Sixto Carlos Papers 1965-2006

International Institute of Social History Cruquiusweg 31 1019 AT Amsterdam The Netherlands

hdl:10622/ARCH03044

Table of contents

Sixto Carlos Papers...... 3 Context...... 3 Content and Structure...... 3 Access and Use...... 4 Preliminary list...... 4 Accrual 2011...... 5 Accrual 2015...... 5 Accrual 2016...... 5

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Sixto Carlos Papers

Collection ID ARCH03044 Creator Carlos, Sixto Period 1965-2006 Extent 0.25 m. Language list English Language of Material English

Context

Biographical Note Born in Pandacan, Manilla, Philippines 27 February 1947; instructor and head of the Political Science Department of the Philippine College of Commerce 1969-1971; national officer of the activist national youth organization Kabataang Makabayan (Nationalist Youth) 1965-1967; co- founder of the activist national youth organization Samahan ng Demokratikong Kabataan-SDK (League of Democratic Youth) 1967-1971; member of the Communist Party of the Philippines 1971-1992; member of the CPP Central Committee 1975-1992, head of the CPP National Democratic Front Commission 1977-1979; head of the CPP International Department 1984-1992; representative for Europe of the National Democratic Front 1984-1992; political prisoner under the Marcos dictatorship 1979-1983; adopted and supported by Amnesty International Netherlands as a political prisoner; lived after his release as a political refugee in the Netherlands 1984-1996; returned later to the Philippines; worked with human rights communities in the Philippines through Balay Rehabilitation Center 1996-2001; member of Akbayan! Citizens Action Party from 1999, member of its national Executive Committee 2004-2007 and International Secretary 2001-2007.

Content and Structure

Content Identity papers 1998-2000; letters of appeal and documents on his release from prison 1982-1983; drawings by children of political prisoners 1981; file on the removal of his name from the Plaza Miranda Bombing (21 August 1971), blacklist 1971-1972; documentation 1965-2006. Accrual 2016: documents on the imprisonment period of Sixto Carlos 1979-1982.

Processing Information Preliminary list by Eef Vermeij, list of the accruals by Bouwe Hijma in 2011, 2015 and 2016.

Subjects

Geographic Names Philippines

Persons

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Carlos-Ebro, Cristine Diokno, José W. Logarta, Margarita T.

Organizations Akbayan! Citizens Action Party Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) Kabataang Makabayan (Nationalist Youth) Samahan ng Demokratikong Kabataan-SDK (League of Democratic Youth)

Materiaaltype Archival material Photos

Access and Use

Access Restricted For consultation (written) permission of the depositor is required

Preferred Citation Sixto Carlos Papers, inventory number ..., International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam

Preliminary list

1a Letters written by people in France asking for the release of Sixto Carlos from prison. 1982. 1 folder 1b Order of the Ministry of National Defense of the Republic of the Philippines recommending for the release of Sixto Carlos. With some other documents. 1983. 1 folder 2 Child drawings by children of political prisoners. 1981 and n.d. 1 folder 3 Report of an Amnesty International Mission to the Republic of the Philippines 11-28 November 1981. 1982. 1 quire 4A-B Magazines and newspapers. 1971, 1979-1980, 1983, 1989, 2006. 2 folders 5 Photos. 1 folder NB. Photos transferred to the Image and Sound Department of the IISH. 6A-B Documents on the Supreme Court case on the request of Sixto Carlos asking for the removal of his name from the Plaza Miranda bombing blacklist. 1971-1972. 2 folders 7 Identity cards. 1998-2000 and n.d.. 1 folder NB. Including a small part of the accruals received in 2011. 8 Various documents. 1965, 1969, 1978, 1983, 1993, 2000, 2003-2005 and n.d. 1 folder

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NB. Including a small part of the accruals received in 2011.

Accrual 2011

9 Various documents on a draft petition for General Amnesty in the Philippines. [1980s]. 1 cover 10 Copy of a letter from the Chief of Staff of the Republic of the Philippines to the Director, Administration of Detention Center, directing to effect the release of Sixto Carlos Jr. [1983]. 1 piece 11 'Sixto Carlos, Jr. A Man comes home, a Family is complete' by Margarita T. Logarta in Who. Vol. 5, no. 35 (November 30, 1983), pp. 19-21. 1983. 1 quire

Accrual 2015

12 Photocopy of a letter from Christine Carlos to Prime Minister Ferdinand Marcos. 1982. 1 piece 13 Letter from Lolita L. Lacson (The United Presbyterian Church in the United States of America) to Mr. and Mrs. Carlos. 1982. 1 piece 14 Philippine Panorama. Sunday Magazine of the Bulletin Today. November 13, 1983. With the article 'The Children Ask, When Will the Long Wait End' by Lorna Kalaw-Tirol on Christine and Sixto Carlos and their children, and other comparable situations, p. 6-47. 1983. 1 volume

Accrual 2016

15 Letters of Sixto Carlos Jr. 1980-1981. 1 cover NB. 'These are letters of Sixto Carlos, Jr., smuggled out of his isolation detention cell during some visits by his wife, Cristine Ebro, 1980-1981. Letters were adressed to his parents, retired Colonel Sixto Carlos and Carmen Sackermann Carlos and his sister, Diana Carlos Sy-Quia'. 16 Copies from a Japanese magazine. N.d. 1 cover NB. 'In the late 1950s, while an elementary student at the San Beda College, a school in Manila run by Benedictine priests, Sixto was chosen model student by the Associated Press along with a girl student, Maria Zenaida Santos of Saint Paul College. A Japanese magazine decided to feature the model students citing their school and home activities complete with photos'. 17 Letter from Jose W. Diokno to Cristine Carlos. 1982. 1 cover NB. 'During his detention, Sixto's lawyer was senator José W. Diokno [1922-1987], a prominent progressive politician and human rights lawyer, who, for a time, was also detained by Marcos law regime. The letter from Senator Diokno dated August 20, 1982, adressed to Sixto's wife, Cristine, gives an update of Sixto's case in court where he was formally charged only two years after his arrest'. 18 Two leaflets on the fate of Sixto Carlos Jr. 1979-1980. 1cover NB. 'Because media was controlled by the martial law government and by cronies of Marcos, there was a blackout on information about arrests and disappearances like Sixto's. Such information could come out only in publications of human rights groups run by libertarian religious organizations like TFDP. Task Force Detainees of the Philippines (TFDP) Call to Action July 31, 1979. Several civic, religious

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and human rights organizations like TFDP, even amidst martial restrictions, took courageous action to inform the public about the disappearance of Sixto and to appeal to the Marcos government to surface and release him from detention'. 19 Two offers to Sixto Carlos Jr. 1982. 1cover NB. 'While in detention, several foreign organizations and educational institutions in Europe and USA offered to provide scholarships to Sixto in exchange for his release from detention by the martial law government'. 20 Photocopies of his passport. 1993. 1 cover NB. 'The first Netherlands passport of Sixto Carlos after he became a Dutch citizen in 1993'. 21 Photo of Sixto Carlos. 1982. 1 photo NB. 'The photo was taken during the indefinite fast undertaken by Sixto along with other political prisoners in 1982 at the Bicutan Detention Center in Manila. Indefinite fasts and hunger strikes were resorted to by martial law detainees to call attention to the plight of political prisoners and to obtain an improvement in their conditions of detention'. 22 Letters from Cristine Carlos. 1982. 1 cover NB. 'Letters of thanks sent to supporters of detained Sixto Carlos, Jr.'.

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