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An Archaeological Survey of Goshen Valley, Utah County, Central Utah

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An Archaeological Survey of Goshen Valley, Utah County, Central Utah Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 1968 An Archaeological Survey of Goshen Valley, Utah County, Central Utah Leland Gilsen Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons, and the Mormon Studies Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Gilsen, Leland, "An Archaeological Survey of Goshen Valley, Utah County, Central Utah" (1968). Theses and Dissertations. 4716. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4716 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. ANXN archaeological SURVEY OF GOSHEN valdeyVALLEYV EY UTAH COUNTY CENTRAL UTAH A thesis presented to the department of anthropology and archaeology brigham young university in partial fulfifulcifulfillmentent of the requirements for the degree of master of arts by lelandleiandlefand gilsengil611 sen august 1968 PREFACE the objectives of this thesis are threefold 1 to survey and record thetine archaeology ccii sites in goshen valleyvaileyvalleysvalleyg 2 evaluate the materials found during the survey and 3 to discover if there is a dividing line between the provo seriersevier fremont region as outlined by ambler 1966 little has been done archarchaeologicallyaelloaeolo gi callyeaily around utah lake tietlevietiievilevliebast ecological setting for ancient peoples along the wasatch front and several hypothesis concerning the breakdown of the fremont area into subdivisions revolve around goshen vallebovalleyo green 196480196480o1964800 the survey was conducted during the last half of the summer of 1966 on a part time basisbarisobasiso arrangements were made with james mock who was excavating spotten cave in genola so that the survey could be done on a operativecooperativeco basbasisbarisobasisois WsW woaldwould excavate in the cave for three days then 1 survey two1wo days and thetrie ffollowingwing week reverse so that three days were spehspenspew surveying and two excavatingexcavatingoexcavatingo in this way we gained experience in both cave excavation and surface site surveyingsurveyingosurveyingo we concentrated on the currentcu rrent creek cndandandund kimball creek drainadrainagesdrainagesogeso some work was done in the sand dunesduries around the saltsalz ponds and along the eastern slope of the tinticgintic ranceearranean we were never able to spend the time needed for a survey of the dunes around the southernbouthern end of utah lake our visit to this area confined to the area around 42utl0342utlo3 appreciation is expressed to ross T christensen chairman of the department of anthropology and archaeology for the use of equipment and laborlabonlaboratoryatory fafacilities04 litj-es at brigham young universityuniversityo special thanks go to ray Tte matheny for his help and advice and also his time spent in aerial photography in an experiment to test the value of this method of site surveying in4an the utah desert special thanks go also to janesjames mock and my wifegwinegwife patspat for the long hours spent in walking the many miles in the vallebovalleyvaileyvalleyo also to earl and jay woodard residents of goshen who helped in the excavation of the woodard mount mrmroamro woodard spent many hours among the residents of the valley gleaning information on archaeological sites from the residents and then spent many hours in the field guiding our party to these new sitessltessitesoditeso appreciation is also expressed to those students of the brigham young university field class of 196661966671966 676 who gave up their thanksgiving holidays to excavate at the woodard moundboundomoundo theyoney are bill jonesjoness bruce louthan judy conner beverly earl and elaine thurberthurberoThurthurbergbero thanks also goes to bryant and shurman jones of payson for their volunteered time and back hoe at the woodard mound excavation knowledgementacknowledgementAc is given to dr jesse Ddo jennings for coming out to look at 42ut1o442u1104 and 42ut2342ut273 for his advice and for his kindness for allow- ing james mock and myself to study the collections of the university of utah also thanks go to floyd wo sharrock who allowed us to work with the nephi materials whiwhilele they were being processed all specimens recovered during the survey are now stored at the museum of archaeology and ethnology brigham young university provo utahitahoutaho LG august 1967 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE 9 0 9 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i1 OF usiusnLIST FIGURES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ii chapter 1lo10 introduction 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Aao theoretical Developdevelopmedevelopmentsmentsants with regard to the fremont culture 0 09 09 0 9 9 0 0 0 0 9.9 0 ol01 Bbo goshen Vvalleyey history e 0 0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0088 11 physiography 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 A Vvalleyvaileyey location 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 B geology 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 C hydrology 0 0 0 0 12 doD climate 9 a e 9 e 0 0a 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 14 E flora 0 e 0 9 9 0 0 0 0 e e 14 6 fauna 0 0 e e 9 0 u 0 0 0 9 16 illoiilo1110 procedures e 0 9 e e e e e 0 e 9 e 0 0 0 0 0 a 17 A field method 0 0 9 e 9 0 e 0 0 0 0 0 e 0 17 B laboratory method 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0a 0 0 0 0 0 18 IV descriptions OF SITES 0 0 0 0 20 As A types of sites 0 0 e & 9 e 0 0 9 0 e 9 21 Bbo site descriptions 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 V excavation AT SITE 42uu0442utlo4 WOODARD mounirMOUNDS 0 0 57 vlVI CERAMICS 0 e 09 e e e 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0a 0 0 0 0 76 Aao S sandlingsanylingSanyling methods & 0 e e & 0 e 0 0 0 0 0 76 bab0B types and varieties 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 76 Cco sherd analysis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 87 doD reworked sherdsshards e 9 e a 0 0 0a 09 e 9 91 E pipes e 9 9 0 9 a 0 9 0 93 VII NON CERAMIC SPECIMNSSPECIMENS 0 10 1 IV Is 0 0 94 A chipped stone 1 11 1.1 0 16 16 6 6 0 0 0 0 0 94 1 projectile points 0 94 2 scrapers 0 0 0 0 0 104 3 knives 0 Q 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 107 ae 1 1 44e drills Is 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 112 550 choppers 0 0 9 0 1.1 0 0 115 60 1 .0 6 hammerstonesHammer stones 19 0 16 0 0 0 0 Is 0 0 0 115 Bbo smoothed stone 0 0 0 0a 1 a 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 117 1 metakesmetates 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 6 a 0 117 220 manos 0 10 0 1 0 0 a 0 0 1 0 Is 1 0 0 0 0 119 330 grooved stone balls 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 e 0a 0 120 440 shaft smoothers 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 122 Cco worked bone 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 1lo10 awlkwiawlsawiss 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 125 22aaa flaking tools 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 9 9 0 0 0 0 0 127 3 beads of bone and shell 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 127 40 Ggamingng pieces e e 9 e 9 0 0 0 0 130 D unfired dayclaymay objects 0 9 0 9 a 0 9 e e 9 w 9 e a 131 E miscellaneous specimens 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 a 136 viliVIII discussion 0 0 140 A settlement pattern 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 B ceramic indicators 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 142 C relationships of goshen valley to the fremont culture 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 a 146 bibliography 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 148 LIST OF FIGURES figure perepegepage 1 map of the fremont area 6 2 42utio342utl03 23 3 woodard mound feature 2 61 4 woodard mount feature 171 7 62 5 cache pits of the woodard mound 0 63 6aaa camparativecomparativeCampara tive data on pottery types of the woodard mound 69 ab6b same data with ceramics clustered types 0 70 6cac same data with squares clustered types 71 707 profiles of trenches 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 72 0 0 0 73 808 profiles of square liiIII111 0 gadgedd pottery frequency and distribution 838683 86 10 reworked sherdsshardsand pipe 0 0 0 92 11 projectile points 0 0 0 0 95 12 projectile points 0 0 0 0 0 0 97 13013 projectile points 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 14 distribution of projectile points 0 0 0 0 103 15 scrapers 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 ige160igo 16 distribution of scrapers 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 106 0 0 0 0 0 0 108 17 knives 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 knives and scrapers 0 I1 11 0 110 0 0 0 0 0 111 19 distribution of knives 0 0 illliilililiIII 0 0 113 20 drills 0 0 0 21 distribution of drills 0 0 114 22022 choppers 0 0 0 0 116 fifigure6 page 23 measurement and distribution of discoidal manos 0 119 24 sinkers and shaft smoothers 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 121 25 distribution of traits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 123 26 bone awls and flakersflamers 0 0 0 0 9 126 2 beads and gaming pieces 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 129 28 figurines 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 132 29290 trait distribution of fremonfremontt figurines of the provo sevier area 0 0 0 a 0a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 134 30 miscellaneous specimens 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 e a e 0 137 81430143 31 ceramic bearing sites in the valley 0 0 a 0 0 0 e 9 143143.143 32 ceramic distribution within the valley by type 0 0 144 CHAPTER ONE introduction theoretical developmentsOPMENTS WITH REGARD TO THE FREMONT CULTURE the theoretical concept of the fremont culture has been in a state of modification since the earliest archaeological explorations indicated that a prehistoric fanningfarming culture had existed in utahitahoutaho morss 1931 wass one of the first to call the material remains excavated by judd 1919 1926 and the sites discovered during his survey of the sevier riverrivers a northern peripheral area to the southwestsouthwestoSouthwesto the early excavatorsexcavaexcavatoryexcavatorsqtors such as judd were misled into believing that the pit houses found in utah were kivas because the tunnel entrance to the structures looked like kiva ventilator shafts judd and morss believed that the kiva and the associ- ated farming complex
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