ARTICLE

Supplemental Information

SUPPLEMENTAL TABLE 6 Composite Outcome and Secondary Outcomes in Triplets and Matched Controls Only Including Complete Set of Triplets Tripletsa, N = 3828 Controls, Unadjusted OR (95% CI) Adjusted ORb (95% CI) Adjusted ORc (95% CI) N = 11 424 Composite outcomed, n (%) 824 (23.5) 2551 (24.8) 0.93 (0.83–1.05) 0.83 (0.73–0.94) 0.83 (0.72–0.94) Mortality before discharge, n (%) 212 (5.5) 681 (5.9) 0.93 (0.76–1.14) 0.76 (0.61–0.95) 0.81 (0.65–1.01) Severe neurologic injury, n (%) 222 (6.4) 683 (6.7) 0.95 (0.79–1.15) 0.92 (0.75–1.12) 1.01 (0.82–1.23) Treated ROP, n (%) 111 (2.9) 340 (3.0) 0.98 (0.75–1.29) 0.87 (0.65–1.16) 0.86 (0.64–1.16) BPD, n (%) 465 (13.0) 1431 (13.4) 0.97 (0.84–1.12) 0.87 (0.75–1.01) 0.88 (0.74–1.03) N, number in group; n, number in category. a Complete sets of triplets only. b Adjusted for maternal hypertension and birth wt z score. c Adjusted for maternal hypertension, cesarean birth, antenatal steroid administration, and birth wt z score. d Composite outcome was defined as mortality or severe neurologic injury, treated ROP, or BPD.

SUPPLEMENTAL TABLE 7 Primary Composite and Secondary Outcomes in Triplets and Singletons Born at 240 to 286 Weeks’ Gestational Age Outcomes Triplets, N = 1648a Singletons, Unadjusted OR (95% CI) Adjusted ORb (95% CI) Adjusted ORc (95% CI) N = 4944 Composite outcomed, n (%) 871 (54.4) 2468 (51.6) 1.12 (0.98–1.29) 1.00 (0.86–1.16) 1.13 (0.97–1.33) Mortality before discharge, n (%) 265 (16.1) 738 (14.9) 1.09 (0.90–1.33) 0.91 (0.74–1.13) 1.16 (0.92–1.46) Severe neurologic injury, n (%) 223 (14.3) 634 (13.5) 1.07 (0.88–1.29) 1.01 (0.83–1.24) 1.13 (0.91–1.41) Treated ROP, n (%) 138 (8.4) 381 (7.7) 1.10 (0.86–1.39) 0.99 (0.77–1.28) 0.97 (0.74–1.26) BPD, n (%) 488 (35.5) 1411 (33.7) 1.08 (0.93–1.26) 0.99 (0.83–1.16) 1.07 (0.89–1.28) a These triplets come from 726 pregnancies. b Adjusted for maternal hypertension and birth wt z score. c Adjusted for maternal hypertension, cesarean birth, antenatal steroid administration, and birth wt z score. d Composite outcome was defined as mortality or severe neurologic injury, treated ROP, or BPD.

SUPPLEMENTAL TABLE 8 Composite Outcome of Triplets Compared With Singletons in Individual Countries Network Triplet Neonates, Singleton Neonates, Unadjusted OR (95% CI) Adjusted ORa (95% CI) Adjusted ORb (95% CI) N = 6079, n (%) N = 18 232, n (%) ANZNN 154 (22.5) 473 (24.3) 0.90 (0.73–1.11) 0.92 (0.71–1.18) 0.95 (0.73–1.24) CNN 187 (22.4) 565 (23.5) 0.94 (0.78–1.14) 0.98 (0.77–1.24) 1.04 (0.80–1.36) FinMBR 24 (24.7) 64 (22.1) 1.16 (0.68–1.99) 1.26 (0.61–2.59) 1.39 (0.66–2.93) INN 115 (21.7) 333 (21.2) 1.03 (0.81–1.31) 0.94 (0.69–1.29) 1.05 (0.76–1.46) NRNJ 180 (20.4) 551 (20.8) 0.98 (0.81–1.18) 0.89 (0.70–1.13) 0.84 (0.65–1.09) SEN1500 198 (25.7) 598 (26.0) 0.98 (0.82–1.19) 0.93 (0.72–1.20) 1.11 (0.84–1.46) SNQ 30 (24.8) 90 (26.2) 0.93 (0.57–1.49) 0.79 (0.43–1.46) 0.89 (0.46–1.73) SwissNeoNet 41 (18.2) 135 (19.9) 0.90 (0.61–1.33) 0.92 (0.55–1.53) 1.02 (0.59–1.76) Tuscan NN 36 (30.0) 88 (24.4) 1.32 (0.84–2.10) 1.19 (0.67–2.11) 1.83 (0.98–3.41) UKNC 340 (24.7) 1017 (24.7) 1.00 (0.87–1.16) 0.92 (0.76–1.10) 1.03 (0.83–1.27) N, number in group; n, number in category. a Adjusted for maternal hypertension and birth wt z score. b Adjusted for maternal hypertension, cesarean birth, antenatal steroid administration, and birth wt z score.

THE FOLLOWING INEO INVESTIGATORS ARE NONAUTHOR Waal (executive committee member); CONTRIBUTORS Peter Marshall; Gold Coast University , Queensland: Peter Schmidt; King Edward Memorial and Princess Gosford District Hospital, New South Margaret , Western ANZNN: Wales: Adam Buckmaster (executive Australia: Karen Simmer, Andy Gill ’ Ross Haslam, Chair of the committee member); John Hunter (executive committee member), and Executive Committee; Flinders Children s Hospital, New South Jane Pillow (executive committee Medical Centre, South Australia: Wales: Paul Craven and Koert de member); Liverpool Hospital, New Volume 142, number 6, December 2018 1 ’ South Wales: Jacqueline Stack; Mater New Zealand: Adrienne Lynn and Nwaesei, MD, Windsor Regional Mothers Hospital, Queensland: Brian Darlow; Dunedin Hospital, Hospital, Windsor, Ontario; Kyong- Lucy Cooke; Mercy Hospital for New Zealand: Roland Broadbent Soon Lee, MD, MSc, Hospital for Sick Women, Victoria: Dan Casalaz and (executive committee member); Children, Toronto, Ontario; Michael Dunn, MD, Sunnybrook Health Jim Holberton (executive committee Middlemore Hospital, New Zealand: ’ member); Monash Medical Centre, Lindsay Mildenhall; Auckland City Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario; Victoria: Charles Barfield; Nepean Hospital, New Zealand: Mariam Brigitte Lemyre, MD, Children s Hospital, New South Wales: Lyn Buksh and Malcolm Battin; North Hospital of Eastern Ontario and Downe and Vijay Shingde; Newborn Shore and Waitakere Hospitals, Ottawa General Hospital, Ottawa, Emergency Transport Service, New Zealand: Jutta van den Boom Ontario; Kimberly Dow, MD, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario; Victoria: Michael Stewart; New South (executive committee member); é é Ermelinda Pelausa, MD, Jewish Wales Pregnancy and Newborn Waikato Hospital, New Zealand: ô David Bourchier and Lee Carpenter General Hospital, Montr al, Qu bec; Services Network, New South Wales: ’ é é Barbara Bajuk (executive committee (executive committee member); Keith Barrington, MBChB, H pital Wellington Women s Hospital, New Sainte-Justine, Montr al, Qu bec; member); New South Wales ’ ’ Christine Drolet, MD, and Bruno Newborn and Paediatric Emergency Zealand: Vaughan Richardson; and é ’ Piedboeuf, MD, Centre Hospitalier Transport Service, New South Wales: KK Women s and Children s Hospital, é Andrew Berry; Royal Children s Singapore: Victor Samuel Rajadurai Universitaire de Qu bec, Sainte Hospital, Victoria: Rod Hunt; Royal CNN:(executive committee member). Foy Qu bec; Martine Claveau, MSc, LLM, NNP, and Marc Beltempo, Darwin Hospital, Northern Territory: é é Prakesh S. Shah, MD, MSc Charles Kilburn; Royal Hobart MD, McGill University Health (Director of the CNN and site Centre, Montr al, Qu bec; Valerie Hospital, Tasmania: Tony De Paoli; investigator), Mount Sinai Hospital, Bertelle, MD, and Edith Masse, MD, Royal Hospital for Women, New é Toronto, Ontario; Adele Harrison, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de South Wales: Kei Lui (executive MD, MBChB, Victoria General Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qu bec; committee member); Royal North Hospital, Victoria, British Columbia; Roderick Canning, MD, Moncton Shore Hospital, New South Wales: Anne Synnes, MDCM, MHSC, and Hospital, Moncton, New Brunswick; Mary Paradisis; Royal Prince Alfred ’ Joseph Ting, MD, British Columbia Hala Makary, MD, Dr Everett Hospital, New South Wales: Ingrid Women s Hospital and Health Chalmers Hospital, Fredericton, Rieger and Shelley Reid (executive ’ Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia; New Brunswick; Cecil Ojah, MBBS, committee member); Royal Brisbane Zenon Cieslak, MD, Royal Columbian and Luis Monterrosa, MD, Saint John and Women s Hospital, Queensland: ’ Hospital, New Westminster, British Regional Hospital, Saint John, New David Cartwright and Pieter Koorts; ’ Columbia; Rebecca Sherlock, MD, Brunswick; Akhil Deshpandey, MBBS, Royal Women s Hospital, Victoria: ’ ’ Surrey Memorial Hospital, Surrey, MRCPI, Janeway Children s Health Carl Kuschel and Lex Doyle; Sydney British Columbia; Wendy Yee, MD, and Rehabilitation Centre, St John s, Children s Hospital, New South Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Newfoundland; Jehier Afifi, MBBCh, Wales: Andrew Numa; The Canberra ’ Alberta; Khalid Aziz, MBBS, MA, MSc, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Hospital, Australian Capital Territory: MEd, and Jennifer Toye, MD, Royal Nova Scotia; Andrzej Kajetanowicz, Hazel Carlisle; The Children s Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, ’ MD, Cape Breton Regional Hospital, Hospital at Westmead, New South Alberta; Carlos Fajardo, MD, Alberta Sydney, Nova Scotia; and Shoo K. Lee, Wales: Nadia Badawi and Robert Children s Hospital, Calgary, Alberta; MBBS, PhD (Chairman, CNN), Mount Halliday; The Townsville Hospital, Zarin Kalapesi, MD, Regina General SinaiFinMBR: Hospital, Toronto, Ontario. Queensland: Guan Koh (executive Hospital, Regina, Saskatchewan; Sture Andersson, MD, committee member); Western Koravangattu Sankaran, MD, MBBS, Helsinki University Hospital, Australia Neonatal Transport and Sibasis Daspal, MD, Royal Helsinki; Liisa Lehtonen, MD, Turku Service, Western Australia: Steven University Hospital, Saskatoon, University Hospital, Turku; Outi Resnick; Westmead Hospital, Saskatchewan; Mary Seshia, MBChB, ’ ’ Tammela, MD, Tampere University New South Wales: Melissa Luig; Winnipeg Health Sciences Centre, Hospital, Tampere; Ulla Sankilampi, Women s and Children s Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba; Ruben Alvaro, MD, Kuopio University Hospital, South Australia: Chad Andersen; MD, St Boniface General Hospital, Kuopio; and Timo Saarela, MD, Oulu National Perinatal Epidemiology and Winnipeg, Manitoba; Amit Mukerji, UniversityINN: Hospital, Oulu. Statistics Unit, University of New MD, Hamilton Health Sciences Centre, South Wales: Georgina Chambers Hamilton, Ontario; Orlando Da Silva, Eli Heymann, MD, Assaf ’ (executive committee member); MD, MSc, London Health Sciences Harofeh Medical Center, Tzrifin; Christchurch Women s Hospital, Centre, London, Ontario; Chuks Shmuel Zangen, MD, Barzilai Medical 2 ARTICLE

Center, ; Tatyana Smolkin, Central Hospital, Aomori, Aomori; Kyoto; Masahiko Kawai, MD, Kyoto MD, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Toru Huchimukai, MD, Iwate University, Kyoto, Kyoto; Noriko Poriya; Francis Mimouni, MD, Prefecture Ofunato Hospital, Fujii, MD, Fukuchiyama City Hospital, , ; Ofunato, Iwate; Hiroshi Yoshida, Fukuchiyama, Kyoto; Kozue Shiomi, David Bader, MD, Bnai Zion Medical MD, Tsuruoka City Shonai Hospital, MD, Kyoto City Hospital, Kyoto, Center, ; Avi Rothschild, MD, Tsuruoka, Yamagata; Ayako Sasaki, Kyoto; Koji Nozaki, MD, Mitubishi Carmel Medical Center, Haifa; Zipora MD, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Kyoto Hospital, Kyoto, Kyoto; Hiroshi Strauss, MD, Chaim Sheba Medical Yamagata; Junichi Shimizu, MD, Wada, MD, Yodogawa Christian Center, ; Clari Felszer, Tsuchiura Kyodo Hospital, Tsuchiura, Hospital, Osaka, Osaka; Taho Kim, MD, Emek Medical Center, ; Ibaraki; Toshihiko Nakamura, MD, MD, Osaka City Sumiyoshi Hospital, Hussam Omari, MD, French Saint National Nishisaitama Central Osaka, Osaka; Yasuyuki Tokunaga, Vincent de Paul Hospital, ; Hospital, Tokorozawa, Saitama; MD, Toyonaka City Hospital, Smadar Even Tov-Friedman, MD, Mami Maruyama, MD, Jichi Medical Toyonaka, Osaka; Akihiro Takatera, Hadassah University Hospital- University Saitame Medical Center, MD, Chifune Hospital, Osaka, Osaka; Ein Karem, Jerusalem; Benjamin Omiya, Saitama; Hiroshi Matsumoto, Toshio Oshima, MD, Bell Land Bar-Oz, MD, Hadassah University MD, Asahi Central Hospital, Asahi, General Hospital, Sakai, Osaka; Hospital-Har Hazofim, Jerusalem; Chiba; Shinichi Hosokawa, MD, Hiroshi Sumida, MD, Rinku General Michael Feldman, MD, Hillel Yaffe National International Medical Hospital, Izumisano, Osaka; Yae Medical Center, ; Nizar Saad, Center, Shinjuku, Tokyo; Atsuko Michinomae, MD, Yao City Hospital, MD, Holy Family (Italian) Hospital, Taki, MD, Tokyo Medical and Yao, Osaka; Yoshio Kusumoto, MD, Nazareth; Orna Flidel-Rimon, MD, Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo; Osaka General Medical Center, ’ , ; Meir Machiko Nakagawa, MD, Saint Osaka, Osaka; Seiji Yoshimoto, MD, Weisbrod, MD, , Luku Hospital, Chuo, Tokyo; Kobe Children s Hospital, Kobe, ; Daniel Lubin, MD, Mayanei Kyone Ko, MD, Sanikukai Hospital, Hyogo; Takeshi Morisawa, MD, Hayeshua Medical Center, Bnei Sumida, Tokyo; Azusa Uozumi, MD, Kakogawa City Hospital, Kakogawa, Brak; Ita Litmanovitz, MD, Meir Odawara City Hospital, Odawara, Hyogo; Tamaki Ohashi, MD, Hyogo Medical Center, ; Amir Kanagawa; Setsuko Nakata, MD, Prefectural Awaji Hospital, Sumoto, Kugelman, MD, Rambam Medical Iida City Hospital, Iida, Nagano; Hyogo; Yukihiro Takahashi, MD, Center; Eric Shinwell, MD, Rivka Ziv ’ Akira Shimazaki, MD, National Nara Prefecture Medical University, Medical Center, ; Gil Klinger, Shinshu Ueda Medical Center, Ueda, Kashiwara, Nara; Moriharu Sugimoto, MD, Schneider Children s Medical Nagano; Tatsuya Yoda, MD, Saku MD, Tsuyama Central Hospital, Center of , Rabin Medical General Hospital, Saku, Nagano; Tsuyama, Okayama; Noriaki Ono, MD, Center (Beilinson Campus), Petah Osamu Numata, MD, Nagaoka Red Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Tikva; Yousif Nijim, MD, Scottish Cross Hospital, Nagaoka, Niigata; Hiroshima; Shinichiro Miyagawa, (EMMS) Hospital, Nazareth; Alona MD, National Kure Medical Center, Bin-Nun, MD, Shaare-Zedek Medical Hiroaki Imamura, MD, Koseiren Center, Jerusalem; Agneta Golan, MD, Takaoka Hospital, Takaoka, Toyama; Kure, Hiroshima; Takahiko Saijo, MD, , ; Azusa Kobayashi, MD, Kanazawa Tokushima University, Tokushima, Dror Mandel, MD, Sourasky Medical Medical University, Kanazawa, Tokushima; Takashi Yamagami, MD, Center, ; Vered Fleisher- Kanazawa; Shuko Tokuriki, MD, Tokushima City Hospital, Tokushima, Sheffer, MD, Western Medical Fukui University, Fukui, Fukui; Tokushima; Kosuke Koyano, MD, Center, ; David Kohelet, MD, Yasushi Uchida, MD, National Kagawa University, Kida, Kagawa; , ; and Nagara Medical Center, Nagara, Shoko Kobayashi, MD, Shikoku Lev Bakhrakh, MD, Yoseftal Hospital, Gifu; Takahiro Arai, MD, Takayama Medical Center for Children and Red Cross Hospital, Takayama, Adults, Zentsuji, Kagawa; Takeshi NRNJ:. Gifu; Mitsuhiro Ito, MD, Fujieda City Kanda, MD, National Kyushu Medical Satoshi Hattori, MD, Sapporo Hospital, Fujieda, Shizuoka; Kuniko Center, Fukuoka, Fukuoka; Yoshihiro City Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido; Ieda, MD, Koritsu Tosei Hospital, Sakemi, MD, National Kokura Medical Masaru Shirai, MD, Asahikawa Kosei Toyota, Aichi; Toshiyuki Ono, MD, Center, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka; Mikio Hospital, Asahikawa, Hokkaido; Toru Komaki City Hospital, Komaki, Aichi; Aoki, MD, National Nagasaki Medical Ishioka, MD, Engaru Kosei Hospital, Masashi Hayashi, MD, Okazaki City Center, Nagasaki, Nagasaki; Koichi Engaru, Hokkaido; Toshihiko Mori, Hospital, Okazaki, Aichi; Kanemasa Iida, MD, Oita Prefectural Hospital, MD, NTT East Sapporo Hospital, Maki, MD, Yokkaichi City Hospital, Oita, Oita; Mitsushi Goshi, MD, Sapporo, Hokkaido; Takasuke Yokkaichi; MieToru Yamakawa, Nakatsu City Hospital, Nakatsu, Oita; Amizuka, MD, Aomori Prefecture MD, Japan Baptist Hospital, Kyoto, and Yuko Maruyama, MD, Imakyure PEDIATRICS Volume 142, number 6, December 2018 3 í í í á General Hospital, Kagoshima, Joaqu n Ortiz Tard o, MD, Hospital Madrid; Isabel Llana Mart n, MD, á Kagoshima. Jerez, C diz; Isabel Benavente, MD, Hospital Madrid-Torrelodones, SEN1500: á ñ á and Almudena Alonso, MD, Hospital Madrid; Carmen Gonz lez Armengod, é ó Alejandro Avila-Alvarez, Universitario Puerta Del Mar, C diz; MD, and Carmen Mu oz Labi n, ó ó MD, and Jos Luis Fernandez- Ram n Aguilera Olmos, MD, Hospital MD, Hospital Universitario Puerta ñ í ª é ñ Trisac, MD, Complexo Hospitalario General de Castell n, Castell n; De Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid; ñ ª ª í é é Universitario De A Coru a, A í é á Miguel A. Garc a Cabezas, MD, and M Jos Santos Mu oz, MD, Hospital Coru a; M Luz Couce Pico, MD, and M Dolores Mart nez Jim nez, MD, Severo Ochoa, Legan s, Madrid; í ª é Mar a Jos Fern ndez Seara, MD, Hospital General Universitario Dorotea Blanco Bravo, MD, and ª ñó ª Hospital Cl nico Universitario de de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real; M Vicente P rez, MD, Hospital Gregorio é í é ñ í á í á Santiago, Santiago de Compostela; Pilar Jaraba Caballero, MD, and M Mara n, Madrid; M Dolores Elorza Andr s Mart nez Guti rrez, MD, í ó í Dolores Ordo ez D az, MD, Hospital Fern ndez, MD, Celia D az Gonz lez, Complejo Hospitalario Albacete, Universitario Reina Sof a, C rdoba; MD, and Susana Ares Segura, MD, ó í Albacete; Carolina Vizca no, MD, Alberto Trujillo Fagundo, MD, and Hospital Universitario La Paz, ó Hospital General Universitario de Lluis Mayol Canals, MD, Hospital Madrid; Manuela L pez Azor n, MD, á í í ñ é Elche, Alicante; Miriam Salvador Universitari de Girona Dr Josep Hospital Universitario Quir nsalud í ó Iglesias, MD, and Honorio S nchez Trueta, Girona; Ferm n Garc a-Mu oz Madrid, Madrid; Ana Bel n Jimenez Zaplana, MD, Hospital General í é í á é á Rodrigo, MD, and Lourdes Urqu a MD, Hospital Universitario Fundaci n Universitario de Alicante, Alicante; á í é í ó Mart , MD, Complejo Hospitalario Jim nez D az, Madrid; Tom s Bel n Fern ndez Colomer, MD, and Universitario Insular Materno- S nchez-Tamayo, MD, and El as í á í á Jos Enrique Garc a L pez, MD, Infantil, Las Palmas, Gran Canaria; Tapia Moreno, MD, Hospital Carlos Hospital Universitario Central de é é á í Mar a Fernanda Moreno Galdo, Haya, M laga; Mar a Gonz lez, Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias; Rafael í á í MD, and Jos Antonio Hurtado MD, and Jos Enrique S nchez Garc a Mozo, MD, and M. Teresa á á ñ ó Suazo, MD, Hospital Universitario Mart nez, MD, Hospital Parque Gonz lez Mart nez, MD, Hospital ó é é í í ª á Virgen De Las Nieves, Granada; San Antonio De M laga, M laga; Universitario de Cabue es, Gij n, á Eduardo Narbona L pez, and Jos Jos Mar a Lloreda Garc a, MD, Asturias; M Dolores Muro Sebasti n, ó í á Uberos Fern ndez, MD, Hospital Hospital Universitario Santa Lucia MD, and Marta Balart Carbonell, MD, ñ ò Universitario San Cecilio, Granada; De Cartagena, Murcia; Concepci n Cl nica Corach n, Barcelona; Joan ò Miguel A. Cortajarena Altuna, MD, Go i Orayen, MD, Hospital Virgen Badia Barnusell, MD, and M nica á í and Oihana Muga Zuriarrain Hospital, Del Camino De Pamplona, Pamplona, Domingo Puiggr s, MD, Corporacio ó MD, Donostia, Gipuzkoa; David Mora Navarra; Javier Vilas Gonz lez, MD, Parc Taul , Sabadell, Barcelona; Josep é í í á í Navarro, MD, Hospital Juan Ram n Complexo Hospitalario Pontevedra, Figueras Aloy, MD, and Francesc í á Jim nez, Huelva; Mar a Teresa Pontevedra; Mar a Su rez Albo, MD, Botet Mussons, MD, Hospital Cl nic ª Dom nguez, MD, Hospital Costa De and Eva Gonz lez Colmenero, MD, de Barcelona, Barcelona; Israel é í é á La Luz, Huelva; M Yolanda Ruiz del Hospital Xeral De Vigo, Pontevedra; Anquela Sanz, MD, Hospitalario ñ Prado, MD, and In s Esteban D ez, Elena Pilar Guti rrez Gonz lez, MD, De Granollers, Granollers; Gemma í MD, Hospital San Pedro, Logro o, La and Beatriz Vacas del Arco, MD, Ginovart Galiana, MD, H. De La ñ á Rioja; Mar a Teresa Palau Benavides, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona; W. ó ó á Coroleu, MD, Hospital Universitari MD, and Santiago Lape a, MD, Salamanca; Josefina M rquez Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona; Hospital de Le n, Le n; Teresa Prada, Fern ndez, MD, and Laura Acosta é ó Martin Iriondo, MD, Hospital Sant MD, Hospital del Bierzo, Ponferrada, Gordillo, MD, Hospital Valme, Sevilla; Le n; Eduard Soler Mir, MD, Hospital Mercedes Granero Asensio, MD, Joan de D u Barcelona, Esplugues de á í í Llobregat, Barcelona; Laura Castells Arnau De Vilanova, Lleida; Araceli Hospital Virgen De La Macarena, ñ á Corredera S nchez, MD, Enrique Sevilla; Carmen Mac as D az, MD, Vilella, MD, Hospital General de á í ú Criado Vega, MD, N yade del Prado, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Catalu a, Barcelona; Roser Porta, í MD, Institute Dexeus, Barcelona; MD, and Cristina Fern ndez, MD, Roc o, Sevilla; Mar Alb jar, MD, í í Hospital Cl nico San Carlos, Madrid; Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Xavier Demestre, MD, and Silvia é Mart nez Nadal, MD, Scias-Hospital Luc a Cabanillas Vilaplana, MD, and Joan XXIII, Tarragona; Pedro Fuster í ó Irene Cuadrado P rez, MD, Hospital Jorge, MD, Hospital Universitario De Barcelona, Barcelona; Cristina ó ó de Frutos Mart nez, MD, Hospital Universitario De Getafe, Madrid; Canarias, San Crist bal de La Laguna, í ú ó ó Universitario de Burgos, Burgos; Luisa L pez G mez, MD, Hospital De Santa Cruz de Tenerife; Sabina á á Mar a Jes s L pez Cuesta, MD, H. La Zarzuela, Madrid; Laura Domingo Romero, MD, and M nica Rivero ñ San Pedro de Alc ntara, C ceres; Comeche, MD, Hospital Universitario Falero, MD, Hospital Universitario Dolores Esquivel Mora, MD, and de Fuenlabrada, Fuenlabrada, Nuestra Se ora De Candelaria, Santa 4 ARTICLE

é å ’ ö Cruz de Tenerife; Ana Bel n Escobar Kristbjorg Sveinsdottir, MD, Sk nes MD, University Children s Hospital, ñ Universitetssjukhus, Malm -Lund; Zurich.Tuscan NN: Izquierdo, Hospital Virgen De La ö Salud, Toledo; Javier Esta Capell, Erik Wejryd, MD, Vrinnevisjukhuset, ª å å Carlo Dani, MD, Careggi MD, Hospital Clinico Universitario Norrk ping; Anna Hedlund, MD, á ö University Hospital, Florence, Italy; De Valencia, Valencia; M Isabel Skellefte Lasarett, Skellefte ; ’ ª ä ö Patrizio Fiorini, MD, Anna Meyer Izquierdo Maci n, MD, Hospital Maria Katarina S derberg, MD, Children s University Hospital, Universitari La Fe, Valencia; M Mar K rnsjukhuset Skaraborg, Sk vde; Florence, Italy; Antonio Boldrini, Montejo Vicente, MD, and Raquel Boubou Hallberg, MD, Karolinska í ö MD, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Izquierdo Caballero, MD, Hospital Sjukhuset, Stockholm; Thomas Brune, ª í ä ö ä Italy; and Barbara Tomasini, MD, Universitario R o Hortega, Valladolid; MD, S dersjuhuset, Stockholm; University Hospital of Siena, Siena, M Mercedes Mart nez, MD, and Jens B ckstr m, MD, L nssjukhuset, Ä ä Italy.UKNC: Aintzane Euba, MD, Hospital de Sundsvall; Johan Robinson, MD, í í ä Txagorritxu, Vitoria-Gasteiz; Amaya Norra lvsborgs L nssjukhus, Anita Mittal, MBChB, Bedford ó å Rodr guez Serna, MD, and Juan Mar a Trollh ttan; Aijaz Farooqi, MD, Hospital, Bedford, Bedfordshire; é L pez de Heredia Goya, MD, Hospital Norrlands Universitetssjukhus, Ume ; Jonathan Kefas, MBChB, Lister é de Cruces, Baracaldo; Alberto P rez Erik Normann, MD, Akademiska Hospital, Stevenage, Hertfordshire; ó Legorburu, MD, and Ana Guti rrez Barnsjukhuset, Uppsala; Magnus Anand Kamalanathan, MBChB, í ä Amor s, MD, Hospital Universitario Fredriksson, MD, Visby Lasarett, Arrowe Park Hospital, Wirral, á ä de Basurto, Bilbao; V ctor Manuel Visby; Anders Palm, MD, V sterviks Merseyside; Jayachandran, MBChB, á á ä å Leighton Hospital, Crewe, Cheshire; Marug n Isabel, MD, and Natalio Sjukhus, V stervik; Urban Rosenqvist, ’ MD, Centrallasarettet, V ster s; Bill Yoxall, MBChB, Liverpool Hern ndez Gonz lez, MD, Hospital ä ö Virgen De La Concha - Complejo Bengt Walde, MD, Centrallasarettet, Women s Hospital, Liverpool, Asistencial De Zamora, Zamora; V xj ; Cecilia Hagman, MD, Merseyside; Tim McBride, MBChB, ª Ö Segundo Rite Gracia, MD, Hospital Lasarettet, Ystad; Andreas Ohlin, MD, Ormskirk District General Hospital, ó ª Ö ö Universitetssjukhuset, rebro; Rein Ormskirk, Lancashire; Delyth Webb, Miguel Servet, Zaragoza; and M Ö ö Purificaci n Ventura Faci, MD, and M Florell, MD, rnsk ldsviks Sjukhus, MBChB, Warrington Hospital, í ö Ö rnsk ldsvik; and Agneta Smedsaas- Warrington, Cheshire; Ross Garr, Pilar Samper Villagrasa, MD, Hospital Ö Cl nico Universitario Lozano Blesa, L fvenberg, MD, stersunds Sjukhus, MBChB, Whiston Hospital, Prescot, Merseyside; Ahmed Hassan, MBChB, SNQ:Zaragoza. ö SwissNeoNet:stersund. Broomfield Hospital, Chelmsford, Ä å Jiri Kofron, MD, S dra Philipp Meyer, MD, Essex; Priyadarshan Ambadkar, ä ’ lvsborgs Sjukhus, Bor s; Katarina and Claudia Anderegg, MD, Cantonal MBChB, James Paget Hospital, Hospital, Children s Clinic, Aarau; Gorleston, Norfolk; Mark Dyke, Strand Brodd, MD, M larsjukhuset, ’ Eskilstuna; Andreas Odlind, MD, Sven Schulzke, MD, University MBChB, Norfolk and Norwich ä ä Falu Lasarett, Falun; Lars Alberg, Children s Hospital, Basel; Mathias University Hospital, Norwich, ä MD, G llivare Sjukhus, G llivare; Nelle, MD, University Hospital, Berne; Norfolk; Katharine McDevitt, ä ö Sofia Arwehed, MD, G vle Sjukhus, Bendicht Wagner, MD, University MBChB, Peterborough City Hospital, Ö ö ’ G vle; Ola Hafstr m, MD, Sahlgrenska Hospital, Berne; Thomas Riedel, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire; ä é ’ University, stra, G teborg; Anna MD, Children s Hospital, Chur; Glynis Rewitzky, MBChB, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, King s Lynn, Kasemo, MD, L nssjukhuset, Gr goire Kaczala, MD, Cantonal ’ Halmstad; Karin Nederman, MD, Hospital, Fribourg; Riccardo E. Birmingham, West Midlands; Angela Å ç Helsingborgs Lasarett, Helsingborg; Pfister, MD, University Hospital, D Amore, MBChB, Rosie Maternity Lars hman, MD, Hudiksvalls Geneva; Jean-Fran ois Tolsa, MD, Hospital, Addenbrookes, Cambridge, ä Sjukhus, Hudiksvall; Fredrik and Matthias Roth, MD, University Cambridgeshire; Nagesh Panasa, ö ö ’ Ingemarsson, MD, L nssjukhuset Hospital, Lausanne; Martin Stocker, MBChB, North Manchester General ä Ryhov, J nk ping; Henrik Petersson, MD, Children s Hospital, Lucerne; Hospital, Manchester, Greater MD, L nssjukhuset, Kalmar; Pernilla Bernhard Laubscher, MD, Cantonal Manchester; Paul Settle, MBChB, Thurn, MD, Blekingesjukhuset, Hospital, Neuchatel; Andreas Royal Bolton Hospital, Bolton, Malzacher, MD, Cantonal Hospital, Lancashire; Natasha Maddock, Karlskrona; Eva Albinsson, MD, ’ MBChB, Royal Oldham Hospital, Centralsjukhuset, Karlstad; Bo St Gallen; John P. Micallef, MD, ’ Selander, MD, Centralsjukhuset, Children s Hospital, St Gallen; Manchester, Greater Manchester; Kristianstad; Thomas Abrahamsson, Lukas Hegi, MD, Cantonal Hospital, Ngozi Edi-Osagie, MBChB, St Mary s ö MD, Universitetssjukhuset, Winterthur; Dirk Bassler, MD, and Hospital, Manchester, Greater å Link ping; Ingela Heimdahl, Romaine Arlettaz, MD, University Manchester; Christos Zipitis, MBChB, MD, Sunderby sjukhus, Lule ; Hospital, Zurich; and Vera Bernet, The Robert Albert Edward Infirmary, PEDIATRICS Volume 142, number 6, December 2018 5 Wrightington, Greater Manchester; Kuna, MBChB, University Hospital Hospital, Plymouth, Devon; Michael Carrie Heal, MBChB, Stepping Hill Lewisham, Lewisham, London; John Selter, MBChB, North Devon District Hospital, Stockport, Cheshire; Chang, MBChB, Croydon University Hospital, Barnstaple, Devon; Paul Jacqeline Birch, MBChB, Tameside Hospital, Croydon, Surrey; Vinay Munyard, MBChB, Royal Cornwall General Hospital, Ashton-under-Lyne, Pai, MBChB, Kingston Hospital, Hospital, Truro, Cornwall; David ’ Lancashire; Abdul Hasib, MBChB, Kingston, London; Charlotte Huddy, Bartle, MBChB, Royal Devon and Darent Valley Hospital, Dartford, MBChB, St George s Hospital, Exeter Hospital, Exeter, Devon; Kent; Aung Soe, MBChB, Medway Wandsworth, London; Salim Yasin, Siba Paul, MBChB, Torbay Hospital, Maritime Hospital, Gillingham, MBChB, St Helier Hospital, Merton, Torquay, Devon; Graham Whincup, Kent; Niraj Kumar, MBChB, Queen London; Richard Nicholl, MBChB, MBChB, Conquest Hospital, St Elizabeth The Queen Mother Northwick Park Hospital, Brent, Leonards-on-sea, East Sussex; Hospital, Margate, Kent; Hamudi London; Poornima Pandey, MBChB, Abdus Mallik, MBChB, Frimley Park Kisat, MBChB, Tunbridge Wells Kettering General Hospital, Kettering, Hospital, Frimley, Surrey; Philip Hospital, Tunbridge Wells, Kent; Northhamptonshire; Jonathan Amess, MBChB, Princess Royal Vimal Vasu, MBChB, William Harvey Cusack, MBChB, Leicester General Hospital, Telford, Shropshire; Charles Hospital, Ashford, Kent; Meera Hospital, Leicester, Leicestershire; Godden, MBChB, Royal Surrey County Lama, MBChB, Lancashire Women Venkatesh Kairamkonda, MBChB, Hospital, Guildford, Surrey; Philip and Newborn Centre, Burnley, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, Amess, MBChB, Royal Sussex County ’ ’ Lancashire; Richa Gupta, MBChB, Leicestershire; Dominic Muogbo, Hospital, Brighton, East Sussex; Peter Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, MBChB, Queen s Hospital, Burton On Reynolds, MBChB, St Peter s Hospital, Lancashire; Chris Rawlingson, Trent, Burton-on-Trent, Staffordshire; Chertsey, Surrey; Indranil Misra, MBChB, Victoria Hospital, Blackpool, Liza Harry, MBChB, Alexandra MBChB, Milton Keynes Foundation Blackpool, Lancashire; Tim Wickham, Hospital, Redditch, Worcestershire; Trust Hospital, Milton Keynes, MBChB, Barnet Hospital, Barnet, Phil Simmons, MBChB, Birmingham Buckinghamshire; Peter De Halpert, Hertfordshire; Marice Theron, Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, MBChB, Royal Berkshire Hospital, MBChB, The Royal Free Hospital, West Midlands; Julie Nycyk, MBChB, Reading, Berkshire; Sanjay Salgia, Hampstead, London; Giles Kendall, City Hospital, Birmingham, West MBChB, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, MBChB, University College Hospital, Midlands; Phil Simmons, MBChB, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire; Rekha Fitzrovia, London; Aashish Gupta, Good Hope Hospital, Birmingham, Sanghavi, MBChB, Wexham Park MBChB, Basildon Hospital, Basildon, West Midlands; Andrew Gallagher, Hospital, Slough, Berkshire; Ruth Essex; Narendra Aladangady, MBChB, Worcestershire Royal Wigfield, MBChB, Basingstoke MBChB, Homerton Hospital, Hospital, Worcester, Worcestershire; and North Hampshire Hospital, Hackney, London; Imdad Ali, Tilly Pillay, MBChB, New Cross Basingstoke, Hampshire; Abby MBChB, Newham General Hospital, Hospital, Wolverhampton, West Deketelaere, MBChB, Dorset County Newham, London; Lesley Alsford, Midlands; Sanjeev Deshpande, Hospital, Dorchester, Dorset; Minesh MBChB, North Middlesex University MBChB, Royal Shrewsbury Hospital, Khashu, MBChB, Poole Hospital ’ Hospital, Edmonton, London; Shrewsbury, Shropshire; Mahadevan, National Health Service Foundation Wilson Lopez, MBChB, Queen s MBChB, Russells Hall Hospital, Trust, Poole, Dorset; Michael Hall, Hospital, Romford, Essex; Vadivelam Dudley, West Midlands; Alison MBChB, Princess Anne Hospital, Murthy, MBChB, The Royal London Moore, MBChB, University Hospital Southampton, Hampshire; Charlotte Hospital, Whitechapel, London; of North Staffordshire, Hartshill, Groves, MBChB, Queen Alexandra Caroline Sullivan, MBChB, Whipps Staffordshire; Simon Clark, MBChB, Hospital, Portsmouth, Hampshire; Cross University Hospital, Whipps The Jessop Wing, Sheffield, South Nick Brown, MBChB, Salisbury ’ Cross, London; Mark Thomas, Yorkshire; Mehdi Garbash, MBChB, District Hospital, Salisbury, Wiltshire; MBChB, Chelsea and Westminster Darlington Memorial Hospital, Nick Brennan, MBChB, St Richard s Hospital, Chelsea, London; Tristan Darlington, County Durham; Hospital, Chichester, West Sussex; Bate, MBChB, Hillingdon Hospital, Mithilesh Lal, MBChB, James Cook Katia Vamvakiti, MBChB, Worthing ’ Hillingdon, London; Sunit Godambe, University Hospital, Middlesborough, Hospital, Worthing, West Sussex; MBChB, Queen Charlotte s Hospital, North Yorkshire; Majd Abu-Harb, John McIntyre, MBChB, Royal Derby ’ East Acton, London; Sunit Godambe, MBChB, Sunderland Royal Hospital, Hospital, Derby, Derbyshire; Simon MBChB, St Mary s Hospital, Sunderland, Tyne and Wear; Mehdi Pirie, MBChB, Gloucestershire ’ ’ Westminister, London; Timothy Garbash, MBChB, University Hospital Royal Hospital, Gloucester, Watts, MBChB, Guy s and St Thomas of North Durham, Durham, Durham; Glourcestershire; Stephen Jones, Hospital, Lambeth, London; Jauro Alex Allwood, MBChB, Derriford MBChB, Royal United Hospital, Avon, 6 ARTICLE

Somerset; Paul Mannix, MBChB, Schwarz, MBChB, Calderdale Royal Yorkshire; David Gibson, MBChB, Southmead Hospital, Westbury-on- Hospital, Halifax, West Yorkshire; Pinderfields General Hospital, ’ Trym, Bristol; Pamela Cairns, MBChB, David Gibson, MBChB, Pinderfields Wakefield, West Yorkshire; and St Michael s Hospital, Bristol, Bristol; General Hospital, Dewsbury, West Krishnamurthy, MBChB, Walsall Megan Eaton, MBChB, Yeovil District Yorkshire; Lawrence Miall, MBChB, Manor Hospital, Walsall, West Hospital, Yeovil, Somerset; Karin Leeds Neonatal Service, Leeds, Midlands.

PEDIATRICS Volume 142, number 6, December 2018 7