A NEWS BULLETIN published quarterly by the NEW ZEALAND ANTARCTIC SOCIETY

EMPEROR PENGUINS AND CHICKS AT C'APE CROZIER. Photo: Gu Mann rin .

SEPTEMBER, 1966 Vol. 4, No. 7 SEPTEMBER. 1966

Editor: L. B. Quartermain, M.A.., 1 Ariki Road, Wellington, E.2, e Zealand. Assistant Editor: Mr R. H. Wheeler. Business Communications, Subscriptions, etc., to: Secretary, e Zealand Antarctic Society, P.D. Bo 2110, Wellington, .Z.

co TENTS

EXPEDITIONS New Zealand 322 VUWAE, 1966 325 Canterbury University Programme for 1966-1967 327 France . 333 Belg:um . 336 South Africa 336 Japan 337 U~S.S.R . 339 Australia 342 United Kingdom 344 Chile 346 Argentina 347 U.S.A. 348 Second Winter Flight 329 Sub-Antarctic Islands .... 357 Whaling 353 Antarctic Stations - 7 - SANAE 354 The Veterans Pass 359 Inertial Navigation Finds South Pole: David Burke 362 Seal Marking in McMurdo Sound: I. Stirling ...... 363 Emperor Penguin Rookeries of Victoria Land: H. J. Cranfield 365 The Reader. Writes 367 Antarctic Bookshelf 368 50 Years Ago 370 322 ANTARCTI'C September. 1966 RING INDS EW Z AL DT AM A ER RT FI D At Scott Base a number of the men who have been wintering over have taken an early opportunity of getting out on preliminary field, journeys in the more-than-crisp -early spring temperature.

On Friday, August 12, Bartlett, the vicinity of - 40° F., have made the Greeks, Junge and Randall took two snow "holding" and the skiing cor­ dog-teams out to Station 81, a small respondingly slow. insulated hut placed there b American scientists three or four RARE CLOUDS years ago, and used extensively by Rare 50-mile high luminous night Arnold Heine in more recent years. clouds were observed and photo­ The station is on the Ice Shelf about graphed from Scott Base on the 14 miles south of Scott Base and afternoon of July 23. seven miles north of Black I land, The noctilucent clouds, the highest not far from "Outer Williams" air­ that occur in the earth's atmosphere, strip. The outward run took them are thought to be composed of ice­ three hours and the home-run on covered particles of meteoritic dust the 15th somewhat less. from space. They are illuminated by Prebble and Porter (Leader and the sun, and are best observed at Chief Scientific Officer respectively) high latitudes when the sun is be­ went out the same day by snotrac tween six and 16 degrees below the to Station 213 in order to note the horizon. temperatures recorded by the geo­ The clouds are 40 miles above the physicists' thermo-couples left there zone of the earth's weather, and by the ice-drilling team last summer. appear as beautiful pearly-white The two men went on to Station 81 veils, band or waves, in the zone and after a short time with the other between the twilight arch and the four returned to Scott Base the same horizon. day. Until 1964 there had been only On the 21st Bartlett, Davidson, three reported sightings of the Greeks and Vickers took the dog­ cloud" in the outhern hemisphere. team out to 81 again. Davidson and The Scott Base clouds were first Vickers stopped there while the een by meteorological observer R. other two men sledged across to Vickers. He alerted Scott Base senior White Island and camped there. scientist Dr. A. Porter, who photo­ Next day they climbed Mount Nipha graphed them. They appeared as (2,500 ft. approx.) and returned to three parallel band to the north­ 81 th same day. All four men were west. back at Scott Base the following da , August 23. SCOUT TEAM NEW SKI-RV From some 30 applicants, the fol­ The old skiing slope we t of Scott lowing Queen's Scouts have been Base is now regarded as dangerous selected to work with the ew Zea­ becau e of the ice-shelf at the end of land team at Scott Base thi sum­ the run, resulting from the big mer: break-out of ice last summer. So a David S. Goulden (Southbridge), new area has be n selected, giving a 17, run down from the Castle Rock area Dennis J. Hunt (Lower Hutt), 16, to the Ice Shelf east of Scott Base. Anthony G. Mort (Ha ting ), 17, Some kiing here has already been with Royce P. McGlashen (Rich­ tried, but the low temperature , in mond) as an emergenc . September, 1966 ANTARCTI'C 323

and spent three ears in Whangarei, TO WINTE OVE A then transferred to the Engineer-in­ Chief's office in Wellington, here he SCOT · BASE is employed as a radio inspector. COLI . CLARK, Leader (see last issue). BRYA D. GEORGE (24), Chrlst­ church. Cook. Born in Christchurch, GORDON B. DAWSON (36), Taupo. r: r. George was at the Christchurch Senior Techrllcal Officer. A married Polytechnic Institute, 1956-58. He man ith two children, Mr. Da ",son entered the Ro al N.Z. avy in 1954 is emnloyed b, Geophysics Division, and was in the avy for se en year . D.S.I.R.: principally on geothermal During this period he served in the research and vulcanolog . He as Far Ea 1. the United States and Au ­ horn in ew York, but came to Ne, tralia. This will be hi s cond period Zealand as a boy and attended Well­ a Scott Base cook; he served in the ington College, 1944-6. He then re­ same capacity at the base through­ turned to the United States and had out 1964. further schooling there. Back in ROBERT J. SOPP (24), Kaingaroa New Zealand he was at Victoria Forest. Fitter mechanic. A Wairoa Uni ersit of Wellington 1951-3 and bo whose earl life a pent at continued his profe ional tudie at Lake Waikaremoana, he attended the Technical' Correspondence Insti­ Wanganui Technical College and tute and at the Central Institute of served his apprentice hip with the Technolog . He started ork \vith N.Z. Forest -Service at Kaingaroa, the D.S.I.R. in 1950 and becam~ a where he still lives. He is married member of the nermanent staff in and has one child. 1953. Mr. Dawson is a keen , achts­ man and kier. , 40BI KIDD (22), Palmerston North. Fitter mechanic. Mr. Kidd PETER C. WHITEFORD (23), Blen­ was born in Scotland and has onl heim. Scientific Officer. Mr. Whjte­ been in New Zealand for about 12 f()t"d holds the de~rees of B,,,,r month. After four year at Oban (Physic and Maths.) and B.E. High School he rved his appren­ (elect.) Hons. Born jn Blenheim, he ticeship and then he worked for an was at Marlborouph College for I-"'Q:ricultural and motor engineering seven ears and at Canterbury Uni- firm in Paisle , Scotland, from 1959 ersity' for five years,and then pent till last year, and has been doing the nine months in mechanical engineer­ same type of work in Palmerston ing workshops and ith electrical North. He is -.ell qualified in mot~r rontractor. He was 0 erseas (in and diesel ehicle maintenance. He I Hollal).d) when appointed to the a member of the Manawatu Tramp­ Antarctic team and returned to e ing Club. He is ingle. Zealand for the training course. CHRISTOPHER M. RICKARDS (29) WARWICl( N. EARI-J (22), Chri t­ Palmerston North. Fitter Electrician. church. T~chnician. Born in Christ­ Born in Uruguay, Mr. Ricka ds went church, Mr. Earl as at Christ's with hi parents to England as a College for fi e ear (1957-61). He, small boy and wa educated at holds a first c ?SS certificate in Radio schools in England. His family came Technology, and has been employed to New Zealand when he wa 12 and a a technician ith the .Z. Broad­ he attended Palmer ton orth Boy' casting Corporation ince 1962. High School. He has been ith the N.Z. Electricity Department for. 10 ROBERT H. MURDOCH (25). Lin­ ears. He is no a power statIon den. Technician. Mr. Murdoch a. electrician. born and educated in Scotland. He came to ew Zealand, after some NOnlIVIAI\T C. WHITE (40), Tauranga. ears' service ith the Marconi Com­ Radio Officer. Mr. White as born pany, in 1960, and joined the Union _ Ha arden and a at Chri t- S.S. Co. H married a ew Zealand church W t High School fro n 1939 girl in 1961 and has three children. to 1941. He i a registered electrical He later join d the .Z. Po t Offic er iceman and ha been emplo ed 324 ANTARCTIC September, 1966 in the Post Office and elsewhere as telegraphist, radio mechanic, service­ SUMMER PARTIE,S man, field technician, etc. During the Additional base personnel and war he served in the R.N.Z.A.F. ser­ members of field teams for the vicing radio and radar installations. 1966-7 summer are as follows: He is a married man with seven children. AT SCOTT BASE I D. R. C. Lowe, Deputy Leader. Mr. TRAINING PROGRAMME Lowe was leader of the Camp­ More than 40 men pent the week bell Glacier team last summer. August 12-19 at Waiouru military D. H. Brown, Postmaster and camp and on Mount Ruapehu pre­ assistant Radio Officei. paring to participate in the 1966-7 D. N. Webb, Public Relation New Zealand Antarctic programme. Officer. On the Saturday and Sunday lec­ J. Caswell, Carpenter. tures were given at Waiouru by R. Tatham, Assistant Ma~ntenance authorities on such subjects as Fire O'fficer. Protection (with demonstration), the R. G. Rae, Assistant Maintenance Fauna of the Ross Sea region, United Officer. States activities in Antarctica, Ant­ R. C. Exton, Storekeeper. arctic Clothing and Equipment, and W. R. Orchiston, Field Assistant. Personal Health and Hygiene in GEOLOGICAL S·URVEY PARTIES Antarctica. O'n the Monday the party Mariner Glacier Area moved by Army transport to the J. E. S. Lawrence, Field Leader. Quonset Hut area on the Desert G. T. Hancox, Senior Geologist. Road side of Mount Ruapehu. Here B. W. Riddolls, Geologist. they worked in two groups practis­ D. W. Gobey, Field Assistant. ing mountain techniques and field Aviator Glacier Area organisation, returning to Waiouru R. Chisholm, Field Leader. for a night lecture. Tuesday was S. Nathan, Senior Geologist. spent similarly. On Wednesday and F. J. Schulte, Geologist. Thursday the training area was HTop I. Stewart, Field Assistant. of the Bruce" for skiing and moun­ Mt. Erebus tain climbing. On Friday after break­ R. B. Willis, Field Leader. fast and the return of gear the Dr. Ewart, Geologist. course dispersed. A. D. Sheppard, Field Assistant. THE MERCY FLIGHT McMURDOt ICE SHELF PROJECT W. R. Lucy, Leader. Some New Zealanders wondered C. Hughes, Assistant Surveyor. why it was necessary to bring a R. L. Dodd] Field Assistant. plane from the United States to fly out the injured American avy-man VICTORIA U IVERSITY in June. EXPEDITIO Air Commodore Gill, the air officer Prof. H. W. Wellm an, Leader. commanding the R.N.Z.A.F. opera­ I. Smith, Geologist. tions group, said that the Air Force A. Duncan, Geologist. had only one Hercules in New Zea­ V. Neale, Geologist. land when the emergenc became Dr. Christoffel, Physicist. known. I. Calheam, Phy ici t. The 0 her two were in Britain and CANTERBURY UNIVERSITY the one in New Zealand was waiting 'BIOLOGICAL UNIT to take troops to the Far East. Dr. E. C. Young, Leader. HIn any case, we don't have the I. Stirling, Zoologist. ski equipment to make landings in J. T. Darby, Photographer-Techni- Antarctica at this time of year," he cian. said. R. East, Zoologist. HThere are likely to be falls of soft J. Peterson, Zoologist. snow and our panes could not ha e D. Proctor, Zoologist. done it except at extreme risk." The United States had not ap­ INTERTIDAL CREVICE FAU A proached New Zealand to undertake STUDY the flight. Dr. C. B. Kensler. September. '966 ANTARCTIC 325

fau a inhabiting the crevice in th VUWAE, 1966 Antarctic shore area which lies be­ The 1966 Victoria University ex­ tween the points reached by high pedition to the Antarctic VUWAE-l1 and low tides respectively, and such is a six-man party consi~ting of two other possible areas as empty barna­ physicists and four geologists. There cle shells and the interstices between are three projects planned for this the grains of sand. This forms an year. interesting meeting place between The two physicists, Dr~ Christoffel fauna of terrestrial origin and fauna and Ian Calhaem, plan. to cross which is distinctively marine. Inves­ McMurdo Sound from Hut Point tigations in Europe have disclos.ed ~eninsula to the Blue Glacier, mak­ the existence of a distinct fauna in Ing measurements of the thermal these crevices, including some gradient and the thermal conduc­ species found nowhere else. tivityof the bottom sediments. These Dr. Kensler, an American, plans to measurements will be taken by conduct his study during January, means of core samples and a six-foot possibly at Cape Bird. He has previ­ probe lowered through holes drilled ously investigated the crevice fauna in the ice shelf. The heat flow from in the northern hemisphere, while any point can be calculated from the tudying in Wale for his doctorate. two measurements. A relativel motionless ice shelf has obviously a considerable advantage over a ship THE GE ARO at the mercy of ocean currents, aves and wind in this type of work. ew Zealander who have erved This party hope to travel to Ant­ in the Antarctic are now cattered arctica at the beginning of Decem­ all over the world and can thank ber. They will spend approximately their selection as members of Ne two weeks in the field. Dr. Christoffel Zealand's Antarctic team as th intends to return to ew Zealand on springboard which launched them the supply ship "Endeavour" in into experiences. they would other­ order to check magnetometer read­ wise probably never have had. ings. lan Calhaem will probably Peter Otway} for example. return by air around Christmas time. Professor Wellman and Andrew Peter fir t went outh in 1960, Duncan comprise a two-man geologi­ surveyor-doghandler and wintered cal party which will study Pleisto.. over in 1961, as well a being a cene glaciation and sea levels in the member of field parties south o· Wright dry valley and in a number Byrd Glacier (1960-61) and in the of other areas around McMurdo Beardmore-Axel Heiberg area (196 ­ Sound. This party, and the other 62). He returned in 1962-63 as a geological party Will probably leave member of the toboggan team for Antarctica about the middle of which accompanied the dogs to the November. Professor Wellman in­ head of the David Glacier. tends to return to New Zealand after After his initial Antarctic da three weeks in the field, when Peter worked at his profession in Andrew Duncan will join the other Canada} the Libyan Sahara and in geological party for a further two Iran, spent ix weeks in London weeks' field work. instructing ne\ recruit for the lan Smith and Vince Neall will Briti h Antarctic Survey, and b­ spend five weeks in the Taylor Valley tween times travelled widely in th \,vorking on. the basement rocks. Thjs U.S.A.; Austria, Switzerland, Italy, narty vvil1 return to New Zealand Spain, the U.K., Ireland and variou between Christmas and the ew S.E. Asian countrie . Year. He then returned to the Antarcti in 1965-66 as surveyor in a U.S. geo­ INTERTIDAL CREVICE FAUNA logical team working east of Eight Station at the base of the Antar ­ This summer Dr. C. B. Kensler of tic Peninsula, and i currentl 0­ the Fisheries Research Di ision is to ing up hi re ult at th Uni r it conduct an inve tiga ion into the of Wi con in. 326 ANTARCTIC September, 1966

suIted in the New ~ealand flag being AURORAL SCIENTIST run up at the meetIng enue. New Zealand has a world leader in Dr. Sandford's parti ular interes the field of polar aurora, Dr. Brian P. has been the study 0 the optical Sandford, of the D.S.I.R. Physics and effects of polar aurora. The cause ot Engineering Laboratory, Gracefield. this is sun flare activity, which re~ suIts in not only auro a but major Brian was educated at Raetihi magnetic storms and radio blacki School, Wanganui Technical College outs, a problem which has appeared and Victoria University of Welling­ in New Zealand lately. ton. In 1958, while working at the Austra~ Invercargill I.G.Y. station studying In collaboration with an auroral spectra, he was selected as Han scientist, he also e tablished the senior scientist to winter over at extent of the zone of h drogen emis­ Scatt Base throughout 1959. (His sion in the polar region. brother Neil wintered at the base in ("AntarcticH was privileged to publish an 1957.) Apart from his auroral work, article by Dr. Sandford in December 1963, whicb illustrates his unusual ability to write he engaged in two dog-sledginp of his own scientific peciaIt in term which journeys, to Cape Crozier and to the ordinary man can under tand.) Cape Royds, and in a tractor-journey to Cape Chooolate. He spent the following two years ANOTHER YANKIWI in the United States studying data obtained, before returning to New Gerald Holdsworth, a New Zea­ Zealand for further investigations. lander, was Deputy Leader of the The outcome of his work was the Tararua Antarctic Expedition in discovery of two kinds of aurora 1962-63, and in 1963-64 climbed glow. Mount Erebus with George Lewis to In January 1963 he upervised the collect samples of snow, liquid from installation of aurora-observing in­ fumaroles, etc., for laboratory exam­ struments at Scott Base, checked ination, a well as carrying out auroral research instruments for survey work in the McMurdo Sound USARP at Byrd Station and vis'ted area. rape Hallett, the South Pole and He is now at the Ohio State Eight Station on similar missions. University, U.S.A., and will be in the Dr. Sandford went overseas in Antarctic under U.S.A.R.P. this sum­ May on a tour embracing Australia, mer as director of an alpine glacier Russia, Sweden, Austria, and North study in the Wright Valley. It is Am rica. He was due back in New planned to continue the ice tunnel Zealand early this year, but as the dug into the face of the Meserve result of a United States request he Glacier last season, and to drill down has been granted extended leave from the glacier surface into the from his department until Septem­ head of the tunnel. ber. Dr. Sa dford will go to the Nato .t\,dvanced S1:udy Institute in Staf­ GOOD NEWS, GIRLS! fordshire, England, and to confer­ Mr. R. B. Thomson, Superinten­ \...-nces. in Belgium and Munich after­ dent of the Antar tic Division, wards before coming home. D.S.I.R,. in a press interview on June Durjng his recent Europea visit 25, said that the Division had re­ he spoke at the seventh international ceived many applications from quali­ space science symposium in Vienna. fied women for a number of research He was one of seven scientists from posts in the Antarctic, as well as all over the world invited to present frcm several nurses who sought any p8pers at this event, which was kind of j ob where sp cial qualifica­ organised in conjunction with the tions were not necessary. Con mittee on Space Research. IILast year I said the possibility of NevJ Zealand js not a member of having women at Scott Base was for the organisations responsible for the the future," added Mr. Thomson. . mposium, but the scientific regard tlNow I believe we will have them for Dr. Sandford' polar work re- there vtTithin five years." September. J966 ANTARCTI'C 327 CANTERBURY UNIVERSITY OGRAMME FOR 1966-1967 by E. C. YOUNG* The Antarctic unit of the Zoology Department at the University of Canterbury, known unofficially as CIA (Canterbury in Antarc­ tica), will have six scientists working in the Ross Dependency this summe .

. [Dr. Bemard Stonehouse has laid Peterson, B.Sc. Hons. Student. down the ice axe and whip after a There have been few studies of five years' stint and they have been this problem in any bird. Peterson taken up by Euan Young, a fresh­ will attempt to assay hormones cir­ water entomologist specialising in culating within the blood stream and insect flight musculature. Dr. Young, study the changes occurring in the who will provide the administrative secretory cells with the view to cor­ link for the next few years, has relating the hormone levels with the kindly provided us with the follow­ various breeding activities occurring ing outline programme. - Ed.] in sequence during the year. The first Four of the party will work at the year would be a pilot study to deter­ new laboratory at Cape Bird, on the mine the problems involved if a full­ northern tip of Ross Island, some 60 scale enquiry was attempted. miles from Scott Base. This labora­ The Adelie Penguin is eminently tory has been built at Scott Base suitable for this sort of study be­ over the winter and is expected to cause (a) blood samples can be be erected in early summer. The unit taken from the same bird through is very grateful to D.S.I.R. and to the season and (b) the parts of the Scott 'Base personnel for this great breeding cycle are precisely marked improvement in facilities. The oth.er and this is no doubt a reflection of two men, working with seals, will . the endocrine cycle. live in the luxury of Scott Base. ;\ . The mortality of skua chicks. Den­ The days of blanket studies (e.g., nis Proctor, B.Sc. Hons. Student. liThe Biology of the Skua") in Ant­ Skua gulls normally lay two eggs, arctic terrestrial zoology, are past from which two chicks hatch, but and we have now moved into a seldom rear more than one chick. period in which specific problems Invariably the econd chick die, will be investigated. This change in often following aggression by the approach is reflected in the scientific first, but it is not known whether programme of the unit set out blow. this aggression is instinctive or de­ The moult, and disease, injury and pendent on immediate pressures, for healing in the Weddell Seal. instance, food shortage. Proctor will Rod East, B.Sc. Hons. Student. make a general study of this pheno­ Weddell seal are often badly menon, working on the earlier rashed and this aspect will form studies of Reid, Spellerberg and the basi of the study. East will work Young. with Ian Stirling from Scott Base on The population dynamics of the the seal colonies at the southern end Weddell seal. Ian Stirling, Ph.D. of McMurdo Sound. Student. Relation between the cycle of en­ Stirling will be continuing a tudv docrine activity and reproduc­ of some of the factors concerned in tive behaviour of penguins. Jim determining the size of the Weddell seal population in McMurdo Sound. He vvill look specifically at birth and * Dr. E. 0 Young, Lecture on Zoology, ni­ ver it of ·anterbu ° death rate and disper aI, and viII 328 ANTARCTI'C September. 1966 ma -k a substantial proportion th total population this summer. ANTARCTIC RE EARCH The relation between skuas and penguins. Euan Young, Lecturer The.ninth meeting of SCAR, the in Zoology. SCIentific Committee n Antarctic Young will carry forward a study Research, will be held in Santiago begun last year of the interaction Chile, from Scptemb r 19 to 24 thi' between skuas and penguins at Cape year. Bird .during the bree~ing season­ New Zealand' del gate will be esp clally skua predation on penguin Prof: G. A. Knox of Canterbury Uni­ versI~Y. and the effects of the association on and Dr. R. K. I ell, Director, the behaviour of the two birds. In DomInIo~. Museum, W llington. his spare fme he will look into the In addltIon to the usual considera­ life cycles of the terrestrial Collem­ ti,?n of the reports of Working Com­ mIttee and other routine matters bola and mites. con~ John Darby will help Young and the delegates this year will be will provide a photographic record sidering (a) the inno ation of an of all studies at Cape Bird. Antarctic Day and (b) the long-term Darby, Stirling and Young have all value of scientific ac ivity in the \vorked previously in this area. Antarctic. Each country participating in Ant­ arctic Research will be asked to NEW ZEALANDERS AD organise an Antarctic Day sometime S.CA.R. during the week October 9-15 to mark the 10th anniversary of SCAR. New Zealand pla-Ts a full 'art in the work of SCAR, the Scientific OCEANOGRAPHY Committee on Antarctic Researcl1. The SCAR Executive Committee con- A Symposium on Antarctic Ocean­ ists of ography is to be held in Santiago from September 13 to 16, immediate· President: Dr. L. M. Gould 'TT ("' ­ Iy before the SCAR meeting. The Vice - President: Contraalmirante United States research vessel I/Elta­ R. N. M. Panzarini (Argentin? nin" should be at Valparaiso during Secretary: Dr. G. de Q. Robin this period, and a visit by delegate (United Kingdom). will probably be arranged. Ne.w Zealand's representativ n The symposium will discu s futur the lIst of Permanent Delegates 19 in lines of work. The topics to be number, is ' reviewed are grouped under the fol- Dr.. E. I. Robertson, D.S.I.R., Well­ Ington. lowing head: . This country also has a representa­ Surface and Upper Layer, tive on each of the permanent Work­ Deep Waters, ing Groups, as follows: Ocean Floor, Biology: Dr. R. A. Falla. Coastal Water, Communications: Mr. R. Cas eYe Pack Ice Regions, Geodesy and Cartography: Mr. R. Productivity and the Food Chain. P. Gough. Geology: Dr. R. W. Willett (Chair­ EXHIBITION man/Se~retaryof the Group). In conjunction with the e confer­ GeomagnetIsm: Mr. A. L. Culling- epces ~ost ?f the participating na­ ton. tIons IncludIng New Zealand will Glaciology: Mr. I. C. McKellar. stage exhibitions at the University of T ogistics: Mr. R. B. Thomson. Chile. The Exhibition will be open Meteorology: Mr. I. S. Kerr. from September 13 till September Oceanogranhv: Mr. J. Broille. 30. Solid Earth Geophysics: Dr. R. D. Adams (Secretary). Upner Atmosphere Physics: Mr. It is proposed to hold three half­ W. H. Ward. day meetings on Antarctic Research New Zealand's Antarctic Mappinp' during the Pacific Science Congre Centre is the Department of Land? t? be held in Tokyo from Augu t 22 and Survey, Wellington. tIll September 10 this year. September. 1966 ANTARCTIC 329 WI E' HT

Hercules aircraft from Quonset Point touches down on McMurdo ski-way to evacuate critically ill American seaman to ho;Pit~l i"; Christchurch, New Zealand. (An artist's Jmpression.)

On June 6, Navyman Robert L. six-n10nth winter night. The Mc­ Mayfield lay in McMurdo General Murdo medical team did all they Hospital critically injured. Two days could ,,,,ith the equipment they had later he was resting comfortably in available, but it was not enough. a Christchurch hospital, his condi­ tion listed as good. His "recovery" Early on the morning of Thursday, came through a chain of events June 2, they sent a message to Oper­ paralleled only once before in the ation Deep Freeze Headquarters in history of Operation Deep Freeze. Washington requesting a top-level medical conference for advice. Head­ On Wednesday, June 1, Utility quarters sent their reply, advising Pipefitter Second Class Mayfield fell, treatment and a series of tests. The rupturing his bladder. He was ad­ test results were flashed back, with mltted to the Naval Dispensary at the addition "strongly recommend McMurdo. His injury would not have air evacuation be considered". been a serious one had it occurred Air evacuation meant a flight into where the usual specialist and hos­ the dark, frozen continent without pital facilities are available. But it adequate weather information, na i­ happen d at Mcl\tlurdo during the gational aid, or rescue capabilit 330 ANTARCTIC Se tember. 1966 should the mercy plan go down. It 12.30 p.m. on Sunday, Williams Field had been done once before, in 1964, reported 'ready to recei e aircraft". when a seriously injured man was 321 was on the next-to-Ia t leg of her flown out by a ki-equipped C-130 long flight, between the Fiji Island Hercules aircraft of Air Development and Christchurch. Th crew had Squadron VX-6. Rear-Admiral Baku­ spent 29 of the last 33. hours in the ti made his decision quickly. air. and there were stIll more than 6 000 miles to go before Mayfield ~ould be safe in Christchurch. N.Z. NAVY ASSISTS While a Hercules was beina readied for its 12,000-mile trip from INTO THE NIGHT Quonset Point, R.I., the New Zealand At 9.30 on Sunday . vening, 321 Naval Board advised that its frigate landed at Harewood International H.M.N.Z.S. tlTaranaki" was proceed­ Airport, Christchurch. A brief rest, ing into port to load fuel and await \"leather checks. hurn d prepara­ further instructions. tions. and at 7.19 on Monday morn­ Back at McMurdo another prob­ ing the aircraft was bac in the air, lem had arisen. Williams Field was heading into the Antarctic night. being hurriedly prepared for the "Taranaki" had arrived on station Hercules' arrival, but the elements less than an hour before. seemed to be in conspiracy against On board the aircraft were 14 per- the mercy mission. A raw wind was ons. including the crew, Rear­ sweeping across the field at 35 miles Arl iral F. E. Bakutjs, commander per hour, blowing snow until visi-· of the United States Navy Antarctic bilit was lowered to zero, and cut­ supnort force, Lieutenant-Comman­ side preparation were forced to a Ger P. E. Tyler, a Navy surgeon. standstill. Commander A. C. Kranz, the staff Nevertheless, Hercules 321, carry­ meteorologist, and Commander C. A. ing a supplemental 3,600-gallon inter­ Olds, the executive officer of Antarc­ nal fuel tank, began the flight half­ tic support activities, whose normal way across the world. It was now headquarters i at McMurdo Station. Saturday, 7 a.m. McMurdo time. As well as its normal fuel load and After picking up Admiral Bakutis, the specially-fitted internal tank, the his staff meteorologists and doctor, Hercules carried a spare encine. 321, piloted by Commander Marion There were, in addition, about 280 lb. Morris, departed '\Ivest for Christ­ o mail for McMurdo Station and church and McMurdo. Scott Base, 450 lb. of fresh provi­ At noon, weather stations at Mc­ sions, about 50 lb. of magazines, and Murdo, Australia's Macquarie Island. several tins of biscuits - a P'ift from and New Zealand's Campbell Island the Canterbury branch of the Ne began feeding information to the Zealand Antarctic Societ . Christchurch Operation Deep Freeze mete rology office. From Byrd Station, 600 miles IN THE ANTARCTIC inland from McMurdo, came word that he Byrd airstrip could be pre­ At McMurdo men atld machine pared in time, should the aircraft v\forked around the cIa le to prepare have to be diverted from McMurdo. the main 8,000 ft. skiwa at William At 10 p.m. the Royal New Zealand Field, "-and a 6,000 ft. cros way, for Air Force reported a Sunderland the HeTcules. Special ligl1t~ had,been aircraft and a B-170 Bristol Freighter strung out along the maIn skIway, aircraft on standby at Invercargill. and flaming oil drum . placed at "Taranaki" wa by thi time stean1­ 1,000 ft. intervals illumInated the ing south at 20 knots, gathering cross\vay. The runwa lights were weather data while en route to her taken to McMurdo at the end of last rescue station halfway between Mc­ ummer. Murdo and Christchurch. According to a weather report to From' Williams Field came good Christchurch shortly before the ne\~ - th torm wa dying. At plane was due to land, there a September. 1966 ANTARCTI'C 331

Mayfield is lifted aboard the Hercules at Williams Field, McMurdo. RADM Bakutis stands in the doorway. visibility for 50 miles, winds of about 7.20 p.m. the "Here" was on its way five knots and a temperature of - 4°. back to Christchurch, with Mayfield Light snow was falling. aboard under the care of the staff doctor. .,; At 2.22 a.m., on Tuesday the big NEARING THE GOAL aircraft settled again on to the Hare­ As the aircraft winged onward wood runway, and a Navy ambulance Admiral Bakutis took the oppor~ picked up Mayfield and sped him to tunity to speak to his men at Christchurch General Hospital for McMurdo and the other V.S. Ant­ surgery. The report came - HPatient arctic stations, expressing his appre­ resting well. Progress satisfactory, ciation o~ the \"lork they were doing prognosis good." Mayfield was all right. The air and 0 nng encouragement in the long w'ntet isolation from the rest evacuation was a success. Everyone of the arId. breathed a sigh of relief and relaxed, At 4. 0 p.m. McMurdo time the for the first time in four days. All b~rning.oil drums outlining Wiliiams that was left now was the long trip FIeld s way appeared. Four minute back to Quonset Point. later the aircraft was on the ice. While f esh fruit and vegetables and mail fo the men at McMurdo were off-load d, Mayfield was flown by [We are indebted to V.S. av Navy h licopter the six miles acros journali t A. K. Evan for the above th ice helf from the McMurdo dis­ slightly modified ver ion of his pres pen arT to the waiting aircraft. B relea e.] 332 ANTARCTIC eptember. 1966

UThis wa a great c mfort to u N.Z. NAVY'S PAR and I caJ.?'t speak too highly of the co-operatIon of the ew Zealand The Royal New Zealand Navy's authorities," he aid. frigate "Taranaki", recalled from earching for the missing ship "Kai­ tawa" after operations near Borneo, 1 made a high- peed dash down the MORE WI TER FLIGHTS? New Zealand coast when called upon to act as weather picket ship for Asked if the success of the flight the flight, and reached Dunedin on as?ure~ the ipaugurati n of regular the night of June 4. mId-wInter flIghts to the Antarctic the Admiral said: ' After loading tore and Antarctic clothing, "Taranaki" had to battle OWe had more or les decided to do high winds and heavy sea to reach it regularly after the fir t mid-winter 57.45 0 S. Here she was in radio con­ flight. We will be able to manage it tact with the Deep Freeze base in all right next year and tentatIvely Christchurch, the aircraft, and Mc­ ,ve are planning for flights in June Murdo Sound. After the flight, "Tara­ and.August. This, of course, is partly naki" was again battered by high subject to scientific projects which winds and the deck began to ice up. \vould make the flights worth while." She reached Dunedin four hours Ski-equipped Hercules aircraft behind schedule, on June 8. vvould be .used for both flights. Later, Rear-Admiral Bakutis, in a mes­ a C141A .let would make an experi­ sage of thanks to the New Zealand mental flight to McMurdo. Navy, said that the positive, imme­ diate and willing response to his informal enquiry regarding the possi­ ble availability of a ship for picket duty had further enhanced the highest respect the V.S. Navy held for the efficiency and readiness of the New Zealand forces. "Specifically," he said, "I wish to cite the entire crew of H.M.N.Z.S. tTaranaki' for an outstanding per­ formance under most adverse sea conditions. In addition to their obv~­ ous efficiency and tenacity I could detect from the voice radio trans­ More than 50 years ago, the Nor­ missions a keen interest and deter­ wegian Trygve Gran and; the English­ mination on their part to do every­ man Raymond Priestley were fellow thing possible to contribute to the members of Captain Scott's last successful completion of the flight. expedition. In D'ecember, 1912, they It was most reassuring to me and were both members of the six-man all other personnel on board the party which made the econd ascent Hercules to know that we were being of Mount Erebu . guarded by a ship and crew of the Recently, Sir Raymond Priestley highest calibre." had his 80th birthday. Major Gran "The good Lord wa ureIy with c lebrated the occasion at his home us," said Admiral Bakutis to Christ­ in Norway, by firing the three can­ church pressmen after the return non i his garden. He does this flight. He aid he was particularly annually on the anniversary of the grateful to the Royal New Zealand first flight across the North Sea­ Navy for its "tremendous" co-opera­ his own, and also to commemorate tion in sending H.M.N.Z.S. "Tara­ the ascent of Erebus. naki" to stand by south of New Zealand, and to the Royal ew Zea­ To honour his old friend he fired land Air Force for having an aircraft the guns eight times. Eighty, he said, s'"anding by for search and rescue would have made the guns too hot. dut if neces a . Gran himself i a oungster of 76. September, 1966 ANTARCTI'C 333

The first launching qf upper-atmosphere rocket probes rom the Antarctic Continent will he carried out this summer from Fran e's Dumont d'Urville base in Adelie Land.

Initiated by the Ionospheric Re­ SHIP MOVEME TS o earch Group and financed by the National Centre for Space Studies, Because of the heavy demands of the project will have the logistic sup­ this coming summer "Thala Dan" port of Expeditions Polaire Fran­ will be chartered by the Au tralian caises. expedition (A. .A.R.E.) for one The Antarctic lends itself better month only, instead of for the usual than the Arctic, in analysing observa­ two months. The French authorities tions, to the separation of pheno­ are grateful to the Australians for mena linked with geographical lati­ their understanding and co-operation tude from those dependent upon in this respect. Moreover, ilThala magnetic latitude. This is because Dan" will this year carry 13 instead the south geomagnetic pole i more of the usual even French pas enger than 150 from the geographical pole, on her second voyage to Terre Adelie. whereas in the Arctic the two poles Altogether the ves el will make four are less than 100 apart. Moreover, trips between Australia and Adelie the earth's magnetic field control Land and ill carry in all 169 pa ­ the phenolnena of the upper atmo ­ sengerJ. phere, and Dumont d'Urville occu­ 1. "Thala Dan" ill carry the neces­ pies a quite exceptionally favourable sary equipment, etc., from Le Havre position- from the point of view of and 48 pas engers (six to winter the earth's magnetic field. So the over, 16 summer party and 26 techni­ French base may be said to be cians) from Hobart. The essel will ituated in the most favourable sec­ be at Dumont d'Urville from Decem­ tor of the most favourable continent. ber 10 to 24, and will be on loan to In addition, Dumont d'Urville has Australia from December 31. One a geophysical observatory which has member of the French team vill already been functioning for ten return with the ship. years. Expedition Polaire Francai es, in 2. During the Australian charter, she addition to providing logistic sup­ will carry 13 men (five of them win­ port for the rocket programme, ill tering over) to Dumont d'Urville, be responsible for an important sec­ about Janua 10. tion of the preparatory con truction 3. Twenty-two men (16 wintering) work. The preparation of the launch­ are due to reach Dumont d'Urville ing site wa begun during the 1965-66 about February 8. When the shin summer and i now well on the wa leaves for Hobart on February 19, to completion. Twenty technician's she will carry 36 men of the French from the National Centre for Space ummer party. Studies will finalise the con truction 4. On March 4, 29 of this year's win­ work. ' tering team, plus 19 of the 1966-67 The rocket to be used is the Dra­ ummer party, will leave Dumont gon, a two~stage rocket. The econd d'Urville for Hobart. stage and its payload hould attain an altitude of about 350 kilometre . Four firings are contemplated, three URGE T TASKS of them in rapid succe ion, which hould make it possible to estimate When "Thala Dan" arri e at L'Ile change in conditions in the cours des Petrel about December 10, all of a ingle da .- hand will as L,t ith the unloading. 334 ANTARCTI'C September. 1966

The summer party dormitory and PROGRAMME the kichen-dining room in the new Ca) W~nter Stat·on n Antarctic living quarter will also be con­ Plateau. High pri 'ty must be structed as oon as po sible, to pro­ given to vid adequate accommodation for the summer party when the ship has Airglow: Simultaneo\J.s tudie :at sail d. Dumont d'Urville and at a·; tation situated on the N.orth-Soutli ~&Xis,; When these urgent and es ential dur~ tasks are compl~ted, all personnel preferably 300....500 km. distant, will begin work on the preparatio:-ls ing a period b m.a imum solar for the rocket-launching programnle. activity, e.g., 1968-9. Other ta ks to be given urgency in­ Human Physiology: Studies n clude the installation of the radar­ environment and ph sio-pathology sonde and it protective dome, the within the framework of the Inter­ completion of the water supply sys­ national Biological Programme. tem, the construction of concrete Metetology: Solar and acti"no­ foundations for t,,vo 50-cubic-metre metric' studies in liaison witLl medi­ gas-oH container, the placing of the cal research and radio- ctivity ~ piles for the future winte~~-party Radio-activity: Re istering of dormitory and topographical work radio-active aerosols and of natural on Lion and Gouvemeur Islands. radio-activity. WINTER PARTY Cb) Studies in the COurse of o,v~r- The wintering-o er team for 1967 snow traverses: .J') (TA17) will comprise 27 men. The Glac·ology: The mass budget and cientific programme will be practi­ its fluctuations, forecasts and physio­ cally the same as for 1966 (TA16) chemical studies of the ice. Thi pto­ except in meteorology. gramme will involve the planting of beacons and measurements on a North-South axis of 1,000 km. ·,from NEW P . TEAU STATIO the coastline, deep drilling along',the PLANNED axis, continuou profiles of ice thia'k­ ness by radar and magneto-telluric The Scientific Council of Terres oundings of the sub-glacial rock. Australes et Antarctique Francaises Human Physiology: Elementary last year set up a working group, ll1edical studie . ,. HStation Plateau et Raids" (tra­ Radio..activit: Radon measure­ verses), to examine and co-ordinate ments, especially interesting in the possible cientific work 0:1 the con­ Antarctic, the only place where these tinental .cecap. At its first meeting, are not influenced by the continent on April 25, thi working group on the ame axis as'the glaciology. weighed the ad antages of construct­ Geoma~etism: Re-occupation of ing a ne,: station against the numer­ 0 0 ous logistic and financial problems Charcot Station (69 22' S., 139 01' involved. E. occupied in 1957 and 1958 during the International Geophysical Year) Consider~n~ the operations alread I planned for EGIG (The Internatio. al 'at a period of '11UtrlIDum solar Glaciological Expedition in Gree.~­ activity, during a ;short traverse: land) in 1967' and 1968, and the attempts to localise th surface Mag­ amount of technical equipment av P­ retic Po e on the i Dumont ?ble (especially tra,nsport) the work­ d'Urville-Charcot. Ing roup came to the co clusi l.l that a small station, hou ing four or 1966 PROGRAMME D.ve men, could be set up in 1969, The nrOQramme 0 activities at 500 kilometres from the coast. In the Du.mont d'Urville for the current mean ime, prerminary investigations ~-ear comprises work in Biology (fur­ ,viII be rtade into th problems of ther bird s udies at Pointe Geologje), constructing sur~ a station, and into geomagnetism., gravimetry, meteor­ thp. que~tion ef possible traverses, ology, ozone, seismology, ionosphere, Ji l-t a view to mounting the whole aurora, cosmic rays. radio activitv .'nroject envisaged by the Scienffic and medical research, on much the Cauncil'of T.A.A.F. . ame cale a pre iou I... f'" "li September, 1966 ANTARCTI'C 335

FRENCH-SOVIET CO-OPERATION French Republic, conferred the eros During a visit by Prof. P. A. Shum­ of Chevalier du Merite Maritime sky to France a meeting took place upon Captain WiIhelm Pedersen. at Expeditions Polaires Francaises Captain Pedersen commanded UThala on Ma 18. It was agreed that the Dan" for six consecutive years dur­ work done by the glaciological group ing the reliefs of the French expedi­ EAS-EPF during the 1963-64 summer tions in Terre Adelie. He took the (see UAntarctic", 3 :8, Dec. 1963, p. initiative from the first voyage, of 340; 3 :9, March 1964, p.~. 392; and mooring his vessel between L'Ile de 3 :10, June 1964, p. 444) should be Petrels and L'Ile Jean Rostand, thu review d after a period of five years, considerably facilitating unloading in ord r to determine the rate of operations. He has always displayed deformation of the surface layer of the most complete collaboration in the ic cap. Further collaboration, all the scientiflc and technical activi­ the po ibility of reviewing the 1967­ ties of Expeditions Polaires Fran­ 68 operation and the investigations case. requiring attention, \vere also dis­ cussed. AT DUMONT D1URVILLE PENGUIN POPULATIO INTO WINTER During last year a careful popula­ tion study of the bird-life in the If April was unusually mild, May Pointe Geologie achipelago (on brought very unfavourable weather, which Dumont d'Urville Ba e is interrupting for nearly 20 days all built) was undertaken by Pierre Le outside activities. June was helped Morvan assisted by other members by moderate winds as light as of TA15. 238 Emperor penguin pairs 28 km./h., notwithstanding that the were ringed and 411 chicks. Aban­ evening of Midwinter's Day distin­ doned eggs and dead chicks dur lnQ guished itself by presenting a bliz­ the breeding period totalled 1,558. zard of 205 km./h. and a - 320C. On December 4 a count of livins:r temperature (- 27.6° F.). everthe­ chicks gave a total of 3,438. The total less, the planned programme was adult breeding population was esti­ carried out in a satisfactory manner. mated to be approximately 10,000. Outside, the channelling of sea­ Banding of Adelie penguins, Cape water for 325 metres from the p·ump­ pigeons, Wilson petrels, Antarctic ing station to the generator house fulmars and giant petrels was also was completed. This water i to be carried out. distilled. Rocks on the area set aside for the TEMPERATURES ounding rockets firing-site have During the 83 days of summer been got rid of by explosive . activity at Dumont d'Urville the Interior work ha been concen­ mean. temperature was - 2.1 0C. trated on the fitting up of the new (28.2°F.; maximum. +5.3°C. communal building erected during (41.5 c F.); minimum -9.1 cC. 15.6°F.). last year's summer season. This The mean wind speed was 10 mls, work "included- the ma imum 54 mls, say 195 km./h. Fitting up the furnace room and or 120 rniles an hour. the walls enclosing it. By wa of contrast, June tempera­ Setting up the partitions for living- tures this year \vere: mean -19.3° C. room and discotheque. 0 (2.7 F.); maximum, -100 C. (14° F.); Brickwork of the boiler-room. minimum, -32°C. (-25.6° F.). In May Plumbing for the hot-water ystem. this yea a wind speed of 212 km./h. Heating and electrical cable in tal- was rec rded: that is approximatel lations. 131 roil per hour. The lack of snow has made it necessary to collect the ice required TRIBUTE for domestic needs at a considerable On April 26 at Le Havre, on board distance from the buildings. A par­ of "Thala Dan" M. Paul-Emile Victor, ticularly appetising iceberg ha been in the name of the Pre ident of the the target or tematic pilfering. 336 ANTARCTI'C September, 1966

NARROW ESCAPE SOl TU AF ).()t\ An accident which could have had serious consequences occurred on PLAN June 18. A weasel was making its way across the sea-ice \vhen the ice broke beneath its weight. The vehicle The stations at SANAE, Marion sank at once, but very fortunately Island (46° 52' S., 37° 51' E.) and the scout preceding it and the driver GOUQh Island (40° 21' ., 9° 52' W.) managed to get clear in time and are again being occupied during 1966. returned to base afe and sound. A survey support of the glaciologi­ cal research programm by measure­ ment of ice movement in the vicinity of SANAE base, in the Hhinge" area J;lAS~ 80·1 south of the base and between the base and the ice-front, as well as the BAUDOUIN re-fixing of the position of the base and the determination of certain Expeditions Antarctiques Belgo­ azimuths required for geomagnetic Neerlandaises reported from Brus­ and meteorological observations, are sels on August 12: After an absence to be carried out during this year. of two months and three weeks, the six members of the trail party returned to Base Roi Baudouin on May 25. At 12 km. trom the base, the team had to camp for three days because ANTARCTICA-THE of a violent blizzard; so the six men THE MOO arrived quite rested. Similarities in hostile en iron­ All the programme of the party ments and in the logistic problem ,vas fulfilled notwithstanding 18 days of supporting life in both Antarctica in all of heavy blizzard during which and the moon have led the head of they stayed under the tents. America's lunar rocket project to As in every Antarctic base, Mid­ exile one of his aerospace engineers ,vinter's Day was also celebrated at to Plateau Station. The engineer, Mr. Leonard Yarbrough, will there Base Roi Baudouin. The men re­ investigate the hostile environment ceived many cables from all over the and see whether it seems po sible world. and the members of the that human life could be maIntained expedition had the surprise to read for more than the 24 hours at pre­ a message sent by President Johnson sent considered the maximum for a of the United States and one by the stay on the moon. It is possible Prime Minister of Japan. that the Antarctic may be able to The radio-phone calls between provide the best known condition Base Roi Baudouin and Belgium­ in which to test the vehicle and Holland are again becoming better. stations that have been designed for lunar work particularly, it is conjectured, in' its Dry Valley~. Plateau Station i similar to the lunar bases desigIled in the ad­ SEALS' TALK vanced systems office of the IMar­ Two ew York Zoological Society shall Space Fli~t Centre of the men who have been listening-in on National Aeronautic and Space Ad­ Antarctic Weddell seals claim to ministration in Huntsville. Alabama. have "clearl demonstrated" that As a sy tern engineer. said Mr ar­ seals do talk under water. From brough, he works with scientists to their peciaIly constructed chamber try and translate their desires into beneath the ic they made 50 yards hardware before somebody else of tape recordings to tudy and looks a t hi translation and work anal e. out their co t. September, 1966 ANTARCTI"C 337 JAPANESE PREPARE THEIR EIGHTH AN ARCTIC EX DIT 0

JARE VIII is composed of 40 per­ meteorology, seismology, geomor­ sonnel led by Dr. Tetsuya Torii phology, glaciology, tide (ocean), (Professor at Chiba Institute of biology, and geochemistry. Technology) who was leader of the wintenng party of the 4th JARE. During the cruise of HFuji" (Cap­ The icebreaker UFujr' will cover tain Mitsutoshi Matsuura), oceano­ the following routes: December I, graphic stations will be occupied 1966 (Tokyo); December 16-22 (Fre­ accordino- to the weather and ice mantle); January 6, 1967- ebruary conditions. Seaborne magneti (pro­ 27 (in the vicinity of Syowa Sta­ ton magnetometer) and }ITavirnetric tion); March 8-14 (Cape Town); surveys will be made. Continuous March 30-April 3 (C"olombo, Ceylon) ;' recordings of airglow intensity and April 19 (Tokyo). ionospheric soundings will be made. Mailing addresses at the ports of VLF emission and whistler, radio call: wave propagation. atmospherics Icebrea~er "Fuji", clo Wigmores ~ nectrum, and electrostatic poten­ Ltd., P.O. Box 228, Fremantle, tial will also be continuously re­ Australia. corded during the cruises. Icebreaker "Fuji", clo ElIerman & About 400 tons of cargo will be Bncknall Pronr. Ltd.. P.O. B8X rljrlifted by helicopter to Syowr\ 812, Cape Town, South Africa. Station, unless the ship can approach Icebreaker uFuii". cia Embassy of On~uI Japan. o. 10 Ward Place, Colom­ to the shore of Island. Font hui l,dings (mess han. ::teronomy lab., bo 7, Ceylon. balloon inflation shelter. ajr traffic Members of the Expedition are: control shed) will be built. Four oversnow-vehicles and two motor Wintering Party (24) vehicles will be delivered. Leader (T. Torii), 5 upper atmos"­ phere physicists, 3 meteorologists, 2 An orientation and training course glaciologists, 2 biologists, a geophysi­ for expedition members will be held cist, a surgeon, 2 radio operators, a "in a place :remote from Tokyo" cook, 3 mechanics, an electric fitter! from Septemoer 5 to 8. The only sub­ mechan~c, and 2 logistics supporters. tantiaI change is the increase of "Urintering personnel from 18 to 24. Captain Matsuura. who was second Summer Party (16) in commarid of ttFuji", is the ne'\' -Deputy leader (K. Kusunoki), 4 skipper of UFuji" in place of Cant~i11. 'oceanographers, 2 marine geophysi­ Honda. who ha become Head of the cists, 2 upper atmosphere physicists, .A 11. tarctic Support Office, Japanese a radio engineer, 3 .civil engineers Navy. and carpenters, and 3 logistics sup­ p~rters. NEWS FROM SYOWA 'SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMME According to the lates news from Syowa Station the sea ice' between Research will be carried out at Svowa and the continent, a distance Syowa Station on cosmic rays, of about 5 km, deteriorated greatl, aurora and airglow, auroral radar rluring last summer, so that the observation, auroral radio noise, 'KD-60. diesel snow-vehicle (cap. 9 ionosphere, VLF emission and whis­ tons) has not yet crossed over the tIer, at~ospherics, geomagnetism, ice in the channel. Troubles were 338 ANTARCTIC S ptember. 1966

xperi nc d ith oth r no- rom the In titut of L Temp ra- v hicles, hich led to th abandon­ ture Science, Hok~aid Universit, m nt of th programme of 0 er no to b Chief of th Ir t ection.· tra el ac 0 the continental ice for the coming eason (October­ On April 1, 1966, in accordance December). with the chang in the administra­ tiv system of the Muse rn, the Kyo­ Late in 1967, an 0 ersnow traverse kuchibu changed it name into Kyo­ party will b ent into th inland kuchikenkyubu (Department of area for glaciological re earch. Dr. Polar Research). The J panese Gov­ T. Ishida and Y. Yoshida ill ork ernment is expecting.t e tabli.1;1 a on thi programme. The period will Polar Research In tItut with a b bet een Octob r 1967 and Janu­ membership of about 60 under the ar 1968. juri diction of th Mini tr of Edu­ cation. The Department of Polar Re earch is a umed t be an em­ bryo of the Japan POlar Re earch JA AN E DEPAR __,__.. In titut . o PO A PUBLICATIONS In conjunction with the progress The Denartment of Polar Research of polar research in Japan, e peciallv has published the following: with the nlanning and execution of the Japanese Antarctic Re earch 1. NA KYOKUSHIRYO (Antarctic Expedition (JARE), K okuchigakkll Record (Polar Section), a go ernmental Articles are ritten in Jaoanese organisation, a established in the with Engli h ab tract, or in Engrsh ational Science Mu eum on _J\pril I, with Japanese abstract. Twenty-six 1962. numbers have been i sued between 1957 and 1966. Three full-time member ere in the Section under Dr. S. Murauchi 2. Scientific Reports of the Japanese J who had held the po ition of chjr : Antarctic Research Expl.,dition as an additional po 1. On April 1. Aeronomy (3). 1963. the number wa increased to Meteorology. six. In September 1963, Special Com­ Geoloa~T Geography, Glaciology, mittee for Antarctic Expeditions Seismology, Geode y. (Chairman: Prof. Takeshi Nagata Jeochemistry (6). was organi ed as an advi ory com­ Oceanogranhy No. 1 (1964) piu. mittee for the Director of the Biology (28 )":. ational Science Museum, Dr. Yo K. Logi tic. Okada. Dr. H. Ozaki succeeded Dr. -;'( o~. 1-17 were publi hed b Seto Murauchi, till holding th position Marine Biological Labo ator . of chief a an additional po t. Exchange of information and pub­ On April 1, 1964, the number of lication i greatl appr ciated. the Section increa ed to e en and Mailing addres : Departme~t f Mr. Masayo hi Murayama a ap­ Polar Re earch, ational SCIence pointed a the fir t full- im chief. Museum, Ueno Park, Tak 0, Japan. On April 1, 1965, the Section wa designated Kyokuchibu (Division) \vhich has two ection (First and Second) composed of 11 per onnel. IF THE ICE MELTED Dr. Yo K. O'kada, Director of the Dr. L. A. Kivioja of Purdue Uni­ Museum, has been holding the posi­ ersity, Indiana, told th last annual tion of the Chief of Division. M". meeting of the Americ n Geophysi­ Mura ama took the position of Chief cal Union that if all the land- of the Second Section, holding an upported ice cap melt d, th ocean additional po t of the Chief of the waters of th 0 Id ould ri e Fir t Section. On Januar 1, 1966, about 30 to 60 t, not the 150 to Dr. u u unoki a t an ferred 300 t fornnerl al ulat d. September. 1966 ANTARCTI'C 339 R SSIANS AT FOUR STATIONS BUSY AND WELL Soviet wintering-over teams at Mimy, Novolazarevskaya Molo­ dezhnaya and Hinland" Vostok seem to be keeping th,emsel~es to·o fully occupied to succumb to boredom.

~INTER IN ANTARCTICA ,ondes. But in no time at all he said ~taff d~age. In Molodezhnaya and Novolazarev­ the ]'ad repaired the ' skaya, which are situated near the WIth regard to the work carried coast, winter annoUnced itself ui. th out by .his staff, J:1e said everything a dron of temperature to - 25° C. was gOIng accordIng to plan. Zaha­ (- 15° F.), accompanied by hurricane ~ov from Novolazarevskaya is study­ force winds reaching 40 metres per Ing one of .the lakes, a unique second, \vhile at Vostok the temnera­ phenomenon In the Antarctic in the ture dropoed to - 77° C (-108.6° F.). vicinity of the Schirmacher' Oasis. The lowest temperature ever re­ Biologist Kamenev spends most of corded by Soviet scientists on the his time observing a colony of about Sixth Continent was - 88° C. (-126.9° 1~,000 Emperor penguins settled F.) six years ago. about four mBes from the Mirnv In spite of all this, scientific \vork observatory. He reports the arrival goes on, and thanks to good medj\~l " f the first Elnperor penguin chicks. ?tte,J?tion, all members apoear to be ~ 1e appropriate scientific observa­ ~n ex~el1ent health. The geoohysicists tlons are being carried out. In MIrny recorded several interestiPP Co-operation among foreign scien­ phenom,ena in connection with flares ti~ts is rewarding. There are natur­ observed on the sun during March alIsts from 12 foreign countries in and April: unusual absorption of Antarctica. but it seems that the radiowaves-severe magnetic storms Japanese from Showa Base and the and aurorae. Several members of Australians from Mawson and Wilkes the Mirny staff are getting ready a are on closer terms with the Soviet weasel-sledge transoort which will members than any others. With regard to various pastimes take them to Vostok. eve~ The storm damaged sever'al aerials there are poets, singers and in Molodezhnaya, while Mirny seems football playe~~ among the members. to have disappeared under the snow. A match was' fteld recently on an ice­ field between the Moscow and Lenin­ RADIO INTERVIEW g~ad. teams. Leningrad won 6 :0. FIshing contests are also organised. On Julv 18 a radio interview was A team of three radio operators won carried out between IIPravda" in the contest by catching 250 exotic Moscow and Mirny in Antarctica for specimens in 1~ hours through a the benefit of the public who wanted hole in the ice. These were used for to know how the men there were making fish soup. getting along now that the winter By this time the conversation be­ was at its worst. came almost inaudible and had to be The director of Mirny, L. 1. Dub­ terminated. rovin, apologised for the bad recep­ tion which, he said, was due to the THE HOB" RETURNS sun's flares, which increased cosmic On Mav 16 the 1I0b", carrying radiati n and consequently inter­ aboard 130 members of the "lOth fered with radio waves. He went oh Antarctic Exnedition, was due to to describe the weather conditions' dock on Vasiliev Island, the port of in Mirny a-20° C. temperatur~ Leningrad. The members of the ex­ accompanied by snowstorms had ned!tion were returning home after ?amaged s.ome radar antennae used havIng completed their task in the In ob erVIng aurorae and radio- Antarctic. 340 ANTARCTIC September. 1966

NEW SHIP MASCOT Towards the end of the five-year Soviet Antarctic explorers at Mirny plan a new ship will be added to the have a mosquito for a mascot existing fleet operating in Arctic and according to the official news agency: Antarctic waters. The new ship will Tass. ~ . be a combined icebreaker and cargo Tass describeq the mosquito a vessel patterned after the uAmguem" the firs t one on the Antarctic con­ design, and it will replace the uOb" tinent, and saicl:no on knew how it on long trips. Vesesls of the 11 Am­ p"o~ ~here or.wli~t was Its country of guem" series have a better design, orIgIn. But It hums around Russian extremely long hulls, and are good sci~ntists in.their h~ated dining-room icebreakers. The vessel will be able whIle the WInter WInd howl outside to lead a convoy. The huge ship has - and it is granted immunity from four engines together producing swats. No one would dream of kill­ 7,200 h.p., high carrying capacity, and ing it. It is the only mosquito in the her speed in clear waters is 15 knots. world which is protected by Itdiplo­ A number of laboratories will be matic immunity". in taIled aboard.

OCEAN FLOOR VEGETABLE GARDENS IN On June 8 Mirny reported that ANTARCTICA Soviet aqualung divers had made 164 In spite of the severe winter condi­ descents to the ocean bed off the tions predominating in Antarctica, Russian base and had collected over several members of the Russian 3,000 specimens representing 500 dif­ Polar Expedition wintering-over in ferent species of Antarctic marine Mirny and Novolazarevskaya have fauna. Among them were many pre­ managed to grow vegetables on soil viously unknown types, including imported from Leningrad. All vegeta­ "bearded" fish. Underwater photo­ bles were grown in room conditions graphs were taken. and produced quite a substantial Vostok, reporting on June 14, said crop. In Novplazarevskaya radiotech­ that the temperature at the time nician Ivan Titovsky harvested 8-10 was -750 C. (-1030 F.).:Thanks to cuclL--nbers, weighing 80-200 g each, effective face masks anc\ 'other pro­ per plant, while each tomato plant tective clothing, the men had not yielded about 12 tomatoes, 60-110 g suffered from frost-bite.. each. In Mirny, too, it is not unusual On the 15th Molode~h Station to have fresh vegetables served dur­ radioed that scientists' ahere this ing meals: tomatoes, cucumbers, summer would be studyi;rig the dis­ radishes, green peas and spring persal of meteoric trails by radar onions. It seems, however, that for the first time. Radflr methods cucumbers here are prone to pro­ wiII also be used to measure ice ducing infertile flowers, so much so thickness. that D. Kirilov asked a horticultural expert in Leningrad for advice on thi problem. MELTING THE ARCTIC Prior to planting seeds the boxed soil is thoroughly oaked with a Soviet scientists have examined solution of potassium permanganate, ~eve~al projects of meltin~ Arctic while during fruiting a solution of Ice, Including the most feasIble: the potassium salt is applied. construction of a gigantic dam The general opinion appears to be across the Bering Straits and the that fruit trees could also be grown bringing of warm waters from the there, and this does not seem im­ Pacific to the Arctic Ocean. However, probable at all. scientists warn that the melting of Other pastimes of the staff include Arctic ice may lead to a change in an aquarium. In their spare time the the climate of the northern hemi­ members of the expedition listen to sphere which may be detrimental to lectures on Antarctic nature and the economy and esp cially agricul­ learn foreign language . tur based on centuries-old experi- Septe,mber. 1966 ANTARCTI'C 341

ence. Therefore, scientists ay, in the FEARS 0 DDT nearest decade it is necessary to make a detailed analysis of how the DDT} the most familiar of the climate may change and how this chemical insecticides developed change will affect the life of peoples since the war, may be polluting the inhabiting northern Europe, Asia oceans and harming fish and other and America. ' useful marine life. Could all this be applicable to the The British research ship "John Antarctic? Or are there insuperable Biscoe" has brought back blubber obstacles in the southern hemi­ and fat samples from penguins sphere? \\Thich are to be studied to see if they contain DDT. Both the household and the agri­ cultural use of DDT has increased - THE NEXT DECADE enormously in recent years and there has been some concern that the Concluding a summary of the chemical may have been carried into years January 1956 to January 1966, the oceans from the world's rivers. itA D'ECADE OF SOVIET GEOGRA­ In 1964, another Antarctic survey PHICAL EXPLORATION IN THE party discovered traces of DDT in ANTARCTIC", in No. 57 (1966) of the penguins about 2,000 miles from the Information Bulletin of the Soviet "John Biscoe's" current scene of Antarctic Expedition, the Soviet operation. scientist K. K. Markov speaks of the work which still remains to be dC1ne. HAs can be seen from the wholt~ of the above, Soviet research in AntHrc­ tica has opened up new horizons for NOW NORTH? Soviet geography and has enabled wide universal generalisations. We have several times mentioned HIn spite of the fact that the the projected Antarctic forays of achievements of Soviet geographical DT. Karl Herrligkoffer of Munich, science in Antarctica have been con­ Germany. As often, we have had to siderable, there still remains much record "but nothing happened". See to be done in the way of geographic "Antarctic" 1 (271,299,383), 2 (175), research on the sixth continent. For 3 (247, 534). a continent practically devoid of life, biogeographic research and a study In December, reports "Ice Cap of the land processes are extremely News", the journal of the American important' both practically and Society of Polar Philatelists, Dr. theoretically. The lakes of Antarctica Herrligkoffer announced that he have hardly been studied at all, would be leaving Germany in Feb­ although their temperatures are ruary, 1966, on a North Pole expedi­ unique, and their hydrochemical tion! His plan, it seems} is to estab­ diversity extremely great. lish a base camp in North East 'lA second decade of Soviet re­ Greenland, after the expedition has searGh is now beginning in the Ant­ been flown in by a Hercules C-130. arctic"and new problems are arising. In the followinp summer, March­ Tne.~.. main problems with regard to April, 1967, fiv~ ,or six Swedish the';,· geographical sciences are: (1) tracked vehicles will, it is hoped, filling· in the remaining blanks; (2) make the traverse to the North Pole. the subordination of geographic research to the main theme - study­ In 1959, collectors were invited to ing and evaluating the natural poten­ purchase four labels depicting tial of Antarctica. Solving these will former German Antarctic expedi­ require the co-operation of natur­ tions. Now Dr. Herrligkoffer has alists from many different branches postcards for sale, signed by expdi­ of scien e, includin~ geographers. tion members, at a cost of 6 marks. Antarctic research wIll then have a goal, and will scientifically prepare We have not heard whether Dr. this continent for peaceful human Herrligkoffer has at last got off the activity." ground. 342 ANTARCTI'C September, 196& Glaciological Journeys Planned From Mawson Station*

This year the Mawson glaciologist To it are connected a variety of is a Japanese, Dr. Koshiro Kizaki. instruments whose recording head He was geologist with the Fourth are inside the caravan. One series Japanese Antarctic Research Expedi­ of recording thermometers is sunk tion, 1959-61, at Syowa station and into the ice at variou depths down was working as a research assistant to eleven metres; another set is at the Geology Department of the erected in the free ir above the University of Hokkaido when he ice to a height of four metres. applied for the position of glaciolo­ Detectors to measure ,olar radiation gist with the ANARE. Dr. Kizaki are also installed ben ath and above had had experience as a glaciologist the ice. From recordings 'Of these at the Institute of Low Temperature instruments the flow of heat Science and in the Yamoto Moun­ through this top layer of ice can be tains area in Antarctica. He gradu­ determined. The final result is a ated D.Se. at the University -of Hok­ balance between heat coming up kaido in 1951. During 1966, field from the rock beneath the ice, heat trips will be directed towards two coming from the sun's rays above, objectives. A surveyor is to extend and heat being lost upwards to the an accurate survey grid a further cold surface air. Dr. Kizaki will one hundred miles south of IMaw­ spend some time on most days of son, into the northern range of the the year at this caravan. Prince Charle Mountains, using electronic distance-measuring equip­ Inent; an.d Dr. Kizaki is to carry out TO THE CASEY RANGE a variety 'of tasks ,on the ice plateau south of Maw on. Fifteen miles south-west of Maw­ son is the northern end of the THREE MONTHS IN THE FIELD Casey Range. Past its rocky sides the continental ice flows rapidly, The survey trip will be an elab­ glacier-fashion, the ice being dis­ orate affair and will take place in torted into extensive patterns of the spring. Two D4 tractors will severe crevassing where its flow is haul t\VO trains comprising cargo retarded by the mountain rock. 'Dr. sledge" and living caravans, and Kizaki must make three journeys to they will be preceded by light snow this area. In March l1e planned to vehicles that will eek a route free set up a nUlnber of ,takes in the of crevasses for the trains. The shape .of ~quare grids ~cro~s tI:e journey to the Prince Charles Moun­ flow dIrectIon of this mOVIng Ice,; In tains and back, totalling five hun­ August and Decemb r he will.·, ;re­ dred nliles ,over the plateau, will visit these stakes and measure the take three months. However, in the distortion of the grids. These autumn, a fuel-depoting trip- was measurements will define the strain made to lay down dump . over the due to the shearing forces on the first half of the route. ice. At each visit Dr. Kizaki will Dr. Kizaki's work will be both take samples of the 'ce from each local and in the field. On the grid and, back at Mawson, examine plateau ice, about a quarter of a the crystal structure of the samples mile behind Mawson, a fibreglas beneath a polarising rnicr:oscope. He insulated caravan ha been et up. will study the relatiopshlp between the sheer stress in tbe ice and .the * Condensed and adapted from an article orientation of the maJor axes of ,the by Dr. Phillip Law in Hemisphere, Jun 1966. ice crystals. September. 1966 ANTARCTI'C 343

To visit the Casey Range, Dr. gauges; 15 cents, weather balloon; 20 Kizaki mu t travel either by dog cents, helicopter; 25 cent, radio ledge r by a motor-driven tobog­ communication; 50 cents, ice com- gan. Two uch sy tern will be used pression; 1, parahelion (tl moc and thr men 'n form the party. un"). The terrain i too highly .~crevassed for hea ier vehicles and: loute..find­ ing will take a lot of time.,:The safe SOME IPS route, when found, will, tDe marked 44Dill Reports the News" (874 Bad Neustadt/ with bamboos carrying pennants so Fraenk Sale, Martin Luther-Str. 28, West German ) gives these hints to collector of that it c be ea ily followed on the first-day covers. return lp. In mid-January 1967, the relief FD mails will be postmarked with ship wil drop anchor in Mawson special FD postmarks at the Antarc­ Harbour tic Stations Mawson, Wilkes and Back at the University of Mel­ Macquarie Island as soon as the bourne Dr. Kizaki will spend twelve relief ships deliver the new tamps months analysing hi observations at these stations. Addressed FD mail and writing the scientific paper. must reach before October 28 Aus­ tralian Agency (Philatelic Bureau, 664 Bourke Street, Melbourne, C.1, WILKES Victoria) where the mails will be stamped and forwarded to the Ant­ During May the field party arrived arctic Stations. Service charge per back after surveying the dome in cover is 2c if not more than four previously unvisited parts, suffering tamp are to b affixed on the ten weeks of frustratingly slow pro­ cover, Sc if five or more tamps are gress hen blizzards prevented to be affixed. I suggest to forward travel or whiteouts and refraction three covers per set and to mention prevented survey. Their last fix was on each cover by pencil which value done for the past season's ice move­ are to be affixed on the cover. Official ment. They romped home in FD .envelopes (general design) are glorious eather, doing thirty mile avaIlable from the agency for 2c daily. each and will be addressed for an May as mild, with no real bliz­ additional 2c each. Affixing the zards. The average temperature was stamps will cost once more 2c. Men­ 7°P. with a maximum of 29 0 and a tion on the front of each of your minimum of -13°. The maximum covers from which base you wish it wind gu t was 67 m.p.h. mailed with FD postmark. (1 U.S. about 88c; 1 IRC equal 7c.) AUSTRALIAN ANTARCTIC STAMPS NEW ZEALA D NAMES Ten new Australian Antarctic Ter­ Among features recently named by ritory stamps will be issued on the Australian Antarctic Names Com­ September 28, but not at post offices mittee are two mountain formations in Australia. The stamp , one cent to in Australian Antarctic Territory 1 in value, are intended for u e in which are named after New Zea­ Australian Antarctic Territory and at landers who have served with Aus­ Macquarie Island. tralian expeditions. The are: Each illustrates one aspect of im­ CLAGUE RIDGE (71 0 14' S., 65 0 41' portant cientific research being car­ E.) S.E. of Mt. Hicks. E. L. Clague ried out by Australians in the Ant­ \vas weather observer at Wilkes Sta­ arctic. tion in 1962 after having served on Collector may purchase the Campbell Island in 1958 and 1960. stamps at the Postal Department's philatelic sale sections from Sep­ THOMSON MASSIF (700 35' S., 70 0 tember 28. 48' E.) in Aramis Range, Prince Values and designs are: One cent, Charles Mountains, named after R. aurora and camera dome; two cents, B. Thomson, officer-in-charge at bandinp: penguins; four cents, ship Wilkes jn 1962 and now Superinten and iceberg; even cent, ind dent of the .Z. Antarctic Division. 344 ANTARCT1'C September. 1966 IT TRAGEDY AT STONINGTO ISLAND

Tom Allan and John Noel left the wa upright in a haft above a no B.A.S. base on Stonington Island in cave in which were sleeping bags, Marguerite Bay after lunch on Ma coking gear and food. Five feet 23 with two dog teams and sledge . d wn and on the original urface Th y intended to be out about ten they found a sledge on its side with da s to keep th dog in trim for a tent bag and a small tent tuffed the sledging season and had food and into it. At right angles to thi was ueI for 30 da s. Twenty mile wa a low wall of dog food carton . the farthest from base they expected earby wa a line of dogs buried at to go. On the e ening of May 24 the the ame level. reported for the first and last time by radio from their camp at the east Clearly all was ell on the morn­ end of Butson Ridge (68 0 05' S.) at ing of the 25th when they struck a height of 2,000 feet. At thi point camp and headed north through a they had travelled 15 miles since col but it can only have been a short leaving ba e. time before they were caught by a sudden change of weather. At this Bad weather affected the area for noint the nlateau rises sharpl to the next two day with winds gust­ 5,000 feet in the east, but falling jng between 80 and 100 knots and away to the north and west there heavY drift now. Since this sort of are two wide glaciers and there i weather i not unusual and radio likely to be much turbulence as the communication is uncertain, no con­ wind pours down off the plateau and cern was felt about their safety until js channelled off bv the two glaciers they failed to return to base on time. Iving at right angles. In· the lee of A.earch party then et out from Blo\AT-me-down Bluff, as the nearb, base and found their bodies and heights are aptly called, the wind those of their dogs some three anc1 'vill also deposita large amount of a half mile beyond their camp of drift snow coming off the plateau. the 24th. All they could do, it seem , was to stop arid try to make camp. By the The bare fact were reported by time they had unlashed th load it radio and at fir t it was thought was too 'bad to erect the tent Rnd their camp had been de troyed b~T o they made a temporary wind wind and' blown rock chins, of break with the sledge and dog ood ,vhich many were found in the cartons. Sheltered by this the then icinity. It wa not until the earch dug a hole in the now and got party returned to ba e that their in ide it ith their leeping bag . a evidence re eaIed a ery different food box and cooking gear, blocking i tuation. It i till too early to dra the entrance with a per onal bag, conclusion and the full story ma The cave wa 8 ft. in diameter and never be known, but at lea t the. their unrolled sleeping bags and ice wer not let down by their tent jn a pot on the primus stove shows because they never pitched them. th y were in a position to urvive. The earch party ound the bad What made thenl relinquish this of John Noel buried up to his arm­ po ition i hard to say, but fi e feet oit in hard-packed snow with the of snow had accumulated over their 'bodies of five dog lying nearbv. original entrance before they did o. Lying on the urface and about 100 Thi. means that now was no longer ""ard awa wa the fully lothed drifting- or was very slight. The bag body of Tom Allan. ear' him wa with five eet of sno on top would a small shovel. It took man day t p them digging out the way the to exca at the area of the supposed °'Ot in so they dug a fresh shaft to camp it. The found that John th urface. Tom Allan got ut September, 1966 ANTARCTI'C 345 through'·it and John oel emained Briti h Antarcti Surve ·n th in it with hi head above the urface. autumn of 1964 and ailed on the The former wa clothed to go out­ R.R.S. "John Bi coeH on October 22, side, the latter had his anorak, no 1964. During his first year he e ed goggles and gloves on but only in­ at the Survey' base on Adelaide door tr?users and felt slipper below Island and moved to Stonington the w(~ust. Island in his second year. John was a keen scout and was a representa­ Those who read this will tend to tive at the World's Rover Scout Jam­ form conclusions but it would be boree. In 1961 he was awarded the wrong to do 0 until the diagrams Scout Gilt Cros for bravery after and photograph an be tudi d"and rescuing an injured climb r on Ben the search party que tion d. An e is. inquest will be held in Port Stanle when' he latter come up from outh early next ar. The Antarctic take it toll from those who strive hardest. These men WH ? were no exceptions. People still a ,"Wh do ,ou pend all this mone going to uch THOMAS JOHN ALLA a barren, usele waste a the An­ Thomas John Allan, on of Mr. tarctic?". and Mrs. J. Allan of Inner Leithen, was 26 years old. He was educated In a recent articl in th London at St. Ronan's Secondary School, "Times" Dr G. de Q. Robin, Dir c­ Inner Leithen, from 1945 to 1955. He tor of the Scott Polar Research In­ served an apprenticeship from 1956 stitute, Cambridge, gi e a triking l fo 1961 as a .i oiner and during this answer from hich we cull a fe period he obtained his Cit and Guilds full technological fir t class pertinent sentence . certificate in carpentry and joinery. "The major reason for the con­ In August 1964 he joined the Edin­ tinuing research remains the need burgh Education Committee as a teacher in carpentry e;tnd joinery in to add to the basic knowledge of the Technical College. . Mr. Allan man's environment. To meet this joined the British Antarctic Survey need, and the expanding demand as a Genera:1 Assi tant/Carpenter in for food, . must kno more the autumn of 1965 and ailed for about the factors affecting plant Stonington on board the R.R.S. and animal growth on land and in ','John Bi eoe" on October 29, 1965. the ea} under as ide a range of physical conditions a po ible."

JOH FRASER OEL Dr Robin point out that to di ­ cover, for example, h th plant John Fraser oel, son of Mr. and and animal content of Antarcti Mrs. V. Q. Noel of Cardiff, was 24 seas is more concentrated than in years old. He attended the Viriamu lones County Secondary School the oceans of temperate and tropi­ from 1954 to '1957 and then he com­ cal regions, studies are needed em­ menced an apprenticeship in radio bracing solar radiation and its ab- and tele i ion engineering. During orption, the mineral content and hi apprenticeship he attended the temperature of the sea, and a hole ewport and Monmouth College of range of biological and bioch mical Technolog and also the J .lancl~ff Technical College. He gained hi Cit problen1s. Such tudie in Antar ­ and Guild telecommunication quali­ tica, he a J ill form an import­ fication and al 0 hi Postma ter­ ant contribution to the international General' C tificate. He joined the biological prog amm . 346 ANTARCTIC September, 1966 eH f I os A nounce or C dean arctic ases The difficult task of preparing for the next change-over of personnel at the three Chilean stations at present manned in the Antarctic Peninsula area begins as soon as the previous team has been relieved.

This ork go on throughout th T~AM FOR 196~67 ' twel e month of the year and place a heavy re pon ibilit upon tho Th first of the e h'a 'es in the concerned in its implementation. It oreparati.on " that of the"relief of the must be remembered that once th~ ba es, began' ith the lection of the ships have left Chile there i no new per onneI-fitted ,to carry out the possibility of adding to the store tasks assigned to them ,. for a whole ironm~nt carried, e en the most e sential 0 year in an inhospitabl en item. of which it is nece sar to anticipate the or t consequence . Detailed planning of the 1966-67 When the selection by the Chilean relief operation began four months Air Force began, more than 160 men hefore the relief is due to take place. presented them elve , attracted prin­ El Comandante de Escuadrilla don cipaIl b the economic stimulus of .Mario Jahn, Head of the Antarctic a 600 per cent. "zone rate" 0 er and Department of the Chilean Air Force. above the basic salary, equivalent to spol-e to the pres recently about two and a half or three times the the forthcoming relief of Presidente total salarv recei ed in Chile. From Aguirre Cerda Ba e on Deception thi number 16 airmen were ap­ Island. Commandant Jahn as him­ pointed after consideration of their self L "ader at thi base during 1965. service records and per onal suit­ and his considerab e experience fits ability, and after medical. dental, him to carr out his re ponsible psychological and p chiatric exam­ ta k. He mu t ha e the whole opera­ ination . tion completely planned b the fir t fortnight in December. Commandant Jahn indicated that the men selected are egarded as in every ay qualified 0 begin their The Air Force mu t plan the hole pecialised training, compn lng nroce s of uppI, epair and con- cour e in fi e-fighting, ki-ing, sur­ truction hich it will be nece sa i aI. meteorolog, ismology, ul­ to carry out at the base a also the canology, etc. training of the new per onnel who will be iTItering ov r ther during Lead r at Pedro guirre Cerda 1967. Bas will b Capitan d Bandada don Jorge Iturriaga Moreira, and hi deput will be Capitan d Bandada Commandant Jahn pointed out don Lujs Puebla Leiv .. The former that the preparation invol e the \ ill undergo special cour e prepara­ three principal ta k of reli f, repair tory t hi taking harge of the and con truction in addition to the seismological and vulcanological ta­ ci ntific function hi h the Aguirr ti~n, whil Captain Leiva will nake Cerda Base fulfils, which is that of himself familiarwith the programme being an Antarctic eather centre in marin~ bioIog . f comparati importance ith th American McMurdo Ba e and the In -addition, fiv - adio-op rator Ru ian Mirn . ha e b en .elected f maintain th Septembet. 1966 ANTARCTI-C 347

24-hours-a-day radio schedules, two THE ANTARCTIC POINTS mechanics to maintain the motors THE WAY supplying the electrical power, and an electrician to make any necessary In a leading article on Space repairs. Two civilian meteorologists Research a leading Australian news­ and a meteorological assistant have paper refers to the IIhistoric pro­ been selected. These three men will posal" of the President of the United co-ordinate the information supplied States calling for Ita comprehensive by the instruments, to produce the treaty to keep celestial bodies free weather charts and forecasts, in for exploration and use by all coun­ addition to the production of meteor­ tries, guarantee freedom of scientific ological statistics. investigation, and urge international Als9 engaged is a medical orderly co-operation in activities relating to ~i.th .~xperience in the treatment of outer space bodies, seek to avoid InJurIes, dentistry and general health their harmful contaminations, ban problems, a cook (always the key their use as sites for mass destruc­ man) and a handyman experienced tion, weapons, eapon tests and in carp ntry and plumbing, whose military manoeuvres, and assure job it will be throughout the year to assistance by astronauts of one coun­ maintain in good working order the try to other astronauts". pipes and mains necessary for the supply of water and petrol and for The paper adds, "The pattern of sewage disposal. the President's pt:'oposal harks back to the treaty which pledges the 12 During the 1965-66 season a group countries conducting Antarctic re­ of ten scientists under the auspices s~arch to use the southernmost con­ of INACH (the Chilean Antarctic tinen so...ely for peaceful purpose Institute) initiated a research pro­ and to co-operate in scientific explor­ gramme directed to work in ecology, ation there." lichenology, vulcanology, seismologv and a seal census. The terrestrial ecology and lichenological pro­ THE,SE WOME! grammes ave involved the study, both quantitatively and qualitatively, His attention arrested by an adver­ of terrestrial invertebrate fauna and tisement for Antarctic staff, a "Wai­ their peculiarly important associa­ kato Times" staff writer muses: tions in Antarctica so as to obtain a tilt sounds a wonderful way to get complete bio-geographical sequence away from it all, whatever all may over the whole country and the be, until you see the cloud no bigger IIAntarctic territory" in which Chile than a wom:qn's hand forming on is interested. As well as purely th~ horizon. '..lr it is reported by an academic studies these investiga­ unImpeachable source, Reuter, that tions are aimed at exploring the 17 Arctic explorers who are hopin nutritional possibilities of Antarctic to leave Britain .later this year will and sub-Antarctic soils and the be women. They are going to do field potential utilization of certain work in the wild mountainous region elemen+s for medicinal purposes. of the something or other 100 mile inside the Arctic Circle. IIBefore you break into hoots, and ARGENTINA ask what has the fact of 17 women going to the Arctic got to do with the The sc~entific programme for the 17-odd dinkum KiWis being sought to current year is essentially the same go to the Antarctic, consider for a as in 1904 and 1965. The following moment the nature of the pretty stations re operating: Decepcion, little things. Orcadas, General Belgrano, Tenient~ liDo you know a woman who Matienzo Esperanza, Sobral and kno' s th~ difference between the Almirante Brown. Arctic and the Antarctic? Odds on . T~e same ships, aircraft and organ­ t 1ey won't realise until they get to !satIons are expected to be operative the spot 100 miles within the Arctic ln the 1966-67 summer as were work­ Circle all prettied up in the parka , ing in 1965-66. that they've gone to the wrong pole." 348 ANTARCTIC September. 1966 United tates Continues Extensive Antarctic rog a me The U.S. Navy Operation Deep Freeze 67 will be supporting e 1966-67 United States Antarctic Research Program (USARP) a six stations, Byrd, McMurdo, Palmer, Plateau and Pole, as well as the seasonal Hallett Station.

The D.S. ship taking part in oper­ The only ve sel functioning exclu­ ations in the Ross Sea area in the sively for Antarctic research, liElta­ coming summer will be: nin" represents a significant depar­ D.S.C.G.C. lIGlacier" ture from the established pattern of D.S.C.G.C. liEastwind" research activity in Antarctica and D.S.C.G.C. liStaten Island" permits the tudy of many discip­ D.S.N.S. liTowle" line in the waters surrounding that D.S.N.S. ItWyandot" continent. Formerly an Arctic suppl and either ItAlatna" or liChattahoo­ vessel, liEltanin" wa well suited for chee". the duties that the National Science First due to arri e in e Zealand Foundation planned for her. Exten­ is the nicket ship V.S.S. "Mills", sive modification , including the con­ which ,vill support the first fly-ins version of hold space to laboratorie , in late September and early October. cientific workshops and cienti ts' "Mills" will be relieved by HThomas taterooms, the installation of anti­ J. Gary" at intervals, beginning in roll tanks and protective bulwarks to October. enable work on deck in bad weather, The relief of Palmer Station on were made to "Eltanin" and after the Antarctic Peninsula will be car­ two shakedown cruises, she left on ried out by the ItStaten Island", the her first cruis in Ma 1962. {l.S.C.G.C. liWestwind" and the Some 20 D.S. agencie and institu­ liW andot". tions have had scientific programme Three major research programmes aboard ltEltanin" in the four year are planned for the summer: since that time, with a number of foreign representati es accommoda­ (1) A broad-based scientific urve ted as ell. In 1965 he had installed of the Byrd coast, u ing helicop­ a prototype of a n satellit na i­ ters. gation which allows for her position (2) A paleontological survey in the to be determined at frequent inter­ northern Sentinel and Ohio vals and in any type of weather, with Ranges. an accuracy not before known. (3) A geological surve near th Twenty of her 23 cruise ha e been head of the Beardmore Glacier. in Antarctic aters, involving her in These three projects comprise a 1,135 days at ea, co ering a distance large number of special investiga­ of more than 150,000 nautjcal mile . tions to be carried out by groups of She has penetrated the fringes of cientists from various American the pack-ice several times and universities and other institutions. worked stations as far south as 70 0 There will be in addition some core 26' S. Her systematic urvey of or so of other special project . outhem ea is expected to ha e covered all the eas surrounding the HELTA IN" Antarctic contin nt within the next D.S. .S. tlEltanin" in May thi ear ten ears. completed her twenty-third cruise a Principal programme ha e been an Antarctic re earch vessel since marine biology and geolog , physical her con ersion to a floating labora­ oceanograph , meteorolog , and up­ tory in 1961-62. per atmo ·phere ph ic. Septemberr 1966 ANTARCTI'C 349

The tlEltanin's" cruises 24 and 25 will be between Auckland, New Zea­ THE NEXT FIVE YEARS land, and Valparaiso, Chile, from With so much achieved and still July to November this year. being achieved, in the Anta~ctic, both Cruise 26, scheduled to leave New sicentifically and exploration-wise, Zealand early in December, will be the question may well be asked, a short cruise in the Tasman Sea What next? followed by a longer cruise in the The answer lies in the outline of Ross Sea. the objectives of the United States Antarctic Research Program, as de­ WOMEN SCIENTISTS veloped by the National Science Foundation and approved by the On board tlEltanin" when she was Antarctic Policy Group in February in New Zealand waters in May were this year, objectives for the years two women scientists. Dr. Nancv 1965-70. . Walls is a marine bacteriologist and The plan proposed is for research a professor of research at Georgia and other activities in and around Institute of Technology, Atlanta. the Antarctic, and is divided into Mrs. Dorothy De Foor, also from three major sections - scientific Atlanta, is her research assistant. plans, which cover a continuation Their task was to examine sedi­ and updating of earlier schemes ments taken from the bottom of the reflecting the interests of American Antarctic Ocean. IlWe have been scientists; other activities, concerned studyinss bacteria," said Dr. Walls, ,vith matters not purely scientific ulooking for kinds, total numbers and in some cases as yet problemati­ and growth under Antarctic condi­ cal: and finally the development of tions." The two women took their facilities and techniques, concentra­ turn on the three-hour watch in the ting on the means and methods of electronicallaboratory, attending the support of D.S. activities. precision depth-recording instru­ ments, and also helped other scien­ tists with mechanical aspects of their work. SCIENTIFIC Both thoroughly enjoyed their work and would like to go back Terrestrial and marine studies will again. Neither had been at sea be­ be pursued both from Chrjstchurch, fore. New Zealand, and the Antarctic sta­ tions. McMurdo, Byrd, South Pole and Palmer stations will be the main scientific bases. and, as staging areas VARIETY for continental operations, will be The lowest temperature ever re­ concerned primarily with mappinp.: corded by D.S. scientists at an most of the inland and coastal ice­ American Antarctic base hit Plateau free areas and with glaciological and Station on June 13 last with an all­ geophysical traverses which will time low of -116° F. Three days later cover all important inland-jce areas. came the warmest day of the week, \l\Jith the completion of these pro­ a banana-belt - 71.6°. grammes the major exoloratorv Plateau Station expected to out­ phase of .A.ntarctjc scientific work chill the sub-continent's lowest tem­ should end by 1970. peraure, ~- 1270 registered at Vostok Thereafter there will be a gradual in 1960, during the next few weeks. change-over from the collection of general knowledge of the continent to a scientific exploitation of the knowledge gaiI1ed,by means of such At about the same time as Plateau things as space and sateHite pro­ was undergoing a record low in tem­ grammes, long-wire antennar deep­ perature, scientists at Palmer Station drilling operations and the sub-ice had home-grown salad. Palmer's first chamber. Each ye~r some 50 projects crop, a solitary lettuce of 20 small in various disciplines are expected, leaves, was reported as being ((very involving up to 150 scientists. Bio­ good". logical reconnaissance of inland ice- 350 ANTARCTI'C September, 1966

free a ea , installation of laborator , a-ic deformation and mo em nt. faciliti s at Palmer Station, terre'­ Solid-earth g opby ics, finding out trial and marine re earch in both about the earth' crust and mantl , the ast and west coast of the will be conducted by mean of Antar tic Peninsula ar en i aged. gra it, and magnetic data collecting, ,vith ransport, communication and poss',bly from an aircraft hich re. earch all being assi ted by the would allow for world-wide erie of Palme Peninsula Trawler. Submar­ flight imilar to those no being ine t chnique will add to man' conducted b a pecial airplane for knowledg of life under sea and fast the Na . 's P oject Magnet. Sei mic jr: ~. while the USARP research esse1 exoloration at sea ill be effected b "Eltanin" will continue to car out using ilEltanin" and an ice-breaker. marine biological research. Meteorolog, oceanography and Cartography, by means of aerial upper atmosphere physics are al 0 nhotography, urface geodetic con­ planned for the ear up to 1970. trol and compilation of map, ill continue in three-year phase . First, any snecific area ill b co ered b OTHER ACTIVITIES aerial reconnai sance photo flights; the next . ear ill ee th photo­ Jon- cientific goal ar becoming graphs taken and the third year will increavingly interesting to organi a­ allow for surface geodetic contra. tions and individual in the United Helicopters ill be u ed in many of States and el e here. Utilization of the area here ice-free feature ma Antarctic material, concrete or ab­ be idel eparated and urface stract, i xpect d to take, in part ur eys acros the no area are at least, the place of the e plorator. needed. and de cripti e effort that ha e been occupying the Antarctic pro­ Geological re earch al 0 ill con­ grammes. Ne means of li ing more tinue to make use of helicopter , comfortably, upporting life more turbine helicopters hich have ffecti el . ha e al eadv been the alread nroved their inestimable ub.iect 6f r earch, hlI cientifi findina ha e rai ed que tion a to alue in thi type of 0 k. Specia­ ised geological tudies are exoected the auality and potential of coal anci on the continent itself and it off­ fossil fuel, of min rals, th po i­ shore islands. Exposed rocks in the bility of predicting earthquakes, the general area of McMurdo illu trate compilation of better weather ore­ a Ion _ pan of geological history and cast. bove all, biological resource are within ea reach. The Antarctic of the Antarctic are under pecial Peninsula and'the Scoti3 Arc hould stud, for their adaptabili l- recei e ir:creased attention. here. In e tigation into the po ibilit, Glaciolo ical programme in Jude of the Antarctic h lping to alleviate the South Pole-Queen Maud and shortages of many kinds is expected Traverse, deep-drilling, the tud of to follow the completion of the e ­ inland ice movement and concentra­ plorati e pha ofAnta ctic research. ted work on local glacier in th Marine biological product ma ell McMurdo area. Airborne radar be acquired from whale , plankton ~ounding are expected to gi ic­ and eal, and antibiotic ub tance thicknes measurernent her the from Antarctic marine m icroflora, ice is not covered b over no'v perhaps e en by means 0 ma tra er e . If a suitabl-/ aircraft i culturing or laborato ynthesis. a ailable. an airborne laborator Mineral ar not e pected to b , ill be inau$Turated in the 1966--67 orth the co t of exploitation, but ummer for th collection of a jd there r main a per i t nt int rest ariet of data ucli a ice thickne in th possibilitie 0 u ing iceb rg ,oundings, magnetic mea ur ment to upply fre hater in rain­ ~nd other aerially-gathered poil1ts. deficient region. Satellite photography, anticipated in the Antarctic for everal ear, will Th communication net ork e tab­ contribut to the in e tigation of li h d al 0 r th An arctic on- September. 1966 ANTARCTI'C 351 tinent and linking it with adjacent Plateau Station building may be re- land areas may come to be used to ited at the South Pole in 1968, thu relay commercial traffic among the allowing the wintering party to use population centres of the southern smaller and less expensive, main­ hemisphere, a well as providing tenance-wise, buildings for living refuelling points for commercial air­ quarters. Palmer Station is listed for craft flying austral polar routes, a consolidated building to house 15 communication paths, weather data to 20 scientists and support person­ and navigational guidance. nel, which will be of a permanent nature, needing no further attention Food storage in an age becoming other than routine maintenance for more and more conscious of atmos­ many years. phere chemical pollution and nuclear radiation may, in the future, have to Winter intercontinental flight, the rely on the low temperatures and introduction of manned and un­ comparative freedom from pollution manned submersibles and other new of the Antarctic air. Relatively tag­ projects are also under considera­ nant glacial ice near the coasts ma tion. provide the safest storage areas. Tourism too is a likely feature of the Antarctic in the next five years, with AT 12,000 FEET mountaineering on a private non­ con1mercial basis also expected to Results of medical research on the appear. eight men wintering over at the new Plateau Station arc already being on-scientific activitie are e en received. now sometimes requested by agen­ cies of the Federal Government, to In an attempt to accommodate to accomplish specific missions or to the low oxygen content of the air amplify Antarctic Treaty obligations. at nearly 12,000 feet, man's body has Lunar programmes and man-in-sP'ace increased the red blood cell count, projects could well be fo tered by as well as the oxygen-carrying com­ an Antarctic laboratory, and, what­ ponent of the ame red blood cells. ever the future may bring, present­ Studies by the Russians at Vostok. day publication and exchange of only a few hundred feet lower in information gathered in the con­ altitude than the Plateau, showed tinent will continue, as well as extremely low blood pressures in publicising of D.S. activities for the nersonnel there; but at Plateau American at home. blood pressures are now generallY stable after an initial noticeable high.

FACILITIES AD TECHNIQUES PERSO AL eed will remain for con truction The retirement in Washington i~ and rehabilitation advances at the announced of former friend and four permanent D.S. Antarctic ta­ associate of Admiral Byrd, Dr. James tions, McMurdo, Byrd, Pole and E. Moaney, whose association with Palmer station. McMurdo origin­ Antarctic matters ha been active for ated solely for logistic support pur­ many years. Formerly an educator poses, for a temporary four-year and editor, Dr. Mooney joined period. Additions and amendments Admiral Byrd's staff as a consultant, have been made post-IGY and even in which capactiy he remained with further ones are planned for the Rear Admiral George J. Dufek when 1965-70 years, including laboratories. Dufek succeeded Byrd a D.S. Ant­ facilities and housing for men and arctic Projects Officer. In 1959, Dr. women. Similar plans are afoot for Mooney became Deputy Proiects the other three station and it is Officer and held that office until it hoped that logistic requirements of abolition in Anril 1965, when he the more inland tations will be moved to the Pentagon as Special reduced b further attention to Assi tant to the Assistant Secreta tation design and con truction. of Defen e for Antarctic Matter. 352 ANTARCTI'C September, 1966

Dr. Jam Elliott Mooney, on his At the January meeting the ad­ retirement, was the recipient of a dress wa given by Dr Richard L. commendation Hrelative to express­ Penney who spoke on "Penguin ing the gratitude of the members of Navigation". Dr Penney, who began the committee on Interior and Insu­ his studies of penguin behaviour at lar Affairs ... for his distinguished Wilkes Station in 1959, illustrated public service and .contributions to his talk with colour slides and the U.S. policy and international motion pictures. co-operation in Antarctica". Lady memb~ of our own Society will be interested to learn that Antarctican Society scarve have been produced. They are de­ f' HERE COME THE TOURIST.S scribed as "beautiful and distinc­ tive pieces of apparel" and cos Commander W. H. Withrow, V.S. $10.00 per scarf. Navy, speaking to the Southland Officers for the current year elected branch of the Ex-Royal Navalmen's in May are: Association on June 15. said that con­ stant enquiries were being received President: Dr. A. P. Crary. by Operation Deep Freeze from air­ Vice-President: Dr. H. M. Dater. lines and travel agents on the possi­ Secretary-Historian: G. A. Dou- bility of taking tourists to the m Antarctic. tlWe are not ready to ani. receive women or tourists Clown there yet," he said, tlbut the time will surely come when facilities exist for them. When the tourist industry gets to Antarctica, New Zealand will be DEEP FREEZE AND THE the natural jumping-off place." MOSQUITOES Operation Deep Freeze had already contributed much to New Zealand's During the war, to deceive enemy tourist industry, Commander With­ agents, tropical equipment was row said. Not only the 2,000-odd often issued to servicemen going to servicemen and scientists passing cold climates. Recently, a large sup­ through, but influ.ential American ply of mosquito net was somehow visitors to the pro,iect had taKen the included in stores for Operation ooportunity of seeing much of Ne\v Deep Freeze. Zealand. They all returned home The supply staff at the Christ­ with the same story, praising the church V.S. Support Force Head­ beauty of the land and the hospi­ quarters thought of the Lepers' tality of the people. This was the Trust Board as likely to have more best type of publicity any country use for the mosquito nets. The could get. Board agreed, accepted the gift gladly, and shipped them to the New Hebrides and Solomons. One ANTARCTICAN SOCIETY very grateful recipient, the Si ter in Charge of the Presbyterian The United States couhterpa'rt of Vaemali Hosp,ital in the e the New Zealand Antarctic Society, Hebrides, which is supported b publishers of 11Antarctic", is a the New Zealand Church, explained flourishing body of some 250 mem­ that the actual hospital block has bers which was organised in 1959, screened doors and windows, but 11 to facilitate the exchange of there were two le-pers (a "married friendly and informal views about couple and child) hving in a native the Antarctic". hut in the grounds, so she gave two Four or five meeting are held of the nets to them. She found it each year in Washington, the pro­ very difficult indeed to know which gramme usually consisting of an of her 40 out-patients should get address or a film, followed by a the remainder, so she gave them ....offee hour to facilitate discu sion away on the basis of first come, and an opportunit for member first sen'ed, as they arrived to re­ to n1eet the speaker. new their medical uppIie. September, 1966 ANTARCTI'C 353 Co feren ake ery o e When whaling industry experts from 16 countries met in London for their annual conference in Jllly, one of their first tasks was to set a maximum target for the number of whales allowed to be caught in the Antarctic.

The International Whaling Com­ The communique did not mention mission, whose chairman this year is any countries by name, but it i Mr. M. Sukhoruchenko, of the Soviet understood that operations by Chile Union, was faced at the outset of it and Peru were pecifically discussed. meeting with a report that Japan and the Soviet Union, the t 0 big­ SCIENTISTS ALARMED gest whaling nations, had failed in The commission's decision has a pre-conference attempt to reach been attacked by scientists. They say agreement on their catch targets. this limit will not help keep the PRIVATE MEETING species in existence. A maximum of 2,000 would be more realistic. During the previous week repre- Scientists claim that the commi ­ entatives of Japan, Russia and or­ sion bowed under pressure from way had met urivately in London in Japan and orwa., who see exten­ an effort to find a way of meeting ive catching a the only olution a Soviet request that she should be to their recent large investments in given a bigger quota of the catch whaling factory vessel . than she had at the moment. Before talks began in London, the Japan, which had 52 per cent., World Wild-life Fund said that a offered to surrender some to the 30,000 trong prewar blue whale Soviet Union, which was limited to colony in the Antarctic had hrunk 20 per cent., if orway would sur­ to a mere 600. render some of her 28 per cent. Behind the offer, and the attempts to reach agreement, there was a EXTERMINATION fe ling that unless Russia could be Britain and Russia were against placated there wa a danger of a the 3,500 catch proposal, and scien­ free-for-all competition for the whale tists say that even if the commission catch between Japan, Russia and had decided there should be no blue N rway. whale catch thi year, the extermina­ The commission announced on tion of other spec~es - fin and sei­ July 5 that it would reduce the per­ is well under way. mitted catch by factory shills, i A blue whale unit is equal to two 1966-67, from the present 4,500 units fin whales or six sei. to a new maximum of 3,500. The commis ion wa urged by Bri­ The commis ion warned of a pos­ tain and Russia to keep a 2,000 blu i le fu ther cut the following sea­ \",hale unit Hmi1. on. Whalers operating from land ba es are being asked to continue voluntary restriction on catche they LATE NEWS agreed to last year. A we go to press comes the news NON-MEMBERS that an early spring flight via Christ­ The commis ion expressed conc rn church to l\1cMurdo and Byrd at the number of whales being Station ha been sucessfully com­ caught by land tations in countrie pleted on September 14 by a 'United not member of the international States Hercules aircraft, to evacuate commission. These will be asked to a scientist from Byrd for an appen­ upport the commi sion' measures. diciti operation. 354 ANTARCTIC September, 1966

Not much of SANAE remains above the snow.

The site selected for the new base ANTARCTIC STATIONS is situated at 70° 18' 32" S. and 2° 21' 7 30" W. and some 12 miles from the SANAE edge of the iee front. The buildings were constructed in South Africa 70° 18' S.·- 2° 21' W. and conveyed to Sanae by the M.V. The Republic of South Africa took IfR.S.A." on its maiden voyage at the over the Norwegian base at Queen end of 1961. During 1962 the build­ Maud Land in the Antarctic on ings were assembled at Sanae and January 12, 1960, and established its positioned on the new site. o~wn base known as "Sanae". The following buildings were During 1960 and 1961 the South erected in such a way that a snow Africans used the base established wall separated each building from by the Norwegians. The buildings the other. The snow wall was con­ were, however, covered by some 18 ft. sidered essential to minimise the of sno\v. As a result the timber sup­ hazard of fire spreading from one ports were cracking and the roofs building to the other: were caving in. The Department of Transport, Auxiliary engine room, 8 ft. by 8 ft. which administers Antarctic re­ by 8 ft. search, commissioned the Depart­ Technical building, 40 ft. by 20 ft. ment of Public Work to design and by 8 ft. construct suitable buildings for Toilets, 12 ft. by 8 ft. by 8 ft. erection at Sanae. This was no mean Sleeping quarters, 72 ft. by 20 ft. by ta k as South Africa, with its sun­ 8 ft. shine, has very limited experience in Livina' and dining room, 40 ft. by regard to the construction of build­ 20 ft. by 8 ft. ings under such adverse conditions. Power shack, 40 ft. b 20 ft. by 8 ft. Fortunately Great Britain, America, Balloon hut, 12 ft. by 8 ft. by 8 ft. Ne Zealand and Belgjum came to Animal laboratory, 16 ft. by 8 ft. b her assi tanee. 8 ft. September, 1966 ANTARCTIC 355

But Mid Winter Festivity reigns below.

Garage, 16 ft. by 12 ft. by 8 ft. situated in this building and it is Variometer hut, 16 ft. by 8 ft. by within easy reach from both the " 8 ft. sleeping and the living quarters. The tlwanson" heating plant, for the in­ Apart from these buildings the terior heating of the building, i also huts housing the instruments used in placed here. The watchword in this cQn'nection with the various scientitlc building is Itsilence" in order to piogram1?e~ are situa~ed ylose to the enable the men off duty to have a mflin buIldIngs and, In contrast to proper rest. the, main building, are not covered by 'snow. The living quarters combine kit­ chen and dining room. The dining The technical building houses the room is also the focal point for various laboratories and also prc­ recrea+ional purposes. A small vides office accommodation for the snooker table is available for those cientist . The laboratorie are self­ who require a bit of physical exer­ contained units and they are on a cise, and a radiogram and records par with others on the Anta~ctic con­ nrovide 'mental relaxation for the tinent. They are fully equIpped to homesick and the weary. allow scientists to carry out re earch work and to dis eminate and corro­ Provisions are stored in a snow late scientific pecimen and data. passage which is approximately 300 feet long. The storage space provided The sleeping quarters can accom­ is ample and can accommodate at modate 22 persons. This unit also least two years' suppli .A supplY includes a surgery and a hospital. for two years is carried in order to The sleepin~ cubicle.s J?rovide for cope with an emergency in the event privacy and the unIt IS prooerI"" of a relief ship being unable to force fitted with the necessary facilities. a passage to the Antarc ic. The well-stocked library, containing an excellent selection of cientific Electricitv is pro ided by two volume as well a fiction, is also powerful diesel engine and a third 356 ANTARCTI'C September. 1966 i u ed a a standby. Two di s I mechanics are in attendance and are AM NDSE '$ E E o responsible to keep the engine going. Adequate spares are tocked, CAPTAIN CO T1 and a well-equipped workshop is An Auckland, ew Zealand, barb r available. possesses a manuscript which on the South Africa doe not include surface appear to be the letter to building artisans in its expeditions. which Scott in his diary refers: Routine maintenance work to the ItA note from Amund en, which I building is the responsibility of the keep, ask me to forward a letter to expedition members, and ma.ior King Haakon." maintenance work is carried out by If genuine, this i the note elated artisan from the Public Works December 15, 1911, which Scott found Department during relief voyages. on January 18, 1912, insid~ the Nor­ South African expeditions have at­ wegians' tent, their last camp before tained a remarkable feat in doing the Pole. It i being sent to Norway routine maintenance so well that no for verification of the handwriting as major maintenance has been nece ­ £J\mundsen's. sary so far. Two Scandinavian living in ew Zealand have expressed to the liNe All the good maintenance york Zealand Herald", which published a cannot, however, save the fate of facsimile of the letter, their opinion this base. The writing is on the wall that it wa not written by a orwe­ and it is evident that a new base will gian. Their doubt is based upon the have to be erected within the next fcrmation of certain letters. Another few years. At present the base is candina ian ay he feel ure it is covered by some 20 feet of snow and genuine. the foundations of some of the build­ ing appear to be inking. This i. The note read : mainly noticeable in the kitchen and Polheim 15 :12 :11 the power shack where heat and vibrations are causing the melting Dear Captain Scott, of the s.now. This will in the mean­ As you probably are the first to time be countered by filling the reach this area after us I will kindl hollow. with snow and by introduc­ ask you to forward this letter to ing cold air in order to olidify the King Haakon VII. snow. If you can use any of the articule When planning the erection of a in the tent, please do not hesitate new base the weaknes es of the to do so. The sledge left outside may present system will be taken into be of use to you. With kind regard, consideration. The Republic has also I wish you a ate return. embarked on a rigorou training Your system for expedition members be­ fore they are sent to the Antarctic. Raold Amundsen. In order to enable them to maintain their physical fi tnes whilst in the PRICE RISE Antarctic consideration will have to be gi en to the erection of a recrea­ We regret that a considerable rise tional room where they can enjo in printing costs makes an increa e. the necessary facilities. in the subscription to Antarctic un­ avoidable. From January 1, 1967, the annual subscriptionfor non-members of the Societ will be £1 Ss. ($2.50 .Z.). Back i ue, hen a ailable, will be sold as before at 5s. (50c) per LA A TARTIDA copy, for the time being. Copie of DE HOY Antarctic ews, Bulle'tin will now be also Ss. per copy. Arrangements are Th Societ ha available a e being made to reprint out of print copie of the Spanish edition of The i sue . All indexe ·ll be 3 . (30c) Antarctic Today. Appl to the Editor. per cop. September, 1966 ANT ARC TIC 357 e n re le

KERGUELEN mum of - 2° C. (28.4° F.) and ri ing to a maximum of +14 0 C. (57.2° F.). (France) As i the custom with storms, that The 1965-66 relief was carried out of Ma. 10, 1966, di tinguished itself during the first fortnight in April. bv extraord'nary iolence, carrying Th tanker "Lucien Desmarais" was off th temporar harf being u ed able on April 10 to re- uppl. in bulk for unloading. the fuel storage tation at Kerguelen. Work h s carried on normall . The Since then life at the southern and 5-ton cable rail a has been com­ Antarctic tations ha taken on it pletel. r paint d. A helter ha been I/ ordinary crui ing rhythm". con tructed for the refrigeratinq Winter began a earl a May. chamber . A p Ion ha been erected aft r a very cool April, with a evere for the "Zeopelin" antennae. The and almost continuous fro t which foundation of the hangar de tined to lasted into June. Outside work was shelter the crane on the beach has hindered without being completelv been completed. interrupted. Among the more impor­ Our ornithologi t with some kindly tant tasks w re: assistants has been prospe ting on Completion of the lead-in of the the Plateau des Petrels, the Bran­ water suppl in~ the hydrogen gener­ boires alley and Mounts Alouette ator from the fire cistern. and J. Veme. e acces road to the plateau, no open to t affic. It has necessi­ tated. during the quarter, 1,400 cubic All the French tations celebrated metres of filling. .Midwinter's Day on June 21 jth due Construction of an agglomerate eclat and good'humour. shelter for the ater tank upplyin~ Port-aux-Francai . MACQUARIE ISLA D Fitting un of a centre for the dis­ (Australia) tribution of H.T. current on the Leader Rivers at Macquarie Island, plateau. in a late Ma. message, leaves no Construction of a new helter for doubt about the good spirits of the the inflation of weather balloons at Macquarie team. the wind-break walls (5x5X8 m). "The days are getting much shorter During a violent storm on April 6-7 and lengthy dark hours have given the barge I/L'Oiseau" ran aground at those on night work cat's eye so the head of Port-aux-Francais inlet that the can avoid alking into after having broken its moorin.g elephanteal a the do their cha n. More frightened than hurt! round across the i land i thmus. The tran mjttinp' hombic aerial on Morale at thi tim of the ear i Par was al 0 broken on the am Q"enerallv at it 10 e t ebb but, on dat and or the same cause. It a looking 'in at the me s on a Saturday rep ired and put back into e ice night, the whole party eem to be on Ma 25 after ome modificatIon in high oirit. Th mu ic i both of th aerial upport. lively" plentiful and loud, good Durinp.: May a reconnai ance t~am accompaniments for way-out dance in the Ross area returned to Port during the long nights. Many game Jeanne-d'Arc after fi e days of par­ are played, th regular ones being ticularly atrociou weather. billiards, snooker pool, bowl . darts. monopoly, squ~tter chess and many card games. The midwinter maga­ CROZET zine i b ing produced for June 22. (France) Duncan Mackenzie, in between eal work, is magazin editor and i bu C ozet eather thi quarter ha cha ing up articles from all the been like that of Brittan , relativel fellows. The e ar rolling in. Another mild, going do n in Jun to a mini- bu group ar the Macquarie 358 ANTARCTI'C September. 1966

Players who are keenly rehearsing a prove ownership. The arrival of the play based on the fairy tale, 'Cinder­ D.S.S. HMills" on September 27 is ella'." anxiously awaited and all hands are Certainly there are moans and looking forward to seeing some new groans as tired and aching muscles faces and receiving their first mail push their bulk with SBX exercises since February 4. The D.S.S. "Mills" and judo. Queer sounds till issue is an old friend of the island, having from all parts of the station a vari­ done picket duties in the 1964-65 ous people practise instruments: season. Likewise, many old friends clarinet, guitar, piano, trombone and are expected on the D.S.S. IlCalca­ cornet. terra" which is also doing a second It may appear that there would tour. not be any time left for work, but It 'has been a rather quiet and all is well. Normal duties go on as uneventful year on Campbell Island u.:>ual plus the extra duty of paintinp: although the time has flown by. All the interior of all buildings. Street members of the expedition have lights have been erected up the maintained a high standard in their auroral serpentine. vVeather during May has been nor­ daily work and the scientific and mal- wet, cold, windy and fogg-­ meteorological programmes have with heavy snowfalls. Now we have heen completed "rith no major snags a rival to the meteorologists! This encountered. amateur simplifies with the forecast­ The ltMet" taff carried out two ing: he says that if you can see the special night flights in July to assist plateau it is going to rain; if not, it with the evacuation of a sick man is raining. from McMurdo Sound. Some excitement occurred when NO DODGING THE CENSUS the hostel chimney caught fire, but Australians wintering on Mac­ thi was soon brought under control quarie Island were included in the and no damage was caused. The 1966 Commonwealth Census 'on June 30. winter on Campbell has been one Macauarie Island is part of the of the mildest on record, 27° F. being Tasmanian Federal Electorate of the lowest temperature recorded. Franklin, and as such had to be Some fine sunny days were enjoyed, included in the census. but for the main it has been overcast The last supply ship for the season with light rain and little sunshine} lett for the island in February­ four hours only being recorded in before the census forms were June. printed, but householders} schedules The annual chess game with Mac­ to cover everyone on the island were quarie Island is still being closel sent to the staff clerk of the Antarc­ contested on the twice-weekly radio tjc Division in Melbourne. By means sked and it could still go to either of direct radio contact with the base island. The station movie projector on Macouarie Island, he acted as the has been of !Treat value and the island's householder and filled in the "Gratis" cinema has played to capa­ schedules. city audiences. We are grateful to' the various Embassies, the National Film Library and Sir Robert Ker­ CAMPBELL ISLAND ridge for the films they have made (New Zealand) available to us. Midwinter Day cele­ brations were a rip-roaring success. Don Nightingale, Officer in Charge} Chef Gordon Surrey reached new Campbell Island, sends this report. height and turned on a magnificent With the winter behind us and ten repast. climaxed by the arrival of a n10nths of our year on Campbell three-tier cake. Island completed. the going-home fever has struck. Drawers and ward­ The expedition ha been adopted robes are being spring-cleaned and bv a red-billed gull by the name of boxes and packing cases unwanted Napoleon. He waits at the door of previoll I have been spirited away the hostel to greet each man in the and own~rs' name painted on to morning; hi da is pent on a walk- September, 1966 ANTARCTIC 359 ing inspection of the station carried out to a rigid timetable. He rarely fly and then only down hill to the wharf shed, the return journey is made on foot at the side of the road; H.R. YOUNG his antics have given much enjoy­ ment over the past few month . The death occurred in Auckland on January 21 of Harry Richard (Bob) Young, aged 72, who served on Admiral Byrd's first two expeditions RABBITS to the Antarctic. In February 1930 Surprisingl perhap to mo t he was a crew member on the ItCitv readers, two references to rabbit are of New York" when she left Dunedin made in recent report from the ub­ to relieve the expedition after the Antarctic islands. 1929 winter. Byrd wa so impressed during the homeward voyage by hi work and character that on hi second expedition, 1933-35, he re­ Giant rabbits "as big a dogs" are tained YDung as a member of the causing major problems on Mac­ wintering party. quarie Island, 600 miles south of Tasmania. Rabbits weighing up to The young New Zealander (born in six pounds - three times the normal England) had been a Petty Officer wild rabbit weight - have infested (Diver) in the Roval Navy and wa the island, part of which has been in the Battle of Jutland. Mter dis­ denuded by their grazing. This is not charge from the avy he worked as thought by Tasmanian Department a diver on the Sydney Harbour of Agriculture officials who spent Bridge project and then engaged in three months on the island to be farming in New Zealand before join­ creating major soil erosion, but the ing the first Byrd expedition. At its tressed that the rabbit population conclusion he purchased a small must be kept within reasonable holding but readily accepted Byrd's limits. invitation to go outh again. He wa one of the men attached During the Auckland Island expe­ to Dr. Perkins' biological unit during dition R. G. Ordish, Dominion much of its field work. Byrd de­ Museum ornithologist, ~aw as many scribes him as Itquick with the prac­ as 28 blue-furred rabV>its on one tical knowledge of a first class mall patch of clear grbund on one seaman ... one of the squarest of the northern islands of the group. men I have ever known". And he These brightly coloured rabbits, said was tough: uI saw Bob Young and Mr. Ordish, were able to survive in s veral others stripped bare to the large numbers because wild cattle waist all complaining of the heat, left on the island kept down the long though the breath freezing on their grass and scrub and prevented regen­ ,,,,hiskers had formed miniature ice­ eration of the tunted fore t. falls". The temperature wa - 30°. After this expedition he went on to the United States and stayed with Admiral Byrd and his family. Back TAKEOVER in New Zealand he bought a farm near Auckland, and apart from three The 12-man wintering team at short trip'S to England to visit his Scott Base thi year includes two relations in Surrey he remained in Irishmen, Terry McGough nd Jerry New Zealand until his death from Ternahan. . an acute coronary thrombosis. He The team selected to winter over left no descendants, his next of kin during 1967 includes two Scots, Bob being a ister in England. Murdoch and Robin Kidd. Comparative re ults will be tudi d ith intere t. 360 ANTARCTI'C September, 1966

JOH HA ISO In Memoria JOH HARRISO Antarctic men were among the 1932-1966 many who were saddened by the death on June 23 of John Harrison, (iThey fell n1e thou art dead, Tele­ who was buried under an avalanche n1achu ." on Mount Rolleston in the Arthur' Pass region while trying to locate and rescue four missing climber. Before critical avalanche conditions In the late 'forties and early 'fifties and the decision that there was no a large group of young men emerged po ible chance of the missing men from the Canterbury-Westland moun­ having urvived led to the abandon­ tains a fine climbers and close ment of the search, an avalanche friends, tested and hardened, self­ buried the 5,500 ft. camp of eight reliant and fun-loving. They were a men of the high-climbing search diverse group, religious and agnostic, team. The seven others urvived. introvert and extrovert, intellectual Mr. Harrison was one of New or superficially profane and earthy; Zealand's most experienced moun­ bu in heir arious way all were taineers. He twice accompanied Sir struggling for quality in their living, Edmund Hillary to the Himalaya . and they found that quality in their Sir Edmund speaks of him as H an ideal man to have on an expedition". occupations, mountaineering and When Peter Mulgrew was badl friendship . frostbitten in the Himalayas, John John Harrison as one of the mo t Harrison, he says, "played a very respected members of the group. He great part in my rescue. In man was tall and dark, handsome, and ways I owe m life to him." slightly reserved in public. In private he emerged as a centre of good ANTARCTIC SERVICE judgement, wit and laughter, gales of laughter and happ. life. Everyone John Harrison vas t\vice in th felt the better for his company, Antarctic with New Zealand parties. vvhether for hours, da or week . He wa a member of a Ne v Zealand team instructing United States scien­ He enhanced his reputation by hi tists in search and rescue techniques performance on the C.M.C. Expedi­ and was greatly admired by the tion to Masherbrum in 1955 and bv Americans to \",hom he passed on many new climbs in New Zealand something of his own great know­ (Black Tow~r, Tasman by the Bal­ ledge of mountain-craft. Philip M. four rib, and others), so that he wa Smith says of him: HWhat I knew a natural choice for a position a \,vas absolutely fine. He had a keen artist and mountah.:cer-assistant interest in other, their help. instrJC­ \.vith the N.Z. Geological and Surve tion. and safety being Daramoun~. Antarctic Expedition 1958-59. Not many like this nowadays." That party was to be landed near As expected, his wit, enthusiasm Wood Bay, but damage to an ice­ and competence made him a er breaker meant that new plan had popular instructor. to be made suddenly to spend the An a-'oeal laun hed by the New season in the McMurdo Sound dis­ Zealand Alpine Club on behalf of trict. John's energy, reliability, good Mr. Harrison's widow and two youna humour, and skill in human relations child~.en met \vith immediate 'he'1rt~ helped to turn a potentially dismal felt response, and within a very few ituation into a vital, enjoyable and week5 a sum of over £17,000 had been productive summer. Harrison Creek sub cribed. at Cape Bird wa named after him. He was a member of the first part" to climb Mt. Discovery at the head of McMurdo Sound, and, after a cold We are indebted to one of his Ant­ day of 32 hours he still had ufficient arctic associates (who wishe to resilience to sit outside for another - main ano;:) mOll ) for the follow­ four hour to make a cra on dra ­ ing t~ibut . ing of the camp and the mountain. September, 1966 ANTARCTI'C 361

I t took time to realise his toughness, He died under a oft- no-v aval­ and the mental and physical powers anche while engaged on a hopele that he kept in re erve. On another rescue attempt on Mt. Rolleston in occasion he sat for two hours at a 'Ninter. He mu t have known, with urvey station in a temperaure of an awful clarity, that the rescue - 12° F. and a wind of 30 knots attem}?t was highly dangerou , but sketchin2" a full panorama in pencil, his SkIll and judgement were needed, while his fingers were protected and ere given. The god still play only by silk gloves. His ensitive and tragedies with those whom they love. professional drawings were evoca­ tive of the mystic qualitie of ill')UIl­ tain and the human ituation, a een by an experienced mountaineer. Some of them are scattered through the pages of New Zealand mountain­ eering journals along with hi photo­ HBUD" WAITE RETIRES graph and article . During ome mid-season transport An1erican polar man Amory H. delays he wa leader of the third Waite first hit the headlines as radio­ party to climb Mt. Erebu by a new man in the group of three men who all-snow route direct from the Ross travelled for 72 hours in 70° below Ice Shelf, via a camp e tablished at zero weather to rescue Admiral Byrd 5,000 feet by man-hauling. A fast ki from hi IlAdvance Base" in 1934. run at 8,000 feet on a changing ur­ Recognition came to him later a face from the ummit back to the explorer, inventor, electronics en­ camp wa one of the joys of hi life. gineer, lecturer, author, participant On the return to Scott Base the in 14 nuclear bomb tests, and as a party sat on the sledge, pointed it at member of variou joint Federal Castle Ridge, and let it go. Having agency scientific expeditions. In­ arrived afely at the ridge they cluded in hi polar experience are hoisted a ail (improvi ed from a 11 Antarctic expeditions and partici­ tent floor), fixed red and green bal­ pation in 12 Arctic research pro­ loon to a spar to mark port and grammes over a period of 31 year. starboard, revised some sea chanties, and finally bounced down the slopes In February 1962, in recognition of into the base bubbling with enthu- his achievements as an electronic iasm, a day before they were ex­ engineer, including invention of an pected. Later in the season John accurate polar altimeter and ice­ used vehicles, and took dogs on a depth system for icecap aviator surveying trip, but continued to talk ''''hich he later described in visits to nostalgically of the delights of the numerou European countries, he old days of sailing sledge and their was awarded the Veteran Wireles hard-driven crew . Association' Marconi Gold tledal. n the following year he wa a His later Antarctic trips included m mber of the 1960-61 Himala an Operation Highjump in 1947. Scientific and Mountaineering Ex­ pedition, narrowl mi ing the Uffi­ IlBud" retired recently after 24 mit attempt on Mt. Makalu (near ears of service in the Dcpartment l\At. Evere t). Hi character and of the Arm. strength were both needed desper­ ately when several climbers and porters were di ablecl high on a mountain, and he had to pend ten Th United States i spending $27 da s at over 24,000 feet organi ing million thi year on what must be the rescue of another ex-Antarctican, the biggest nothing n earth­ Peter Mulgre , who had suffered Antarctica. Wh ? partial paralysis. Later, he continued If there is a one-word an ,wer. it his New Zealand mountaineering and must bePRO,MISE. It i not today was a member of everal rescue that i thought of in Antarctica, but parti . tomor 0 . ( .lP ..) '.' 362 ANTARCTIC September, 1966

by David Burke* [Inertial Navigation, which was originally developed for military aircraft, nuclear submarines and missiles, is a method of guidance - based on the use of the gyro and accelerome er and electronic computer - which provides guidance without any reference to ground stations, celestial fixes, a.dio beacons or any other equipment. - Ed.]

The hi toric li tvvin pole " flight of in tantaneo" aircraft po ition, head­ a Flying Tigers' cargoliner which ing, ground speed, ground track and took place late last year wa al 0 range and course to the next de tina­ memorable for another rea on - it tion. was the first-ever to be guided by liThe inertial ystem upplied b inertial navigation acro both the Litton provided us with a flight North and South Pole . cour e that cro ed the South Pole The FI ing Tiger' BoeinQ 707­ within one mile of dead centre," aid liPolecat" - a peciall fi tted with Fred Austin, co-commander of the a Litton L -3 inertial navigation sys­ polar flight. liThe accurac. of the tem for the 26,000-mile Arctic­ system 0 er the ev n hour 35 Antarctic j oume hich et eight minute flight from Bueno Aire to world record . Antarctica reflected a tremendous The flight as believed to be the technological achievement." fir t acro the South Pole itself b Significant ad antages of the iner- the inertial navigation method. or­ tital navigation tern on it unique mally the Litton LN-3 sy tern i used North Pole-South Pole flight er in th F-I04G Starfighter of the demon trated a the aircraft ap­ Royal Canadian and ATO air proached the polar region . Other force. na igation sy terns hich reI on Aviation expert on the flight com­ magnetic heading are inoperable mented that the inertial system over the poles and tho e which de­ demon trated the global capacit of pend on radio reception are unrelia­ thi new form of navigation equip­ ble at tho e point, being frequentl­ ment for commercial airlines­ disrupted by the phenomena a oci­ especially for tran -polar route of ated with the aurora. the future, abo e the de alate Ant­ 'Nhen the FI. ing Tigers' aircraft arctic ice cap. landed at Chri tchurch, after th In fact, the LN-3 y tern on Flying long tran -polar flight from Hono­ Tiger' liPolecat" enabled the air­ lulu, it was determined that after craft to home directl on the South b'ase were set in the LN-3 inertial Pole when other, more traditional, Jlavigation sy tern gyro, th error in navigation aids, which were imul­ the equipment' reading wa not taneou ly in use, had re ulted in an more than one nautical mile per error in course. (The omni beacon at hour. the South Pole wa not transmitting During the am 51 hour 20 minute and, in all, the Boeing 707 would iGurne , the Boeing 707 also carried have mis ed the Pole borne 40 'a Litton la er rangefinder, hich a miles if the inertial navigation read­ operated a an altimeter, and ing had not been available.) measured altitude jn exce s 0 Installed a t short notice in" anI 30,0 0 feet to ithin an accuracy of one and a half day , and po itioned five feet at ground le el. (The e on a shelf in the cabin, the Litton estimate were ba ed on pre iou ­ L -3 s st nl pro ided' a di pIa of known ..,urface-Iev 1 calibration .) The aircra t al 0 carri d U.S. * M man, . ~. ., u tralia. Weath r Bur au carbon dio id and September, 1966 ANTARCTI'C 363 E MAR McM -080- by lan Stirling*

INTRODUCTION Year Pups Symbol This article reports the number of 1963-64 85 VL Weddell seals that have been tagged 1964-65 284 IV and branded in McMurdo Sound 1965 94 ZX from 1963 to 1966. The purpose js to 1965 247 H describe the appearance of each of the tags and brands so that casual Total 710 observers will know what to look for, and, I hope, report. These brands were put on the The Weddell seals in McMurdo pup's back in the region of the rump. Sound are being marked to assist in The following number of seals defining the population parameters. were tagged by U.S.A.R.P. The num­ By this I mean the following char­ bers include pups, sub-adults, and acteristics: birth rate, death rate, adults. longevity, life expectancy of variou age classes, and daily and seasonal Number of movement. Year Seals Tag-ged This work is of value because of 1963-64 ...... 186 the growing interest in the harvest 1964-65 625 of seals throughout the world. It is quite conceivable that within a few Total 811 years ID re extensive sealing may begin on the Antarctic continent. As virtually nothing is known of the These seals were tagged with silver population dynamics of any of the coloured tags put into the webbing Antarctic seals it is important to of the hind flipper. Each tag has a assess the parameters of this acces­ number on it. The number has the siQle population and try to calculate nrefix uMCM" which stands for Mc­ th~'- depletion a tock could with- Murdo. The whole number (e.g.. tand. MCM 356) should be recorded. Eight hundred of these tags will be used TAGGING AND MARKI G in the 1966-67 season. Two hundred and fifty-two Wed­ From 1963 to 1965 the Canterbury dell seals were tagged by the author University Antarctic Biology Unit during January and February, 1966. branded seal pups. This was to pro­ (Seventeen crabeater seals were also vide known age animals to study tagged.) These seals were tagged survival of pups. A summary of the with coloured plastic tags in their number of pups branded and the hind flippers. The positions of the ymbol used i as follows: tags in the seal's hind flipper are illustrated in Fig. 1. The combination ozone samplers, New York Univer­ of locations of each coloured tag sity radiation and cosmic ray detec­ de.notes a number in a' -preqeter­ tors, Douglas aircraft cameras for mIned code. Thus it is very impor­ recording cloud characteristics, and tant with this system to ensure the a Collins long-range single sideband flipper is flat, check which is the left twcrway voice and teletype com­ and right side of the eal, and record munications system. the exact position of each tag. As The importance of the flight shoulrl many as possible of the folIowin.? be very obvious to the international details would complete the record of airlines which serve both Australia a seal siting: the seal's number or and New Zealand and, of course, coding, sex, length, location of siting. South Africa and South America. numbers of other seals present, and general comments, if any. Several

1: Zoology Department, Canterbur Uni er it , hundred seals will be tagged usinp' Chri tchurch, ew Zealand. thi m thod in 1966-67. 364 ANTARCTl'C September, 1966 "THE SOUTHERN OCEAN IS A VOLCANO AREA" Associates of the Geography Insti­ tute, U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences, headed by Zhivago, M.Sc. (Geogra­ phy), have fathomed the depths of the ocean bottom at a distance of B CK 70,000 miles on the Soviet diesel­ electric ship HOb". Soviet oceano­ grapher Alexandr Zhivago, wl).o i the author of the geomo~holo~ical LEFT RI HT map of the SO,uth Oceal1 S, bottom, OUTSIDE OUTISIDE the first such map in the world, says that an uninterrupted belt of deep­ INSIDE INSIDE water cauldrons covered wiht a thick layer of ediments encircles the Antarctic. The bottom is seemingly agging there. Hill in the form of a circle tower beyond the cauldrons. FIGURE 1. LOCATION OF Part of them is a continuation of PLASTIC TAGS the system of median oceanic ridcres which stretch in all ocean for I;.J FLIPPER thousands of kilometres. In actual fact this is a complicated agglomeration of parallel ridges and hollows with a definitely outlined Observations made by anyone in central valley having a narrow and the field who sees marked seals are flat bed. Apart from median ridges, extremely valuable as they give this circle of upheavals includes also information on movements and sur­ billows whose structure is similar. vival. All records should be sent to These are eemingly peculiar rises I. Stirling, Zoology Department, Can­ of the basalt layer of the crust, terbury University, Christchurch. I flooded with volcanic lavas. will be pleased to tell anyone who Submarine ridges and billows sends in such information where the located on the northern border of seal he saw has been previously. the Southern Ocean emerged mainly ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS as a result of tectonic processes and olcanism. I am extremely grateful to the Antarctic Division of the D.S.I.R., EARTHQUAKE AREA Wellington, the Zoology Department, The northern boundaries of the Canterbury University, the University cauldrons are littered with gigantic Grants Committee, Wellington, and blocks of submarine cliffs. Earth­ the United States Navy Squadron quakes in the area of the ridges are VX-6 for co-operation and support. rather common. Not only new rock I thank Mr. G. J. Kooyman, Univer­ can be met on the bottom, but also sity of Arizona, for the data on tag­ ancient ones. Zhivago speculate ging done by U.S.A.R.P. that the clumpy relief of the bottom testifies to the renovation of certain V.N., ANTARCTICA ancient structures which is seem­ The Mayor of Oamaru, in a jovial ingly a regular process of evolution mood after a talk by Colonel F. H. of the oceanic bed. Halgreen, U.S. Army, to the Ex-Royal Huge cones and volcano cluster Navalmen's Association, said that were spotted on the South Ocean' the Antarctic appeared to him to be bottom. The expedition discovered a most suitable ite for the United summits which are 250-300 metre ation . below the ocean's surface. They were It wa designated for "peaceful named the Ob Bank and the Lena purposes" only and would pro ide Bank in honour of the So iet Ant­ the right atmosphere. arctic hip. September, 1966 ANTARCTI'C 365 MPEROR PENGUIN ROOKERIES OF VICTORIA LAND by H. J. Cranfield~'

Two previously unrecorded Em­ were counted: the censu figures arc peror penguin rookeries were found given in the table on p366. on the Victoria Land coa t in 1964 and 1965. The ighting of these rookeries at Cape Roget in Novem­ ber 1964 and Cape Washington in October 1965 is reported here, and censuses made of the Coulman Island and Cape Roget rookeries, both of which were visited by heli­ copter in November 1964, ·are also given. Despite the number of expeditions along the Victoria Land coast, the first Emperor penguin rookery was not discovered there until 1958. It ,vas sighted on sea ice between Coul­ man Island and the coast, from a helicopter of the V.S. Na y ice­ breaker "Glacier".l Later on the same cruise 100 Emperor penguins were observed on sea ice close to where the Cape Washington rookery was ubsequently discovered.1 The many sightings of small group of Emperors on sea ice farther south -along the coast suggest that further Emperor rookeries may occur there. Low altitude flights early in the season appear to be the anI satis­ factory technique of establishing thi (cf. 2). The rookery at Cape Roget a first sighted from a helicopter flying In centre, an Emperor low across the Moubray Piedmont. feeds its chick. The rookery was on sea ice in the angle between the cliffs of the Mou­ Coulman Island rooker va~ bray Piedmont and the volcanic cliffs visited on Novenlb r 7, 1964, and of Cape Roget. On November 9, 1964, closely resembled the description of adult Emperors and chick were it in 1958.1 Emperor penguins scattered in several groups over a were spread in everal arcs over four triangular area a mile and a half miles of sea ice alonq; the north-\vest along the cliffs and three-quarter of coast of the islaed to the cliffs. a mile acro s smooth sea ice. Aban­ Though the ice on which most of the doned eggs and ery young dead birds were scattered was flat, the chicks close to the ice cliffs suggest northernmost colonies were di­ that the Emperors had spent. most persed among low pressure ridges; of the winter under their helter the, ice under the e colonies had and had only recently··dispersed.from broken UD since it had formed. them. All adults and·chicks pre ent Adul t'.~ and chIck in thr~e-quarler of the rookery were counted. In the 1: Fisherie Re ear h Di ision, Wellington. remainder, the more cattered nor- 366 ANTARCTIC September. 1966

Rookery F·rst Record Adult Penguins Chick Cape Roget ...... 1964 10,100 (1964) 11,700 (1964) Coulman Island Harrington,1959 20,000 (1964) 21,000 (1964) Cape Washington ... 1965 4,000-6,000 (1965) 4,000-6,000 (1965) thern colonies, number were accur­ man Island in 1958 numerous alter­ ately estimated. native layers of snow and droppings \vere found under the surface.' On October 29, 1965, low cloud and Snow accumulation at Coulman poor visibility forced the V.S. Navy Island was considerably greater than aircraft, in which I was travelling to at Cape Roget, possibly because the Hallett Station, to fly low. During higher cliffs of the island. provided the flight, which followed the coast­ a wider area of shelter to t eir wind­ line closely, an Emperor penguin ward in the predominantly outherly rcokery was seen on sea ice on the storms of the region. The rookery at south side of Cape Washington, a Cape Washington would similarly be mile from the tip of the cape. The well protected from southerly winds. estimation of the size of this rookery is at best very approximate; from The Cape Roget rookery, being the brief view i" appeared to be situated on fast ice in an angle about half the size of the Cape Roget a most surrounded by the Moubray rookery. Piedmont ice cliffs and Cape Roget, When visited in 1964 both the Cape is protected from early break-un Raget and Coulman Island rookeries during winter and early ummer. had large open leads to the north. Ladv Newnes Ice Shelf and Coulman The nearest at Cape Roget was 15 to Island must also protect the Coulman 20 miles along the coast, between rookery from such break-up. In 1964, Cape MacCormick and Possession however, winter break-up of the no ­ Island. At Coulman Island open them sections at Coulman Island water was only two miles from the may have been responsible for con­ northernmost colonies and extended siderable egg or chick mortality. The from Cape Wadsworth almost to the population of 21,000 chicks was very Tucker Glacier. Large congregations much smaller than that estimated in of adults were observed at the edge 1958. Dearborn estimated the popu­ of the water in both areas. At Cape lation at 33,000 breeding pairs Roget some adults were feeding in (reported in 1) and Harrington a crack in the sea ice a mile south­ estimated it at 50,000 chicks.' east of the rookery, but more were The eXDosed nature of the rooke observed on the edge of the water at at Cape Washington uggests that it Cape MacCormick. Open water was would also be subject to a imilar not seen near Cape Washington in risk of premature break-up. 1965, but visibility was too restricted Budda considered safet from to enable the area to be viewed premature dispersal was one o~ ~he adequately. most important factors determInIng Snow accumulation during winter Emperor rookery sites. In thi appeared to have been minimal at respect Coulman Island is far les the Cape Roget rookery. The surface satisfactory than Cape Roget. The was heavily stained and trampled Coulman rookery appears to be bet­ and there were no layer of drop­ ter protected from strong ~in~s, als.o pings below it. Both abandoned eggs an important conSIderatIon.. Thl and the very youngest dead chicks factor and presumably bette~ avail­ had remained exposed on the sur­ ability of food may account for th face. Away from the cliffs, wind had existence of the ery much larger kept the sea ice bare of snow. Condi­ rookery in the apparentl les pro­ tions appeared ery different at pitiou area. Coulman Island, where sno N under penguin was only lightl stained (1) HarringtoD, H. J., 1959: otorni, 127- and compacted and no egg or oung 132. dead chick were exposed on the 2) Korotke ich, Ye. S., 1962: So. nt. xp. urface. Expo ed bodies were th Inf. Bull., 42: 371-374. . am size a living chick. At Coul- (3) Budd, G. M., 1961: Emu, 61:171-189. September, 1966 ANTARCT·I'C 367 THE READER WRITES Sidelights of Antarctic Research Letters, preferably not longer than 500-600 words, are invited from readers who have observed some little known facet of Antarctic life or who have reached conclusions of interest on some Antarctic problem. - Ed.

A SKUA AT VOSTOK is indeed u over 90 years of age". In fact, he was 94 last January. He Sir, apologises for using a stick when I read with interest in your June outside of the house and adds: issue of HAntarctic" the article by V. Petrov and B. Chemov in which HOn the 20th (of July) I am leaving they reported a sighting of a skua at on a holiday to Australia, Japan, Vostok on December 15, 1964. The Hong Kong and Bangkok and arrive question is, "How did it fly so far home November 26." inland (900 miles) and locate Vostok In a final plea he writes, HSurely it Station, a mere dot in the icy, is nicer to be a leader than a fol­ featureless wasteland?" lower." I offer the following possibilitv. We are sure all our readers will During the last phase of our ANARE wish Mr. Allsop a happy journey. Vostok Traverse we were nearly 200 miles south of Wilkes Station on January 6, 1963, when we sighted a bird flying low and following our' TIRELESS VETE,RAN flagged trail southwards. When it Only one man, says a Canadian came closer it was recognised to be writer, bridges the gap between the a great skua and it spent some time explorers of the Antarctic half a with us before flying off in a century ago and the new teams southerly direction, still following working there today. our old trail and marker flags. He is Sir Charles Wright, 78 years These flags on 10 ft. poles we had old. Sir Charles recently returned olaced every 2}1 miles during our 90G-mile traverse from Wilkes to from his fourth journey to the Ant­ Vostok. In addition to the flags we arctic in the last five years. left behind numerous c\tums, cairn~ As C. S. Wright, he was the physi­ and other trail markers ~hich should cist of Captain Scott's Last Expedi­ still be plainly visible~ for many tion, 1910~13. It was Wright who led miles. , ' '; one section of the search party, and A skua has good eyesight and will who sighted the mound covering- the investigate any strange markings or tent in which lay the bodies of Scott, material on the snow surface. As Wilson and Bowers. indicated, one followed our trail 200 During World War I, Sir Charles miles inland and continued to follow served with the British Engineers it further inland. Thus it is conceiv­ and Intelligence. Research work be­ able that a skua could follow our tween the wars, with the British trail markers all the way to Vostok: Admiralty, heading the Royal Naval oerhaos the one that appeared at Scientific Service, equipped him for Vostok on December 15, 1964, did a war-time job directing 600 scien­ just that! tists looking for ways to counteract . R. B. THOMSON new German weapons. He "retired" three times (the first NEVER TOO LATE TO TRAVEL time in 1947) but then a chance to lvlr. G. W. Allsop, who made a study disturbances in the earth's spirited plea in our last issue for magnetic field drew him back to the New Zealand initiative in promoting Antarctic about five years ago. He is Antarctic tourism, assures us that. he now "considering" retirement again. 368 ANTARCTIC September, 1966

ANTARCTIC BOOKSHELF PETER MULGREW WILSON'S DIARY MAN AND AUTHOR The English publishers, Blandford Press, announce the forthcoming New Zealanders, remembering publication of Edward Wilson's Peter Mulgrew's notable part in our "Diary of the Discovery Expedition country's contribution to the Trans­ to the Antarctic Re'gions 1901-1904." Antarctic Expedition as well as his The 440-pa~e volume, costing (U.K.) later Himalayan exploits, will read £6 6s., willlDclude 47 watercolour, in with pleasure this extract from a four-colour offset litho, as well as review by Nigel Tangye of his book many monochrome illustrations. liNO PLACE FOR MEN" in the latest There are 300,000 words of Wilson's issue ot the Geo~aphical Jountal own writing. There is a special chap­ (English edition: London, Nicholas ter dealing with New Zealand, writ­ Vane, 1965). ten on the way home. Publication i liThe photograph of Peter Mul­ scheduled for October 3, 1966. grew, down from the mountain, which forms the cover of his remark­ OF WHALES AND MEN able book, is enough to warn the Dr. R. B. Robertson is an adven­ reader that the pages that follow will ture-seeking Scottish doctor who, be harrowing. Its fabric of pain, after peace-and-war experiences in anguish and disappointment is, how­ such widely-scattered lands a Aby­ ever, shot through by the bright sinia, India, Palestine and Italy, thread of the author' character, spent the 1950-51 season as senior and it is his s oicism, his astonishing Medical Officer with a whaling fleet good humour and his sheer guts in the far-South Atlantic. He then while suffering in the most appalling wrote a vivid and hard-hitting book, manner that combine to make thi HOf Whales and Men". In 1957 he ''''ark inspiring. Th~ memory left in was again in the Antarctic, thi time the reader's mind of the failure on with Operation Deep Freeze in Mc­ Makalu i one of inspiration and Murdo Sound and at Little America strength. on the Ross Ice Shelf. Dr. Robertson 11 ••• The account of their time is now in New Zealand, on the staff on the mountain is enhanced by the of the We:stland Hospital, Hokitika. author's instinct for understatement. He has been approached by ,an Men of action often make a feature American firm which want to make of this, and unless skilfully treated a film based on his whaling book. it becomes laboured and a bore to the reader. Mr. Mulgrew, however, PUBLISHED IN NEW ZEALAND is an author who writes what he The Ad(Hie Pen~ (Pyg-oscelis feels, and he feels what he writes. Adeliae) Egg, by Bnan Reid. .Z. Jnl. His sincerity in this respect trans­ Science, 8 (4), December 1965, 503­ mits to the reader a strong sense of 14. participation and sympathy."· . The Growth and Development of the South Polar Skua (Catharatca maccormicki), by Brian E. Reid. IIDill Reports the News" announces Notornis, XIII (2), June 1966. that a catalogue of Arctic and Ant­ The Value of the York Reserve in arctic postmarks and cachets is Adelie Penguin Chicks, by Brian E. available from Gerhard Troegel, Reid and Colin Bailey. Records Dom. Keiserst, 27/29, 509 Leverkusen, Museum~ 5 (10), July 1966: 185-193. West Germany. It is in German but A Sequence of Soils from a Pen­ His nearly all dates, geographical guin Rookery, Inexpressible Island, facts and names of operations". The Antarctica, by I. B. Campbell and ingle sheets cost 15 pfg (about 4 G. G. C. Claridge. N.Z. Jnl. Science, D.S. c) p r heet. 9 (2), June 1966: 361-72. September, 1966 ANTARCTI'C 369

COMING UP "DOWN TO THE ICE" Several men who have served with The latest issue of the Post­ New Zealand Antarctic teams are Primary Bulletins published by the writing books in which they draw on Department of Education's School their experiences in the Ross Depen- Publications Branch is an Antarctic " dency and other Antarctic areas. number. "Down to the Ice" by L. B. Quartermain gives in its 48 pages the Philip Temple's book on the South impressions of three Queen's Scouts Indian Ocean Expedition to sub­ who spent the summer months with Antarctic Heard Island, reported in the New Zealand Antarctic team at our issues for March 1965 ,(po. 43). Scott Base, one or other of them June 1965 (p. 98) and June 1966 (p. visiting and working at Cape Royds 300), is about to be published by and the Dry Valleys, and accompany­ Cassels, and should be available in ing a relief flight further south. New Zealand this month. It is en­ titled HTHE SEA AND THE SNOW". Though this Bulletin does not The author, one of the three New describe the actual experience of any Zealanders who took P9.rt in this one Scout-Boys' Brigade team, it daring and successful adventure, was does attempt to see the activities of responsible for the collection of an Antarctic summer through the insects and arthropods for the B. P. eyes of three keen and intelligent Bishop Museum, HonoJulu. and par­ boys who are having the opportunity ticipated in the epic first ascent of to see the Antarctic as working mem­ Big Ben, which dominates the island. bers of a New Zealand summer party, as three such boys have done L. B. (Les.) Quartermain has writ­ during each of the past few years. ten the early history of the Ross Sea sector from the time of Cook up to The Bulletin is well illustrated and the beginning of the "Byrd era". The its production reflects credit on the author has had access to a great deal editorial staff concerned and the of previously unused material, in­ .Government Printer. cluding manuscript diaries, to pro­ duce the first full-scale history of any one sector of the Antarctic. Publica­ tion of this 450-page book, "SOUTH JOURNAL ~ES VOYAGES TO THE POLE", by the Oxford University Press is expected early The Belgian monthly .geograph'ical n~xt year. magazine "Journal des Voyages" de­ voted its September 1965 issue to A. G. (Geor~e) Lewis,' who was Belgian activities in the Antarctic. senior technical officer at Scott Base The 56 pages of text comprise auth­ for two successive years, 1963 and oritative articles on such subjects as 1964, and who had previously served "1../Effort Antarctique BeIge" by for two years with British Antarctic Baron G. de Gerlache, "Political Co­ teams, is drawing on his unusually operation in the Antarctic" by A. Van, long and varied experience to pro­ der Essen, "Geolog-ical Exploration duce a book, primarily for young of the Sor-Rondane" by T. Van p ople, on the Antarctic scene. Autenboer (Expedition Leader 1966)J W. W. (Wally) Herbert also an and articles on penguins and Ant­ experienced F.LD.S. man (1955-59) arctic oceanography. The journal is and, after wintering at Scott Base in heautifully produced and the copious 1961, leader of the New Zertland illustrations, many in colour, are party which re-traced Amundsen's relevant, informative, and jn many iourney down the Axel Heiberg cases splendid examples of Antarctic Glacier, is attempting to capture the photography. Even the advertise­ spirit of the Antarctic explorer, to ments, in many cases, are 'of con­ demonstrate "what makes him tic1<". siderable Antarctic interest. Alto· His own Antarctic experiences plus gether a highly commendable pro­ a period in Spitzbergen and wide duction. travel should qualify him for this O'ur copy by courtesy of the Be!­ difficult and intere ting task~ gian Embassy in Wellington. 370 ANTARCTIC September, 1966

"GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY" 50 YEARS AGO Dr. Colin Bull, Director of the Ohio State University Institute of Polar 1916. The lvorld was at war. But Studies, has kindly pointed out a Shackleton had been ordered to number of misprints in our revie\N carry on with his Tram-Antarctic of HGeology and Paleontology" in the Expedition.. "EnduranceJl with the f.1arch, 1966, issue of Antarctic. We proposed crossing. party had pene­ regret that these were not corrected. trated the Weddell Sea while The article on tillite in the Ohio ((Aurora" ha.d made for the Ross Range was written by William E. Sea with the men who were to lay LO'NG. the "discoverer" of the Buck­ the depots across the I ce Shelf for eye Tillite. The review refers to him the last stage of the trans-Antarctic as Lang. The man who wrote up the journey. igneous rocks of the Ohio Range and who also heloed with the Mount ((Endurance", trapped in the ice, Gran -paper, is Samuel B. TREVES. had eventually sunk and her 28 men The main author of the Mount Gran had reached Elephant Island. .paper was Arthur MIRSKY. George Shackleton and five others had set A. Doumani is given an incorrect out on the perilous voyage to South initial. "Halpeen's" correct name is Georgia to seek help, leaving 22 men Martin HALPERN, and Anderson is on the barren island - hoping J. J. Anderson. against hope that help would come. Some of the fossil names also "Aurora" had been carried out to suffer: Brachiopoda, Bryozoa, Verte­ sea but after drifting helplessly, ice­ braria. and cricoconarida all are :nis-· bound, for ten months had been spelled. freed and reached N evv Zealand. It was then too late to send a ship FOR THE SPECIALIST south to rescue the ten men who /:lad bee-n ntarooned, so no relief The Dictionary Catalog of The could take place until the 1916-17 Stefansson Collection on the Polar SUlnmer. Regions, Dartmouth College Library, will be published in eight volumes by G. K. Hall & Co., of Boston. The Stefansson Collection, a monu­ ON ELEPHANT ISLAND1: ment to the collecting energies and The story of August 30, 1916 acumen of the Arctic explorer Dr. Vilhjalmur Stefansson, existed as a "August 30, 1916, is described 'n private collection for a quarter of their diaries as 'a day of wonders'. a century before its transfer in 1951 . Food was very short, only two days' to Baker Library at Dartmouth. seal and penguin meat being left, Historical coverage is the main and no prospect of any more arriv­ emphasis of the collection, with pri­ ing. The whole party had been col­ mary concern for the history - of lecting limpets and seaweed to eat Polar explorations. Resources on the ,,,,ith the stewed seal bones." Arctic and Antarctic are available (and on August 30 as lunch was within specified chronological and being served) geographical limits, while document­ itthe mist opened and revealed the ation of the jnternational-relations shipi ~or which they had been waiting aspect of the Polar regions is in­ and longinG and hoping for over four cluded without regard to period. months." This catalogue will be available at (from one of the diaries) the prepublication price of $380; itMarston was the first to notice it after January 31, 1967, the price will and immediately yelled out 'Ship O!' be $470. These prices apply only in -The inmates of the hut mistook it the United States; there is an addi­ for a call- for 'Lunch O!' so took no tional charge of 10 per cent. on nctice at first. Soon, however, we orders shipped elsewhere. heard him pattering along the snow Inquiries and orders may be sent as fast as he could run, and in a to the publisher, G. K. Hall & Co.. gasping, anxious voice, hoarse with 70 Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachu­ setts, D.S.A., 02111. * From Shackleton: "'South". September. 1966 ANTARCTI'C 371

excitement he shouted, 'Wild, there's It was like going on board of a a ship! Hadn't we better light a man 0' war out of a collier every­ flare?' We all made one dive for our thing being so clean. The first thing narrow door. Those who could not to meet the eyes on going into the get through tore down the canvas hut was Joyce & Wild Printers. The walls in their hurry and excitement. old hut brought back pleasant The hoosh-pot with our precious lim­ memories of the last expedition pets and seaweed was kicked over 1907-9. It is small and compjict quite In the rush. There, just rounding the , different to Scott's ·big hut. ;We then island which had previously hidqen started to dig out cases. I had a her from our sight, we saw a little good idea where the matches were ship flying the Chilean flag. stowed. After digging down about 4 "We tried to cheer, but excitement feet came on them. There was a big had gripped our vocal chor .~. case about 1 cwt. so if the relief does Macklin had made a rush for ti·~ not arrive these will be a godsend. flagstaff, previously placed in the We then found cases of Salmon, most conspicuous position on the ice­ Haddock and butter all in plendid slope. The running-gear would not condition although they had been work and the flag was frozen into there 8 years, but unfortunately a solid compact mass; so he tied his found no tobacco which to my mind jersey to the top of the pole for a \vould have been better than the ignal. food. We loaded up the sledge and uWild put a 'pick through our la t after taking stock found there would remaining tin of petrol, and soaking be sufficient food there for 2 years. coats, mitts and socks with it carried We arrive back about 3 o'clock. At them to the top of Penguin Hill at 7 o'clock we sat down to a royal the end of our spit, and soon they banquet, Stevens being the chef. The were ablaze. scientists found some hops and malt "Meanwhile most of us had gath­ and brewed beer, or it tasted some­ ered on the foreshore watching with thing like it, but the after effects anxious eyes for any signs that the was something awful, but Wild ship had seen us, or for any answer­ thoroughl enjoyed it. ing signals. As we stood and gazed she seemed to turn away as if she hqd not seen us ... suddenly she stopped, a boat was lowered, and we could recognize Sir E.mest's figure as "Now we have ~o look fOI"\Vard to he climbed down the ladder. Simul- being relieved, but if the war is still .taneously we burst into a cheer and on we can only expect relief from then' one said to the other 'Thank America if she is not in it. I am kill­ Go'd,.rthe Boss is safe!'" ing all seals for fuel and meat all parts of the seal we are now utiliz­ IN McMURDO SOUND ing. Brains, tongue, heart, kidney and liver all make a good change. On the other side of Antarctica, seven of the ten marooned men were ... Each skin will last 4 to 5 days still alive, two of them incapacitated. for fuel. The way we use same it is Some extracts from Joyce's Diary.* cut in about 8 inch squares and put In these later months the diary wa not into the stove. The warmth from it written up daily but i a more or le con­ gives the hut a good temperature tinuous narrative. but the worst part we have to con­ "On August 20th decided to take a tend with is the fumes, the sides of trip to Cape Royds to try and find the hut and everything you put your some matches, etc., ... started at fingers on is greasy. ... 9 o'clock with 2 companions & do.a team arrived there at 11, in the meantime the temperature going HIn September I went to Cape down to - 45. Found the hut snowed Royds with Gaze and Wild to study up but oon had the door clear. ... the Penguins as there is a rookerY there. Richards is still in bed but otherwise everyone is in good ,,< Transcript by Jo ce him elf, in Turnbull Librar , Wellington, .Z. spirit ." 372 ANTARCTI'C September. 1966

2. A Polar Refer nc Libra (m- SOCIETY OFFICERS phasising the Antarctic but in­ The ne Pre ident of the ew Zea­ cluding Arctic material) with land Antarctic Societyis Mr. Eric R. Archiv and Map Repositor and G·bbs of Taihape. Mr. Gibbs ha Office for staff and public u e. given long and loyal service to the Society and will be remembered as 3. A storeroom for housing a re erve a member of the Huts Restoration collection of historical relics and Party 1960-61, and leader of the 1964 equipment and natural pecimens. and 1965 teams. He has won wide acclaim for hi collection of Antarc­ tic tamp and cover , and has cor­ The Hundredth Anni er a Wing, re ponded ith Antarctic eteran of which the Antarctic Centre com­ and enthu ia t in many part of the prises a substantial part, will cost \\forld. probabl in exces of £100,000, but Secretary of the Society is V. E. with the Museum' policy of funding DonneUy. income, th Board aim to ha e £40,000 in hand hen the appeal is Wellington Branch launched in 1970, and is confident Chairman: W. Hopper. that public donations and a Govern­ Secretary: ,W. Prebble. ment ubsidy will make up the T'reasurer: A. H. Newton. balance. Mr. Hopper is succeeded as Publi­ city Officer b Mr. I. McMillan. The immediate purpose of this notice is to bring the scheme to the Canterbury Branch attention of people or institutions Chairman: R. Hek . Secretary: Mrs. E. F. Cra . who may be able to asSISt by provid­ Treasurer: J. Cross. ing collections of Antarctic material; books and archives (including let­ SOCIETY BADGE ters, diaries, photographs and The Annual Meeting of the e sketches); historical relics of any Zealand Antarctic Society in August authorised the production of a lapel type, and natural history material. badge for Society members. The desi0;n will resemble the penguin crest on Societ stationer. Sup­ In deciding what theme to feature plies should be a ailable b the end in it~ Centennial extensions the Trust of the year. Board considered that New Zealand hould have an Antarctic Centre and that ChTlstchurch ( hose ea port ANTARC IC CEN RE erved the Scott, Shackleton and Amundsen expedition of the decade FOR CANTERBURY MUSEUM 1901-1911 a it airport erve the current Deep Freeze operation ) ha To celebrate its 100th anniver ary, unique claim by hi tor and loca­ which falls in 1970, the Canterbury tion. The Board formall. adopted the Museum Trust Board plan to erect project in February 1965. . a ubstantial Commemorative Wing, to incorporate a National Antarctic The chief point the Board i he Centre comprising: to convey to potential benefacto is that the Antarctic Centre propo als 1. A large displa hall for a per­ are firm and will be achieved. Be­ manent di play on Antarctic ex­ cause of inteljm storage problems it ploration (particularly the Scott­ is pr ferred, in general, that poten- Amundsen-Shackleton period, but tial benefactor tate hat the with rom for large exhibit of might ish to donate and hold their the mechanised pha e) and also gift until the Mu eum i able to atural Hi tory (Zoolog, Geo­ r c i e th ffi. Write to Dr. . log ,Ph iograph, Met orolog , Duff, Director, Canterbur Mu urn, tc.). Chri tchurch. to.ISO·W. AUSTRALIA I Winter and Summ,r bues Scott I{{//lie. Summer ba.se enly .. .., T Hall eit 'ON NEW ZEALAND 1r4n'ferred ba.se Willc.es U.S.toAust tJ li",porarily nen -epera.tienaJ .....'SyOW.l.

.• Marion I. (J. )

.t.M.S.li' he New Zealand AntarctIc ociety is a group of New Zealanders and others, many of whom have een Antarctica for themselves, and all of whom are vitally interested in ome phase of Antarctic exploration, development, or research. You are invited to become a member. South Island residents should contact the Canterbury secretary, North Islanders should contact the Wellington secretary, and overseas residents the secretary of the New Zealand Society. For addresses see below. The membership fee includes subscription to 11 Antarctic".

New Zealand Secretary Mr. V. E. Donnelly, P.O. Box 2110, Wellington.

Branch Secretaries Wellington: Mr. W. Prebble, p.a. Box 2110, Wellington. Canterbury: Mrs. E. F. Cross, 34 Clissold St., Christchurch 1.

A TARCT C" is published quarterly in March, June, September, and December. Subscription for non-members of the Antarctic Society, £1 Ss. Apply to the Secretary, ew Zeal~nd Antarctic Society, p.a. Box 2110, Wellington, ew Zealand.

OUT OF PRINT Volume 1, numbJrs 1 and 9; Volume 2, numbers 1,3,4,7,8,9; Volume 3, numbers 5, 7. are OUT OF PRINT. Some others are in very short supply. Copies of available issues may be obtained from the Secretary of the Society, p.a. Box 2110, Wellington, at a cost of 5/- per copy meanwhile. Indexes for volumes 1, 2 and 3 are also available, 3/- each. Copies of our predecessor, the Antarctic News Bulletin, are available at 5/- per copy, except for numbers 9 and 10. The copies of numbers 1,2,3,4,7, 11, 17 and 18 are authorised reprints. UNIVERSAL PRINTERS LTD.. 22-26 BLAIR STREET. WELLINGTON