. 1933 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 853 Also, a bill
Resolved, That copies of this resolution be forthwith transmitted In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and atnxed to the President of the United States, the President of the United hereto the seal of the State of Oregon. Done at the capitol, at States Senate, and the Speaker of the House of Representatives Salem, Oreg., this 17th day of March A.D. 1933. at Washington, D.C., and to each Member of the Oregon delega (SEAL] HAL E. Hoss, tion in Congress. Secretary of State. Adopted by the house March 1, 1933. E. w. SNELL, The VICE PRESIDENT also laid before the Senate the Speaker of the House. following concurrent resolution of the Legislature of the Concurred in by the Senate March 7, 1933. State of Texas, which was referred to the Committee on FRED E. KinDLE, Military Affairs: President of the Senate. Endorsed: House Joint Memorial No. 13 (introduced by Mr. Senate Concurrent Resolution 27 Childs and Senator Woodward). Whereas for some 14 years the War Department of the United W. F. DRAGER, States maintained Fort D. A. Russell, a military outpost of con Chief Clerk. siderable importance because of its strategic location as a pro Filed March 9, 1933. tection for many miles of territory bordering the Republic of HAL E. Hoss, Mexico; and Secretary of State. Whereas the climate of the area in the Davis Mountains, in STATE OF OREGON, which was located this historic fort, is such as to provide all OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE. year-round facilities for the training of soldiers in the service I, Hal E. Ross, secretary of state of the State of Oregon, and of our country, who perform a duty the value of which .ts un custodian of the seal of said State, do hereby certify that I have limited; and carefully compared the annexed copy of House ~oint Memorial Whereas with the beginning of this year, 1933, the said Fort No. 13 with the original thereof filed in the otnce of the secretary D. A. Russell, at Marfa, Tex., was abandoned and deserted by of state March 3, 1933, and that the same is a full, true, and cor the War Department by transferring its personnel. which was rect transcript therefrom and of the whole thereof, together with composed of a Cavalry unit, to Kentucky for the purpose of having all endorsements thereon. it motarized; and In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and atnxed Whereas there now remains on the site of this fort sutncient hereto the seal of the State of Oregon. Done at the capitol at equipment and buildings to reestablish to good effect the military Salem, Oreg., this 17th day of March A.D. 1933. post which for so long so ably protected from invasion by [SEAL} HAL E. Ross, neighboring foreigners many miles of valuable property; and Secretary of State. Whereas since the 1st of January 1933 five raids of such mag nitude as to create much fear and unrest among residents of the House Joint Memorial 15 border section adjacent to Mexico have been made upon the prop erty herewith enumerated, the Chiante Ranch, January 22; the To the honorable Senate and House of Representatives of the Jake Baldwin Ranch, February 8; the Jack Rawls Ranch, Febru United States of America in Congress assembled: · ary 25; the J. L. Sublett ranch, March 2; and the L. C. Brite ranch, We, your memorialists, the Legislative Assembly of the State of March 3, all of which is confined within the bounds of Presidio Oregon, respectively represent that-- County, which in territorial extent embodies an area comparable Whereas the Congress of the United States of America has pro in size to the combined States of Rhode Island and Delaware; and vided in the act approved July 21, 1932, creating the Reconstruc Whereas with the abandonment of Fort D. A. Russell the pro tion Finance Corporation for loans to and for the relief of banks, tecting buffer for huge distances along the Mexican border has savings banks, trust companies, building and loan associations, been remov~d and hundreds of miles of territory are now without insurance companies, and other similar organizations on account protection, and as a direct result this portion of Texas-the south of the assets of such organizations not being liquid; and western ·boundary of the United States-is in a state of consider Whereas various boards, commissions, and departments of the able demoralization because of the absence of the influence exerted State of Oregon and municipal corporations thereof and of other by a unit of the military sutncient in size to adequately pro States have the custody, control, and management of trust, sink tect the life and property of its citizens: Now, therefore, be it ing, and other funds invested in bonds, notes, mortg~ges, and Resolved by the Senate of the State of Texas (the house of other securities which, because of the present econonnc condi representatives concurring) That the honorable George H. Dern, tions are not liquid, and which, if the necessity arose requiring Secretary of War, Washington, D.C., be petitioned to restore and the liquidation thereof, would result in serious and irreparable to reestablish this most important military post at Marfa, Tex.; damage to such funds; and be it further Whereas the only relief to prevent such loss and damage must Resolved, That a copy of this resolution be sent the Honorable come from an amendment to said act of July 21, 1932, authorizing George H. Dern, Secretary of War, and the Honorable John Nance the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to make loans to such Garner, Vice President of the United States. boards, commissions, and departments of the State of Oregon and EnGAR E. WITT, municipal corporations thereof and of other States for the relief President of the Senate. of such funds: Now, therefore, be it I hereby certify that Senate Concurrent Resolution No. 27 was Resolved by the House of Representatives of the State of Oregon adopted by the senate March 9, 1933. (the Senate jointly concurring therein), That we do most earnestly BoB BARKER, urge that the Congress of the United States amend the act ap Secretary of the Senate. proved July 21, 1932, creating the Reconstruction Finance Cor CoKE R. STEVENSON, portion, .to authorize such Reconstruction Finance Corporation to Speaker of the House of Representatives. loan moneys to boards, commissions, and departments of the sev eral States and the municipal corporations thereof for the relief I hereby certify that Senate Concurrent Resolution No. 27 was of trust, sinking, and other funds; and be it further adopted by the house of representatives March 16, 1933. Resolved, That copies of this memorial be forthwith trans LOUISE SNOW PHINNEY, mitted to the President of the United States, the President of the Chief Clerk of the House of Representatives. United States Senate, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, The VICE PRESIDENT also laid before the Senate the and to each Member of the Oregon delegation in Congress. Adopted by the house March 4:, 1933. following joint resolution of the Legislature of the State of E. W. SNELL, Wisconsin, which was referred to the Committee on Bank Speaker of the House. ing and Currency: Concurred in by the senate March 9, 1933. STATE OF WISCONSIN. FRED E. KinDLE, Joint resolution memorializing the Congress of the United States President of the Senate. to issue $13,000,000,000 in currency to finance necessary public Endorsed: House Joint Memorial No. 15. (Introduced by Doctor works and to make loans to farmers and to ltquidate frozen Dammash.) assets W. F. DRAGER, Whereas month by month economic conditions in the United Chief Clerk. States have been growing steadily worse; 12,000,000 people are Filed March 10, 1933. now unemployed; more than a million families are dependent on HAL E. Ross, public or private charity for support; farm prices are the lowest Secretary of State. they have been in more than a generation and nearly half the STATE OF OREGON, farmers are in imminent danger of losing their farms; and the OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE. State and local governments are now very nearly at the end of I, Hal E. Ross, secretary of state of the State of Oregon, and their resources; and custodian of the seal of said State, do hereby certify that I have Whereas there is no possibility of economic recovery unle~s carefully compared the annexed copy of House Joint Memorial work is provided for the unemployed, frozen assets are made No. 15 with the original thereof filed in the office of the secretary liquid, and farmers, business men. and home owners are freed of state March 10, 1933, and that the same is a full, true, and cor from the imminent dangers of foreclosure and dispossession; and rect transcript therefrom and of the whole thereof, together with Whereas these fundamental objects cannot possibly be at all endorsements thereon. tained through loans at high rates of interest. such as have 856 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 27 been made by the Reconstruction ·Finance Corporation, but can STATE OF ARIZONA, be effected through an increase in the currency: Therefore be 1t OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY. Resolved by the senate (the assembly concurring), Tha.t the UNITED STATES OJ' AMERICA, Legislature of Wisconsin hereby respectfully memorialize the state of Arizona, ss: Congress of the United States to make immediate provision for I, James H. Kerby, secretary of State, do hereby certify that the the issuance of $13,000,000,000 of money, $8,000,000,000 of this within is a true, correct, and complete copy of House Memorial amount in currency and $5,000,000,000 in labor certificates to be 5, regular session, eleventh legislature, State of Arizona, entitled negotiable as currency, which amount is to be expended to pro "Providing for the retention of veterans' benefits," all of which vide work for the 1m.employed on necessary public works. The $8,000,000,000 in currency to be used as outlined herein: $3,000,- is shown by the original engrossed copy on file in this department. 000,000 for refinancing the farmers and manufacturers, $2,000,- In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and affixed the 000,000 for the liquidation of frozen indebtedness in mortgages, great seal of the State of Arizona. Done at Phoenix, the capital banks, and building and loan associations, and $3,000,000,000 to be this 14th day of March A.D. 1933. ' loaned to States and political subdivisions for relie! purposes and [SEAL] JAMES H. KERBY, the liquidation of their Indebtedness. The $8,000,000,000 which is Secretary of State. to be loaned to farmers, banks, and building and loan associa House Memorial 5, providing for the retention of veterans' benefits tions, and to State and local governments is to bear no interest, but is to be repaid in a 20-year period, 5 percent each year, To the President and the Congress of the United States: which is to apply on principal and not as an interest charge; be Your memorialist, the House of Representatives of ·the Legisla it further ture of the State of Arizona, respectfully represents: Resolved, That properly attested copies of this resolution be Whereas there is now pending in the United States Congress transmitted to the presiding officers of both Houses of the Con legislation that will give the President of the United States power gress of the United States and each Wisconsin Member thereof. to reduce veterans' benefits which have heretofore been enacted C. T. YOUNG, into law; and Speaker of the Assembly. Whereas this would place approximately 80 percent of the vet JOHN J. SLOCUM, erans receiving these benefits on local charity and reduce the vet Chief Clerk of the Assembly. erans' benefits approximately $4,000,000 in the State of Arizona; THOMAS J. O'MALLEY, and President of the Senate. Whereas this will increase local and State taxes and will place R. A. CoBBAN, the responsibility for the care of these disabled veterans upon the Chief Clerk of the Senate. citizens and taxpayers of this State where otherwise the National Government is now caring for them: Now, therefore, be it The VICE PRESIDENT also laid before the Senate a me Resolved by the House of Representatives of the Eleventh Legis morial of the Legislature of the State of Maine, favoring the lature of the State of Arizona in regular session assembled, That passage · of such measures as will secure the consideration in view of these conditions the Congress of the United States be and use of granite in Federal construction in the State of memorialized to establish in Arizona facilities for the hospital treatment of tubercular and neuropsychiatric cases, and that the Maine and other States, which was referred to the Commit said Con~ess of the United States appropriate approx.imately the tee on Public Buildings and Grounds. amount of $4,000,000 for such hospital treatment if there is to
STATE OF NEW YORK, legislation to relieve the existing national economic emer IN SENATE, gency by increasing agricultural purchasing power, which Albany, February 21, 1933. By Mr. McNa.boe were referred to the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. Whereas the judges of the United States district court in and for He also presented an article by R. G. Phillips, secretary the southern district of New York, by the frequent appointment of the International Apple Association, of Rochester, N.Y., of a State banking institution as the receiver in bankruptcy pro relative to the apple export situation, which was referred to ceedings, have created an unwholesome and undesirable condition the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. in the administration of justice in such district; and Whereas this situation has C&USed deep public concern in that He also presented a resolution adopted by Scarsdale Post, the fiduciary relationship which should exist in an officer of a court No. 52, American Legion, of Scarsdale, N.Y., endorsing the in a judicial proceeding cannot be maintained by a large corpora· President's program for economy, which was ordered to lie tlon without any professional responsibility or obligation to the litigants; and on the table. Whereas a large volume of professional legal employment which PERSECUTION OF JEWS legitimately belongs to the legal profession in such district is Mr. ROBINSON of Indiana. Mr. President, I have just diverted to said banking corporation; and Whereas tt is the sense of the Legislature of the State of New received a telegram from South Bend, Ind., which I desire York that the appointment of members of the legal profession, to read, as follows: i:o.stead of such banking institution, would be in the interest of SOUTH BEND, IND., March 27, 1933. serving the various estates administered and in the interest of a. Hon. ARTHUR R. RoBINSON, more desirable administration of justice: Now, therefore, be it United States Senator of Indiana, Washington, D.C.: Resolved (if the a83embly concur), That the Congress of the Representatives of all faiths are joining South Bend Jewry in United States be, and hereby is., memorialized speedily to enact mass demonstration M-onday night, March 27, to express protest appropriate legislation to prohibit this situation longer to exist to against maltreatment of Jews in Germany. We direct ourselves to the end that a monopoly in the appointment of receivers and other you as our worthy representative to join in the enlightened opin court o:mcers by the Federal district judges in the southern dis ion of civili.zed mankind, which is shocked at the manifestation trict of New York be discontinued; and be it further of inhumanity against the cultured people of Germany. We Resolved, That a copy of this resolution be transmitted to the would appreciate your expression of sympathy, which we would Secretary of the Senate, to the Clerk of the House of Representa like to present at the mass protest meeting. tives, and to each member of Congress and the United States Sen PRoTEST MEETING COMMITTEE, ate elected from the State of New York. BENJAMIN PISER, By order of the senate. Associates Building. P. H. O'CoNNELL, Clerk. IN AsSEMBLY, The VICE PRESIDENT. The telegram will be referred to March 22, 1933. the Committee on Foreign Relations. Concurred in without amendment. By order of the assembly. Mr. ROBINSON of Indiana. Mr. President, along the FRED W. HAMMOND, Clerk. same line I have received a copy of a resolution adopted by Mr. COPELAND also presented a resolution adopted by Louis Marshall Lodge, No. 1130, of the Independent Order Madison County Pomona Grange, of Chittenango, N.Y., of B'nai B'rith, of East Chicago, Ind., protesting against the favoring the revaluation of the gold dollar and the establish treatment of Jews in Germany, which I ask may be incor ment of a monetary system whereby prices of commodities porated in the RECORD. may be stabilized upon a sound and honest basis, which was There being no objection, the resolution was referred to referred to the Committee on Finance. the Committee on Foreign Relations and ordered to be He also presented a resolution adopted by the New York printed in the RECORD, as follows: State Directorate American Association for the Recognition Whereas over half a million Jews in Germany are now being of the Irish Republic, of New York City, N.Y., favoring the subjected to cruel persecution by the Hitler regime, culminating in the crippling, maiming, and even murder of innocent Jews, full and prompt payment of indebtedness by European debt their home being invaded and ransacked and their property de ors to the United States, which was referred to the Com stroyed-a terrorism, brutality, and cruelty that even surpass the mittee on Finance. barbarism and vandalism of the darkest of the dark ages; and Whereas in addition to the inhuman treatment and persecution He also presented a resolution adopted by the East Glen of over half a mlllion German Jews, the Hitler regime and its fol ville Civic Organization, of Schenectady, N.Y., favoring a lowers stand accused and convicted of perpetrating the same bar limitation of the maximum hours of labor to 126 hours per baric attacks and cruel terroristic mistreatment of Americans of month and a minimum rate of $1 per hour, which was re the Jewish faith on the streets of Germany: Now, therefore, the Louis Marshall Lodge, No. 1130, of the Independent Order of B'nal ferred to the Committee on Education and Labor. B'rith, of East Chicago, Ind., at its regular meeting held this 22d He also presented a petition of sundry citizens of Staten day of March, 1933, in the said city of East Chicago, Ind., adopts Island, N.Y., praying for the passage of legislation prohibit the following resolution: Be it resolved, That in the name of humanity and in the name ing the exportation of arms or munitions of war, which was of the true American spirit of freedom, tolerance. and equal pro referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. tection for all its citizens, which is so clearly expressed in the He also presented a resolution adopted by the Lake Placid Declaration of Independence and in the Constitution of the United States of America, we appeal to the Government of the United Nearly one fourth of the banks which were open and doing United States be, and hereby is, urged to inttiate and enact such business when the bank holiday was declared have been denied m~asures as will secure the consideration and use of granite in permission to reopen. Depositors and stockholders are being Federal construction in the State of Maine and other States; and robbed of their property rights by this unwarranted, outrageous, be it further and, in many instances, absolutely illegal act of the agents of the Resolved, That certified copies of this resolution, duly certified Federal Reserve bank. It must be remembered that the plight by the secretary of state, be forwarded to the President of the of the banks 1s itself due to the ignorant, cowardly, and vicious Senate and to the Speaker of the House of Representatives at conduct of the Federal Reserve bank which led up to the forced Washington, and to the several Senators and Representatives from holiday, and now, by its absolutely unwarranted, incompetent the State of Maine in the Congress of the United States. administration of the banking laws having reduced nearly one lN SENATE CHAMBER, March 16, 1933. third of the banks in the United States to helplessness, proceeds Adopted and sent down for concurrence. for the benefit of still undisclosed interests to prevent the re ROYDEN V. BRoWN, Secretary. opening of one fourth of the banks that were stm open in its vicious attempt to force a repudiated Federal Reserve System on HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVJCS. the country and to compel the acceptance of a branch-banking Adopted March 17, 1933. system which our people have repudiated every time they have HARVEY R. PEASE, Clerk. had a chance. STATE 01' MAINE, Very truly yours, OFFICE 01' SECRETARY OF STATE. I. Robinson C. Tobey, secretary of state of the State of Maine, and custodian of the seal of said State, do hereby certify: Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. Mr. President, the letter That I have carefully compared the annexed copy of the me just read by the Senator from Indiana apparently assumes morial to the Congress of the United States of the Senate and that all banks which were closed are in a position to reopen. House of Representatives of the State of Maine in legislature assembled, with the original thereof, and that it is a.full, true, and Does the Senator think that a bank which is insolvent should complete transcript therefrom and of the whole thereof. be permitted to reopen and to receive deposits without re In testimony whereof, I have caused. the seal of the State to be striction? hereunto affixed. Given under my hand at Augusta, this 20th Mr. ROBINSON of Indiana. No, Mr. President; but I day of March A.D. 1933, and in the one hundred and fifty-seventh year of the independence of the United States of America. think there is a possibility, of course, of much favoritism (SEAL) ROBINSON C. TOBEY, unless the administration of these closed banks is handled Secretary of State. in an absolutely impartial manner. BEAR RIVER (UTAH) MIGRATORY BmD REFUGE Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. My objection to the letter which the Senator has read is the clear implication, first, Mr. KING. Mr. President, I have received a letter from that all banks that have been closed should be reopened the secretary of state of Utah transmitting Concurrent Me without any investigation, and without any ascertainment of morial No. 5, adopted by the legislature of that State, me their sound condition, which inevitably would result either morializing Congress to appoint a committee to investigate in runs or in loss to depositors; and, second, to the sugges the administration and control by the Bureau of Biological tion that without examination it could be known what banks Survey of the Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge; and I ask are entitled to reopen, what banks are sound. I think that that the memorial may be referred to the Committee on the administration is fairly and diligently proceeding in the Agriculture and Forestry. matter and that it is impossible to pass upon the questions The memorial was referred to the Committee on Agricul necessary to be determined in a few days or a few hours, as ture and Forestry, and, under the rule ordered to be printed seems to be implied by the letter which the Senator has read. in the RECORD, as follows: Mr. ROBINSON of Indiana. Mr. President, I simply read SECRETARY OF STATE'S OFFICE, STATE OF UTAH, ExECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. as coming from a former citizm of my State, now residing I, M. H. Welling, secretary of state of the State of Utah, do in New York, the letter which he addressed to the New York hereby certify that the fallowing is a full, true, and correct copy Herald Tribune, giving his views on the banking situation, of Senate Concurrent Memorial No. 5, memorializing the Congress and I went no further than that. of the United States to appoint a committee to investigate the administration and control by the Bureau of Biological Survey of Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. Very well. the Bear River Migrating Bird Refuge as appears of record in my Mr. FLETCHER. Mr. President, I think the letter is office. somewhat unfair. The statement now is--and I think this In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and aJnxed the great seal of the State of Utah at Salt Lake City, this 25th is a correct statement-that 15,600 banks out of a total of day of March 1933. 19,296 are now open; that 5,328 out of 6,891 reserve members [sEAL] M. H. WELLING, have resumed operations, as have 10,000 banks which are not Secretary of State. members of the Federal Reserve System. That, I think. is Senate Concurrent Memorial No. 5 (by Mr. Wallace, by request) about the situation up to date, and other banks are being Memorializing the Congress of the United States to appoint a opened just as fast as they can qualify. committee to investigate the administration and control by the Bureau of Biological Survey of the Bear River Migrating Bird USE OF GRANITE IN GOVERNMENT CONSTRUCTION Refuge Mr. HALE. Mr. President, I ask consent to have printed Be it resolved by the Legislature of the state of Utah, the Gov in the RECORD and appropriately referred a memorial from ernor concurring therein: That-- in Whereas one of the primary objects leading up to the estab my State urging the use of granite Government construc lishment of the Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge in Box Elder tion. County, Utah, was to combat the disease among the ducks caused The memorial was referred to the Committee on Public by the so-called alkali poisoning, for the creation of which refuge Buildings and Grounds and, under the rule, ordered to be the State of Utah conveyed and transferred to the United States title to certain lands lying in the vicinity of the mouth of Bear printed in the REcoRD, as follows: River; and STATE OF MAINE, 1933. Whereas it was contemplated by the State and Federal Govern Memorial to the Congress of the United States, urging it to provide ments that only 60 percent of the total acreage should be kept for a wider use of granite in Federal construction as a sanctuary for migratory birds, and the remaining 40 percent Whereas the Eighty-sixth Legislature of the State of Maine, should be open to public shooting after such area has been appreciating that the quarrying and fabrication of granite is an selected by the State game commissioner; and important industry in Maine, giving employment to many of our Whereas it was intended that the management of the refuge people; and should designate · regular routes of travel over which the public That granite is recognized as the most suitable material to give could pass to and from the shooting areas both inside and out that durability, dignity, and beauty necessary to public buildings; side the refuge, and it was the design of the Federal Government and to recognize shooting privileges as they existed " at the time the That it is apparent that the widespread and general use of areas were established"; and Indiana limestone in Federal construction in recent years has Whereas during the past season there has been a recurrence of resulted from undue favorttism shown a material produced almost the disease on the Bear River marsh, and during the past fall exclusively in that one State; and between 300,000 and 500,000 ducks died, and no adequate effort to That the use of machine-fabricated limestone in discrimination combat the spread of the disease among the ducks was made by against hand-processed granite had seriously aggravated unem the management of the Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge; and ployment conditions in Maine and many other States: Whereas It has been represented and made to appear to us that Respectfully requests the Congress of the United States to con after the shooting areas within the refuge had been opened on sider the following resolution: units 1 and 2 for the 1932 shooting season. and management Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the of the refuge withdrew the water from those units and effectively State of Maine in legislature assembled, That the Congress o! the prohibited shooting thereon before the end of the open season, and 1933 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 859 throughout the open season refused to establish routes and refused persons are em~loyed more than 5 days per week or 6 hours to permit hunters to pass over the refuge to reach the extensivt! per day, and also that it enact legislation to guarantee the pay· shooting areas lying west of and beyond the refuge to which the ment in such industries of minimum wages commensurate with public has had acce,10s from the time of the settlement of this the American standard of living. State; and Resolved, That certified copies of these resolutions be sent by Whereas the management of said refuge has been charged by the secretary of the Commonwealth to the presiding officers of the duck hunters in Utah with other IIlismanagement of said both branches of Congress and to each of the Senators and Rep· migratory bird refuge and of the public shooting ground therein: resentatives from Massachusetts. Therefore be it In house of representatives, adopted March 15, 1933. Resolved, That 'we respectfully urge the Congress of the United FRANK E. BRIDGMAN, Clerk. States to appoint a committee to investigate the management and A true copy. administration of the Bureau of Biological Survey at the Bear Attest: River Migratory Bird Refuge; be it further [sEAL} F. W. CooK, Resolved, That the secretary of state forward certified copies of Secretary of the Commonwealth. this memorial to the President of the United States Senate and to the Speaker of the House of Representatives and to Utah's REPORTS OF THE PUBLIC LANDS AND SURVEYS COMMITTEE senators and congressmen. Mr. ASHURST, from the Committee on Public Lands and The foregoing Senate Concurrent Memorial No. 5 was publicly Surveys, to which was referred the bill CS. 157) to amend read by title and immediately thereafter signed by the president of the senate, in the presence of the house over which he presides, an act approved March 4, 1929 (45 Stat. 1548), entitled "An and the fact of such signing duly entered upon the journal this act to supplement the last three paragraphs of section 5 of 28th day of February 1933. the act of March 4, 1915 (38 Stat. 1161), as amended by the J. FRANCIS FoWLES, President of the Senate. Attest: act of March 21, 1918 (40 Stat. 458)", reported it without LYNN 8. RICHARDS, Secretary of the Senate. amendment and submitted a report (No. 6) thereon. The foregoing Senate Concurrent Memorial No. 5 was publicly Mr. NYE, from the Committee on Public Lands and Sur read by title and immediately thereafter signed by the speaker veys, to which was referred the joint resolution CS.J.Res. of the house, in the presence of the house over which he pre sides, and the fact of such signing duly entered upon the journal 13) authorizing the Attorney General, with the concurrence this 28th day of February 1933. of the Secretary of the Navy, to release claims of the United I. A. SMooT, Speaker of the House. States upon certain assets of the Pan American Petroleum Attest: Co. and the Richfield Oil Co. of California and others in ERNEST R. McKAY, Chief Clerk of House. connection with collections upon a certain judgment in favor Received from the senate this 28th day of February 1933. Approved March 1, 1933. of the United States against the Pan American Petroleum HENRY H. BLOOD, Governor. Co. heretofore duly entered, reported it without amendment Received from the Governor and fl.led in the office of the secre and submitted a report WAGNER], the President is authorized to select from unem fourth, the construction, maintenance, or repair of trails and ployed citizens, as nearly as possible in proportion to the fire lanes; and, fifth, such other work on the public domain number of unemployed in the several States, a civilian con and Government reservations as the President deems desir servation corps. He is authorized to enroll such citizens for able. The President is authorized to provide housing for one year, unless sooner discharged. No discharge may be persons so employed, also subsistence, clothing, and hospitali made during the year, once a citizen becomes enrolled, unless zation, .and such cash allowance as may be necessary. under Presidential regulation. Each member of, the civilian Section 2: The President is authorized to enter into such conservation corps is to be paid at a rate not to exceed $30 contracts as may be necessary with States and municipalities per month, and be provided with quarters, subsistence, and is also given authority to acquire real property by pur clothing, medical attendance, and hospitalization. Provision chase, donation. condemnation, or otherwise. is made that when a member of the corps has a wife or other Section 3 makes applicable the Federal employees' com dependents the President by regulation may force an in pensation laws to this class of employees. voluntary allotment from the citizen's pay in whatever Section 4 gives authority to use moneys that are unobli manner he may prescribe. Upon enlistment in the corps gated from appropriations heretofore made. each member agrees to abide by the rules and regulations to What the committee has done is simply to give general be promulgated by the President. authority to the President, under such rules and regulations Section 2 extends the provisions of the workman's com as he may prescribe, to go into the public domain and to pensation law to members of the civilian conservation corps. carry on work of forestation; and no restrictions are placed Section 3 is an inhibition against the right to claim pen upon him except that the employment must be given to sions by members· of the conservation corps. citizens who are unemployed. By section 4 the President is authorized to use the The committee found that attempting to draft a bill to civilian conservation corps in the construction and carrying give this kind of work to single men only and not to married on of works of a public nature for which sufficient funds men was controversial. are now available, such as forestation on National and State The committee found that to fix a particular wage in one lands, prevention of soil erosion, flood prevention, and con locality and a different wage in another locality was highly struction of roads and trails on the puJ:>Iic domain, in na controversial. tional parks, and in the national forests. The committee found that the question of providing camps Section 5 gives the President authority to hire skilled and the form of discipline that would be invoked was highly artisans or experts at the prevailing rate of wages in the controversial. locality where the public work is to be performed. In the consideration of this bill I want to have the Senate Section 6 authorizes the expenditure out of unobligated keep in mind three things: Emergency, relief work, and moneys of the funds necessary for carrying on this work. unemployment. In view of the fact that this is purely Very briefly, that statement summarizes all the provi emergency work, we felt that we should give the President sions of the bill as originally introduced and as submitted the authority to do forestation work and to do it with funds to the Committee on Education and Labor. that are unobligated at the present time; that he should . The committee held extensive hearings and found much have the responsibility of making the regulations as to the opposition to various provisions of the bill. The representa conditions under which these citizens would be employed, tives of organized labor opposed it as the regimentation of as to the localities from which they should come, as to the labor in peace times. They objected because the proposed public domain upon which they should work, and as to the civilian conservation corps was to have some of the as nature and character of the work on the public domain. pects of a military organization. They objected to the pro That, very briefly, is the whole story about this bill. In vision for an involuntary allotment to dependents; they ob other words, we did not see any more reason for specifying jected to the wage of $30 per month; and they objected to in detail the conditions of labor or the wage schedules than the provisions of the bill that went so far as to give the if we authorized the President to build a public building here President authority to perform forestation work on lands in Washington. This is general authority to the President other than the public domain. in view of the emergency. Here is a useful public work that After the committee heard these objections, the commit· will be beneficial to the public in the future that we author tee met in executive session and reached an agreement that ize the President to enter upon and to help employ some of there were two features of this bill to which no one objected, the unemployed. namely, the opportunity to engage in forestation work as a Mr. HASTINGS. Mr. President--- .. means of relieving unemployment, and, secondly, the use Mr. WALSH. I Yield to the Senator from Delaware. of unobligated funds. Mr. HASTINGS. My understanding from the Senator's When the committee reached the agreement that these statement is that there was objection to the House bill. two provisions of the bill were noncontroversial we proceeded Mr. WALSH. Not the House bill. The same bill was to redraft the original bill, and have submitted to the Senate introduced in both House and Senate. It was the admin an amendment in the nature of a substitute which does istration's bill. practically nothing more than authorize the President to go Mr. HASTINGS. Yes. I wish to inquire whether, under into the public domain, carry on forestation, and employ the amendment as reported by the committee, it is not pos citizens from among the unemployed. sible for the President, by regulation, to write exactly what Now I will very briefly enumerate the sections of the the original bill was? amendment proposed by the committee. Mr. WALSH. It most certainly is. .The President can Section 1 provides that for the purpose of relieving the carry out his idea of a civilian conservation corps if he sees acute condition of widespread distress and unemployment, fit. I do think, in view of the opposition with which the and in order to provide for the restoration of the country's President is now familiar, that he may not intend to carry depleted natural resources, the President is authorized to it out in the detail that he outlined in the original bill. provide for the employment of unemployed citizens for I also have reason to know that the President intends to put carrying on work of a public nature in connection with the in charge of this work a representative of organized labor; following-- and, in view of that fact, it is to be assumed that the work Mr. BORAH. Mr. President-- will be carried on under rules and regulations that will be Mr. WALSH. I yield to the Senator from Idaho. acceptable to labor employed upon this kind of work. Mr. BORAH. The President is authorized " under such Mr. HASTINGS. Mr. President, will the Senator yield rules and regulations as he may prescribe"? to me further? Mr. WALSH. Exactly. Mr. WALSH. I yield. First, forestation on lands of the United States and the Mr. HASTINGS. If the Senator knows what the Presi several States; second, the prevention of forest fires, floods, dent has in his mind, is there any reason why we should not and soil erosion; third, plant-pest and disease control; write it into this bill? 1933 .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 863 Mr. WALSH. There is a good deal o1 reason. necessary for him to purchase a small piece of property Mr. HASTINGS. What reason is there? adjoining public domain in the event that in that way the Mr. WALSH. We are dealing with an emergency. The whole scheme of forestation can be better worked out. President cannot foresee what changes it may be necessary Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. Mr. President-- to make a month from now in view of changed conditions. Mr. WALSH. He also has in mind, may I say to the Sen He can not foresee and thereby specify in a legislative act ator from Michigan, the fact that through tax sales the title what the conditions may be in Wyoming, and what they top. large amount of property has been restored to the States may be in the South, and what they may be in the White or to municipalities, and there are in their possession a lot Mountain region. It is absolutely inconceivable to me that of more or less waste lands; and he proposes, if possible, to we, in a legislative bill, should proceed to define and specify make contracts with the municipalities that own public lands all the conditions under which these civilians will work, and now, formerly private lands, with the idea of carrying on the amount of pay which they may receive in various parts this forestation work upon them. Do I answer the Senator's of the country, the details as to transportation, housing, and question? sustenance. Mr. COUZENS. Except that I still do not understand Mr. HASTINGS. Then what the President now has in why we should give the President blanket authority " to mind will not necessarily be controlling, as I understand acquire real property by purchase, donation, condemnation, from what the Senator says. or otherwise" from counties, municipalities, and States. It Mr. WALSH. The whole bill is permissive, and that is seems to me it is a terrible opening wedge for all kinds of what all this emergency legislation is. Every bill that we political jockeying and preference when the Federal Treas have passed here has given the President permissive au ury is open to buy land and properties from municipalities, thority. It has not been compelling and controlling, as it counties, and States. should be if it were urging a permanent policy. That is Mr. WALSH. The word " donation '' was inserted at the why I asked the Senators in the very beginning to keep request of the President, who stated that suggestions had in mind three things: Emergency, relief work, and unem been made of possible donations of land for this purpose. ploYment. The word " purchase " was included simply because of the How can we work out here the details and the circum possibility of a situation developing where it would be nec stances and conditions that are bound to arise from week essary to extend the public domain at a small cost for the to week in the working out of this unusual and exceptional purpose of carrying out this work. The President emphati problem of transporting people from the eastern seaboard cally asserted that he did not intend to go into the business to the far West or to the South and placing them in camps? of making extensive purchases of real estate for this pur It will be necessary to build some camps. Will they be under pose. The committee felt as the Senator did about it at private control or public control? Will they be supplied with first. We were reluctant to give to the President this au shower baths or not? What kind of food will the persons thority to purchase; but we could not very well meet the in those camps get? Where will the hospitals be located? argument that, especially in the handling of flood condi It is inconceivable that we could go into those details. tions on the public domain, it might be necessary for some So it seemed to the committee, and they agreed unani purchasing to be carried on by the President. If the Sen mously, that the only proper way to deal with this problem ator has any suggestions as to limiting that authority, I was to say to the President, " Here is the authority you ask should be glad to have them. to relieve unemployment. Here are the public forests open Mr. COUZENS. I think that should receive further con to you to go in and do forestation work, and here are the sideration, because the Senator himself knows the pressure unexpended balances that you may use for this purpose." that will be brought to bear upon every department of the Mr. COUZENS and Mr. VANDENBERG addressed the Government and every Member of Congress to have the Chair. Government acquire certain lands. Mr. WALSH. I yield to the senior Senator from Mr. WALSH. I agree with the Senator. Michigan. Mr. COUZENS. The President will not be· able to deal Mr. COUZENS. Mr. President, I am quite in accord with with these problems personally. what the Senator from Massachusetts says, but I am con Mr. WALSH. I agree with the Senator; and I can say cerned about section 2. Section 2 seems to give much more to him that we would not have put that provision in this power than is justified under the circumstances; and I should bill if it were not for the voluntary assurance of the Presi be glad if the Senator would outline what the President dent that he had no purpose of purchasing lands; that the \ might do under section 2. Government already has too extensive a public dom~ ..:,..J Mr. WALSH. Let me read section 2: 1\fr. COUZENS. Since the consideration of the 'bi:lf"is not For the purposes of carrying out the provisions of this act, the to be concluded today, I will submit to the Senator by to President is authorized to enter into such contracts or arrange morrow something dealing with that matter. ments with States, counties, municipalities, and other public bodies as may be necessary, and the President or the head of any Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President-- department or agency authorized by him to construct any project Mr. WALSH. I yield to the junior Senator from Mich or to carry on any such public works, shall have authority to igan. acquire real property by purchase, donation, condemnation, or otherwise, but the provisions of section 355 of the Revised Statutes Mr. VANDENBERG. As I understand, the expenditure shall not apply to any property so acquired. under this bill is limited to any unobligated moneys hereto The President has in mind the possibility of making con fore appropriated for public works. What is that sum? tracts with the several States to do certain kinds of foresta Mr. WALSH. The sum that is now available, according tion work in these States under contracts which will post to the Director of the Budget, is about $140,000,000. It may pone for some years reimbursing the Federal Government be larger; but the Director informed me this morning that for the work done. In other words, in States that have not the sum that he now knows to be available is approximately the funds to do this important emergency work:, this work $140,000,000. which all agree will be beneficial to future generations at Mr. VANDENBERG. If this $140,000,000 were not de east, he has in mind that the Federal Government would toured into this type of expenditure, what would it be advance the money necessary to enter into the public domain expended for? r-· of the several States under contracts with the States to Mr. WALSH. It would be expended on other public _ ~rry on this work. works. I The Senator may want to know about the authority to Mr. VANDENBERG. What kind of public works? ' buy private property. The President has no idea of buying Mr. WALSH. Rivers and harbors, post offices, and simi \ private property to any appreciable extent. He says that lar public works. the Government owns enough property already; but it is Mr. VANDENBERG. Is the Senator sure there is a larger quite possible that a situation may develop where it may be labor content in the reforestation work than there would 864 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 27 be in the regular, ordinary public-works program of the over $140,000,000 were available for this purpose, and he Government? expected that sum to be increased. Mr. WALSH. I think the President originally thought Mr. VANDENBERG. Assuming, for the sake of the argu that. I think the President thought that more people could ment, that we are to care for 125,000 with $140,000,000- be put to work under this plan than in performing the regu and I am submitting my inquiry in entire good faith-may lar public works; but the committee met that objection of I ask why it is preferable to invoke so much larger a per the Senator from Michigan by the last two lines in the capita expenditure than, for example, was the case when committee amendment. my able colleague, the senior Senator from Michigan [Mr. And an amount equal to the amount so expended is hereby CoUZENS], was proposing to take care of nearly 90,000 with authorized to be appropriated for the same purposes for which $25,000,000? Why is not that a preferable method of ap such moneys were originally appropriated. proaching the problem? The Director of the Budget, and the President also, in Mr. WALSH. It may be, and, of course, the President, if he formed us that there were a large number of these publi-c sees fit, can put 300,000 people to work by reducing the wages. works which could not be undertaken at once, that the It depends entirely on what wages are paid these men. We money was available, but objections of one kind or another cannot make any estimate of the figures until the President prevented immediate engagement in the different projects, makes his regulations, and is able to state definitely and and that it was that money which he hoped to put to work specifically how much shall be allotted for care, how much at once. He claims, as does the Madame Secretary of Labor, for subsistence, how much !or shelter. how much for cloth · that by the last of April or the first of May there will be ing, and so on. people actually doing this work, and they expect to spend, Mr. VANDENBERG. In other words, w~ cannot really between now and the first of July, according to the testi tell anything about it until the final ticket is written? mony before us, approximately $40,000,000, .and we saw no Mr. WALSH. That is true. This is an emergency. The objection temporarily to diverting moneys now available, President says, " There are unemployed people; here are the with which projects cannot now be undertaken, for this par forests; there is money available; will you give me the au ticular kind of work. thority to proceed to provide employment? " Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President, do I understand cor Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. Mr. President, will the rectly that the final language in the bill means that the Senator yield again? $140,000,000, which is to be diverted to reforestation, i:s to Mr. WALSH. I yield. reappear as a supplemental appropriation for the other types Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. The same is true of any of public works? arrangement we have made or can make with respect to Mr. WALSH. The committee insists upon that course. unemployment. We cannot tell with mathematical certainty Mr. VANDENBERG. Then, in net result, this bill does just how far a given sum will go in arranging for employ represent a new and increased expenditure of $140,000,000, ment. in the net result? Mr. WALSH. It is absolutely impossible to do so. Who Mr. WALSH. At a later time. can say how many people are employed under the $2,000,000 Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. Mr. President, will the authorization for building a public building here in this Senator yield? city? It cannot be done. That is why the elastic authority Mr. WALSH. I yield. was given the President in the drafting of the bill, why it Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. It is an authorization, not is a permissive bill. If we do not want, in this emergency, to an expenditure, not an appropriation. What actually hap give the President permission to help lessen this social evil pens, under the language to which the Senator from Massa of unemployment, then we ought not to pass the bill; we chusetts has called attention, is that the sums which are ought to fight here over details. But the whole theory of diverted, appropriations already made but unalloted, are the bill is that we need speed, we need someone with direct reauthorized for the original purposes. Of course it con authority to act quickly, and we need someone who will templates a final expenditure for the original purposes. try to apply the authority delegated in a helpful way in Mr. vANDENBERG. I understand this discrimination the reducing unemployment. Senator makes in his language, but in net results 6 months Mr. VANDENBERG. The only question I am submit from today or a year from today-- ting-and than I shall have concluded-is this: Is this the Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. Or 2 years from today best way to get the maximum use out of $140,000,000 in or 10 years from today-whenever the Congress actually terms of relief? That is the whole question. makes the appropriation under the authorization. Mr. WALSH. The President and the Madame Secretary Mr. VANDENBERG. Congress will make the appropria of Labor very emphatically think it is. I am frank to say to tions for the works specified. the Senator that I do not go as far as they go in esti · Mr. WALSH. That is true. mating the extent of relief this bill would provide. But I Mr. vANDENBERG. How many men is it expected will do say it is a valuable and a helpful and an important con be cared for with $140,000,000? tribution to the conditions which exist in the country at Mr. WALSH. When the hearings were first held the the present time. It is also a tine opportunity to do exten Director of the Budget was of the opinion that as much sive forestation work. as $250,000,000 might be available. He has later modified Mr. COUZENS. Mr. President, will the Senator yield his figures. He informed us that he was having a great deal to me? of difficulty in getting definite figures from the many de Mr. WALSH. I yield. partments which have available public funds for public Mr. COUZENS. The Senator does not interpret this act works, so that this morning he said he had his hands now as giving the President authority to put into the Army camps on $140,000,000, and that there might be much more avail of the country the youngsters between 15 and 21 years of able. The administration expects to put to work, ultimately, age, as was provided in an amendment we put on the mili or some time during this period, as many as 200,000. tary appropriation bill? Mr. VANDENBERG. The Senator means they expect to Mr. WALSH. There was a great deal of dispute in the care for 200,000 with $250,000,000. committee, and the able senior Senator from New York [Mr. Mr. WALSH. That was the original estimate. CoPELAND J was for some time strongly of the opinion that Mr. VANDENBERG. So that with only $140,000,000 they the bill ought to be limited to employment for the homeless probably will not care for more than 125,000? youth of the country. But after thinking it over, we saw Mr. WALSH. Of course there would have to be a reduc that we were getting again into the controversial field.: tion in the numbers. I have not worked out the figures. But Should they be married or single men? How old should I ought to say to the Senator that the Director of the they be? Where would they be recruited? How much time Budget does not make $140,000,000 as his final figure. He would they spend in the Army camp? We concluded that said that this morning on his desk he had information that was a matter we would have to leave to the discretion of the 1933 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 865 President. The President, if he sees fit, can confine this purpose of doing forestation work. That was objected to, work to those young men. and I think properly so, by organized labor, on the ground Mr. COUZENS. I do not so construe it, because it says in that it would tend to remove from the field of employment section 1: work which unemployed in the localities where these private The President is authorized under such rules and regulations as lands are located could perform. he may prescribe and by utilizing such existing departments or Mr. GEORGE. I understand from the Senator's answer agencies as he may designate, to provide for employing citizens that the measure would not apply to disease control or pest of the United States who are unemployed in the construction- control on private lands adjacent to public forests? And so forth. Mr. WALSH. The Senator interprets the bill correctly in What I would like to see added as an amendment to this that respect. The Department of Agriculture, of course, has bill is a provision that, entil·ely outside of the number of men appropriations for those purposes and is carrying on that provided for in the bill, they might take care of 88,000 of work. We felt we ought not to enter into that domain, and these young men in the Army camps, as was once provided we felt that if we did open the door to that activity there by the Senate through amendment. In other words, to this would be no limitation upon where the money could be ex bill could be added, without disturbing the other authoriza pended, and where the unemployed could be put to work. tions in the bill, a provision for taking care of 88,000 more Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. Mr. President, will the young men, from 16 to 22 years of age, and so on, in the Senator yield again? Army camps, and we could do that for about 14 or 15 million Mr. WALSH. I yield. dollars. · Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. Did the committee discuss Mr. WALSH. I hope the Senator will not propose that the meaning of the words " Government reservations " in in connection with this bill. I feel strongly that we should line 23, page 4, and what class of reservations would be confine this legislation to three things-forestation, unem embraced? ployment, and the expenditure of available moneys for that Mr. WALSH. Yes. That expression was used as a sub work. I think the moment we get away from that field we stitute for the language in the original bill. The language will get into serious difficulty, the same difficulties we met in the original bill was " national parks, national forests, in the hearings, where representatives of labor very strenu and other Government reservations." The drafting clerks ously-and they met a ·favorable response from the com were of the opinion that " Government reservations " mittee-opposed any-attempt at regimentation of labor, any would include national parks and national forests. · effort to di1Ierentiate between the physically perfect and the Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. Does "Government reser- physically imperfect, any attempt at providing for exami vations" include Indian reservations? nations in camps, and the other features proposed. I am in Mr. WALSH. Yes. sympathy with the general idea the Senator has. I hope Mr. FLETCHER. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? the Senator will not present it as an amendment to this bill. Mr. WALSH. I yield. Mr. COPELAND. Mr. President, will the Senator yield Mr. FLETCHER. Following the question raised by the to me? Senator from Georgia about public lands, I suppose lands Mr. WALSH. I yield. owned by the States would be covered. For instance, the Mr. COPELAND. I should like to say further to the Sena States, under the Clark-McNary Act, cooperating with the tor from Michigan that I was very much impressed with Government in reforestation, have their forest commissions, the amendment which he offered to the military appropria and they have acquired lands. I presume they would come tion bill, and I tried, in the early meetings of the Committee under this measure . . on Labor, to have provision made so that the pending bill Mr. WALSH. The State of Florida was one of the illus would apply to unemployed citizens under 24 years of age. trations used by the President in his conference with the But it became very apparent to us in our discussions that committee. He spoke particularly for large acreages of lands we did not know whether we could find 200,000 or 150,000 in Florida that are available for forestation purposes. He of that particular type who would be interested in such a hopes to be able to make contracts with the Governor of the project. So it seemed wiser to broaden the language so that State for the purpose of doing forestation work in Florida. the President could convey the advantages of this measure Mr. FLETCHER. They are doing splendid work there. to these unemployed boys, or might take any others. That I am glad that is taken care of. was the reason, too, why the matter of the allowance was I have not before me section 355 of the Revised Statutes, left as it was, because, if the President were to see fit to but the provision in the bill is that the provisions of sec take these boys, the matter of the wages would not be a mat tion 355 of the Revised Statutes shall not apply to any ter of so great importance. But I must emphasize what the property so acquired. Just what does that mean.? • Senator from Massachusetts has said, that there was very Mr. WALSH. That section of the statutes reads as bitter opposition in our hearings to the use of the Army follows: camps, and to the making of this measure in any sense a SEc. 355. No public money shall be expended upon any site or military measure, or an adjunct of the Army, or in any way land purchased by the United States for the purposes of erecting tainted with the militaristic thought. thereon any armory, arsenal, fort, fortification, navy yard, custom house, lighthouse, or other public building of any kind what Mr. WALSH. They object to involuntary control of a ever until the written opinion of the Attorney General shall be man forced to take work regardless of conditions because of had in favor of the validity of the title, nor until the consent his long unemployment. of the legislature of the State in which the land or site may be Mr. COPELAND. Yes. It seemed wise to me, and I was to such purchase has been given. quite converted to the thought, that the broader language The reason for that was because of the haste that may and the reference of the matter to the President was very be desirable in connection with the purchase of land. much wiser, and I still hold to that view. Mr. FLETCHER. It is not necessary to have an opinion Mr. GEORGE. Mr. President, will the Senator yield to of the Attorney GeneTal nor necessary to have legislative me? action by the State? Mr. WALSH. I yield. Mr. WALSH. That is true. Mr. GEORGE.' I desire to ask the Senator whether the Mr. FLETCHER. Let me inquire further about section bill would confine all of the operations to public lands owned 4 of the bill. For instance, appropriations and allotments by the States or the Federal Government? have been made from the general fund for the erection of Mr. WALSH. I will say, in reply, that that is the limita public buildings. The contracts have not been let and can tion placed in the bill. There was in the original bill a pro not be let in 90 days, perhaps. Also, there are projects vision authorizing the President to enter into contracts with authorized by Congress and appropTiations made both for private individuals to send some of the members of the corps flood control and for navigation purposes. Can we be contemplated onto private lands, under contract, for· the assured that, if the money is not now pledged or contracted LXXVII--55 866 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 27 ·for or the work actually commenced on those projects, it Mr. TRAMMELL. I should like to have it appear in the does not mean the abandonment of those projects? RECoRD, since I have made the statement. I asked this Mr. WALSH. That was thoroughly discussed in the com question: mittee, and we were of the unanimous opinion that they I would like to know 1! the plan you contemplate under this bill should not be abandoned. The language to which the Sen carries with it the entire suspension of all public works that have ator refers was incorporated at the request of the junior not been contracted for up to the present date? Senator from Utah [Mr. THoMAs] because he had in mind Mr. DouGLAS. It contemplates a temporary cessation of obliga tions of funds for that purpose until a plan has been formulated. projects in his State that are almost ready to be let under Senator TRAMMELL. In other words, all public-works projects contract, and he desired them to go forward and not be which would include rivers and harbors projects, I presume eliminated by this bill. The provision was inserted so that would be suspended until the check-up is made for the purpose o! obtaining funds to undertake what is termed an emergency all funds that may be used immediately by contract for project to take care of emergency unemployment. public works may be removed from the operations of this Mr. DouGLAS. Yes; temporarily. The obligation of public funds bill. I can assure the Senator that all public works that for that kind of project, for new projects, is suspended. are contracted for or that can be contracted for in the next Senator TRAMMELL. Have you filed with the committee, or can you file with the committee. an itemization of those funds that 90 days are not included in the bill. are not up to the present time obligated? May I say that what the administration bas in mind is Mr. DOUGLAS. I cannot. such funds as are illustrated by the Boston post ofiice a few The uncertainty of it was the point I wanted to bring to years ago. Six million dollars was made available for 2 or the attention of the chairman of the committee. 3 years, but no actual work was done. It is the purpose of Mr. WALSH. I have had a good deal of discussion of the the administration, where there are sums of money such as matter with Mr. Douglas, and I think he appreciates that those which are not ready to be submitted to contract, that the committee does not desire any authorized public works those funds may be temporarily withdrawn and work im to be suspended. The purpose of the legislation is to put mediately started on the undertakings contemplated by this to bill. work money that has not yet been contracted for and that is available, and that an public works authorized shall be Mr. FLETCHER. It does not mean the project will be carried on as usual. abandoned, but that later on it will come back and use the Mr. WAGNER and Mr. VANDENBERG addressed the same fund? Chair. Mr. WALSH. It is the purpose of the legislation to re quire every project that has already been voted upon and The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. GEORGE in the chair). Does the Senator from Massachusetts yield; and if so, to already approved to be ultimately constructed. whom? Mr. COPELAND, Mr. TRAMMELL, and Mr. VANDEN Mr. WALSH. Will the Senator from Michigan permit me BERG addressed the Chair. to yield first to the Senator from New York? The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. CoNNALLY in the chair). Mr. VANDENBERG. Certainly. Does the Senator from Massachusetts yield; and if so, to whom? Mr. WAGNER. Mr. President, I want to ask the Senator whether or not the Director of the Budget submitted a list Mr. WALSH. I will yield first to the Senator from New of projects which it is contemplated would be temporarily York, who rose first, I believe. abandoned in order that the money may be used for this Mr. COPELAND. Let me add to what the Senator from purpose? Massachusetts has said to the Senator from Florida. We Mr. WALSH. The Director of the Budget has in prepara had in mind all the time in writing the bill that there is in tion such a list. He has expressed great difficulty in getting process of preparation now another public works bill, and such a list prepared. It requires communication with nearly that unquestionably there will be a resurvey or a restudy of every department in the Federal Government. I expect a the projects for which appropriations have already been communication from him giving us the available information made. But pending that we have provided authorization he has with reference to that matter. for all the projects which are wiped out temporarily by the Mr. WAGNER. The reason I make the inquiry is because, language of this bill. being willing to support the bill, I want to have assurance Mr. WALSH. I yield now to the junior Senator from that public works which within a reasonable time could be Florida. started would not be abandoned. Otherwise we would not Mr. TRAMMELL. Mr. President, I understood the testi be doing anything with this legislation except transferring many a little differently in regard to the question of existing funds from one place to another. I have the very definite projects which have been authorized. If the chairman of assurance that no project will be abandoned which in a the.committee will recall, I asked Mr. Douglas, the Director reasonable time can be inaugurated, and as to other proj of the Budget, who was there representing the administra ects for which the money may be used or transferred now, tion, if we adopted the provision in regard to providing that when the larger public-works program comes in which finances for reforestation as the language was before the is under preparation, sums may be appropriated for the other committee changed it---and the committee changed it projects. slightly only-whether all the other projects which had not While I am on my feet, let me say there is another thing actually been entered into under contract-not by appro that I think ought to be emphasized. in view of the ques priation but under contract-would be continued. He said tion of the senior Senator from Michigan [Mr. CouzENS] as in substance that the other projects, or many of them, to the boys that may be taken care of. There is nothing would be reconsidered; that some of them would be con in this legislation that will prevent the taking of young tinued and some of them would not be continued. That men from 15 or 16 years of age up who are unemployed statement will be found in his testimony. A representative if they are able to do the character of work required under of the administration stated that. That made me very the bill. , apprehensive about some of those projects. Mr. wALSH. The President will have to regulate that. Mr. WALSH. The Senator's statement is correct, and Mr. WAGNER. Exactly. because of that evidence section 4 was redrafted and an Mr. wALSH. I yield now to the Senator from Michigan. attempt made to prevent the inclusion of any fund already Mr. VANDENBERG. May I invite the Senator's atten- appropriated that could be put to use on public works imme tion-and I should particularly like to have the senior Sen diately. It was our endeavor to eliminate such items from ator from New York EMr. CoPELAND] follow me in this the bill. question because of his interest in river and harbor work Mr. TRAMMELL. Will the Senator allow me to read from to the possible effect of the language in section 4 upon the the testimony of Mr. Douglas? river and harbor legislation. We are going to suspend Mr. WALSH. But it was because of that testimony we every appropriation far every project upon which actual redrafted the section. The Senator is correct. co.nstruction is not commenced within 90 days. Practically 1933 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 867 all om river and harbor work is done in the summer and fall. dent is concerned. We have a very definite long-range con We have a river and harbor bill only once in every 3 or 4 tinuity of program in respect to rivers and harbors. We years. Therefore, it seems to me, if the language in sec pass a bill about once every 3 or 4 years in respect to tion 4 applies to river and harbor appropriations, it virtually rivers and harbors. We have done that. The program suspends all river and harbor work almost indefinitely. is in process of completion, and yet under this bill, sum Mr. COPELAND. Mr. President, will the Senator from marily, without any resurvey on our part and without any Massachusetts yield to me? opportunity for us to exercise our judgment, we propose to Mr. WALSH. Certainly. stop every river and harbor project in the land, at least Mr. COPELAND. The Senator from Michigan is right. permissively. It does. Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. Mr. President, will the Mr. WALSH. Under authorization of the President. Senator from Massachusetts yield to me? Mr. COPELfu'ID. Yes; under authorization of the Presi Mr. WALSH. I yield to the Senator from Arkansas. dent. Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. I do not understand that Mr. WALSH. He has discretion. the statement just made by the Senator from Michigan Mr. COPELAND. But the President will not suspend all accurately states the effect of this bill. the work by any means. Mr. Douglas made it very clear to Mr. VANDENBERG. I desire to be accurate. us that it is the intention to resurvey the situation in the Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. I am perfectly sure of country as to the immediate needs in this respect. Those that; I do not raise any question about it; but there is a things which are immediate and which need early atten question that arises as to the necessity for the last four lines tion are going to be given early attention. We have a stu on page 6. It is my impression that the diversion of the pendous public works bill coming along pretty soon. In fund already appropriated does not repeal the authorizations that bill will be . incorporated all those things which the heretofore made; the authorizations stand; and the lan President and his advisers regard as most pressing. guage to which I have just referred, namely, " and an Mr. VANDENBERG. Does the Senator contemplate there amount" equal to the amount so expended is hereby author will be any river and harbor appropriations in that bill? ized to be appropriated for the same purposes for which Mr. COPELAND. I certainly do. such moneys were originally appropriated", is, in a sense, Mr. WALSH. I do, too. surplusage. The authorizations still stand, and the Con Mr. VANDENBERG. I shall be very much surprised if gress can reappropriate from those authorizations even there are. though this language were not in the bill. I take it that Mr. WALSH. The President told us that he has in mind the object of the language is to make clear the fact that the possibility of an intercoastal water canal in Florida and there is no intention of repealing the authorizations. similar projects. I mentioned to him the widening of Cape Mr. WALSH. The Senator from Arkansas has stated the Cod Canal, which is in a dangerous and unsafe condition. situation exactly. Mr. COPELAND. The Senator is right when he says I Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. The funds have been made am greatly interested. I am interested in the needs of my available through both authorizations and appropriations; own State as well as in national needs; but there is need to they are not quickly to be expended. In the meantime the have funds at once to carry on the emergency relief work effect of this bill will be to divert the sums so appropriated, so well described by the author of the bill, the Senator from or such part of them as the President shall find necessary Massachusetts. Since there are funds which are unallo for the immediate purposes of this bill; and at any time, cated, which are not being used, which are tied up in the tomorrow or immediately after the passage of this bill, if the sense that they have been appropriated and cannot be used Congress thought it was necessary to do so, it could reappro at once- priate the funds on the authorizations existing or on the one carried by the bill, which is a mere repetition of that which Mr. VANDENBERG. They are allocated. however. is already the law. Mr. COPELAND. They are allocated, but at the same Mr. VANDENBERG. The Senator from Arkansas and I time those funds could not be used in spite of the fact that are not in disagreement. The Senator from Arkansas, how they are allocated, and so temporarily they are taken away ever, I think, overlooks the point I made-that it has never from their original allocation to be used for this purpose. been our practice to make river and harbor appropriations But the committee, to protect all of us who are interested in except in accordance with a general, long-range plan once projects, said that the sums herefofore allocated and appro every 3 or 4 years. My inquiry is whether or not there is priated should be authorized to be reappropriated. I would the slightest hope of bringing back the rivers and harbors think, of course, that the Senator from Michigan would money in the same degree that there would be an obvious agree with me that in this time of emergency, in this time opportunity to bring back the public-buildings projects of depression, when things have changed completely from money. the times when we made the appropriations, it may well be Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. The authorization remains; that appropriations which we authorized 2 or 3 years ago the Congress, as it always does, will make the appropriation are not wise to be carried out now. I am perfectly willing if it deems it necessary to do so in order to carry out the myself to trust the President. law. The effect of this arrangement is to make quick use of Mr. VANDENBERG, Except that if it is going to cost funds which have been appropriated, and to do so for the $1,500 or $2,000 per man per year for relief under this bill, pmpose of giving employment to a considerable number of it occurs to me that we might have precisely the same people. It is not to be regarded as a major or final measure unemployment-relief element in continuing a river and touching unemployment; but it takes funds which we know harbor contract which does deal with a public necessity. are in existence, which have already been provided, and Mr. COPELAND. Let me invite the Senator's attention to applies them to an immediate purpose, leaving the authori this fact. No one knows at this moment how successful this zations upon which those funds were appropriated still project may be or how many men may be engaged on the standing, so that when the necessity exists in the opinion of project. If it is a great success and works out as the Presi Congress the funds may again be provided through an dent hopes it will and as those of us who are interested in it appropriation. hope it will, it may be wise to extend it and broaden it. I Mr. VANDENBERG. But the Senator will agree, I think, have no doubt at all if it is a success that it will be necessary that it is a correct statement that under the terms of the to go further and get funds in addition to those taken away bill practically every rivers and harbors project will be sus from projects already authm:ized. pended this summer, unless-- Mr. VANDENBERG. But the Senator from New York Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. Oh, no. fully realizes that there is a totally different philosophy of Mr. WALSH. No. action involved with respect to public-building construction Mr. VANDENBERG. Unless there is an appropriation and river and harbor projects so far as governmental prece- made over again before Congress shall adjourn. 868 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 27 Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas.- I do not agree to that at peatedly by the Senator from Arkansas, the whole theory of all. I do not think it is true, either in fact or in law. The this bill is to give the President discretion to take funds that effect of this arrangement, as I comprehend it, is to give the are not in use and which are not likely to be used at once President leeway and authority touching all funds that have and to employ them for this purpose. been appropriated for public works but which have not been Mr. DICKINSON. Let me suggest that when money is actually allotted, so that he may use them for the purposes taken away from a project, it is in very serious straits until of this bill and to facilitate the measures that are the project goes clear through the Budget, clear through contemplated for the relief of unemployment. If. a river the Appropriations Committee, and clear through the Con and harbor appropriation that has been made is not to be gress again. expended in all probability for a year or a year and a half Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. It is in exactly the same or two years, no valid reason in the world can be given for situation that it was before· the authorization was made and not using that money now and replacing it when it is actu before the appropriation was made. l ally needed. Mr. DICKINSON. That is exactly correct. In other . Mr. VANDENBERG. Will the Senator bear with me for words, here we are taking $140,000,000--if that is the amount just one observation? to be used-and there is being imposed upon the particular Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. I have not the floor, .but I function of the Government involved the necessity of mak will be glad to hear the Senator. ing, in this strenuous period, a new showing before the Mr. WALSH. I yield. Bureau of the Budget, a new showing before the Congress Mr. VANDENBERG. I call the Senator's attention to the as to the need of the funds to be reappropriated before there fact that the effect of the 90-day clause in the language of can be carried on the projects which are going to be discon the bill particularly runs against river and harbor appro tinued when the money is taken away from them. priations, because those are projects upon which actual con struction in the natural course of events will not start until Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. We do not discontinue any the summertime. They are not projects of next year or project that is not completed; we do not discontinue a proj 2 years from now; they are projects of this year, and from ect that is commenced; we simply use the money that has their very nature I submit that the 90-day limitation is been appropriated where the project has not been com particularly prejudicial against ·that particular type of public menced or will not begin within 90 days. work. Mr. WALSH. The illustration I gave about the Boston Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. In respect to· river and post office is quite in point. harbor projects, actual construction may begin at any time Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. That is a good illustration. after the appropriation has been made and the necessary Mr. WALSH. For 2 whole years there was no contract plans and specifications have been provided. The object of made; there was not a dollar expended. They were draft that 90-day provision I assume to be is to avoid the diversion ing plans; there were many details that had to be worked of funds that are quickly to be used for the purposes for out before making the contract. which they have been appropriated. Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. And I take it that the Mr. WALSH. That is exactly the purpose. money was lying there idle and it might very well have been Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. If work on a project is to used during those 2 years for other emergency purposes. begin in 90 days, then we will not take any of the funds for Mr. WALSH. That is the whole purpose of this proposed that project; but if the work is not to begin in 90 days, then legislation. I think the Senators from Michigan and Iowa. we can use the funds and replace them when the work are unduly alarmed in suggesting that there can be any actually begins. interference with existing projects. Mr. WALSH. The Senator has interpreted the provision Mr. DICKINSON. Let me suggest one further observa correctly. tion with reference to this bill. Section 1 does not limit the Mr. DICKINSON. Mr. President- number of men; it does not limit the amount which may be Mr. WALSH. I yield. expended on behalf of each man; it does not limit the pay Mr. DICKINSON. I want to call attention to the fact they may receive. The only limitation on the President as that there is a good deal of difference between the allot to the entire amount of this obligation is found in section ment of an appropriation and the obligation of appropria 4, if that is a limitation. Is it the interpretation of the com tion. Here we are dealing with unobligated money, not mittee that he is limited to these funds in carrying out the allotted money. provisions of this bill? After he had gone along for 6 Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. Of course, it is not quite months he might find that instead of having an obligation true that moneys are allotted when appropriated, for neces of $140,000,000 he had an obligation of $340,000,000? sarily when a lump sum has been appropriated, it is not Mr. WALSH. He is limited to these funds that are un immediately •allotted, but when the Engineers Department obligated; he can use no other funds without coming to has apportioned the funds to particular projects that con Congress for permission. He is strictly limited to them; stitutes an allotment. there cannot be any question about that. Mr. DICKINSON. That is correct. Mr. DICKINSON. I should like to say a word further. Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. But that may not mean Mr. WALSH .. First, let me say that the Senator inquired that the work is to begin immediately; it may not mean about the number of persons to be employed. Who can that the work is ready to be commenced; it may imply that estimate the number of persons why may be employed: the work may be done at a time remote in the future; and, who can estimate. when they may be employed; ·who can of course, the object of this arrangement is to prevent the estimate who may constitute the best. class to be employed; necessity of raising additional funds now; it is to make im who can estimate what their wages should be? Would we, mediate use of funds already available for other purposes. in giving the President permission to build a post office or Mr. DICKINSON. What I want to call the Senator's at other public building in Washington; say he can only em tention to is the fact that quite a percentage of our river ploy certain men; that the rate of wages of plasterers shall and harbor work is done by the War Department, by their be so much; that the rate of wages of men who lay the own forces, with their own equipment, and there is no allot foundations shall be so much; that they shall live in camps, ment to that kind of work. It is simply carried on; and or that they shall not live in camps? To me the whole when there is no allocation or where there is no obligation idea of going into detail in enacting legislation providing on a future contract, that money would come within the pro for the construction of public buildings or other public visions of this bill; and that is the serious part of it, as works is absurd. If we cannot trust the President to pro suggested by the Senator from Michigan. vide the proper labor standards and wage standards, whom Mr. WALSH. Mr. President, I do not think that the Presi can we trust? · dent has had any idea whatever of stopping the development Mr. DICKINSON. I suggest that the very statement of of any river and harbor project. As has been stated re- the Senator emphasizes the uncertainty of the whole project, 1933 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 869 as to where it is going to lead and where we are going to Mr. FESS. Mr. President-- find ourselves in the end. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. CLARK in the chair). Mr. WALSH. Of course, this is an experiment, and, of Does the Senator from Massachusetts yield to the Senator course, it is designed to relieve a present emergency and not from -Ohio? to be a permanent policy. We would not think of suggest Mr. WALSH. I yield to the Senator from Ohio. ing that this measure should embody a permanent policy, Mr. FESS. I desire to ask the Senator in reference to but we are dealing with an emergency. We are dealing with section 1, as to its extent, how far it reaches. the relief of unemployment. We are trying to find quickly Mr. WALSH. I will read the Senator a very concise state something by way of relief. We find the great public do ment of my interpretation of section 1. main of our country opening up opportunities for employ Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. What is the question? ment, and we say to the President, " Go into that domain Mr. FESS. My question is this: The bill provides for em and use it to relieve partially the unemployment .Situation, ploying citizens of the United States who are unemployed-! and to that extent improve conditions in·the United States." am reading on line 14 of page 4--" in the construction, Mr. DICKINSON. Let me suggest that there is no time maintenance, and carrying on of works of a public nature limit put in the bill at all. in connection with the forestation of lands." I wish to - Mr. WALSH. Except the money limit. When the money inquire whether that is limited simply to the forestation of has been exhausted he has to stop. That is the time limit. lands. Mr. DICKINSON. I cannot see the limitation here. Mr. WALSH. Yes; it is. The original bill had a comma · Mr. WALSH. Of course, the Senator will agree that the after " works of a public nature ", and then followed with President is studying and covering the whole field of domes the word " forestation." The committee changed that and tic readjustment; that we have chaos and distress and un limited the works of a public nature to "such as foresta employment. This is .why we are giving the President ex tion" of lands belonging to the United States and the pre ceptional emergency powers. If Senators do not accept these vention of forest fires, fioods, and soil erosion, plant-pest conditions, they can make all kinds of arguments against and disease control. this bill. Mr. FESS. I wanted to know whether the latter state Mr. DICKINSON. I do accept that condition. ment did not modify" forestation of lai;lds "? It says" suit Mr. WALSH. I said, in the first words I used, that we able for timber production"; that is one; "the prevention of must think in terms of emergency. We must keep thinking forest fires, fioods, and soil erosion, is another; "plant-pest of the words "emergency relief unemployment." When we and disease control" is another; ·" the construction, main think of those words we have to use the word" discretion." tenance, or repair of paths, trails, and fire lanes in the na Where? How? We cannot go into detail, and that is the tional parks and national forests" is another. Then there way this bill is framed. It says, " In view of these conditions is this other expression: · here are the forests of the country. Here are some funds. And such other work on the public domain and Government -Here are the unemployed. Go out and find useful Govern reservations as the President may determine to be desirable. Ini)nt work for them and extend to them some measure of What is the reason for that? relief." Mr. WALSH. The reason for that is that the President, That is the whole principle on which the bill is framed. in all probability, would have to build camps; he would have Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. Mr. President-- to make arrangements for supplying water to the camps; Mr. WALSH. I yield to the Senator from Arkansas. and that language was used so as to permit him to make Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. I ask unanimous consent provision for housing, caring, and other desirable under that the Senator from Massachusetts be permitted to yield takings for these unemployed persons. in order that a message from the President may be laid down Mr. FESS. My concern was as to whether we might not and read. It is a brief message. be authorizing the President to engage in some new field Mr. WALSH. I do not know that I have anything more that ought to have specific consideration before we did it, to say, unless there are other questions. because otherwise we might make commitments involving Mr. FESS. I desire to ask the Senator a few questions. heavy expenditures in the future. Mr. WALSH. Before taking my seat, however, I wish to impress upon the Senate the fact that this is a permissive Mr. WALSH. I do not know of very many things that the bill, not a compelling bill, and that it is permissive because President can build in the public domain. We had in mind of emergency conditions in the country. It is an honest, the matter which the Senator has properly suggested, and patriotic effort to extend relief; and I hope Senators will sought to limit the activities under this bill to the public h1terpret the provisions of the bill in that light. If they do, domain and to the things named here-forestation and the I am sure they will agree that the amendment proposed by other things. I think, on further refiection, the Senator the committee is an improvement upon the original bill, will agree that the limitation here is all that could be de and that it takes care of the situation as satisfactorily as sired under the circumstances. can be expected in view of the emergency conditions. Mr. FESS. I was interested to know if the committee had This ~ill is illustrative of the present temporary emer considered that. gency policy. It is an authorization under which the Presi Mr. WALSH. We did. That very thing was thoroughly 'dent can deal decisively, speedily, and helpfully with one discussed. phase of a domestic problem of large and increasing im Mr. FESS. Another question I desire to ask is whether the portance-unemployment relief. committee discussed how expensive per man this would be, The President of necessity is given wide discretion both as where clothing and subsistence are furnished. to policy and administration. Mr. WALSH. No; we did not. The provisions of the The extent of the benefits that will accrue from this kind original draft provided for that, and a good deal of dis of legislation cannot be estimated. cussion on that subject was gone into before the committee. Its possibilities of helpfulness to the unemployed and its We felt, however, that all of that should be eliminated; that value in the conservation of a great natural resource are it was a detail that should not be embodied in a legislative exceedingly great. act; that when we appropriate money to build a post office It should be an important aid also in stimulating the or to develop rivers and harbors we do not go into details resumption of trade and production. about furnishing clothing and about furnishing subsistence, The President is left free from legislative details and and so forth. restrictions. Mr. FESS. I sympathize with what the Senator said The committee feel that in the present emergency he must earlier about the details. I share with him a good deal his be left free to determine how to handle the many and diffi feeling on that subject; but it occurred to me that we cult details of this problem by the judgment of circlllllStances might be launching into a thing here that is going to be as they develop. much more expensive than hiring men at fixed ratt>.s, in 870 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARcH 27 view of the fact that we are proceeding to pay all the cost Mr. WALSH. I yield to the Senator from New York. of their maintenance, and so forth. Then I will yield to the Senator from Wisconsin. Mr. WALSH. Of course, as I said before, this is more or Mr. COPELAND. Mr. President, I should like to say, in less an experiment. The President undoubtedly will have further reply to the Senator from Ohio, that the original bill to change his policy from time to time as he finds that a provided for a wage of .a dollar a day, and so forth. The certain plan does not work, and develop along the desired amendment offered by the committee makes it a relief bill lines. We have had, of necessity, to give him that discre instead of an employment bill in the ordinary sense; and, 'tion. No work like this has ever been undertaken hereto if the Senator will observe, at the bottom of page 4 and the fore: · There "is no precedent for it insofar as the Federal top of page 5 the President is authorized " to provide for Government is concerned, so we felt that it was improper housing the persons so employed and for furnishing them to define and specify the labor conditions and the wage with such subsistence, clothing, medical attendance, and schedule. hospitalization", and finally a cash allowance of some sort. Mr. FESS. Frankly, I was a little disturbed by the The wage part is not emphasized as it was in the original chairman's side remark a while ago when he said that the bill. President had decided to put some union-labor man in Further, let me say that it was. estimated that the hous charge of this work, because such men are always con ing, subsistence, clothing, medical attendance, and hospitali cerned about a high wage, with which the Senator and I zation would amount to about a dollar a day, and we took agree; but if the wage and also subsistence are paid, there some testimony on that score. 1 is an opening there for a good deal of disadvantage to the Now, a final thing and I will not annoy the Senator Government. further. Mr. WALSH. I think the detail of that can be worked Mr. FESS. Mr. President, what is included in the term out very satisfactorily. I think in different camps different " clothing " ? . wages may be fixed, and I think the wage should be fixed Mr. WALSH. I do not think anybody gave us expert evi with an idea of deducting from it the cost of sustenance dence on that. and of clothing. I did not intend to convey the idea that Mr. COPELAND. It did not include silk hats. I am sure the President had finally decided to name a labor repr~ of that. [Laughter.] It means the roughest kind of cloth sentative as director. ing, such as is furnished to privates in the Army. Mr. FESS. Certainly. Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. Clothing appropriate for Mr. WALSH. May I add, in this connection, that it re the use of the persons in their employment. minds me of another provision that the Senator from New Mr. COPELAND. That is right. York [Mr. CoPELAND] and the Senator from Wisconsin One thing further, and then I will stop. [Mr. LA FoLLETTE], members of the committee, helped to I want to say to the Senator from Michigan that it seemed incorporate in the committee redraft; namely, the framing to me that any prudent business man, if he had arranged for of the provision as to compensation in such a way that the money to be used during the next 2 or 3 years, had it in present law as to reduction in wages would be applicable to the bank, and then some emergency came along, would be these employees. We felt that the President should fix the foolish to go and borrow new money instead of making use wage at such a sum as would permit the operation of that temporarily of funds which he had dedicated to another law. The original draft contemplated that that law should purpose. This money which is to be used is money which not apply to these men, because there the wage was fixed at theoretically, at least, is in the TreasUry. Some of the $30, and the wage appeared to be so low that it was thought funds are unexpended balances. Those of us who have unfair and improper to make a reduction of 15 percent of served on the Appropriations Committee realize that every that wage; so we eliminated even that from this bill. year, when we make up the appropriation bills, some of the Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas, Mr. LA FOLLETTE, and funds are taken from unexpended balances; and so it is other Senators addressed the Chair. contemplated that the President will seek out those unex The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from pended balances, those activities which may be deferred Massachusetts yield; and, if so, to whom? temporarily, and in that way find the money without a new Mr. WALSH. I yield to the Senator from Arkansas. call upon the taxpayers at this time. Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. Mr. President, we might Further, so far as one man can commit another, I know just as well understand now that if the President is to be from what the President told us at the White House the permitted to go out into the country and onto the farms other night that he is as much interested in the river and and take idle persons who are not in the habit of receiving harbor construction and activities as the Senator from more than a dollar or two dollars per day and put them Michigan and myself, because, as the Senator from Massa into camps and pay them $5 or $Hl per day for work of chusetts has said, he spoke specifically of a canal across the this character, the bill will accomplish no substantial re State of Florida as one of the things that might possibly be sults. There ought to be a reasonable latitude allowed with considered, not as a promise or a definite arrangement but respect to wages, but there ought not to be written into this merely as an example of what might be done. So I know bill a standard of wages that is applicable to skilled laborers that the President has no thought in the world of discon or to union employees. We might just as well meet that tinuing any of those activities relating to rivers and harbors issue now. which are essential in the immediate future for the welfare Mr. WALSH. In fact, there will have to be different of our country. classes of labor-common labor and skilled labor. Mr. LA FOLLE'ITE and Mr. VANDENBERG addressed the Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. Certainly. Chair. Mr. WALSH. We have even left that to the President's Mr. WALSH. I yield to the Senator from Wisconsin. discretion. Then I will yield to the Senator from Michigan. Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. A man who gets his sus Mr. LA FOLLETTE. Mr. President, I desire to make tenance and his shelter and the other benefits that come or reference to a statement made by the Senator from Ohio are presumed to come with these camps can afford to work when he expressed apprehension that the language to be for a smaller amount until he can get more liberal terms of found on page 4, beginning in line 22, " and such other work employment. The object is to take up as much as possible on the public domain and Government reservations as the of the slack and to give a measure of employment to those President may determine to be desirable ", was too broad, too who cannot secure it now. sweeping. In that connection, since we are merely consider Mr. COPELAND, Mr. LA FOLLETTE, and Mr. VANDEN ing the bill, I desire to suggest that the apprehension con BERG addressed the Chair. cerning that language could be easily taken care of by The PRESIDING OFFICER. To whom does the Senator inserting, on line 22, after the word "work", the words from Massachusetts yield? " i.D.cidental to or necessary in connection with any of the 1933 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 871 projects of the character enumerated", so that it would Mr. DilL. I should like to suggest, in addition to that, read: that all the relief agencies of the different States would And such other work incidental to or necessary in connection also be conferred with. with any of the projects of the character enumerated on the pub Mr. LA FOLLETTE. That is correct. lic domain and Government reservations as the President may Mr. W ALSR. That is a matter of regulation with the determine to be desirable. President. He has intimated that is the course he would That would give him the broadest sort of power to under follow. take any other work not enumerated but made necessary Mr. DILL. Mr. President, will the Senator from Massa-· incidental to or in connection with any of the projects which chusetts yield to me? are above enumerated. Mr. W.ALSH. I yield. Mr. WALSH. That suggestion will be incorporated in the Mr. Dll..L. I was interested in the discussion of the Sen bill. I appreciate the Senator's suggestion. ator from Georgia [Mr. GEORGE] a while ago about restrict Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. May I say that the lan ing the operation of the measure to only Government land guage might be further modified so as to read," in the opin and State and municipally owned land that might be re ion of the President necessary to carry out the purposes forested or might be dealt with. I appreciate the reasons herein enumerated." the Senator from Massachusetts gave for not including them Mr. WALSH. Correct. in the bill. On the other hand, I am convinced that the Mr. VANDENBERG. Mr. President-- work of reforestation, from the standpoint of fiood control, Mr. WALSH. If the Senator from Wisconsin will propose would be worth very little in many sections of the country an amendment of that kind tomorrow, I $all be glad to if it were confined entirely to Government land, because accept it. · the vast areas which need reforestation-and it is particu larly true in the far Northwest-are privately owned lands. I yield now to the Senator from Michigan. I am wondering whether the Senator has given considera Mr. ·vANDENBERG. Mr. President, ill response to _a tion to the possibility of having loans from the Reconstruc question asked by the Senator from Iowa [Mr. DicKINSoN], tion Finance Corporation to private owners who are willing the Senator froin Massachusetts made a very eloquent ap to cooperate with the President in his plan of reforestation peal for the summary. passage of this bill because of the in any sections of the country. dire need which be depicted. I ·am Sure he did not mean Mr. WALSH. That is a proposal to which we did not to infer that the only way that one can be sympathetic give consideration in the committee-namely, the one the with that dire need is to take the bill " as is , ; and surely he Senator suggests, of loans being made by the Reconstruc did not mean to infer that those who have submitted in tion Finance Corporation. We did consider the proposal of quiries respecting the bill are any less sympathetic with the authorizing the President to enter into contracts with pri objective than he is. · vate individuals to carry on forestation on their lands or Mr. WALSH .. No; I did not mean to infer that. I did properties. We felt that that would be opening the door think at times during the discussion here that som~ Sena pretty wide; that it might lead to scattered efforts, a place tors were approaching the consider_ation of the bill in a here and another camp far away, and only a few men in critical way; but ·that is perfectly legitimate. one place and a few in another. We thought it would be Mr. VANDENBERG. May I ask the Senator how the better to postpone consideration of that, although we did employment of this labor is contemplated to be made, and recognize some merit in it, as the Senator from Washington whether there is any expectation that it will be representa indicates. We thought it better to postpone it until we saw tive of unemployment the country over? Where are these how this project worked out, and perhaps in later legisla men who are to be put to work to come from? tion give that authority. I understand the Reconstruction . Mr. WALSH. The language of the bill covering employ Finance Corporation is specifically authorized to make loans ing citizens is as follows: to private individuals for reforestation work. It is a project To provide for employing citizens of the United States who are that is considered self-liquidating. unemployed 1n the construction, maintenance, and carrying on Mr. DILL. There is the other argument, that it would be of works of a public nature. the Government entering upon private employment, which The President, in his original plan and in his discussion I was trying to meet by my suggestion of the Reconstruction with us of the purposes, said he contemplated selecting the Finance Corporation lending money for this purpose, for citizens who are to undertake this work from the several which it would not ordinarily be authorized to make loans. States in proportion to the number of unemployed in the I am not going to press the matter as an amendment to several States. That is a matter of regulation, however. the pending bill, but it does seem to me that the effective Mr. VANDENBERG. In other words, the expectation is ness of this reforestation work, and particularly as it looks that there will be, as nearly as possible, a uniform treatment toward fiood control, will be hampered, and made almost of the unemployment problem the country over? worth very little if it is confined entirely to Government res Mr. WALSH. If New York City had 10 times as many ervations. The fact of the matter is that on the Govern unemployed as Detroit. it would be expected that there ment lands the cutting of timber has been so controlled that would be more people employed from New York than from it is not such a serious proposition. The private lands are Detroit. the ones which are making the trouble. Mr. VANDENBERG. Are they to be transported to the Mr. WALSH. In other words, the Senator feels there is points where the projects are located? more need of reforestation on private lands than on Gov ernment land? Mr. WALSH. That was contemplated in the original bill, Mr. DILL. They ought to go together. and the expense of transportation was to be paid by the Mr. COOLIDGE. Mr~ President, will my colleague yield? Government. Mr. WALSH. I yield. Mr. LA FOLLETTE. Mr. President, will the Senator Mr. COOLIDGE. I should like to ask my colleague whether yield? in the committee they considered, in connection with sec Mr. WALSH. I Yield. tion 3, the possibility of going out and buying group insur Mr. LA FOLLETTE. May I say, in further response to ance, the same as an individual would do. Otherwise we the inquiry made by the Senator from Michigan, that the would be building up another pension scheme, which might Secretary of Labor stated in her testimony, if I remember go along and cost the Government a certain amount for 25 correctly, that it is contemplated that the Department of or 50 years, whereas if we set up a fund out of the fund the Labor, through the United States employment agencies and Government is to spend, we could buy this insurance and in conjunction with State agencies, will be the Department pay for it, and it would be carried along year after year. through which the selection of these men, in proportion, Mr. WALSH. We did not give consideration to that insofar as practicable, to unemployment, is to be undertaken. aspect of the question. The original bill authorized the 872 _CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 27 establishment of a civilian corps, and in that bill was a pro Federal organizations which deal primarily with agricultural viso against pensions. As we abandoned the idea of a civil credit, namely, the Federal Farm Board, the Federal Farm ian corps we did not think it necessary to put such a re Loan Board, the functions of the Secretary of Agriculture striction in this bill We have left the whole project open with regard to loans in aid of agriculture, and those of the to the President to proceed in the ordinary, usual way, of Reconstruction Finance Corporation pertaining to the man employing the unemployed to perform this work. agement of regional agricultural-credit corporations. The Mr. COOLIDGE. Probably at some later date it will be functions of the Federal Farm Board with regard to further possible to offer amendments to the bill. stabilization operations are abolished by the order. Mr. WALSH. Undoubtedly. A better coordination of the agencies involved in our agri Mr. COOLIDGE. I wondered whether the Senator would cultural credit systEm will produce a more uniform program have any objection to putting into this section, or having it for agricultural c1·edits and will result in substantial econo go along with the present law, a provision that the Govern mies. A saving oi more than $2,000,000 is the immediate ment might set up a fund and go out and buy group insur effect of this order. Further substantial savings are antici ance. pated. Mr. WALSH. I will be glad to submit the proposal to Important as are the foregoing, of greater and controlling the committee, and give it consideration. Of course, as importance is the maintenance of the long -standing policy the Senator knows, the Federal employees' compensation of the Federal Government to maintain and strengthen a laws are specifically made applicable. sound and permanent system of cooperative agricultural Mr. COPELAND. Mr. President, I should like to say a credit, subject to Federal supervision and operated on the word in reply to what the Senator from Washington stated. basis of providing the maximum of security to present and He spoke about extending the benefits of the act to private prospective investors in bonds and debentures resting on lands. farm mortgages or other agricultural securities-all for the We gave study to that question, and it seemed to us that purpose of meeting the credit needs of agriculture at mini it was unfair to go upon private lands and benefit private mum cost. landowners by the employment of persons paid such a small FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT. amount that it would deprive normally employed labor from THE WHITE HOUSE, March 27, 1933. doing the work upon these private holdings, work which The accompanying paper was ordered to be printed in the would benefit the private owners. · RECORD, and it is as follows: I think the Senator would do well, however, to present an amendment to the Reconstruction Finance Corporation Act EXECUTIVE ORDER REORGANIZING AGRICULTURAL CREDIT AGENCIES at the proper time, to provide for loans for that purpose, OF THE ~TED STATES because it is not only in his section of the country that there Whereas sections 401 and 403 of title IV of part n of are private holdings in cut-over land, but that is true in my the Legislative Appropriation Act, fiscal year 1933, as section of the country, too. In the part of New York State amended by an act of Congress approved March 3, 1933, where my own home is located, in the Ramapo Mountains, provide: there are thousands upon thousands of acres of cut-over SEc. 401. The Congress hereby declares that a serious emergency land, land which formerly carried great forests, and it could exists by reason of the general econom1c depression; that it 1s be restored by the proper planting, and so forth. So I hope imperative to reduce drastically governmental expenditures; and that such reduction may be accomplished in great measure by the Senator will press the matter. proceeding immediately under the provisions of this title. There is one other matter, however, relative to the private Accordlngly the President shall invest igate the present organi land, of which I want to speak, in reply to what the Senator zation of all executive and administrative agencies of the Gov ernment and shall determine what changes therein are neces from Georgia suggested. There can be no doubt but that sary to accomplish the following purposes: occasionally in pest-control work it will be necessary to (a) To reduce expenditures to the fullest extent qonsistent extend some of the operations of this activity to private land, with the efficient operation of the Government; and it might well be that if anything were done in marsh (b) To increase t he efficiency of the operations of the Gov ernment to the fullest extent practicable within the revenues; drainage or in flood control, it might be necessary to have (c) To group, coordinate, and consolidate executive and ad some of the activity on private land, not for the benefit ministrative agencies of the Government as nearly as may be directly of the private landowner but in order that the public according to major purposes; (d) To reduce the number of such agencies by consolidating domain might be benefited by the carrying out of the project. those having similar functions under a single head and by Mr. DILL. Mr. President, I may say to the Senator that abolishing such agencies and/ or such functions thereof as may since this plan is to go into operation so soon, we shall have not be necessary for the efficient conduct of the Government: an opportunity to see how it will work out in time to know (e) To eliminate overlapping and duplication of effort; and (f) To segregate regulatory agencies and functions from those what legislation should be enacted regarding such loans. of an administrative and executive character. Szc. 403. Whenever the President, after investigation, shall find ORDER FOR RECESS and declare that any regrouping, consolidation, transfer, or aboli Mr. ROBINSON of Arkansas. I ask unanimous consent tion of any executive agency or agencies and/ or the functions that when the Senate concludes its labors today it take a thereof is necessary to accomplish any of the purposes set forth in section 401 of this title, he may by Executive order- recess until 12 o'clock tomorrow. ( a) Transfer the whole or any part of any executive agency The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. CLARK in the chair). and/ or the functions thereof to the jurisdiction and control of Is there objection? The Chair hears none, and it is so any other executive agency; ordered. (b) Consolidate the functions vested in any executive agency; or MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT-REORGANIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL (c) Abolish the whole or any part of any executive agency CREDIT AGENCIES (H.DOC. NO. 7) and/or the functions thereof; and (d) Designate and fix the name and functions of any consoli The PRESIDING OFFICER laid before the Senate a mes dated a~tivity or executive agency anti the title, powers, and duties sage from the President of the United States, which was of its executive head; except that the President shall not have read, and, with the accompanying paper, referred to the authority under this title to abolish or transfer an executive de Committee on Appropriations and ordered to be printed, as partment and/or all the functions thereof. follows: Now, therefore, pursuant to the authority so vested in me, and after investigation, it is found and declared that the To the Senate and House of Representatives: following changes in executive agencies and the functions Pursuant to the provisions of section 1, title III, of the thereof are necessary to accomplish the purposes set forth act entitled "An act to maintain the credit of the United in section 401 above recited, and it is hereby ordered that: States Government ", approved March 20, 1933, I am trans (1) The functions of the Secretary of Agriculture as a mitting herewith an Executive order reorganizing the agri member of the Federal Farm Board, and the offices of the cultural credit agencies of the United States. appointed members of the Federal Farm Board, except the This Executive order consolidates in one agency-the office of the member designated as chairman thereof, are Farm Credit Administration-the functions of all present abolished. 1933 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 873 · (2) The name of the Federal Farm Board is changed to tion as to the particular functions for the execution of the Farm Credit Administration. which the same were originally appropriated. All other ap (3) The name of the office of Chairman or' the Federal propriations, allotments, and other funds available for use Farm Board is changed to Governor of the Farm Credit Ad in connection with the functions and executive agencies ministration, and he is vested with all the powers and duties hereby transferred and consolidated are hereby transferred of the Federal Farm Board. to and vested in the farm credit administration, and shall ( 4) The functions of the Secretary of the Treasury as a be available for use by it, for the same purposes as if the member of the Federal Farm Loan Board, and the offices of farm credit administration were named in the law or au the appointed members of the Federal Farm Loan Board, thority providing such appropriations, allotments, or other except the office of the member designated as Farm Loan funds. Commissioner, are abolished, and all the powers and func (10) All power, authority, and duties conferred by law tions of the Federal Farm Loan Board are transferred to upon any officer, executive agency, or head thereof, from and vested in the Farm Loan Commissioner, subject to the which or from whom transfer is hereinbefore made, in rela jurisdiction and control of the Farm Credit Administration tion to the executive agency or function transferred, are as herein provided. transferred to and vested in the Governor of the Farm (5) There are transferred to the jurisdiction and control Credit Administration. of the Farm Credit Administration: <11) The Governor of the Farm Credit Administration is (a) The Federal Farm Loan Bureau and the functions directed to dismiss, furlough, transfer, or make other ap thereof; together with the functions of the Federal Farm propriate disposition of such of the officers and employees Loan Board, including the functions of the Farm Loan under his jurisdiction and control as are not required for Commissioner; the proper execution of the functions of the Farm Credit (b) The functions of the Treasury Department and the Administration. Department of Agriculture, and the Secretaries thereof, (12) The Governor of the Farm Credit Administration is under Executive authorizations to give aid to fanners, dated authorized to execute any and all functions and perform any July 26, 1918, and any extensions or amendments thereof; and all duties vested in him through such persons as he (c) The functions of the Secretary of Agriculture under shall by order designate or employ. all provisions of law relating to the making of advances or (13) The Governor of the Farm Credit Administration, loans to farmers, fruitgrowers, producers and owners of by order or rules and regulations, may consolidate, regroup, livestock and crops, and to individuals for the purpose of and transfer offices, bureaus, activities, and functions in the assisting in forming or increasing the capital stock of agri Farm Credit Administration, so far as may be required to cultural-credit corporations, livestock-loan companies, or carry out the purposes to which this order is directed, and like organizations, except Public Resolution No. 74, Seven may fix or change the names of such offices, bureaus, and tieth Congress, approved December 21, 1928, providing for activities and the duties, powers, and titles of their executive the Puerto Rican Hurricane Relief Commission; heads. (d) The Crop Production Loan Office and the Seed Loan This order shall take effect upon the sixty-first calendar Office of the Department of Agriculture, and the functions day after its transmission to Congress unless otherwise de thereof; • termined in accordance with the provisions of section 407 of (e) The functions of the Reconstruction Finance Cor the act cited above, as amended. poration and its board of directors relating to the appoint FRANKLIN D. RoOSEVELT. ment of officers and agents to manage regional agricultural THE WmTE HousE, March 27, 1933. credit corporations formed under section 201 (e) ·of the Emergency Relief and Construction Act of 1932; relating __ -~NGE OF REFERENCE-BIMETALLISM to the establishment of rules and regulations for such man Mr. WHEELER. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent agement; and relating to the approval of loans and ad that the Committee on Finance be discharged from the fur vances made by such corporations and of the terms and ther consideration of the bill (S. 70) to establish a bimetallic conditions thereof. system of currency, employing gold and silver, to fix the (6) The functions vested in the Federal Farm Board by relative value of gold and silver, to provide for the free section 9 of the Agricultural Marketing Act are abolished, coinage of silver as well as gold, and for other purposes, and except that such functions shall continue to be exercised to that the bill be referred to the Committee on Banking and such extent and for such time as may be necessary to per Currency. I understand the Committee on Banking and mit the orderly winding up of the activities of stabiliza CUrrency has appointed a subcommittee to take up the vari tion corporations heretofore recognized tinder authority of ous phases of the silver question. such section, and the governor of the farm credit adminis The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there objection to the re tration shall take appropriate action for winding up at the quest of the Senator from Montana? The Chair hears none, earliest practicable date the activities of such corporations and it is so ordered. and all affairs related to the exercise of such functions. REDUCTION IN WORKING HOURS (7) The records, property SIGNING OF ENROLLED BILL HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Washington, D.C., March 24, 1933. The SPEAKER. Pursuant to the authority conferred Hon. HENRY T. RAINEY, upon him by House Resolution 74 the Chair desires to in Speaker of the House of Representatives, form the House that he did, on March 24, sign the enrolled · Washington, D.C. DEAR MR. SPEAKER: Because I cannot give required time and bill of the House, H.R. 3757 . . study to the important work on two committees to which I have APPOINTMENTS BY THE tPEAKER been elected a member, I hereby resign as a member of the follow ing two committees: The Chair laid before the House the following appoint Immigration and Naturalization. ments: Flood Control. Pursuant to the provision of title 40, section 175, United Sincerely yours, States Code, the Chair appoints the gentleman from North JOE H. EAGLB. Carolina, Mr. Pou, and the gentleman from New Jersey, The resignation was accepted. Mr. BACHARACH, members of the House Office Building HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Commission to serve with himself. Washington, D.C., March 23, 1933. 24, 236, Hon. HENRY T. RAINEY, Pursuant to the provision of title section United Speaker of the House of Representatives, States Code, the Chair appoints as Directors of the Columbia Washington, D.C. Institute for the Deaf the following Members of the House MY DEAR MR. SPEAKER: I hereby respectfully tender my resig- of Representatives: Mr. BLooM, of New York, and Mr. GIB nation from the following committees: Merchant Marine, Radio, and Fisheries. soN, of Vermont. Elections No. 3. Pursuant to the provisions of the act of June 10, 1872 07 War Claims. StatL. 360), the Chair appoints as members of the board Respectfully yours, of directors of the Columbia Hospi~al for Women the fol LAWRENCE lMHOFI'. lowing Members of the House: Mrs. NoRTON and Mrs. KAHN. The resignation was ·accepted. Pursuant to the provision of title 20, section 43, United THE RELIEF OF UNEMPLOYMENT States Code, the Chair appoints as a regent of the Smith Mr. CONNERY. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous cons'ent sonian Institute to fill out the unexpired term of Mr. Albert that I may have until 12 o'clock tonight to file the report Johnson, of Washington, the gentleman from Massachusetts, of the Committee on Labor on the bill (H.R. 3905) for the Mr. GIFFORD. relief of unemployment of labor. Pursuant to the provision of title 16, section 715a, United Mr. SNELL. Reserving the right to object, I should like States Code, Supplement VI, the Chair appoints as members a little information. What is the plan for the consideration of the Migratory Bird Conservation Commission the follow of the bill? ing Members of the House: Mr. McREYNOLDS, of Tennessee, Mr. CONNERY. 1 will say that the Committee on Labor and Mr. WooDRUFF, of Michigan. has accepted the Senate Committee on Education and Labor Pursuant to the provision of title 16, section 513, United bill, which is a new bill. The Senate committee struck out States Code, the Chail: appoints as members of the Nation3.1 all after the enacting clause and drafted a new bill, which Forest Reservation Commission the followihg Members of the Senate committee says is acceptable to the President. the House: Mr. WALL DoXEY, of Mississippi, and Mr. JoHN D. The House Committee on Labor has accepted the Senate CLARKE, of New York. committee bill. I am going to file the report today. RESIGNATIONS Mr. BYRNS. I can see no reason why the bill cannot be The Chair laid before the House the following resigna taken up tomorrow and disposed of. tions: Mr. SNELL. If there is time to look the bill over. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Mr. BYRNS. It will be printed by morning, and the Washington, D.C., March 27, 1933. Hon. HENRY T. RAINEY, question will be whether we take it up under a rule or take Speaker of the House of Representatives, it up by unanimous consent. Washington, D.C. Mr. SNELL. We ought to have time to look the bill over DEAR MR. RAINEY: I herby submit my resignation as one of the managers on the part of the House in the pending impeachment before it is taken up. proceedings against Harold Louderback, a United States judge for Mr. BYRNS. If there is a genuine disposition on the part the northern district of California. of the Membership that they have a longer time to look the Yours truly, M. C. TARVER. bill over after it is printed, we can take it up Wednesday. The resignation was accepted. Mr. SNELL. Unless you have something else for Wedne~ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, day, why not make this a special order, and then we will Washington, D.C., March 25, 1933. have plenty of opportunity to read the bill and the report? Hon. HENRY T. RAINEY, Mr. BANKHEAD. Wiij the gentleman yield? Speaker of the House of Representatives, Mr. CONNERY. I yield. Washington, D.C. MY DEAR MR. SPEAKER: I hereby tender my resignation from the Mr. BANKHEAD. Unless unanimous consent is given, it Committee on Census, Education, Elections No. 1, and Roads, and wiii be necessary to bring it up under a rule. Why does not respectfully ask that said resignati~ns be accepted. the gentleman suggest that we take the bill up by unanimol.lS Sincerely yours, . MARTIN A. BRENNAN. consent on Wedne£day? The resignation was accepted. Mr. BLANTON. Before we do that, why not first dis HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, pose of the unanimous-consent request made by the gentle Washington, D.C., March 23, 1933. man from Massachusetts? Under a reservation to ob]ect, I Hon. HENRY T. RAINEY, should like to ask him a question. What is the pay proposed Speaker of the House of Representatives, Wash-ington, D.C. in the bill that is to be considered? MY DEAR MR. SPEAKER: I desire to respectfully present herewith Mr. CONNERY. That is left entirely with the President. my resignation as a member of the Committee on Invalid Pensions. He can pay 30 cents a day if he wishes. Most sincerely yours, THEO. B. WERNER. Mr. BLANTON. Does the gentleman and his committee The resignation was accepted. say that they are going along with the President? HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Mr. CONNERY. Oh, the gentleman from Texas knows Washington, D.C., March 24, 1933. that I could not go along with the President on any bill that Bon. HENR:Y T. RAINEY, . would allow the President, if he wished, to pay a man 30 Speaker oj the House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. cents a day. I am opposed to the Senate committee bill, MY DEAR MR. SPEAKER: I respectfully tender my resignation as and I am going to file a minority report. member of the Committee on Insular Affairs and the Committee Mr. BLANTON. Is the committee "going to report such on Election of President, Vice President, and Representatives in Congress, to which I was appointed, and request its acceptance. a bill as the President proposes and then expect to defeat Respectfully yours, it on the floor? KATHRYN O'LouGHLIN McCARXHY. Mr. CONNERY. The committee is going to report the The resignation was accepted. bill and ask for its passage. The chairman of the commit- 1933 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 877 proVIde for employing citizens of the United States who are un tee will fight the bill, and I told the committee that I employed tn the construction. maintenance, and carrying on of reserved my rights to oppose the bill. works of a public nature in connection with the forestation of Mr. BLANTON. I want to ask my friend the distin lands belonging to the United States or to the several States guished gentleman from Massachusetts, who 1s chairman of which are suitable for timber production, the prevention of forest fires, floods, and soil erosion, plant pest and disease control, the the committee, if he thinks the President in this time of construction, maintenance, or repair of paths, trails, and fire depression, with 12,000,000 unemployed men walking the lanes in the national parks and national forests, and such other streets, ought to pay these men-250,000 now idle men he work on the public domain and Government reservations as the President may determine to be desirable. The President is is to enlist--4, 8, or 12 dollars a day? further authorized by regulation to provide for housing the per Mr. CONNERY. Fifty dollars a month for single men sons so employed and for rurnishing them wtth such subsistence, without dependents, $80 for married men, and $80 for men clothing, medical attendance, and hospitalization, and cash allow with dependents are the sums I asked for in my amend- ance as may be necessary during the period they are so employed. " SEc. 2. For the purposes of carrying out the provisions of this ments. · act the President is authorized to enter into such contracts or Mr. BLANTON. That is far more than the gentleman's arrangements with States, counties, municipalities, and other brave buddies got for fighting on the front-line trenches in public bodies as may be necessary, and the President, or the head France. If I were out of a job and could not find work, I of any department or agency authorized by him to construct any project or to carry on any such public works, shall have would be glad to get any work of any kind. authority to acquire real property by purchase, donation. con Mr. CONNERY. They should have got much more than demnation, or otherwise, but the provisions of section 355 of the they did when fighting in France while other men were at Revised Statutes shall not apply to any property so acquired. .. SEc. 3. Insofar as applicable, the benefits of the act entitled home accumulating millions of dollars. 'An act to provide compensation for employees suffering in Mr. GOSS. Reserving the right to object, do I under juries while in the performance of their duties, and for other · stand the unanimous-consent request of the gentleman from purposes', approved September 7, 1916, as amended. shall extend Massachusetts includes minority views and also the majority to persons g.iven employment under the provisions of this act. "SEc. 4. For the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this views in the same report? act, there is hereby authorized to be expended, under the direc Mr. CONNERY. Yes; I make that request. tion of the President, out of any unobligated moneys heretofore Mr. GOSS. Printed in the same report? appropriated for public works (except for projects on which actual Mr. construction may be commenced within 90 days), such sums as CONNERY. Yes. may be necessary; and an amount equal to the amount so ex Mr. BUL WINKLE. May I ask the gentleman how many pended is hereby authorized to be appropriated for the same pur will sign the minority report? poses for which such moneys were .originally appropriated." Mr. CONNERY. I cannot say at this time. The purpose of this bill is to enact into law the recommenda Mr. BYRNS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that tions of the President as set forth in his message dated March 21, 1933, which is as follows: the bill The following excerpts from the hearings are of speclal interest: vigorously contended. It smacks, as I see lt, of fascism, of "Senator CoPELAND. Mr. Douglas, Budget Director, may we as Httlerism, of a form of sovietism. Labor 1n America has always sume that there is to be a resurvey of the needs of the country been free. It prides itself upon the exercise of freedom. It wants as regards public buildings and public works, and that in such to remain free. It wants to be known as free labor 1n free resurvey these projects which have been arranged for heretofore America, avoiding 1n the service that it gives to society the very may be restudied with a view to seeing how best we may get useful appearance of regimentation, of mllitary domination, of military employment? Is that the plan of the administration? control. " Mr. DouGLAS. Yes. _ "Now let us look at the picture which is formed from that ."Senator WALsH (presiding). I think it is desirable there should point of view, Mr. Chairman. We have the men recruited, as be a resurvey of public works. Do you not think so? signed to the military camps, regimented, prepared for their "Mr. DouGLAS. I would certainly think so. duties, shlpped to the point where they are to live, the camp "Senator WALSH (presiding). I think we have been spending a where they are to serve. I presume that when they assemble 1n great deal of money on public works that were not really essential these camps they will still be under some form of military disci or immediately necessary. pline or miUtary control, because I cannot conceive of an orderly "Representative HoPE. But, generally speaking, what your plan process being carried out under an enlistment of this kind, the contemplates is a resurvey of all the public-building proJects, creation of an army of this klnd, unless it carries with it some where the contracts have ·not actually been let, with the idea ot form of military discipline and military control. possibly making sQme changes 1n the nature and character of the " General MacArthur was very frank in stati.ng that was indeed program? the purpose. "Mr. DOUGLAS . Yes. "Now, the camp ls organized, the men are assigned to their " Senator TRA.MMELL. In other words, all public-works projects, tents, registration takes place, the record of every man is kept. which would include river and harbor projects, I presume, will be He rises in the morning at a certain hour, much as they do in a suspended until a check-up is made for the purpose of obtaining military camp. He follows the general routine prescribed under funds to undertake what is termed an emergency project to take m1lltary discipline. He goes out to his work and performs a day's care of emergency unemployment? work. He comes back to the camp at the end of the day, where "Mr. DouGLAS. Yes; temporarily, the obligation of public funds I presume he will follow the general routine of whatever military for that kind of projects, for new projects, is suspended. discipline or military control may be set up, and at night retires " Senator TRAMMELL. Have you filed with the committee, or can in accordance with military requirements or military control. you file with the committee, an itemization of those funds that " This army of conservation, these regimented workers, are to are not up to the present time obligated? be taken out and given employment in reforestation, soil erosion, .." Mr ~ DouGLAS. I cannot. flood control, I presume along the Mississippi River and other "Representatin CoNNERY. Madam Secretary, the funds for this places. relief, as I understand it, are to come from funds which have "Senator WALSH (presiding). The President mentioned the Ohio already been appropriated-for public. buildings and public works. River particularly. . When the Congress passed the bill for the appropriation of that "Mr. GREEN. The Ohio River. • Construction.' What does that money, it was in a relief blll that provided for 30 hours a .week, mean? Does that mean buildings? I presume it would mean the and provided that a decent rate of wages should be paid. By this buildings in the camps. I presume they would be required to blll you propose to take the money being paid to carpenters and construct the necessary buildings that are to be erected 1n the other skilled laborers who are now working on public works,. and camps; and if the work is on the Ohio River. they would be in who are receiving the prevailing rates of wages, and turn it over confiict with free labor all along that Ohio River Valley. ~ ~he class. of men covered by the provisions of the bill before the "There are men and women in the Ohio Valley. along the Mis committee, who are to be paid $1 a day. sissippi Valley in the South, along many other streams over which . " Secretary PERKINs. ~y understanding is that taklng money the Government has control, who are hungry and idle, who have from appropriations is a temporary expedient, so that no money famll.tes dependent upon them, who are seeking the opportunity need be appropriated for th1s particular work during the month to work at a standard rate of pay. Why should they not be con of March. sidered? "Representative F'rrzGmBoNs. You will make a record of the "Let us go into the Ohio Valley, the Mississippi Valley, on the medical examination you give these men? upper Lakes, in the forest, or on the public domain anywhere. " General MAcARTHUR. Yes, sir. These men are called out in the morning to perform a day's work "Representative FrrzGmBoNs. That is a public record? at 8 hours per day. That is service. That is labor. That is labor " General MAcARTHUR. It is. for which free labor asks that a decent wage shall be paid. "Representative F'ITzGm:soNs. If a man is turned down for some "Now, it is proposed to pay them for that day's work out in the defect, would lt n,ot be a handicap to him in procuring a job in forest, in the flood control, or wherever they may be employed, at private employment later on? the rate of $1 per day. Now, my friends, human psychology is " General MAcARTHUR. I fancy so. interesting. As soon as this bill is passed by the Congress of the "Representative GRISWOLD. In respect to the medical treatment United States, it will go down in history as a Congress that has contemplated, you do not contemplate it any more. than the World established a c;lollar-day wage for the payment of labor on the War treatment? public domain. You will never get away from it. The masses will "General McARTHUR. Such as vaccination for smallpox and for lose sight of the relief feature, but they wlll say that this Congress typhoid and paratyphoid." determined that a dollar a day was the pay that should be given The attitude of the organized workers was well explained by to men working in the forests of the Nation, in flood control, for William Green, president of the American Federation of Labor, the richest, most powerful nation under the sun. who was also speaking for the railroad brotherhoods. "Senator WALSH (presiding). In other words, you are very much In part Mr. Green said: disturbed about the precedent? "Labor looks upon the measure with feelings of very grave "Mr. GREEN. Absolutely, and the depressing effect that such apprehension. We are deeply concerned over the precedents that compensation for regimented workers will have upon the general wm be set through the enactment of this proposed legislation; and wage standards of our Nation. we are concerned with the etrect that it will have upon labor "I say to this committee that in my opinion you will never get standards and wage schedules. away from that. You will never get away from the fact that you "Fiist of all, we view with apprehension this process of regi have established a dollar a day for labor 1n tne United States menting labor during these peace periods. We cannot understand during this distressing period, and I do not think any fair-minded why it is necessary, in making an onslaught on the distressing man can defend such a rate of pay, especially when that rate is to unemployment situation which prevails throughout the Nation, to be paid by what we have always considered a model employer regiment labor, to enlist them in an army, even though you may Uncle Sam, the Government of the United States. call it an army of conservation. "You cannot restore prosperity in this Nation by paying men at " Labor has always regarded its free expression of decislon and a rate below a decent level. You cannot sell manufactured goods of action the right to accept employment and to leave it at will. if the workers have no buying power. . Labor has always endeavored to protect the very vital prtn:ciple of "They regiment labor in Fascist Italy; they regiment labor, or voluntarism, and because this bill provides !or regimentation dur are going to regiment it, in Hitler Germany; they regiment labor ing a distressing period when men and women are su1fering from in Soviet Russia; but it seems to me that the spirit of America is unemployment, we feel very keenly that that in itself will be not in favor of regimenting labor here. They want to avoid even highly objectional to labor. the very appearance of it. "Now, let us see for just a moment what thls regimentation of "Here we have an army to be recruited, sent to military bar labor means. First of all, you can draw your own conclusions racks, regimented, registered, assigned, subject to military disci from the bill. I presume we can place upon its language our pline in free America. own interpretation. But it seems inconceivable to me that we "Now, my friends, you must understand why we feel so keenly could regiment labor into an army without subjecting that labor about this, and I know that I am representing the heart and soul to physical examination, whereby the records of all the physical of America. Just as soon as thls bill is passed in its present form defects of men would be made public; and, second, to introduce this Congress will be classified and designated as the Congress that or institute some form at least of military discipline, of milital'y said U per day is the wage that should be paid to men employed domination, of military control. in the reforestation service of the country and you will never get " The first step in this regimentation was explained by General away from it." MacArthur very clearly. The enlistment will take place and they In closing, Mr. Green summarized his objection in the following will be assigned to the Government's camps at Governors Island words: and other places, 'where they will be prepared for service in thls " First of all, we are opposed to the regimentation feature of this army of conservation. That is military in itself. There is your proposed legislation. We do not think. it is necessary to regiment regimentation, the very principle against which labor has always working men during peace periods and impose upon them a form 880 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD_.HOUSE MARcH 27 of compulsory labor in the camps or in the reforestatio~ centers p~yees' Compensation Commission is hereby authorized to pay of the Nation. Second, the bill provides that the maximum rate such benefits as are provided for in case of the injury or death to be paid these regimented workers in these camps shall be $1 a of a person working at his or a similar trade in the classified day. We believe that is not an American wage. We believe that service _of. the United States. is not in keeping with the spirit and traditions and pollcy. of the · "SEc. 3. That. the.' President is hereby authorized, under such American people. We are_ opposed to the establishment of $1. a rules and regulations as he may prescribe and by utilizing such day as compensation for workers who are employed by the richest, existing departments or agencies as he may designate, to provide most powerful Nation under the sun." for employing citizens of the United States who are unemployed in Representative CoNNERY. I want to ask you this, Mr. Green: the construction, maintenance, and carrying on of works of a pub You have stated it already to the committee, but I want it made lic nature in connection With the forestation of lands belonging clear to the American public that the American Federation of to the United States or to the several States which are suitable Labor and labor throughout the United States believes that the for timber production; the prevention of forest fires, soil erosion, setting of a rate of a dollar a day is inimical to the best interests plant pest, and disease control; the construction, maintenance, or of labor in the United States. repair of paths, trails, and fire lanes in the national parks and Mr. GREEN. Decidedly so; not only because of the wage itself national forests: Provided further, That the President is herein but because of the depressing effect upon the wage standards authorized to enter into agreements with any of the States for established by labor in private industry. the carrying on of .work on State forests similar to that authorized M. J. McDonough, president building trades department, Ameri in thiS bill and may -Utilize the serviCeS Of these WOrkerS for SUCh I can Federation of Labor, who appeared before the joint committee work without cost to those States. hearings, submitted the following letter as the position of his " SEC. 4. That whenever in 'the administration of this act it organization on the bill as reported by the committee: becomes necessary to secure the services of skilled artisans or Bun.DING TRADES DEPARTMENT, other expert employees, whether or not available among such AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABoR, workers, the President may authori.ze their employment at wages ·March 27, 1933. paid for similar work in the classified service of the United States. Hon. WILLIAM P. CoNNERY, Jr., "SEc. 5. That to carry out the provisions of this act there is Chairman House Labor Committee, hereby authorized to be expended under the direction of the Room 127, House Office Building, Washington, D.C. President, out of any unobligated moneys in the Treasury, such DEAR Sm: A copy of Senate bill 598, as amended, has just come sums as may be necessary and available. to my notice. Representing 16 national and international unions " SEC. 6. That in the execution of this act the President, or the engaged in the building industry, I most emphaticslly desire to head of any department authorized by him to construct any protest the passage of this measure, as same if approved by Con project or to carry on any work, shall have the right to acquire gress will very seriously affect the building trades workmen of real property by purchase, condemnation, or otherwise. the United States. "SEc. 7. The provisions of the Economy Act of 1933 shall not The bill from the viewpoint of the building trades workers apply to any person employed under this act ·during such employ authorizes the President or the head of any department or agency ment. authorized by him to construct any project or to carry on any . "SEc. 8. This act shall take effect the day after its enactment.'' public works, which, in my opinion, would permit of the building These minority views were finished too late for presentation to of Federal buildings, tunnels, brtdges, at any wage designated by those members of the committee who voted for the adoption in the President or his authorized agent. Its passage would kill the the committee of th'e so-called Connery amendment. effectiveness of the Bacon-Davis prevailing rate of wage law. Fur WILLIAM P. CoNNERY, Jr. ther, the money to be used for the conservation corps is to be diverted from money already appropriated for building con Mr. BYRNS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that struction. the bill H.R. 3905 be made the special order for next The introduction of Senate blll 598 has already been the means Wednesday. of adding to the present aggravated unemployment condition in The SPEAKER. Is there objection? the building industry, as by administrative or~er · no contracts for Federal construction have been awarded since March 4. Mr. SNELL. Do I understand by that that it will be con I cannot see a redeeming feature in the amended bill and sidered under the rules of the House, under general debate, am very strongly opposed to its passage. and that it will be read under the 5-minute rule? Trusting that you will continue to use your best efforts ln opposition to this bill, and appreciating on behalf of the building Mr. BYRNS. I suppose we can agree upon the time for trades workers the interest displayed by you, I am, with best debate on Wednesday. wishes, Mr. SNELL. We ask for a reasonable time for debate, Very truly yours, (Signed) M. J . McDoNOUGH, that is all. President Building Trades Department. Mr. BYRNS. I would like to dispose of the bill on that Representatives of the railroad ·brotherhoods called at my om.ce day if possible. Monday afternoon and notified me of their opposition to the bill Mr. SNELL. Oh, I suppose that that can be done. as reported. They stated they believed the bill as reported per Mr. BYRNS. And in that same connection I ask unani mitted, and would be so construed, to carry out the plans as formulated when the original bill, to which they objected, was mous consent that business in order on Wednesday be dis... presented. pensed with. · The Connery amendment provides: The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Tennessee asks No regimentation of labor. unanimous consent that the business in order -on calendar · A voluntary enrollment of periods of 60 days. Actual pay of $80 per month for married men or men with Wednesday of this week be dispensed with. Is there ob dependents, and $50 per month for single men, ·with subsistence. jection? The work to be confined to reforestation. '1.1lere was no objection. All public works authorized for which money has been ap . Mr. BYRNS. -Mr. Speaker, I now repeat my request that propriated to be continued. The bill, as amended by the Connery amendment, would read this bill be made the special order for Wednesday. as follows: The SPEAKER. Is there objection? Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert in lieu thereof . Mr. RAGON. Mr. Speaker, I reserve the right to object. the following: Will that permit general debate? "That the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, Mr. BYRNS. Yes; there will be general debate and also authorized to provide. employment for those unemployed citizens of the United States who voluntarily enroll for the purposes 'of consideration of the bill under the 5-minute rule in the this act as nearly as possible in proportion to the unemployment Committee of the Whole. existing in the several States. Such workers shall be enrolled for Mr. RAGON. A number of us here. would like to go down periods of 60 days, unless sooner discharged. Such workers shall be paid at a rate of not less than $50 per month for single men the line with the President on this wage proposition. What without dependents and at the rate of not less than $80 per opportunity will there be given to those of us to put it in month for married men or men with dependents and provided this bill just a8 he suggested? with quarters, subsistence, clothing, medical attendance, and hos Mr. BYRNS. I do not know. I am not speaking by pitalization, and transportation from and to their homes. An allotment of not less than $50 per month of his pay shall be authority, but I have had information that the President is paid directly to the wife of a married man and such amount as willing to accept the Senate bill or the substitute offered by the President may request shall be allotted from the pay of men the Senator from Massachusetts, Mr. WALSH. I propose to who have dependents under such rules and regulations as the . President may prescribe. Each worker shall, at the time of en ascertain definitely about that by the time the bill comes rollment, agree to abide by the provisions of this act and by all up so that I can state about the matter positively. · rules and regulations issued by the President of the United States Mr. RAGON. There would be nothini in the procedure hereunder, which shall not include any obligation to bear arms. suggested here that would prevent an amendment? " SEc. 2. The provisions of chapter 15, title 5, United States Code, are hereby extended to such workers. - In case of the injury ~.BYRNS. Nothing at all. or death of such workers while employed, the United States Em- Mr. RAGON. To make it a dollar a day? 1933 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 881 Mr. BYRNS. None at all. It Will be open 'to every ger The News decided to volt,mteer its services to permit the people of New York State to provide a swimming pool. The first story mane amendment. was published in the issue of Tuesday, March 14, 1933, the News Mr. McCLINTIC. Mr. Speaker, has the gentleman any starting the fund with a contribution of $1,000 and announcing: in:Zormation as to the amount of pay suggested in the Walsh "Our President must have his swimming pool. Because of the natural facilities which a newspaper has for handling such things bill? expedit iously and with a minimum of overhead, the News this · Mr. BYRNS. There is no pay . . It leaves the matter in morning undertakes to act as a medium for the citizens of New the discretion of the President. York State to express their affection for their President." The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the It started, as you thus see, as a home-State movement. The first day's contributions, published in the News of Wednesday, gentleman from Tennessee that the bill referred to, H.R. March 15, totaled $305.43 exclusive of the News check. 3905, be made the special order for Wednesday? The response continued and gained a vol1rme unprecedented in There was no objection. the history of such movements, so far as this newspaper's experi ence goes. SWIMMING TANK FOR WHITE HOUSE One by one other newspapers joined the drive until at its con Mr. BYRNS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent for clusion 43 were participating. They were: Up-State New York: Amsterdam Recorder, Auburn Citizen-Ad the present consideration of Joint Resolution 121, which I vert iser, Batavia News, Beacon News, Black River Democrat, Buffalo send to the desk and ask to have read. Courier-Express, Canandaigua Messenger, Catskill Mail, Glovers The Clerk read as follows: ville Herald, Gloversville Leader-Republican, Glens Falls Times, Harlem Valley Times, Hudson Register. Jamestown Journal, Kings House Joint Resolution 121 ton Leader, Lockport Union-Sun and Journal, Marion Enterprise, To provide for the acceptance of sums donated for the construction Millarton Telegram, Monticello Bulletin, Newark Union-Gazette, of a swimming-exercise tank for the use of the President Newburgh News, Olean Times-Herald, Oneonta Star, Oswego Palla Resolved, etc., That the Director of Public Buildings and Public dium-Times, Plattsburg Republican, Poughkeepsie Star, Rochester Parks of the National Capital is authorized, on behalf of the United Democrat and Chronicle, Rochester Times-Union, Rome Sentinel, States, to accept the fund raised by donations or contributions to Saratoga Spings Saratogian, Syracuse Post-Standard, Troy Record, cover the cost of constructing, in the west terrace of the White and Ulster County News. House, a swlmming-exercise tank for the use of the President. Metropolitan zone: Carriere d'America, Far Rockaway Journal, SEc. 2. The amount so received shall be disbursed by the Director Rockaway Beach Wave, II Progresso, Staten Island Transcript, and for the construction and equipment of such swimming-exercise Yonkers Record. tank and shall be expended in the same manner as appropriations Other States: Chicago Times, Omaha World-Herald, Philadelphia for the maintenance and care of the White House. The amount Bollettino Della Sera, and Philadelphia L'Opinione. of the fund in excess of the amount required for the construction You will note that while the drive started as a home-State prop and equipment of the swimming-exercise tank shall be returned osition, it rapidly assumed a national aspect, with Middle West to the donors. · · · papers cooperating and the News itself receiving contributions from SEC. 3. For the purposes of this resolution the Director is author as far away as California. ized to request the cooperation and assistance of the architectural, The fund now totals in cash $13,216.93, and the grand over-all engineering, construction, or other forces of any department or total, which includes services and equipment, $22,656.90. agency of the Government. You have asked me to state the number of contributions. It would be a physical impossibility in this short time to do that. The SPEAKER. Is there objection? Reports of the cooperating newspapers are still in the mails, and Mr. SNELL. Mr. Speaker, I reserve the right to object. the News contributions themselves have not been completely segre I suppose it is necessary to have this resolution? gated anq tabulated. The figures will be available the latter part of this week. They will not, however, give the full number of . Mr. BYRNS. Yes. Some time ago a movement was contributors. I mean to say there were so many thousands of per started without the knowledge and sanction of th~ President sons represented in the contributions, particularly those under $1. for the purpose of collecting a fund to provide for a Frequently, for example, a whole family would send in $1 with swimming-exercise tank at the White House. The idea origi out saymg how many members were included. Or a class of school children would chip in their pennies for a 25- or 50-cent total. nated with Mr. J. M. Patterson, president of the News I recall the case of 22 infantile-paralysis victims, whose ages ranged Syndicate Co., Inc., publishers of the News, in New York City. from 6 to 12, inmates of the Evelyn Goldsmith Home for Crippled A number of newspapers have cooperated in raising the Children at Far Rockaway, Long Island. They raised $1.15. We also had scores of instances of two children sending in a 1-cent fund. I am advised by Mr. Early, one of the secretaries of stamp, each child asking"'l'or a credit of a half cent. the President, that it is expected that not exceeding $15,000, You ask me to analyze the type of contributors. They were, and possibly not over $13,000, will be needed for the con generally speaking, what we commonly call average folks. The ~truction of the tank. It is to be constructed in the west children led the way and I should say that closely following them was the man in the street-the forgotten man, if you'd care to terrace of the White House, so as not to in anyway mar the put it that way. However, there was a generous response from the architectural features of the building or the grounds. It upper stratum-especially in the latter days of the drive--checks will be of very simple design. Any sum that has been of $25, $50, and $100 being not uncommon. In fact, one hotel owner in New York City wrote his check for $1,000. donated in excess of the amount used will be returned in You will perhaps be interested to know that Gov. Herbert H. some way to the donors. Lehman has contributed $50, along with a letter commending the In this connection I ask unanimous consent to include as purpose of the drive. The names of all contributors have been published by the News, a part of my remarks a copy of a telegram addressed to the and it is preparing to photostat them, bind them in parchment, Honorable Stephen T. Early at the White House by Mr. and forward them to the President. Fred Pasley, a newspaperman in New York, connected with Price Waterhouse & Co., certified accountants, are now auditing the News, in which he lists the newspapers which have taken the contributions, and the News will report their findings as soon as completed. part in the collection of this fund, and explains the sub FRED PASLEY. scriptions which have been made as a tribute to the Presi dent. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the present consid The SPEAKER. Is there objection? eration of the resolution? There was no objection. There was no objection. · Mr. SNELL. What has become of the $50,000 which the The SPEAKER. The question is· on the engrossment and House appropriated? third reading of the resolution. · Mr. BYRNS. . That was in the independent offices bill The resolution was ordered to be engrossed and read a which was vetoed. third time, was read. the third time, and passed, and a The telegram referred to is as follows: motion to reconsider laid on the table. REORGANIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL CREDIT AGENCIES (H.DOC. NO.7) NEW YoRK, N.Y., March 26, 1933. Mr. STEPHEN T. EARLY' The SPEAKER laid before the House the following The White House: message from the President of the United States, which was . Complying with your long-distance telephone request, I herewith send memorandum covering the inception and development of the read, and, together with the accompanying papers, referred Roosevelt sw1m.m1ng-pool-fund movement. to the Comm~ttee on Agriculture and ordered printed: The idea originated with J. M. Patterson, president of the News Syndicate Co., Inc., publishers of the News, as a result of the pub To the Senate and House of Representatives: licity attending the fact that the President was without facilities for the one form of exercise he loves ·and which is necessary to Pursuant to the provisions of section 1, title III, of the act the maintenance of his health and strength. entitled "An act to maintain the credit of the United States LXXVII--56 882 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARC!! 27 Government," approved March 20, 1933, I am transmitting ate usually puts it in,_especially when they are asked to do it. herewith an Executive order reorganizing the agricultural That puts the House Member in a rather embarrassing posi credit agencies of the United States. tion when he is asked to incorporate something that is This Executive order consolidates in one agency-the probably relevant to the proceedings here. It seems to me Farm Credit Administration-the functions of all present if we could come to an agreement with the Senate it would Federal organizations which deal primarily with agricul be a very wise thing, because I agree heartily with the gen tural credit, namely, the Federal Farm Board, the Federal tleman from New York that the REcoru> ought to be made Farm Loan Board, the functions of the Secretary of Agricul up so as to show the actual proceedings of Congress with ture with regard to loans in aid of agriculture, and those of out encumbering it with a lot of outside material. . the Reconstruction Finance Corporation pertaining to the Mr. SNELL. I raised that question at this time with the management of regional agricultural credit corporations. hope that perhaps we might reach some agreement. If The functions of the Federal Farm Board with regard to everything is going in on the other side, let J1S let every further stabilization operations are abolished by the order. thing go in here. If a man wants to have a . book printed A better coordination of the agencies involved in our agri in the RECORD, let him get it in, or else have an agreement cultural credit system will produce a more uniform program and make both Houses live up to it. for agricultural credits and will result in substantial econo-: Mr. BYRNS. I shall be very glad to join the gentleman mies. A saving of more than $2,000,000 is the immediate and confer with the majority and minor~ty leaders in the effect of this order. Further substantial savings are antici- Senate and see if we cannot reach some agreement, because ~~ - I think it is highly important. . Important as are the foregoing, of greater and controlling Mr. HOWARD. Will the-gentleman yield? importance is the maintenance of the long -standing policy Mr. BYRNS. I yield. of the Federal Government to maintain ·and strengthen a Mr. HOWARD. Will that conference be held this year sound and permanent system of cooperative agricultural or next? [Laughter.] . credit, subject to Federal supervision and operated on the Mr. BYRNS. I think the gentleman can be assured it basis of providing the maximum of security to present and will be held very promptlY. prospective investors in bonds and debentures resting on PERKISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE farm mortgages or other agricultural securities--all for the Mr. BROWN of Kentucky. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous purpose of meeting the credit needs of agriculture at mini consent to address the House for 10 minutes. mum cost. - The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT. gentleman from Kentucky? THE WHITE HOUSE, March 27, 1933. There was no objection. - Mr. BROWN of Kentucky. Mr. Speaker, in view of the EXTENSION OF REMARKS IN THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD statement just made by the minority leader that many of Mr. SNELL. Mr. Speaker, a parliamentary inquiry. the ·new Members have used the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD The SPEAKER. The gentleman will state it. . for the purpose of -putting in material which has nothing to Mr. SNELL. Mr. Speaker, the two former Speakers of the do with the questions under debate, I want to take this oc House, Mr. Garner and Mr. Longworth, each rUled that casion to call -attention to an extension of remarks put into when a Member-asked unanimous consent to extend his re this RECORD on the last day we were in session by one of the marks in the RECORD, it applied to his own remarks, and gentlemen from my native State, with· essentially no pur that is all he was supposed to put in, without special refer pose other than to promote his own-future in that State. ence to outside matters. I notice that some of .the new I know it is distasteful to have family fusses and family Members have not followed that rule strictly, probably for quarrels, but I am going to take a stand in the future on no other reason than that they did ot understand it. I these matters, and I want you to know why I am objecting would like to know if that will be the position of the present when this gentleman seeks to ask unanimous consent to Speaker during the present Congress? extend his remarks in the REcoRD. The SPEAKER. Yes. The Speaker intends to follow On page 838 of the RECORD you will find a quarter of a those precedents. page devoted by the gentleman from Kentucky [Mr. VIN Mr. SNELL. I think it would be well for the Speaker to soN] to a personal attack on me. Now, Mr. Speaker, I read make a definite announcement so that the new Members will the rules which are supposed to govern us, and I would be understand their rights. glad to abide by them, but I want you to know that it is not The SPEAKER. The Chair will make the announcement alone the new Members who are refusing to abide by the now. Under permission to extend remarks a Member obtains rules. In Jefferson's Manual, the rules by -which we are permission to extend his own remarks only, unless he receives supposed to be guided, on page 14 7 there is a rule that no specific permission from the House to include in his remarks Member, in speaking, is to mention another Member in the documents that he desires to incorporate. debate. It goes on to say " nor are they to digress from Mr. SNELL. Mr. Speaker, I would like to make another the matter to fall upon the person:' and in this quarter of a inquiry. Just what is going to be the policy of the majority page in explanation of his vote the gentleman from Ken in regard to the RECORD during this session? Are we going tucky devotes that quarter of a page to saying that there to let everyone put in everything he wants to or are we must have been disloyalty in my mind, or there is innuendo going to try to hold it down? There is this thing that to that effect-that in a caucus I voted a certain way. always comes back to bother us: Sometimes objection is Now I take it the general rule is that matters considered made to including an editorial or some outside matter, and in caucus are not to be aired before this body, and I am not then the individual Member will go to another body and going into this except to say that my stand in that caucus have that put in. I want to be as fair to the Members of was what I considered to be for the program of the Presi the House as they are in another body, but personally I have dent of the United States, and none other. I may say also always taken the position that the RECORD was very largely that this speech was already in Kentucky when it was made and almost entirely for the business of this House, and as on the floor of the House. It was down there in the Rich few extraneous matters as possible ought to be included in it. mond Register, a newspaper peculiarly favorable to him. The SPEAKER. The Chair cannot control that. The It was printed on Friday when the same speech was de Chair suggests that the majority leader and the minority livered here. Before the session is over it will be in the leader agree on a policy in the matter the gentleman has hands of all the voters in his district, and unless I mistake discussed. my guess it will be in the hands of all the voters in the Mr. BYRNS. I may say there is one difficulty with the State if his political aspirations are to receive the con matter referred to by the gentleman from New York. I sideration he wishes them to receive. know it is true, because I have done it myself. If the House I called UP the office of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD to find objects to the inclusion of something in the RECORD, the Sen- out how much it costs to print a page of the REcoRD. I 1933 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 883 found it costs $45 a page. This gentleman has spent $225 [Laughter and applause.] Every time I am successful in of the taxpayers' money to explain a vote of his, so that in stopping an extension of his remarks it will save the tax the future he can get votes by virtue of this explanation of payers $30,000 in letters franked through the mails to voters this vote. in Kentucky explaining' why he did or did not do some This is not all. If he sends this speech to every voter in thing. his district it will cost $3,240.78. Personally, I pledge you that I shall not extend a solitary This is not all; if he sends· this speech to every voter in remark as long as I stay in this House, no ·~ one [applause], Kentucky it will cost $29,166.99. It will cost this much to because I know· that my friends do not want an explana send this speech to forward his own purpose in the future tion and my enemies will not believe one. [Laughter.] I am amongst the voters of the State of Kentucky and at the going to save the taxpayers this money on his speeches if expense of the taxpayers. it is necessary for him to secure unanimous consent, as is This is not all. The President of the United States has apparent from the request he made on last Thursday. appointed a Kentuckian to the foremost place amongst all No more speeches will be written into this RECORD, mailed his foreign ambassadors-Judge Robert Worth Bingham. out to the voters of Kentucky by this particular gentleman; The gentleman from Kentucky devotes practically 2 pages and, frankly, I apologize for airing a family matter, but this of these extended remarks in the RECORD to an attack on gentleman from Kentucky started it by wri-ting here in these Judge Bingham on the ground that he is not a Democrat, extended remarks what he -knew he had no right to say on that he is an independent, that his papers are unfair to the :floor of this House, and I take this occasion to notify him personally, and have always been; and the very day you as to why in the future I am going to be one voice that. he was making that attack Judge Bingham, upon the front objects whenever he asks to extend his remarks in the page of his paper, was carrying an article," VINSON Seeking RECORD. [Laughter.] Amendment to Aid Burley in Farm Measure." What more Mr. VINSON of Kentucky. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous propitious place could he have found to put this speech consent to address the House for 10 minutes. favorable to this gentleman. . Yet he criticizes the appoint The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the ment made by the President of the United States. I do not gentleman from Kentucky? want this sort of talk to go uncontradicted when it is at There was no objection. the hands of a Kentuckian. Mr. VINSON of Kentucky. Mr. Speaker, I offer no apol The people of Kentucky are grateful in their hearts that ogy for the contents of my remarks to which Mr. BROWN the President has honored our State by appointing as his of Kentucky refers, but I want to apologize to you for the chief ambassador to handle great problems of foreign affairs lack of understanding of the new Member from Kentucky a native Kentuckian, Judge Bingham. . [laughter and applause] when he tells you and the country I want to tell you something more in these last 2 min it will cost the taxpayers of this Nation $29,000 to send this utes, if I have that much time left. The gentleman from speech of mine to my district in Kentucky. You all know Kentucky said Judge Bingham is not a Democrat. Well, that if any speeches are sent out by me I will have to pay I may say to you that Judge Bingham supported Woodrow the entire cost of printing. He displays the same kind of Wilson; and I may say to you he supported AI Smith; and misunderstanding that he has shown throughout his whole I may say to you he turned his two newspapers over to political experience. !Laughter;] Franklin D. Roosevelt. He is not a partisan Democrat; no. Three times, I believe, in my 7 years here have I ex He has been partisan in this way: he has been partisan in tended my remarks in the RECORD. In this instance, as the the interest of good government in Kentucky. He has been RECORD will show, it went in under motion to strike out the as partisan in this as has the gentleman who has attacked last word in consideration of the District beer bill. him been partisan in forwarding his own interests in a Upon this floor on March 11 the gentleman from Ken political way. He has been all partisan. The people of Ken tucky [Mr. BROWN] took the position that any gentleman on tucky are grateful to the President for giving to Kentucky this floor who opposed H.R. 2820, the pension-reform bill, this appointment to the chief place amongst the ambassa was disloyal to the President of the United States. Within dors to a man, Judge Bingham, who was attacked on this an hour prior to such statement this man from Kentucky, floor, a place where he could not come to defend himself. this man who talked about loyalty, had stood here on this I may say to the gentleman from Kentucky that I shall floor, when the Browning amendment was adopted by Demo not yield to him, because he made his speech the other day. crats in caucus assembled, and had voted to bind the Demo Mr. VINSON of Kentucky. I am not asking the gentle cratic Party to pass the bill with the Browning amendment man to yield to me. cutting soldiers 25 percent. Mr. BROWN of Kentucky. The gentleman from Ken Mr. BROWN of Kentucky. Mr. Speaker, I object tore tucky knows, or should have known, that the proceedings ferring to anything that happened in that caucus. of the Democratic caucus are not subjects for discussion on Mr. VINSON of Kentucky. I am within the rules, Mr. the floor of the House. Speaker. I have told the g-entleman what his action cost the tax Within the hour before his speech he had voted as I payers of the country when he attacked this man, who has wanted to vote on the :floor of this House. In caucus I heard been active in working for the President in Kentucky. He his name called when they wanted to bind the party to has kept bond issues off the State of Kentucky. He has pass that bill with the Browning amendment that would filed suits to test out legislative actions creating bond issues, have cut 25 percent off veterans' compensation. I heard until today Kentucky is one of only two States in the Union him vote " aye." which have no bond issues. The gentleman from Kentucky My charge in my speech against him was not that he was attacks the man who has kept bond issues off our State. disloyal-his head is so thick, his brains work so slowly, that The last was a refunding bond issue. He went into court he cannot understand the English language. [Laughter.] and fought it. He fought and defeated the bond issue of I conceded his loyalty and good faith in his first vote. the Field administration and he has defeated other bond The printed word, my speech, says that when he and my issues, until today Kentucky has no bonded indebtedness by other colleagues from Kentucky voted to bind the Demo virtue of his endeavors and activities in politics. cratic Party with the Browning amendment " there was no Now, I may say to the gentleman from Kentucky that thought of disloyalty in their minds and there was no whenever the gentleman from Kentucky has this floor and thought of disloyalty in my mind." This is the charge. I seeks unanimous consent to extend his remarks in the said he changed his mind, and he did. RECORD I shall object until I know what the remarks are He says to you Members of this House that I would take about; and I wish the membership of the House to know that the liberty to discuss what occurred in a caucus. When in the interest of the taxpayers the gentleman from disloyalty is charged I take such liberty. Let me tell you, Kentucky will make no more extensions in the RECORD until gentlemen, loyalty is part of my religion. [Applause.] JoHN I personally have read them unless the House overrules me. YoUNG BROWN's political life shows that he cannot spell 884 CONGRESSIONAL RECOR-D-HOUSE MARCH -27 loyalty. Loyalty is part of my religion, and I resented the There are many things that the gentleman from Kentucky charge of disloyalty to my President, because no man in has to learn. · I tried to tell hitn the other day during the this House will stand by him longer or suffer mare for him consideration of the beer bill for the District how to offer than will I. [Applause.] Wait until the storm clouds hover an amendment, and even though the proposition had been low, wait until support of President may not be so popular, debated 45 minutes· in his presence, he sat there and let the and then see the young gentleman from Kentucky take time pass and was unable even to offer his amendni.ent to cover, as he always does. the bill. It was ·a great amendment--.:.one ·that would per I said in the statement referred to by him that every mit AI Capone to sell beer. I am glad that the gentleman· Member of the Kentucky delegation voted to bind that has a manual, and after he· reads it he will have learned that caucus with the Browning ·amendment, including JoHN it is not contrary to the rules of the House to refer to untrue YOUNG BROWN himself, and then Mr. BROWN changed his statements a gentleman may make. This is a forum in mind, as he always does, and when the vote came in the which Members may protect themselves from untrue charges House I was in identical.J.y the same position there as I was either on floor or in the press. The young gentleman may when I voted in the caucus. I wanted the Browning amend learn that disloyalty cannot be charged here or in the press ment. I have no quarrel with any gentleman who differs without the right to answer it. [Applause.] with me. · . Mr . .SffiOVICH. Mr. Speaker; I ask unanimous consent Oh, he refers to Mr. Bingham. I did not say anything to address the House for ·to minutes. · in this statement with reference to his appointment to the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request· of the Court of St. James. I told you the truth when I said that gentleman from New York? Robert Worth Bingham, after he had purchased the Courier There was no objection. Journal and Times, had never supported a Democratic Gov Mr. SffiOVICH. Mr. Speaker, ladies and gentlemen of the ernor in Kentucky, either before the election or subsequent House, the distinguished member-- of the· Ways and Means thereto. I say he is no respecter of persons. He has cruci Committee who preceded me-on the floor of the House, my fied JOHN YOUNG BROWN again and again, and Mr. BROWN dear friend and colieague, FRED VINsoN.-of Kentucky, spoke crawls on his hands and knees to him today. upon the subject of ·loyalty to political ideals. Utilizing that I did not say anything about his appointment to the Court theme as my criterion, may I impose upon the membership of of St. James. I said that when Robert Worth Bingham, this House by speaking upon the subject of loyalty to one's in his powerful papers, said that my vote was one of disloy faith. Faith is a divinely wrought, loving, and hearty reli alty to our President he wrote a malicious, willful, damnable ance upon: God and His promise of salvation. Faith is the lie, and I repeat the charge today. [Applause.] intuitive spark that lights up our intellectual process to I said further that not a word of criticism had come from accept a religion as true on othe·r grounds than personal Robert Worth Bingham or his papers with reference to the observation· and experience. Mr. Speaker, where reason Senators-Republicans and Democrats alike-who voted ends faith begins, and religion becomes our ideal and gospel. against this same bill in the Senate, even though 44 liberal The word religion comes from the Latin word "religio ", izing amendments had been added to it. I suggested that which means " to bind." Religion is therefore a binding the reason this criticism had not been forthcoming, possibly, belief fu the spiritual nature of man to a supernatural being. was because his name was being considered by the same Mr. Speaker, my purpose in. taking the floor of the House Senators of the United States for appointment to the this afternoon is to boldly, fearlessly, and courageously pro ambassadorship at the Court of St. James. test against the foul, iniquitous, and brutal treatment of the Mr. MAY. Will the gentleman yield? nationals of Jewish extractio·n in· Germany by the cowardly, Mr. VINSON of Kentucky. I yield to the gentleman. sadistic, paranoiac madman of modern Germany, Adolf Mr. MAY. Lest there may be some misunderstanding on Hitler. His chancellorship of Germany is an insult to the the part of the public that reads the REcoRD here, a few great men who have graced that position in the past. His cfuys ago I myself spoke rather freely about Robert Worth official robes have been bathed in the innocent blood of Bingham and I have no apology for what I said, and take Jewish people. History will record his name and fame with back nothing that I said, but still adhere to ·it 100 percent. such tyrants and assassins as Torquemada, Nero, and Since the reference of my friend and distinguished colleague Robespierre. Secondly, I desire to proclaim my loyalty and from Kentucky [Mr. BnowNl included something about devotion to the Jewish religion and the faith that I have in Judge Bingham's paper defeating a bond issue in Kentucky, its traditions and ideals. may I ask the gentleman if it is not a fact that the bond Mr. Speaker, Judaism has given to the world and human issue that the Courier-Journal and the Louisville Times ity three great ideals: First, the belief in one ever-living defeated by their activities was sponsored by a Democratic God; second, the inspiration of the Holy Bible; and third, State administration in Kentucky and that it was intended the philosophy of the immortality of the soul. Each re to build roads for the State and put it on the map· indus ligious denomination, however, has different ceremonies con trially? nected with the worship of God. Most of the peoples of the Mr. VINSON of Kentucky. I do not know of a single world believe in the inspiration of the Holy Bible, and par major issue that has been considered in Kentucky by Demo ticularly the Decalogue, or Ten Commandments contained cratic governors that Mr. Bingham has not seen fit to oppose. therein, which is the foundation· upon which the superstruc Mr. MARTIN of Oregon. Mr. Speaker, I submit a point of ture of all government is reared. order. Why should the troubles of Kentucky be aired on The philosophy of the immortality of the soul is the only this floor? There are 48 States of the Union. medium that binds the memories of those that live today Mr. VINSON of Kentucky. Mr. Speaker, I submit to the with the love, respect, and admiration of those who have gentleman from Oregon, who as an old veteran has fought made the last pilgrimage to the Great Beyond. for his :flag, that nothing could strike you deeper or nothing These three concepts-the belief in a living God, the in could wound you more severely than a charge of disloyalty spiration of the Holy Bible, and the immortality of the to the President of the United States at this time. [Ap soul-have made life worth living for millions of men and plause.] I am defending an attack today. It is a continua women throughout the civilized world. tion of a former attack. What has been the reward of the Jewish people for their Mr. MARTIN of Oregon. Why cannot you settle it in great and tremendous contribution to the cultural civiliza your o~ State? tion and ideals of our world? For 30 centuries these cove Mr. VINSON of Kentucky. According to the gentleman nanted people of the land of Israel have been persecuted from Kentucky [Mr. BROWN], when the explanations are and have been proscribed. Their homes have been pillaged sent back there the settlement will be properly made. That and plundered. Their properties have been confiscated. is possibly the thing that induced him to make the utter They have been crucified and burned at the stake. From ances and take the attitude he has on the floor of the every land and every clime they have been hunted like the House. beasts of the wilderness. As wanderers fieeing from such 1933 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-_ HOUSE 885 cruelty and inhumanity they have only looked and sought faith that has been the mother of Christianity, which for a haven of rest and contentment to live peacefully with preaches and proclaims the gospel of " Love thy neighbor the world. They have been the savage victims of racial as thyself." [Applause.) hatred, bigotry, intolerance, and prejudice. They have fled Mr. Speaker, ladies and gentlemen of the House, in pano from pogroms, massacres, and inquisitions, and have sur~ ramic fashion before your eyes I have permitted history to vived them all. come and march before you. Actions speak louder than While all these kings, emperors, monarchies, and other words. The past rises before us and we now behold, through tyrants of ancient, medieval, and modern times who have the telescope of time, that every nation that ever attempted attempted to destroy the Jewish race have been forgotten in to pillage, to plunder, to persecute, and to proscribe the the ashes of time, Judaism will live and must continue t.o Jewish race has eventually become disintegrated and de thrive, prosper, and flourish, because it has been the great stroyed its own usefulness and its very ·existence. chosen exponent and consistent and courageous advocate of For centuries throughout the civilized world the Jewish God's ideals upon the face of this woi-ld. [Applause.] people wherever they have been found have been patriotic When the Assyrian king, 800 years before Christ was born, to their country, loyal to their institutions, and devoted to took a way the 10 tribes of Israel and lost them in the their ideals. They have contributed wherever they have kaleidoscope of time he thought he had destroyed the Jewish been found to every line of human endeavor to make the race. When Nebuchadrezzar, ~ng of Babylon, 200 years nation in which they lived great and glorious. In every later, ravaged the Kingdom of Judea and took away the part of Europe, particularly in Germany, in science, in art, two remaining tribes of Israel as prisoners he, too, thought in law, in medicine, in journalism, in philosophy, in litera that the Jewish race had been exterminated. When Alex ture, in statesmanship, in banking, and in every learned pro ander the Great, King of Macedonia, pupil of Aristotle, 300 fession the Jew has contributed his all to make the world years before Christ pillaged and plundered the Holy Land better for his having lived in it. and took along 100,000 prisoners to build the great city of Mr. Speaker, I challenge any man in this House, so far as Alexandria, named after him, he thought the Jewish people I am concerned, to name any group of citizens within the would remain prostrate, helpless, and hopeless. When confines of our Republic who, year in and year out, since Antiochus Epiphanes, a century before Christ was bor.!l, our institutions have been established, have been more loyal, desecrated the holy temple, ransacked Judea, pillaged and more patriotic, more sincere, and devoted to the institutions plundered the Holy Land, he, too, believed that .he had of our Nation than have been the Jewish citizens, whose only ruined the Jewish people. When the Roman Emperor, Titus, desire has been the privilege to serve the Republic which son of Vespasian, a few years after the death of Christ they love so dearly. [Applause.] destroyed the temple, took away a quarter million Jewish My purpose in addressing the Membership of this House prisoners, whom he marched under the triumphal arch of is to vigorously protest against that human monster, that Rome as slaves of the Empire, he, too, thought that the cowardly assassin of human life, Hitler; and second, to call Jews could no longer exist. your attention to the fact that I am just introducing a A hundred years later the Roman Emperor, Hadrian, led resolution calling upon the great, noble, human, loving, and the Roman legions against the great Jewish general, Bar enterprising people of Germany to stop the cruel and in Kochba, who was battling side by side with Rabbi Akkiba, human treatment by their autocrat, Hitler, of the Jewish one of the greatest Talmudical scholars, to preserve the nationals of Germany. ideals and traditions"'f Judaism. Hadrian and the Roman Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman· yield? army won. Bar Kochba was beheaded. Rabbi Akkiba had Mr. SffiOVICH. Yes. his flesh cut of! piecemeal, proclaiming with his dying gasp, Mr. PATMAN. I hope the gentleman will agree with me "There is but one God, and Jehovah is His name." Hadrian that the Secretary of State is handling that situation in a destroyed the temple, burned every home in the Holy Land, very satisfactory way. and left nothing but grass growing. He took half a million Mr. SffiOVICH. I have the highest admiration and re Jewish prisoners to Rome and scattered the remaining Jews spect for our distingui~hed friend and colleague, the present to all the parts of the world. From that time on to this day Secretary of State, Cordell Hull, a libenil and progressive the Jew has been a wanderer in the world; he has been gentleman of the highest character, who~e heart pulsates called the "wandering Jew." for every man and woman that is trying to live in con During the great crusades of the Middle Ages the spleen formity with the dictates of their conscience; but I would of religion was vent against the Jew for no reason but for be remiss in my loyalty to my faith and to the people I the accident of having been born a Jew. During the Spanish represent in the Fourteenth Congressional District if I did Inquisition that inhuman tyrant, Torquemada, conducted not rise in this historic forum and protest against this in the most vicious, inhuman, and brutal campaign against the famous treatment by Hitler and his associates of innocent Jewish people of Spain. They were burned on the flame, men and women who have committed no crime outside of their bodies broken upon the racks, their wealth confiscated. being born Jews. One third of the Jewish people of Spain were killed; another Mr. BLANTON. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? third fled to Holland, Germany, Poland, Turkey, and the Mr. SffiOVICH. Yes. northern part of Africa; while the third remaining became Mr. BLANTON. I feel just as the gentleman does, and converted to the Catholic faith. They were called marranos, am unalterably opposed to any and all kinds of persecutions. because outwardly they professed Christianity but in If there is persecution against any people because of their wardly remained true to the traditions and ideals of their race, it ought not to go unchallenged. forefathers. But is it not a matter that ought to be handled by our Mr. Speaker, ladies and gentlemen, in modern days we State Department? If we go to passing resolutions, unless have beheld and wept at the pogroms in Russia under the we direct them to our own Executive and his Department brutal, tyrannical Czars of Russia. We have seen the in of State, would we not be invading the Executive functions human conduct of Rumanian atrocities perpetrated against of the Government? We do not like to have the executive racial minorities of that kingdom. Now, in this the twentieth departments invade the legislative part of the Government. century of so-called "civilization" we behold in the great In this connection may I not call the attention of my friend Republic of Germany-that land of culture, art, science, to the fact that there is unreasonable, foolish, cruel perse and statesmanship, the home of Einstein, Ehrlich, Wasser cution of the Jews right here in the Nation's Capital? I mann, Max Reinhardt, Emil Ludwig, Fuchtwanger-the do not stand for that. I am against all persecutions. I tragic political degeneration to which this country has have some very close personal friends of lifetime standing fallen. Germany has projected into a position of power who are Jews. Why should we tolerate without protest the that tyrannical, autocratic, and cowardly assassin of human persecution of Jews here in Washington? beings, Adolf Hitler. Thousands of Jewish citizens have been There are very prominent apartment houses here in the maltreated for no reason but because they profess the Jewish Nation's Capital which refuse to permit Jews to rent apart- . 886 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 27 ments. There are apartment houses here where people can ment. A resolution that we might pass ought to be ad· buy homes therein as they buy a residence. If my dis dressed to our own Department,· to our own President, ask tinguished friend would go there and say, "I am a Jew", ing our President to take action through our State Depart they would say, "We can not sell to you." There is that ment. It ought not be addressed to any foreign govern ridiculous persecution, with which I have no sympathy what ments. ever, right here in the gentleman's Nation's Capital, but we Mr. SffiOVICH. That is what my resolution provides. ought to get that out of the way first before we go to for It is going direct to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. · eign countries. Has my distingUished friend from New Mr. BLANTON. I am one who appreciates all the York any precedents for his resolution? speeches -made by my distinguish~d friend, Dr. SmoVIcH, Mr. SIROVICH. To enlighten my dear and good friend, even his wet speeches, with which I do not agree. They are ToM BLANTON, I want to call his attention to the fact that always able and interesting. I think his speech this morn it has always been the policy of the United States of America ing is full of chronological history that is valuable to the in times past not only to protect nationals residing in their country, and I have tfeen listening to it with a great deal countries but also in the interests of humanity and under the of interest; but I am afraid he is going to take action that guardianship of that humanity which belongs to this great will not bring about much good, if he is addressing his reso Republic to protect the rights of racial minorities residing in lution to any but our own Government. different countries of the world. · To be specific to my friend, Mr. SIROVICH . . That is exactly what my resolution pro- Mr. BLANTON, let me call his attention to the fact that the vides. United States of America has repeatedly undertaken to Mr. DIES. Will the gentleman yield? affirm this guardianship of humanity in behalf of oppressed Mr. SIROVICH. I yield. racial minorities in many instances, amongst which that Mr. DIES. I noticed a dispatch from a Jewish associa come to my mind are the following: tion in Germany appealing to America not to interfere with First. Secretary Forsyth's course in 1840, under the direc the private affairs of the German people, and it would be a tion of President Van Buren, on behalf of the Damascus serious mistake if we undertook to interfere with the inter Jewish blood-accusation victims. nal affairs of that country. I want to ask the gentleman if Second. Minister Fay's successful efforts in Switzerland to he read that dispatch and if he believes it represents the remove anti-Jewish domestic statutory discriminations. views of the Jewish people there? Third. The action of Hon. Benjamin F. Peixotto, United Mr. SIROVICH. I did read the article. For the benefit States consul to Rmnania, about 1870, 6 decades ago, in his of my friend from Texas [Mr. DIES] I want to tell him that campaign against Rumanian Jewish persecutions, under the bayonets, persecution, and life itself inspired and prompted direct authority of President Grant, who used the following this answer. Everyone knows that Hitler and his associates words: have placed a censorship upon all news that comes from The United States, knowing no distinction of her own citizens Germany. Even letters that are sent from Germany, I am on account of religion or nativity, naturally believes 1n a civiliza told, are doctored and censored. Newspapers, periodicals_, tion the world over which will secure the same universal view. and magazines that are in opposition to Hitler's form of Fourth. The action of Hon. Charles Sumner, as chairman government have been suppressed. His opponents in politi of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, in protesting cal life have been thrown into prison, simply because they against Rumanian anti-Jewish atrocities. disagreed with his political fascism. Is that liberty? Is Fifth. Action of the powers on behalf of persecuted Jews that justice? Is that freedom? in the Balkans at the Congress of Berlin in 1878, at which Mr. DIES. Then the gentleman believes that that edi the United States of America was represented by its min torial did not speak for the Jewish people? ister to Austria, Hon. John A. Kasson, and its minister to Mr. SIROVICH. That is correct. It was fear that Germany, Hon. Bayard 'Taylor. prompted that answer. Time will vindicate my position. Sixth. The vigorous course adopted by President Cleve The SPEAKER. The -time of the gentleman from New land toward Austria in the now notorious Kelley case in 1885. York has again expired. Seventh. Secretary Hay's Rumanian note of 1902. Mr. AYERS of Montana. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous Eighth. The action of President Theodore Roosevelt in consent that the gentleman from New York have 5 addi connection with the Kishineff massacre petition in 1903. tional minutes to address the House. Ninth. The action of the United States of America in The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the 1911 in abrogating .the Russian Treaty of 1832 because of gentleman from Montana [Mr. AYERs]. discrimination against Jewish citizens, resulting in a reso There was no objection. lution to that effect by the House of Representatives. Mr. SIROVICH. Mr. Speaker, when I arose to address the - Tenth. 'The course of President Woodrow Wilson in con membership of this House I did not rise as a Jewish citizen. nection with representatives of the other great powers at I am rising here as an American citizen, a Member of Con the peace conference in 1919 when Russia contended that gress, appealing for juStice for racial and oppressed minori her anti-Jewish discriminations were not religious but ra ties. My sense of justice would compel me to appeal for cial, our Government replying that " the two questions are any class, creed, or color that would ever be humiliated or inseparable.'' punished in any part of the world. [Applause.] Two sets And, last but not least, when I arose upon the floor of of victims are involved in these Hitler persecution, one ~ the House in 1928 to pillory and excoriate Rumania for her comparatively small number of American citizens, the wives cruel treatment of racial minorities. Then I, too, intro and minor children of American citizens who for the moment duced a resolution to abrogate treaties with Rumania which happen to be residents that are located in Germany for brought immediate response from that Government through temporary purposes; and, second, Jewish residents of Ger its Prime Minister proclaiming to the world its intention many in general, amongst which are included its own na of never permitting in the future persecutions and oppres tionals who have for centuries inhabited different . parts of sion of racial minorities. Germany, and whose forebears have consecrated their lives The SPEAKER. The time of the gentleman from New upon the altar of patriotism and have given their last drop 'York [Mr. SIROVICH] has expired. of blood upon the altar to serve their fatherland. And· a Mr. BLANTON. Mr. Speaker, I -ask unanimous consent considerable number of others who have been living there that the gentleman be given 5 additional minutes. since the beginning of the Great War of 1914. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the Mr. Speaker, as to the first class, our own American citizens gentleman from Texas [Mr. BLANTON]? who are abroad, traveling through Germany for health, for There was no objection. commercial reasons, for cultural and artistic purposes, there Mr. BLANTON. I agree with my distinguished friend can be no doubt as to the right and duty of American in from New York. Civilized governments ought to protest tervention. It is the duty of the German Government, act against such action, but it ought to come from the Govern- ing through real German representatives, to grant adequate 1933 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 887 protection to all American citizens as well as other German and maritime nation. In modern language they would be residents, not only against governmental lawlessness but also called the Yankees of the East. Living near the forest of against those who would harangue the beastly element of Lebanon, they went into that great wilderness, hewed down men to destroy their fellowman on account of racial and the trees and converted them into ships. It was this com religious intolerance. Regarding those of the Jewish race mercial branch of the Jewish race that settled Greece, the who have lived in Germany since the finish of the allied northern part of Africa, called Carthage, Italy, and particu war, Germany, at the peace conference in 1919 held at Ver larly Venice, which was then called Venetia, pronounced al sailles, France, pledged herself, in writing, to the United most like Phoenicia. These Phoenicians carried the culture States of America and other powers for the protection of and civilization of their day wherever their commerce went. national minorities. This section states- As their ships plowed through the Mediterranean and That protection will be practically regulated within the frame through the Straits of Gibraltar, they went to England and of the League of Nations. However, on behalf of Germany there settled there. In the company of the primitive people of must be in the peace treaty definite assurances demanded for those England they went down into the very bowels of English soil German minorities which by cession will come under foreign sov ereignty. These minorities should be given the opportunity of to bring back the tin ore which was so rich in England. fostering their German characteristics, especially through granting They mixed this tin with copper and were the first bronze them the right to maintain and attend German schools and makers in the world. churches, as well as to publish German newspapers. Furthermore, It it would be desirable to create a cultural autonomy on the basis was these ancient Phoenicians, the most civilized and of national registers. Germany on her side is resolved to treat cultured people of their day, who called England " British ". minorities of foreign origin in her territory according to the same The word " British " comes from two Semitic words principles. "Brith ", which means "covenant", and "ish", which Thus, in exchange for the aforementioned pledge the means "son." Therefore, British was the term applied to United States of America and its Allies in the World War England by the Phoenician Jews, and down to the present imposed protective clauses of a similar nature on Poland and time means "covenanted son", which is symbolic of the other new States in reliance upon these German assurances, covenant that the patriarch, Abraham, made to God when saying officially that they- he offered his son Isaac upon the altar as faith in one true are prepared to accord guaranties under the protection of the living God. League of Nations for the educational, religious, and cultural rights So we see how the ancient Phoenicians developed men of the German minorities transferred from the German Empire to tally, physically, spiritually, and morally in spite of the the new States created by treaty. They take note of the state ment of the German delegates that Germany is determined to Assyrian persecution. treat foreign minorities within her territory according to the same Mr. MAY. Does not the gentleman feel that unjust per principles- secution of any nation is a real tonic to any generation of And all the signatory powers to the said peace treaty pro any race? mulgated at Versailles likewise pledged themselves to accord Mr. SffiOVICH. The gentleman saw what happened to guarantees for the educational, religious, cultural, racial, and Christianity when the Christians were persecuted by the linguistic minorities within their national confines. Ger Romans. many stands pledged to the United States of America and Mr. Speaker, I thank you for the privilege you have given other signatory powers to the aforesaid Versailles Treaty to me to protest against religious persecutions in Germany and carry out all the provisions for the protection of her reli to express my loyalty to my faith. [Applause.] gious, racial, and linguistic minorities, not only the protection Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? to life and property but a guaranty against any- Mr. SffiOVICH. I yield. law, regulation, or official action against her religious minorities Mr. PATMAN. Does the gentleman's resolution set out in enjoyment of civil or political rights. alleged facts? Mr. SffiOVICH. Yes. The gentleman knows that when By the said treaty- ever I speak I present facts only. All nationals shall be equal before the law and shall enjoy the Mr. PATMAN. I know the gentleman is very sincere same civil and political rights without distinction as to race, lan guage, or religion, and all nationals who belong to racial, religious, at heart, and I have the utmost confidence in him. He is or linguistic minorities shall enjoy the same treatment and security respected and admired by all the Members of this body. in law and in fact as the other nationals- Will the gentleman have documentary evidence or other Besides which- proof to substantiate his charges? full and complete protection of life and liberty is assured to all Mr. SffiOVICH. Anything I may present in this resolu inhabitants without distinction of birth, nationality, language, tion will be based upon facts and upon sentiments and race, or religion. · statements in which I think the world believes. Mr. M..-'\ Y. Will the gentleman yield? [Here the gavel fell.] Mr. SIROVICH. I yield. Mr. PATMAN. :Ml:. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent Mr. MAY. I am very much in sympathy with the remarks that the gentleman may proceed for 3 additional minutes. of the gentleman, and I just wanted to call attention to the _The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the fact that when the Jews were captured and taken into Baby gentleman from Texas? lonian captivity, after they were kept all those years in There was no objection. slavery, the first thing they did when they came back was to Mr. PATMAN. I am very much in sympathy with what start rebuilding the temple. the gentleman has said, but I feel that this matter should Mr. smoVICH. That is right. be referred to the State Department. I feel that it is now Mr. MAY. And when the Christians were persecuted by being handled in a very masterful and diplomatic way by Belgium more than 300 years ago and taken out on to the the Secretary of State, Mr. Hull. hills and lashed to the trees, and the torch was applied, Mr. SffiOVICH. While I have the greatest respect, ad and they were burned for their religious beliefs, every time miration, and consideration for my distinguished friend, the persecution of that kind has occurred they come out of it Secretary of State, Cordell Hull, and know he will do jus greater and stronger than ever. tice to our unfortunate brethren in Germany, still I think Does not the gentleman believe that out of the persecu the floor of the Congress of the United States is the proper tion that is taking place in Germany now, unjust as it is, place for a Member of Congress to voice and express his is going to come a stronger Jewish people? thoughts regarding any nation that oppresses racial minor Mr. SffiOVICH. In reply to my distinguished friend, ities. The cry of humanity wherever it may be found ap Judge MAY from Kentucky, let me remind him that when pealing for assistance should know that America, the land the Assyrian King destroyed the commonwealth of Israel, of liberty, freedom, and justice, is willing to listen and to many of these people fled to Phoenicia and settled in that help. country along the Mediterranean. Prior to the Christian May I say to the distinguished gentleman from Texas era the Phoenicians were the most aggressive commercial that for the past three years I have often listened to his 888 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 27 eloquence upon the floor of the House as he appealed to the under the administration of President William McKinley, people for justice for the veterans of our country; for the Hawaii was made an integral part of the United States, rights of those soldiers who went across the sea to make with the status of a Territory, this action being taken by a the world safe for democracy. May I say to the gentleman joint resolution of the House and Senate of the United that amongst those who went over to make the supreme States in the same manner as Texas became a Territory in sacrifice for our Republic were more than 300,000 Jewish the American sisterhood of States. boys, the flower and manhood of our land. Thousands gave The government of Hawaii was set up in 1900 by an up their lives that our Republic shall survive. · They have organic act, which provides for a governor who shall be the right to expect someone here on the floor of the Con.gresg appointed by the President of the United States and who of the United States to make an appeal that democracy may must be a resident of the islands. The lawmaking body live. They have the right to know that their blood that has consists of a Territorial legislature made up of 15 senators hallowed the fields of all Europe wherever our country has and 30 representatives, who are elected by popular vote, as sent them has not been spilled in vain. They have the right are the executive officers and meinbers of the boards of to know that in the sacred earth where their mortal remain..c:; supervisors of the various counties of the Territory. have been placed when they went over there to make the In 1930, according to the Federal census of that year, there world safe for democracy, that that democracy may protect were approximately 368,000 persons living in Hawaii, their brethren in Germany, whose only fault is that they although this figure has since been increased to slightly have been born as·Jews. more than 380,000, according to the 1932 report of the Gov Tonight throughout our Republic and throughout the civi ernor of Hawaii. There were 63,828 registered voters in lized world meetings are being held to protest against these the Territory at the time of the last election. In this con cowardly. and outrageous treatments of racial minorities in nection it might be of interest to quote briefly from the 1932 Germany. Let the ·world know that in the Congress of the report of the Secretary of the Interior: United States a humble Member has raised his voice to hope Hawaii • • • 1s free from organized graft and corruption; that liberty and freedom may still ring throughout the world. the courts there are well administered; and in Honolulu the pro portion of crimes of violence 1s distinctly .. lower than that in a [Applause.] majSan Francisco and with the Philippine Islands fiicts and race prejudices are often intense. In the islands they 4,800 miles further west, is apt to be disregarded as a mem are practically nonexistent. • • • The social question of race has never been raised. It does not exist. It is never raised except ber of the American commonwealth. The average resident by some outsider who brings his prejudices with him, or by some of the mainland is likely to have a vague and sketchy un- · continental newspaper which bases its interpretation of events in . derstanding of Hawaii, and his conclusions as to conditionS Hawaii on race prejudices that exist where it 1s published. there are apt to be based on scanty and imperfect informa The chief enterprises of the Territory are agricultural in tion received through. the medium of news flashes rather nature. Sugar ranks first, with a production in 1932 of than on detailed information based on an accurate study 1,025,354 short tons. The prevailing low price of sugar is of conditions. having a considerable and detrimental effect on the pros Hawaii is popularly, and I might say properly, pictured perity of the islands. The production of sugar in Hawaii is as a "land of enchanting scenic beauty, of active volcanoes, probably more costly than in any other sugar-producing re of warm sunshine, mellow moonlight, bedecked with a pro gion in the world. Health and sanitary conditions are main fusion of bright-hued blossoms which mingle their fragrance tained up to American standards, and a great deal of effort with the soft melodies of native music and the murmur of and money is spent in providing amusements and educa waves lapping the white coral beaches." tional programs for the plantation workers, whose standards But I would paint another picture, no less true than this, of living are in every way favorably comparable to those but painted, as it were, from a different point of view. I prevailing in our best mainland indm;trial centers. This is would tell you not about Hawaii's volcanoes, beaches, or its in strong contrast to living conditions of labor in foreign flowers, but about its industries, its modern cities with tele sugar-producing areas. Also, it J:!1aY be noted that only the phonic communication with the mainland and Europe, about intense application of scientific methods, including the use its finances, and how it pays its way as an integral part of of lArge amounts of fertilizer to compensate for the lack of the United States. natural soil ingredients needed by this crop, and the use of Hawaii is at once the Gibraltar of the Pacific, guarding elaborate irrigation systems, has enabled the sugar growers our western shore, and a laboratory in which for more than of Hawaii to produce a per-acre yield of sugar that ranks five decades has taken place a unique phase in the develop highest in the world. But notwithstanding this, the present ment of human relationships and international understand low price of sugar makes it almost impossible for Hawaii ing. It is in every respect a modern, enterprising American to get a new dollar for an old one out of its sugar business. community, engaged in agricultural, industrial, and com The growing and canning of pineapples ranks second in mercial activities in a typical American manner. the list . of Hawaii's industries. Here Nature, which has The islands first came under the official eye of the United left so much for man to supply in the cultivation of sugar States during the Spanish-American War, when the stra cane, has given Hawaii peculiarly ideal conditions, so that tegic military position of Hawaii was first recognized. approximately 80 percent of the canned pineapples of the Shortly prior to 1898 the then Republic of Hawaii, of its own world comes from this western outpost of the United States. volition, asked to be annexed to the United States as a The world depression has greatly reduced the demand for territory and itself prepared a treaty to this effect. In 1898, this luscious fruit, so that the 1931 pack of 12,750,000 cases 1933 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE · 889 was cut to slightly more than 5,000,000 in 1932, due to the for the balance of the afternoon is going to be. I have no unfavorable market conditions. desire to keep these gentlemen from talking. Among the other industries of Hawaii might be mentioned Mr. BYRNS. No other business is to come before the coffee, exports of which in 1931 amounted to more than House. It is proposed to adjourn over to Wednesday when 6,000,000 pounds, valued at more than $1,000,000. But the House adjourns. here again the prevailing low price made it impossible for Mr. SNELL. Perhaps it would be well for the gentleman the growers to make a profit. Some form of governmental from Tennessee to secure that permission now, so the mem aid, such as a tariff, is badly needed to save this young in- bership will know definitely what the program will be. dustry of Hawaii from utter ruin. ADJOURNMENT OVER Cattle raising is also a considerable industry, ·and the Mr. BYRNS. Mr. Speaker, with the permission of the ~arker Ranch, on the island of Hawaii, is credited with hay- ~ gentleman from Pennsylvania, I ask unanimous consent that mg one of the largest herds of pure-bred Hereford cattle m when the House adjourns today it adjourn to meet at 12 the world. Hawaii is almost self-sustaining as far as beef o'clock noon, on Wednesday, March 29, 1933. is concerned, and in 1931 exported almost a million and a The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the half pounds of hides to the mainland. gentleman from Tennessee? Tourist travel to the islands, referred to as Hawaii's "third There was no objection. industry," brought 15,780 persons to the islands as visitors Mr. SNELL. There will be no further business, as I un- during 1931, a drop of 15 percent from the previous year, derstand it, Mr. Speaker, except the speeches of those who · due to the general falling off in world travel. desire to address the House? Turning again to the strictly commercial, exports from The SPEAKER. The Chair so understands. Hawaii in 1931, most of which went to the mainland, Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from amounted to $102,737,836, and her imports, also principally Pennsylvania [Mr. DuNN]. from the mainland, totalled $86,956,768. While this left a There was no objection. balance of trade in 1931 of $15,781,067 in favor of the Terri- Mr. DUNN. Mr. Speaker, 3 minutes is not sufficient time tory, the great drop in pineapple exports alone during last for an Irishman to make an address. However, I shall obey year practically wiped out this balance. the rules. Hawaii has been a profitable investment for the Federal · The gentleman from New York who just finished speaking Government. I again quote from the book of Mr. Du Puy: in behalf of the unfortunate Hebrews in Germany took the A balancing of the books as between the Territory of Hawaii very words out of my mouth. I wanted the honor of stand and the Federal Government showed that during the first 30 ing before this honorable body and denouncing Hitler for years that it was a part of the United States it had sent $171·- his persecution of the Jews. The matter has been very well 000,000 to Washington, while the Federal Government had spent upon activities that might properly be charged up against the covered, but I want to call attention to something else that Territory, about $32,000,000, leaving a net profit to the Federal is going on in our country. Government of some $139,000,000 in taxes received from the In many States of the Union women and girls are com islands. Thus, the islands have not been an expense to the Government, but have yielded handsome and direct cash profits pelled to work 16 and 18 hours a day, for which they receive to it. the insignificant, measly wage of $3.50 or $4 a week. I have This is exclusive, of course, of the money spent in maintain- been informed, and rightly so, that the Federal Government 1ng in Hawaii the largest army post and the strongest naval base can do nothing in the matter because it would be infrinmng in the whole establishment of the Government. These are not t:> .. maintained for the protection of the islands, but as an outpost upon the rights of the States. to the West in the national scheme of defense, and should, there- I do want to say this: We Members of Congress can do 1'ore, be paid for by the Federal Government. anything if we want to do it, because there is not any prob- A perusal of the 1932 report of the Commissioner of In- lem that will confront us at this session or any other session ternal Revenue will show that Hawaii paid in this form of that cannot be solved if we allow ourselves to be actuated taxes during the year 1931 a total of $3,785,789, which ex- by humanitarian motives. Therefore, Mr. Speaker, I say to ceeds similar collections during the same year in 17 of the one and all, let us make some effort or undertake to do some- 48 States of the Union and the Territory of Alaska. thing to bring about a condition where unfortunate girls and The following table, compiled by Mr. Du Puy, executive women shall not be compelled to work 16 or 18 hours a day assistant to the Secretary of the Interior, shows the main for $3 a week. [Applause.] items in the account between the Federal Government and I thank you. the Territory Of Hawaii from 1900 to 1930, inclusive: EXTENSION OF REMARKS-LET'S CARRY THE NEW DEAL HOME Received Mr. FLANAGAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent Item Paid to the Fed- from the to extend my remarks in the RECORD by inserting an address eral Government Federal delivered over the radio under the auspices of the American Government Taxpayers' League from the studios of the National Broad- - I casting Co. of Washington, D.C., last Saturday night. Internal Re-venue------$118,004,556.23 $952, 8.36. 64 Post Office______7, 593, 819.73 •• 480, 092. 00 The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the Immigration __ ------78, 500. 00 1, 190, 000. 00 gentleman from Virginia? \Yeather Bureau ____ ------__ ------_____ --- ___ -.. --.- 191,500. 00 Customs Service __ ------44, 552, 860. 38 3, 217, 577.00 There was no objection. United States marshal, including courts (Federal, Mr. FLANNAGAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent supreme, and circuit), salaries and expenses._---- 681,778.00 3 Volcano re..