ELECTRICAL SAFEGUARDS

Vol. CXXXVI. No. 3502 JANUARY 5, 1945 9d. W EEKLY ---- l m j/z 2. — J f l j * .

FACTORY FLOOR SPACE. 1938-1944 (1938300%) ‘ABERC ABE’S9 SUCCESS CHARTS

1940 1942 1944

“ . . . of course our factory is really a rather more handsome building than this simple factory symbol our charting man has drawn. The point he brings out, however, is that the place is grow­ ing steadily, year after year. . . . And there’s plenty ol room foB expansion as the demand for good quality cables increases.”

ABERDARE CABLES LTD • LONDON OFFICE ; NINETEEN WOBURN PLACE W C I E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 5, 1945

A.S.C.M . Steel Conduit is manu­ factured only by ALMA & CRANMORE TUBE C O . LTD. BARLOW. H. J & CO. LTD. Accepted practice in the Lobster World is a ELECTRICAL periodical shedding of his casing. Until its renewal CONDUITS LTD he is u n protected . GENERAL ELECTRIC CO LTD. GRIFFITHS. ISAAC & SONS Accepted practice in the Electrical W o rld is HILDICK & HILDICK permanent protection with A.S.C.M. Steel Conduit. McDOUGALL. JAMES LTD Worlds of difference? .... Yes I SIMPLEX ELECTRIC CO. LTD. Comprising : SPECIFY AND USE Credenda Conduits Co. Ltd. Perfecta Tube Co. Ltd Simplex Conduits Ltd. A.S.C.M. Stella Conduit Co. Ltd. METALLIC SEAMLESS TUBE C O . LTD STEEL TUBE & CONDUIT C O . (Middlesbrough) Ltd. TALBOT-STEAD TUBE CO. LTD. TIPPER BROTHERS (Bilston) LTD. WALSALL CONDUITS LTD.

Advertisement of the Association of Steel Conduit Manufacturers, 25 Bennett's Hill, Birmingham 2 „------» «.'i' «■

5 % l t ï e i r January 5, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w 1

The positive—in all items of life (including Electrical prac­ tice) would be valueless w ith ­ out the negative. Both must oppose each other. W ith o u t difficulties by “ negative ” forces, “ positive ” advance­ ment in design could never record increasing improve­ ment. For it istheovercoming of existing difficulties that measures the pace o f progress.

LEADERS IN ELECTRIC WATER HEATING

HEATRAE LTD.. NORWICH PHONE : NORWICH 25131 GRAMS : HEATRAE, NORWICH

Sole Manufacturers of “ WESTMINSTER ” ARC LAMPS THE “ FACILE” For TERMINAL Photography Send for Prices and and List of all Medical kinds of purposes Terminals ROSS COURTNEY MAKERS OF— ASHBROOK ROAD, L O N D O N , N. 19 Electric Welding Machines and Patent Scaling Machines. Spot, Seam and Butt Welders. “ Westminster” Carbon Brush H olders. 11 Partridge ” Earthing Devices and Pressure Detectors. Dynamos, Motors, Alternators PINCHING SCREWS and Transformers Rewound and Reconstructed

Telephone : Willesden 1700, 1701 Telegrams: "Regency. Phone, London” The WESTMINSTER ENGINEERING CO. LTD. VICTORIA ROAD. WILLESDEN JUNCTION MCLand REPETITION LTD. Pool Lane Lanqleq Birminqnam. LONDON. N.W.IO Electrical Review January 5 , 1945

McKechnle Non-Ferrou- Ingots are uniform lr* composition and therefore easier to m elt and handle- Produced by a perfect plant under constant supervision to the correct analysis, the McKechnle range of Non-Ferrous Ingots covers the entire need of the Brass Foundry. McKechnie Chill Cast Bars are closer in structure than Sand Cast Bars and possess greater homo­ geneity and resistance w ith an absence of segre­ gation. They are clean, concentric and sound.

Apart from the saving on tool costs and labour which naturally follows the use of C hill C ast as a g ain st Sand) Cast Bars the saving in scrap and turnings is very considerable. T M9KECHNIE BROS. L td Brass Rods, Stampings and Non-Ferrous ingot Metal Manufacturers Telephone: Edgbaston 3581 (7 lines) ROTTON PARK STREET« B IR M IN G H A M 16 Telegrams: “ McKechnie, Birmingham.'*

MOTORS

BUXTON CERTIFIED

Illustration shows a typical flameproof squirrel cage induction motor fitted with 8 £ S A. plug & socket & I.P.C. odaptor, 15 B H P. 3-phase SO cycle 600 volt 975 r.p.m.

*. • • • Unvarying reliability and efficient performance in. con­ tinuous service are watchwords in the drive for increased production to meet the needs of war.

Peebles Flameproof Motors are playing an important part in the battle for fuel in a great number of mines, and are maintaining a high standard of reliability and efficiency under the m ost exacting conditions.

BUILT FOR RELIABILITY DESIGNED FOR EFFICIENCY

BRUCE PEEBLES & CO. LTD.. ENGINEERS. EDINBURGH.

3628 January 5, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 3

W Y ^ Mode for 30.60.100.160.200.300 k M B W Bt 1 Y ) 1 \ \ \ *• 500Amps. 600 Volfs: Double. U T *' WA j rnple and four pole and Ujllh IFF* E ifc iii neu|Ta|nrred for |inks- Conduir. busbar chamber ^ g jlp E In L ' flanqe or cable glands. W iring, M inim um TH aintm ance LONDON: A W ZELLEY MANCHESTER GLASGOtV- 7 3 . GREAT P E T E R ST.. BEL FA S T BURTON-ON TRENT WEST M l N STE R .SMI BILL SWITCHGEAR LTD EXETER SOUTHAMPTON BIRMINGHAM-20 BIRCH FIELDS - SOU (4 LINES) AICHO BIRMINGHAM

SIEMENS FLUORESCENT TUBES have established a reputation unsurpassed quality N o * . r e d u c e d

m P r,ce

A d vt. of SIEMENS ELECTRIC LAMPS AND SUPPLIES LIMITED, 38/39 Upper Thames Street, London, E.C.4 Branches al-BellasI, Birmingham, Bristol, Cardiff, Dublin, Glasgow, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Newcaslle-on-Tyne, Nottingham, Sheffield. E l e c t r ic a i. R e v ie w January 5, 1945

THE BRITISH ARMY

THE BRITISH AIR FORCE

USE THEM

Used in the activities of all the fighting services and various Government departments, “ ASHTO N ” Cables and Flexibles are in the front line for quality and reliability. There are types and finishes, including P.V.C. (Plastics), for every purpose; all manufactured under the strictest laboratory control throughout. Present supplies available for essential purposes. AERIALITE LTD. STALYBRIDGE CHESHIRE AC F.2 January 5, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 5

b'Jv e l e c t r ic w inding JVy EQUIPMENT

6 ,6 0 0 VOLT A.C. WINDING EQUIPMENT A T A SCOTTISH COLLIERY

MOTOR 3,900 H.P. Peak. 423 R.P.M.. 6,600 volts.

STATOR CONTROL 6,600 volt Reversing Contactors. Three breaks in series per phase. Electrical and Mechanical Interlocking. Potential Interlocking on three phases. D.C. Operating Magnets.

B T H products include all kinds of electric plant, Mazda lamps, and Mazdalux lighting equipment, for service ABOVE or BELOW GROUND. SPECIFY BTH

r 1 D ' T ' U THE BRITISH THOMSON-HOUSTON CO.,LTD. J D i n L CROWN HOUSE. ALDWYCM. LONDON. W.C.2. A3483 Electrical Review January 5 , 1 9 4 5 AMPLE STOCKS TO MEET THE GROWING DEMIND FOR CROMPTON FLUORESCENT TUBES AND ACCESSORIES

at all these Crompton Branches

T J P T T> 2 Q T *7 College Street 4-6 New York Road -DIIil-lT aIO 1 Telephone: Belfast 24255 LEEDS, 2 Telephone : Leeds 30511 6 Stanley Street BIRMINGHAM, 1 LIVERPOOL, 1 Telephone : Central 8946/7 ■QT H /^V D T T P 'M 1 Preston New Rd., SudellCross .D Llxi. v^IV.D UXvlN Telephone: Blackburn 5833 LO NDO N, E . C . 1 Crompton House, Temple Gate T TT'TO N I XI9 Dunstable Road BRISTOL, 1 Telephone : Bristol 25363 LIU I vyiV Telephone: Luton 3497 17 Charles Street M A N rH F ^ T F R LIo>ds BankBldgs., 3 3 Cross CARDIFF Telephone : Cardiff 8185 lVLtt.IN k /n iiO 1 JLI\ Sl phone . Blackfriars 3871 Phoenix Works, English Damside ■ R T p T A rC * R Q T 1! . F 1 0 30 Handysides Arcade,Percy CARLISLE T e lep h o n e: Carlisle 1240 n i h VV O i-kO I LEi , £ St phone :Newcasde 28622 89 Hanover Street EDINBURGH Telephone : Edinburgh 24426 NOTTINGHAM < ¡ 2 ^ » p r C * O Crompton House, Welling- POPT^MOTTTI-T 30 Commercial Road O L l.ttO O '^ VV tonSt. Phone: Central 5726 O I V I ^ U 1 n Telephone : Portsmouth 6989 9 Dillwyn Road, The Cross, Sketty SWANSEA Telephone : Sketty 88538

The services o f our Illuminating Engineering Department are available without obligation at all our branches

CROMPTON PARKINSON LTD., ELECTRA HOUSE, VICTORIA EMBANKMENT. LONDON, W.C.2. Telephone: Temple Bar 5911. Telegrams: Crompark, Estrand. London,

E lectrical Review January 5, 1945

THE POCKET TESTOSCOPE Size o f a Fountain Pen

A convenient rapid fault-finding instrument fo r use on AC o r DC C ircuits

fo r use on That corridor with 100-750 volts a blind corner, that awkward stairway, FOR TESTING that doorway in a SWITCHES OPEN CIRCUITS dim corner— these are the danger LIVE CONDUCTORS LEAKAGES spots. Wigan and Lacent Pris­ EARTHS INSULATION VALUES matic Lighting is your solution. NEUTRAL WIRE POLARITY Wigan and Lacent fittings comprise a CONTINUITY, ETC. full range of units. Fully descriptive leaflets and specifications are available on request.

Qlj. Qo-faL i^XA.j^Uu^v. DRAKE&GORHAM WHOLESALE LTD. 77 LONG ACRE, LONDON, W.C.2 Telephone : TEMple Bar 3993 MANCHESTER :29 Piccadilly. BRIGHTON:24 Marlborough HEYES & COMPANY LIMITED Place. GLASGOW : 182 St. Vincent Street. BRISTOL : 2-4Church St.. Temple. DUBLIN: 2 Church Lane. College WATER HEYES WORKS, WIGAN Midland Representative : [Green W. T. BOWER. 184 Jockey Road, Sutton Coldfield Agent : F. G. Ketelby, Gazette Buildings, Corporation St Birmingham.

dm 1061 January 5, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 9

‘E n g lis h E l e c t r i c ' TYPES ‘ NS’ and ‘T ’ INDICATING CARTRIDGE-FUSE LINKS

possess a ru p tu rin g capacity o f 25,000 kVA at 440 volts 3-phase, i.e.they comply with BSS88/I939 category of duty 440AC4 Illustration shows a 20-amp Type ' NS ’ (A.S.T.A. certified) Cartridge-fuse Link (actual size f ' d/a.) Type ' T ’ range available up to 800 amps

To comply with category 440AC4 three single­ phase tests are required each w ith 440 volts R.M.S. across the fuse terminals and with a prospective current of 33,000 amps

It should be particularly noted th at the 33,000 amps specified isthe R.M.S.sym­ metrica! prospective current (X ) not the peak asymmetrical prospective current(Y )

¿hxe/déd ad the Stä a n d P eJdoïm ance th e tttö d d Cfaeh-

THE ENGLISH ELECTRIC COMPANY LTD. — STAFFORD — 1 0 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 5, 1945

TWO EMPORTANT

A NNOEJNCEMENT

FLUORESCENT LAMPS

1 PRICE REDUCTION o f the e l a s t a FLUORESCENT LAMP (80 watt, 5 ft.) on 1st JANUARY, 1945,

from 3 0 ' - each to 2 4 ' - each

INTRODUCTION OF THE NEW "WARM WHITE" FLUORESCENT LAMP (80 watt, 5 ft.) for those who prefer a warmer light than that of the existing Daylight Colour.

The New List Price shown above applies to both the Daylight and Warm White Lamps.

POPE’S ELECTRIC LAMP CO. LTD. 5 Earnsliaw St., \e w Oxford St., London. W .C.2

Branches a t: Manchester, Leeds, Birmingham, Leicester. Bristol. Belfast. January 5, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 11

T H E C O R O N A

This design, with illuminated disc decoration, proved so popular on its introduction shortly before the war began, that we plan to put it into production again as soon as conditions allow.... to meet the more urgent demands of your customers for efficient radiant heating.

RADIANT ELECTRIC FIRES

Ferranti Ltd., Moston, Manchester, 10. London Office: Kern House, Kingsway, W .C .2. C ______222LJ 12 Electrical Review January 5, 1 9 4 5

W E REPEAT another of our advertisements which first appeared early in 1942 .... and we remind you par­ ticularly of the message in the second paragraph I

LIGHT will be the order of the day and the night when the “ all clear ” sounds and then, once again, “ REALUMINATION ” will be in tremendous demand.

We have never failed our customers in normal times, but we shall be sorely pressed to keep pace with the demand that will in­ evitably ensue for “ REAL” products !

Rowlands Electrical Accessories Ltd., R.E.A.L. Works. Birmingham, 18. January 5 , 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 13

I (I) Applying lead wire to Theseterminations i the paper stress cone. a re p a rt o f a | ^ (2) Lowering the internal pressure assembly into HENLEY 132 kV. 1 position. Gas Cushion Cable 1 (3) A circuit termination contract recently I prior to removal o f the completed. The || shelter scaffolding. contract included | the manufacture I and laying o f 6,760 I yards of 132 kV. | single-core cable, || also the construe- ^ tion and installa- k tion of all joints, ^ terminations, etc. | The complete || transmission sys- |j tern is now in ^ commission.

i # EXTENSION M e N N I

W .T.HEN LEYŚ TELEGRAPH WORKS CO. LTD.,MILTON COURT,WESTCOTT,DORKING,SURREY 14 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 5 , 1 9 4 5

Already faint glimmerings are relieving this N ight of W ar, and “ W alsall” C onduit and Fittings are contributing to such lightening of the darkness.

Here’s then, to the day when the fullest joys of Peace and the New Year may again \ be the common privilege o f us all—and amongst them the thrills of lighted shop windows for the “ younger” children.

WRLSRLL COnDUITS LTD • WEST BROiTlUJICH January 5, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 15

TRICKLE CHARGE BATTERY FLOATING NO LOAD //¡REGULAR LOAD

'» w ESTA t *- CONSTANT VOLTAGE RECTIFIER EQUIPMENT

(fifi u ie w ith (o tterL ei

A fully automatic floating battery system, “ Westat ” output current for a 50-volt in w hich the ba ttery can always be battery under varying load conditions. maintained within the required limits Note (a) the battery voltage is maintained o f voltage, is now possible by the use of between limits of ± 1% with constant a “ Westat ” Constant Voltage Rectifier mains, and (b) the instantaneous response Equipm ent. of the “ Westat ” to changes in battery The curves show battery voltage and voltage. WESTINCHOUSE

WRITE FOR DESCRIPTIVE PAMPHLET No. II L

WESTINCHOUSE &RAKE & SIGNAL Co., LTD. Pew Hill H ouse, Gh i ppen ham , Wi I bs . January 5, 1945 1 6 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w

ELECTRICAL STEEL SHEETS

r• •t • & LAMINATIONS

Brands :

••STALLOY,” “ MEDIUM RESISTANCE.” "SPECIAL LOHYS,” "LOHYS”

JOSEPH SANKEY & SONS L td ., BILSTO N LONDON : 168 Regent Street, W.l Jan uary 5, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 17

No wonder the Public prefers Atlas Lamps : look at the value for money. No wonder the go-ahead dealer handles Atlas Lamps: just reckon up the extra profit. And remember that our advertising is appearing in every main thoroughfare and regularly in the National and Provincial daily and evening papers and magazines. Atlas dealers get extra good discounts, attractive sales aids and complete freedom to stock whatever make of other good lamps they like. ATLAS LAMPS Nothing better has come to light

THORN ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES LTD., 105-109 JUDD STREET, W.C.1. 'Phone : Euston 1183 Northern Branch : 55 Blossom Street, Manchester. 'Phone : Central 7461 N.E. Depot : 46 Sandhill, Newcastle-on-Tyne, 1. 'Phone : Newcastle 24068 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 5, 1 9 4 5

All steel construction ; plates which cannot buckle, grow or shed active m aterial ; no sulph- ation ; no corrosive fumes ; unharmed by over-charging, rapid discharging or short- circuiting ; light in weight ; simple to operate and long life—all these characteristics will doubtless meet your battery problem with ad vantage. N IFE BATTER 1EQ LI Mill tiP - — HUNT END • REDDITCH’ • WORCESTERSHIRE January 5, 1945 E l ectrica l R eview 19

¡ i l l

i l l i

mm.

m S S m

m

Ł i ■

O i n n i n ( ^

EQUIPMENT FOR HARD CHROME DEPOSITION

For reclaiming and building up Engineering products. Cams, crankpins, crankshafts, gears, bearings, piston rods, cylinders for internal combustion engines, gauges, dies, moulds, etc.

Let us help you with your reclamation w & C? LT-D problem s. GREAT HAMPTON STREET, BIRMINGHAM 18 20 Electrical Review January 5, 1945

Workshop lighting should be a model of efficiency, and the pattern-shop illustrated is an excellent example of what a well-lit workshop should be. Whatever the lighting problem in your factory, Metrovick Illuminating Engineers will solve it for you. 0

COSMOS METROVICK LAMPS O ..7 : SEVERE-DUTY : B.S.775 TO - • UDRVLAE N SERIES AND UNDER-VOLTAGE - • January

t t î SEQUENTIAL OR T INDIVIDUAL T NT OSRCIN METALCLAD : CONSTRUCTION UNIT OA O RMT ON-OFF REMOTE OR LOCAL ELECTRICALLY-HELD-ON OPERATION WITH BACK-UP CARTRIDGE-FUSES BACK-UP WITH PROTECTION OVER-CURRENT F SPECIFIED IF PUSH-BUTTONS MOTOR-STARTING , 1V45 5, YEGT 7 APRS 50 VOLTS 500 : AMPERES 75 : TYPE-GET

AIR-BREAK

i l

f < CONTACTORS I RiCA i i RiCA I

R w e i v e EBR-O'VE ENGLAND HEBBURN- OH'TVNE REYROLLE OR BITU O UNITS OF UP BUILT BOARD J

22 E l e c t r ic a l R i v ie w January 5, 1945

T h e “ H a’p’orth of tar” . .

Yes, Sir, the royal and ancient. A game for the man who takes even his pastimes seriously. You will notice how this gentleman keeps his eye on the ball and . . . of course, Sir . . . on the etiquette of the course. The sack, Sir ? Well, it seems to serve its purpose. Surely, Sir, the game’s the thing. The hand that rocks the niblick rules . . . W e beg your pardon, Sir ? The man may be a golfer but he is no gentleman ? No man with a sense of fitness would spoil the ship for a . . ? Yes, yes, Sir. W e see your point. As a manufacturer you would naturally be particular about details. You would for example specify precision holding components by Newton. You would know that security, speedy assembly —and often safety—depend upon Newton accuracy and dependability. Precisely, Sir, the ha’p’orth of tar . . . NEWTON HOLDING COMPONENTS Bolts, Nuts, Screws, Rivets, Precision Components L. H. Newton <& Co. Ltd., Nechells, Birmingham 7 Telephone : EASt 1551 (16 lines) London, Coventry, Manchester, Bristol, Dublin, South Africa, New Zealand India Precision Speeds Production Jan uary 5, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 23

HATEVER machinery is to be driven electrically you are sure of W efficient operation by installing Brush Induction Motors. These motors are suited for every class of industrial drive including individual drive of specific machines, also the operation of pumping units for water, or sewage or for motor generator units. Brush Motors can be adapted to meet the requirements of various industries. The photograph shows a typical application—a Brush Motor and Crusher installation. Sizes from \ B.H.P. to 1,500 B.H.P.

lELECTBICAl ENGINEERINGti 8.49 LOUGHBOROUGH (MGIAND Jan uary 24 E l e c t r ic a l R eview 5. 1945

Like the hallmark on silver and the elephant a symbol of LONG the carat sign on pure gold, the LIFE AND STRENGTH; the Moffat crest, which is found on the effortless leaping of the ante­ door of every Moffat Electric lopes, typical of the SPEED IN Cooker and Electric Refrigerator, OPERATION AND STREAM­ is a guarantee of the highest LINING IN DESIGN ; and the attainable quality in cooking and beaver at the base of the shield refrigeration equipment. signifies EFFICIENCY. The remaining intertwined letters The crest was adopted by represent the four senior members Moffats Limited to identify their of the firm. products, symbolizing as it does Truly a crest of quality—the mark the characteristics that give them of leadership in its own field, and leadership in their field—the crown a symbol known in all parts of the to express REGAL QUALITY ; w orld.

MOFFATS LIMITED BLACKBURN LANCASHIRE

tHalen of the iJ a m tm i Moffat ¿Lctr.c CooLn & Wefriyeratoa

’ ¿>old the "Woo l d ot/e t " January 5 , 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 2 5

R K E ' S M I TUBES : Round, Square or Rectangular, in MICA for all Electrical a/ulGear and Domestic Mica or Bakelite. ^5 Appliances. MICANITE : In Moulding, Flexible and MICAFOLIUM ‘ MICA PAPERS • MICA Commutator qualities. CLOTH STEEL TUBES AND BARS HEATER MICANITE for Domestic and INSULATED WITH MICA OR BAKE­ other Electrical Appliances. LITE * LEATHEROID * FIBRE BAKELITE MICA : U ncutorcut to size and calibrated. SHEET, ETC. Contractors to Admiralty, Air Ministry, War O ffice and other Government Department lists.

H. CLARKE & CO. ATLAS WORKS PATRICROFT (MANCHESTER) LTD. MANCHESTER Telephone : ECCLES 2001-2-3-4-5 Grams : Pirtoid, Phone, M ’chester MICANITE

LONG T í ; the : m tt- ÏDK Œ A M - and the shield Thi letters m bers Equip your electrically driven machines with the “ right” control gear — ;nmi IGRANIC, which will give positive !, and protection to motor and machine and keep them working to secure maximum if die production.

Illustration shows IGR ANIC Control Panel for Holst motion of 6 -ton Slab Charger D for Steel Mill. ..■■■-■- - '1 _ ' IGRANIC ELECTRIC C9LTP 1

B E D F O R D & L O N D O N 1------N 2 6 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w Jan uary 5, 1945

CRYPTON EQUIPMENT LTD • ,y,fc • GEORGE STREET » BRIDGWATER » SOM Altocioted C o m ponltl : L i n c il h i r t D /n a m o t, C ry p to L td .. Foster Transformer, & Switchjear Ltd January 5, 1945 Electrical Review 27 The same supplies -

—safe in the same containers

— but standing up to very different conditions !

Medway Corrugated Cases are to-day doing a vital war job. Elundreds of thousands of tons of essential supplies are being delivered safely in this form of packing. And the sound reputation they achieved in the days of peace has been enhanced by the way they are standing up to the greater hazards of wartime trans­ port. For safety—Medway—every time !

The Medway Corrugated Paper Co. Ltd., Larkfield, Nr. Maidstone, Kent London Sales Office: Blaclcfriars House, New'Bridge Street, London, E .C .\

January 5, 1945 E lectrical Review Before Jaradnn was born

When the Science of Electricity was

being born and was stimulating the zeal of

im aginative physicists, the firm of Thomas Bolton & Sons

was already in existence and ready to be equipped to serve the

as yet unborn Industry. How effectively they have served that Industry

since electrical construction has called upon thefr resources,

is known to all in the manufacturing field. The

return of peace will enable them to serve it

even more widely in the future.

E S T A B L IS H E D 1783

T H O M A S ^ r & SONS, LTD

Specialists since 1783 COPPER AND COPPER ALLOY MANUFACTURERS, WIRE. SHEET. STRIP, STRAND. PLATES. BARS, RODS, TUBES, SECTIONS, MACHINED PARTS.

Contractors to Home, Colonial & Foreign Government Services;Railway and Transport Companies HEAD OFFICE: WIDNZS. LANCS. (TEL. WIDNES 2023 j LONDON OFFICE: 198 REGENT ST. W.l. (REGENT H77-8-!, Crt-i2 E lectrical Remew January 5. >945 January 5, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w

THE ELECTRICAL AGE

After the war the young men and women who set up their homes wili demand all the help electricity can give them. There are few places in this country where electricity is not available, so the millions of new houses that will be built will need millions of electrical installations. The M.E.M. factory is ready to turn over its great producing capacity to meet this demand immediately post-war reconstruction begins. QUALITY IN QUANTITIES — In the self-contained M.E.M. factory electrical gear and equipment of high quality can be turned out in vast quantities at low cost. This is the New Craftsmanship which maintains high standards by good design and vigilant testing, at the same time cutting out waste by mechanisation and good management.

. SWITCHGEAR MOTOR STARTERS FUSEGEAR • ELECTRIC FIRES M.E.M. " M emruy ” Eivilc/ifmc. M ID LAN D ELECTRIC MANUFACTURING CO. LTD., TYSELEY, BIR M IN G H AM , It London Showrooms & S to r« . 21-22 Rsthbon. Pl.co.W.1 ■ M a n d l« l» f Showrooms & Storai : 48-50 Chapal St.. Salford,; 32 I-LECTRICAL RhVIFW January 5, 1945

RESISTANCES

Although present circumstances render it difficult for us to give our pre-war service to all customers we are still working in their interests.

New materials and manufacturing processes which we are now using to increase o u tp u t also co n trib u te in large measure to improved perfor­ mance and reliability of our products. Thus, when normal times return, all users of Berco Resistances will benefit by our work to-day.

THE BRITISH ELECTRIC RESISTANCE CO ., LTD. QUEENS WAT, PONDERS END, MIDDLESEX

Telephone : HOW ARD 1492 Telegrams " VITROHM, ENFIELD.”

ANY SHAPE"ANY SIZE (Up to /5Blank Diameter

WRIGHT,BINDLEY &GELL,LTD. BIRM INGHAM li. Tel: Victoria 2295 (PBX) Jan uary 5, 1945 I-11 c'l'RK'Ai Rhvirw 3 3

IN THE TRANSMISSION, TRANSFORMATION AND CONTROL OF ELECTRICITY

CABLES : Rubber and Thermoplastic ; Paper Insulated up to 66 kV. CABLE ACCESSORIES, SWITCHGEAR, TRANSFORMERS, STATIC CONDENSERS, OVERHEAD LINES AND LINE MATERIAL, INSTRUMENTS, A.C. WELDING EQUIPMENT, “ CHARLTON” ELECTRIC WATER HEATERS.

SEND YOUR ENQUIRIES TC NEARLY 70 YEARS IN THE INDUSTRY JOHNSON & PHILLIPS LTD. CHARLTON, LONDON, S.E.7 Telephone : Greenwich 3244 (13 lines). Telegrams : “ Juno,’’ Charlton, Kent flm WXjJL tLt MUiMi ihrt "iätli nrtVlLto, (p wollig------34 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w Ja n u a ry 5. 1945

GREATEST PROPERTY PROTECTION SCHEME EVER EVOLVED . . .

To-day, Property, Plant and Stock are more valuable than ever. If lost by fire, they cannot be replaced for a long time, during which period revenue is lost. The Pyrene Company have evolved a Hire Maintenance Plan which gives such assets the most thorough protection. The plan includes not only the provision of the best and most suitable Fire Extinguishers, but twice a year inspection, supply of spare parts, repairing, repainting and, when necessary, replacing; all for an inclusive annual fee. Certificates are issued after inspection. Investigate this plan now ! POST THIS TO-DAY

To the Pyrene Co. Lid. E.R. Please send me free of charge particulars of your j Hire Maintenance Plan. HIRE MAINTENANCE PLAN NAME ______The Pyrene Company, Limited. Great West Road, Brentford, A DD RESS ______Middx. Telephone : Ealing 3444

THE CONCORDIA ELECTRIC WIRE & CABLE COMPANY LIMITED. LONG E AT O N n e a r NOTTINGHAM. A im high ! Plan to feed the new construction with cnomPTon p t i p e * C R B L E S

V

CROMPTON PARKINSON LIMITED, ELECTRA HOUSE. VICTORIA EMBANKMENT, LONDON, W,C.2 3 6 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 5 , 194 5

p;«/ C RE AT STRENGTH HIGH CONDUCTIVITY EXTREME FLEXIBILITY

W e specialise in MACHINE BRAIDS AND PLAITS of every description. Our Price List covering a wide range o f copper 6ralds and Cords will Ee s e n t o o application.

THE LONDON ELECTRIC W IRE COMPANY AND SMITHS LIMITED CHURCH ROAD . LEYTON . LONDON, E.IO January 5, 1945 Electrical Review

Welcome

prove dependable

j b j v o t v

IMPERIAL HOUSE REGENT ST - LONDON W I I ' 5, '

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ST. HELENS CABLE & RUBBER CO. LTD.. SLOUGH E lectrical R eview Managing Editor : Ja n u a ry 5, 1945 Hugh S. Pocock, M.I.E.E. Technical Editor : Commercial Editor C. O. Brettelle, M.I.E.E. J. H. Cosens Contents :— Page Contents continued :— Page Editorial.—Good Reception 1 Transformer Protection. By H. E. Electrical Safeguards 3 Forrest .... 23 Universal Domestic Tariff. By J. L. Two-Stroke Diesel Engine 26 Ferns, B.Sc., A.M.I.E.E. 7 Scottish Inquiry . 27 Personal and Social 9 Television Receivers 28 Correspondence 11 Coal fo r Ind ustry 28 All-Electric Kitchens 13 Technological Education 28 Emergency Houses 15 Electricity Supply 29 30 Views on the News. By “ Reflector” 16 Financial Section New Patents 35 Commerce and Industry 17 Contract Information . 36 E xp o rt Trade. By “ Sala ’ ’ . 20 Electrical Materials 21 Classified Advertisements 67 Engineers’ Appointments Bureau . 22 Index to Advertisers 76

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Vol. C X X X V I. No. 3502. JANUARY 5, 1945 9d. W EEKLY

Good Reception The Need for Early “ Anti-Interference ” Legislation

N important recommendation of the television. In the circumstances it was 4 recent I.E.E. Study on Electrical In­ not surprising to find virtual unanimity stallations (No. 11 of the Ministry of during the discussion opened recently by Works series) has tended to be over­ Mr. P. R. Coursey at the I.E.E. Radio shadowed by other points at issue. The Section in support of the legislative action recommendation in question calls for envisaged in the Report of 1936. legislative action to secure suppression of interference with wireless reception by the Reasonable Precautions operation of electrical appliances, on the Obstacles to legislation are not technical, lines of the Institution’s Report on though there may be doubts as to the Electrical Interference with Broadcasting. precise quantitative level above which This Report was prepared in 1936 by an general prohibition of interference should authoritative committee representing all be enforceable by statute. The best way to branches of electrical engineering as well as secure early consideration by Parliament the wireless. Two years later it was appears to be that advocated by the stated in the House on behalf of the Wireless World over many years. Our Postmaster-General that inquiries regarding contemporary warns its readers that too the possible operation and scope of a new rigid a specification would be a bad basis Wireless Telegraphy Bill, which would for a new law and would, moreover, make it deal inter alia with interference, were being unenforceable. W hat is needed is an a d hoc “ actively pursued.” Bill under which it would be an offence at law to fail to take reasonable precautions Worsening Situation to avoid interference. The activity mentioned seems to have The requisite regulations, the I.E.E. been singularly unfruitful, possibly on Report proposed, should be drawn up by account of delays in connection with other the Electricity Commissioners, who are interests concerned. Indeed an omnibus already responsible for regulations for­ Bill is an inappropriate way of dealing bidding the use of electricity in such a way with electrical interference in which delay as to interfere unduly with the supply of is as impermissible as it is unnecessary. electricity to anyone else. The enforce­ The situation is rapidly worsening with the ment of the new regulations was to be the increasing number of electrical appliances province of the G.P.O., which has a sold with interference-producing character­ specialist staff and which, as the recipient istics, such as the indispensable series- of the licence fees, has some moral obliga­ wound fractional horse-power motor, and tion towards listeners. the development of high-frequency In most cases interference is most electronic devices will inevitably add to the effectually and economically suppressed at trouble. Also provision will have to be the source of its radiation. There is every made for a widely extended popularity of reason to believe that British manu­ d i 2 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 5, 1945 facturers would not be averse from legal ments Bureau which is being established provisions requiring the incorporation of may not be provided by the institutions suppressors in electrical appliances except themselves they are able to appeal to their that the cost of doing so, though small, members, as individuals, to come to the might prejudice their sales position in aid of the new body. They are also able competition with foreign importers. Some to allow their presidents, secretaries and official mark would therefore be necessary council members, again presumably as to indicate that apparatus sold was free individuals, to form the governing board from legal objection. With the care and of the Bureau. So, while conforming to expense that have been devoted to the the letter of the law, they are meeting the building up of a national broadcasting desires of many members in taking an system, it is logical to urge that no effort active part in the “ economic ” side of the should be spared to raise reception con­ advancement of engineering. Although in ditions as nearly as may be practicable to the I.E.E. announcement, summarised on the level of technical excellence achieved another page, nothing is said regarding by the B.B.C. transmission. adequate remuneration, it is to be hoped that the point will not be overlooked. F r o m the electrical point New of view, the main interest A g o o d example of the Year in the New Year Honours Highland benefit that comes from Honours List lies in the knight­ Village taking broad views in hoods bestowed upon Dr. Supplies regard to electricity supply A. P. M. Fleming and Alderman W. Walker. is provided by the domes­ Prominent as an engineer, research tic tariffs offered by the North of Scotland worker and educationalist, Dr. Fleming Hydro-Electric Board for its first two has well earned this distinction. Alderman Distribution Schemes referred to on another Walker has also done much good work page. These would clearly have been for the electrical industry, for many years uneconomic (even supposing the giving of as chairman of the Manchester Electricity any supplies at all to be practicable on Committee and as a member of the Central financial grounds) had the areas not been Electricity Board from its inception until attached administratively to major schemes last year. He has done much to improve which envisage the production of several the conditions of electricity supply engi­ hundred times the amount of electricity neers. Another well-deserved honour goes that could be absorbed for such purposes to Sir Stanley Angwin, Engineer-in-Chief in the hitherto unserved parts of the of the G.P.O., whose work in keeping Highlands. The cost of lighting, cooking communications going during the war is and heating at the proposed rates will recognised by his appointment as aK.B.E. compare very favourably with that of any alternative method and also with the F r o m time to time it has charges in many large towns. Appointments been suggested that the for three leading engineering W a r n i n g s of summary Engineers institutions should interest Controlling disconnection have been themselves in the welfare the Peak sounded by Major Lloyd of their members, that is, should help them George and others if the to secure appointments when they need morning peak load becomes much greater. them and set up salary standards. But In the circumstances disconnection may each time it has been contended by the be a literally painful necessity if industry councils of the institutions that such acti­ is to get the power it needs. The sad vities do not fall within the scope of their feature of it is that the economical will charters and in entering such a field they suffer as much as the negligent, for in the would be acting ultra vires. It has now pulling out of switches there can be no been determined that while this attitude is. discrimination. Mr. E. B. Whatton, in a a correct one there is nothing to prevent letter to the Minister of Fuel and Power, the institutions from taking an active deprecates this and suggests instead interest in the work of an independent bonuses for the careful and penalties for organisation designed to help engineers to the wasteful. But penalties are already pro­ find suitable posts. Thus while the funds vided for, and a smaller consumption means of the Professional Engineers’ Appoint­ a lighter bill—a self-provided “ bonus.” Ja n u a ry 5, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 3 Electrical Safeguards Precautions in an Explosives Factory

HE attendant and ever-present risks relied on completely, and special thought T involved in the use of electricity in has obviously been given to whether or not connection with equipment in a factory Buxton equipment is fully suitable in view of handling explosive and inflammable com­ the likely presence of explosive dust and modities calls for the adoption of methods and inflammable vapours. types of equipments superior in standard to, The principle of the segregation of electrical and often drastically different from, those equipment from its associated process plant which are normally used in industrial is followed, in many instances in conjunction undertakings where the risks of fire and with both flameproof and non-flameproof explosion are of relatively less importance. equipment, and in all cases where the high- Bearing on this fundamental statement the explosive material is processed the motor following notes and accompanying illustra­ and its control gear are housed outside the tions relate to some of the safety features process building in such a way that trans­ mission directly or indirectly is via a shaft through the partition wall with a sealing gland where the shaft passes through the wall. A particular aspect of segregation is repre-

Probably the m ost im portant electrical safeguard is found in the widespread use of flameproof equipment ; toluol pump drive which we saw recently during a visit to a factory engaged in the manufacture of the high explosive T.N.T. Probably the most important safety feature is the widespread use of flameproof motors and starters and switchgear. While in certain places within the factory specific types of specially constructed electrical equipment which is not fully flameproof in the Buxton certified sense is used, only flameproof A particular aspect of segregation is repre­ equipment which has been certified by the sented by the supplies to plants protected by issue of a Buxton group certificate is em­ t r a v e r s e s ployed within or near process buildings and compartments where high-explosive materials sented by the supplies to plants within are handled. traverses, i.e., protecting banks or earth­ Examples of this are the driving motor works around process buildings or storage and its associated equipment for handling equipments for particularly dangerous the raw material toluol and the driving and materials. It is not permissible to pass control apparatus for such machines as those conduits and cable over the tops of the employed for flaking the solidified T.N.T. traverses, nor is the electrical engineer Even so, the safety qualifications of the allowed to “ go underground ” in view of the Buxton equipment are in many cases not possibility of acid in the soil. So, to cite a 4 E l e c t r ic a l R e v i e w January 5 , 1 9 4 5 particular case, the driving or lighting equipment within the traverse is reached by conduits from the flame­ proof switch pillars outside and at the base of the traverse, up the surface slope of the traverse for, say, two thirds of the way, and then through a ducting in the earthworks proper to the equipment inside. The dangerous consequences of normal supply failures “are so pro­ nounced in the factory that special measures are taken to ensure a supply from a well protected source to certain essential drives, such as the nitrator stirrer drives, in the case of such a failure. The supply source in question is a 250-V, 300-Ah battery arranged in three double-tier banks. This battery is of the lead- Ready m eans are provided for rapidly shutting down acid type and it serves plant in the event of six 7^-HP motors serious trouble driving the stirrers on the nitration units. If At each of these the the AC supply fails, 10-HP AC motor has mercury switches are a D C counterpart in de-energised and in the form of a motor consequence are auto­ which transmits by matically thrown over, belt to the same shaft by this means closing as the AC motor and the emergency supply is equipped with a circuit and rendering centrifugal friction available immediately clutch pulley which a DC supply at the normally runs idle. driving points. W hen the battery is put on circuit as we have just described the supply is immediately available at the DC motor terminals, so that this motor auto­ matically starts up and An automatic emer­ the clutch comes into gency supply for essential drives in the operation and the eventof normal-supply motor thereby takes failure is im portant over the load. An additional safeguard against the possible failure of the automatic equipment is the provision of push-button starters in the DC circuits, so that the emer­ gency motors can be run up under hand control. Another call on the ingenuity of the installation engineers is the provision of means for readily and rapidly switching off motors in emergencies without subjecting the operatives to unnecessary risks. To this end knock-off ” switches are placed near the paths of the operatives when they are quickly Each of the essential drives has a counterpart leaving the scene of trouble. For instance, in a DC motor which transmits to the same s h a f t via a friction-clutch pulley and take9 up quick-release flameproof switches are placed the load autom atically in the event of a normal- on the hand rails near the stairs leading to and supply failure from the operation platform of the plant January 5, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w where the T.N.T. is washed, so that in the brought out to clamp connections on the event of trouble the operative can easily base earthing conductor situated a few feet knock-off the stop button and thereby shut above the ground level and secured to the down the plant as he makes his way down any exterior surfaces of the building walls. To of the stairways. this base conductor, which may be regarded It is impossible to over-rate the importance as the trunk line of the earthing system, are of adequate earthing in this type of factory, brought the tails from not only all the not only to obviate arcing and sparking electrical equipment and conduits, etc., through normal supply circuit leakages, but but from all metal components of the building also to eliminate static and equipment, such as electricity discharges. To hand rails and down this end then, first con­ pipes, which are bonded sideration and major im­ and earthed to form part portance is given to the of the lightning-conductor provision of the best network. Throughout the possible earthing means, factory all flexible tubes and much experimenta­ carrying cables and wires tion has resulted in a to and from motor ter­ particular form of minals, etc., have drawn- earthing-point equipment in earth wires to ensure which is standardised for continuity throughout the use at numerous earthing whole of the earthing points throughout the fac­ system, including, of tory, at 24-ft. spacings course, motor frames, near vital buildings. The starter housings, and con­ earth plate thus adopted duits. is of simple construction, An interesting example consisting of seven turns of normal earthing arrangements in the process buildings is that at the bagging station where the flaked T.N.T. from the flaking machines is weighed and bagged ready for despatch. One of the illustrations shows the earthing of the table, the platform scale, and Earthing tails are delivery chutes. Where brought out to.the ex- there are moving parts ternal base conductor; on equipment, SU Ch as the r,sers frp°or?nteart ,nE doors of the drying

A good example of plant earthing is that at the chutesfrom the flaking planttothe bagging tables in a horizontal plane of 1-inch by |-inch soft copper with the two lead-outs in one continuous length of about 90 ft. The spiral is built up on a wooden cross frame and the whole is buried several feet down Numerous earthing points are provided throughout to two feet below the Static water level the factory ! a standard •• earth ” within four feet thickness of coke breeze, i.e., 2 ft. under the plate and 2 ft. above it. vessels, special flexible arrangements are These earthing-point equipments are all necessary to “ cover ” the discontinuity of E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 5, 1 9 4 5 the metal. An outstanding example of such flexible earthing arrangements is that at a distribution box serving the T.N.T. drying plant. This box carries a lift-out filter which is connected to the main earthing conductor on the wall by a long flexible braid conductor with substantial lugs and bolts. Then there is the problem created by the revolving shaft, and its solution is the slip- ring and brushes with tails to the earthing system. An outstanding example of the adequate bonding of joints in pipes, etc., is the bridging by stout copper links of the flanges of the overhead ducts which carry the molten T.N.T. about the works. At the unloading bay for the toluol there are some other interesting examples of bonding which include flexible arrangements for the swivelled pipe lines for pumping out the liquid from the tank cars, and clip-on arrangements for earthing tank cars them­ selves. The railway sections are also adequately bonded and earthed at this bay. Throughout the factory all hand railings at

Flexible earthing arrangem ents for a lift- out tray filter at the washing plant and (left) doors of a line of drying vessels The discontinuation of the belief that static electricity is produced only by friction has done much to lessen the possibilities of static discharges, largely by reason of the great attention given to adequate earthing. All internal metalwork is earthed by bonding and connecting to an internally disposed base tape which, in turn, is connected to the external base tape. Connection between these tapes at many points

operating platforms and stairways are spot welded at the joints and support points to ensure continuity of earthing throughout. In the actual T.N.T. loading bays the railway lines are made of phosphor-bronze and adequately earthed. Rail traffic is handled by Diesel-engine locomotives on which all the electrical starting equipment, lighting apparatus, etc., are of flameproof con­ struction, and the exhaust is passed through flame-quenching devices. The buffers are covered with “ Ferodo ” to prevent sparking. Coupling of flanges of T.N.T. overhead duct For lightning safeguards the protective system is regarded as an area rather than as ensures that a break in the inner base tape individual points, and to this end numerous does not leave the plant within unearthed. A lightning finials on any one building are all disadvantage of belt drives has been greatlv connected by down tapes to the earth network. offset by the use_of anti-static belting. Jan uary 5, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 7 I n ii eri§al Domestic* T ariff Simple Form which Avoids Present Anomalies

By J. L. Ferns, b . s c . , a.m .i.e.e., a.m .i.i.a.

NE of the problems confronting elec­ on lines which—so far as I am aware—have not « tricity supply engineers is the form of previously been laid down. Cost per quarter tariff which could be adopted for domestic — 78d. (i.e. 6d. per week), plus Id. for each supplies if the Electricity kW h up to 120, plus Commissioners were in­ In the tariff suggested by the 12 — N — 1 2 — d. per kWh be­ structed by Parliament to author the fixed charge is the same unify charges or if dis­ for all consumers while the kWh tween 120 and 480 and tribution were taken over charge falls with increase in con­ 10 — N by a national body. It is sumption and is also modified 12— Per kWh over evident from the recent according to the types of heavy­ 480, where N = the num­ I.E.E. Report in which load apparatus used ber of types of heavy-load this subject was men­ apparatus used by the tioned* that none of the existing tariffs is consum er, i.e., cooking, direct space heating, really adequate for this purpose. thermal-storage heating, refrigeration, power. The essential characteristics of a universal A discount for prompt payment of Id. in tariff are as follow. First, it must be promo­ the shilling would be allowed on kWh only. tional and possess an elasticity characteristic The effect, of the tariff (with discount which would stay above unity for many allowed) is portrayed in the accompanying years. The only instrument required should figure, in which the dotted lines show how be one kWh meter per consumer and no cal­ the average price per kWh falls with increase culations should be needed for ascertaining of consumption or change of N. Although the fixed charge. Diversity must be en- couraged as well as larger consumption. As domestic consumers are treated as a single class the tariff can legitimately be based on average domestic conditions and the old restrictions based on the dictum that lighting consumption justifies a high price per kWh must be forgotten. Avoiding Special Determinations The consumer should be encouraged to make and divulge increases of load. The tariff must anticipate the increasing use of electricity by all grades of domestic consumers and be uniform in application in any part of the country. It must recognise that there is no exact equation possible to couple cost of supply with kWh consumed and must avoid any special determinations (e.g. floor space) which have little connection with consumption. Being simple it should require no more than a meter reader’s skill to obtain par­ ticulars from consumers’ premises. The tariff should also be capable of being pictured on a graph in such a way that the consumer can at once see the effect of altering his loading conditions and should contain means whereby the charges can be easily raised or lowered to suit the changing conditions of supply. It must be different from all existing tariffs so as to avoid any feeling of favouritism or hardship arising. CONSUMPTION PER QUARTER - kWh To meet the above criteria the following universal domestic tariff has been devised Curves showing how the average price per kWh falls with increase in consumption and change of N * Electrical Review, February 4th, 1944. (number of types of heavy-load apparatus used) E lectrical Review January 5 , 1 9 4 5

the general statement of the tariff may appear relation to consumption are always introduc­ a little algebraic, this difficulty vanishes when ing anomalies which tempt the engineer to a definite value is allotted to N. set out amendments. Furthermore, non­ The tariff proposed satisfies the criteria electrical bases are greatly affected by geo­ detailed above in the following ways. It is graphy, e.g. country houses are built on promotional since the consumer is encouraged different l i n e s from town houses and rateable to use more and more electricity until the value assessments vary with the district. stage is reached when the home is all-electric. The fixed charge is kept low for two Greater consumption always reduces his reasons. First, because the price per kWh average price per kWh. Only a simple kWh starts at a fair level, viz. Id., and secondly, meter is required and the use of prepayment because two-part tariff consumers who are on meters could be discouraged by a higher the 8s. to 10s. per quarter basis at present fixed charge. The- fixed charge is the same must not be deterred from agreeing to the for all domestic consumers (except prepay­ change. With the aid of the figure a meter ment) so there is no question of having to reader could explain the tariff to a consumer. investigate rateable values or floor areas or The value of N need not be determined until the like before a consumer can be told what the first meter reading when the meter reader he has to pay. Diversity is encouraged would be competent to verify the figure for because the consumer would obtain a bigger N claimed by the consumer and to check it benefit by adding another form of heavy at any future visit if he suspects from the loading than by adding a similar load of an readings that it is incorrect. existing form. This point is important The figure, which only states a particular because the diversity of the domestic load case, not a finally settled tariff, shows that more than makes up for the lowness of the latter can be easily pictured. It has five individual load factors. stages which could be altered separately to suit changing conditions. It would not Benefits of Uniform Fixed Charge impose hardship on consumers who have not The anomalies of existing two-part domes­ been accustomed to fixed charges in the past, tic tariffs are such that in some instances steps apart from minimum quarterly bills. have been taken to mitigate their effects, as The answer to the objection that the deter­ for instance in the scaling down of the per­ mination and revision of N places too much centage of rateable value as the r.v. rises faith in the meter reader’s acumen or devotion and in the arbitrary assessment for floor-area to duty is that he has a job to lose if he fails tariffs owing to the physical difficulties to carry out his duty and that his work is not involved. The proposed charge of 6d. per unchecked in a well-run establishment. Also week cuts out anomalies arising from lack there would be a protective clause in the of connection between fixed charge and tariff designed to penalise consumers guilty demand for electricity. This charge fully of deliberate subterfuge, and it is very much covers the standing charge incurred by the easier for a meter reader to check the presence undertaking in supplying a consumer, irre­ of certain apparatus than to make a detailed spective of his consumption. It can reason­ inventory. If a consumer does away with a ably be made the same for all domestic type of heavy loading his consumption is consumers since averaging is an inherent almost certain to decrease and thereby draw principle of domestic tariffs; e.g. a consumer attention to the change. near the power station costs less to supply The only other objection which comes to than one who is more remote. mind is that each type of heavy loading gives Although electricity can be sold for lighting the consumer an equal cost per kWh benefit at a high price, the kWh used for the purpose irrespective of the consequent change in con­ is a very small proportion of the total and sumption. This particular feature is, however, does not justify the installation of a second aimed at improving load diversity and meter with the extra readings, maintenance not total consumption, so that, taking the and clerical work. long view, it is undesirable to discriminate The proposed tariff definitely encourages between the loads specified in the tariff. the consumer to increase his load and to inform the undertaking of any such changes, Transformer Specifications since such notification carries with it a f CONSEQUENT upon the withdrawal of the financial benefit. It is framed on the basis ^ restrictions on the manufacture of trans­ that in the near future few consumers will formers as imposed by S.R. & O. 1943, No. 1353, not be able to claim a value of two or three the war emergency amendments to the specifica­ for N. Another point in its favour is that its tions B.S. 171, 1936 (Electrical Performance of application is unaffected by geography. The Transformers for Power and Lighting! and factors which control the cost of giving a B.S. 355, 1939 (Mining-Type Transformers) have particular small supply are so variable that been withdrawn. To give effect to this, amend­ ment No. 2 to these specifications has been the cost cannot be worked out exactly, and issued. Copies of this amendment (P.D. 297) all should therefore be treated on a par. may be obtained from the B.S.I. on receipt of a Fixed charge assessments which bear no stamped addressed envelope. January 5, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w PEItSONAL and MM I ll, News of Men and Women of the Industry

I'H E list of New Year Honours published Guard. Major Eyre, who served in France this week includes the names of Dr. A. P. M. during the last war, is the principal of the firm Fleming (for his services to education) and of Alan Eyre & Co., wholesale electrical factors, Alderman W. Walker (for services to municipal of Chesterfield. electricity supply) upon whom knighthoods are Major Robbins, who before joining the Army conferred. Dr. Fleming, a director of the was on the sales staff of Belling & Co., Ltd., has Metropolitan-Vickers Electrical Co., Ltd., is been mentioned in dispatches in recognition of well-known throughout the industry as a past- gallant and distinguished services in Italy. It president of the I.E.E. and a leading authority is understood that the mention is in respect of the Salerno landings. Major Robbins joined the Army in March, 1941, and is now with G.H.Q., Middle East. Mr. E. H. Lanham, consumers’ engineer at Preston since 1920 and an employee of the National ElectricSupply Co. and Preston Cor­ poration electricity un­ dertaking for over forty- six years, retired on December 23rd, and was Dr. A. P. M. Fleming and Alderman W. W alker, two new knights, and presented with a fishing Sir Stanley Angwin (K.B.E.) rod and suitcase by his fellow employees. Mr. on technical education and training. Alderman G. A. Robertson, the borough electrical engineer, Walker is a past-president of the Electrical made the presentation. From members of the Development Association, former chairman for Preston branch of the Electrical Contractors’ many years of the Manchester Electricity Association Mr. Lanham received a cheque, the Committee and a member of the Central presentation being made by Mr. J. E. Eaves. lunent ,1k Electricity Board from its establishment in 1927 Mr. L. Short, manager of the Dumbuck Works lause in q until the end of 1942. Dr. James Chadwick, of Babcock & Wilcox, Ltd., at Dumbarton Miners ¡ i Professor of Physics in Liverpool University, is since they wgre opened in 1915, has just retired. is veiv me knighted for his services to the Department Mr. Short was apprenticed to Charles Burrell & of Scientific and Industrial Research, and Mr. Sons, Thetford, and in 1893 joined Marshall, R. N. Dale, Joint Deputy Secretary, Ministry of Sons & Co., Gainsborough, with whom he held Fuel and Power, is also among the new knights. a number of responsible positions until 1905, Sir Stanley Angwin, another past-president of the when he became works manager to Robey & Institution and Engineer-in-Chief of the G.P.O., Co., Lincoln. Later he was manager and is made a K.B.E. Capt. Lord Reith becom es a engineer to Davy, Paxman & Co., Colchester. C.B. (Military Division). Mr. Short will remain with Babcock & Wilcox, Mr. Victor Vesnin, president of the Academy Ltd., in a consultative capacity. of Architecture of the U.S.S.R., has been Mr. A. R. Chapman, deputy general sales awarded the Royal Gold Medal for 1945 of manager of Babcock & Wilcox, Ltd., has been the Royal Institute of British Architects. Mr. appointed general sales manager. Vesnin was responsible for the design of the Mr. L. Bunce has resigned his directorship great Dnieper Dam (which is now being of Dudley Electrical (Wholesale) Supplies, restored) and for other hydro-electric works Ltd., and has relinquished all interest in the on the Volga. company. Mr. E. F. Williams has now joined Mr. W. F. Higgins, O.B.E., secretary of the the board. National Physical Laboratory, has been appointed superintendent of the Physics Division Mr. F. Riley, A.M.I.E.E., A.M.I.Mech.E., of the Laboratory and Mr. E. S. Hiscocks, chief engineer of the Calderstones Institution, M.Sc., succeeds him as secretary. Dr. G. A. Whalley, is retiring after thirty years’ service. Before this appointment he was chief assistant Hankins, is to be superintendent of the En­ engineer at the Rawtenstall electricity works and gineering Division. had been in the service of other electricity under­ Mr. R. J. Denman, Sutton District officer, takings. He has also been consulting engineer London and Home Counties J.E.A., is due to for the electrification and maintenance of retire on February 22nd but is being re­ quarries. engaged in a temporary capacity. To mark the connection of the five-thousandth Mr. William Black, Mavor & Coulson, Ltd., consumer to the mains of the Alderley Edge and has been awarded the gold medal for the best Wilmslow Electricity Board, Mr. P. E. Carlisle, fifth-year apprentice. Mr. James Strain has the chairman, recently presented Mrs. Hulme, won the silver medal. 46, Alma Lane, Wilmslow, with a 2-kW radiator. The M.B.E. has been awarded to Major F. Mr. Carlisle recalled that when the Board was Alan Eyre for services rendered in the Home form ed in 1928 there were only 1,463 consum ers, 1 0 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 5 . 1 9 4 5 and that, while in 1929 sales of electricity and controlled, there would be no need tor amounted to between five and six hundred any village or hamlet in Great Britain to be thousand kWh, they were now between ten and denied a supply at a reasonable tariff. eleven million kWh a year. Lighting charges had been reduced by one-half and tariffs Sir W. Murray Morrison is retiring from the generally had been lowered. position of managing director of the British Aluminium Co., Ltd., next March after fifty Mr. F. D. Balshaw, chief technical assistant years’ service with the company. He will remain in the Willesden Electricity Department, on the board. Mr. Geoffrey Cunliffe, general retired on pension on December 31st. He manager, and Mr. George Boex, technical haa been in the Council’s service for forty-two manager, have been appointed to succeed Sir years. Murray as joint managing directors. Mr. Branson Nuttall, M.I.E.E., whose appoint­ Mr. C. B. Kingsford, manager of the switchgear ment as deputy electrical engineer at Hudders­ sales department of the British Thomson- field was announced in our issue of December Houston Co., Ltd., has retired after forty-two 15 th, is forty-two and a years’ service with the company, and at a recent native of Manchester, meeting at the Willesden Switchgear Works was where he attended the presented with a gift from his friends and Central High School colleagues. He is succeeded by Mr. L. Drucquer, and the College of M.I.E.E., who joined the company in 1920, and Technology, of which after experience in the test and outside construc­ he is an associate. Fol­ tion departments, entered the switchgear sales lowing his apprentice­ department in 1925,becoming assistant manager. ship course from 1918 to 1923 with Ferguson, The Western Centre of the Institution of Pailin, Ltd., in which he Electrical Engineers has formed an Installations G roup. Mr. A. N. Irens, chief electrical specialised in power switchgear and protec­ engineer of the Bristol Aeroplane Co., has been elected the first chairman and the hon. secretary tive equipment, he be­ is Mr. H. R. Beasant. came successively the company’s contracts Mr. James Williamson has resigned his Mr. B. N uttall engineer, general engi­ appointment as chief engineer and director neering assistant and of Sir William Arrol & Co. as from December deputy sales manager. In 1932 he took up the 31st, and Mr. Gilbert Roberts has been appointed position of technical assistant to the Nottingham to succeed him. Mr. Williamson, who was a electricity undertaking, where he became chief member of the Cooper Committee on hydro­ technical assistant and constructional engineer, a electric development in Scotland, is to act as position he now relinquishes to take up his new one of the civil engineering consultants for appointment. Mr. Nuttall is a member of the several of the proposed hydro-electric schemes. I.E.E. East Midland Sub-Centre Committee. He has contributed several articles to the Obituary technical Press and was awarded a-premium for Mr. C. R. Riber, who retired on June 1st, 1940, a paper published in the I.E.E. Journal. from the position of factory manager of the Mr. C. W. Burr, assistant for special turbine engineering departments of Siemens Bros. & work at the Swansea Corporation’s Tir John Co., Ltd., died on December 17th. Mr. Riber power station, has resigned to take up an entered the company’s appointment with the Brush Engineering Co., service in 1907, as Ltd. factory manager of the apparatus department, Mr. E. Howard has been recommended by his first task being to the Nottingham Lighting Committee for the reorganise the manufac­ position of lighting engineer at a salary of turing methods and to £750 per annum with effect from November 1st, introduce mass produc­ 1944. Mr. Howard, as lighting superintendent, tion for such apparatus has been in charge of the department since as telephones. At that March last. tim e the dep artm en t em ­ The golden jubilee of the opening of Dewsbury ployees numbered 218, electricity works on December 10th, 1894 (see and the floor space o f the Electrical Review, December 22nd, page 881) workshops, stores and was celebrated in the Town Hall on December offices was approxi­ 21st. Alderman A. Sugden, J.P., chairman of mately 46,000 sq. ft. At Dewsbury Electricity Committee, who presided the close of the last war T h e l a t e and responded to the toast of “ The Dewsbury Mr. Riberwas appointed Mr. C. R. Riber Electricity Department,” said that sometimes factory manager for all his political friends on the Council wondered engineering departments and with the installation why he, as a Socialist, was in that position on of modern machine tools, expansion took a committee which was the vendor of a com­ place to such a degree that the apparatus modity of private enterprise. In that con­ department employees at the time of his retire­ nection he took a long view because he was of ment numbered over 5,000 and the floor space opinion that the day was not far distant when was nearly half a million sq. ft. Mr. Riber was coal, power and transport would be under keenly interested in the social and welfare State ownership and control. He therefore organisations of the company. welcomed all those great schemes of uni­ W ill.— The late Mr. W. H. Collis, electrical fication as a means to an end. In the next half engineer, of Wavertree, Liverpool, left estate century, with the industry properly organised valued at £20,724 (£18,535 net personalty). Jan uary 5, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w II

correspondence Letters should bear the writers' names and addresses, not necessarily for publication. Responsibility cannot be accepted for correspondents' opinions. Pensions for Professional Men convened for the purpose which all members were invited to attend. These ifcN page 803 of your issue of December 8th meetings were held in London in March and you suggest that there should be a April last, and it was not until after the April general pension scheme for professional men. meeting, at which the proposals were approved Why stop at sectional arrangements ? by a very substantial majority, that they Why not, as I suggested to Sir William were submitted to the Minister of Fuel and Beveridge when he was preparing his report, Power. a compulsory, general, contributory pensions In these circumstances it is quite untrue to scheme, premiums collected at the same time say that it is a case of the pot calling the as income tax, and the amount of pension to be some factor of the total payments made kettle black when the Association of Munici­ pal Corporations is very rightly criticised in by each member throughout his working the I.M.E.A. Journal for acting unconstitu­ life? This would make for a better interchange tionally by putting forward on behalf of its members proposals which had merely been of talent between industry and Government considered and approved by the General service and would automatically take care of Purposes Committee of the Association and periods of unemployment and/or low earning regarding which (unlike the I.M.E.A.) the capacity. general body of members had been given no London, S. W. 17. A. J. F e l s t e a d . opportunity of expressing their approval or otherwise. A. J. C. D e R e n z i. Transformer Economics Newcastle-under-Lyme. ■N your report of my contribution to the ■ discussion at the I.E.E. Transmission EE.E. Examinations Section meeting on December 13th, recorded rIHHE coming changes in the syllabus for on page 895 of your December 22nd issue, the associate membership examination the third paragraph is not quite correct. of the Institution of Electrical Engineers What I said was :— . . Any radical reduction in iron loss seem to me to be a step in the right direction, levels would require the use of still higher especially when one remembers that the true test of an institution lies in the quality rather grades of steel for economic designing ” and than quantity of its membership. not :— . . Any radical reduction of the iron loss would require the use of too high a For several years I studied under consider­ able difficulties—air-raids, C.D. duties, long grade steel for economic design,” as reported. working hours, etc.—the Higher National As this is rather an important point I Certificate course in electrical engineering, should be glad if you would make a note of and on completion of the course I received this correction. A. G. E l l is , the two certificates. Now that I wish to Trafford Park, Chief Engineer, make use of this qualification, I find that it Manchester. Transformer Dept., is not considered to indicate a high standard Metropolitan-Vickers Electrical Co., Ltd. of technical education, primarily because of the great diversity in the type and standard Electricity Supply Reorganisation of the questions set by the various colleges. FTER reading “ Electron’s ” letter in I have been given to understand that the A your issue of December 22nd,-1 certainly certificates would be better recognised if the think he was personally very wise in deciding examination papers were common throughout to remain anonymous. If anyone ever the country and set by the Institution. merited the title of “ unconscious humorist ” May I, therefore, suggest that the Institu­ I suggest it is your correspondent, as I cannot tion should set the examination papers for conceive that anyone would knowingly rush both the Ordinary and Higher National iqto print with statements so diametrically Certificates ? opposite to the actual facts as those contained Essex. ' E x -S t u d e n t . in his letter. I think it has long been known to practi­ ’Wl/HILE entirely agreeing that a high cally everyone of any standing in the industry standard of attainment should be that the Brown and White Memoranda on required for associate membership of the Post-War . Reorganisation were not merely Institution of Electrical Engineers, I do feel approved by the I.M.E.A. Council, but were, that some consideration should be given in in fact, placed before twq extraordinary Part 1 of the examination to persons over g e n e r a l ’meetings of the Association specially thirty-five years of age who have been con­ 1 2 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w January 5 , 1 9 4 5

nected with the industry for at least ten the Board to carry out the work in the immediate years. I took Part 1 for the third time last post-war period. In this period experience November and spoke to fifteen “ hopefuls ” will be gained of actual costs and probable all over thirty-five years who were all trying revenue, so that when further advances are to pass Part 1 at their third attempt; all needed it will be possible to make more concrete provisions in legislation both as regards the had passed in the three subjects at different total commitment and the State’s liability in times in the two previous examinations. the nature of free grants, having regard to the It is more or less accepted that if any of probable revenue from consumers. the over thirty-fives do not get through in The E.S.B. is to be enabled, with the approval the forthcoming May examination, there is of the Minister for Industry and Commerce, little hope of their getting through under the either by itself or in conjunction with other new regulations unless concessions are made interests, to secure the manufacture in Eire of electrical plant and other items needed in the for persons over thirty-five. development of its programme. Under this The University of London has permitted enabling clause, however, arrangements are candidates to take the matriculation examina­ contemplated whereby existing firms in the tion in two parts because of the present State will be given an opportunity to demon­ emergency. Has the examining body of the strate their ability to produce the required I.E.E. made any such concession ? Further, equipment in quality and quantity before authority is given to the Board to undertake why should it take nearly three months production. before any results can be received? Also Provision is also made empowering the surely some indication could be given as to Minister for Finance to advance to the Board how many marks or what percentages are additional money up to a maximum of req u ired . £7,500,000 apart from the advances for rural Other educational bodies are doing their electrification. _____ utmost to foster further education for the not so young; the new I.E.E. regulations Forthcoming Events seem to frustrate any attempt at improving Friday, January 5th.— Chesterfield.— S tation one’s education. Hotel, 6.30 p.m. Association of Mining Kent. B e l a c . Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (Midland Branch). “ Electrical Testing and Measuring,” by D. Blake. Cutting-off of Supplies.—Mr. E. B.W hatton, Bath.—Pump Room, 7.15 p.m. Bristol A.M.I.E.E., has sent us a copy of a letter Students’ Section. “ Principles of Television which he has addressed to the Minister of Transmission and Reception,” by D. J. Clat- Fuel and Power on the subject of the possible w orthy. cutting-off of electricity supply at peak-load Monday, January 8th.— Cardiff.—South Wales times. Mr. Whatton points to the impossi­ Institute of Engineers, 5 p.m’. Joint meeting of I.E.E. Western Centre and the Institution bility of distinguishing between essential and of Post Office Electrical Engineers. “ Merging non-essential uses and suggests that instead of Line and Radio Technique,” by A. H. of cutting off supplies bonuses should be paid M um ford. to those who can prove economy since 1939 B irm ingham .— G ran d H otel, 6 p.m . I.E.E. (especially during the winter quarter of 1944) South Midland Centre and Institution of Post and that those whose consumption has Office Electrical Engineers. Discussion on increased without real justification should be “ Training of an Engineer,” to be opened by D. B. Hoseason. prosecuted. Newcastle-on-Tyne.—Neville Hall, Westgate Road, 6.15 p.m. I.E.E. North-Eastern Centre. Irish Electricity Bill “ Influence of Resistance Switching on the Design of High-voltage Air-blast Circuit- MEMORANDUM issued by the Depart­ breakers,” by H. E. Cox and T. W. Wilcox. A ment of Industry and Commerce of Eire on the Electricity (Supply) Amendment Bill, Tuesday, January 9th.—London.—Lighting 1944, states that the cost of the rural electrifica­ Service Bureau, W.C.2, 5.30 p.m. Illuminating tion programme approved by the Government Engineering Society. “ The Poetry of Light,” is estimated, at pre-war values, at £17,000,000. by R. Gillespie Williams. The main object of the Bill is the provision of a Glasgow.—Royal Technical College, George simple and expeditious means of enabling the Street, 6.15 p.m. I.E.E. Scottish Centre. Electricity Supply Board to prepare and under­ “ Transmission and Distribution of Electricity take, by the authority of Statutory Orders, to Mines,” by B. L. Metcalf. the development of power schemes on any river Wednesday, January 10th. — Bristol. — found suitable. The Erne development is Merchant Venturers’ Technical College, 2.30 estimated to cost £3,500,000 (pre-war basis). p.m. Same as January 8th (Cardiff). Under the Bill the Minister for Finance is Thursday, January 11th.—L ondon.— 39, Vic­ authorised to make advances to the Board for toria Street, S.W.l, 4.30 p.m. Association of the purposes of rural electrification up to a Mining Electrical and Mechanical Engineers maximum of £5,000,000. Only half of this (London Branch). “ Electrical Aspects of total will be repayable by the Board, the other American Mining Machinery,” by R. Crawford. half being made payable to the Central Fund Saturday, January 13th.—London.— L ighting out of voted moneys, thus representing a State Service Bureau, 2, Savoy Hill, W.C.2, 2.15 p.m. grant towards rural electrification. The sum Association of Supervising Electrical Engineers. provided will, it is estimated, suffice to enable “ Theatre Lighting,” by L. G. Applebee. 13 January 5 , 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w All-Electric Kitchens E.D.A. Models for Post-war Houses

ULL-SCALE models of the four all­ As in all four kitchens, the electric cooker electric kitchens designed by the British is of the horizontal type embodying a raised ElectricalF Development Association for post­ oven (thermostatically controlled) and two war houses (see Elec­ trical Review, N ovem ­ ber 17th, page 709) can now be seen at the Building Centre, 23, Maddox Street, Lon­ don, W.l. Two of them are in full work­ ing order and practical tests have been made

General view of kitchen N o . I by housewives and cooking experts who are submitting reports to the A ssociation. In the first model a dining kitchen (134 sq. ft.) has a laundry utility room (60 sq. ft.) adjoining. Special attention has been paid to securing a convenient sequence for food preparation, cooking and washing- capacious hot-cupboards. Besides the grill- up. The sink is almost out of sight from the boiler there is one fast hotplate, loaded at meals table, while a separate portable table 2 kW and provided with four-heat control under the counter top next to the refrigerator including simmering. The 4-cu. ft. refriger­ may be used in the centre of the kitchen. ator, built in 3 ft. from the floor, is large enough, in conjunction with adequate wall cupboard accommodation for non-perishable foods, to make a separate larder unnecessary. Fitted in one corner, close to the sink, is a new 20-gal. “ two-in-one ” type water heater serving the whole house. The working area is lighted by two totally- enclosed fittings placed on a diagonal line to avoid shadows, a separate light being pro­ vided over the meals table. A reflector fire fixed over the door from the living-room warms the meals space: it is controlled from a shoulder-high switch near the door. A tubular heater serves as a supplementary source of warmth in the working area, besides furnishing heat for drying teacloths. Three utility plugs are spaced conveniently round the working area, the one forming part of the cooker control unit and intended primarily for the kettle being fitted with its own fuse unit. The utility room contains cupboards for cleaning materials and brooms, as well as the washing machine and an electric drying cupboard large enough for the whole of the family wash. The washing machine may either be used alongside the sink or in front of The new horizontal type cooker which has valuable storage space underneath it. When not in use the top of the machine E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w January 5, 1945 forms an additional table. The plug for the absence of convenient outdoor drying space, iron is fixed high up so that the flexible no attempt has been made to include facilities cord is kept out of the way of the user. for washing clothes in this kitchen, the Kitchen No. 2 (115 sq. ft.) is intended for a house in which meals are taken in a separate dining room or dining recess off the living room. Laundry facilities are provided, a hand-

Sink and washing machine in the utility room of kitchen No. I — .iw . operated wringer being erected on a special bracket between the wash-boiler (of a new square cabinet type) and the sink, so that its operation transfers the clothes from one to the other without heavy lifting. The cook­ ing, heating, water heating and lighting arrangements are similar to those in assumption being that a communal laundry the first kitchen, but an added refinement is will be provided for the use of the tenants. an extract fan, included on account of the An electric convector is shown as an alter­ proximity of the cooker to the living room native to the radiant heaters indicated in the door. A compact design of intake and meter other plans. The very similarly equipped unit is mounted inside the broom cupboard. kitchen No. 4 (68 sq. ft.) is meant for flats of Designed as a dining kitchen for the a higher rental than No. 3 where the tenants prefer to dine in an adjoining room. Special features are the use of fluorescent lighting and a well-arranged service hatch, china cup­ boards and cutlery drawers communicating with the adjacent living room. E.D.A. is to be congratulated not only on the excellence of the designs but also on their presentation, particularly in view of the difficulty of procuring suitable materials, which has made it impossible fully to portray what the post-war kitchens can be. This applies particularly to the colour schemes. It is pointed out that, while the kitchens have been designed primarily for permanent houses, there is no reason why many of their features should not be incorporated in the temporary houses to be built. Engineering Chair at Cambridge A FEW months ago the Institution of Electrical Engineers offered to endow for a period of years a Professorship of Electrical Engineer­ ing at Cambridge. The I.E.E. Journal states that at a Congregation held in November the Grace establishing the professorship was passed by the Regent House. As was reported in the Electrical Review of August 18th last, the acceptance of this offer is a departure from the normal requirement that a professorship shall be permanently endowed. The Council of the Senate recommended that the University “ Two-in-one ” w ater heater, showing foot switch should undertake the responsibility of making any necessary further provision for the professor­ Council-built type of flat, the third model ship if no permanent endowment were obtained (88 sq. ft.) is fitted with a cooker, refrigerator from external sources. In commenting on the matter we expressed the conviction that the and a slightly smaller water heater (15 gal.) electrical profession and industry would see than in the kitchens already described. On that no financial difficulties interfered with account of the restricted floor space and the operation of this very excellent plan. January 5, 1945 Electrical Review 1 5 Emergency Housing Well-equipped Dwellings at Poplar OPLAR can claim the distinction of The washboiler prosided can be housed P being one o f the few places where under the sink unit when not in use and there emergency bungalows have actually been is room in one comer of the kitchen for a built and are in use. About 250 “ Uni- washing machine or drying cabinet. The Seco ” wood and asbestos insulated tem­ kitchen, which m easures 12 ft. by 9 ft., is porary hutments have now been completed warmed by a new type of inset convector. and are fully equipped with electric lighting, Operating in conjunction with a 20-gallon cooker, 3-k\V washboiler. and 1-kW radiator 3-kW “ two-in-one ” " Sadia ” water heater in one of the bedrooms. (which by the use of two elements gives a A specimen " Arcon ” house, which will be small quantity of hot w ater immediately and occupied shortly, is much more extensively the full 20 gallons in a short time) is a “ Sadia equipped with elec­ trical apparatus. One of the “ Poplar ” kitchen units designed by Mr. R. Illingworth, electrical engineer and general manager of the Poplar Electricity De­ partment, incorporates a cooker, refrigerator, airing cupboard, clock, air extract fan and a plug for kettle and iron, as well as ample cupboard and shelf space. Any make of cooker or refrigerator or any other apparatus can be accommodated in this kitchen unit.

Above: “ Poplar” kitchen unit in an “Arcon” house. Left: “ Sadia” water heater and ” Circoil ” unit

Circoil ” unit which takes the form of a spiral of piping inserted in the chimney stack of a solid fuel space heating stove and connected with a calorifier in the water heater tank. The elements of the water heater are thermo­ statically controlled. Four plug points are provided in the living room and three in each of the bedrooms. Only three fuses (single-pole) are provided, for lighting, power ring main and kitchen unit. Throughout this house and the “ Uni- Seco ” hutments the new Dorman and Smith fused plug and sockets are employed. Occupiers of the “ Uni-Seco ” hutments are receiving their supplies of electricity' at lid. per kWh through prepayment meters, this charge including all rentals, while fcr the “ Arcon ” house the tariff will be 2s. f d. per week fixed charge and fd. per kWh. 16 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w January 5 , 1 9 4 5 Views on the Hews Reflections on Current Topics

T is pleasant after five years of manufac­ When they are freed from their wartime I turing restrictions to be able to write of duties cooker manufacturers will be able to domestic apparatus production again. Plans turn their attention to making cookers in are being made for the manufacture of large numbers but at the moment, with their appliances in increasing numbers and some available factory capacity, they may find it of them at any rate have got past the proto­ difficult to meet the increasing demands. type stage. This month should see the first Accordingly it may well be that, should gas of the mass-produced cookers which have cooker manufacturers be in a better position been specially designed by members of the to turn their attention to their peacetime B.E.A.M.A. Domestic Cooking Section for products, local authorities may, on account installation in “ emergency ” houses. of the extreme urgency of the matter, be per­ I saw the prototype of these cookers a few suaded to accept whatever apparatus is avail­ weeks ago and it should be possible to give able. So now it seems largely up to manu­ full details very shortly. There is nothing facturers how many of the bungalows can be “ utility ” about it (in the derogatory sense adequately electrified. of that term) and the high quality achieved * * * both in design and appearance is a strong argument for standardisation and mutual After Durham and Lincoln, a row over co-operation in mass production. Even proposed power station extensions is brewing in other models which manufacturers will at York. The matter has been raised in the produce standardisation will be found in a Yorkshire Post by Captain W. Braxton marked degree in such matters as dimensions Sinclair, who says that the proposal to erect and replaceable parts. three 170-ft. high cooling towers at the power * * * station will have a disastrous effect upon the whole aesthetic character of the city. He A few weeks ago it was reported that contends that any new plant required could orders for the kitchen units for the first be erected somewhere else; or alternatively that 93.000 houses were to be in the ratio of two there is enough water in the Ouse to make to one in favour of gas. But, as was pointed cooling towers unnecessary. out in the Electrical Review, the pre-w ar ratio The Dean of York says: “ If. so much power was about four to one, so that the growing and efficiency can be packed in the compass preference for electricity has not been ignored. o f an aeroplane or a ship of war—incidentally Aiso it must not be forgotten that the con­ making these craft beautiful as well as tracts are only the initial ones and that future efficient—it is unbelievable that electrical orders can be adjusted to meet the demand. engineers cannot find a way to erect a plant Actually, from a study of the choice of that will not lay that devastation of ugliness local authorities so far, particularly those upon our landscape.” The Dean cannot getting a thousand or more in the first realise the amount of spares and maintenance allocation, it seems that those people who which the use of aero engines would involve, thought that at least half of the houses apart from other minor difficulties. should be all-electric were if anything under­ estimating the demand. Some authorities * * * want all their houses to be electric, among It is hoped in a comment in this issue on the them being Sunderland (1,000 houses in the new Professional Engineers’ Appointments first allocation) and Bedford (143). Hull Bureau that the question of adequate remun­ Corporation, after deciding to have the first eration will not be overlooked. Many 100 houses all-electric, has followed up with recent instances have underlined the necessity a vote for two-thirds of the next thousand to for attention to this point. In the Daily be electric. At Norwich 680 of the first Telegraph of December 22nd, an A.M.I.E.E. thousand bungalows are to be electric, while said that he was working fifty-four hours a among those authorities wanting “ fifty- week or more for a salary at the rate of £7 a fifty ” are Manchester (total of first allocation week, while workers in aircraft factories, 3,000), Croydon (1300), Portsmouth (1,400) presumably without his qualifications, receive and Coventry (1,000). In fact I have only much higher pay. The trouble is that even heard of one town so far getting more than if he could find a better post he couldn’t take 1.000 houses in the first allocation which it because his employers are able to prevent wants less than half the houses all-electric. his leaving them. If the job is worth only £7 a Furthermore, all the 250 “ Uni-Seco ” hut­ week and the correspondent thinks he is above ments which Poplar has already erected, are this grade he is being wasted and something equipped with electric lighting, cooker, wash- should be done about it. boiler, and a bedroom radiator. REFLECTOR January 5, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w 17 COMMERCE and INDUSTRY Wigan Overhead Line Inquiry. Negotiated Plant Contracts.

New Essential Work Order Evidence showed that the present rates for a 47-hour week were as follows:—Ordinary HE Minister of Labour and National Service skilled inspectors, 114s. 6 d.; floor inspectors, T has made an Order, incorporating in the 119s. 6 d. ; and leading inspectors, 124s. 6 d. Essential Work (Building and Civil Engineering) The company contended that the three grades Order, 1942, provisions corresponding to those were already being paid 15s., 20s. and 25s. contained in the Essential Work (General respectively above the nationally agreed rate. Provisions) Order, 1944. The Order, the Having carefully considered the statements Essential Work (Building and Civil Engineering) and submissions, the Tribunal in its Award Order, 1944, came into force on January 1st. No. 670, finds that the claim has not been The purpose of the new Order is to improve established. the method of dealing with cases of persons dis­ missed on the ground of serious misconduct Circular Cooker by making it possible, where the Local Appeal Board has found that dismissal was not justified A complete break-away from conventional on grounds of serious misconduct but reinstate­ design has been achieved in the electric cooker ment is nevertheless not directed, for the worker to be given a right to guaranteed wages under the Order for the period between the date of dismissal and the date on which the final decision is communicated to the parties con­ cerned. Two minor amendments of a technical character are also made. One relates to the calculation of the net guaranteed wage payable to a successful appellant who has been in other employment since he was provisionally dis­ missed for serious misconduct; the other defines what is meant by the exclusion from the Order of members of the armed forces of the Crown. Erection of Overhead Line Mr. A. D. Erskine, O.B.E., of the Electricity Commission, and Mr. A. R. Dent, of the Ministry of Town and Country Planning, held an inquiry at Wigan into the appeal by the Lancashire Electric Power Co., Ltd., under Section 10 of the Town and Country Planning Act, against a condition imposed by Wigan Rural District Council in granting permission for the erection of a low-voltage overhead electric line for the supply of electricity to Beechwood Colliery, Harrock Hill, Wrightington. It was stated that the approval of the Wigan Council was a limited one and provided for the erection of an overhead line for the period of the war, after which the main would have to be placed underground. This work, the company stated, would cost a total of £534. Wigan Council’s objection to the overhead line was that it would injure the amenities of the district and detract from the beauty of the view. The inspectors visited the area. A decision Circular cooker recently introduced in Argentina will be announced later. illustrated. Produced by Francisco Salamone, Inspectors’ Remuneration it has been introduced in Argentina for use in domestic kitchens. The National Arbitration Tribunal on December 13 th heard evidence in a claim by London J.E.A. Repair Depot members of the Amalgamated Engineering Union employed as inspectors by Ferranti, Ltd., After considering architects’ reports on the for an increase of 1 0 s. a week on the rates of extension of the existing cooker and other pay already in force for the three grades of apparatus repair shop at Burford and, as an inspectors. The claim was based on the grounds alternative, the erection of a suitable building at that men in the production department whose Leatherhead, the Local Distribution Committee work had to be examined by the inspectors of the London and Home Counties J.E.A., has were earning more than the inspectors and that recommended the adoption of the latter alter­ the rates paid to the latter were not commen­ native. It is proposed that meter testing should surate with the ability demanded of them. still be carried out at Burford and that the E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w January 5 , 1 9 4 5

vacated buildings there should ■ be used as a that the Central Electricity Board controls the ^ 1 depot for the mains department of the Corporation’s power stations as regards the. Leatherhead and Dorking areas. An exact generation of electricity. The Heavy Electrical estimate of the cost of the Leatherhead extension Plant Committee, a wartime creation of the cannot be given but it is thought that the cost Ministry of Production, says, through its chair­ will be in the neighbourhood of £15,500. man, that a general reversion to competitive tender would have most serious and far-reaching “ Hope for the North-East ’ ’ effects because of the wartime demands on the productive capacity of the manufacturers of Under this title the Newcastle-upon-Tyne heavy electrical plant. Whilst the Electricity Branch of the Association of Scientific Workers Commission and the Heavy Electrical Plant has published a survey of industry on the North- Committee, adds the report, do not possess any East Coast with suggestions for ensuring the specific powers to enforce their requirements, maximum employment in the area. The pro­ indirectly the financial and other controls which posals for finding work for over 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 extra they exercise are considerable, and, as a last men during the first five post-war years are resort, the powers to make Orders under the based largely on the efficient use of coal in the Defence Regulations are available to them, an chemical and power industries. Improved transport and housing, the maintenance of the example of which the Committee has recently agricultural industry developed during the war experienced in connection with its proposals to increase tariffs. and the re-orientation of the fishing industry are The Electricity Commissioners have informed also dealt with. Reference is made to finance, research and education. Birkenhead Electricity Committee (hat they do not require the Corporation to obtain com­ petitive tenders in respect of plant required for Farmers and Electricity the proposed new generating station at Brom- The Farmer and Stockbreeder reports that at borough and raise no objection to orders being the last meeting of the Council of the National placed with the manufacturers approved by the Farmers’ Union news was given of the Union’s Heavy Electrical Plant Committee. Negotia­ delegates to New Zealand. They were said to tions are proceeding for the acquisition of the have been impressed by the abundant and cheap site of the new station. supply of electricity to New Zealand farms. It was also announced that following informal Retail Sales Without Licence discussions with the Incorporated Association of Electric Power Companies it was proposed to Henry Milliken, trading as Lauder’s Radio, set up a joint liaison committee. The proposal 824, London Road, Glasgow, was fined £30 was approved and four representatives to the with the alternative of three months’ imprison­ committee were appointed. ment at Glasgow Sheriff Court recently for a contravention of the Location of Retail New Foster Subsidiary Businesses Order, 1942. Defendant admitted having sold flash-lamp batteries and bulbs, Foster Electrical Supplies, Ltd., Morden electrical fittings, cycle repair outfits and Road, South Wimbledon, S.W.19, whose regis­ accessories without the authority of a licence tration was recorded in the Electrical Review of from the Board of Trade. Mr. T. H. Souter December 22nd, is a subsidiary of Foster Trans­ (Depute-Fiscal) stated that in this particular formers & Switchgear, Ltd., within the Lanca­ area there were already five shops within a shire Dynamo & Crypto group of companies. short distance retailing similar articles. Its purpose is to deal with the lamp sales and other sections separately from the manufacturing Fatalities side of the business. The directors are Messrs. Milton V. Ely (chairman), A. J. Sturgeon Bathroom Fatality. — A fifteen-year-old (managing) and R. V. Ely ; the new company apprentice electrician, Peter Robert Smith, of commenced operations on January 1st. It is Upminster, who had warned members of his stated that the sales policy inaugurated by the family not to use an electric bowl fire in the original Foster Engineering Co., Ltd., in 1907, bathroom, did so himself and received a fatal for which the chairman and managing director shock. This was stated at the inquest at were responsible, will be continued. Romford last week. A label attached to the fire also gave a warning against taking it into a Placing of Contracts bathroom unless it was permanently fixed out o f reach. A verdict o f “ A ccidental death ” was The Sheffield Corporation Electricity Com­ recorded. mittee recently placed a contract amounting to '£69,448 for a cooling tower at the Neepsend Cable Jointer’s Death.—At an inquest at generating station with Mitchell Engineering, Sheffield on Albert Edward Gillott (43), a Ltd., without inviting competitive tenders. The jointer employed by the Sheffield Corporation City Council called for a report by the Electricity Electricity Department, who met his death at an Committee upon this action, and this has now electricity substation, a verdict of “ Death by been presented to the Council. In the report it misadventure ” was recorded. Gillott was is stated that the town clerk had asked Sir John electrocuted while working on a cable which Kennedy, deputy chairman of the Electricity was believed to be dead. The coroner said Commission, whether he would have suggested that responsibility for identifying the cable was that the contract should be negotiated, or that Gillott’s own, and he was satisfied that the man competitive tenders should be obtained. Sir was given sufficient instruction to enable him to John replied that at the time he would certainly identify it correctly. have suggested, in fact recommended, that a Another Jointer Killed.—A verdict of contract should be negotiated with a single firm. accidental death was returned at the inquest In the course of its report the Committee states on December 26th on Geoffrey N. Lee a jointer January 5, 19 4 5 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w 19 employed by Kettering Electricity Department, various authorities from 1907, when the relative who was found dead near a transformer kiosk strengths of single and double poles were first at Thorpe Malsor (near Kettering) on December published, with revisions and additions to meet 22nd. At the inquest, Lee’s mate said that they changes in regulations or new developments, were installing electricity at a farm when such as the “ Rutter” pole. It is hoped to issue witness suddenly found that Lee was not with additional tables after the war, when the him, and looking for him found him lying on question of revising standard conductor sizes the ground a few yards away from a trans­ with different wind and ice loadings has been former kiosk, holding an electric drill connected determined and records of experience with to equipment in the box. When witness touched light-line construction are available. the drill he received a shock so he pulled the leads out of the box. Lee had used the drill Power Engineers’ Salaries two days before when it seemed to be in order. The rise in the cost of living during the past Reginald Groome, assistant mains engineer, six months necessitates an increase in the said that he had examined the equipment and salaries of the technical staffs employed in found the drill and kiosk equipment in good electricity supply undertakings. We hope to order. If the wires were interchanged the case publish the revised schedule in our next issue. of the drill would have become alive. In a poor light it was possible for the colours of the Inquiry from New Zealand wires to be confused. No previous complaints had been made about the drill. The London agents of New Zealand importers R.A.F. Officer’s Death.—Squadron-Leader inform us that their principals wish to obtain a Arthur Stanhope Owen (37), a senior flying sole New Zealand agency for sewing machine control officer, recently received a fatal electric motors. We shall be pleased to pass on the shock while helping to lay a new type of electric names of any interested manufacturers. flare path. At the inquest a verdict of “ Death by misadventure ”, was recorded. E.I.B.A. (Northern Counties) The annual general meeting of the Northern Coal Shortage in Australia Counties Area of the Electrical Industries Benevolent Association will be held on Monday, The Australian Fuel and Coal Co-ordination January 29th, at 3.30 p.m., at Tilley’s Restaurant, Committee has reported to the Federal Govern­ Blackett Street, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, under ment on proposals for the rationing of electricity the chairmanship of Mr. E. Charlton. and gas throughout the Commonwealth: Executives of electricity generating stations are Machine Shop Lighting in regular consultation to ensure united action. Shortage of coal supplies, with no apparent Because of the exacting visual tasks carried improvement in outlook owing to the many on in their works, Mellor, Bromley & Co., Ltd., strikes, has led to developments which are now Leicester, recently completely reorganised their becoming serious. machine shop. The overhead shafting and belting has been removed, each machine tool Oxford Exhibition individually motorised, and a completely new An exhibition of post-war electrical appliances lighting system installed. The scheme was pre­ and a modern all-electric kitchen is being held pared to give a service intensity of 15 ft.-candles, jointly by the City of Oxford Electricity Supply supplemented by local lighting units in special Department and the Wessex Electricity Co. at cases where the operational point was other the Electricity Showrooms, 37, George Street, than the horizontal, or where other difficulties Oxford. It is being opened to-day (Friday) by prevailed. To illuminate the shop 203 300-W, Captain Quintin Hogg, M.P. 62 200-W and 16 150-W “ Mazda” lamps housed in “ Mazdaluz ” l.t. dispersive overlamp Electric Discharge Lamps reflectors were used. “ Mazdalux ” three-arm adjustable-arm reflectors with B.T.H. 3-phase In view of the issue of the Discharge Lamp s.f.t. transformer units were installed for local Lighting (Revocation) Order, 1944 (S.R. & O. lighting using 50-V “ Mazda ” lamps. There 1370), which revokes the control O rder of 1943 are approximately 60 of these units. The (S.R. & O. 1201), the War Emergency Code of installation was carried out by the Electrical Practice C.P.3.1944, “ Limitation of Electric Equipment Co. (Leicester), Ltd. Discharge Lamp Lighting,” is now inoperative. Peruvian Electrical Imports Change of Address During the June quarter imports of electrical The Federation of Associations of Specialists apparatus into Peru were valued at 2,967,000 and Sub-Contractors has moved to Millbank soles (£114,000) against 3,263,000 soles House, 2, Great Peter Street, London, S.W.l (£125,500) in the June quarter of 1943. (telephone: Whitehall 9609). Strength of Wooden Poles Calendars An abridged edition (27 pp.) of Wade's A special hatching calendar which will prove Tables for pocket use has now been made useful to all who run incubators has been issued available at 5s. by Gabriel, Wade & English, by Lawrence G. Western (Incubators), Ltd., of Ltd., Gilberdyke, Brough, East Yorks. This East Hanningfield, Chelmsford. A charge of includes twenty-four tables giving particulars Is.- will be divided equally between the Red of strength and other characteristics of single Cross Agriculture and Electrical Industry Funds. “ A,” “ H ” and “ Rutter ” wooden poles under Calendar refills are now available from various conditions likely to be encountered in Brookhirst Switchgear, Ltd., on request from practice. The data have been compiled by holders of the company’s calendar frame, a Mr. Christopher Wade in collaboration with nominal charge of 3d. being made. 2 0 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w January 5, 1945 Export Trade Pre-requisites for Post-War Expansion

HE Government’s aim out­ By “ Sala ” returns. It is a heavy expense T lined in the White Paper on which manufacturers m ust make Employment Policy, namely, to endeavour to and one which will be even greater if they are bring about conditions favourable to the main­ to meet the keen competition of the manu­ tenance of a high level of employment, by facturers of other nations in the post-war which it appreciates the necessity of expanding drive for export markets. our export trade, will no doubt have led many The Government must remove the fear manufacturers to give serious consideration of many manufacturers that export trade is to the possibilities of export trade as soon as a gamble in which the manufacturer is always circumstances will permit. on the losing side, and do what it can to Events have been very discouraging to convince them that they are not going to be exporters and their sad experience of markets misled by a short period of prosperity with becoming closed to them—markets on which no assurance that it will continue. The they had expended much money in adver­ Government can assist, through its trade tising and popularising their products— departments, by making readily available compel them to treat with caution the pros­ to industry all the information and statistics pects of a bright but brief period of false it can glean which might encourage manu­ prosperity in conducting new trade with facturers to make their bids for export countries which they were not supplying markets. Let it provide that information before the war. in a simple and lucid manner. If it expects During this war the Government first so much of industry it must play its part in encouraged then later discouraged export assisting it to obtain the desired results. trade with certain overseas countries. These Appointment of Agents conflicting decisions were no doubt very necessary but they brought results which Efficient and adequate selling and distri­ were neither encouraging nor profitable to butive organisations are needed to assist many manufacturers. Opportunities for home manufacturers to build up their sales greatly expanding their former exports and abroad. It should not be beyond the bounds commencing new business in other countries of possibility to prepare, with the co-operation will exist, but the great Outlay of money and. of the Government Departments of other energy in securing and establishing these countries, a list of dependable overseas agents markets demands some real guarantee that in various trades, particularly in those Con­ the results of whatever efforts the manu­ tinental countries where tariffs previously facturers make will be lasting. excluded many British manufacturers. No manufacturer can get on with his job of Protection in Overseas Countries developing new export trade if he is at the In considering the possibilities for new same time experimenting with one unsuitable export trade with overseas countries which agent after another. were closed to them before the war owing to The manufacturer realises that in endeav­ tariff barriers, manufacturers fear that when ouring to secure and develop Continental the industries of those countries get working markets he will have to visit them himself fully again, the tariff barriers will reappear. and probably do a large amount of the Again, in the. Dominions particularly, many initial spade-work. Nevertheless, many new industries have commenced since the manufacturers, particularly the smaller ones, war started and these will probably be encour­ will still need a reliable agent with an ade­ aged to continue. However, the manufacturer quate organisation to handle and distribute who has a rival in the country where he has their goods. The proper development of formerly had a good sale for his product those markets can never be achieved if they need not assume that these new industries have no representatives in those countries to will necessarily serve the total requirements assist the sales and carry stocks to meet the of that country. demands which it is hoped to create. Farther All these points lead to one conclusion. afield in Europe, in Asia and in the East, The Government must make known as soon the need for reliable agents is even more as possible how it proposes to deal with the apparent and a process of trial and error is question of assuring manufacturers that very undesirable. their efforts will be worth while. It must Finally, over-cautiousness on the part of appreciate the very high cost to manufac­ manufacturers will inevitably lead to the loss turers of introducing and popularising their of overseas markets. It is up to them to goods in a new market—a cost which can have their plans ready, judiciously choosing only be based on a long-term policy and as their objects the markets of those countries for some time will be out of all proportion to where, in their judgment, the greatest scope January 5 , 1 9 4 5 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w 21 exists for their products. They should, how- ness. Generally, it will be found that keen ever>. keep ip tnind all the time the sales competition for the markets will necessitate possibilities in other markets and be ready prices which show only a small margin of to enter those markets as soon as they are profit, but rather than be discouraged by this convinced that the expenditure of money and meagre margin the manufacturer must strive effort will be worth while. Let them get out to achieve his ends by going full out to secure of their heads any idea that export trade the maximum sales. Such expansion of his will be a highly profitable venture. It can regular trade will no doubt give him oppor­ be, if based on a maximum volume of busi­ tunities for economies in manufacture. Electrical Materials The Trend of Supply and Demand

This review, prepared for us by the Metal that the light metal will be available after Information Bureau, shows that, generally, the the war at relatively lower prices than was the metals employed in the electrical industry were case up to 1939. in adequate supply during 1944. Stocks o f natural rubber were further reduced but the Tin output of the synthetic type continued to rise. Tin consumption having been previously brought into line with supplies still available Copper to the Allies, the past year witnessed no HE past year has seen war demand for particular problems so far as supplies of raw T copper in Britain pass its peak. Towards metal were concerned. There are good the end of the year the Ministry of Supply grounds for believing that when tin supplies declined to renew its buying contracts with are freely available again many consumers Empire producers on the same scale as in will wish to return to pre-1942 standards in previous years. With the Government the such items as solder, tinplates, bronzes, etc., only buyer of copper here and Continental as in few instances have the low tin or tinless countries not yet in a position to buy freely substitutes which have of necessity been used Empire producers are in a very difficult proved thoroughly satisfactory. Producers position, and protracted negotiations have are looking ahead and considering plans for been going on (and at the time of writing are restoring production in Malaya and the Dutch still unconcluded) with a view to reaching a East Indies, notably as regards placing orders solution of the problem. for dredges which take anything up to three In the United States, demand for copper years to build and install. There seems has remained very active through the greater general agreement in the industry that more part of the year, taking a fresh upward trend must be spent on research and development in the closing weeks with the increased work after the war. American stocks have demand for ammunition. At various times been eaten into during the past year, but are during the year the American authorities still believed to amount to upwards of 110,000 expressed fears of a shortage of copper, but tons. these did not actually materialise. It was possible, in fact, to build up reserve stocks Lead of the metal to an estimated current level of No serious lead supply problems have been 400,000 short tons. On both sides of the faced by the Allies during Jhe past year, Atlantic an easing of the testrictions on the consumption in this country having been use of copper developed as the year advanced, tightly controlled, particularly in the early but in Britain shortage of labour and lack of months. This was necessitated by shipping manufacturing capacity for civilian goods scarcity as much as on account of the metal prevented any very substantial production of itself. Towards the end of the year it was non-essential articles. found possible for the Control to release If the European war ends this year, war more metal for civilian consumption, par­ needs of copper will suffer a sharp reduction, ticularly for pipes and sheets and other and until the undoubtedly large potential building trade products. The battery industry civilian requirements of the Allies and was consistently busy throughout the year, liberated countries can be translated into and was probably the largest individual firm orders, a period of surplus production consumer of lead. Cable makers also con­ may well ensue, aggravated by the undoubt­ tinued to take large quantities, although edly large tonnages of war scrap that will consumption in this direction showed some come back on to the market. falling off so far as war needs were concerned Increased competition may be expected to towards the end of the year. Undoubtedly develop from aluminium in the electrical and there will be a very big demand for lead for other fields as it now seems fairly certain cables and batteries when housing and other 2 2 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w January 5, 1945 civilian requirements and overseas orders can essential production but labour and plant are be freely met, but labour scarcity and lack not. The aluminium industry of the world of plant facilities restrict activity. is fully aware of the task facing it in finding outlets for its present huge potential produc­ Zinc tion, and a determined effort will undoubtedly The tight supply position which prevailed be made to expan'd the use of this metal in during most of 1943 gradually gave way to the land, sea and air sections of the transport a very comfortable situation in 1944, and by industry, in construction work and in the the end of that year zinc was sufficiently electrical field, as well as in domestic hollow- plentiful to be released for almost any purpose ware and other directions. It is fully anti­ provided labour and manufacturing facilities cipated that prices will be lower in relation to could be obtained. But the change-over to other metals than they were before the war. civilian production has not yet reached large dimensions as labour is not available, al­ Rubber though the way has been cleared for expansion Very heavy war requirements during the as soon as other conditions permit. The past year have resulted in Allied reserve brass trade has become definitely quieter stocks of natural rubber being severely de­ during the year owing to a falling off in direct pleted, and as the end of the year approached war orders which has been only partially consumption had to be reduced to the offset by civilian production. So far as can absolute minimum. Output of synthetic be seen at present there is no likelihood of rubber, particularly in America, has mean­ shortage of raw zinc supplies holding up while risen to high levels. For most purposes manufacturing activity in the brass, zinc alloy a proportion of natural rubber has to be die-casting, zinc rolling and other zinc­ mixed with the synthetic, and although this consuming trades when conditions permit. is in adequate supply the situation is acute so far as natural rubber is concerned. Aluminium There seems little chance of improvement Aluminium, after ranking as one of the until Malaya and the Dutch East Indies are major “ scarcity ” metals in the early years of freed. How long it will be after the Japanese the war, became a “ surplus ” metal during are evicted before the plantations can be put 1944. The tremendous expansion in produc­ into full production it is as yet impossible to tive capacity more than met all war needs, say. It is perhaps interesting to note that and as a result both in America and in this British imports of natural and synthetic country output has had to be cut down, but rubber in 1943 were 78,000 tons compared even so large stocks have accumulated. with 65,000 tons in 1942 and a wartime peak Metal is now freely available for non­ of 203,000 tons in 1940.

Engineers’ Appointments Bureau Three Institutions as Sponsors N the December Journal of the Institution Each committee will comprise the five members I of Electrical Engineers the early setting-up of the board nominated by the institution of a Professional Engineers’ Appointments concerned with six additional members Bureau is foreshadowed. The Bureau is being nominated by that institution. formed under the joint auspices of the three The objects of the Bureau are defined as leading institutions but distinct from them as follows:—To receive inquiries from employers the terms of their charters do not cover such and to seek to meet their needs. To receive activities as thjs. The Institution has been applications for registration for employment advised, however, that it is not improper for from engineers who by reason of their qualifica­ the Council to take an interest in the affairs tions are members of the Institutions of Civil, of a body distinct from the Institution and Mechanical or Electrical Engineers, or from constituted as a separate entity, by nominating persons whose engineering qualifications for to its governing board such engineers as the election or admission to one of those bodies Council may select. have been approved by the respective councils. The Bureau’s principal aim is the resettle­ To keep lists of organisations willing to receive ment into normal positions of engineers whose engineering pupils, apprentices or assistants services have been devoted to special work under agreement. To give advice generally in during the war. In this it will co-operate with matters relating to the employment of the Ministry of Labour in the machinery which professional engineers. is being set up for guiding and planning the The Institutions cannot directly contribute redistribution of technical man-power in the the funds necessary to establish the Bureau years immediately after the war. The governing before it becomes self-supporting (from regis­ board will consist of the presidents and tration and engagement fees). Consequently secretaries of the three institutions together with letters are being sent to the members of the three nominees from each of their councils— three institutions and other organisations which fifteen in all. Under the board there will be will benefit from the Bureau’s operations three committees dealing respectively with asking them to contribute to the Bureau’s civil, electrical and mechanical engineers. funds. January 5, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w 2 3 Transformer Protection Differential Circulating-Current Principle

F the differential circulating- By H . E. Forrest currents in the current trans­ « current protection schemes formers are equal in magnitude the Merz-Price arrangement is the most usual. and in phase and no current flows in the relay This system, when applied to power trans­ circuit. Any fault which upsets this current formers, affords protection against phase-to- balance will result in a current flowing through phase and, where the transformer neutral is the operating coil of the relay as shown in earthed, against phase-to-earth faults. When Fig. 1 (b). Where the current transformers the neutral point is not earthed only capacity are accurately matched the system is stable currents, which may be insufficient to operate to through faults, i.e., to faults which occur the relay, flow when a phase-to-earth fault outside the zone bounded by the transformers. occurs. The Merz-Price scheme does not The primary current ratings of the current give a direct indication o f an inter-turn transformers are inversely proportional to fault on any one winding unless the resulting the voltages of the main transformer windings out-of-balance current actuates the relay. with which they are associated. The Such a fault, however, generally develops secondary currents are equal. On account into an earth fault with consequent operation. of this balance and the relatively high Merz-Price protection depends upon the impedance of the operating coil no current exact matching of two current transformers flows in the relay circuit. If the current connected in the primary and secondary transformers have similar magnetisation characteristics the system will be stable to through faults. Should a fault occur at point F, Fig. 1 (b), the secondary currents are no longer balanced but differ in magnitude. The difference it—i2 between the two currents flows through the relay coil and if it is sufficiently large operates the relay. Conditions of Balance The ideal conditions of balance shown in Fig. 1 (a) are not easily attained in practice. Errors are introduced by discrepancies between the magnetisation characteristics of the two current transformers. As the primary ratings of the current transformers are inversely proportional to the voltage ratio of the main transformer, if the current transformer in the 6-6-kV winding had a ratio of 600/5 A the secondary current corresponding to a load current of 500 A would be 4-17 A and the difference between the two secondary currents 0-83 A. Unequal balance may be caused by varying the voltage adjusting tappings on the main transformer over a wide range and also by different pilot-lead resistances. The foregoing troubles can generally be overcome by the use of one or more of the following:—Relays which are set to operate on a percentage differential current basis rather than at one fixed current value; restraining coils; tapped current transformers; and equalising auto-transformers. The best possible balance must be obtained, windings of the main transformer. The however, in the design stage and any auxiliary secondary windings of the current trans­ compensation adopted only as a last resort. formers and the relay circuit, which is If the two current transformers have connected across equipotential points, are different magnetisation characteristics large interconnected as shown in Fig. 1 (a). Under out-of-balance currents can occur on heavy normal working conditions the secondary overloads. This is particularly true when 2 4 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w January 5 , 1 9 4 5 bushing-type units are balanced against was very good and the out-of-balance others of the wound-primary type although current never exceeded one ampere for any the same applies equally to current trans­ overload up to and including fifteen times formers of similar construction. If in Fig. 1 (a), normal full load. The out-of-balance was the current transformers on the 6-6-kV side insufficient to trip the relay so that, in this

are bushing-type and those on the 33-kV case, the system would be stable to through side are wound-type units the balance between faults up to fifteen times normal full-load them would probably be good on normal current. As the current transformers cost full load but not under overload conditions. but a fraction of the transformer to be For example, during a test at fifteen times protected a little extra spent on them may normal full load the measured secondary be money well invested. currents in the 6-6-kV and the 33-kV current transformers were respectively 87 and 95 A. Phase Relationship The out-of-balance current was therefore When a three-phase transformer is pro­ 8 A. tected care must be taken in connecting The above test was repeated with the the current transformers to ensure that the bushing-type current transformer replaced phase relationship is identical between the 3 a by a wound-type unit having identical set on the primary and that on the secondary va magnetisation characteristics with the current of the main transformer. Fig. 2 (a) s - s transformer on the 33-kV side. In this illustrates the circuit when Merz-Price Si instance, even allowing for transients, balance protection is applied to a three-phase power January 5, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w 25 transformer connected star-star, i.e., B.S.S. connecting the two sets of current trans­ Group HYyO. There is no phase shift formers this phase shift must be taken into between the windings of the main trans­ account. This is done by connecting the former and, if the two sets of current trans­ two sets star-delta as shown in Fig. 2 (b) from formers are also connected in star, there can which it is obvious that the vector groups of be no phase shift between them. If the power the current transformers have the same transformer has the neutral of one winding phase relationship, i.e., points A* and a4, B4 earthed a circuit exists on that side for a and b4, and C4 and c4 coincide and can, zero-phase-sequence current, while the un­ therefore, be joined together. earthed side is an open circuit to such The current transformers on the star- currents. The current transformers must be connected side of the main transformer delta-connected to suppress this current. must be connected in delta so that any If the sets of current transformers are out-of-balance currents set up by an external connected in star, with a common return, fault circulate in the delta and not in the an unbalanced zero-phase-sequence current relay circuit. The delta-connected current will flow in the protective circuit when an transformers must have a secondary rating external fault occurs and the main trans­ of 5/V3 A. The corresponding line current former carries a zero-phase-sequence current. of 5 A will then balance that from the star- This current may be sufficiently large to connected bank. If the current transformers

(a) (b)

Fig. 3.—Earth fault on lower-voltage side of three-phase step-down transform er, (a) Outside and (b) inside protected circuit trip the relay and the stability of the system were inserted in the phase leads of the delta to through faults is lost. winding of the power transformer no special When the power transformer is connected connection would be required and the set delta-star, i.e., B.S.S. Group 41Dyll, there is could be star-connected. The high-voltage a 30 deg. phase shift between the primary bushings would not, of course, be protected and secondary windings. When inter- if this were done. 26 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w January 5 , 1 9 4 5

At the instant of switching-in the power when a three-phase power transformer, transformer there is a surge of magnetising supplied on the high-voltage side, develops a current in the primary windings. As far as single-phase fault on the lower-voltage side the protective gear is concerned this out-of­ (a) outside and (b) inside the protected zone. balance cannot be distinguished from a In (a) the relay does not operate and the fault and, to prevent operation, the relay system is stable to through faults. In (b) m ust be short-circuited by time-limit “ kick- the relay and the protective gear are caused fuses.” Fig. 3 shows the direction of currents to operate. Two-Stroke Diesel Engine Loasv F u e l C o n s u m p tio n HF. range of Diesel engines made by W. H. oil pump is fitted to the engine to ensure that T Allen, Sons & Co., Ltd., has now been all bearings are adequately supplied with extended by a two-stroke design rated at 135 lubricant before starting up. Compressed air BHP per cylinder at 375 RPM and built in at 300 lb. per sq. in. is employed for starting, sizes ranging from three to eight cylinders. and is admitted to three cylinders by independent We recently inspected a six-cylinder, 810 BHP starting valves actuated from the camshaft. engine of this type on the test bed. It is of the For this type of engine an enclosed cooling vertical, airless injection, compressed-ignition water system is preferred and an integral cooling type, with cylinder dimensions of 11-42 in. bore, and 18 -52 in. stroke and a piston speed of 1,156 ft. per min. Scavenging is on the Harland & Wolff—Burmeister & Wain uniflow system, in which inlet air is passed to a belt around the cylinder liners by a positive-displacement rotary blower of the Rootes type, the whole periphery being available for inlet ports which are designed to give a vertical swirl to the scavenge air. At the end of the power stroke, inlet air under pres­ sure enters the cylinder through the uncovered inlet ports and sweeps the gases out of the cylinder through two vertical poppet valves, which are operated by a single push rod and forked rocker lever. At full load, the engine works at the conservative B.M.E.P. of 75-5 lb. per sq. in., and low fuel con­ sumption of 0-37 lb. per BHP-hr. Six-cylinder, 810-BHP Allen two-stroke Diesel engine direct at which the temperature of the coupled to a 550-kW alternator exhaust gases is 665 deg. F. Fuel consumption per BHP and exhaust tempera­ water pump passes the water through the ture at other loads are: i load, 0-53 lb. and cylinder block to a heat exchanger. Ail parts 300 deg. F; i load, 0-41 lb. and 420 deg. F; of the engine are readily accessible. f load, 0-375 lb. and 545 deg. F. C.A.V. injectors and individual fuel pumps are fitted to each cylinder, the fuel pumps being operated Engine Research by the governor through rack rods. The fuel EFORE the war the internal-combustion first passes through twin-compartment filters to B engine industry of this country made a large the fuel pumps and thence to an individual edge- contribution to our export trade. To enhance type filter at the inlet to each of the fuel injectors. the national importance of the industry co­ The governor is of the spring-loaded centri­ ordinated research on a basis covering the fugal type gear-driven from the camshaft whole industry is necessary, and to this end the through a flexible coupling. It is mounted as a non-profit-making British Internal Combustion self-contained unit, and so designed that, after Engine Research Association was formed. uncoupling the operating link, the complete The three principal aims in engine research on unit can be removed. The speed may be varied the “ whole industry ” basis are the attainment through a wide range, while running, by a hand­ of maximum reliability, higher functional wheel on the governor. The engine speed is at efficiency, and lower all-in costs. An important all times controlled by the governor between the step forward has just been taken by the Associa­ limits prescribed in B.S. 649/1935. tion in obtaining laboratory and allied premises, The forced-lubrication oil pump, of the gear equipment and a number of skilled personnel, type, is driven from the free end of the crank­ ready for immediate service, and with room for shaft, and supplies oil through an oil cooler and expansion. The group of buildings at which a double-compartment gauze filter to the engine research is already in progress is at Buckingham pressure system. A hand-priming lubricating Avenue, Slough. January 5, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w 27 Scottish Inquiry Objections Against Hydro-Electric Schemes

A LLEGATIONS that the erection of a Peattie said that in Central and South Scotland generating and pumping station on Loch requirements in 1947 were estimated at 868,000 Lomondstde, as proposed by the North of kW compared with 580,000 kW in 1938. They Scotland Hydro-Electric Board, would seriously hoped to get from extensions at Bonnybridge interfere with amenities and the supply of and Glasgow an additional 19,000 and 90,000 water for post-war residential and industrial kW, respectively, and from Loch Sloy roughly development in Western Scotland, were con­ 100,000 kW. sidered at an inquiry in the Court of Session, Mr. S. B. Donkin, one of the five technical Edinburgh, last week. advisers to the North of Scotland Board, gave The chief objectors, Dumbarton County evidence bearing on the costs and capacity of Council, stated that Loch Sloy, from which the the Sloy scheme. He said he had made an generating station would be fed, had been estimate of the capital cost at present-day earmarked as a potential source of water supply, prices and the figure was £4,100,000, including and that appropriation of the water by the lands, civil engineering work, etc. He considered Board would seriously affect development. The that it would not be possible to build a new Council also wished to preserve Loch Lomond- steam station in Scotland which could deliver side amenities. Objections were also lodged by energy to the C.E.B. system in Glasgow at a Perth, Kinross and Inverness County Councils, lower cost than from the Sloy scheme. Mr. the inquiry being concerned in addition with J. Williamson, another technical adviser, also the Board’s proposals for Morar and Lochalsh. gave evidence. When the inquiry resumed on December 28th, Change of Site Mr. A. E. MacColl, deputy chairman and chief It was announced at the opening of the executive officer of the North of Scotland inquiry that, as the result of boring which failed Board, said he considered that the Loch Sloy to find rock at 60 ft., the original site of the scheme, in spite of the enhanced cost of con­ generating station had been changed. Fear was struction, would be able to deliver power at a expressed by counsel for the objectors that the cheaper rate than any existing power unit. pipe lines, originally planned to be placed in a He gave detailed comparisons, adjusted so as to valley, would as now proposed mar the beauty be strictly comparable, of costs of production of the hillside. at Ironbridge (West Midlands J.E.A.) and at Mr. Hill Watson, for Dumbarton County Loch Sloy. Cost at Ironbridge on a two-part Council, asked that the inquiry should be tariff was £2 12s. 4d. per kW and 0-235d. per postponed for about a month. Amendments kWh. Figures for Sloy would be £2 0s. 1 Id. per which the council had not had time to study kW and 0 0325d. per kWh, on a two-part had been made by the Board. After an adjourn­ tariff. Costs in the case of a steam station built ment the Commissioner (Lt.-Comdr. John at to-day’s capital expenditure of at least £30 Cameron, K.C.) said that, while he felt some per kW would work out at £3 18s. 5d. per sympathy with the objectors, the Board was kW and 0163d. per kWh. charged with an urgent duty the discharge of which was a public interest and could brook no undue delay; therefore the inquiry must Second Distribution Scheme proceed. Distribution Scheme No. 2 of the North of Mr. R. P. Morrison, K.C., for the Board, Scotland Hydro-Electric Board, as approved by said that if the scheme were approved during the Electricity Commissioners, was published on the next few weeks the engineers were emphatic December 20th and can be obtained for 3d. that work, if started early in 1945, could be from the Board’s offices at 16 Rothesay Terrace, completed by the winter of 1947-48. The Edinburgh, 3. It covers two parishes in the scheme was financially and technically sound Morar area in the County of Inverness. The and a market already existed for the energy to Board states that it expects to supply electricity be generated. There had been a cry about to all premises in the area that are within a short amenity, but it was an old cry and perhaps distance of the proposed lines within 1 J to somewhat failing now. In support of the 2 years from the start of construction of Morar scheme, Lord Airlie, chairman of the Board, power station at which the electricity will be said that it was of great importance to the generated. future not only of the Highlands and Scotland Subject to regulations to be made by the generally but of the entire country. Secretary of State, the tariff will be the same as Mr. J. D. Peattie, deputy chief engineer of for No. 1 Distribution Scheme, the publication of the Central Electricity Board, said that if they which was referred to in the Electrical Review of did not get the energy from Sloy in the winter December 29th, viz. for the first 30-36 kWh per of 1947-48 there would be no readily available room per annum, 5d. per kWh; for the next method of making up for the loss. It would nine times that amount, 0-75d.; for all kWh in not be possible to rely on assistance from the excess. 0-5d. It is envisaged that lighting will in grid in neighbouring areas, because the position effect be charged for at the highest rate, cooking, there was equally critical. The C.E.B. viewed ironing, etc., will come on the intermediate scale with the greatest concern any possibility of and space heating and water heating at the delay in the completion of the Loch Sloy project. lowest rate. Attractive rates are to be offered That could not fail to result in a grave risk of for power for the fishing industry at Mallaig curtailment of supplies to consumers in Central and other light industries which are expected to and South Scotland. Cross-examined, Mr. be established in the neighbourhood. 2 8 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w January 5, 1945

himself did not know and certainly could not Television Receivers plan until he knew what was going to be pro­ Frequency or Amplitude Modulation ? duced and at what relative prices. There should DISCUSSION on the television-receiver be a revision of the price structure and the 4 sound channel by the I.E.E. Radio Section selling of coal on relative values as recommended on December 19th was opened by Mr. G. W. by Lord Melchett’s 1926 National Fuel and E d w a r d s , deputising for Dr. D. C. E p s le y . Power Committee. Reference was made to the main points in assess­ The coal industry could not reasonably be ing receiver performance, viz., sound quality, expected to clean coal unless it obtained a fair pre-emphasis of sound, frequency modulation v. and stable relative price for the products. It amplitude modulation (suggesting that wide­ was hoped that at the conference organised by the band amplitude-modulated systems might not Institute of Fuel to be held in Manchester on be markedly inferior in practice), relative February 28th, the coal industry would present powers of sound and vision carriers (justifying a true statement of the costs of cleaning coal and a significant increase of sound-field strength the industrialists would state their real require­ ments. He hoped the Ministry of Fuel and Power by 6 to 1 0 db.), suppression of interference would do something towards standardising (preferably at source), and relationship between qualities of coal at reasonably relative prices. sound and vision carrier frequencies (recom­ mending the B.B.C. practice of placing the It could be done. During the past three years fuel consumption former below the latter). had been reduced by 7 to 10 million tons per Constancy of carrier spacing (sound-vision) annum, valued at £14 to £20 million, without reduced the flexibility of receiver design. In a appreciable capital expenditure. Much of this single-programme system the vision channel saving would be permanent. Since licensing for might be pre-set, and double frequency changing new materials had been permitted within the would enable the sound intermediate frequency last six months, plant to the value of £ 2 million to be placed at a more convenient level. Present had been licensed, which would save a further trends in i.f. amplifier designs would, he 500,000 tons of coal per annum. believed, cause difficulties at high intermediate frequencies. In summing up the subsequent discussion, the chairman said that the rival claims of Technological Education frequency modulation and amplitude modula­ Suggestions by London Conference tion could not be settled by theoretical con­ siderations alone. A big improvement in REPORT recently presented to the London signal-to-noise ratio would have to be proved A County Council by its Education Com­ to justify the higher cost of a frequency- mittee contains a survey and recommendations modulation system. made by a conference of education authorities in London and the Home Counties for presen­ tation to the Departmental Committee for Coal for Industry Higher Technological Education which was Relative Price and Quality appointed in April last. It is recommended that the evidence to be ^«¿PEAKING at the Fuel Luncheon Club on submitted to the Departmental Committee December 21st, D r . E . S. G r u m e l l dis­ should put forward the following points:— cussed standard qualities of coal and reasonably (i) Degree qualifications should be made relative prices. In 1911 Imperial Chemical available for students attending approved Industries installed its first chain-grate stokers technological courses. using a slack which never contained less than (ii) (a) The University of London should be 20 per cent, of ash. The result of successful urged to establish a Faculty of Technology and operation of this and other plants was that the to confer appropriate degrees; (6 ) in the event price of these slacks increased, with the ultimate of the University’s not agreeing to this the result that his company took 75 per cent, of its establishment of a national body for conferring supplies from another coalfield mostly as washed degrees in technology should be urged. graded coal. (iii) The work of technical and art colleges In 1932 his company spent £5,000 on blending should be kept under constant review for the plant in order to use coke breeze. Again the price purpose of ensuring that it is properly co­ went up, this time from 6 s. per ton to 1 2 s. 6 d., ordinated on a regional basis. so that the use of coke breeze was abandoned (iv) (a) In the national interest, it is desirable and it again became a drug on 'the market. to establish a number of advanced technological Later he arranged a contract for 50 per cent, institutions, housed, equipped and conducted slurry, previously regarded as useless, loaded on so as to command respect by world standards; top of 50 per cent, washed slack in wagons. It (b) as an interim measure, pending the estab­ was successfully used, though with difficulty. lishment of the institutions referred to in item At the end of the year the colliery offered to (iv) (a) selected departments in technical colleges renew the contract for another 2 s. per ton. should be developed to the highest level for The contract was not renewed. particular forms of technology. In 1935 his company planned to erect two (v) Having regard to its national importance, pulverised-fuel-fired boilers of 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 lb. per adequate provision should be made for post­ hr. evaporative capacity to use dry fines at graduate study. mutually agreeable prices. Since then flat-rate (vi) The authorities controlling advanced increases raised the price from 14s. per ton to technological courses should give the staff 19s. in 1938 and to 38s. in 1944. It would now concerned every encouragement to undertake pay handsomely to buy washed graded fuel. such research, consulting work and testing for - The producer did not know what the con­ industry as would be likely to enhance the value sumer wanted and, may be, the consumer of their teaching. Join, '"O ’ 5, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w 2 9 EL/ECTRICITT SIJPPLl Hull’s Temporary Houses. New Southend Tariff

fn.mril nURAL SuPPL1ES.—The County the undertaking of the Isle of Thanet Electric ci? u!-rK„HLJecember 2 0 th heard a report from Supply Co., Ltd., on December 31st, 1945. rL m nin ci 9?ilvy on a meeting with the The Electricity Commissioners have now notified ^ Electricity Company. The question them that they can give statutory notice to the of the county taking bulk supplies and doing its company requiring the transfer of the under­ own distribution in villages was raised, but the taking in accordance with the Margate, Broad­ company was against this. The Council’s stairs and District Electricity Act, 1937. representatives also pressed the company to Middlesbrough. — Factory Supply. — The make electricity available to everyone in the Town Council proposes to borrow £3,000 for county. A new agreement with the Grampian supplying electricity to a new factory. Tenders Company for the supply of power to all County are to be obtained for the materials and equip­ Council properties was referred to the Finance Committee. m ent. Nelson.— Power for Cotton M ills. —The Ashton-under-Lyne.—Disposal of Plant.— Town Council has decided to place a report by It was explained at a meeting of the Town the electrical engineer on the use of electricity in Council why the disused electricity generating cotton mills before the Cotton Employers’ plant at the power station had not yet been Association. disposed of. Authority had been given for the sale of the plant for £ 1 2 , 0 0 0 to a firm which, it Preston.— Power Station Extensions.—The *¡18 was understood, intended to dispose of it to Electricity Committee recommends early appli­ the French Government. At the encl of cation to the Electricity Commissioners for November the French Government was still not sanction to borrow £2,127,000 for completing in a position to proceed. The town clerk told the Ribble power station. If sanctioned the the Council that if the plant were to be sold at work is expected to take two or three years. Itffl the moment he was afraid the Corporation Renfrewshire.—Discharge Lighting not Per­ crc2 would not obtain the price it had hoped to get. m i t t e d . —The burgh’s main street lighting by Hull.— G as-Electricity Debate.— A recom ­ new mercury vapour lamps has been banned. k i t mendation of the Housing and Town Planning Now an almost complete black-out prevails in oh i| Committee that two-thirds of the temporary the main streets. The new lamps, which gained wk- for Renfrew the reputation of being the best 'CZ houses should be equipped with electrical domestic equipment and one-third with gas, lighted town in the country, had only been in f o r ® except for lighting, was debated at a special use for a short time when the instructions to meeting of the City Council. extinguish them were issued. It appears that Councillor W. E. Body, who moved an the lamps could not be screened to conform amendment that electricity should be used for with the “ dim-out ” regulations. all purposes in all the houses, said that the Rotherham .—Power Station Extensions.— Council should benefit by past mistakes, and Reporting on the scheme for the extension of quoted the East Hull housing estate where out the Prince of Wales power station the Corpora­ of 2,380 houses, 2,179 were converted from tion Electricity Committee estimates the cost at gas to electricity. The new houses would be £650,000 and states that the extensions include for young people, who were definitely in favour one turbo-generator set of 30,000 kW with of electricity. Councillor E. G. Carr, supporting boiler plant. the amendment, said that gas was going out of Choice of Service.— The Housing Committee date for lighting and would soon be out of date has decided that in all permanent houses electric for cooking. Councillor I. Robinson, another lighting shall be installed and points provided supporter, could not understand why two so that tenants can use gas or electricity for services should be put in when one would do, heating and cooking. and Councillor W. O. Honor quoted figures showing how economical electricity was. Southend-on-Sea.— New Block Tariff. — At The argument that there should be freedom present the Council’s domestic electricity con­ of choice was put forward by Councillor G. K. sumers have a wide choice of tariffs. These rates Spruit, on behalf of the Housing and Town are to be superseded by a new block tariff with a Planning Committee, and Councillor T. R. charge of 5d. per kWh up to a specified quarterly Broadbent made the same point; while agreeing consumption and thereafter-Jd. per kWh, or |d. that most young people would “ plump for where a cooker or water-heater is used. The. electricity,” he considered that many people specified consumption will be calculated by preferred gas for cooking. adding i kWh per £1 of rateable value to a On a division 32 voted for the amendment basic figure of 30 kWh. Prepayment supplies will be 6 d. per kWh, or 6 d. and ^d. where a and 38 against. cooker or water heater is used. All rentals are Ilford —E lectricity P rofit.— R eporting to to be made payable at the end of the quarter the Council on the 1943-44 accounts of the instead of at the beginning, and apparatus now Electricity Department, Alderman C. A. Far- the subject of ‘‘free hire” agreements will be mnn chairman of the Electricity Committee, transferred to simple hire. said that these showed a net profit of £7,169 It is proposed to give all power supplies (apart against a deficit of £1,619 in the previous year. from special contracts) either under a block rate Isle of Thanet.—Proposed Exercise of Pur­ of 3d. per kWh for the first 1,000 kWh per chase Option.— Last September the Margate quarter, 2d. per kWh for the next 5,000 kWh and Broadstairs Councils decided to purchase and Id, thereafter, or under a two-part rate 3 0 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w January 5 , 1 9 4 5 comprising a fixed charge per kVA and a construction of a large new hydro-electric power “ unit ” charge of |d. with coal at 32s. 6 d. per plant on the Kola Peninsula beyond the Arctic ton (variation 0 005d. for each 6 d.). The little- Circle. The station will utilise the power of used restricted hour rate is to be abolished after the River Niva which flows into the. White Sea. two years; in the ipeantime the charge is amended. Business tariffs are also modified. Sweden.—H ydro-electric O utput Increases. Surcharges to outside areas and meter rents —The production of hydro-electric power during are to be discontinued, but there will be a 1943 totalled over 11,000 m illion kW h, a new record figure and an increase of 12-5 per cent, minimum charge of 1 0 s. per quarter. These recommendations are contained in a compared with 1942.— Reuter's Trade Service. report by the borough electrical engineer and manager (Mr. A. C. Johnson) which was TRANSPORT approved at the last meeting of the Council. Hastings.—Proposed Acquisition of Trolley The new tariffs, which come into operation this B u s e s .—At a meeting of the Town Council on month, are estimated to provide a post-war net December 29th, it was decided to confirm a income (based on 71 million kWh sold to 39,000 previous decision to take over the town’s consumers) of £429,000. This compares with trolley-bus undertaking from the Maidstone & £399,500 on pre-war tariffs and £457,000 when District Motor Services, Ltd., although the war additions are included. Finance Committee submitted a letter from the It is proposed that domestic consumers shall Minister of War Transport stating that he could be given the option of transferring to the new not consent to the exercise of borrowing powers block rate at the end of any quarter, but will be until he was satisfied that the project was required to do so after two years. essential to public needs or war requirements. Tynemouth.—Electrical Equipment Speci­ f i e d .—The Housing Committee has agreed to L .N . E.R.— Sheffield- M anchester Electri­ the provision of all-electric domestic equipment f i c a t i o n . —Before the war a beginning was made in temporary houses. with the work of electrifying the L.N.E.R. line between Sheffield and Manchester. Part of the Overseas structural overhead work had been erected, and Canada.—Purchase of Power Company.— the whole scheme will, it is now hoped, be com­ It is reported that the Hydro-electric Power pleted in the first year after the war. Commission of Ontario has purchased the South Africa.—Plan to Electrify Vereenig- system of the Northern Ontario Power Co., a i n g L in e .—During a recent visit to Vereeniging subsidiary of the Canada Northern Power the Minister of Transport (Mr. F. C. Sturrock) Corporation, for $12,500,000. stated that it had been decided to electrify the Russia.— A rctic Power Scheme.—According railway line between Johannesburg and to the Soviet War News, after being held up by Vereeniging and provide a 45-min. service the war, work has recently been resumed on the between the two towns. FINANCIAL SECTION Company News. Stock Exchange Activities. that while plans were already far advanced for Reports and Dividends the proper allocation of the group’s factories for The Engineering & Lighting Equipment Co., post-war production, the works were, generally Ltd., has declared an interim ordinary dividend speaking, still 1 0 0 per cent, on war production of 3 per cent., against 4 per cent, last year. and must remain so, at least until the Germans Explaining this reduction the directors state were defeated. that the company’s articles of association provide for a sum to be set aside each year for preference New Companies share redemption. ' The effect of this for the Power Accessories, Ltd.—Private company. year 1943-44 was that £15,544 which would Registered December 31st. Capital, £1,000. otherwise have been available for ordinary Objects: To carry on the business of manu­ dividend (equivalent to over 15 per cent.) facturers and wholesale distributors of radio had to be set aside for redemption or paid in and television receivers and components, income tax. It is pointed out, however, that batteries, accumulators, etc. Directors: H. G. the redemption of the preference capital has Dredge and Mrs. G. Dredge, both of 10, increased the value of the ordinary capital by Langley Oaks Avenue, Sanderstead. Regis­ more than £30,000 up to March 31st, 1944. tered office: 48, Tooting High Street, S.W.17. The interim accounts up to September 30th last show an increase in turnover and profits. United Components, Ltd.—Private company. Registered December 14th. Capital, £500. E. K. Cole, Ltd., report a net profit of £318,165 Objects: To carry on the business of manu­ for 1943-44, after providing for depreciation facturers of, and dealers in, electrical and ana taxation, against £82,093 for the preceding wireless goods and components, etc. Directors: year. A final dividend of 12 per cent, has been V. J. L. Gooding, 153, Rendlesham Road, E.5; declared on the ordinary stock, making 2 0 and J. Robertson, 188, Ferry Hill, S.E.6 . Regis­ per cent, for the year (against 15 per cent.). tered office: 21, Warwick Grove, Clapton, E.5. A participating dividend of 3 per cent, is again Engineering Service Installations, Ltd.—Private to be paid on the preferred ordinary shares. company. Registered December 21st. Capital, S. Smith & Sons (England), Ltd.—At the annual £100. Objects: To carry on the business of general meeting held on December 28th, Mr. electricians, mechanical, heating and ventilating Walter Henderson-Cleland, the chairman, said engineers, etc. Subscribers: G. Conrad, 103, January 5, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w 45 SWITCH and FUSEGEAR

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9 The most efficient lightweight portable blowers ever put on the market. Precision-built on inter­ changeable lines, carefully balanced to eliminate vibration. Armatures and colls impregnated to withstand all conditions of service all over the world W rite for literature THREE MODELS : I. "HILL TYPE” 2. "STANDARD” 3. “BLOW-ER CLEAN” MARTINDALE ELECTRIC Co. Ltd. O A ll models can be instantly converted Westmorland Road, London, N.W.9 Phone: Col indale 8642-3 Grams: Commstones. Hyde, London into powerful industrial vacuum cleaners After the wasting and destruction of the war years will come the immense demands of world-wide reconstruction and development. New types of capital and consumer goods are evolving on every hand, demanding new materials of con- j struction and fresh appreciations o f design.

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Precious Metai Contacts. Silver-on-Copper Bi-Metal. Bi-Metal Contact Units. Non-Ferrous Metal and Alloy Wires and Strips fo r Resistances and Fuses. Platinum, Silver and Precious Metal Alloy Wires and Strips. Silver Plated Copper Wires. Low Temperature Brazing Alloys including “ Easy-Flo,” “ Sil-Fos” and “ Silbralloy.” Nickel Valve Tubes, Pure Nickel Gauze. Fusible Alloys. Selenium, Mercury and other Non-Ferrous Metals. You are invited to write for fuller information on any of the above to : JOHNSON, MATTHEY& E LIMITED HEAD OFFICE 73/6 3 HATTON GARDEN. LONDON, E.C.I 71-73. ViTTORIA STREET. OAKES TURNER & CO., LTD. •IRMINCHAM 1 75-79. fYRf STREET. SHEFFIELD. 1

W ith whom are associated Mallory Metallurgical Products, Ltd. January 5, 1945 E lectrical Review 31

Phyllis Avenue, New Malden, and E. W. ordinary shares and stock. Return dated Rosier, 1, Grunhurst Road, S.E.27. Solicitors: August 3rd. £71,000 preference and £466,000 ChffoTd-Turner & Co., 11, Old Jewry, E.C.2. ordinary stock taken up. £302,500 paid on £71,000 preference and £231,500 ordinary stock. Radio Electric (Durham), Ltd.—Private com­ £234,500 considered as paid on £234,500 pany. Registered December 21st. Capital, ordinary stock. Mortgages and charges: Nil. £1,000. Objects: .To carry on the business of radio dealers and engineers, etc. Subscribers: R. G. Price, 50, Queen Street, and P. Maurice, Increases of Capital 69, High Street, West, both Sunderland. Regis­ General Cable Manufacturing Co., Ltd.—The tered office: 10, Market Place, Durham. nominal capital has been increased by the David Phillips, Ltd. — Private company. addition of £100,000 in 400,000 ordinary shares Registered December 14th. Capital, £1,000. of 5s. each beyond the registered capital of Objects: To carry on the business of manu­ £150,000. facturers of, and dealers in, electrical goods, V. & E. Friedland, Ltd.—The nominal capital motor, radio and general engineers, etc. Sub­ has been increased by the addition of £14,000 scribers: F. J. Fisher, 18, The Heights, Northolt in ordinary shares beyond the registered capital Park, Greenford; and J. S. Davis, 7, Vesta o f £ 1 ,0 0 0 . Avenue, St. Albans. Solicitors: J. N. Nabarro & Sons, 211, Piccadilly, W .l. Mortgages and Charges Torbinia, Ltd.—Private company. Registered Bourne Radio & Electric, Ltd..—Debenture December 13 th. Capital, £5,000. Objects: charged on the company’s undertaking and To carry on the business of engineering con­ property, present and future, including uncalled tractors, electrical engineers, refrigeration and capital dated December 1st, to secure all motor engineers, etc. R. Oldham, Holmwood, moneys due or to become due from the company Albert Road, Cleethorpes, is a permanent to Lloyds Bank, Ltd. director. Secretary: H. B. W. Parker. Regis­ tered office: Cosgrove Street, Cleethorpes. Liquidation British & Overseas Radiovision, Ltd.—Private company. Registered December 9th. Capital, Claybury Electrical Supplies, Ltd., 8 b, Clay- bury Broadway, Woodford Avenue, Ilford.—• £2,000. Objects: To carry on the business of Mr. Carl Fine, Furnival House, 14-18, High electrical, mechanical, radio, gramophone and Holborn, London, W.C.l, was appointed television engineers, photographers, etc. Subscribers: J. A. Pickering, 160, Purley Downs liquidator on December 14th. Road, Sanderstead; and L. De S. Tufnell, Bear Lane House, Ashwell, Herts. Registered office: Bankruptcies Temple Chambers, Temple Avenue, E.C.4. E. C. Mould (trading as the Empire Electrical Redifon Electronics, Ltd.—Private company. Co.), 24, Westrow Gardens, Seven Kings, Registered December 4th. Capital, £10,000. Essex, lately Ilford and Goodmayes, Essex, Objects: To carry on the business of manufac­ electrical retailer.—This debtor, who failed in turers of, and dealers in, wireless, electrical, 1937, was granted his discharge from bank­ telephone and electronic equipment, etc. Sub­ ruptcy recently at Chelmsford. He was stated scribers: Lilian M. Weston, and W. H. Craig, to be now employed as a works manager at both of Alder House, Aldersgate Street, E.C. 1. a salary of £750 per annum. When he failed Solicitors: Sydney Morse & Co., Alder House, he had liabilities of £2,800, with no assets. It E .C .l. was stated that his employers were prepared to find £250 to be paid into Court immediately if the discharge were granted. An order for Companies’ Returns immediate discharge was made, subject to Statements of Capital judgment for £250. William Geipel, Ltd.—Capital, £25,150 in H. C. Jeffery, T. H. Carter and Daisy Carter, 25,000 preference, 100 “ A ” ordinary and 50 trading in partnership as the Wrexham Electrical " B ” ordinary shares of £1. Return dated & Cycle Co., Wrexham, Denbighshire, August 15th. All shares taken up. £23,650 electrical and cycle dealers. (Separate applica­ paid. £1,500 considered as paid. Mortgages tion of T. H. Carter and Daisy Carter.)— and charges: Nil. At the County Hall, Wrexham, recently, the last-named debtors applied for their dis­ Chesham & District Installations Co., L td.- charge. T. H. Carter stated that he was now in Capital, £200 in 200 ordinary shares of £1 employment and upon giving an undertaking each. R eturn dated D ecem ber 22nd, 1943 not to resume trading on his own account he (filed August 8 th, 1944). All shares taken up. was granted his discharge, subject to 1 2 m onths’ £200 paid. Mortgages and charges: Nil. suspension. His wife, Daisy Carter, was also Christy Bros. & Co., Ltd.—Capital, £225,000 granted a discharge. in £75,000 preference and £150,000 ordinary N. E. Butcher, battery manufacturer, trading stock ’ Return dated August 17th. All stock as the Herts Electrochemical Co., 2, Woodfield taken up £176,083 paid. £48,917 considered Road, Welwyn Garden City.—Proofs for as paid. Mortgages and charges: Nil. dividends by January 15th to the trustee, N United Telephone Cables, Ltd.—Capital, £1,000 Mr. S. P. Child, College Hill Chambers, Cloak in £1 shares. Return dated August 17th. All Lane, London, E.C.4. shares taken up. £1,000 paid. Mortgages and H. J. Gill, 10, H igh Street, Keynsham , charges: Nil. Somerset, electrical engineer and radio dealer.— Mirrlees Watson Co., Ltd.—Capital, £600,000 Debtor’s application for discharge was heard re­ in £100 000 5 3 per cent, preference and £500,000 cently at the Guildhall, Bristol, and was granted. 3 2 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w January 5, 1945 STOCKS AND SHARES it was subject to the right of appeal. The whole £2,000,000 stock was sold by the T u e s d a y E v e n in g . company, it may be recalled, to a firm of HE New Year opened in Stock Exchange bankers at 20s. The bankers in addition T markets, with a continuance of con­ received a fee of £30,000 for their services in ditions not very dissimilar from those of the matter. The Treasury professed to twelve months ago when the cheapness of approve this method of making an issue money, the absence of new issues and the which was to repay a loan raised by the rising hopefulness in regard to peace—a G.E.C. before the war. hopefulness which last year failed to fulfil— were outstanding factors. The first two The Probable Premium have had the effect of bringing about a The Treasury point was that the G.E.C. practically all-round rise in prices. Business has more than 27,000 shareholders and that, came spasmodically to the Stock Exchange if the offer of new shares had been made to markets. On the whole, 1944 will be them, instead of the issue being sold to the remembered as a good year for holders of bankers, a broad and active market in a Dew securities, though not so satisfactory for security might have been created. This was those who, haviDg money to invest, were held to be contrary to the policy of the hard put to it to find a reasonable rate of authorities, who wish to encourage the interest from good-class securities. The maximum support by individuals for current prospect of expansion in price values remains Government loans. It was well known that in evidence. With the complaint that prices orders were being placed in the market to are already very high there will be ready buy these new 4 i per cent, preference shares agreement. For all that, the outlook favours when Stock Exchange permission to deal in the impression that the advance in market them had been granted. It was assumed that prices will go further. Towards the end of the opening price would be about a guinea last year, a mild bout of excitement occurred to something over, giving the original pur­ in shares of radio manufacturing companies. chasers a useful profit if they cared to sell. This Week’s Fluctuations The next move is awaited with lively interest. The action of the Stock Exchange Committee Home Railway stocks have come again has met with unqualified approval by those into request, for which the near approach of who consider that the G.E.C. shareholders the dividend season is held to be responsible. should have the right of applying for the new The junior stocks have appreciated to some shares at the attractive figure that the banking extent, the yields being high by comparison house gave for them. with the returns obtainable from Home industrials. Changes amongst electricity Shares on Offer supply shares are confined to a florin rise in The range of choice offered to an investor Nigerian Electricity and a sixpenny fall in in ordinary shares of the electricity supply Perak Hydro-Electric, making the prices companies is circumscribed, but it is still 37s. and 12s. 6d. respectively. Movements possible to buy such shares, although at in the equipment and manufacturing group prices offering little temptation from the are few, but mostly upward. Christy Bros., point of view of income. For example, at £4, are 2s. 6d. up, De la Rue ^ better at 1,000 Midland Electric Corporation ordinarv 9J and English Electrics Is. higher at 56s. 6d. shares can be bought at 44s. 6d., October and There are smaller gains in Associated Elec­ April dividends, to pay £4 0s. 9d. per cent, trical, Ever Ready and General Electric on-the money, and in the Provincial group, 6 } per cent, preference. Llanelly & District at 27s. 3d. return £4 8s. The radio group retains its advanced prices. per cent. The latter company raised its Philco are 6d. harder at 15s. “ Emis ” hold dividend to 6 per cent, in each of the last two their ground at 35s. 6d. Cossors at 32s. 6d. years, following 5 per cent, dividends. and Pye deferred at 33s. 9d. have kept the Lancashire Electric ordinary, of which there lir which each gained last week. E. K. Cole, are 3,000 on offer at 37s. 3d., give a return another member of this section, finished the of 4T per cent, at that price, and British year at 37s. 6d., against 25s. 6d. at the end Power & Light, of which 2,500 are obtainable of 1943, when “ Emis ” were 27s. 3d., m the market at 32s. 9d., afford the same Cossor 22s. 6d. and Pye deferred 26s. 3d. incom e. G.E.C. Preference Price Movements in 1944 No little surprise has been aroused by*the rejection by the Stock Exchange New Issues The second and final half of the review of Committee of the application for permission net movements in Stock Exchange prices to deal in £2,000,000 4£ per cent. General during 1944, of which the first instalment Electric “ C ” preference stock. This de­ appeared last week, opens with a further list cision was reached last week, and at the same of shares in the manufacturing and equipment time, notice was given by the Committee that (Continued on page 34) January 5, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w 3 3 ELECTRICAL INVESTMENTS Prices, Dividends and Yields

Dividend Middle Dividend Middle Price Company Rise Yield Price Rise Yield Pre­ Jan. or p.c. vious Company Pre­ Jan. p.c. Last Fall vious Last 2 Fall

Home Electricity Ordinary Equipment and Manufacturing Bournemouth and £ s. d. Poole £ s. d. 12* 62/6 4 0 0 Aron Elec. Ord. 15 15 61/- 4 18 4 British Power and Assoc. Brit. Eng. 6 Light .. 7 57/6 2 8 9 7 33/- 4 4 10 Assoc. Elec. : City of London .. 5* 30/— 3 13 4 Ord...... 10 Clyde Valley 10 58/- + 6d.. 3 9 0 8 42/- 3 16 0 Pref. .. 8 8 40/— County of London + 6d.. 4 0 0 8 43/- .. 3 14 5 AutomaticTel.&El. 12* 1 2 * 67/6 3 14 0 Edmundsons 6 6 31/- .. 3 17 5 Babcock & Wilcox 11 11 53/— 4 3 Elec. D is. Y orkshire 9 0 9 45/6 3 19 6 British Aluminium 10 10 46/- 4 7 Elec. Fin. and Se­ 0 British Insul. Ord. 20 2 0 3 9 0 curities 12* 13* 60/6 4 9 0 ; British Thermostat Elec. Supply Cor­ (5/-) •. 18* 18* 21/3 4 7 0 poration 10 50/6 3 18 6 British Vac. Cleaner Lancs. Light and (5/-) .. ..30 30 32/6 4 12 3 Power n 7* 37/- 4 1 1 Brush Ord. (5/-) 8 9 11/- 4 1 9 Llanelly Elec. .. 6 6 26/6 4 10 7 Burco (5/-) .. 15 15 16/6 4 11 0 Lond.Assoc. Electric 3 4 26/- 3 1 6 Callender’s .. 15 2 0 5* 3 9 London Electric 0 6 6 30/6 3 18 8 ChlorideElec.Storage 15 15 85/- 3 10 7 Metropolitan E.S. 8 43/- .. 3 14 5 Christy Bros. .. 12* 17* 80/- + * 4 7 6 Midland Counties 8 41/6 3 17 0 Cole, E. K. (5/-) 15 20 37/6 2 13 4 Mid. Elec. Power 9 44/- 4 1 10 Consolidated Signal 24 27* 6| 4 1 6 Newcastle Elec. 7 32/— 4 7 6 Cossor, A. C. (5/-) 7J* 10* 32/6 1 10 9 North Eastern Elec. 7 34/6 4 1 2 Crabtree (10/-) .. 17* 17* 44/- 3 19 7 Northampton .. 10 50/- 4 0 0 Crompton Parkinson Northmet Power 7 41/- .. 3 8 4 Ord. (5/-) . . 20 2 2 * 33/6 3 7 3 Richmond Elec. 6 26/- 4 12 4 De La Rue .. 35 40 H + A 4 2 0 Scottish Power .. 8 40/6 3 19 0 E.M.I. (10/-) .. 6 8 35/6 '2 5 1 Southern Areas 5 23/— 4' 7 0 Elec. Construction 10 12* 61/3 4 1 8 South London .. 7 30/- 4 13 4 Enfield Cable Ord. 12* 12* 64/- 3 18 2 West Devon 5 24/- .. 4 3 4 English Electric 10 10 56/6 + 1 /- 3 10 6 West Glos. 3* 25/- 2 16 0 Ensign Lamps (5/-) 25 15 21/3 3 10 8 Yorkshire Elec... 8 43/- .. 3 14 5 Ericsson Tel. (5/-) 22* 2 0 * 53/9 1 17 8 Ever Ready (5/-) 40 lie Boards 40 42/6 + 6d. 4 14 3 Central Electricity : Falk Stadelmann 7* 7* 34/6 4 7 0 1955-75 5 115 Ferranti Pref. .. 7 7 31/9 4 8 2 4 7 0 G.E.O. : 1951-73 4* 106 4 5 0 Pref...... 6* 6* 34/- 1963-93 3* 104 3 7 4 + 9

• Dividends are paid t 34 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w January 5, 1945

Dividend Middle Dividend Middle Trice Rise Yield Price Rise Yield Company 3re- Jan. or p.o Company Pre­ Jan. or p.o. vious Last 2 Fall vious Last 2 Fall

Equipment and Manufacturing (Continued) £ s. d. £ s. d. Siemens Orel. .. 7è 71 36/- — 3it. 4 3 4 Cape Eleo. Trams 5 0 26/- 1 12 4 Strand Elec. (5/-) 10 121 11/G 5 8 8 Lancs. Transport 10 10 4 7/0 4 4 3 Switchgear & Cow­ Southorn Ely. : 2 ans (5/-) 20 20 20/9 410 7 5% Prefd. .. 5 5 7S + 1 G 8 T.0.0. (10/-) .. ß 71 25/- S 0 0 5% Pref. .. 5 5 119 4 1 0 T.C. & M. 10 10 66/- 3 11 G T. Tllliug .. 10 10 62/- 3 4 6 TelephoneM fg.(5/-) 9 9 12/- 3 15 0 West Riding .. 10 10 47/6 4 4 2 Thorn Elec. (5/-) 20 20 28/9 3 9 G Telegraph and Telephone Tube Investments 20 221 •r>Ä 4 G 9 Vactric (5/-) Nil 221 17/6 G 8 G Anglo-Am. Tel. : Veritys (5/-) n 71 9/- 4 3 4 Pref. .. G r> 124 4 10 7 WalsallCouduits(4/--)55 55 52/6 4 3 10 Def...... 11 H 30 5 0 Ward & Goldstoue Anglo- Portuguese 8 8 29/C 6 S (5/-) .. 20 20 30/- 3 6 8 Cable & Wireless : West! nghouse B rake 13* 14 75/- 3 14 8 61% Pref. .. 51 118 + 1 4 18 3 West, Allen (6/-) 8/9 4 5 9 Ord. .. .. 4 4 85 + J 4 14 2 71 71 CanadianMarconi $ 1 N11 4cts. 9/6 — Traction and Transport Globe Tel. & Tel. : 2 Anglo-Arg. Trans : Ord. .. 81* 5° 41/- 8 9 First Pref. (£5) Nil Nil 2/6 — Pref. .. 0 G 31/- 3 17 5 4% Inc. Nil Nil 6J — Great Northern Tel. Brit. Elec. Traction : (£101 .. .. Nil Nil 28 — Def. Ord. 45 45 1200 3 15 0 Inter.Tel. & Tel. Nil Nil 23 +s — Pref. Ord. 8 8 190 4 4 3 Marconi-Marine. . 71 71 36/6 4 4 6 Bristol Trams .. 10 10 57/- 3 10 2 Oriental Tel. Ord. 10 10 48/- — Brazil Traction .. n 2 361 7 12 4 Telephone Props. Nil 6 20/- 6 0 0 Calcutta Trams 01 71 61/6 -7/- 2 8 9 Tele. Rentals (5/-) 10 10 12/6 4 0 0 * Dividends are paid free of Income Tax.

Stocks and Shares {Continuedfrom page 32) shares in overseas companies, shows varia­ tions as follows:— group. In last week’s selection, it was shown Dec. 31st, Rise that every case provided a rise in price on Stock or Share Now the year. The following list carries on the 1943 or Fall same story. As already mentioned, various s. d. » s. d. s. d. reasons account for the consistent advance Calcutta 35 0 46 6 + 11 6 in prices, nor can it be said that there is any Palestine 40 3 38 6 - 1 9 Victoria Falls 86 3 90 0 + 3 9 present indication of material setback from Whitehall pref. 24 0 26 0 + 2 0 quotations already attained, high though these are. Tokyo 6 per cent, rose from 19 to 24 Taking a selection of representative electri­ during 1944. Calcutta Trams started the cal companies, the following comparisons year at 36s., doubled in price, and left off make interesting comment upon the result at 61s. 6d., a net rise of 25s. 6d. of wartime conditions:— Telegraph and Telephone Dec. 31st, Ordinary shares 1943 Now Rise Cable & Wireless ordinary stock was amongst the active spots of 1944 and the s. cl. s. d. s. d. price shows an improvement of 7| points. Automatic Tel. & El. 56 5 67 6 11 3 Crabtree (10s.) 36 3 44 0 7 9 The 5i per cent, preference has also improved, Elec. & Musical (10s.) 27 9 35 6 7 9 being included, as it is, in a good m any lists Elec. Construction 50 6 61 3 10 9 of investments placed before their clients by Enfield Cable ord. 59 0 64 0 5 0 Stock Exchange brokers. The progress of Ericsson Tel. (5s.) 51 3 53 9 2 6 Johnson & Phillips .. 66 6 79 0 12 6 the war is indirectly illustrated by a rise of Lancs Dynamo 92 0 100 0 8 0 5i in Great Northern (Denmark) Telegraph. Mather & Platt 52 0 55 0 3 0 A gain of 9 points in International Telephone Reyrolle 70 0 , 72 6 2 6 Siemens 33 6 36 0 2 6 & Telegraph shares is deserving of notice Telegraph Construction 49 6 56 0 6 6 Westinghouse Brake .. 65 0 75 0 10 0 Dec. 31st, Rise Stock or Share 1943 Now Overseas Anglo-American pf. .. 114* 124 9* Cable & Wireless pf. . . 113 118 5 Examples have already been given of the Cable & Wireless ord. 77* 85 7V movements over the twelve-month period Great Northern 22i 28 5} in prices of Home electricity supply shares. Inter. Tel. & Tel. 14 23 9 A short table, dealing with representative Marconi Marine 32/3 35/6 3/3 January 5, 1945 Electrical R e v i e w 3 5 YEW PATEYTS Electrical Specifications Recently Published The numbers under which the specifications will be Partridge, Wilson & Co., Ltd., and F. A. printed and abridged are given in parentheses. Loach.—” Automatic contactors or switches of Copies of any specification ( I j. each) may be the change-over and simple on-off types,” obtained from the Patent Office. 25. Southampton 8920. June 3rd. 1943. (566075.) Buildings, London, R .C.2 . Philips Lamps, Ltd. (Naamlooze Vennoot- % LL MANNA Svenska Elektriska Aktie- schap Philips' Gloeiiampenfabrieken).—“ Radio bolaget.—“ Means for regulating elec­ receivers adapted to be automatically tuned to a trically one or other of two related quantities.'’ number of predetermined stations.” 8125. 17259 42. December 13th. 1941. (566060.* May 6 th. 1940. »Convention date not granted.) Automatic Telephone & Electric Co.. Ltd., (566135.) and P. N. Rosebv.—•• Electrical signalling svs- Pressed Steel Co.. Ltd.. E. G. Rowledge and tems.” 8902. June 3rd. 1943. (566122.) W. G. Nolcken.—" Compression type refrig­ British Thomson-Houston Co.. Ltd.—" Roast­ erating systems." 10262. June 25th. 1943. ing racks for electric ovens.” 11015 43. July (566131.) 7th. 1942. (566103.) " Manufacture of elec­ Radio Gramophone Development Co., Ltd., trodes for glow discharge devices.” 10269 43. C. F. Marriott and D. H. J. Taylor.—" Appara­ June 29th. 1942. 1566132.) tus for testing resistors." 13725. August 23 rd. British Thomson-Houston Co.. Ltd., and J. 1943. (566105.) Moir.— Reproduction of sound from film Sinunonds Development Corporation, Ltd.— sound records.” 4180. March 15th, 1943 ” Electrical indicating or recording systems.” (566112.) 9480 43. June 12th, 1942. (566101.) R. Calvert, G. G. Gouriet and E. Davies.— Standard Telephones & Cables, Ltd., and “ Electrical frequency-dividing and counting L. J. Heaton-Armstrong.—” Antenna systems circuits.” 10159. June 23rd. l943. (566102.) for defining a blind approach path.” 15892. Crompton Parkinson, Ltd., and A. W_ November 10th. 1942. (Addition to 562853.) Angold.—” Prepayment mechanism for meters (566172.) and the like.” 16850. November 27th. 1942. Standard Telephones & Cables. Ltd., and (Addition to 515223.) (566173.) A. J. Maddock.—” Radio navigational sys­ Ericsson Telephones, Ltd., B. O. Anson and tems.” 9263. July 3rd. 1942. ( 566169.) S. H. D. Ward.—” Microphones.” 11479. Standard Telephones & Cables, Ltd., F. H. July 14th. 1943. (566162.) Bray and L. R. Brown.—“ Circuits for counting D. C. Gall.—'' Electrical measuring instru­ electrical impulses.” June 11th, 1943. (566156.) ments of the moving coil type.” 14668. Sep­ H. E. Yarrow.—“ Superheater for use in tember 7th, 1943. (566106.) connection with steam boilers.” 8220. May General Electric Co., Ltd., and E. Fried- 24th, 1943. (566184.) lander.—“ Protective devices for high-power Amended Specification transmission lines.” 8015. Mav 20th, 1943. 548441. Telephone Manufacturing Co., Ltd., (566181.) and others.—“ Frequency convertors.” Holophane. Ltd. (Holophane Co. Inc.).— “ Lnminairs.” 9269. June 9th. 1943. (566189.) M. A. Horsford.—“ Electric illuminating and audible warning svstem.” 3830. March 9th. TRADE MARK 1943. I566145.'i Macfariane Engineering Co., Ltd.. J. W. APPLICATIONS Macfariane and V). L Macfariane.—“ Electric > PPLICATIONS have been made for the generators.” (Cognate applications 5973 43 and registration of the following trade marks. 19599 43.» A pril 14th, 1943. »566168.» Objections may be entered within one month J. C. Macfariane and W. I. Macfariane.— from December 27th:— “ Svnchronons electric motors.” 5787. April Etrr.ALLOV. N o . 629,135, Class 6 . W elding 10th, 1943. (566147.)_ metals, being common metal alloys. Design Marconi's Wireless leiegraph Co., Ltd., and No. 630,33-f. Common metals and alloys H. Haywood.—” Electrical converting arrange­ thereof, for welding.—Eutalloy & Welding ments.” 9206. June 8 th. 1943. (566100.) Processes. Ltd., 10, Parkway, Welwyn Garden Marconi's Wireless Telegraph Co., Ltd.. and City, Herts. J. H. Moon.—■“ Lighting of the scales of indicat­ Chrom otron. No. 630;907, Class 8 . Tele­ ing instruments.” 4809. March 24th, 1943. vision apparatus and parts thereof not included (566114.) in other classes.—J. L . Baird, 3, Crescent Wood Milliard Radio Valve Co.. Ltd.. and C. F. M. Road, London, S.E.26. Hayes.—" Devices for feeding rod-like bodies." L ectralot. No. 630,759, Class 11. Electric 3426. March 2nd, 1943. (566069.) ” Glass- lamps.—Thames Technical Co., Ltd., 83, High moulding machines.” 3427 . March 2nd, 1943. Street, Brentford. (566070.7 U skos (design). No. 626,966, Class 17. J. E. Oram. G. H. S. Greoe and Wfld-Barnela Electrically-conducnve rubber composition in Hie;-.-:: .; LfiL—“ Electric . nff sheet form.—United States Rubber Co., New moulds, press tools and the like.” 9478. June York. Address for service: coT. A. Clayton, 11th. 1943. »566128.) 39-51, Higfagate Road, London, N.W.5. L. H. Paddle and M. E. Borth.—■“ Control of C abo l i n e . No. 630.267, Class 17. Insulating a]terr.au . ' 2 current supply voltages.” 3638. varnish and insulating materials.—StemoL March 5th, 1943. (566071.) LtcL, 16, Finsbury Square, London, E.C.2. 36 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w January 5, 1945 CONTRACT INFORMATION Accepted Tenders and Prospective Electrical Work

Coventry.—Rebuilding Barker Butts School Contracts Open on Whitley Abbey site; D. E. E. Gibson, city Where “ Contracts Open ” are advertised in our architect, la, Warwick Row. “ Official Notices ” section the date of the issue Croydon.—Extensions, Ruskin Grammar is given in parentheses. School (£4,140); borough engineer. Australia.—January 10th. N.S.W. Railways. Electrical equipment for 50 suburban electric Falkirk,—New water distribution scheme motor cars and 50 trailer cars. (post-war) to cost £362,850, for Stirlingshire and Queensland. —January 10th. 33-kV switch- Falkirk Water Board; Eric W. Denholm, gear, Spec. 380. City Electric Light Co., Ltd., engineer to the Board. Boundary Street, Brisbane (£2 2s.). Fife.—Central kitchen at Rosyth for school V i c t o r i a . — April 26th. Melbourne City meals (£5,400); clerk, County Council, Cupar, Council. Electrostatic flue gas dust collecting Fife. equipment. Spec. 419. City Electrical En­ Keighley.—School at Ingrow; E. G. Felgate, gineer’s Office (£1 Is.) borough architect, College Street. March 1st. Western Australian Government Tender Board. Two 25,000-kW turbo-alter­ Leeds.—Additions, Sweet Street; H. R. nators and condensing plant; boiler-house Marsden, Ltd., machinery manufacturers, Soho equipment (boilers, pulverised coal equipment, Foundry. economisers, feed pumps, air heaters, mechanical Manchester.—Schools, Wythenshawe; G. H. draught plant, pipework, buildings, etc.); and Gawler, chief building surveyor, Education 25,000-kW frequency changer. Offices, Deansgate, Manchester 3. Batley.—January 10th. Electricity Depart­ Mansfield.—Extensions for school meals at ment. 750-kVA transformer and e.h.v. ring King Edward and Rainworth Schools; R. F. B. main unit. (December 29th.) Grundy, borough surveyor, Town Hall. Dundee.—January 10th. Corporation Housing Matlock.—Civic centre, for U.D.C.; J. Department. Various works, including electric Turner, surveyor, Town Hall, Matlock. light installations in 31 blocks (162 houses) at Middleton (Lancs).—Extensions, works and Magdalene’s Kirkton housing scheme. City offices; Yorkshire Dyeing & Proofing Co., quantity surveyor, 21, City Square. Ltd., Spring Vale Mills. Fife.—January 10th. County Council Catering Newbiggin (Northumberland).—Ten homes for Committee. Work, including electrical, for the Aged Miners’ Homes Association; J. central kitchen at High Street, Strathmiglo. Kailofer, architect, Council Offices, Newbiggin. Specifications and schedules from C. R. Douglas & Son, F.S.I., 15, East Port, Dunfermline Newton Heath.—Works extensions ; G. C. ( £ 1 Is.). Baines, architect, 12/24, Guildhall Street, Preston. Orders Placed Openshaw.—Works canteen; H. F. V. New- Darlington.—Town Council. Accepted. Over­ some, architect, 42, Tatton Road South, head line (£284).—F. Reid Ferens & Co. Equip­ Heaton Moor, Stockport. ment for waterworks substation (£264).—W. Preston.—Dining hall and kitchen, Grammar Lucy & Co. School; secretary, Board of Governors. Hull.—Assistance Committee. Accepted. Reading.—Additions (£3,473), Pangbourne X-ray unit (£455).—Philips Lamps. Waterworks; George Stow & Co., Ltd., Wallasey.—Electricity Committee. Accepted- engineers, Mill Street, Slough. Rectifying equipment (£340).—English Electric Rochdale.—Additions, Larkfield Mills; Em­ Co., Ltd. Replating battery (£207).—Edison press Shoe & Slipper Works, Ltd., Boundary Swan Electric Co., Ltd. Street. Additions, Eagle Oil Works; E. S. Lord., Contracts in Prospect Ltd., Bury Road. Particulars o f new works and building schemes for Rotherham.—Additions, Thames Street; the use of electrical installation contractors and Yates, Haywood & Co., Ltd., Effingham Works. traders. Publication in this section is no guarantee Spilsby.—Houses (22), for R.D .C.; surveyor, that electrical work is definitely included. Alleged Council Offices, Boston Road, Spilsby, Lincs. inaccuracies should be reported to the Editors. Stretford.—Transport depot, Chester Road; Argyllshire.—New harbour at Carradale Whatton’s Transport, Ltd., Meadowgate, (post-war) to cost £80,000; clerk, County Bourne, Lincs. Council, Lochgilphead. Swansea.—Secondary school, Derwyn Fawr Burnley.—X-ray department at Infirmary Road, for R.C. authorities; W. J. Rees & (£5,000); clerk to Victoria Infirmary Board, Partners. Briercliffe Road. Tyldesley.—Houses (50), Mosley Common Bury.—Works additions, Benson’s Confec­ site; N. Chamberlain, surveyor, Town Hall. tionery Co., Ltd., Huntley Mount Road. Warrington.—Additions, Knutsford Road; Chesterfield.—Schools, Newbold estate; W. S- Daniel Johnson, basket manufacturers, 486, Wilson, borough surveyor, Town Hall. Knutsford Road. January 5, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w

i r t t B C O t f ^ C T S p f l l 'E .B 'î

s p E c i ^ k E B _ 0 x c a ^ u í

DBS*

P* M

BAKER PLATINUM LTD., 52 HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C.I E l e c t r i c a l R en re v . January >. I*¿45

tfïcn o ù u l ÙUtfm nteàÂ& cl M o t t -

All sizes from 30 amps, to 1200 amps, are in regular production. Hundreds of satisfied users can testify to their complete reliability under the most arduous operating conditions. W ill you join this circle and send us your next enquiry f Jtinhan 5 0 E l e c t l u e a l R e v i e w January 5, 1945

Standcvcdi& e on

L. G. Hawkins DENNIS MODERNISES MELTING WITH THE sUPREMr ELECTRIC GLUEPO SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR FACTORY USE Price N.P.L. APPROVED for CATEGORY D.C.3 6 9 > 6 Perfection in Design — Reliability in Service Pleas« state G. P. DENNIS LIMITED voltage required Specialises in Switchboards, Control Panels, Switch Fuses, Distribution Boards, Fuses, etc. ST. MICHAELS STREET, CHESTER T e lep h o n e 3763 4 LONDON OFFICE : ABFORD HOUSE. WILTON RD., S.W.I L. G. Haiukins Telephone : Victoria 5780 PUTS LIGHT EVERYWHERE W ITH THE sUPREMe- r\ LANCOMOTORS PORTABLE LIMITED Manufacturing LIGHTING . Electrical . UNIT • Engineers . FT HAS A 100 US6S —IN THE FACTORY Specialists in the m anufacture cf O N THE FARM. IN f THE GARAGE, ON I L A D D E R S , I N I COILS VEHICLES, ETC.

Shunt. Series. Commutating, Price 2 5 1- W ithout batteries, Brake, Arm ature, etc., etc. plus purchase tax. Takes Ever Recà/ 6 v. Setter? R996 Electric Motors and Equipment L. G. Hauikins made to Custom ers' Specification PERSONALLY GUARANTEES EVERY ‘SUPREME’ PRODUCT Write to L. C. HAWKINS & CO. LTD., CLOUGH ST., HANLEY 3 3 3 5 Dece-î Lave, Lot-box, W.C-2 Telephone—Temple Bar 5 8 1 1 STOKEtONsTRENT For full derails of these ‘Scfkem e' products TELEPHONE 2371-9 January 5, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w 51

FOR SHIP WIRING...

ENSURE AMPLE PROTECTIVE COVER — SPECIFY [ R o m P T o n COBLES

CROMPTON PARKINSON LIMITED, ELECTRA ROUSE. VICTORIA EMBANKMENT, LONDON, W.C.2 Telephone; TC M ple Bar 5911 Telegrams: Crompark, i strand. London 5 2 E l e c t r i c a l R e v u w January 5, 1945 SODWIN PUMPS A R E FULLY GUARANTEED

TYPE O.H.P. AUTOMATIC WATZE SYSTEM For Estate and Parm Water vuppliea and Domeatic and Induatrial purpoaea. Supplied Incapacities from 57S/4J4

• CONEX TERNA DOUBLE-SEAL Compression Joints are a boon to the Wireman. Ten seconds and a spanner en­

sures a completely rigid joint— For Low Consumption Lighting easily unscrewed at any time for ROBUST CONSTRUCTION — LONG LIFE cable inspection. in two colours Unquestionably the most effec­ — Neon Red tive type of Compression Joint NEOGLO available. HELIGLO — Heliotrope 200-260 VOLTS 2 W ATTS

P atent N o. 545506 Price 3/6 No Purchase Tax

INVALUABLE WHERE SUBDUED LIGHTING IS REQUIRED UNION LAMP & LIGHTING Co. Ltd. Sanbra Ltd., Aston Hall Road, Birmingham 4 ABBEYDALE RD„ WEMBLEY. MDDX. PERivale2263-4-5 All Enquiries to :— London Office: 121 Victoria Sc., S.W .I, Victoria 7285-6 January 5, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w 5 3

->/ * p h o t o s r a r t J u ? f r t s n u A S A p

If your work requires considerable numbers of facsimile copies, why not install a “Photostat” machine so that these copies can be made on the premises ? The “Photostat” provides the simplest, quick­ est and most reliable method of producing fac­ simile copies in monochrome of plans, charts, statistical tables, hand-writing, wash or line drawings and photographs. The operation of the machine is very largely automatic and skilled labour is not required. It will be to your advantage to include “ Photostat” in your post-war planning. Con­ sult us about its applications; our extensive experience of all kinds of business problems in which “ Photostat ” has been of assistance is at your service.

W rite to PHOTOSTAT LTD. Dept. I, Adelaide House, King William Street, London, E.C.4. Phone : MANsion House 8226.

EVERYTHING HAD A BEGINNING—

We rightly think of Stephenson’s ‘Rocket’ as the beginning of our railways, but we should go back to Cugnot’s steam lorry, illustrated here, for the birth of steam propulsion-

A s regards electric lighting, that began in real earnest in this country over sixty years ago, when we made the first storage batteries and lit the Law Courts, Royal Exchange, and other important buildings. Today our batteries have wider fields of application. In addition to Train Lighting they are supreme for Country House Light­ ing, for Motor vehicles and Aircraft, and now are being widely used for Emergency Lighting in buildings where light is necessary when the mains fail. P & G and E.P.S. Cells have also an enviable record of reliability in Central Stations, . , Telephone Exchanges and in every other « REPLATING. Ensure long and reliable service by application. having your present batteries replated by us. PRITCHETT & GOLD and E .P .S . CO. L T D — formerly the Electrical Power Storage Co., Ltd. —

MADE THE FIRST BATTERIES P0I2b/44

50 Grosvbnor Gardbns, London, S.W .i. Phone: SLOanc 7 16 4 . Grams: Storage, Sowest, London E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w January 5 , 1 9 4 5

M.S.M. Eire specialist manu­ facturers of tilting type mercury switches suitable for instrument work, domestic and industrial ap­ paratus and power control gear.

THE MERCURY SWITCH MANUFACTURING C O . LTD. WEST DRAYTON, MIDDLESEX

A L L TYPES ALL VOLTAGES M ALL WATTAGES (ronclad * and

„ safetï 5 • a n d P»-' s are u r n e e W h e t h e r y Installations F acto r/ CottaSe or , th em

MADE TO LATEST B.S.I. SPECIFICATION

RD JOHNSON. CLAPHAM & MORRIS LTD Ensel Electric ltd WHOLESALE ELECTRICAL DISTRISUTORS 308,GRAYS INN R? LONDON,W.C.I 7 - 9 . SWAN STREET. MANCHESTER. 4 Phone: DEAnsjate 5-i 3 I teleph on e T E R m i n u s 6 2 5 5 - 6 HEAD OFFICE JACEM HOUSE. THAFFOHB PAPA. H/c 17 ,t o January 5, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w

STATIC TWO-DIMENSIONAL visual delineation of any recurrent law. Pressed steel construction will bring joyous smiles • to the faces of many’ housewives when peace comes RELATIVE TIMING OF EVENTS end again. War-gained experience of ways to lower other comparative measurements with production costs and to make the most economical extreme accuracy. • use of vital materials will be used by Prestcold PHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDING of engineers to the great benefit of the kitchen of the transient phenomena. future. They’will be able to take the lead in making refrigerators for every type of home. For post-war SIMULTANEOUS #INDICATION of production Prestcold have designed a model ot two variables on a common tim e axis 4 ! cubic feet capacity which can be built into INDUSTRIAL INDICATING and TESTING kitchen fitments with cupboard space above and afford increasing scope for the Cathode Ray below it. This design provides ample accommoda­ Tube as the only device with the above in­ tion for the perishable foods for a family of four, herent features, of which the last is unique in the Cossor DOUBLE BEAM Tube. and it can be m ass-produced at a surprisingly low The M odel 339 Cossor O scillograph price. Note the following advantages :— thus equipped is invaluable on all problem s of research, production or operational testing, Storage capacity of approximately Height adaptable by varying when the effect examined is applied as a cubic feet, which will bold all position of supporting frames. voltage. When recurrent the traces are the perishable foodstuffs for a Refrigerator can be built ini', studied visually and when transient are family of four. kitchen fitments with cupboard recorded photographically, using Model 427 Larder space rendered unnecessary. space» above and below it. camera. Dry goods and non - perishable Design provides fo r adequate foodstuffs would be kept in kitchen ventilation of mechanism without A. C. C O SSO R Ltd cupboards. the necessity for special air-bricks or ducting. INSTRUMENT DEPT. Waist - high refrigerator door, Cossor House, Highbury Grove, London, N.5 allowing access to interior without Ice making , * cold cooking ’Phone : CANonbury 1234 (33 lines). stooping. facilities. ’Grams : Amplifiers Phone London.

0 #lH* l / V V \ A / v ------JRIIJTOr HESTER.'

W'. * 5 6 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w January 5 . 1 9 4 5

CONVERTING For Reliable Products LAMP ADAPTORS

if you require Converting Adaptors and you are unable to obtain them, we can help you. WE CAN EITHER SUPPLY OR PREFERABLY MAKE THE ADAPTORS FROM THE LAMP­ HOLDERS SUPPLIED BY YOU Here are the three types chiefly in demand : BC to ES, ES to BC, GES to ES ■ S S ^ î T - But any other combination is possible i f we have the lampholders which are required fo r the Lamp.

We also undertake :— n m. Cap conversion on your Lamps, and Precision Calibration of filaments in A-r Approved relation to cap contact or prefocusing f u " ï ^ lljTr - device. HELIOS LABORATORIES POPHAM ST WORKS. 6 Angel House, Pentonville Road NOTTINGHAM. London, N .I. Telephone : TER. 2256-7 T el. 4 3 8 2 6 Orams. 'VoUs.

REPTON ENGINEERIN COMPANY i

T E N N A N T STREET, CO Petrol Electric Generating BIRMINGHAM, 15, Plants, H.T. Generators, D.C. M otors, Frequency Changers, etc., up to 25 K.V.A. CHAS. F. WARD, 37 w h i t e p o s t l a n e TELEPHONE: MID. 1792/3 Phone.Amherst 13 9 3 . H A C K N E Y W I C K , E . 9 TELEGRAMS . TONSTILE

Blackheart & WMtteflneairit MALLEABLE CASTINGS FOR THE ELECTRICAL INDUSTRY

NORTH HYKEHAM, LINCOLN Telephone: North Hykeham 206/7 Telegrams: Malleable. Lincoln January 5, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w 57 BRITANNIC CABLES

AN INDEPENDENT COMPANY, MAKERS OF E.H.T.

AND L.T. PAPER MAINS CABLES, VARNISHED CAMBRIC

C.T.S. M INING TRAILING,'/' IVERITE ” INSULATED CABLES

AND THERMOPLASTIC CABLES (P.V.C.)

BRITANNIC ELECTRIC CABLE & CONSTRUCTION CO. LTD. IVER, BUCKS Telephone: IVER 491 ; T e le g ra m s : " BRITANNIC, IVER ” 5 8 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w January 5 , 1 9 4 5

THEIR DESIGN db M ANUFACTURE IS A HIGHLY SPECIALISED INDUSTRY Our claims are based on more than half a century of experience. For present or future plans ; we should be glad to quote for all types of passenger, goods and service lifts, having The EASCO “ CALL BOY’ capacities o f:— . . . for Executive Control 5 6 lbs. to 10 tons Orders transmitted, questions asked, work-progress followed in any desired series of departments. Standard Model has one master-communicator serving up to six May we send you details of sub-stations, each with its own micro-speaker. Quicker our “ Electromatic ” service even than a telephone. lift for canteens ? It saves W rite for particulars. its cost in a year! KEIGHLEY LIFTS LTD. D ept. 3, 9, Victoria St., London, S.W .l Telephone: ABBey 4184 Leeds Manchester Birmingham Keighley EASCO ELECTRICAL 26518 Blackfriars 2903 Centrah6552 3298 6-8 Brighton Terrace, London, S.W.9

PUMPS FOR I ^ CREOSOTE PITCH ./L p AS SUPPLIED TO PETROLEUM A » * BOARD Pump* ,or Petrol, W iter, Tar, Fuel Oil, etc. ^ ^Suction lifts 25ft. without priming. Variable stroke and Auto- ^ matlcaliy Reversible pumps. ROTO PLUNGE PUMP Co. Ltd. 58 V ic to ria S tre e t, S .W .l Phone I VIC 4395 Gram. : Rotoplung

T A e 7?ue9edn ess of*a. M iners

same refiabilifq-same unfailing service C O N C O R D IA CONCORDIA TORCHES POLICE TYPE LAMP Type P.B. Approved by the Ministry of Shipping para viii (emergency lighting) and Primarily designed for use by police forces, but equally useful para xi (2) (h) (Life Saving appliances—equipment of Lifeboats—Morse Signalling) as A.R.P. inspection lamps or by of Wartime Safety Measures, Notice to Shipowners and Ship Masters No. M182. night watchers, when the front Type E.T. For use underground in Mines only. Approved by Ministry of Fuel and Power. lens is modified so as to throw light in downward direction. Type A.E.T. For use in dangerous atmospheres. Approved by the Board of Trade' Can be fined with dry banery (cert. Eg). or non-spillable lead-arid banery. ELCORDIA LTD CONCORDIA TORCHES AND LAMPS January 5, 1945 l u ( i r k a i . R e v i e w 59

POWER TRANSMISSION BY KENYON

I n conjunction with well-known manufacturers of electrical and power transmission machinery, we have D o r it formulated complete data and specifications of power transmission appliances for factory equipment.

W a it - T h e Kenyon service advises impartially on main drives, group and individual machine driving, incor­ porating the most suitable motors and all ancillary P l a n millwrighting.

W E shall be pleased to conduct, without obligation N o w a complete survey and scheme for the smallest to the largest installation.

WM. KENYON & SONS LTD. Write to our DUKINFIELD . CHESHIRE Planning Department [ 1

KV.28a

BIFURCATED TUBULAR & SOLID RIVETS SAW SCREWS-UPHOLSTERY NAILS DRAWING PINS ETC......

Today we can supply only those products which are authorised as Essential so that your valued patronage must be forfeited temporarily to enable us to make our contribution to the War Effort. ¿icôtcrm ûicc W e look forward to the time when we shall M a c A t n a d once more be able to give you the service M. for which we have long been noted and we £ e t ô n û apologise for our inability to serve many 7 & v e £ l of our numerous friends until existing trade restrictions are withdrawn. ON ADMIRALTY. AIR MINISTRY AND MINISTRY OF SUPPLY LISTS -S.&D.RIVET COMPANY (PROP.vSTEELS S BUSKS LTD.) ARIEL WORKS TEMPLE ROAD LEICESTER í ^vwHlk if i*

F l H t K K A l R e \UF\V ELECTRICIANS/ S fu cifa <{ tu e

N e « . euidt. ®B3 .-tj 5

CABLE MARKERS AND SLEEVES

SMALL GEARED MOTOR UNITS ÇinsTap^Pin^Fivors Made Uiidrgc» 43¿ Re* Rivct^. ait d small fchfeectj—al — W itcklàtlu’ Texrjae Ä'S Ihs- £ at 1 r.patL RerersiiL^ — SU ' Ibs. &t 1 r p-Eü. STERNAW Enquiries are solicited* SEBEESE DRAYTON REGULATOR 4 UCHRELD TERRACE. RICHMOND Sc INSTRUMENT CO. LTD. West Dt«Ttoa Middlesex SURREY HkfMmmi Q222 & 4e& '

- - ■ - ^ DÀCÏER '!BAKELITfi rM / C A M 7 I à L ™ A 2 2 . £ Bargates. Sheet and Christchurch. Hants Machined Farb fci'ç?.- C ñnsK ±axú.A '£ WHB .o or* all kinds, o O tttro Qpnam tt Construction Co. Itb.

f t ' *

m 1 ] 40 H.P., T.E. VERTICAL SUBMERSIBLE SALVAGE PUMP M OTOR

-

ST. MARY CRAY, KENT AND BRIDGWATER, SOM.

So why not cover your Electric W r Cables with NEWALLS ^ Atfr MOULDED ASBESTOS and A v prevent damage to them by Fire.

We leave the job “ rzg/ii.”

NEWALLS I N 5 U L AT I 0 N CO. LTD. WASHINGTON S T A T I O N - C O U N T Y DURHAM. C,2 tlLECTRlCAL Ml W January 3, ÍV43 -AGRO BAKELITE BLOCKS- THE ALTERNATIVE TO WOOD BLOCKS AS SUPPL1ED TO THE AIR MINISTRY PROMPT DELIVERY

No. 5050 Round type for one 2' or 2i* 5-ampere switch. No. 7070 Round type for one 2' centre Ceiling Rose. No. 8080 Oblong type for two 2' or 2j" 5-ampere switches. BROWN BAKELITE * T.M.C.-HARWELL (SALES) LTD. BRITANNIA HOUSE, 233 SHAFTESBURY AVENUE, LONDON, W.C.2 Telephone : TEMple Bar 0055 (3 lines) Telegrams : " Arwelidite, W estcenu London ’

\CKHo DAY AND N1GHT ELECTRIC SERVICE

FOR Q U ICK RELIABLE REPAIRS AND REWINDS THE MIDLAND DYNAMO Co. Ltd. LEICESTER Phone 20172 (3 lines)

j * n g e u j s ELECTRIC FIRES

Efficient and Artistic

Make your post-war plans now for sales o f Angelus Fires

INGRAM, KEMP & JOYNER London Office : 21 C u S u ffo lk S u , S S .I NEWTOWN ROW BIRMINGHAM 6 5 . 1 9 4 5 J'i' Uary E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w 63

fkpd down fa

.^ ^ cce ssT o

.§5 As/f /or fully c/escriphve r leaflet ^ ^

ELECTRICAL ---- - CO.. LTD. TRAFFORD PARK MANCHESTER 17.

(n cheasT production B Y ^ g a ,,a a s?v1is,ff»Rt 1 64 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w January 5 , 1 9 4 5

FOR CRANES fir CONVEYORS

(St The current collector equipment p for the 2 ton Travelling Electric f Hoist shown in the illustration, |- was designed and installed by B.I. " •

The equipment comprises three minia- . ture current collectors of the swivel. base and insulated swivel head type, . Renewable carbon inserts are incorpor­ ated and the slippers are centrally pivoted at contact wire level.

B.I. grooved contact wires are supported ■ by porcelain insulators and mechanical ears, giving a non-fouling run-through for the carbon inserts.

Extensive experience in the design, | manufacture and installation of all types J of Power and Traction Equipment., has | given B.I. an unrivalled position in this ‘s field of electrical development:

B .I. Advisory Sendee is available to gbeexpert.::m advice on any projected installatv it. . , / |l BRITISH INSULATED CABLES LTD Head Office : PRESCOT. LANCS.. ENGLAND. Telephone : PRESCOT 6571

London Office : Surrey House, Embankment, W.C.2. Telephone: TEMple Bar 7722 junuary 3 , i y 4 3 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w 6 5

The best card for a “ contract ” is a Fowler engine, giving, “ on demand,” under all conditions, adequate power f o r : - Transmitting, Generating, Lighting and W elding Sets, also Diesel E lectric Locomotives and Cranes, etc.

FOWLERm i

J2-S "

JOHN FOWLER & CO. (LEE D S ) LTD., LEEDS, 10 Telephone: Leeds 30731 to 8. Telegrams : Fowler, Leeds, G 66 Electrical

PRECISION

STEEL CONDUIT CONDUIT FITTINGS

Stocks available at all G.E.C. Branches

Aavt. of The General Electric Co., Ltd., Head Office, Magnet House, Kingsway, London, W.C .2 5 , 1 9 4 5 January E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w (Supplement) 67 CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS • ADVERTISEM ENTS for insertion in the following REPLIES TO advertisements published under a Friday s issue are accepted up to F irst post on Box Number if not to be delivered to any particular M onday, at Dorset House, Stamford Street, London O.XJ..1. firm or individual should be accompanied by instruc­ tions to this effect, addressed to the Manager of the THE CHARGE for advertisements in this section ELECTRICAL REVIEW. Letters of applicants in is 2/- per line (approx. 8 words) per insertion, such cases cannot be returned to them. The name minimum 2 lines 4/-, or for display advertisements of an advertiser using a Box Number will not be 30/- per inch, with a minimum of one inch. Where disclosed. All replies to Box Numbers should be the advertisement includes a Box Number there is addressed to the Box Number in the advertisement, an additional charge of 6d. for postage of replies. c/o ELECTRICAL REVIEW, Dorset House, Stam­ SITUATIONS WANTED. - Three insertions ford Street, London, S.E.l. Cheques and Postal under this heading can be obtained for the price of Orders should be made payable to ELECTRICAL two if ordered and prepaid with the first insertion. REVIEW LTD. and crossed. Original testimonials should not be sent with applications for employment.

SITUATIONS VACANT ROYAL TECHNICAL COLLEGE, SALFORD (Principal: J. E. Richardson, Ph.D.. B.Eng.. None of the vacancies for women advertised in these columns relates to a woman between 18 and -11 unless such M.I.E.E., A.M.I.Mech.E.) woman (a) has living with her a child of hers under the age of 14. or (b) is registered under the Blind Persons Acts, A PPLICATIONS are invited for the post of full-time or (c) has a Ministry of Labour -permit to allow her to Lecturer in Electrical Engineering, to commence obtain employment by individual effort. duties as soon as possible after Easter. 1945. Applicants must have had industrial experience and be capable of COUNTY BOROUGH OF GREAT YARMOUTH teaching Design of Electrical Machinery up to the Higher National and London University Final B.Sc. degree stan­ ELECTRICITY DEPARTMENT dard. together with at least one other advanced electrical subject. Appointment of Charge Engineer and Junior Salary in accordance with the Burnham Technical Scale, Shift Engineer plus war bonus, with allowance for approved industrial experience. A PPLICATIONS are invited from suitable candidates Application forms and further particulars may be for the following positions : obtained from the Principal. Royal Technical College. Peel Park, Salford 5. Lancashire, to whom applications Shift Charge Engineer should be returned not later than 22nd January. 1945. Candidates n ust have had a good practical and techni­ H. H. TOMSON. cal training in mechanical and electrical engineering and Clerk to the Governors. experience in the operation of modern boiler and turbo- 1182 alternator plants. Applicants should be up to Graduateship standard of A DVERTISING Assistant, age about 30 years, required the I.E.E. or possess a first-class B.O.T. Marine Engineer's to prepare technical pamphlets, descriptions of Certificate of Competency. Salary in accordance with mechanical and electrical equipment, catalogues, etc. E.P.E.A. Schedule. Class I Grade 8. Some previous experience would be essential and it is desirable that this should include experience in the elec­ Junior Shift Engineer trical engineering industry. The post would offer excellent Applicants must have experience in the control of large prospects to a first-class man with the right experience. electric supply systems and paralleling turbo-alternator Apply—Brookhirst Switchgear Ltd.. Chester. 1185 plant. They must be technically qualified up to at least À FTER restrictions on the engagement of labour are Ordinary National Certificate in Electrical Engineering removed a well-established firm of electrical power and have had good general engineering experience. Salary switchgear and domestic appliance manufacturers in the in accordance with E.P.E.A. Schedule. Class F. Grade 9. London area desire to engage men for the following per­ manent positions : (a) Draughtsman to take charge of The appointments will be subject to the provisions of small drawing office; (b) Draughtsman for development the Local Government and Other Officers’ Superannuation of new electrical equipment; (c) Works Engineer with Act. 1937, and the successful candidates will be required knowledge of tool design and production, and able to to pass a medical examination. supervise plant maintenance. Applicants should write as Forms of application may be obtained from the under­ soon as possible, giving fullest details of previous ex­ signed. and should be returned in the official envelope perience, employers and salaries earned. This information provided not later than the first post January 16th, 1944. will be dealt with in strictest confidence. Only men of GERARD T. ALJ COCK. initiative and with sound experience need apply U —Box Engineer and General Manager. 1215, c/o The Electrical Review. Electric House. PPLICATIONS are invited for the post of Shift Charge Regent Road. A Engineer. The salary paid and conditions generally Great Yarmouth. 1181 are in accordance with the National Joint Board Schedule. Grade 8. Class F. at present £387 per annum. Aoplicants NORTHAMPTON BOROUGH EDUCATION must have sound theoretical knowledge and practical experience in the operation of H.P. boilers, turbo alter­ COMMITTEE nators. E.H.T. and L.T. switchboards and usual auxiliary plant. Applications, stating age. and giving full parti­ College of Technology culars as to training and subsequent experience, with copies of any testimonials, to be addressed to—The Chief Engineer. Slough Estates Ltd., Trading Estate. Slough. T>EQUTRED in February next, a full-time Teacher of Bucks. 1155 Engineering Subjects for Senior and Junior students. SSISTANT Production Manager to control female Candidates should possess a good University Degree or A labour required by firm of Radio Valve manufac­ an equivalent qualification. Salary in accordance with turers in North London. Candidates should possess ex­ the Burnham Award for Graduate Assistant Teachers in perience in production of radio valves, or lamps, or Technical Schools. . assembly of small electrical components, or mass produc­ Furthet particulars and forms of application may be tion. Salary £420 to £500 p.a., according to qualifications, obtained from the undersigned, by whom the completed plus production bonus. Applications in writing (no inter­ forms must be received by the 20th January. 1945. views). stating date of birth, full details of qualifications H. C. PERRIN. and experience (including a list in chronological order of Secretary for Education. posts held), and quoting reference No. Q.4006XS. should Borough Education Office. be addressed to the Ministry of Labour and National Service Appointments Department. Sardinia Street. " c E rtlfe '. Northampton. Kingsway. London, W.C.2. ngg ¡¡¡ntiary 68 ( Supplem ent) E l e c t r i c a l k e v i e w January 5 , 1 ^ 4 5

A PPLICATIONS are invited for the position of Shift EPRESENTATIVE. Well-known London paint and ¡id sm all Charge. t. Engineer — at— - ° lar lor««6e North-Westwr^*. industrial R varnish manufacturers require experienced Repre­ power station working in conjunction with the “ Grid." sentative with some technical knowledge of manufacturing ■; (dom est Candidates must have had a good practical and technical methods of electrical industry. Reside Greater London ■J jo p o st training in electrical and mechanical engineering, and but be prepared travel as required in U.K. Salary and S erien'. experience in the operation of water tube boiler and expenses with life insurance, pension and bonus schemes. 0 , E lecti turbo-alternator plants. Applications, stating age and Write fully, stating education, experience and remunera­ à strong giving full particulars of experience and training, accom­ tion required, etc., to—“ C. C.,” c/o Streets, 110, Old goal. etc-J panied by not more than three testimonials, to be sent Broad Street, E.C.2 . 1183 ¡sen ( lendn to—Box 1201. c/o The Electrical Review. ö f brooch ; ECOND Distribution Technical Assistant, West Mid­ f t c/o The 1 A SSISTANT Chief Electrical Engineer required in the S lands Joint Electricity Authority. Candidates should f * - near future by leading electrical porcelain manufac- preferably possess a university degree and/or be graduates 0 SING E turers. Experience in high voltage insulation work of the I.E.E. They should have had a good works train­ « 3lire, plooo essential, and applicant should be capable of dealing with ing with an electrical engineering firm of repute. Salary BlnHnkJa research and design problems associated with tenders and £383 p.a., in accordance with Class G. Grade 8a, of the ■Mial m manufacture of the company’s products. Age 35/40 N.J.B. Schedule. The appointment will be subject to the years. Applications should give full details of training Local Government Superannuation Act, 1937, and a satis­ gfrc/oTbeB and experience, also salary expected, but will not be factory medical report. Applicants Should write, quoting Ü 1EU Foren considered if not complying with above requirements.— D.1021XA. to the Ministry of Labour and National Service. arfedge resist Box 1195, c /o The Electrical Review. Central Register, Room 5/17, Sardinia Street, Kingsway. jKr, KM* /^IHIEF Maintenance Engineer required by N.W. London London. W.C.2, for the necessary form, which should be ? .Cû2' ; alsosl ^ firm. Previous supervisory experience in main­ returned completed on or before 13th January, 1945. 1197 : Dpkeep oI tenance of machine tools, boilers, presses and electrical OTORES Clerk required by electrical wholesalers. Good I i$ e st refer« plant essential. Post-war prospects. Salary £500 p.a., ^ knowledge of electrical material essential. Apply— sr;. Üdwycb E plus 40 per cent, bonus. Applications in writing (no London Electrical Company, 92, Blackfriars R d.,S.E.l. 25 îîEertiicaJ E interviews), stating date of birth, full details of qualifica­ s ? military s tions and experience (including a list in chronological rpEMPORARY Junior Mains Engineer, County Borough of Ipswich. Candidates should have had recent ex­ progress order of posts held), and quoting reference No. Q.S.489. i - l t o n . 351 should be addressed to the Ministry of Labour and perience in overhead and underground mains distribution. National Service Appointments Department, Sardinia Salary in accordance with the N.J.B. Schedule. Grade 10a. Street. Kingsway, London, W.C.2. 1196 Class G. rising on merit to Grade 9, Class G, commencing salary to be agreed on the basis of age and experience of f SALE /CONTROL Engineer required to operate modern E.H.T. applicant. Applicants should write, quoting D.1029XA. board and D.C. switchboard at generating station to the Ministry of Labour and National Service, Central i l p i and sei in Home Counties, N.J.I.C. rate 2s. 4Jd. per hour. State Register, Room 5/17, Sardinia Street. Kingsway, London. a ol Resale 0 experience, age, married or single, to — Box 1216, c/o W.C.2, for the necessary forms, which should be returned The Electrical Review. completed on or before 18th January. 1945. 1203 ROMPTON Parkinson Limited have completed their C plans for the maximum production and distribution ANTED, three Electrical Representatives (2 for IE0RGE COHI of an extended range of electrical products both at home W Midlands and 1 for Lancashire and Northern terri­ and overseas in the post-war period. They wish to have tory). Young, keen men with fair technical knowledge available for consideration a comprehensive list of poten­ and with good connections among electric supply authori­ tial Sales Managers and Sales Engineers. The list will ties, large industrial users, factors and the trade generally. GTALLNTE] include employees at present serving with H.M. Forces, Products are wires and cables principally, but other lines men still in the organisation, and suitably qualified men would be added. Excellent prospects for real workers. not previously employed by the company. These last may Apply, giving experience in detail, with references, to— Box 1192, c/o The Electrical Review. at present be employed elsewhere or in the Forces, but IOIOKSL applications would be welcomed setting out fully details of qualifications, experience and outlook. Some of the products to be dealt with are electric motors of all types, APPOINTMENTS FILLED SH switchgear. transformers, cable, lamps, electric vehicles, Dissatisfaction having been so often expressed that un­ electric trucks and accumulators. All correspondence, successful applicants are left in ignorance of the fact that which will be treated in the strictest confidence, should the position applied for has been filled, may we suggest be addressed to—The Chief Personnel Officer. Crompton that Advertisers notify us to that effect when they have Parkinson Ltd., Electra House, Victoria Embankment. arrived at a decision? We will then insert a notice free WOOD L ISE , London. W.C.2. 941 of charge under this heading. iÄ p ta s: ä T ECTURER in Radio, to assist in the training of Naval Radio Mechanics. The candidate must have had a good education in electricity or physics and have a satis­ SITUATIONS WANTED factory knowledge of radio theory and practice. Salary .M.I.E.E.. A.M.I.Mech.E., seeks interesting spare time £350 p.a.—Electrical Department. Robert Gordon’s Tech­ A work. Central or West London area.—Box 6605, c/o nical College. Aberdeen. 1187 The Electrical Review. VERSEAS Employment. Temporary Technical Ad­ .M.I.E.E., with hydro generation, distrib., installation O visers (Electrical) (Foreign Service) required by the A and contract engineering experience, works trained, Admiralty for three years or duration of hostilities in the free shortly, seeks progressive post with supply authorities. Util TUBE i Far East, whichever is the shorter. Commencing salary consultants or mfrs.—Box 6590. c/o The Electrical Review. £250-£400 per annum, according to age. qualifications and experience (plus Civil Service war bonus), and in addition f^lABLE Makers, home or colonies. Have you a Scien- : foreign service allowance appropriate to station is payable tiflc Control Centre in your works? If not. your; from date of taking up duty overseas. Qualifications: sales, design, production, inspection, research and installa­ Good education, with knowledge of electricity and ability tion organisations lack cohesion. Your future depends on to direct work from drawings and diagrams of electro­ being up to date, so employ me to correct this deficiency, mechanical assemblies, relays, radio apparatus, etc. as I have had years of experience, technical and practical, Selected applicants will undergo a short period of training in the cable industry, dealing with paper, cambric, rubber in this country, during which officers necessarily main­ and thermoplastic insulated cables.—Box 6597, c/o The taining dependants other than at the duty station will be Electrical Review. granted billeting terms or subsistence allowance. Written /COMPANY Director of electrical wholesale firm seeks applications, quoting reference No. O.S.390 (no inter­ ^ change in London district. Good organising abilities. views), giving the following essential details: (1) Full —Box 6607, c/o The Electrical Review. name; (2) Date of birth; (3) National Service registration X^LECTRIC Cable Works Executive desires change (post- number; (4) Local office shown on address side of Regis­ -a-J control), management, engineering, production, exist­ tration Card, N.S.2; (5) Medical grade, if known; (6) If ing or projected plant, home or abroad.—Box 6598. c/o liftât: : ^ discharged from the Forces, particulars of service number, The Electrical Review. rank, unit and reasons for discharge; (7) Industrial train­ ing and experience; (8) Name and address of present X^LECTRICAL Engineer. A.M.I.E.E., desires post as employers; (9) Details of present work, should be sent to 1 Works Engineer. 25 years’ experience, maintenance, 5*. EUC’ the Ministry of Labour and National Service Appointments construction, electrical and mechanical, age 44. exempt. %USF Department, Sardinia Street. Kingsway, London, W.C.2. —Box 6603, c/o The Electrical Review. in. PAI Applications will not be acknowledged. 1204 T^LECTRICAL/ Mechanical Engineer, sound commercial ALES Manager with technical background required for background, experienced on rural and similar develop­ S electronics and electrical equipment section of well- ment. H.T. and L.T. distribution, electrical installation known radio and electrical manufacturing concern. Good and factory maintenance, desires position with scope in salary and prospects for the man with the right experience post-war period. Preferably with rural supply authority VI os and ability. Write full details in confidence to—Box 1199. where initiative and experience will be utilised and appre­ »CIO c/o The Electrical Review. ciated.—Box 6601, c/o The Electrical Review. I» m January 5> 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w {Supplement) 6 9 W ist t í ^ ífRí E tact small m Mechanical Engineer desires to con- SOME designs (dom iltS ctui er. wlth view t0 Producing his te W, demand in nosi w„ ppar-t,is)’ „whlch should have large G-POWER UNITS ® Review Period.—Box 6602, c/o The Elec- fro m S to ck ^ R®U. L A“ S f ’s S ™ Fittings. Technical Sales Engineer. ^n f5 mrïir?iai i+ connection electrical trade, industrial commercial etc. high sales record> Warwickshire d e S ; US 3 -k V A ■ÏSït 1° nSi?ntnkrInoKinJ mani*facturers, possibly with view Self-cont.. Semi-portable Petrol Alternating Sets. i'àtssj K S fl p /îiS depot 111 Coventry, now or post-war.— Box 65s9, c/o 1 he Electrical Review. 1 0 -k V A »femt Semi-portable Petrol Welding Sets, A.C. or D.C. Ol PER VISING Electrical Engineer (33). last 8 years as 3 0 -k V A tente. £ ■ j executive, planning, installation and maintenance large Petr./Paraff. Alternat. Set, dir. coupl., lightweight. industrial plants, heavy current A.C. and D.C. equipment 5 0 -k V A electro-chemical and metallurgical, pyrometry. L S t t Petr./Paraff. Altern. Set. rad. cool., semi-port. y^teiiífc controls. I>-Sc., A.M.I.E.E. Available month’s notice_ Box 6600. c/o The Electrical Review notice. - Several others. W IR E Mill Foreman requires situation. Thorough tet.sK II knowledge resistance wires of all descriptions, in­ Any “ Special Duty ” Machinery supplied to your «WíSl cluding Ni-Cr, Ni-Cu, Ni. Al, phosphor bronzes, etc.. requirements at short notice. down to -00- . also strip ; all types of annealing ; experi­ >üai5. 4 enced in upkeep of diamond and synthetic dies- free THE ELECTROPLANT CO. shortly, „highest references available. Write—Box 544 (Est. 1912). Eîl.sl®= c/o Pool s. Aldwych House, London, W.C.2. 1208 PALACE OF ENGINEERING. WEMBLEY. MIDDX. YOUNG Electrical Engineer, Higher National Certificate. U’®$fe¿ -L exempt military service, with 6 years’ varied experi­ 1 210 >1 WeSj. ence. requires progressive position, preferably with con- sultant. Atkinson, 35 Marius Rd., Balham. S.W.17. 6604 REBUILT MOTORS AND GENERATORS te G, etuEQji sudajeáiid FOR SALE T ONG deliveries can often be avoided by purchasing íaots? Diait •*-* rebuilt secondhand plant. We can redesign or replace surplus plant of any size. »*»«.0*1 Traders buying and selling hereunder must observe the ■fcgny.lah Restriction of Resale Order. S. R. & O. 1942 No. 958. - ¿ uübeaa SEND US YOUR ENQUIRIES. •M a OVER 1.000 RATINGS ACTUALLY IN STOCK HERE GEORGE COHEN, SONS & CO. LTD.

Kil fcCTjg for DYNAMO & MOTOR REPAIRS LTD., GUARANTEED ELECTRICAL Wembley Park, Middlesex. Telephone: Wembley 3121 (4 lines).

PLANT. Also at Phoenix Works, Belgrave Terrace, Soho Road, MOTORS. GENERATORS. Handsworth, Birmingham. Telephone: Northern 0898. ILLED SWITCHGEAR. 26 3 cipStd ' nKed&liûi etc. ELECTRIC MOTORS AND DYNAMOS üki nay e efect vbeo ttek I ansrtinctBfe WOOD LANE. LONDON. W.12. E hold one of the largest stocks of New and Second­ Telephone: Shepherds Bush 2070 W hand Motors. Secondhand machines are thoroughly overhauled. Inspection and tests can be made at our and Works. ITED STANNINGLEY. NEAR LEEDS. For Sale or Hire. Send your enquiries to: — s afees*?» * Telephone: Pudsey 2241. a ira-Bui fäi Established 1834. BRITANNIA MANUFACTURING CO. LTD.. 22-23, BRITANNIA STREET. ¡SL CITY ROAD. LONDON. N.I. ism , rae tná WATER TUBE BOILERS IN STOCK r ¿s¡p^ mÄfö Telephone : 5512-3 Clerkenwell. 13 o Ibe Battais s. Hirt yon »sb Four 25,000 lbs. evaporation. 175 lbs. W.P. ARC WELDING MACHINES FROM STOCK : wok:) Ii «t î* Three 20.000 lbs. .. 175 lbs. - jggth iûl isa» One 15.000 lbs. .. 175 lbs. One 12.000 lbs. .. 175 lbs. E offer our latest type No. 2 Max-Arc Welder for One 12.000 lbs. .. 200 lbs. ¡} correct One 12.000 lbs. .. 160 lbs. W immediate delivery, 15/250 amperes. Operates off , taönkai One 9/10.000 lbs. .. 200 lbs. any A.C. supply voltage. Send for details. We install complete, including brickwork. Economisers. MAX-ARC WELDERS LTD., Piping Valves, Generating Sets and Motors in stock. Please send us your enquiries: we can give 190. THORNTON ROAD. CROYDON. immediate delivery. THOrnton Heath 4276-8. ^,..[312511^ ______35 BURFORD, TAYLOR & CO. LTD., Boiler Specialists. Middlesbrough. Öre fe te « ? ECONOMISERS IN STOCK sisáis Telephone : Middlesbrough 2622. ^ TWO Green's Economisers, 208 tubes. 250 lbs. W.P. MODINSTAL ELECTRIC COMPANY LIMITED ILL das £ 1 INDUSTRIAL INFRA-RED APPARATUS FOR Guaranteed re-insurable and first-class condition only, PAINT DRYING. low prices. Quotations per return. Installations delivered ‘‘Sf t ä l S * COMPLETE EQUffMMjgS^OR SINGLE UNITS and erected complete. GUARANTEED HEAT GENERATORS. BURFORD, TAYLOR & CO. LTD., 0X1 7, Commercial Street. Middlesbrough. Telephone 2622. ______65 OLDHAMACTON. WORKS0u W.3, ?L?nS LONDON. nnJERRACE' «“"Si Telephone : Acton 3504 / 5. , nnjj .C. Motors. l/50th h.p. to 3 h.p., from stock, for ïlei» HEC APPARATUS. DULL EMITTER SYSTEM. A essential work only.—The Johnson Engineering Co., liEiB'’1- 59 5. Spencer Street. Leamington Spa. 57 70 (Supplement) E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w January 5, 1945 J a n u r

MAN POWER IS MULTIPLIED -kW Browett Steam Generating Set, 220 volts D.C.: 3 5 1 Weir Feed Pump, 104" X 7" X 21": 60-kW Allenv by the installation of Crude Oil Generating Set, 220 volts; Fuel Oil Tank, 17' X MORGAN ELECTRIC LIFTING BLOCKS. 6' dia.—Harry H. Gardam & Co. Ltd., Staines. I QCC/VkVA Alternator, 400 volts, 3-phase, 50 cycles, 750WJ ¿T/T All capacities A.C. and D.C. Supply. ¿ itJ V J revs., with direct coupled exciter.—Midland Coun-' _ kvS Delivery from 2-3 days. ties Electrical Engineering Co. Ltd., Grice Street, Sponp: Lane. West Bromwich. Q O O -am p. (42-h.p.) Motor, 110 volts D.C., 770 r.p.m., MORGAN LIFTWAYS & POWERWAYS, compound wound, with pulley, slide rails. etc.^?,_m?fc 50. WILKIN STREET. N.W.5. Makers, Thos. Parker Ltd. Apply—Newman. Hender Gul. 1147. 47 Co. Ltd., Woodchester. Glos. * 1186^' Electric Motors, Dynamos, Transformers, Con#"“5, Booster Set by Metropolitan Vickers, comprising verters, etc., etc., at low prices.—S. C. B ils b y .'-^ /^ .f1 A shunt-wound Motor, 4.5 b.h.p., 220 volts, 1,250 A.M.I.C.E., A.M.I.E.E., Crosswells Road, Langley, n e a r^ ^ .* 7*“, r.p.m., 18.2 amps., direct coupled to shunt-wound D.C. Birmingham. Phone, Broadwell 1359. 211 '^■fesrcnn, /"k f\/V k W Turbo-Alternator Set, made by Metro Generator, 100 volts, 1,250 r.p.m., 26 amps. The above ^ \ / r\nll'fnn Hiolrnrp I v, 1 OOA Q r\Vinf n KH T\ori A/1 * are mounted on a heavy cast iron base. Starter for motor 1 politan-Vickers in 1920, 3-phase, 50 period,*0 by Brookhirst. Shunt regulator by Metropolitan Vickers. 400 volts. Steam pressure 200 lbs.; jet condenser. ApplylVvEBS, s May be inspected by appointment.—The National Institute Patons & Baldwins Ltd., Halifax, Yorkshire. 115eJ; 1() fcVl.— for Research in Dairying, Shinfleld, nr. Reading. 1214 A A A lengths of 23/36 Twin Circular Cotton-coverec MoxJeT j large stock of surplus Fibre, Carbon Rods, Ebonite, 2 j v U U Flex, each S' 9" long, fitted with or w ithout ' A A.I.D. Turnbuckles, etc., also Searchlights (sale or bakelite B.C. adaptor.—B'ox 1206, c/o The Electrica hire). Mirrors. Lenses; also Winches of our well-known self- Review. ¡tNCIto sustaining types. Hundreds of thousands supplied during the last 40 years to Govt, depts., corporations and traders. —London Electric Firm, Croydon. 42 ARTICLES WANTED lead Storage Battery. Number of cells 115, in glass CCUMULATOR Plates (old) and lead Peroxide; A boxes. Rated at 18 amps, for 10 hours, complete A actual smelters we pay top price. Also old t with conductors and insulators. Radial end cell switch, batteries, transformers and whole installations purchased automatic cut-in and cut-out. By Record. Electric Co. —Elton, Levy & Co. Ltd.. 18. St. Thomas Street. S.E.lffiloH« L May be inspected by appointment.—The National Institute Hop 2825-6. 3.3£dsctncal acccS for Research in Dairying, Shinfleld, nr. Reading. 1213 /^ O IL Winding Machines wanted for essential work.-i .C. and D.C. House Service Meters, all sizes, quarterly ^ Box 63. c/o The Electrical Review. A and prepayment, reconditioned, guaranteed one year. NAMELLED Copper Wire wanted. Please state Repairs and recalibrations.—The Victa Electrical Co., 47. E tity, make, gauge and price. — Box 61, c/o T h .i^ Battersea High Street, S.W .ll. Tel. Battersea 0780. 19 Electrical Review. y «-,—4 lternator, 500 kVA. 3-p., 50 c., 400/440 v., 750 NGINEERING Technical Books (new or secondhand ^ 4 ( A revs., direct coupled exciter, 2 brgs., on bedplate. E wanted in any quantity. Attractive cash offers. C aL-*-«nT • —Stewart Thomson & Sons. Fort Road, Seaforth, Liver­ —Third floor, 356, Oxford Street. W .l, or “ Stoneleigh,^.-; pool. 21. 58 St. George’s Avenue, Weybridge. /COUNTRY House Lighting Set for sale, consisting of X/TERCURY (Quicksilver) wanted. Write for packing..l.^11ing ^ ^ 5-h.p. Lister crude oil engine, 50/75-v., 24-amp. instructions. Gold. Silver and Platinum also pur_ Mawdsley generator, complete with switchboard. 27-cell chased.—Collingridge & Co. Ltd., Riverside Works. R iveriv^' Pritchett & Gold battery, in perfect condition.—Box 1191, side Road. Watford (Tel. 5963). v c/o The Electrical Review. TTRGENTLY required, Diesel-driven Alternator Set fo™ “¡¡f- ^ ‘•"TVETECT” Watchman's Clock, 6-station, 24-hr., in ^ 1,000 kW at 400 volts, 3-phase, 50 cycles; in one oj“ !^ leather carrying case, with six keys for fastening more units.—Box 1209, c/o The Electrical Review. : to inspection points. Eight guineas.—Electricity Offices. TTSTANTED, Rotary Converters, any size.—U niversal^",1-0011212. n co Ice St. Austell. 1207 • ” 221. City Road. London. E.C.l.- 2: XHAUST Fans, new, 14". 1-phase, 200/250 v.. 1,900 W THETSTONE Bridge, with galvanometer if possible'. *T-- E cu. ft./m in., £11 15s.—Southern Ignition Co. Ltd., required. State full details and price to—J. D a £ ^ ? “ fce 190, Thornton Road, Croydon. 75 & Co. (Derby Works) Ltd., 18, Victoria Park Square— OUR identical 150-kW. “ Weir Sulzer/E.C.C.” London. E.2. ^ o H 3 ^ Bad V F Diesel-driven Generating Sets, 220 volt D.C.—Stewart 9 A A /2 ,0 0 0 -am p ., 6/12-v. Secondhand D.C. Generator,)™ __ Thomson & Sons, Fort Rd., Seaforth, L ’pool, 21. 74 « -Jw w in good condition, with or without driving moto*.• j ESLIE Dixon & Co. for Dynamos, Motors, Switchgear, and exciter. Write, giving particulars and price, to—‘2, ™ C L Chargers and Telephones.—214, Queenstown Road. Box 1202, c/o The Electrical Review. Battersea, S.W.8. Telephone, MACaulay 2159. Nearest so 1945 rjATITAl, sood«m and factory spare available for the miscellaneous wanted lit'cal »05 metal goods. Suitable for the fa“?Z ON'T Part With Your Plans. Produce blue prints ^ F K T B E«t l?f,"d novelty trades. Ideas and patents D and black line copies, etc.. in your own office with­ ( c/o The Electrical Review. . out glass frame, privately and economically. "Arcoflex l’mii-c! raetgJs ?? Grinding Work up to 1" dia. reQU’ced; Copiers from 28 shillings. As supplied to H.M. Govern­ R E & ~ ...I & t» 4 ‘S?n>ating materials ground toSurrey. clo ment.—W. R. Boughton, 53, Kenley Road. Merton. Ttetephone 3392"' Ottways Avenue. Ashtead, 6606 London. S.W.19 43 X>HOTOGRAPHY. A photograph says more than a centres aSi Work* for Centre Lathes up to 6i in. thousand words. Realistic photographs for catalogues, preferred).—-Xhe Tmedhim-sized milling (good grade worK brochures and general reproduction purposes for present lands 4871. London Electric Firm. C ro y d o n . cp and after-the-war uses. Records made of present work, f p a h r s premises, etc.—Miles & Kaye Ltd.. Industrial Photo- R aocks"andCiookwoiiI Controllers. T im e Switches graphers. 100. Southampton Row, London, W.C.l. Tele- in connection withTt w t -nii ot clockwork- ^ =u?ned Phone, HOLborn 6858. Established over 50 years. 1184 n R?me^ntativelywm S “ in London area if required t \ v f -5 v Hushes 58 EDUCATIONAL NOTICES Victoria Street. London.' S.W .i.’ Ph?ne. Victoria 0134! l a t e s t a .m .i .e .e . r e s u l t s JLvv1*, and three-phase. All types k m « ! iiQ w i M avw S ° i n r.Mransioriner Co. (Phone. Bilston 41959), Moxley Road, Bilston. Staffs. 11 TN the recent Examinations held by the Institution of . . Electrical Engineers 477 Candidates sat who had AGENCIES taken B.I.E.T. courses. Of these 457 were successful in passing the examinations. We believe this record of 457 DVERTISERS operating in Palestine and Transjordan successes out of 477 entrants has never before been A desire agencies of British manufacturers wishing to approached by any oral or correspondence tutorial develop export trade in electricals. Please apply—Box organisation, and indicates the very high efficiency of 6599. c/o The Electrical Review. the modern system of Technical Training which we have GENCIES required for London, South of England, for laid down. A the following: (1) Domestic electrical appliances- The B.I.E.T. tutorial organisation is waiting to assist (2) Brass electrical accessories, switch plugs, etc.; (3) Con­ you either with a short specialist course or complete duit. Advertisers have clientele with every wholesaler in training for a recognised examination. the territory mentioned. Immediate turnover can be guaranteed. Either commission or buying basis. Post­ We have available a large full-time staff of instructors, war arrangements considered.—Box 64, c/o The Elec­ while the efficiency of our extensive organisation is a trical Review. byword among engineers A GENCIES required. South of England, including the London area: (a) Cables; (b) Small Switchgear; (c) WE GUARANTEE—“ NO PASS— NO FEE” Transformers: or any lines suitable for distribution for May we send a copy of “ ENGINEERING OPPOR­ wholesalers’ business.—Box 40. c/o The Electrical Review. TUNITIES” ? Containing a great deal of useful advice XpIRE. Agency firm open to represent manufacturers and detailed information on over 200 Home-Study Courses J -i on sole selling rights, immediate or post-war. Pro­ and examinations, this handbook is of very real value to gressive organisation established. Replies to—Box 1148, the ambitious engineer. c/o The Electrical Review. "C^XPORT Trade. British firm about to open branch in Our highly informative handbook will be sent FREE Paris is anxious to contact other manufacturers with and without obligation on request. a view to representing them in France. Further details from—Box 1212. c /o The Electrical Review. BRITISH INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING TXOUSEHOLD Appliances. Business man from S. Africa. TECHNOLOGY. J-J- now planning operations there, wishes to contact Established 1927—over 200.000 students. manufacturers of all electrical or mechanical domestic equipment to launch new products or establish new 12, Shakespeare House, 17, IS & II, Stratford Place, names.—Box 407, Reid Walker. Salisbury Square House. Oxford 'Street, London, W.l. E.C.4. 1205 33 I f AN U FACT U KERS* Agents, covering the whole of LLL Great Britain and Colonies, are desirous of contact­ Great Possibilities for ing manufacturers with a view to sole selling rights (either TECHNICALLY QUALIFIED ENGINEERS commission or buying), post-war arrangements considered. —Box 23, c/o The Electrical Review. Key Men In War-Time and Afterwards X> EPRESENTATION in South Africa required of -LV British manufacturers of electrical speciality equip­ rpH E finest posts and the great majority of posts in ment by well-established firm of electrical engineers.— J- Great Britain in this war are technical. The same Box 1194, c/o The Electrical Review. will be the case when the war is over. The vast increase in mechanisation now being applied to war purposes will then be suitably utilised in reconstruction, and in trade BUSINESSES FOR SALE and commerce. Take a recognised Engineering Quali­ AND W A N TED fication through home-study with the T.I.G.B.. whose Students have gained 35 FIRST PLACES in the LECTRICAL and Radio, good position busy town. 60 A.M.Inst.C.E., A.M.I.E.E.. A.M.I.Mech.E., A.F.R.Ae.S., E miles west of London, excellent premises on lease, etc.. examinations. Write to-day for ” The Engineer’s good accommodation, turnover £6.000. large profits, Guide to Success.” containing the world's widest choice present hands 14 years, retiring, £1,350, sav.—Lansley. of engineering Courses—over 200—covering all branches: 53. Friar Street, Reading. 1188 Electrical. Aeronautical. Mechanical, Wireless, etc. "U'LECTRICAL Business for disposal. Offers are invited for the whole or. if desired, the greater part of the THE TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF issued share capital, amounting to 4.238 shares of £1 each, GT. BRITAIN, of the well-known Glasgow Company of Electrical Engi­ 35, Temple Bar House, London, E.C.4. neers and Contractor.M essrs. Woodward. Sons & Com- ______77 pany Limited. artS-years a8°- Further particulars from ^incorporated A ? dltoi's- Messrs. Robert T. Dunlop & C o . 45. Renfield ADVERTISEMENT Street. G la s g o w . » genuinely intereSfld be made avail­ able to princiP jJfJW 1189. c /o 'T h i v ° ,r ‘heir duly authorised agent5- -cue -electrical Review. COPY AND BLOCKS -c-g W A N TED should reach us 15 days preceding rPREM n c i l l Vr rrgquirea. ^ 1i're^ ' ,_^®°dern Modern Fa^f^ ] date of Issue addressed to TTR G EN Tt^.1. abtou‘r ^¿°00 W I5,000I o n s 'll Preferably U single Sfoii-.J Farmer fc s„„?ncJ. Part ELECTRICAL REVIEW . 40 Dortat H oui*. Stamford Straat fldence feÇflÆ* 12i 7 London. 1217 LONDON, S.E.I 72 (Supplement) E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w January 5, 1945 An entirely new Insulation Varnish SHERWOODS “600”

Introducing a new Therm o-Setting Impregnating Oil Varnish which has succeeded in cutting production tim e and costs because of its short stoving tim e at low tem peratures.

The main features are :— (1) Penetration to the heart of the coil. (2) Solidifies inside the coil w ithout oxidation. (3) Long life and excellent flexibility, high di-electric strength and no " throw ing.” (4) Dries out completely in centre of coil. NOTE THE CLEAN CUT (5) Approved by the Air M inistry and Adm iralty SOLID TO THE CORE~

SHERW OODS PAINTS LTD., BAR KING , ESSEX. Rippleway 3001

MICANITE OF MERIT ut every form

cct/ered bate

v a t / i e w

tu ie é , U ru*u/tj

fle*i£U ( m m Jdtrty ¿heet i m é ÿ e â .e fc i M t p e i

MANUFACTURE' D AND GUARANTIED tr.. GIBSON. TODD £ CO.LTD INSULATION CO. LTD., GLOUCESTER AllEAT MILLS • HOLIINWOOD Janu,ary 5 , 1 9 4 5 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w {Supplement) 7 3

You'll remember w a m m m u t m for A((uràfejfl?àsvrem en t$ DALY f o r

Moving Coil Instruments ELECTROLYTIC 2 ". 2 y , 3 y , r Bakelite Cases Flush or Projecting

CONDENSERS High-grade Instruments, first-class workmanship, robust construction CONDENSER SPECIALISTS and constant accuracy under all FOR OVER 20 YEARS conditions. W ill withstand shocks and overloads out o f all proportion Daly (Condensers) Ltd. to th e ir size and capacity. West Lodge Works, The Creen, Ealing, W.5 Telephone : Ealing 4841 SIFAM ELECTRICA L INSTRUMENT CO. LTD. TORQUAY DEVON

RADIO and

P O W E R TRANSFORMERS

UP TO ESTABLISHED 1887 5. K . Vo A. PLASTIC RAW MATERIALS IN SHEETS. RODS & TUBES VACUUM IMPREGNATED EBONITE LAMINATED BAKELISED SHEET r. M. ELECTRIC LTD. CASEIN CAST RESIN team valley, ETC. GATESHEAD, n. 53b, CITY ROAD LONDON, E.C.I 7 4 ( Supplement) Electrical Review January 5 , 1 9 4 5

A MANUFACTURING SERVICE

for the production of articles from PLASTIC MATERIALS (including Rubber and Synthetic Rubber) We offer a comprehensive service for the production of certain plastics required ELECTRI for priority work. You are invited to •TRUCKS submit particulars of yourrequirements. "TRACTORS LORI V At * LOCOMOTIVES conserve man-power PLASTICS WINGROVE & ROGERS UNITED EBONITE AND LORIVAL LIMITED LIMITED LITTLE LEVER* NEAR BOLTON* LANCASHIRE BROADWAY COURT. BROADWAY. LONDON. S.W.I PHOHE: FARNWORTH 6 7 6 ( l LIN ES) GRAMS: ‘ EBONITE ’ LITTLE LEVER Gfl

FAMOUS THROUGHOUT THE WORLD

“ There is a type for every radio purpose, and it is the right type. Satisfaction as­ sured if it bears our name.”

BADIO INSTRUMENTS LTD. Parley Wau. Croydon. Thornton Heath _ 3211 (,Supplement) 75 January 5, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w

WELLS OIL FILTERS and the Three Cores of Flux are there. We make Ersin Multicore Solder Wire as fine as 22 S.W.G. (.028 in.) and give OLD Oil it has three cores of Ersin Flux throughout a contin­ uous length of one mile. The more commonly used NEW LIFE are larger gauges 13 to 18 S.W.G. Use Ersin Multicore and W ith W ells’ Waste Oil Filter you can use your oil several times over and change it more often. A 1. You need not worry thoroughly reliable cupply of oil is assured with the whether or not the use of Wells' Special Filter Pads which work in flux is present. 3 cores ensure i t . conjunction with W ells’ Patent Siphon Feed. 2. You get Ersin Flux—the fastest action, no»- corrosive, safety flux (approved by A.I.D. and G .P.O.) which speeds up soldering and obviates “ H.R. " or " dry ” joints. If you are engaged on Government contracts, write for technical information and samples.

MULTICORE SOLDERS LTD..COMMONWEALTH HOUSE. LONDON, W.C.I. Tel: CHAncery 5171 '2

WHIR! QUALITY 1$ SPECIFIED —

Sold under the names SCRUIT, TENBY, “ G ” SCRUIT. Made bv V. G. M A N U F A C T U R IN G CO.. LTD., Gorst Road, Park Royal. London, N.W.10. Distributors: S. O. Bowker, Ltd., Regent Row, Birmingham, and GEE (Birmingham), Ltd., 249 Icknieid Street, Birmingham. 76 (Supplem ent) E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w January 5, 1945

PAGE Electro Dynamic Construction Co. Ltd...... 61 Index to Advertisers Electro Methods Ltd...... 78 PAGE Elliott Bros. (London) Ltd...... 41 Aberdare Cables Ltd Cover i English Electric Co. Ltd...... 9 Aerialite Ltd...... 4 Ensel Electric Co. Ltd...... 54 Agro Electrical Co. Ltd...... 62 Evans, F. W., Ltd...... 80 Armorduct Cable Co. Ltd Cover iii Ferranti Ltd...... 11 Association of Steel Conduit Manufacturers.. Cover ii Fowler, John, & Co. (Leeds) Ltd...... 65 Baker Platinum Ltd...... 47 General Electric Co. Ltd Cover iv & 66 B.E.N. Patents Ltd...... 78 Gibson, Todd & Co. Ltd...... 72 Berry’s Electric L td...... 44 Godwin, H. J., Ltd...... 52 B. & H. (Nottingham) Ltd...... 56 Harrison & Co. (Lincoln)...... 56 Bill Switchgear Ltd...... 3 Hawkins, L. G., & Co. L t d ..,...... 50 Birkbys Ltd...... 79 Heatrae Ltd...... 1 Bolton, Thomas, & Sons Ltd...... 29 Heayberd, F. C., & Co. Ltd...... 58 Bowker, S. O., Ltd...... 38 Helios Laboratories...... 56 Britannic Electric Cable & Construction Co. Ltd... 57 Henley's, W. T., Telegraph Works Co. Ltd... 13 & 77 British Electric Resistance Co. Ltd...... 32 Heyes & Co. Ltd...... 8 British Insulated Cables Ltd...... 64 Igranie Electric Co. Ltd...... 25 British Thomson-Houston Co. Ltd...... 5 Ingram, Kemp & Joyner...... 62 Brook Motors Ltd...... 7 Ismay, John, & Sons Ltd...... 74 Bruce Peebles & Co. Ltd...... 2 Johnson, Matthey & Co. Ltd ...... 46 Brush Electrical Engineering Co. Ltd...... 23 Johnson & Phillips Ltd...... 33 Bulpitt & Sons L td Cover iii Johnson, Richard, Clapham & Morris Ltd...... 54 Cambridge Instrument Co. Ltd...... 44 Keighley Lifts Ltd...... 58 Canning, W., & Co. Ltd...... 19 Kenyon, William, & Sons Ltd...... 59 Clarke, H., & Co. (Manchester) Ltd...... 25 Kimber, B., Allen & Co...... 60 Concordia Electric Wire & Cable Co. Ltd...... 34 Klaxon Ltd...... 57 Cossor, A. C., Ltd...... 55 Lancomotors Ltd...... 50 Crompton Parkinson Ltd...... 6, 35 & 51 Londex Ltd...... 80 Crypton Equipment Ltd...... 26 London Electric Wire Co. and Smiths Ltd...... 36 Cryselco Ltd...... 30 Low, Archibald, Electrics Ltd...... 76 Dacier Ltd...... 60 Martindale Electric Co. Ltd...... 45 Daly (Condensers) Ltd...... 73 Mather & Platt Ltd...... 49 De La Rue Insulation Ltd...... 37 McKechnie Bros. Ltd...... 2 De La Rue Plastics Ltd...... 37 M.C.L. & Repetition Ltd...... 1 Dennis, G. P., Ltd...... 50 Medway Corrugated Paper Co. Ltd...... 27 Donovan Electrical Co. Ltd...... 80 Mercury Switch Mfg. Co. Ltd...... 54 Drake & Gorham Wholesale Ltd...... 8 Metallic Seamless Tube Co. Ltd...... 75 Drayton Regulator & Instrument Co. Ltd...... 60 Metropolitan-Vickers Electrical Co. Ltd 20 & 63 Dyson & Co. Enfield (1919) Ltd...... 80 Metway Electrical Industries Ltd...... 80 Easco Electrical...... 58 Elcordia Ltd...... 58 (Continued on page 78)

OIL HEATING We have developed a new range of Electric Oil Heaters for use with Creosote “ B " and Creosote/pitch "C P .” mixture.

• Prices and — J1.! .... Specifications on application.

ARCHD. LOW ELECS. LTD. Newarthilf, Motherwell, Scotland January S, 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e m e w (Supplement) 77

"'"STOLON'"' INDUSTRIAL ELECTRIC APPLIANCES Solon Electric Soldering Irons are, of txntrse, only arail- i for essential tear wort. SOLON ELE<______SOLDERING IRON

SOLON ELECTRIC INSULATION STRIPPER SOLON Industrial Electric Appliances are designed for practical use under factory conditions. They are robust and efficient. The Soldering Iron illustrated is repre­ sentative of a range which includes models with various types of bits suitable for a wide variety of jobs. The Insulation Stripper provides a quick method of severing the insulation neatly without damaging the conductor, by means of an electrically heated wire. The Solder Pot maintains Jib. solder at working temperature. Please write for Folder Y9.

W. T. HENLEY’S TELEGRAPH WORKS CO., LTD. MILTON COURT, WESTCOTT, DORKING, SURREY 78 (Supplement) E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w January 5, 1945 Index to Advertisers (Continued from page 76) p a g e Midland Dynamo Co. Ltd...... 62 Midland Electric Mfg. Co. Ltd...... 31 Moffats Ltd...... 24 Moulded Products Ltd...... 65 Multicore Solders Ltd...... 75 New Insulation Co. Ltd...... 72 Newalls Insulation Co. Ltd...... j ...... 61 Newton, L. H., & Co. Ltd...... 22 Nife Batteries Ltd...... 18 RELAYS Photostat Ltd...... 53 Pirelli-General Cable Works Ltd...... 39 with Mercury and Metal Contacts Pope’s Electric Lamp Co. Ltd...... 10 Pressed Steel Co. Ltd...... 55 Pritchett & Gold & E.P.S. Co. Ltd...... 53 Pyrene Co. Ltd...... 34 Radio Instruments Ltd...... 74 AUTOMATIC TEMPERATURE Repton Engineering Co...... 56 Revo Electric Co. Ltd...... 40 Reyrolle, A., & Co. Ltd...... 21 (OITROLLERS R. M. Electric Ltd...... 73 Robinson, Lionel, & Co. Ltd...... 43 Ross Courtney & Co. Ltd...... 1 Rotoplunge Pump Co. Ltd...... 58 Rowlands Electrical Accessories Ltd...... 12 1IMIDITY* COITROI Runbaken Electrical Products...... 78 Sanbra Ltd...... 52 Sankey, Joseph, & Sons Ltd...... 16 S. & D. Rivet Co...... 59 Sherwoods Paints Ltd...... 72 PRECISION WIRE-WOUND Siegrist, E., Ltd...... 60 Siemens Electric Lamps & Supplies Ltd...... 3 Sifam Electrical Instrument Co. Ltd...... 73 RESISTOR) Simplex Electric Co. Ltd...... 28 Spicers Ltd Cover iii St. Helens Cable & Rubber Co. Ltd...... 42 Statter, J. G., & Co. Ltd...... 48 Sternaw Co. Ltd...... 60 EARTH PROTECTION Symonds, R. H., Ltd...... 54 Thom Electrical Industries Ltd...... 17 Butcher-Black & Decker System T.M.C.-Harwell (Sales) Ltd...... 62 Tungstalite Ltd...... 76 Uhlhom Bros. Ltd...... 73 Union Lamp & Lighting Co. Ltd...... 52 United Ebonite & Lorival Ltd...... 74 Vandervelde, L...... 78 BATTERY CHARGERS Veritys Ltd...... 45 V. G. Manufacturing Co. Ltd...... 75 , c w i TRICKLE CHARGERS Walsall Conduits Ltd...... 14 Ward, Chas. F ...... 56 Trouble-free Chargers frtted Wells, A. C., & Co. Ltd...... 75 with selenium all-metal rectifi­ Westinghouse Brake & Signal Co. Ltd...... 15 cation. Thirty years’experience Westminster Engineering Co. Ltd...... 1 behind every Runbaken pro­ Wingrove & Rogers Ltd...... 74 duct. A few Agencies available. Wright, Bindley & Gell Ltd...... 32 Yorkshire Electric Transformer Co. Ltd...... 77 Booklet Q.S. giving useful informa­ tion and describing 12 Models, on request. The fact that goods made of raw materials In short supply owing to war conditions are advertised in this Journal should not be taken as an Indication that l Lö they are necessarily available for export MA»CMfcST£P A |

y 'C u t, Split. Gauged e- Processed L. to all shapes, sizes and 1 MMLDE, requirements. Gnome Works, VARNISHED Stansted.Essex./ INSULATING SLEEVING TELEP&TELEC?: JV / e/rgc/yr/es STANSTED 32ÖI o r o / n p y jy B E N PATENTS LTD., HIGH WYCOMBE deaJf vr/l/t Jqui 'Uary 5, 1945 E l e c t r ic a l R e v ie w (Supplement) 79

Alice in Plasticland ” N o 10

^ lice meets the tltould tllaher

“ W h a t a self-contained place this i intricate the mould the more is ," tho ugh t Alice. Every process w o rk goes in to it. Y ou’d be under the same roof. She was amazed w hat a lo t o f w o rk goes into the preparation of the mould watching the nimble fingers of fo r a Telephone Push the mould maker. “ Accur­ Button Instrument.” I cer­ acy and precision are the tainly would, mused Alice key note of this depart­ and moved along to a do or ment," said the mould marked Inspection Depart­ m aker. “ And the more ment. PIASY1CS

Fat! reliable information and data from Research Section. BIRKBYS Ltd.. Uversedge. Yorkshire 8 0 ( Supplem ent) E l e c t r i c a l R e v ie w January 5 , 1 9 4 5

Specialists in DIECASTINGS for the ELECTRICAL TRADE

Note the tongue which ensures perfect and permanent contact. Easy to fix. Nuts cannot turn. All sizes from half to two inches THE DONOVAN ELECTRICAL CO. LTD. BIRMiNGHAM 9 Electrical M anufacturers and Stockholders

REMOTE C O N T R O L BAKELITE------O F S T R E E T MOULDINGS AND LIGHTING MASTER — ERINOID sw /re u RELAY. T O A N Y t O r n i n g s „ P/LOT 7 B A TT E R Y. SPECIFICATION This simple arrange­ ment in wide use U C fT T S . FREDERICK W. EVANS LTD. Ask for leaflet PLASTIC WORKS 104/ER LONG ACRE, BIRMINGHAM 7 L 0 N D E X -LTD MANUFACTURERS OF RELAYS TELEPHONE: EASt 1286 & 1287 *womsy 207-ANERLEY ROAD’ LONDOH’ S'E’ 20 SYOtHH<*»Th2Mh ■>

Printed in Great Britain at T h e Ch a p e l R iv e r P r e s s , Andover, Hants, and published by E l e ctr ic a l R e v ie w , L im it e d . at D’orset House, Stamford Street, London, S.E.l. hnuaiy 5 1945 E l e c t r i c a l R e v i e w RMQRDUÇT n OTUS P.V.C. CABLES to STA N D A R D SPECIFICATION S ARMORDUCT CABLE CO. LTD. 256 WESTMINSTER BRIDGE ROAD, S.E.I Phone: WATerloo 6056 7 onii a t BIRMINGHAM - LEEDS - BRISTOL

In these days of tremendous war effort where high quality in materials is o f paramount importance “ Sistoflex” remains unsurpassed

SPICERS LIMITED

19 NEW BRIDGE ST., LONDON, E.C.4. Telephone : CENTRAL 4211

j Restricted ALUMINIUM DOMESTIC WARE & ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES QmM» January 5 , 1 9 4 5

8o-watt, 5 ft. FLUORESCENT LAMPS NEW COLOUR In addition to the existing Daylight Colour, a new WARM WHITE lamp is now available for use in situations where a warmer light is desired. REDUCED PRICE Improved manufacturing methods and in­ creased production have made possible a reduction in price to take effect on . . .

^ lst January, 1945

From 30'- each to 24/- e a c h

This price applies to both the Daylight colour and Warm White lamps.

Announcement o f The General Electric Co.. Ltd.. Magnet House. Kingsway, London. W .C.2