DOCSLIB.ORG

Working P&Per No. 147 an Approach to the Study Ofgrrigation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Working P&Per No. 147 an Approach to the Study Ofgrrigation Working P&per No. 147 An approach to the Study ofGrrigation: Caseofakumari District D. N$rayana K. N'rayanan Nair V.C. 4 . Utnarn Centre for ~evr$~opmenkStudies Ulloor, Trivaddrum-695 011 This study would not.have Wken shape without the active cooperntion of the Irripntion orpi,hisntion in ICanyakumari di8tric.t. In particular we would like to men/tion the names of M/S. Abdul Aeiz and Jnana ;iaj (Executive Engineers), T.S. Bmachandran and R. Nataraj (Assistant Executive Engineers) , ygaraji (Hend draughtsman) R. Nnrrrynnnn and R. ~ohnnnchandrnnl(Junion En@ineors). Wo aro grnto- ful to all of them and their suppokjing personnel for their valuable help at different stages of our Ve are also grateful to seve- ral farmers, KandottanTs, representbtives of the water-user's asso- I I ciations and members of the polikiP? 1 parties, spread over the I( district for sharing their views,1 opc the irrigattion system. We are grateful to Prof. !I?;I$.K. Panikar, Director, Centre for Development Stusies, for hislk$~d,encoure~er;entand financial support in conducting this study,; lqur thanks are also due to Dr. K.N. Raj, Dr. h.Vaidyanathan'.ad4 Dr. G.N. Rao for their helpful commun~tson an cnrlicr drnft. Howd~orthc responsibility of tho . views expressed in this papers are $olely.ours. h approach fo the ddudy of Irrigation: I Case of Kanye'iari District 1 yho ob;jec.bivoof .t,llis pupkr is to dcvolop tm intograted I approach for analysing-the. ~. physical, techno-economic, organisational and institutionel aspects of irriga ion systems. The need for such . i" u.n approach arises from our innde&pte understanding.of the forcgs . brini nhout chnnges in the irrigation system nnd the manner in which agrarian economic units respond to these I I .:. ;. 2,. However, 'i study of this Lind is not very easy .because of the complexities involved in disent ngling thg interrelationship II enong the various components of anjirrigation system. In order to surmount.this difficulty, we need t.;4. formulate certain analytical devices which mckc clear distinctio s among the components of the -t ,. ' . system and %:.en proieed to il&astri'-4the same ..withconcrete case stu- ! .. dies., This is exactly what yepropa do hire., We ha& taken .- .. Ksnyskumari District: for the:case study.I' . is district was chosen . I mainly because scarcity.of wit& and,'I kc.,, consoquont crop fi~ilurosaro .,. frequent in the tail-end areas here iq,rec.ont'I years. ' 3. , While jliugrq bat' use~uln? of' OUT approach, the folllow- . in&? limitations of the study d mi& Firs&, it is hns icIl.1 ly n qutrl.i.ln -Live quuzxtitativo analysis . is sttempted anywhere in quantitative analysis I . , , of magnitudes czrried out :is -me+.... , to. of the concerned quantitative exercises minly becr~usethe ;sheer work involved is enormous. Seccndlj., wu li~rvw11ot gono in rlcl~thinto thc +2volutiou or Llie syston~and Llie dilL'c- rent aspects of the politicnl economy nssociated with it. Purther,some 8ystematicstudy of the agrarian structure in terms of 1:md ownership , , ,. ... ! I and tenancy on the one hand and the'caste structure on the ather across j I the' command area would have.been usdful in understanding the influence of these factors on the irrigation This is a. definite and important limitation of our stu&y. our paper, in its present form should be treated as- an initial ap$ to the study of irrigation. 4. The remaining part paper is arranged in the follow- ing order. Section I1 attempts mulating certain nnolyticzl devi- ces. SecFion 111 provides D of the irrigation system in Kmyakumari move from 'the abstract I1 to the specific case study. In section IV, of water sccrcity in the distSict in' takes up the Very important puestiol/of farmers' res~onseto vnler .. secrcity. The last section briefly outlines the issues that ere thrown 1. up in the earlier sections which calj for further xescnrch.,, 11. A fremework for Anel$sing Irrigation Systems 1.. An important task in anal1 sing irrigation systems is to clearly define the ,inter relation a&ng the 'component factors of the 't irrigation system, viewed in its totsi ity. This section mekes s pre- liminary afteropt' in that di.rection. ke begin with the basics of agricul- . ,. ture and place the role of irrigation!I in ,agriculture in its proper pers- .. / . pictive. ~hekwe move on to the irrigation system end its component factors. 2. We begin with the basi{sl of agriculture. The starting . .... 8.. point of all agriculture is life,'dnd the siistenance of life units dep- I , : ends 'on its interaction with its e vironment. It is through this intcr- 9 . , llc tion thlzt lif o draw3 ' i tu sustonanco from. its environment. AY royurds ,. , I any given set of life units this edvi~onment.may broadly be conceived nr the having two constituents, the physical and/biologicnl.- Ey physical envj ., .! ronment, we mean, the soil, water, tempercture ................... Segimes . ,.,., . (ind by bioloyicnl., ,we mcnn, -the of lifo as the case'muy be. , . Agriculture is .basically man's of the environment' inorder . I ;,,, to facilitate the ~rowthof life udits. ~his%maytake various forms: : . I., .. conditioning the soil, conditionin6A the availability,of plant nutrients, : 4 . ?.. :. , ., , , Similar condi etc. Thcs~?&re with rogard to the '!physical pvironmont., , ,., . , . 1 . : ,, . timing may also be thought of with regard to the biological environment With this let us go on to $lie quost!ion of irrigation. J 3. One important of, the environment is with . , . rc'@rd to wntcr. his 'is whct got!s)iy tho name or irrigation . Narrowly . put irrigation is the providing of &$sured and codtrolled supply of water i/ : '/ to panThere are three irnportuni I aspects to it: (1) Sources end , . I' . .. techniques of irripation: (2) in~t~~utions,,knd(3) organition Let , . us Lulto them up ono Gone. : I I . ~ ., .. $ I . -1.7 Needless to ndd that this de ip{tlon also incorporites the question of drainage. Sources and techniqluks of irrigatic 4. The sources of irrigatidn! nlt~ybe lnnny such as procipitntion, riverflws, springs, underground .q$t&retc. As to the techniques these aregoverned by two importent fsctdlisi First and foremost is the source if water in relation to the loc&tionjof fields an& the second is .the crop water requirement. The intelidction of thcse two fcctors govern, though on a purely technical level !(for the actual selection will oftourse, be governed by definite institutions) the type of irrigc- tion that can be. adopted. 5. Broadly the techniques of irrigction may be brought under two heads: ~rnqityflow types dnd rifting tjrpes. 'What are. common to- . these are the.socia1 activities of construction.- ti once for all acti- . 3 I ~ity,regular repair, maintenance, replacement z'.'and regulation of the flow of water in to the fields. Wiiat distinguishes one type from. zno- ther is tho source of motive power; .Gravity flbw ns the name suggests, bus its source.of power as the for e of gravity whereas any form of lifting calls for the re&& supp y of other,, moiive power. Here the . iI.. crucial factor governing the 'natube of tho lift' is the depth of the 3/ source of wnter - 6. Here it needs to be noted that in a given environment the . .. crops that can be grown s;e clearly limitid. ~urther,given the , , 1 agricultural technique& 6r. the.:methods of cultivation, the crop water ,. their timing ahd::quantun - are determined. These . , .. , -2/.: The boundary' between repair dhd' replacemen/t is rather hazy nnd one often .does not. kit& where. repair ends and replacement begins. -3 It may be int6resting to note tha'k the evolution of the steun engine, which ushered in. th.e.~.IndustrialRevolution'had one of -'a- ---a- r- ;r--.rlnnmsm'+.a.in.,+.);&-area of lifting. together with thc source and type oflirrigation immediately throw up , 11 interesting quantitative among the factors involved. - Eor ins-huce -#hex %liere exists definitb quan- titctive I catchment, loss, crop water requirements, and the area that cultivation. 7. Again star-king 'with a.daf idite .enoiroment and crop configu- . rntlun, irri~utionmeans definite changos in the envi- . ronment. These changes in turn ma.y ake the envfronmont 'conducive to . I . the growth 09 plants rvhich othkrwis would not have groM in'the envi- I ronment or they may make the environment unsuitable for the plants I vhich wcrc unrlior being grown tho;c. Thoso rin woll as othor ronsons my call for crop shifts with the i?troduction of irrigation.: Crop . .. shifts can elso take place in.a subiequent stage of .irrigation due to " . Purthcr cl~ngesin it, me change involved here is from an assured supply of controlled moisture to thd ion-availability of it - water - . scaxity in otiiri- .rux; -32 ,;2- :o=?~quent shifts in crops. The sfrik- , . ,. ~ ing diffe. ancc? bet,$eeen this. crqi shift an6 the earlier one is that , . this has teken ?lace in response ,to./watersinrcity.in an. irrigated are&. 4,. What hak been-at.lempte(i. so far is to .'placef irrigation .-1 on c propcr frame. The end points 'kore aro the environment, crop . .1. configuration .?nd'sgricultural. on the one side and the . , sources of water cn the other. gamut of irrigetdon is set I . witliin thosc end points. 1nst.itutional aspects , . 9. IrrigationitE as 'mu$ as +$1 .is man! s conditioning of the ezvironment of plant life consists.4' social activities; The first . and once ,or all activity'is,.thf: of Lhe irrigation work. Tl~o,tnnka nround construclio~~mro il;l~o conccp.Liur~ul' 1.11~ irri~t~L.i~t~t work, ie.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • List of Applications for the Post of Night Watchman
    List of applications for the post of Night Watchman Receipt Sl. Whether Application is Register Name and address of the applicant No. Accepted (or) Rejected. No. (1) (2) (3) (4) C. Nagarajan, S/o. K.Chellan, 15/15, ElangathuVilai, Palace Road, 1 6373(2) Accepted Thukalay, Kanyakumari District – 629 175. K. Arumugam, S/o. A. Karuppan, 43A/43, Arunthathiyar Street, Age exceeds the maximum 2 6475 Irulappapuram, Kottar Post, Nagercoil. age limit. Hence Rejected. Velayutha Perumal.S., S/o. V. Sudalaiandi, 6C/17, Kulalar Amman Koil Age exceeds the maximum 3 6486 Street, Vagaiadi Street, Kottar, Nagercoil. age limit. Hence Rejected. T. Mahesh, S/o. K. Thalavai, 4/48B, Balavinayagar Koil Street, Thekoor, 4 6497 Accepted Thovalai. D. Jerald, S/o. T. Devaraj, 14-102 L/3, Hookley Garden, Boothapandy Post, 5 6510 Accepted Kanyakumari District-629 852. D.Jebastin, S/o. T.Devaraj, 14-102 L/3, Hookley Garden, Bhoothapandy 6 6518 Accepted Post, Pin 629 852. S. Navaneethan, S/o. S. Saravanan, 3.278C 5/1, Gandhi Colony, 7 6520 Accepted Gurugulam Road, Asaripallam. V. Suresh, S/o. A.Velu, 5/73/4, Ambal Nagar, Kumarapuram, Thoppur, 8 6522 Accepted Kanyakumari District. M. Raju, S/o. S. Murugan, 20A, Manikavasaham Puram, Chettikulam Age exceeds the maximum 9 6532 Junction, Nagercoil. age limit. Hence Rejected A.K. Arul Kumar, 25/1, Pattarkulam Colony, Bhoothapandy Post – 629 852, 10 6589 Accepted Kanyakumari District. S.M. Saravanan, S/o. Sivan Kutty,34/2, 3rd Street, Keezhakulam, 11 6592 Accepted Padmanabhapuram, Thuckalay Post, Kanyakumari District. J. Arun Kumar, S/o. Johnson, Old No.8/41A, New No.8/35, Market Road, 12 6620 Accepted Puliyoorkurichi, Thuckalay Post – 629 175, Kanyakumari District.
    [Show full text]
  • Private Schools Fee Determination Committee Chennai-600 006 - Fees Fixed for the Year 2013-2016 - District: Kanyakumari
    PRIVATE SCHOOLS FEE DETERMINATION COMMITTEE CHENNAI-600 006 - FEES FIXED FOR THE YEAR 2013-2016 - DISTRICT: KANYAKUMARI SL. SCHOOL HEARING SCHOOL NAME & ADDRESS YEAR LKG UKG I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII NO. CODE DATE Artesia Nursery & 2013 - 14 4550 4550 5700 5700 5700 5700 5700 - - - - - - - Primary School, Near St.Antony's 1 010002 Church, 07-05-2013 2014 - 15 5005 5005 6270 6270 6270 6270 6270 - - - - - - - Kappukad Post-629 162, Vilavancod Taluk Kanyakumari D 2015 - 16 5506 5506 6897 6897 6897 6897 6897 - - - - - - - 2013 - 14 3200 3200 3910 3910 3910 3910 3910 - - - - - - - Desiya Vidya Kedra Nursery & Primary 2 010004 School, 07-05-13 2014 - 15 3520 3520 4301 4301 4301 4301 4301 - - - - - - - Villukiri - 629 180. Kanyakumari District. 2015 - 16 3872 3872 4732 4732 4732 4732 4732 - - - - - - - 2013 - 14 4800 4800 6000 6000 6000 6000 6000 - - - - - - - Devi Nursery & Primary School, 3 010005 Kunnamagal, 26-03-13 2014 - 15 5280 5280 6600 6600 6600 6600 6600 - - - - - - - Vaniyakudi P.O Kanyakumari - 629 251 2015 - 16 5808 5808 7260 7260 7260 7260 7260 - - - - - - - 2013 - 14 3200 3200 4200 4200 4200 4200 4200 - - - - - - - Emilin Memorial Nursery & Primary School 4 010006 CSI, Kanjirapuram, 12-03-2013 2014 - 15 3520 3520 4620 4620 4620 4620 4620 - - - - - - - Kanjiracode - 629 155. Kanyakum 2015 - 16 3872 3872 5082 5082 5082 5082 5082 - - - - - - - 2013 - 14 3600 3600 3600 3600 3600 3600 3600 - - - - - - - Good Samaritan Nursery & Primary School, 5 010007 Nediyasalai, 13-03-13 2014 - 15 3960 3960 3960 3960 3960 3960 3960 - - - - - - - Arumanai Post, Kanyakumari District. 2015 - 16 4356 4356 4356 4356 4356 4356 4356 - - - - - - - JOHN PAUL II N & P 2013 - 14 5300 5300 6300 6300 6300 6300 6300 - - - - - - - SCHOOL KULASEKHARAM 6 010009 7-5-13 2014 - 15 5830 5830 6930 6930 6930 6930 6930 - - - - - - - 629 161 ARANIVILAI KANYAKUMARI 2015 - 16 6413 6413 7623 7623 7623 7623 7623 - - - - - - - 1 PRIVATE SCHOOLS FEE DETERMINATION COMMITTEE CHENNAI-600 006 - FEES FIXED FOR THE YEAR 2013-2016 - DISTRICT: KANYAKUMARI SL.
    [Show full text]
  • Rajakkamangalam Thurai Fishing Harbour Pvt., Ltd., Rep
    1 BEFORE THE NATIONAL GREEN TRIBUNAL SOUTHERN ZONE, CHENNAI Appeal No.77 of 2015 (SZ) IN THE MATTER OF: Rajakkamangalam Thurai Fishing Harbour Pvt., Ltd., Rep. by its Director, No.26/40, St. Arockia Annai Building, Rajakkamangalam Thurai and Post, Agastheeswaram Taluk, Kanyakumari District. ..Appellant AND 1. Union of India, Rep.by its Secretary, The Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi. 2. The Secretary to Government, Environment and Forest Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, Fort St. George, Chennai-600 009. 3. The Member Secretary/ Director Environment, Tamil Nadu Coastal Zone Management Authority, Panagal Building, Saidapet, Chennai. 2 4. The District Collector, Kanyakumari District, Nagerkoil- 629 001. 5. T. Dharmakrishnan, S/o. Thangiah Nadar, Paniyoor, Ethamozhi Post- 629 501. 6. The Chairman, Paniyoor Region Citizen Welfare Trust, 22-25, Paniyoor, Rajakkamangalam P.O., Kanyakumari District. ...Respondents Counsel appearing for the Appellant : Mr.P.B.Sahasranaman for M/s. TAAURS ASSOCIATES S. Kamaleshkannan and S. Sai Sathya Jith Counsel appearing for the Respondents : Mr. G.M. Syed Nurullah Sheriff for R1 M/s. M.K. Subramanian and P. Velmani for R2 to R4 M/s. Yogeshwaran for Clifton D’ Rozario, Maitreyi Krishnan, Aishwarya Rao & Raghupathy.S for R5 and R6 3 J U D G E M E NT PRESENT: HON’BLE SHRI JUSTICE M.S.NAMBIAR, JUDICIAL MEMBER HON’BLE SHRI P.S. RAO, EXPERT MEMBER Delivered by Hon’ble Justice M.S.NAMBIAR , Judicial Member Dated:23rd December, 2016 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Whether the Judgement is allowed to be published on the Internet – Yes/No Whether the Judgement is to be published in the All India NGT Reporter – Yes/No The Rajakkamangalam Thurai Development Trust by its representation dated 30.04.2004 requested the Government of Tamil Nadu to construct a Fishing Harbour at Rajakkamangalam Thurai in Kanyakumari District under BOOT (Build-Own-Operate- Transfer) system.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Applications for the Post of Office Assistant
    List of applications for the post of Office Assistant Sl. Whether Application is R.R.No. Name and address of the applicant No. Accepted (or) Rejected (1) (2) (3) (5) S. Suresh, S/o. E.Subramanian, 54A, Mangamma Road, Tenkasi – 1. 6372 Accepted 627 811. C. Nagarajan, S/o. Chellan, 15/15, Eyankattuvilai, Palace Road, 2. 6373(3) Accepted Thukalay, Kanyakumari District – 629 175. C. Ajay, S/o. S.Chandran, 2/93, Pathi Street, Thattanvilai, North 3. 6374 Accepted Soorankudi Post, Kanyakumari District. R. Muthu Kumar, S/o. Rajamanickam, 124/2, Lakshmiyapuram 7th 4. 6375 Accepted Street, Sankarankovil – 627 756, Tirunelveli District. V.R. Radhika, W/o. Biju, Perumalpuram Veedu, Vaikkalloor, 5. 6376 Accepted Kanjampuram Post, Kanyakumari District – 629 154. M.Thirumani, W/o. P.Arumugam, 48, Arunthathiyar Street, Krishnan 6. 6397 Accepted Koil, Nagercoil, Kanyakumari District. I. Balakrishnan, S/o. Iyyappan, 1/95A, Sivan Kovil Street, Gothai 7. 6398 Accepted Giramam, Ozhuginaseri, Nagercoil – 629001. Sambath. S.P., S/o. Sukumaran. S., 1-55/42, Asarikudivilai, 8. 6399 Accepted Muthalakurichi, Kalkulam, Thukalay – 629 175. R.Sivan, S/o. S.Rajamoni, Pandaraparambu, Thottavaram, 9. 6429 Accepted Puthukkadai Post – 629 171. 10. S. Subramani, S/o. Sankara Kumara Pillai, No.3, Plot No.10, 2nd Main Age exceeds the maximum age 6432 Road, Rajambal Nager, Madambakkam, Chennai – 600 126. limit. Hence Rejected. R.Deeba Malar, W/o. M.Justin Kumar, Door No.4/143-3, Aseer Illam, 11. Age exceeds the Maximum Age 6437 Chellakkan Nagar, Keezhakalkurichi, Eraniel Road, Thuckalay Post – limit. Hence Rejected 629 175. 12. S. Anand, S/o. Subbaian, 24/26 Sri Chithirai Rajapuram, 6439 Accepted Chettikulam Junction, Nagercoil – 629 001.
    [Show full text]
  • BEFORE the NATIONAL GREEN TRIBUNAL SOUTHERN ZONE, CHENNAI. REVIEW APPLICATION No
    BEFORE THE NATIONAL GREEN TRIBUNAL SOUTHERN ZONE, CHENNAI. REVIEW APPLICATION No: 22 OF 2015(SZ) IN APPLICATION No.05 OF 2013 (SZ) IN THE MATTER OF: M/s. Pannaiyoor Regional Citizens Welfare Trust Rep. by its Secretary 22-25, Pannaiyoor Rajakkamangalam P.O Kanyakumari District. ... Applicants Versus 1. The Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change Union of India Rep. by its Secretary CGO Complex, Lodhi Road New Delhi-110 003. 2. Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board Rep. by its Chairman Anna Salai Chennai-600 032. 3. The District Environmental Engineer Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board No.30, Kesari Street Mathias Nagar Nagercoil. 4. The District Collector Kanyakumari District District Collectorate Complex Kanyakumari. 5. M/s. Rajakkamangalam Thurai Fishing Harbour Pvt. Ltd. Rajakkamangalam Thurai Kanyakumari District Tamil Nadu 6. The Tamil Nadu State Coastal Zone Management Authority Rep. by its Member Secretary Panagal Building, Saidapet Chennai. 7. The Principal Chief Conservator of Forest Head of Forest Force Panagal Building Saidapet Chennai. .... Respondents REVIEW APPLICATION No: 23 OF 2015(SZ) IN APPLICATION No.04 OF 2014 (SZ) IN THE MATTER OF: Mr. Dharmakrishnan Son of Thangiah Nadar Pannaiyur Ethamozhi Post-629 501 Kanyakumari District ... Applicant Versus 1. The Principal Chief Conservator of Forest Head of Forest Force Panagal Building Saidapet Chennai. 2. The Secretary to Government Environment and Forest Department Government of Tamil Nadu Fort St. George Chennai.600 009. 3. The Secretary to Government Animal Husbandry Dairying and Fisheries (FSI) Department Government of Tamil Nadu Fort St. George Chennai-600 009. 4. The Commissioner of Fisheries Government of Tamil Nadu DMS Complex, Teynampet Chennai-600 006 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Kodaiyar River Basin
    Kodaiyar River Basin Introduction One of the oldest systems in Tamil Nadu is the “Kodaiyar system” providing irrigation facilities for two paddy crop seasons in Kanyakumari district. The Kodaiyar system comprises the integrated operation of commands of two major rivers namely Pazhayar and Paralayar along with Tambaraparani or Kuzhithuraiyur in which Kodaiyar is a major tributary. The whole system is called as Kodaiyar system. Planning, development and management of natural resources in this basin require time-effective and authentic data.The water demand for domestic, irrigation, industries, livestock, power generation and public purpose is governed by socio – economic and cultural factors such as present and future population size, income level, urbanization, markets, prices, cropping patterns etc. Water Resources Planning is people oriented and resources based. Data relating to geology, geomorphology, hydrogeology, hydrology, climatology, water quality, environment, socio – economic, agricultural, population, livestock, industries, etc. are collected for analysis. For the sake of consistency, other types of data should be treated in the same way. Socio – economic, agricultural and livestock statistics are collected and presented on the basis of administrative units located within this basin area. Location and extent of Kodaiyar Basin The Kodaiyar river basin forms the southernmost end of Indian peninsula. The basin covers an area of 1646.964 sq km. The flanks of the entire basin falls within the TamilnaduState boundary. Tamiraparani basin lies on the north and Kodaiyar basin on the east and Neyyar basin of Kerala State lies on the west. This is the only river basin which has its coastal border adjoining the Arabian sea, the Indian Ocean in the south and the Gulf of Mannar in the east.
    [Show full text]
  • Lithological Studies and Types of Soils Along Coastal Area of Kanyakumari to Colachel Coastal Belt, South Tamil Nadu, India
    Nature Environment and Pollution Technology Vol. 7 No. 4 pp. 00-00 2008 An International Quarterly Scientific Journal Original Research Paper Lithological Studies and Types of Soils Along Coastal Area of Kanyakumari to Colachel Coastal Belt, South Tamil Nadu, India S. Bhagavathi Perumal and P. Thamarai* Department of Civil Engineering, National College of Engineering, Tirunelveli-627 151, T.N. *Department of Civil Engineering, Government College of Engineering, Tirunelveli-627 007, T.N. ABSTRACT Key Words: Lithological studies Soil types of an area are more important, since soil is the main criteria in agricultural Coastal area production and in recharge of groundwater. Different types of soils are derived Kanyakumari from a wide range of geological formations. Knowledge about type of soils, its Colachel coastal belt extent and occurrence is of primary importance for agricultural planning to maximize production and for groundwater recharge. The soils of the district from Kanyakumari to Colachel coastal belt can be classified into red loams, red lateritic soil and pale reddish. They are derived from lateralization of gneisses. The soils derived from gneisses are mostly brownish. Thickness of soils in mountains is almost negligible, whereas in the valleys they are around 2m thick. The lateritic type of soil occurs in blocks of Rajakkamangalam. The mixed type of red and alluvial soil occurs in Agastheeswaram block. The coastal sand occurs in the western side of the district. The coastal alluvium sand is of high fertility. Generally, the soils are highly acidic in the coastal area. This is mainly due to heavy rainfall and heavy leaching of basic rock in hilly areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Branch Libraries List
    Libraries Address 1 District Central Librarian District Central Library No:61 M S Road, Agasteeswaram Taluk, Nagercoil-629001. Kanyakumari District. Branch Library Address 1 Librarian 8 Librarian 15 Librarian Branch Library Branch Library Branch Library Colachel-629251 Kallukoottam-629808 Kuzhithurai-629163 Market-800, Door No:P.16-71A / 4-120-11 Vilavancode Taluk N.D.N Building, Kalkulam Kalkulam Taluk Taluk Kanyakumari District Kanyakumari District Kanyakumari District 2 Librarian 9 Librarian 16 Librarian Branch Library Branch Library Branch Library Aralvaimozhi-629301 Karankadu-629809 Thirunanthikarai-629161 11-119 Vadakoor Road, Karankadu Post Kulasekaram Post Thovalai Taluk, Kalkulam Taluk, Kanyakumari District Kanyakumari District Kanyakumari District 3 Librarian 10 Libraria n 17 Librarian Branch Library Branch Library Branch Library Manavalakurichi-629252 Monday Market-629802 Sucindram-629704 Door No:12-198, Old No:12-17, Neyyoor & Post Near Panchayat Office, Bech Road Kalkulam Taluk, Marshal Nesamony Park, Kanyakumari District Kanyakumari District Kanyakumari District 4 Librarian 11 Librarian 18 Librarian Branch Library Branch Library Branch Library Agasteeswaram-62701 Painkulam Anjugramam-629401 Door No:14/6, Keel Salai Vilavancode Taluk Police Station Road Post Agasteeswaram Taluk, Kanyakumari District Kanyakumari District Kanyakumari District 5 Librarian 12 Librarian 19 Librarian Branch Library Branch Library Branch Library Azhakappapuram-629401 Arumanai-629151 Kovilanvilai-629252 Door No:12-42 Panchayat Street, Arumanai- Post
    [Show full text]
  • Mint Building S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU
    pincode officename districtname statename 600001 Flower Bazaar S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600001 Chennai G.P.O. Chennai TAMIL NADU 600001 Govt Stanley Hospital S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600001 Mannady S.O (Chennai) Chennai TAMIL NADU 600001 Mint Building S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600001 Sowcarpet S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600002 Anna Road H.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600002 Chintadripet S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600002 Madras Electricity System S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600003 Park Town H.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600003 Edapalayam S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600003 Madras Medical College S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600003 Ripon Buildings S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600004 Mandaveli S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600004 Vivekananda College Madras S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600004 Mylapore H.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600005 Tiruvallikkeni S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600005 Chepauk S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600005 Madras University S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600005 Parthasarathy Koil S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600006 Greams Road S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600006 DPI S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600006 Shastri Bhavan S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600006 Teynampet West S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600007 Vepery S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600008 Ethiraj Salai S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600008 Egmore S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600008 Egmore ND S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600009 Fort St George S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600010 Kilpauk S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600010 Kilpauk Medical College S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600011 Perambur S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600011 Perambur North S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600011 Sembiam S.O Chennai TAMIL NADU 600012 Perambur Barracks S.O Chennai
    [Show full text]
  • Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu
    For official use Technical Report Series DISTRICT GROUNDWATER BROCHURE KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU A. Balachandran Scientist - D Government of India Ministry of Water Resources Central Ground Water Board South Eastern Coastal Region Chennai September 2008 0 DISTRICT AT A GLANCE (KANYAKUMARI) S. No. ITEMS STATISTICS 1. GENERAL INFORMATION i. Geographical area (Sq. km) 1671.84 ii. Administrative Divisions (As on 31-3-2007) Number of Taluks 4 Number of Blocks 9 Number of Villages 81 iii. Population (As on 2001 Censes) Total Population 1676034 Male 832269 Female 843765 iv. Average Annual Rainfall (mm) 1448.6 2. GEOMORPHOLOGY i. Major physiographic Units (i). Western Ghats (ii). Coastal Plain. ii. Major Drainages Pazhayar, Valliyar & Tamirabarani. 3. LAND USE (Sq. km) (2005-06) i. Forest area 541.55 ii. Net area sown 793.23 iii. Barren & Uncultivable waste 31.49 4. MAJOR SOIL TYPES 1. Red soil 2. Lateritic soil 3. Clayey soil, 4. River Alluvium & 5. Coastal Alluvium. 5. AREA UNDER PRINCIPAL CROPS (Ha.) 1. Paddy -21709 (56%) (2005-2006) 1. Coconut – 9388 (24%) 2. Banana – 5509 (14.2%) 4. Pulses – 166 (< 1 %) 6. IRRIGATION BY DIFFERENT SOURCES (2005-06) Number Area irrigated (Ha.) i. Dug wells 3349 1535 ii. Tube wells 1303 913 iii. Tanks 2623 13657 iv. Canals 53 22542 vi. Net irrigated area 27694 Ha. vii. Gross irrigated area 38885 Ha. 1 7. NUMBER OF GROUND WATER MONITORING WELLS OF CGWB (As on 31.03.2007) i. Dug wells 14 ii. Piezometers 8 8. PREDOMINANT GEOLOGICAL Recent Alluvium, & Warkalai FORMATIONS Sandstones, Peninsular Gneisses Charnockites, Khondalites, Granites and Pegmatites 9.
    [Show full text]
  • Kanyakumari Sl.No
    KANYAKUMARI SL.NO. APPLICATION NO NAME AND ADDRESS K.VASUMATHI D/O KUMARAVEL 18/5C,NORTH ANJUKUDI 1 1204 ERUPPU, THANGAMPU THUR POST, KANYAKUMARI KUNA SEKAR.T S/O THANGAVEL 2 1205 ANNA NAGAR, ARALVOIMOZHY PO, KANYAKUMARI 629301 ARUN PRASAD.A S/O ARASAKUMAR 3 1206 4.55R SANGARALINGA PURAM, JAMES TOWN PO, KANYAKUMARI VIJAYA KUMAR.P S/O PHILIP ORUPANATHOTTU VILAI, 4 1207 MATHICODE, KAPPIYARAI POST, KANYAKUMARI 629156 JEEVA.S D/O SUBRAMANIAN 14 WEAVERS COLONY, 5 1208 VETTURNIMADAM POST, NAGERCOIL, KANYAKUMARI 629003 P.T.BHARATHI W/O S.GOPALAN 6 1209 55 PATTARIAR NEW ST, NAGERCOIL, KANYAKUMARI 629002 K.SELIN REENA D/O KUMARADHAS 7 1210 THUNDU VILAI VEEDU, VEEYANNOOR POST, KANYAKUMARI 629177 JEGANI.T D/O THANKARAJ VILAVOOR KUVARAVILAI, 8 1211 PARACODE, MULAGUMOODU PO, KANYAKUMARI Page 1 FELSY FREEDA.L D/O LAZER 9 1212 MALAANTHATTU VILAI, PALLIYADI POST, KANYAKUMARI 629169 CHRISTAL KAVITHA. R D/O RAJAN 10 1213 VALIYAVILAGAM HOUSE ST, MANKADU POST, KANYAKUMARI 629172 PRABHA.P D/O PADMANABHAN 11 1214 EATHENKADU, FRIDAYMARKET POST, KANYAKUMARI 629802 KALAI SELVI.N D/O NARAYANA PERUMAL 12 1215 THERIVILAI SWAMITHOPPU POST, KANYAKUMARI 629704 NAGALAKSHMI.M D/O MURUGESAN LEKSHMI BHAVAN, 13 1216 CHAKKIYANCODE, NEYYOOR POST, KANYAKUMARI 629802 BEULA.S D/O SATHIADHAS 14 1217 ANAN VILAI, KEEZHKULAM PO, KANYAKUMARI 629193 MAHESWARI.S D/O SIVACHANDRESWARAN 15 1218 1/20BTHEKKURICHI, RAJAKKAMANGALAM POST, KANYAKUMARI 629503 PREMALATHA.S W/O MURALIRAJ V.L, 460F-1, M.S.ROAD, 16 1219 SINGARATHOPPUPAR, VATHIPURAM, NAGERCOIL, KANYAKUMARI 629003 SUBASH.T S/O THANKAPPAN MANALI KATTU VILAI, 17 1220 PUTHEN VEEDU THICKA, NAMCODE PO, KANYAKUMARI 629804 Page 2 J.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnobotanical Significance of Plants Referred in Holy Bible Found in the Agasthiamalai Range, the Tail End of Western Ghats
    Plant Archives Volume 20 No. 1, 2020 pp. 695-700 e-ISSN:2581-6063 (online), ISSN:0972-5210 ETHNOBOTANICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PLANTS REFERRED IN HOLY BIBLE FOUND IN THE AGASTHIAMALAI RANGE, THE TAIL END OF WESTERN GHATS S. Mary Sheeja* and J. Lohidas Department of Botany, Scott Christian College (Autonomous), Nagercoil-629003. Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli-627012, (Tamil Nadu), India. Abstract An ethnobotanical study of holy plants found in the Bible from the Agasthiamalai region of Western Ghats. A total of 39 plant species were selected belong to 27 families were recorded. The species are distributed with in different life forms. Herb (37%), shrubs (17%), trees (32%),Aquatic herb, Annuals, grass, and climbing shrubs are (3%) equally and climbing herb (1%).The sacred plants and parts of plants utilized thereof are categorized on the basis of their socio-cultural perspective. Traditionally various parts of plants such as leaves(9sps.),seed(12sps), fruit(7sps),whole plant (6sps), bark (4sps), flower 4sps), bulb (3sps), wood (2sps) and gum, resin, oil, cotton, stem, and roots are equally (1sps) are used in religious and traditional resources. The study also contributed to the ethnomedicinal uses of such plants in the study area. We collected the idea from the priest for various denominations of Christian communities. Key words : Ethnobotanical, Traditional, Christian communities. Introduction health care system (Yineger and Yewhalaw, 2007., Seid and Tsegay, 2011). Ethnomedicinal treatment is not simply Ethno-botanical studies vary across space and time a medicinal system but part of traditions (Thomas,1998). from archeological investigations of the role of plants in More-over, reports have also indicated the reliance of ancient civilizations.
    [Show full text]