Trends and Issues in Globaltourism2008

Roland Conrady · Martin Buck Editors

Trends and Issues in GlobalTourism2008

123 Professor Dr. Roland Conrady Dr. Martin Buck University of Applied Sciences ITB Erenburgerstr. 19 Messedamm 22 67549 Worms 14055 Berlin Germany Germany [email protected] [email protected]

ISBN 978-3-540-77797-7 e-ISBN 978-3-540-77798-4

DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-77798-4

Library of Congress Control Number: 2008920788

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Key Figures and Issues in the Global Tourism Industry

Global Tourism in 2007 and Beyond –World Travel Monitor`s Basic Figures

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Climate Change and Its Impact on the Tourism Industry

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Aviation Management

The Role of Business Aviation in the European Civil Aviation Market

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Airport Privatization and Takeover – Creating Value for All Stakeholders? !

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Hospitality Management

Hotel Architecture: Less Is More - Or: Natural Sustainable " $%&

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Emerging Market Segments: Religious and Medical Tourism in India (-) . "

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Trends in the Business Travel Market – Focus on Germany - " - !

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The Future of Tourism and Travel

Future Destinations +&

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1 Introduction

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2 Overview of World Tourism in 2006

2.1 Global Trends

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2.2 Inbound Performance

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3 European Travel and Tourism Trends

3.1 Overall Travel Demand

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3.2 Major Source Markets and Destinations

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3.3 Booking Patterns

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4 German Travel & Tourism

4.1 Inbound Trends

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4.2 Domestic and Outbound Trends

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5 European Travel Trends in 2007

5.1 Overview of Main Trends in 2007

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5.2 Leading Markets

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5.3 Destination Trends

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5.4 Transport

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?<" ( /" J <" 0J <" @ A"?#$# %/" & Climate Change and Its Impact on the Tourism Industry

1 Introduction

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4 Climate Change and Tourism

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5 Preventive and Adaptation Strategies in the Travel and Tourism Industry

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6 Key Proposals for Designing Future Climate Protection Strategies

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References

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viation Management

The Role of Business Aviation in the European Civil Aviation Market

1 Determining the Position of Business Aviation in Europe

M M O P " #" # M " # " # $ # O #P # #" #" #% M&' ()*+' ,& - .()*+-,/01(& 2 '# *,3 4 () 5 , 6 74 ) / 899:

2 Trends in European Business Aviation

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) 2# ()2, # $ # 7 #

3 Future Perspectives of the European Business Aviation Market

7 %#>8999 # $ % # B # ' # 4 + # # # # # 0 + $ # ?G>> # & . # Airport Privatization and Takeover – Creating Value for All Stakeholders?

1 Airport Privatization Framework in the 21st Century

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2 New Business Models and the Paradigm Shift

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3 The Need for New Skills and Competence in a Privatized Environment

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" - = % 3 - - O P - . % & " 3 O P . 5 O P6 %

4 The Main Issues on the Agenda for the Future of Airports

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5 Conclusions

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References

F 5+@@?6 2 F H * 8 )3 4 3- -* ) ) .4- %4 @0?5 6 4 >'>L E5?6 .B' ,B+ $ % ( ' .B 2 ? > > 3 5?6.B'8 ' ? $ 8 &J P B B 4 2 > ? *EB' M( >-$ ' B. D F@?>,@? 2D B B 4 P ?>A 93L %B* B 4 P ?>A 8 8B8 B 4 P ?>! ) 0 & ) B M % B 4 P ?>!? ( &H >4B I ! F H A ) 5 6 ) 3 < B 8 * 8>3 4 .4@0? ' ( J* > ? Hospitality Management Hotel Architecture: Less Is More ̛Or: Natural Sustainable

Interview with Matteo Thun, Architect

G R ! " # $ $ %&&' )*#+# ) ,-- M " " ! ! ) ! + $ " # - -$ ! O- 0 %&&1P ! 3 * # 4 " ! O 5 +!P%&&' *#+#) ! - "+!%&&6O $ " P 7 " 4 $ ) # 8 " 9O0 ) P : "O; < !" ) $ ) P+9 O# $ " P !" ! + 4 - " 5" %&&= + ! $ ! O5 >P "4 4 - " 5" ! ? @ M 9 " ! ) " ! $ $ ! $ " " A B'

94 !"!) 94 ! ? @ ? @ 4 ! 4 9" M) " C8 $ O # P5 $ "" 90 $ -! 95 $ " "A 94! $ 4)! D E$ 4 "F C ! !O P ; < "! "M ! $ " $ 9 " : " " R " C "C R - 4 OG PO#P! $) ! ! " ! "!$ O P 1 9" ! $ "! 4 ! " "! "! "$ $ + "$ ) $$"$ $ ! $$ $ " R 8A+ 4 " 8" 9- $E " 8 4H& E$ 4 ") 4 8 4 !" 8 + #8 I C " # 4 $ 8 " " 8 91&& ! $ O P ,! $E $ " ! $

1 G # - + 9: 4 ̛79, #$ B6

9- " " A5" A 9 0 M ! 4 4 O P 7 "4 "$ M R " $ -! " O P $ " ! !" 8 E 9 !OP! OPA 9 )$OJP!" O4P " ! $ " 9 5 4 - " 5" %&&= " $ " 8 O5 ! >P-! ""!)A 94" 4 4! O " P I )! $ " ! " !" " ! $ ! $ " " $ ! 9 - + A 9 + M " ! !"" R "E 94 > 9+ $ M 4 " ! " $ F 8 -! $ A 94M " M ) ! " +$ ! $ " "! $ ! " " ! ! BB

) >+ "$ 9 $ " $ 9-! !" A5 F !" F A 9! M! ! 4 O P " R , $ "$ "" ! D 3 * ! ! -! ! F ! 8 O !P "$ ! O*P " ! 4 ! " ! 9I " " 8 " $ A 94 " # D $ : ! F " " $ : $" $ ! $ D " F) -! $" # $ " " ! ) " 7 ! ! $$ " $ 9-! )$ ! "A4A 9,$ " 4 ! ! 8 9 + ! "$ %&&=&&C 4 " " 8 ! $ O3! PO P " G 8 "!4!> ) ! $ " - ! :C5 ) " " : ) $1&16C 9" !$ A+!" A - + 9: 4 ̛79, #$ B=

9 >4 " $ ! " ! M " " ! " " 9 ! $ " "A 9 $ " $ $ ! "%1 " #$ " ) ! " " $ " I " " ! " $ " 4 $ R " $ $ $ ! ! $ " +$ 8 $ " 7 R! $ ! $ " ! $ " " ! " $ $ ! 7 E$! "E ! 9 + ! " $ A 9 ! $ 8"$ " ! "$ ! "" 9-!! " A A 9 4 7 M 95 !) %&%& 8 $ " A 9 "M" > 9# ! $ A! 8 " 8 A BH

9 ! !" $ ! QR ! M 5$!# # )G 94!" ! 8A 9 8" " " "E + !!4 " 5 8 9-!! " ! 8" A 9+! $ ! M$ " $

+8 8 ! 90 " $ L #A A 9 L # ! ! 4 $ " "$ ) " M " !"$ )! , $ $ ! ! " ! 9 ! L # "

" " ! 4 97 " $ 4 "

9 ! L #- $ A 94O P C $ " E # ! %&&M 9 -! A ! " $ " A4! " " "A 9N "4 )" M 4F ) ! 4 "$" 4 ! ! G * ! !: 3 # ", , ! 0)! !I ) )" " ) > Financial Solvency and Credit Rating for Hotel Businesses

1 Introduction

!! " # $ %O $P ($ $ $ )

*$ $ + ,- " .$$ % ,- $ + / $ $OP $O+P $ + $,- . $ $ + $+,- $ 0 . !! " . $ ,- +% + + " . + + + ($ %$ $ / % 1 $2 $ $ $ )333 ) " ($ $ + $ +$

). $ $( 4 % $ + $ $ ($ (4R + ,(4)336 )7)8 ,$ $ 9!

($$ + $ ($ $ $ $ $ $ $ %$ # + $ $ + 7. $ $ $ ($ $ + %$ + " + " ($ %$ $ $ + $ %$$ $ ($ % $ % % $ $ $ $+ !!9"

2 Credit Assessment Approaches: Ratings

# $ % $ ($ / $ $ + + $ / + : !!) ;)" ($ $ $ $ .O$ P + $ $ / . $ % $ < $ + $ $ 8. % $ $ ($ 1 $+ ($ $ ($ $$ + $ $ % $ $ % $% $ $ %$ $ $ ($ + + +1 $ ; # $

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% + $$ % $ P !!8 83?" ?$ %$ $ + $ : !!) ?8" 9

3 The Quintessence for Credit Ratings in Hotel Businesses

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3.1 Specification 1: The Business Model in the Hotel Industry as an Analysis Unit for Determining Credit Relevant Aspects

C $ $ $ $ $ $ $ + ($ $ $ /$ $ $ % " $ $ % $ $ " * ) * , # 2 > 97

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- +$+ $ $ $ 7 ;!!!+ !!;%$ $ 7? 8= $ $<9 ($$ + $ % $$ 6 > $ % % + % $ $ >% $ $ $ + , )" $ G($ $+ $ $ C $ $ $ $ $ $ O+ P + $ + $+ 3($ O$ $% %$ $ + $P )! 9>.>+C $>C $ !!? ?6 ($ >+C $>." $ $ $ $ O+$ P ($+ $ % $ $+ + ?!" >% $$+ $ $ +% $ + $$ $ + 6#% $ !!9+ 3#% $ !! 8? )!#% $ !! ;! 98

($ $ % $ $ $ $+ . $$ $ $ $ %$ $ "G>%$ $ $ "G>%$ "G >%$ %$%$ "G>%$ "G . % $ %$ $ $ $ "G !! " $/%$ $ $ $ M $ $ $ $$%$ M $ $ $ $ + ( * $+ $ $

($+ <$ $ !!9 ;?"

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))( % $$ $ + !!9" * , # 2 > 9;

# $ $ ($

" " "/ " + % $ + ) ($ $ %$ $ $ + $ # % $$ + +1 $ + +1 + $ + 0 !! )6?@ > $+)333 7 " $ + +% $ + + - $ !!)" .$$ " + $ $ + $ % $ $ $ $$ $ 1 , $ / $ $ )7$$ $ $ + $ $ $ )8>%$ + + $ / ($ +% + $ - ,$ - ,$ !! " . $ $ O $ %P $ * 7"

) # C !! " )? )7$ $ + % $ $ R % !!! )? " )8#% $. !! " 9? M9?7@C )339" 983 9?

# + -,$ !! "

.$/ + $$ + %$ $ $ $ O P $ $ $ + $ $ $ *$ $+1 + % $ $$ $ $ +$ $ $ $ * )333 )!8" > $ $ $+ $ $ ( $ $ $ $ ++ $ $ $ $ % $ $+ :/ $+ $$ + ($ + + + $ $ / + + M $ $ *$ $ %$ $ $ $ R + G($<$ $ ($ % $ + %$ $+ $ ($ $ $ $ %$ ($ %$ $$ $ " $/ + $ $ $ $ / $ GC % $ $ / + $ $ $$ $ + G * , # 2 > 99

%$/% $%$ $ $ $ $ G + %$+ % $ $ G >% $ %$ $ $ $ %$ $ G $ $ % $ + G>% $/ M M $ G ( % $ $+ M / $ + %$

3.2 Specification 2 and 3: The Significance Test with a Specific Database for Hotels

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# 2 C , +$$" 96

4 $ $ / %$ * ;"

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) ;!!!!!!

) !!!!!!!

));!!!!!!

))!!!!!!!

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$ + $ $ $+ . $ $ % $ + + $+ %$ $ ($ %$ $$ $+ > $ ($ % $ % $ $ <$ $ $ ( $ $ $ $ + );: )"/ $ +%$ )? );. $ % + %$ $ + " + , >.2 $C !!7" !? )?($ $/ + $ / / ($ $ $$ + 6!

C JĮKȕ)L>*)MN Kȕ L><)MN Kȕ7L>*)><)DD Kȕ8L0KȞ Kİ )" C J * C $+ >*)MN J . $ $+ $ % $ " $ ) $+ $ >*)MN J>* )" ><)MN J . $ $+ $ $ ) $+ $ ><)MN J>< )" >*)><)DD J ($ %$ $+ $ % $ $ $ " $+ $ >*)><)DD J >* )"B>< )"" 0 J ($+ $ Ȟ $+ İ $ $

4 Conclusions

($ %$ $% %$ $ $ $$ $ %

($ $ $ +% $+ $ $ $+ $ $ $ % $ $ +% $ + %$ $+ $ $ $ )" $ $ $ + )339$$ % .$ 1 $ + +%$ " $ $+ + $ $/$ $ $ $+ % 7" ($ )%+$ $ $ / F $ $$$+ $$ " + $ $ $ + / + / + *$ % + $ $ $ ($ $ % $$ $$ * , # 2 > 6)

+ $+ $$ $ % $ $ / $ $+ % $ $ $ 4 $ +%$ $ $ %$ , $ % $ $ + $ $ $ +$$ + % ($ $+ $+ M%$ $ + M $+

$ + %$ $ +1 $ % $ $ + $ %$ $+ $ % M$ 1 $ "+ $ $+ + H$ $ $ / $ + $ + ($ % $ $+ $ R %$ $ $ + $ + $ + % $ $$$ $ $ $ $ 4$$$% + $$ + + ($ +$ $ $ + ($ $ +% + $ + R ($ $ $ + + R %$ $ + / . $$ $ + $$ +$ + $ 6

References

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` O *$ C $ > $+> > B,$> 0 > ": $ C G + 0 F$ $ 82 !!9" $ 0 "F$ ( >+ $C F + !!9+" +% F$ ( 0$ 0 - $ > 0 -4 "F$ ( M*$ : " , , , > $ . !! " ( + - 0 G O $ 0 % ;;;96;6 , $ !!;" <:H:,,(+ . + $ $+ + * , # 2 > 67

(2:F<.,(F$ ++> !!8"( $> !!8B !!; - $ - !!!" H $ + (4 ( 4 )336" : $ ( , $ ( O$ + ) ! Quality Rating in Hotel Community Sites

1 The First Step Is Always the Hardest: Deciding on the Vacation Destination

! " # R %& ' " % (" " ! #R ) " " *+ ! ' " , " " - ! +" ' . M OP ( " ( ' " 2 "' " " " ( 34

2 The Purchase Decision Is Made Online

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3 Planning Decisions in the Social Web

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4 Success Story “Travels Online”

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2 " 2#76 >;;?

" ( " ( " >;;? C;D <' "( " " 7;D ( @ A " . B 3G

5 The Internet: A Travel Information Channel

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6 The Social Web in the Travel Industry: The Idea of Hotel Rating Portals

( " " ' "" ) " " ' " E " " )F " E "'" F " ! " " ' " ( " @ A " . B G:

7 The Multitude of Information in Hotel Rating Portals

." " ' %& %& ' %& "%# ! " % - ' " " " "M " K " " " " ' M " "" " ' A" ' M " " " ' "! " H ) " ' " 2 . " %& " " %& " %& %. " <"- %# ! % 2# % " " '" " 'M "

8 Online Hotel Ratings: HolidayCheck Case Study

+ " . B " " '" " . B " "! ( " . B 2 . B ' " ' 7; J " ' G>

" . B " " ' " O P "! R " " " 2 ' "E! "F E F ) ' )

9 Hotel Rating Portals from the Perspective of the Organizers and Hotels

& - " " 2= " H " M < " " ' = " " " ' " ' " + " # " " ' " " " " . " ) " " B ' ! M

10Conclusions

( " " " ' ( " ( " ' ! '" ' " @ A " . B G7

" H 2( " M Destination Management Improving Travel & Tourism Competitiveness

1 Preface

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2 Introduction

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3 The Global Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report

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4 Defining a Strategic Agenda for Travel & Tourism

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4.1 Travel & Tourism as an Engine for Economic Development

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4.2 Moving from a Travel & Tourism “Pursuer” to a “Champion”

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4.3 Travel & Tourism as a Lever to Maintain Economic Wealth

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4.4 Achieving High Travel & Tourism Competitiveness

Case Study of the #1 Ranked “Champion”: Switzerland . O'P& ) > & , , -' , & , 67&-& ! ) & & -* , ,& ! -G ,4" ' , ,"$ - @ + )7"!!)786+7A2

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5 Conclusion

) , ,! ! & - -'& , , , , , - & & ! M ,- , , @! - ' ) 9 , - 6 KG & ,&&&! ! -*, & ! & ,-E& && !& ! & &- European Destination Management: Challenges for Product and Brand Management

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1 Introduction

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2 Destination Management

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3 From Destination Management to Destination Governance

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4 Governance in the European Competitive Entity

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5 Tourism Development

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6 Europe – The Customer Perspective

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7 Conclusions and Forecasts

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1 Introduction

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2 India’s Travel Equation

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3 Medical Tourism: a New Phenomenon?

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4 Religious Tourism

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5 Summary

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References

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1 Changes in Consumer Needs in the Travel Industry

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2 Theoretical Principles and Problems in Market Segmentation

2.1 Definition, Goals and Strategic Principles in Market Segmentation

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2.2 Selection Criteria for Segmentation Characteristics

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2.3 Segmentation Characteristics and Segmentation Types

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2.4 Current Problems in Market Segmentation

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3 The Psyma and Schober Tourism Types

3.1 An Innovative, Integrative Segmentation Approach

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3.2 Qualitative Pre-Study

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3.3 Quantifying the Results

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3.4 Lifestyle Profiling

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3.5 Data Matching

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4 Case Study: The Psyma and Schober “Tourism Types”

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5 Conclusions

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References

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1 Introduction

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2 Methodology

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3 Trends Impacting the Development of Future Segments

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3.2 Consumer Trends

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5 Conclusion

3 , 2 ' F / 3 3 # 2 Innovations in Destination Distribution Management

1 New Marketing Channels in Tourism

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2 From Single-Channel to Multi-Channel Marketing

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3.3 From Channels of Distribution to Channels of Communication and Contact

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4.1 Multi-Channel Marketing Is More than Online Marketing

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5 Destination Marketing – New Challenges and Opportunities

5.1 The Three Stages in Destination Marketing

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1 Introduction

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5 Online Travel Industry Growth Factors: Tour Operators

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6 Conclusion

) " - "F '%%, ? @ :"2" > > " :"2" ) " ":" H > 0B%

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? 0 " ?

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Increase in Transport Spending

+;S 3 % # = : # # < 9 # :/ - ())* "#M, 9 :IB

' BS+S :S+S ())H 9 & ())H

Costs for Overnight Stays

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Telephone and Video Conferences

@ # = !>( O P U & F U ' ()S !>( # 9 # O< 2 = ;)S # # ())G, # # "#M, 9 :I+

Growing Business Travel Destinations

7-% - ())+ BHH # ())GM 9 O " 9 9 U C# ;:S 2 ())GC D/ 3 "E9 @/ <P#

Fields of Travel Management

B*S O FO IS :IH? 0 " ?

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Looking Ahead

())+ ())H 2 # < ())G R 2 D*GSEO"P < # ' # O P - 7-%M 9 9 = ! ! R # The Future of Tourism and Travel Future Destinations

R !

1 Asia Overland

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2 Asia Travel

"#$> ' * , * "#$% * * ) 2- * ) 2- , / 6 %7"

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3 Traveller Categories

R 9

3.1 Baby Boomers

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3.2 Young Backpackers

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3.3 The Under-30s

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3.4 Travel with Children

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4 ‘Other’ Nationalities

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4.1 China

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4.2 India

R R ( R * 5

5 Activity Travel

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5.1 Learning Travel

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x 6 M R / * ' ) / " 6 >6 2 , ' 1

5.2 Gap Years & Career Breaks

4 Q R *

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5.3 Adventure Travel

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5.4 Walking & Cycling

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x 1 M * / ' Q* R - *

5.5 Wildlife Travel

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5.6 Travel Routes & Marathon Trips

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2 : ( ) x ' M * -

5.7 City Breaks

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5.8 Cruises

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5.9 Luxury Travel

5 ! * ; ( ; 5 2 R * 5 5 5 5 Q R !

6 Travel Niches

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*1 / 5 9

6.1 ‘Volontourism’

* Q R / 6 %""

R ! *

6.2 Dark Tourism

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6.3 List Ticking

5 * * 1 1 ! * "77 * ! "

6.4 Slow Travel

1 Q R

6.5 Gambling Tourism

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7 Travel Information & Influences

5 9

7.1 Television, Magazines & Newspapers

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7.2 The Internet

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7.3 Word of Mouth & Personal Experience

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8 The Travel End Game - Sustainability

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8.1 Travel Guilt & Climate Change

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8.2 Peak Oil

) 2 2 5 Q * R * * 0* 5 5 Space Travel

- %

Interview with Gerhard Thiele, Head of the ESA Astronaut Division ESA/EAC

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