilized method is much more laborious and prob- ture and mutilation' of the workers ought to have bought rights slip away from us, we are going lately. Our answer is simply this: Where ably not so convincing. This may be the reason kept them in their place. Still it seems they were to use them as the stepping stone, to other rights did you dig up that ante-deluvian stuff? Our civilization is so long in taking hold of the peo- not wholly convinced by these civilized argu- that are still written down on your law books as forefathers established for us the right to strike ple. Anyway, here is my reply: ments, for we see them striking today by the terrible wrongs. . the job without legal sanction, and we are not I quite agree with you that a striker has no millions and few there be who question their going to defile their memory by letting that legal right to keep a scab away from his job". right to strike. You would not prosecute them How the Workers Reason dearly bought right slip away from us. On the Under none of your calfskin covers is it written for striking. Your grievance against them now contrary, some fine morning we may take it into ^.that a working man has any such right. No is that when on strike they do not always behave The striker that tries to persuade the scab to our heads to go a step further and establish our bunch of lawyers in their capacity as a law- according to your legal code of ethics. Now I keep away from the struck job must have an right to own the job. making'body have ever defiled the sacred records want to ask you a question: What brought about idea that somehow he has a claim on that job. of their doings with the vile inscription of a this change of front on the part of society ? Why The idea may be vague in outline, but it must BOOKS RECEIVED working man's right. A working man has no are strikers tolerated today? What is the an- be there, or why should he bother about pro- V?m. Z. Foster—Fool or Faker?, by Gifford Ernest, right to do anything except to submit to every- swer of the law to this question? tecting the job? He may have merely the notion Chicago, 1923. thing. You lawyers have seen to that. I hear you say: "Why, simply this: Public that his claim is a permit to work at the will of PREACHER without a pulpit, an American the boss. But the strike having forced him into A legionist, and an aspiring political "leader," Gifford Ages ago you legislated away from us every opinion has changed on the question of the right to strike and as a result has ceased to demand the arena to fight for it he soon enlarges upon Ernest has now blossomed forth as an author. At least right that nature gave us. You trimmed us that original idea. You have noticed how ideas it is his name that is carried upon the cover' of this proper. And when! you had stripped us of every the prosecution of strikers." That will be the 'collection of bad grammar, puerile assiniriities, and crude answer of the law, and it is all very well in its grow under pressure from the merest shimmer- buncombe. But Ernest, the self-appointed defender of human right you took these rights and divided ings into solid concrete facts. Given the faintest up with the rest of the gang that helped you put way; but it doesn't say much. It still leaves un- trade unionism against Foster and the Communists, did answered the question: why did the public idea of a claim on the-job the striker will build not write the booklet. He only lent his name to cover over the trick. There were kings and lords and it up logically and carry it to its final analysis: the real author, who is a renegade I. W. W. by the merchants, judges, generals and numerous other change its opinion ? Nowhere in your law books name bf Jack Leheney, erstwhile educational director is it. written down why the change of front was "In order to live I must have food and shelter; of the "wobblies," who was afraid to put his own name parasites, all shared in the loot of Labor's liberty without them I would die. The job is the means and have lived, lavishly, on Labor's back ever made by society in the matter of strikes; but you on the concoction. Fools rush in where even Leheney through which I secure these necessities of life. fears to tread, so Ernest takes the responsibility for since. So, when you say we have no legal right will see it written in red on the scroll of Labor Leheney's I. W. W.ism. Any club is good enough to history. There it is written plain how the work- Therefore the job is for me the most important to defend our jobs I can well agree with you. I thing in the world, and it is now owned by an- hit the revolutionary trade unionists. Behind the author know enough about the law for that. I have ing class got the right to strike—they struck and his sponsor, in the dimmer background faintly for it. other man. That is not right. For while that limned against the aura of Christian saintliness, a keen had it beaten into my bones a few times. And other< man holds the means by which I live I am there is nothing that will awaken the dull brain eye can trace the faces of Victor Olander, Mayer Perl- Right Conquered, Despite Torture at his mercy, I am his slave. I thought I was a stein, et at., bearers of the inspiration from Gompers of a working stiff quicker than a wallop from a free man. Now I see I cannot 'be free until I and Burns. well handled hickory. When the workers got enough horse sense to own my job.—Every man should own his job as The pamphlet is priced at loc, but no one need spend Do you know that it is not so long ago that realize that they had no rights as human beings, a birthright. good money for it, as the Gompersian officialdom are you could have said with absolute truth, not only that you lawyers had legislated them all away, buying it in quantities for free distribution. The Chicago "Individually I cannot own my job. I see that Tribune or the Hearst papers may very probably be that we had no right to keep a scab away from they thought they would establish a few rights, induced to run it serially, except that they demand a our struck jobs, but that we had no right to amongst them the right to strike. When they would be impossible. I will speak about this to higher standard of bunk. The screed is copyrighted give the scab the opportunity to follow his chosen became conscious, of the fact that they were my fellow workers and bring it up in the union. by Ernest, who thus has hopes of material reward in profession. In other words: we had no right to humans and not beasts of burden they protested. The union could take over the whole shop and addition to official recognition—things denied him when secure all our jobs. But there are other unions he was an aspiring occupant of a front pew in the strike. Regardless of your law they struck. In spite of Trade Union Educational League, drinking in revolu- Strikers' Ears Cut Off your public opinion, which was, as it is today, " in the shop. That is bad. There should be but tionary doctrine. Let us hope that the Jewish Daily Seventy-five years ago it was a greater crime the opinion merely of the rich parasites, they one. We must amalgamate all these unions and Forward, Mr. Ed. Nockels, and the Chicago Tribune, to strike a job than it is now to strike a scab. asserted their manhood. They knew they were have one big industrial union that can take over will not discover in this pamphlet another of Foster's the control of the entire industry, thus securing devious schemes to obtain publicity, with Ernest as the About a hundred years ago strikers were branded fight, even though the law and public opinion villian in the play, another under-cover agent of Mos- with hot irons and had their ears lopped off for and the lawyers and preachers and bosses said each and all .of us workers in the absolute pos- cow to advertise the radicals. daring to assert their natural right to organize they were wrong, that it was a crime against high session of our jobs." Earl R. Browder 26 THE LABOR HERALD November, 1923 THE LABOR HERALD 27 West Canadian T. U. E. L, Conference The Growing Left-Wing Press By Tim Buck NEW section of the trade union press has ing made against the militants in that industry. been developing in the past year which All needle trades workers should cooperate in HEN the Western Conference for the Can- ness, the delegates displaying a real grasp of their A promises to become increasingly important. extending its circulation. Its address is 208 E. adian section of the T. U. E. L. was first problems. It consists of papers devoted to the left-wing 12th St., New York City. Wproposed, many militants thought that the Fraternal delegates were present from many movements in the various industries, taking up The latest comer into the field, is the Progres- confusion existing in this section for the past unions and central bodies. The Vancouver Coun- the detailed problems of the various groups, and sive Building Trades Worker, the first issue of four years would make it impossible as yet to cil, unable to send delegates, wired their best organizing the militants around the papers. The which appears Nov. 1st. It is issued by the Inter- weld together the rebel elements. Yet despite wishes for the success of the Conference. Var- general progressive and radical paper does not national Committee for Amalgamation of the this and the hard times, with the emigration of ious other-telegrams of greetings came from serve this purpose in any case and it is a sign Building Trades, 156 W. Washington St., Chi- thousands of the best workers to the U. S., the unions, councils, and International Amalgamation of approaching maturity of the American move- cago. It is devoted almost exclusively to the issue Conference was a great success. The gathering Committees. A cable from Losovsky warned of ment that it is at last getting a system of such of amalgamation and the necessity of wiping out convened at Edmonton, in the Labor Temple, on the international reaction and urged the United industrial papers. the present divisions within the building trades September 22-23, with 45 delegates present. It Front program. There are six of these militant publications now unions which have brought these organizations to represented the labor movement from Winnipeg Keen discussion arose over the question of the being issued. The oldest one is The Industrialist a condition where the building industry is grad- to Vancouver. Canadian. Labor Party. This was participated in devoted to the printing industry. It has a history ually being conquered by the "open-shop" forces. Difficult conditions did not dampen the spirit by the president of the Provincial Section of the of several years valuable work and has lately be- The combined circulation of these |ix papers of these militants. They gave a direct rebuff to C. L. P. The Conference adopted a whole-heart- come the official organ of the International Com- represents the most powerful force for progress the calamity howlers, and faced their tasks with ed endorsement of the Canadian Labor Party as mittee for Amalgamation in the Printing Trades in the trade union movement. It is the vital, liv- the idea of immediate accomplishments in the the means for mass participation of the Canadian Unions. It is a monthly with a subscription price ing, and growing factor in the labor movement. forward drive of the labor movement. Particu- labor movement in the political struggles of the of 50c per year and may be reached by addressing Each one of these papers deserves the unlimited larly was there a complete absence of nationalist workers. All militants were urged to work for E. L. Lee, 520 W. 163rd St., New York City. support of every conscious worker in the re- or secession sentiment; these two diseases that affiliation of their local unions. The railroaders have their organ The Railroad spective industries. formerly afflicted the Canadian movement quite As in the East of Canada before the Confer- Amalgamation Advocate. This has been in the seriously are now under control. The delegates ence there, the League in this section has been STATEMENT OF THE OWNERSHIP, MANAGEMENT, CIR- field for over a year, appearing twice a month, CULATION, ETC., REQUIREDBY THE ACT OF CONGRESS had a clear conception of the tasks ahead of the more sentiment than organization heretofore. and has become a real force among the railroad OF AUGUST 24, 1912 Of THE LABOR HERALD, published monthly at Chicago, revolutionary unionists. The Conference in Edmonton completed the or- trade unionists. It is the official organ of the Illinois, for October 1st, 1923. ganization of the Canadian Section on a domin- State of Illinois, The main representation, according to indus- International Committee for Amalgamation in the County of Cook, tries, was from the building, mining, and railroad ion-wide scale. Sub-district committees will now Railroad Industry, Otto H. Wangerin, Secy., 411 S3. Before me, a notary public in and for the State and county workers unions, these being the principal indus- co-ordinate the work from coast to coast. Dakota Bldg., St. Paul, Minn. The subscription aforesaid, personally appeared Karl R. Browder, who, having been duly sworn according to law, deposes and says that he is tries in the West. Of particular importance are The workers in Western Canada have had per- price is 50c per year. the managing editor of THE LABOR HERALD, and that the following is, to the best of his knowledge and belief, a true state' the miners, and it was gratifying that 20 out of haps more confusion and trying experiences dur- The Progressive Miner, published by the Ex- ment of the ownership, management (and if a daily paper, the the 34 locals of Dist. 18 sent delegates to the ing the past four years than anywhere else in ecutive Committee of the Progressive Interna- circulation), etc., of the aforesaid publication for the date shown in the above caption, required by the Act of August 24, 1912, Conference. Discussion of the Progressive Min- America. These struggles and disappointments tional Committee of the U. M. W. of A., is one embodied in section 443, Postal Laws and Regulations, printed on the reverse of this form, to wit: ers' program was participated in with deep inter- have weeded out all the weak ones, and the left- of the livest and most influential papers of its 1. That the names and addresses of the publisher, editor, managing editor, and business managers are: est, and it was endorsed in every detail. Bitter wing movement now rapidly developing is more kind. It is issued twice a month in seven langu- Publisher, The Trade Union Educational League, 106 No. La Salle St., Chicago, 111. experience in Dist. 18, has brought the miners enthusiastic and convinced than ever. Its tasks ages and deals with the burning issues in the Editor, Wm. Z. Foster, 106 N, La Salle St., Chicago, 111. to a realization of the absolute necessity of a are now clarified, and its program, in line with Miners' Union, supporting the program of the Managing Editor, Earl R. Browder, 106 N. La Salle St., Chicago. Business Manager, J. W. Johnstone, 106 N. La Salle Street, unified movement throughout the entire Mine the great movement sweeping the entire continent, Progressive International Committee. Its address Chicago, 111. 2. That the owners are : The Trade Union Educational League, Workers of America. Building trades, needle is definite and well understood. The T. U. E. L. is 35 Miller St., Pittsburgh, Pa., and the sub- a voluntary association, Wm. Z. Foster, Secy-Treas.; J. W. Johnstone, S. T. Hammersmark, Earl R. Browder, Ben Gitlow, trades, railroad trades, and lumbering, were all has unified the militants in Canada and with scription price is $1.00 per year. M. Obermeier, and Tim Buck, National Committee. well represented, and programs of activity were 3. That the known bondholders, mortgagees, and other security them is going forward to the new day in the The International Committee for Amalgamation holders owning or holding 1 per cent or more of total amount of drawn up. They were discussed with thorough- American labor movement. in the Metal Industry has begun publication of bonds, mortgages, or securities are: None. 4. That the two paragraphs next above, giving^ the names of the Metal Trades Amalgamation Bulletin. This the owners, stockholders, and security holders, if any, contain not only the list of stockholders and security holders as they is issued by John Werlik, Secy., 1432 So. Keeler appear upon the books of the company but also, in cases where the stockholder or security holder appears upon the books of Ave., Chicago, and it is expected to establish it the company as trustee or in any other fiduciary relation, the name of the person or corporation for whom such trustee is "The Fifth Year" "The Fifth Year" as a regular monthly publication in the immediate acting, is given;-also.that the said two paragraphs contain state- SOVIET RUSSIA future. Metal trades groups everywhere should ments embracing affiant's full knowledge and belief as to the Highly Praised by circumstances and conditions under which stockholders and secur- Vivid Nine Reel place orders for bundles of this four page paper, ity holders who do not appear upon the books of the company ON as trustees, hold stock and securities in a capacity other than I and assist in immediately putting it on a paid cir- that of a bona fide owner; and this affiant has no reason to be- MOTION PICTURE NATIONAL BOARD OF lieve that any other person, association, or corporation has any culation basis. interest direct or indirect in the said stock, bonds, or other SCREEN REVIEW securities than as so stated by him. Of Actual Conditions in The Needle Trades Worker, organ of the 5. That the average number of copies of each issue of this Needle Trades Section of the T. U. E. L., is publication sold or distributed, through the mails or otherwise, SOVIET RUSSIA Now Shown from Coast All proceeds for education of to paid subscribers during the six months preceding the date bringing out its first number this month. This shown above is (This information is required from daily publica- to Coast Russian children and other nec- tions only.) During 1922-1923 J cessary help to Soviet Russia. paper will support the entire left-wing pro- EARL R. BROWDER, Managing Editor gram in all of the garment trades. It is of es- Sworn to and subscribed before me this 2nd day of October, 1923 \, 1923 IRA G. WOODEN, Notary Public. pecial importance at this time, when a war is be- (SEAL) (My Commission expires May 25, 1925 28 THE LABOR HERALD November, 1923 November, 1923 THE LABOR HERALD 29

He says the machinists' have been too radical; they and later by their own Union officials, John L. Lewis Social Democratic Party, they will get the upper hand must become more conservative, like .the Brotherhoods, and his henchmen. The miners have been in revolt for the moment. But they will not hold it long; of THE LABOR HERALD and concern themselves with their craft interests only. against their StSel Trust masters, a revolt that would this we can be- confident. The German proletariat of If we will be nice to the boss, and show him that the have been successful but for the intervention of Lewis fifteen millions cannot long be held down by the methods A Militant, Constructive Monthly Union can make him greater profits, then says Johnston, Trade Union Magazine on the employers' side. Their present feelings are bitter, employed in Italy; it is numerically too powerful, and he will allow the organizers to go right into the shops and justifiably so. Rarely has treachery been more bold its position in industry and transport is too important. Official Organ of the and sign up all the men into the LA. of M. or more dastardly. As a result, a danger has been The German workers have suffered and learned much Trade Union Educational League This kind of unionism, spineless and servile to the present in District 26, of resentment against Lewis & WM. Z. FOSTER, EDITOR employers, is leading the labor movement straight to since the days of Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxem- Co. being turned into a secession movement. bourg. A mighty communist party is rising. up from destruction. It wins the workers nothing, not* even No friend of Labor solidarity will, however, urge Subscription price,.$1.50 per year temporarily. The employers have nothing but contempt the seed sown by the old spartacists; and the workers, secession upon the Canadian miners. There is but one in ever-growing masses, are following it. The great for it, and the more the leaders cringe the more the way to fight against the boss-controlled Lewis machine, Published at bosses will kick our organizations about. There is but mass strike is being prepared to break the first attempt and that is to stay inside the U. M. W. A. and battle of the white guards to seize power by force. The "pro- 106 No. La Salle Street one way to force concessions for the workers and that it out there. Running away from the fight -will not help is to establish a fighting power in the unions that the letarian hundreds" are being organized and armed on CHICAGO, ILL. at all. Lewis could ask for nothing better than to have every side. The danger of the German revolution being Member of The Federated Fresi employers must respect. The unions cannot fight ef- all the conscious militants leave the Union. He is try- fectively until they get rid of this cringing leadership. crushed by .military force from the outside is counter- Make checks payable to ing to drive them out—the secessionists are his allies balanced by the warning of Soviet Russia that, "Swords whether they know it or not. The duty of every revol- The Trade Union Educational League THE UNION-WRECKERS AT WORK are not the exclusive possession of the capitalist coun- utionary and progressive miner today is to stay within tries. They are also to be found in the hands of the OHN L. LEWIS and his crew of union wreckers are the United Mine Workers of America. That Union still busy at work. One of their late exploits is the proletarian State of Soviet Russia." These facts are THE NEEDLE TRADES ALLIANCE J belongs to the rank and file, and they must fight for the guarantee of final victory. The German proletariat expulsion of Thomas Myerscough, secretary of the their own Union. HE mountain has labored and brought forth a Progressive International Committee of the miners, and holds the fate of the world proletariat in its hands. This js the advice that is being given to the miners This time it will not fail. T mouse. At last the much-heralded Needle Trades the revocation of the charter of his local lunion, No. of Nova Scotia by the militants within their own ranks Workers' Alliance has been launched. We did not be- 1446 of Arden Mines, Pa. The instruments and methods and throughout Canada. It is sound advice, and shows In this crisis it is the duty of trade unionists every- lieve that the backers of this plan would have the crust used in this disgraceful proceedings are characteristic that the Canadian trade union militants are developing where to stand by the German workers' in their coming to put across such an antedeluvian .project in the face of reactionary officialdom. a thoughtful, constructive leadership that promises well revolution. Against the attempts • of the capitalist Gov- of the strong sentiment for amalgamation now existing Among the several hundred members of Myerscough's for future success. Continuous and relentless battle ernments to -assist the German exploiters against the in the clothing industry. But it seems that they have. local there could be found but two sufficiently degraded against those who would deliver the Unions to the working class, the trade unions of every country, includ- The worst of the thing is that the constitution as to serve as Lewis instruments. One of these, who pre- employers is the first necessity. To leave the Union is ing America, must raise the demand: "Hands off adopted is much worse than as originally proposed by sented charges against Myerscough, is so ignorant that to desert the battle-line. Secession and splits are the Workers' Germany!" the Capmakers. The plan, weak enough in the begin- his charges could not be read, and so crooked that the weapons of the reactionaries. The militants will stay ning, has been still further emasculated. Notably is miners say that he took a Victrola donated to the within the U. M. W. A. at all costs. UNION LEADERS AS STRIKEBREAKERS this the case with the proposed annual conferences. As Miners' Relief to be raffled, put it in his own home, AJOR GEO. L. BERRY, head of the .Printing drafted originally, the conferences would have given and sold his own phonograph to a mine superintendent GERMANY BEFORE THE REVOLUTION the Internationals from five to twenty delegates apiece, M Pressmen's Union and American Legionist, has for $25. The Local Union, on August 7th, voted un- ORKERS the world over wait with the greatest become the hero of the Gompers family as well as of besides allowing one delegate from each local branch animously, with the exception of the two stool-pigeons, W anxiety for news from Germany. And well they the employing class. After breaking the Pressmen's of the Alliance. This would have let a few rank and their confidence in Myerscough. may, for world-shaking events are impending there. strike in New York City, he walked into the A. F. of L. filers slip into the gathering. But in the plan adopted Immediately the name of the stool-pigeon was used The surrender in the Ruhr .converts Germany into a all possibilities of rank and file representation are elim- Convention in Portland to receive the acclaim of a con- by the District officials, acting no doubt under orders vassal colony of French imperialism; and the whole queror. There he gave expression to the philosophy inated. Each organization shall have but five delegates, from Lewis, to file an appeal to the District Board. On burden, if the German capitalists have their way, is to which means five high officials. Under such circum- of "unionism" that animated the developing aristocracy September 6th that body mailed Myerscough a com- be saddled upon the working people. The bourgeois of strike-breaking officials, and his statement was ap- stances, it will be impossible to democratize the annual munication informing him that the appeal has been sus- statesmen, having made peace with Poincare, turn their proved by Mr. Gompers. He said: "We stand for four conferences. tained and he was expelled from membership. whole attention now to one enemy: the workers. They In many other ways, including the abolition of the great. principles governing industry. These are the In the meantime the same forces had been busy plot- have but one policy: Make the workers .pay. The ownership of property, an adequate return on invest- provisions for amending the constitution and for levy- ting to punish Myerscough's local union for standing miserable wages are being still further reduced, and the ments, an adequate sum allowed industry for the matter ing assessments upon the affiliated unions, the original by him. The mine owners where the members of eight hour day is being abolished. Unemployment of deterioration, and that all workers, including manag- plan has been worsened. When the project was put Local 1446 are employed, refused to abide by the con- spreads like a plague. Hunger and misery stalk abroad. forth by the Capmakers it represented a most inferior ers, get proper compensation for what they put into in- tract and locked the miners out. The District officials Bread riots, answered by bayonet and machine gun, are dustry." plan of federation. Now it is impossible altogether. immediately declared that the local was engaged in an becoming the order of the day. In this multiplied It is safe to say that the Needle Trades Workers Alli- outlaw strike, revoked the charter, and reorganized plundering and oppression the Social-Democrats, as Such a program as this, coupled with the deeds of ance has died aborning. It will not prove even an ef- the Local. They held the reorganization meetings on always, are the ready tools of the masters. Gompers, Berry, Lee, Lewis, and their kind, may well fective bar against amalgamation, which is what its the property of the coal company, in spite of the fact The German working class is stirring mightily. A be hailed with delight by the capitalist press. It is no proponents chiefly intended it to be. Clothing trades that the miners' union owns its own hall there. profound disillusionment has come over them. When accident that the Chicago Tribune, champion of the militants will renew their efforts to consolidate all the These are the tactics of destructionists, of those who the Kaiser's monarchy was overthrown in 1918 the "open shop," is frankly delighted, and that the Journal unions into one. would rule or ruin. They are not approved by the rank German bourgeoisie turned to the republic in order to of Commerce commendingly says, the acts were "such and file of Labor. But if the designs o? these arrogant as any body of patriotic citizens might adopt," meaning, CRINGING UNIONISM fool the workers with "democratic" forms. But the officials are to be defeated, if the United Mine Workers deception which shackled the workers in those days of course, any body of business men. Its reactionary HE more capitalists kick the trade unions about, and the other unions where similar tactics are being will not suffice now. Only by naked force can these and capitalistic nature is emphasized not only by the T the more abjectly cringing become the" union leaders. employed are to be saved by complete disruption at the new burdens be imposed upon them. German capital- subordination of the workers to the claims of At best our trade union leaders are capitalistically hands of these wreckers, the membership must rise in ism now has to seek salvation in the monarchist army, profits, but even the demand for a "fair day's pay" is minded but today, under the pressure of the "open protest, demand the protection of the rights of every the white generals and the fascist gangs. The last prop made contingent upon the perpetuation of the fabulous shop" drive which should bring out any fighting member, and elect men to office who are pledged to is being knocked out from under the bourgeois republic salaries of the "managers." spirit they might have, they are crawling to the protect these rights. Freedom of thought and speech of Germany, and all pretences of "democracy" are going Who can be surprised that Berry, with such complete capitalists to beg for mercy. Consider, for example, in the labor movement are seriously threatened. Every by the board. The capitalists and all their defenders, agreement with the capitalist philosophy, should brutally the so-called progressive, Johnston, president of the true union man will join in the battle to re-instate these including the Social-Democratic politicians and trade break the New York pressmen's strike by importing Machinists' Union. He is going about the country fundamental principles. union leaders, are driving with full speed toward a union men from all over the country? The old strike- preaching co-operation with the capitalists, denounc- OPPOSE CANADIAN SECESSION white dictatorship. The, capitalist dictatorship or the breaking agencies have powerful competition now; the ing amalgamation and the Labor Party, and re- workers dictatorship—the white or the red—this is the workers pay men like Berry for doing the dirty work pudiating every progressive policy; According to him RUTAL oppression has been visited upon the Can- one question soon to be settled in Germany. of the capitalists. Why then should the capitalists pay the 16 railroad unions cannot be amalgamated in 100 B adian miners in District 26, first by the British The forces of reaction are well organized and well for an inferior job such as the Burns detectives can years, and the amalgamationists, are therefore disrupters. Empire Steel Corporation and its governmental lackeys, armed. It is quite possible that, with the help of the sell them? . THE LABOR HERALD November, 1923 November, 1923 THE LABOR HERALD

In view of the fact that the international revolu- realize the unity of the proletariat. I shall continue tionary movement cannot develop its maximum to work just as I have up till the present to rouse . THE INTERNATIONAL strength unless its relationships between its different the workers to make a real struggle against war, „,,„,., fWlNG to the fact that the October' National Union of Railwaymen and the Transport and organisms are based upon reciprocal loyalty, there- militarism and capitalism. I consider it to be my GERMANY \J number of the LABOR HERALD was General Workers Union. Another scheme of federation fore the Congress of Bourges approves unreservedly duty, wherever I may find myself, whether in the devoted entirely to the proceedings of has been accepted by 58 votes against 43 by the United the adhesion of the C. G. T. U. to the R. I. L. U. I. T. F. or outside of it, so long as I call myself a the and General Conference of the T. U. E. L. we were Factory Workers and Textile Workers Association. upon the conditions determined by the 2nd Moscow revolutionary Socialist and so long as I aim to unable to give an outline of the Great German general Amalgamations are planned or actually under way in Congress, and it extends a vote of confidence to work in the interests of the working class, to sacra- strike which resulted in the overthrow of the Cuno gov- many trades, including printing, insurance workers, the responsible militants (Jf the C. G. T. U. and the fice my strength and my life, if necessary, in the ernment. We therefore print it this month. The origin bleachers and dyers, government employees, metal work- Executive Bureau of the R. I. L. U. for the loyal spirit and conviction that has animated me in recent of the _struggle was to be found in the growing poverty ers, and building trades workers. In the latter industry application of the laws and resolutions of the In- months. For I am convinced that it is only by carry- and misery of the German working class and the total a resolution calling for one big union in the building ternational. ing on the class struggle inexorably that the labor inability of the master class or their lackeys, the Social- trades was adopted at the annual conference of the The coming convention at Bourges will be a critical movement will succeed in attaining the end that it Democratic leaders, to relieve the widespread suffering. National Federation of Building Trades Operatives in one in the history of the labor movement in France. has set for itself. The International Transport The crisis developed with the convocation of the Reich- Ilfracombe. As a result negotiations are now on foot The factional war is intense, so much so that an ex- Federation does not expect real results through the stag on August 8th. Tremendous waves of unrest and to consolidate the Amalgamated Society of Wood plosion is possible. The dangerous elements are the intervention of the League of Nations, because of protest swept through the laboring masses. Berlin was Workers and the Amalgamated Union of Building minorities catering to the Berlin International. They experiences already had with it. Only the strength the fountain head of the movement. The'Social Demo- Trades Workers. A ballot is now being taken on the are largely dominated by a secessionist spirit and, if of the working class and international solidarity can crats, following their usual course of betrayal, lined up question of amalgamating the Electrical Trades Union given half a chance, will divide the C. G. T. U. in two. prevent the calamities of a new war. behind the Government and tried to suppress the move- with the National Amalgamated Union of Enginemen, In this destructive enterprise they are being guided and ment. This threw the leadership into the hands of the Firemen, Mechanics, Motormen, and Electrical Workers. N the Kommunistische Gewerkschafter, Communists. The uprising was carried on through the assisted by the Anarcho-Syndicalist theoreticians in Ber- I published in Berlin, a German printer lin, including Rocker, Kater, et al. The majority fac- makes an interesting comparison between factory councils. A great convention of these councils HE situation in France has "become tion are, however, well aware of the splitting tactics was held in Berlin, consisting of 12,000 delegates, on tense in the revolutionary C. G. T. U. present day standards of his trade in Russia and Ger1- August nth. They declared a general strike for the T of the Berliners and may be depended upon to do all many. The advantage is all on the side of the former. regarding the question of international af- possible to outwit them and to maintain the unity of He states that while German printers now receive on an entire country and formulated the following demands: filiations. As things stand now the organization is af- the already badly shattered labor movement. Immediate resignation of Cuno. filiated to the Red International of Labor Unions. But average only two-fifths of the pre-war real wage the Seizure of all foodstuffs to assure provisioning of the there is a strong minority movement against this at- Russian printers are now getting fully as much as they people. T the recent conference of the Central did before the war and their wages are constantly going tachment. This minority, though somewhat divided in A Council of the General Confederation opinion, is of strong Syndicalist tendency and is under up. He gives the following table, stated in gold rubles, Official recognition of the workers' control commis- of Labor held in Milan further steps were to show the rising standards of the Russian workers: sions, the control of the Berlin International.. Another point taken to tie the Italian labor movement to the chariot Abrogation of the interdiction against the arming of in their program is opposition to the trade union com- of the dictator, Mussolini. The one taking the lead in Pre-war wages 34-1 roubles the workers. mittees recently set up in the C. G. T. U. by the Com- this march to the rear is D'Aragona, Secretary of the September, 1922 17. roubles Fixation of minimum salaries in gold for all workers. munist Party. At a recent meeting of the C. G. T. U. Confederation of Labor. D'Aragona was the man above January, 1923 24.3 roubles Re-employment of all unemployment and war-wounded Executive Committee these minority elements, by threat-, all others who stayed the hand of the Italian workers February, 1923 26.9 roubles at regular wages. ening to split the labor movement if their demands were from putting through the revolution in 1920 during the March, 1923 28.1 roubles Abolition of the state of siege. not granted, pushed through a measure calling for a great metal workers' strike. This ruined the labor June, 1923 34- roubles Amnesty for all political prisoners. general convention of the C G. T. U. This will take movement and opened the door for the entry of Fascism. To show the superior purchasing power of real Rus- Energetic .action for the creation of a workers' gov- place in mid-November. ' D'Aragona is now preparing the way for open collabora- sian wages, he presents the following table dealing ernment. In preparation for this convention the divergent ele- tion between the Confederation and Mussolini. This with characteristic articles: - - ments are very active organizing their forces and pro- can only be accomplished by Italian labor giving up all Article Pricir-es . FoFar wh ,._. The strikers tied up the industries everywhere and Moscow Berlin mmust t work in their leaders demanded that the Social-Democratic fac- pagating their views. There are three main divisions. its revolutionary demands and ideals. While still deny- Rbls. Mks. Moscow Berlin tion in the Reichstag insist upon the resignation of One group, headed by the Building Trades Federation, ing that he is a Fascist, D'Aragona is clearly working in hrs. m: rs. min. 1 Egg - — 2.00 5,000. 2 5: 4 15 Cuno. But the Socialists refused. The Vorwarts de- proposes that the C. G. T. U. stay out of all Interna- harmony with Mussolini. He is working for "technical" 1 Kilo macaroni 46.25 52,000 2 2 4 15 nounced the movement and the Communists who were tionals until there can be called a general world con- collaboration with the Government, which he hopes will 1 Kilo rice _ 37.50 32,000 1 40 .2 36 1 Good meal in leading it. They joined hands 'with the Government, vention to unite the three Internationals. Another be followed by a general collaboration. The. Milan con- . ordinary restaurant 40.00 35.QOO 1 25 2 50 which suppressed the Rote Fahne. But the movement group favors staying within the R. I. L. U. provided ference marked an important step in this direction of 10 Small cigarettes 6.00 5,00 0 16 0 24 was irresistible and finally, after two days of it the that its laws are enforced regarding the autonomy of demoralization. 1 Kilo butter 100.00 115,000 4 30 9 22 Socialists, fearing to lose entirely the leadership over the affiliated organizations. This is another way of ad- the masses, deserted Cuno and his government fell. vocating withdrawal, because this group constantly HE chiefs of the Amsterdam Inter- This was a great victory for the workers. It was the charges that the laws are not enforced. Finally there T national are badly shaken up over first time the masses had overthrown a government is the majority opinion, advocated by Monmosseau, the famous conference of the Transport since the historic days of 1918. The influence of the Semard, etc. calling for continued affiliation. The fol- Workers in Berlin during May which decided in favor Are you helping to extend the circula- Communists with the workers has been enormously in- lowing is an extract of a resolution to be presented by of co-operation with the revolutionary Russian labor creased by the affair. With Cuno out, the strike was them to the convention of Bourges: unions and the setting up of a united front generally tion of THE LABOR HERALD ? If you called off. Ebert, the erstwhile saddler, thereupon called The Congress of Bourges registers with great against war and Fascism. They have sabotaged the believe in amalgamation, recognition of into office another henchman of the dying capitalist satisfaction the modifications made by the and decisions of the Berlin conference and have so far system, Streseman, who is making a final effort to fore- Moscow Congress to the statutes and resolutions - blocked the creation of the proposed united front. They Soviet Russia, organisation of the unor- stall the inevitable formation of a German workers' of the Red International of Labor Unions, con- are busy quarrelling amongst themselves over the mat- ganised workers, and the labor party, government. . ' formably to the desires expressed by the General ter. At a recent conference of the General Council of there is no better means to establish these Congress of the C. G. T. U. held in St. Etienne. • the International Transport Federation the battle got TTHE process of consolidation proceeds In recognizing the autonomy of the French trade so hot that Fimmen and others offered their resigna- burning issues. Subscriptions are easily ENGLAND 1 ' apace in the British labor move- union movement, in suppressing the clause pro- tions. These were not accepted. Biddegary, the notor- secured with a little systematic effort. ment. It is taking the form of federa- viding for organic liason, included in Article XI iously reactionary French railroad leader, asserts that tion and amalgamation. There are several new federa- and in the resolutions voted at the first Congress of Fimmen practically confessed that he had made a mis- Bundle orders sell readily in all union tions in course of development. One of these is in the the R. I. L. U., the 2nd Moscow Congress has per- take in the Berlin conference, but Semard, the leader meetings. Can we expect your co-op- entertainment trades, the three unions of Actors, Music- mitted the French labor movement to develop nor- of the revolutionary union of French railroad workers, ians, and Theatrical Employees, with a total member- mally and to realize the greatest possible working quotes Fimmen as haying said the following in the de- eration? ship of 40,000, having united their forces into the En- class unity, by giving it the opportunity to group • - bates : tertainments Federation. A federation, mostly for or- within its ranks all tendencies of the labor move- ganizing purposes, has -also been set up between the I say this openly: Regardless of what may be the ment. decision arrived at, I shall continue my efforts to THE LABOR HERALD November, 1923

The Menace of the Burns-Daugherty Red Raids Still Exists William Z. Foster Is Again to Be Brought to Trial! FASCISM The enemies of Labor are preparing to make a tremendous effort Has conquered Italy, and threatens the working class of Germany and all Central to convict Foster and to send.him to prison along with Ruthenberg Europe. It is raising its head in America and, in its various forms, is boldly making a bid and the thirty other victims of the Michigan Red raids. for power through conspiracy and violence. It is insidiously weaving itself into the trade unions of America. In order to combat this menace, Fascism must be understood. The first complete explanation published in America is contained in the new pamphlet Struggle of the Trade Unions Against Fascism ... - ...... By Andreas Nin With an Introduction by Earl R. Browder . . This pamphlet is necessary for every militant trade unionist who wants to • combat Fascism, the'sinister conspiracy that attempts to divide the workers against one another and destroy their class organizations. At the same time it is easy to read and intensely interesting. A timely and fascinating booklet that will sell readily in every labor union and gathering of workers. . •

40 pages, heavy paper cover...... r Rates, single copies, 15c, per copy. -;.:/, <:;, ' .-..>• 10 to 100 copies, lOc. per copy. '

AMALGAMATION By Jay Fox A new pamphlet that covers the field in a thoroughgoing fashion. Facts, figures, and argument, arrayed in unanswerable combination, are at the same time handled with Fox's well-known humorous touch which makes his writing so easy and pleasant to read. A fundamental pamphlet, which every militant trade union- We Must Stand and Fight Again ist must have. This work will become one of the widest-read in the labor movement. You should organize wide distribution of We must shatter once and for all this Red Raid menace which it through the union ranks. Send in your order now for a bundle. holds the constant threat of prison for all courageous labor leaders. We must again provide Foster with a defense such as last year won the 48 pages, paper cover. victory and prevented his conviction. ; Rates, single copies, 15c per copy Our Dollars and Our Militant Activity Will Do It! 10 to 100 copies, lOc per copy Labor Defense Council . Larger quantities, special prices on application. Federation Bldg. Here is my wallop at the Burns-Daug- The Trade Union Educational League 166 W. Washington St. herty Red-Raid menace. Enclosed please W. Z. Foster, Sec'y-Treas. 106 N. La Salle St., Chicago Chicago, 111. find $ , for the Michigan Defense. The Backbone of the Famine is Broken—But lal O*3an *f TKe Trade Union Education A New Famine is On

Europe is on the brink of bankruptcy In Soviet Russia there exists: Russia is on the road to recovery A great hunger for Cultural Education The Franc and the Mark are dancing A great hunger for Scientific Education the mad dance of disintegration A great hunger for Efficient Farming The Ruble is steadily forging upward Methods With a little help Russia can fully re- construct herself and an urgent need for: Upon a reconstructed Russia depends Apparatus the condition of the world market Raw Material Upon the condition of the world mar- ket depends the condition of the far- Tools mers and workers here in America Tractors

RECOGNITION RECONSTRUCTION of Russia MEANS of Russia

SIGN

Here or Here

Friends of Soviet Russia I Friends of Soviet Russia 32 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111. , 32 S. Wabash Ave., Chicago, 111. I enclose $ to be applied to the General As a true friend of the Workers' and Peasants' republic 1 Tractor Fund with which to purchase tractors for Russia next i hereby enclose $ , to signify my willingness Spring. I to continue to help Soviet Russia in whatever form the need may require. NAME 1 NAME ADDRESS I ADDRESS CITY.

CITY- —__ PROFESSION _ I PROFESSION Lab. H. , Lab. H.

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