new outbreaks at crater lakes. new outbreaks in the Daintree. C. arabica Found near Kuranda, Cairns, Invasive along South Mossman River. Julatten, Speewah and other areas. WHA. Major weed in SE Queensland. area. Kuranda and Feluga/Tully and NT. established in Cape York areas of Queensland. April 2002. C. liberica WWW Ingham, Speewah. D1, U, WWW PII, WIWP Innisfail, Julatten. PII, WIWP WIWP WWW, sidered to be high priority environmental threats WH values. sclerophyll communities WWW and west to Mt Garnett. Townsville areas around Cairns. areas. River to the Daintree. from the Tully year Status ee, Vine Asian food plant 1959 Rainforest edges and disturbed Still confined to relatively restricted areas ee Central American ornamental 1992 Intact rainforest & edges eeee Central American rubber treeee Indian fruit tree 1994 Intact rainforest & edges Brazilian rubber tree 1967 Rainforest & edges 1984 Rainforest & riparian Confined to Cairns area. WIWP Recent outbreaks in the Bioregion. Found in Douglas Shire. Aquatic herb South American 1998 waterways Wetlands, D1, WONS Single infestation in Douglas Shire. Tr ShrubShrub, Vine American ornamental Tropical American, accidental arrival Tropical 1993 Rainforest edges, riparian, 2001 Rainforest edges, riparian D1, PII D1, WWW Infestations found from Mossman to Newly in Julatten. Vine American accidental invader Tropical 1998 Rainforest edges & disturbed areas D1,PII Herb Recently in Mission Beach, Aquatic herb South American ornamental & food Indian Mexican and West 2001Vine & waterways Wetlands 1996 Indian ornamental Riparian D1Grass Recently found in Cairns, Mulgrave River, 1987 Rainforest & riparian American ponded pasture Tropical 1990 Open wetlands and floodplains WIWP PII in Found in lower Russell River Valley D1, U Isolated infestations along coastal streams area, established in other Invader in Wondecla Tr VineShrub SE Asian & Indian ornamental 1987 American ornamental Tropical Rainforest edges and riparian 2002 Rainforest D1 Recent invader around Kuranda. Tr Tr Tr Shrub, Tree Ethiopian horticultural 1959 Rainforest & edges U, WIWP Herb, Shrub African ornamental 1998 Rainforest edges, riparian Miallo major outbreak, also Daintree, Shrub American ornamental Tropical 2002 Rainforest edges and disturbed . Small infestation discovered at Miallo in Grass African pasture grass Tropical 2000 Riparian, woodlands Widely Tropics. Recent invader in Wet Alternanthera Parmentiera aculeata Clidemia hirta Chromolaena odorata Mikania micranthra Ageratina riparia Limnocharis flava Thunbergia laurifolia Echinochloa polystachya Miconia calvescens Hiptage benghalensis Miconia racemosa Castilla elastica Flacourtia jangomas Manihot glaziovii Coffea arabica philoxeroides Brilliantaisia lamium Coffea liberica Phytolacca rivinoides Andropogon gayanus enezuelan Alligator weed Cucumber tree Koster’s curse Koster’s Siam weed Mikania vine Mist flower Limnocharis White trumpet Aleman grass Miconia Hiptage Miconia Panama rubber Indian plum Ceara rubber tree Coffee Common name Species Plant type Origins and usesMile a minute First EcosystemBrilliantaisia Weedvine Location & comments pokeweed Gamba grass able 6 Emerging, established and potential invasive environmental weeds likely to threaten WH values Priority 2 3 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 T Note: Some Class 2 & 3 weeds are not listed in this table. Whilst there is a legal obligation to control them, they con 1 1 2 3 3 3 2 2 High priority weeds - newly emerging to be eradicated completely 2V 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PESTS ENVIRONMENTAL 62 WET TROPICS CONSERVATION STRATEGY problem on floodplains in the NT. domestic gardens. Bird dispersed. Bird dispersed. to eradication programs, but funding limited. Daintree, Russell and Major outbreaks in Tully, NSW to FNQ. and also in Johnstone Shire. Hinchinbrook and Cardwell Shires subject Botanic Gardens. Bird dispersed. Bird dispersed. WONS Canal Creek in Cairns Atherton Tableland, PII, WWW WONS sub-coastal areas of eastern Australia from D2, U, WIWP WIWP around Cairns. WIWP year Status plant PII, WONS Johnstone Rivers. ee American & African horticulturalee, Shrub 1962 riparian, mangroves Wetlands, Central American fodder crop 1953 Rainforest edges, riparian PII, WWW Established and widespread. Shrub Asian ornamental NYR Rainforest and edges Common plant in domestic gardens. Aquatic herb North American aquarium plant 1990 waterways Wetlands, D2, U Occurs in Leslie and Kenny Creeks on the Vine Asian & African ornamental 1990 Rainforest edges & disturbed areas PIIShrub Potential ‘sleeper’ weed in WT American ornamental & drug Tropical NYR Rainforest and edgesTr Potential weed in Botanical Gardens. Tr Aquatic herb America ornamenetal Tropical 1980 and wetlands Waterways D2, U Shrub, Tree American ornamental Tropical NYR Rainforest edges & disturbed areas D1 Tropics. Not yet recorded in Wet Aquatic grass American ponded pasture Tropical 1990 & waterways Wetlands D2, WONS Established in Cairns, Johnstone, Douglas, Grass American, African ponded pasture 1973 Open wetlands & floodplains U Established and widespread. Shrub American garden plant Tropical 1966 Sclerophyll communities D3, U Found throughout most coastal and Shrub Philippine ornamental NYR Rainforest and edges Common plant in domestic gardens. Shrub American Tropical NYR Swamps Riverine D1, WONS but an enormous Tropics, Not yet in Wet Shrub Sri Lankan 2000 Rainforest & edges, riparian PII, WWW Recent invader from domestic gardens Shrub Philippine ornamental NYR Rainforest and edges Huge problem overseas. Potential weed in Clerodendrum Cabomba caroliniana & spp. Coccinia grandis Piper auritum Annona glabra Leucaena leucocephala Eichhornia crassipes Piper aduncum Hymenachne amplexicaulis Brachiaria mutica Lantana camara Medinilla magnifica quadriloculare paniculatum Mimosa pigra Ardisia solanacea Clerodendrum osa ater hyacinth rdisia ronze leaved Pagoda plant Cabomba Ivy gourd Eared pepper Pond apple Leucaena, Spiked pepper Hymenachne Para grass Lantana Chandelier bush Common name Species Plant type Origins and usesclerodendrum First Ecosystem Weed Location & comments Coffee bush Priority 3 5 3 3 4 4 5W High priority potential weeds - prevent introduction and eradicate if introduced 3Mim 3 established outbreaks to be contained High priority weeds - new infestations to be eradicated and larger, 4 5 4 3 5A 3B WET TROPICS CONSERVATION STRATEGY 63 PESTS ENVIRONMENTAL et Tropics. ablelands, particularly on upper Beatrice T Speewah and Daintree. Widely established. Widely established. catchment). Ithaca River and around Tarzali. River, W gardens. WIWP River to the Daintree. PII, WIWP indicate potential to spread rapidly. WIWP coastal lowlands. WWW PII WONS D3, U, WWW PII, WIWP U, PII,WIWP year Status ee Indian fodder tree 1950 Riparian Widely established on southern Atherton ee African, ornamental West 1996 Rainforest edges, riparian ee African ornamental Tropical 1954 Rainforest & edges, riparian D3, U Established at Bellenden Ker Range and ee Shrub American fruit tree Tropical 1975 Rainforest edges ee Brazilian ornamental 1998 Rainforest edges and riparian D3, WWW bird dispersed seeds Recent invader, Vine North & tropical American 1992 Rainforest edges and riparian PII, WIWP Widely established. Tr Vine Indian ornamental 1964 Rainforest & riparian D2, U Scattered along coastal streams from the Tully Tr Herb Central American garden plant 1987 Rainforest & edges, riparian D3, U, PII Widely established. Vine American Tropical 1973 Rainforest edges, riverine U established (especially in Upper Barron Widely Tr Grass African pasture grass Tropical Grass 1976 Sclerophyll communities & riparian U, PII African pasture grass Established and widespread. 1987 Rainforest edges & disturbed areasAquatic herb Canadian U, PII Widely established. 2000 waterways Wetlands, Aquatic fern South American aquarium plant 1968 waterways Wetlands, D2, U established. Widely Vine South American ornamental 2003 Rainforest edges Recent outbreaks near Kuranda, Vine American Tropical 1971 Rainforest edges and riparian Widely established. Vine Indian ornamental and medicinal 1973 Riparian and woodlands Spreading rapidly throughout the southern Tr Aquatic herb Tropics World Aquatic herb North American aquatic herbTr 1998 2000 waterways Wetlands, and wetlands Waterways VineVine Shrub South American ornamental South American garden plant 1990 Widely established. Rainforest edges & swamps 2000 Rainforest and edges U from domestic Tropics Encroaching on Wet Widely established. urbina corymbosa Cardiospermum Erythrina sykesii Thunbergia grandiflora Spathodia campanulata Sphagneticola T Harungana Melinis minutiflora Panicum maximum Elodea canadensis Salvinia molesta Saritanea magnifica madagascariensis tricornuta halicacarbum Solanum seaforthianum Argyreia nervosa Psidium guajava Pistia stratiotes Sagittaria graminea Schinus terebinthifolia Syngonium podophyllum Allamanda cathartica oolly morning ater lettuce uava rrowhead road leaved rrowhead vine ellow urbina Balloon vine Coral tree Blue trumpet African tulip Singapore daisy Harungana Molasses grass Guinea grass Elodea Salvinia Glowvine Common name Species Snake vine glory, Plant type Origins and uses First vine Ecosystem Weed Location & comments pepper tree nightshade allamanda Purple bigonia Brazilian Priority 8 9 5W 5 5 5 7T 5 5 established outbreaks to be contained Other priority weeds - new infestations to be eradicated and larger, 7 7W 7G 8A 8 8A 8B 9Y 5 9 8 ENVIRONMENTAL PESTS ENVIRONMENTAL 64 WET TROPICS CONSERVATION STRATEGY Emerging. Established in SEQ and NSW. genetically modified native species. oil palms. ice-cream bean, passionfruit and star apple. can grow under rainforest canopy. D3, U, WIWP te. year Status ee timber production Commercial Rainforest edges and open woodlands Includes Caribbean pine, hoop and ee timber Asian, commercial 2000 Rainforest edgesee Ornamental garden trees Becoming established. Rainforests and edges, coastal areas Includes queen palms, coconuts and ee Asian, ornamental and windbreak 1992 Rainforest & riparian ee Vine trees orchard Commercial ee Ornamental and shady garden trees Intact rainforest and edges Rainforest edges Include mango, lychee, rambutan, longan, Includes raintree and poinciana. ee timber Asian commercial 2003 Rainforest & riparian PII Outbreak between Mareeba & Kuranda. Tr Tr Tr Shrub Vine Ornamental plants Intact rainforest and edges Includes all shade tolerant species which Tr GrassHerb African pasture grass and South American Tropical Tr 1961 Rainforest edges & open woodlandsTr 1975 PII Roadsides, creeks and open areas U, PII Widely established. Widely established in wet areas. Tr Numerous species Chukrasia velutina Numerous species Numerous species Cinnamomum camphora Pennisetum purpureum Rivina humilis Numerous species Numerous species Gmelina arborea hite teak East Indian Camphor laurel Elephant grass Coral berry Common name Speciesmahogany Plant type Origins and usesfruits First Ecosystemgarden plants Weed Location & comments Priority 10 Plantation timber 9 10 Palms 10 Indoor and NYR = Not yet recorded PII = Significant Pacific Island Invader U = Listed as Undesirable under the Plan Plants listing Invasive Woody WIWP = World’s Of National Significance WONS = Weed Weeds Worst WWW = One of the 36 World’s 9 9W 9 9 Some other plant groups already established which may become problems in the future 10 Horticultural 10 trees Tropical D1, D2, D3 = Declared weed in Queensland (Class 1,2,3) Many weeds probably naturalised before listed da First year = first recorded naturalised in the WT Bioregion or close by. WET TROPICS CONSERVATION STRATEGY 65 PESTS ENVIRONMENTAL