Fish & Wildlife NEWSLETTER — 2020
CONTENTS Fisheries Staff Bios. Northern Fund 2020 . Memorial Monumentof Tahltan Lake Tahltan Lake Egg Take (1989-2020) . . DFO Real Properties –Facility Upgrades . & Conservation Areas(IPCA)Projects . Fisheries-related IndigenousProtected Fisheries Projects The Stikine River Salmon Studies –BiologicalContract Fisheries Project Overview Map. Fisheries GuardianUpdate . Fisheries Director’s Message. FISHERIES & WildlifeGroup WorkingFish Tahltan-BC Government-to-Government UPDATES Successful Hunts&Fishingby Tahltans . FEATURES Guardians Training Klappan MooseClassificationSurvey & Stewardship Plan Caribou & Wolf CollaringProjects . Tseneglode CaribouUpdate . Jade Boulder SheepProject Collaborative Stewardship Forum Update . 3 Nations&BritishColumbia Tahltan Guide&Outfitters AssociationMessage. Tahltan Harvest Policy . Predator ManagementPolicy &Framework . Tahltan TravelAdvisory Guardians Message Wildlife Director’s Message. WILDLIFE Message from thePresident ...... 69 20 59 49 55 29 70 45 53 35 25 67 23 19 16 73 72 51 31 13 21 71 11 1 9 7 TAHLTAN NATION Hunting of Predatory
• to determine and develop priorities and strategies for exercising Tahltan Species Policy Nation’s right to development, which includes the right to be actively involved in developing and determining economic and social programs affecting Tahltan members and, as far as possible, to administer such programs through Tahltan institutions (article 23);
PREAMBLE • to maintain and strengthen Tahltan Nation’s distinctive spiritual relationship with their traditionally owned or otherwise occupied and used lands, territories, WHEREAS the Tahltan Nation has inhabited and harvested resources throughout its and resources and to uphold their responsibilities to future generations in this traditional territory in the upper Stikine River region of British Columbia and Yukon (“Tahltan regard (article 25); Territory”) since time immemorial, pursuant to which the Tahltan Nation possesses Aboriginal rights, including Aboriginal title to, and Aboriginal rights to hunt throughout, • to the lands, territories and resources that the Tahltan Nation has traditionally Tahltan Territory (“Tahltan Rights”); owned, occupied or otherwise used or acquired, including the right to use, develop and control those lands, territories and resources (article 26); AND WHEREAS the Tahltan Rights to hunt within Tahltan Territory encompass both the right to hunt for food, social and ceremonial purposes as well as the right to hunt • to the conservation and protection of the environment and the productive predatory species for resource management purposes, as both of these hunting practices capacity of Tahltan Nation lands and resources (article 29); were integral to the distinctive culture of Tahltan Nation’s pre-contact society; • to determine and develop priorities and strategies for the development or use AND WHEREAS the Tahltan Rights to hunt for food, social and ceremonial purposes, as well of their lands or territories and other resources (article 32); and as for resource management purposes, are not species-specific, as the Tahltan Nation’s consumption and conservation practices necessarily adapted in response to changes • to promote, develop and maintain Tahltan Nation institutional structures and within Tahltan Territory; distinctive customs, spirituality, traditions, procedures, practices (article 34);
AND WHEREAS Tahltan Rights held by the Tahltan Nation, including Tahltan title and rights AND WHEREAS effective April 1, 2018 the Province amended the regulations of the to hunt, are collective rights that belong to the Tahltan Nation as a whole; Wildlife Act in a manner that prohibits hunting of grizzly bear (the “Grizzly Ban”);
AND WHEREAS the Tahltan Nation has inherent jurisdiction and authority over the lands, AND WHEREAS the Province has confirmed that such Grizzly Ban does not resources and interests in Tahltan Territory, which includes jurisdiction and authority over apply to the exercise of Aboriginal rights to hunt grizzly bear for food, social, or the manner in which its collective title and rights to hunt may be exercised; ceremonial purposes;
AND WHEREAS section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982 recognizes and affirms the existing AND WHEREAS due to the combined effect of unauthorized settler development and Aboriginal and treaty rights of the Aboriginal peoples of Canada, including the inherent right industrial activity within Tahltan Territory and the Province’s wildlife management to self-governance; laws and regulations, including the Grizzly Ban, predatory species are proliferating within Tahltan Territory and threatening Tahltan Nation’s access to traditional AND WHEREAS the Supreme Court of Canada has recognized that Aboriginal rights, including food sources, ability to meaningfully exercise the right to hunt for food, social and Tahltan Rights, are not frozen in time and are capable of evolving from pre-contact practices, ceremonial purposes, and the safety of its community; customs and traditions, both in terms of methods of harvest and species harvested; AND WHEREAS Tahltan Nation, through Tahltan Central Government (“TCG”), is AND WHEREAS on November 28, 2019, the Province of British Columbia (the “Province”) committed to protecting its practices, culture, community, and economic prosperity, passed the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act, which mandates that the while safeguarding Tahltan Territory and the resources located thereon for the use Province bring its laws into harmony with the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of and benefit of present and future Tahltan members; Indigenous Peoples, including the following rights belonging to Tahltan Nation: AND WHEREAS it is in the interests of the Tahltan Nation to enact a policy addressing • to autonomy or self-government in matters relating to Tahltan Nation internal and local the exercise of Tahltan Rights to hunt grizzly bear and other predatory species within affairs, as well as ways and means for financing their autonomous functions (article 4); Tahltan Territory by Tahltan members for food, social and ceremonial purposes and for resource management purposes; • to practice and revitalize Tahltan Nation cultural traditions and customs, including the right to maintain, protect and develop the past, present and future manifestations of NOW THEREFORE the Tahltan Nation hereby enacts the following Tahltan Hunting Tahltan cultures (article 11); of Predatory Species Policy. TAHLTAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT – FISH & WILDLIFE NEWSLETTER 2020
“Once we successfully established Message from the Wildlife Department and were able to collect more information Below: President Day hunting the President with his son Malakai. on the landscape in conjunction with other wildlife stakeholders, our concerns and outrage with the mismanagement increased. I expect to experience a similar pattern with the Fisheries Department, particularly with the alarming decline of the Chinook stocks and some concerning issues Chad Norman Day with predator management along President, Tahltan Central Government BC’s and Alaska’s coastlines.”
When I became President of the TCG, there was no mandate or staff to oversee wildlife and fisheries initiatives, but we quickly learned about the mismanagement of these sacred resources and the negative impacts this was having on Tahltan rights, food sustainability, and our future culture and identity. Once we successfully established the Wildlife Department and were able to collect Welcome to the first annual Tahltan Central Government This was a very challenging fall season, unlike anything more information on the landscape in conjunction Due to COVID-19, I could only make two trips to Tahltan Above: President Day fishing on Cry Lake. (TCG) Fish & Wildlife Newsletter! Although this is the third we have ever experienced. The ongoing vulnerabilities in with other wildlife stakeholders, our concerns and Territory in the past several months. During both visits our homeland during the COVID-19 pandemic, coupled outrage with the mismanagement increased. I expect I made it a priority to get out on the land to walk in newsletter we have created with initiatives specific to with the influx of resident hunters during the hunting to experience a similar pattern with the Fisheries our Ancestors’ footsteps and continue learning about wildlife, this year we added fish as the TCG officially took over season, created a very stressful situation within Tahltan Department, particularly with the alarming decline our Tahltan lands, wildlife, and culture. We hiked and Territory. I commend everyone who assisted us in of the Chinook stocks and some concerning issues camped on Level Mountain where we witnessed the administration and jurisdiction of the Fisheries Department. keeping our communities safe and thank our people for with predator management along BC’s and Alaska’s influx of Grizzly Bears, I harvested my first Moose your ongoing patience as we continue taking measures coastlines. We have so much work to do as a Tahltan outside of Dease Lake and distributed the meat to our Having these two vital departments working under to limit the traffic and activities in our local communities Nation and are getting stronger every year. Elders, and I spent a few days in the Sheslay Valley our government and in tandem is an exciting evolution of Iskut, Dease Lake and Telegraph Creek. and saw the way Beaver dams and industrial activities which will increase efficiency and productivity for the I have personally put Premier John Horgan and are having huge impacts on fisheries and wildlife Tahltan Nation’s fisheries and wildlife into the future. The Wildlife Department went above and beyond this his key ministers and staff on notice with the habitat. Without the distractions of technology and year by expanding their program to block off over following message: “There will be no world class social media, these days in the wilderness were very I am thrilled to welcome some new members to the TCG 20 access points with concrete blocks and gates. mining jurisdiction in Tahltan Territory unless we rewarding and life changing. I will ensure that hunting Family. Cheri Frocklage has been the backbone of the They also hired more seasonal staff to assist in our work together to ensure we also have world class and fishing become traditions I share and experience Fisheries Department for decades and we look forward collective goal of keeping visitors away from our wildlife management.” This new era must utilize with my children, extended family, future grandchildren, to providing her with further funding, political support, vulnerable communities. We expect these collective best practices in a true government-to-government and others for years to come. and collaborative efforts to advocate for our beloved efforts, coupled with robust communication from collaboration between the Tahltan Nation and BC, fish. Working alongside her is Kerry Carlick, who fits the TCG and our media partners, helped limit which respects the authority and knowledge of the wonderfully with our passionate and experienced recreational and hunter traffic by at least fifty to Tahltan people. The Tahltan Stewardship Initiative team. Lastly, we are proud to have also inherited an seventy-five percent. We were highly disappointed by (TSI) has a team of leaders, negotiators, wildlife amazing core of seasonal fisheries staff, many who the lack of support offered by the Province in various experts and legal counsel working together to achieve have worked in the department for several years. I look respects but this did not stop us from taking matters this important goal. The Province is taking our forward to getting to know the Fisheries Department into our own hands, as our people have done since position on wildlife management very seriously; and all its staff members better in 2021 and beyond. time immemorial. they have no choice at this point.
1 2 TAHLTAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT – FISH & WILDLIFE NEWSLETTER 2020 SECTION TITLE
President Day encounters a sow grizzly and two cubs on Level Mountain.
Above: President Day's moose harvest. I am extremely proud of the work we accomplished Tahltan knowledge, both past and present, is continually in creating and implementing the TCG’s new Predator being shared and evolving to help us make decisions Management Program. Let’s hope other Indigenous and deal with the challenges we face today. peoples, politicians and more follow our example on this controversial and important issue, which impacts We as human beings are currently experiencing the everyone. Predator management has always played threat of a pandemic and it’s very concerning. However, a vital role in responsible wildlife management and let us remember our fish and wildlife in Tahltan Territory balance; I believe our Ancestors are proud of us for and most parts of British Columbia and Canada have taking this initiative and important practice back into been facing negative impacts from a mismanagement our own hands. I encourage our Tahltan people to pandemic for generations. Therefore, we will continue help us harvest predators in order to save ungulates, to assert our authority as Tahltan people to take back create more balance on the landscape, and have some stewardship of our animals and homelands. We must fun practicing our culture with their loved ones and help them thrive again in our Territory because the communities in the process. balance and health of our wildlife and fisheries goes hand-in-hand with our Tahltan history, culture, identity We must commend our TCG Wildlife and Fisheries and our future. staff, those who advocate for our fish, wildlife and ecosystems, and everyone else in the background Klane Nedischā. who partners with the Tahltan Nation and supports our growing team. I thank our beloved Ancestors who allowed us to inherit a rich culture and homeland abundant in fish, wildlife, and everything else that sustained us for thousands of years. Mēduh to all our Elders, locals and others who ensure our
3 4 TAHLTAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT – FISH & WILDLIFE NEWSLETTER 2020 SECTION TITLE
WILDLIFE DEPARTMENT Staff Messages & Ongoing Projects
7 – Wildlife Director’s Message
9 – Wildlife Guardians Message
11 – Tahltan Travel Advisory
13 – Predator Management Policy & Framework
16 – Tahltan Harvest Policy
19 – Tahltan Guide & Outfitters Association Message
20 – 3 Nations & British Columbia Collaborative Stewardship Forum Update
21 – Jade Boulder Sheep Project
23 – Tseneglode Caribou Update
25 – Caribou & Wolf Collaring Projects
29 – Klappan Moose Classification Survey & Stewardship Plan
31 – Guardians Training
5 6 7 TAHLTAN CENTRALGOVERNMENT –FISH& WILDLIFE NEWSLETTER2020
WILDLIFE Director’s Message was cripplingtheeconomy ofCanada. services andsupplies when the virus of theyear, it was our limited accessto anything was evidentover thecourse a senseofsecurity into thefuture.If to protect vital food sourcesandassure warrant, we must do what isnecessary In timeslike these, when circumstances 6-27 would be closed to non-locals. the position that Tahltanforth hunting regions 6-20 to in place since March, we felt it necessary to publicly put online. Although we have had a travel advisory closure hunting allows any BC resident to purchase hunting tags The legislation and BC system for licensed resident non-Tahltan hunters who felt it is their right to harvest. over the field season as we continued to push back The animosity created by this decision was evident members from unnecessary risks of exposure to the virus. were put in place to protect vulnerable community entering Tahltanfrom restrictions COVID-19 Territory. The the high volume of expected BC licensed resident hunters off the major access points along Highway 37N to deter It began with the Guardians placing physical barriers This fall hunting season has been an interesting one. Wildlife Director Lance Nagwan
2 . 1 . will be useful in monitoring long term predator health: We require the following measurements, which harvest. data and measurements of the bear or wolf after of the animal. We also ask Members to track additional photos, physical and evidence,sex location of harvest, Predator Policy, and provide Harvest our staff with agree to the terms and conditions set out in the Tahltan Toand efforts. receive compensation, you will need to Members to be financially compensated for their time Management Plan includes incentives to Tahltan wildlife resources by implementing a Tahltan Predator Our TCG Wildlife Department’s decision to manage our who understood ourposition and expressed support. had people call or reach out from all over the Province of replacing the damaged/stolen materials. We also people who donated financially to contribute to costs vehicles. I wish to acknowledge the generous, kind-hearted our COVID-19 signs and gates, and vandalism of parked hands, which was evident with the cutting and theft of people felt it was time to take matters into their own their opinion in a rude or disrespectful manner. Afew calm down angry folks who felt it was necessary to voice our safety when encountering hunters. We managed to During the hunting season, we were always conscious of Left: TheIskut Guardians, Thorton and Richard Louie, at a COVID-19 barrier. Width of paw Nose to tail
harvest toharvest help our local moose populations recover. Signage Project this winter, dedicated to reducingcow will also be initiating a Cow Moose Department professional skills and experience. The TCG Wildlife as they continue to develop their opportunities projects introduce the Guardians to new and exciting Caribou Collaring and Wolf Collaring projects. These As we move into November, wearebeginning our engagement meetings to receive input into projects. and hopefully soon we can hold community surveys endure generations. We will initiate community harvester working within the communities to build relationships that on toWe look forward shifting gears and focusing efforts sustainably is the safest action movingharvesting forward. we do not know how long this current situation may last, and border closures can happen again at any time. Since every occasion. We also remind them that provincial roads are points we stress to BC provincial staff members on spiritual and cultural connection to the health of the land, Nation. The health of the people who live here, and our projects that are of significant interest to the Tahltan Our staff will continue to work with provincial staff on permit. inspection to obtain an export the hide out-of-province, youwill need a compulsory Indian status number. If a Member wishes to transport hide tanned within BC will be required to present an Any Tahltan Member whowishes to get their bear 3b . 3a . 3 . Width of skull between ears Nose to base of the skull Skull measurements WILDLIFE DIRECTOR’S MESSAGE 8 TAHLTAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT – FISH & WILDLIFE NEWSLETTER 2020 WILDLIFE GUARDIANS MESSAGE
MOOSE SAMPLING ON TELEGRAPH RD.
Tahltan harvester informed us of a sick looking moose along Telegraph Rd. The results of the health samples showed warts or “papillomas” caused by a moose specific virus transmitted by biting insects. It only affects the skin and the meat Jarett Quock Brianna Tashoots is very edible, not contagious to people at all! Guardian Guardian
December will mark one year since As we wrap up the 2020 hunting season with the I returned to work. A lot has changed COVID-19 pandemic still an unprecedented threat to our communities, the Wildlife Department has been since then. The way Lance Nagwan has focused on managing our hunting season and animals taken the Guardian Program to the with a focus on staying safe. Due to COVID-19, my school shut down and went to online sessions with next level makes me very proud to be no face-to-face learning, which is challenging. I am a part of this growing program, which continuing my studies online as I work for TCG, with hopes to return to classes in the new year, but things helps protect some of our Nation’s are not looking up as the virus continues to spread. resources that our people depend on. Over the summer, we Guardians did our best to stay safe and manage this year’s hectic hunting season Over the year being back at work, as my heath was within the Territory. improving, I have been figuring out where I can fit in. This year brought a lot of challenges my way, with The hunting season brought many work and my health, but I am very proud to be able to challenges as we tried to shut down participate and to still contribute to the program. the Territory to all non-Tahltan This hunting season we had to take a different approach hunting and recreational activity, with with all the concerns around COVID-19 restrictions. Social distancing with the outside residents could have the intention of keeping our three been challenging this year if things did not change for communities safe from the virus. us. Towards the beginning of the season, our direction had changed. Detouring non-local residents and asking Despite the pandemic, the Wildlife Department continues hunters not to come hunting in Tahltan Territory was our to develop the Tahltan Predator Management Policy as way of not having contact with non-locals and keeping we move forward to help the recovery of our ungulate our Guardians, as well as our communities, safe. population. Wishing everyone a safe winter season.
With all the confusion around COVID-19, closures were interpreted differently by many people. Local safety was the number one concern, but an added benefit was addressing the unnecessary stresses wildlife do not need to go through. There was a record amount of tags sold this year, resulting from an online tag purchase system. With the record amount of tags sold and the COVID-19 pandemic, our Guardians program had to have something in place to keep our communities safe and keep the pressures down during the hunting season. Clements Brace Guardian I am looking forward to the winter part of the season and really starting the Predator program. It’s one of the more Top: Warts or “papillomas” on the WILDLIFE exciting times of the year. underside of the moose.
Middle: Moose eartip sample collection.
Bottom: Guardians documenting and sampling organs and meat of the moose.
9 10 TAHLTAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT – FISH & WILDLIFE NEWSLETTER 2020 TAHLTAN TRAVEL ADVISORY
Below: We ran our COVID-19 Territory Restrictions as ads in the Smithers Interior News and Terrace Standard newspapers.
HUNTERS & WILDLIFE ENTHUSIASTS TRAVEL ADVISORY: DO NOT TRAVEL TO TAHLTAN TERRITORY DURING COVID-19
“The Tahltan Nation is asserting our title and rights in order to protect our communities, and respectfully asking all hunters and wildlife enthusiasts to refrain from travelling to Tahltan Territory during COVID-19. In order to protect our communities, the Tahltan Nation encourage everyone in British Columbia to engage in all recreational activities
where they reside.” Chad Norman Day, President, Tahltan Central Government
“Before travelling, check on whether there are travel advisories in place for transportation routes and recreational sites, and be sure the community you want to visit is open to
visitors.” Dr. Bonny Henry, Travel Manners
Remote and Vulnerable Shutting Down Access Points Tahltan Territory’s remote location makes this region of All non essential travel to Dease Lake, Iskut and British Columbia amongst the most vulnerable in Canada. Telegraph Creek should be avoided and all recreational With limited healthcare facilities, a lack of timely transport of activity is strongly discouraged north of Bob Quinn. patients needing critical care, and large numbers of Elders, Hunting and recreational activity access points, including COVID-19 is a grave threat that the Tahltan Nation takes the Stikine Bridge, will be blocked with gates and extremely seriously. monitored.
Limited Medical Capacity Patrolling Our Territory The closest hospital from Tahltan Territory is approximately The Tahltan Central Government’s Wildlife Department 600kms away. We have a limited amount of aircraft, airport and our Guardians will be patrolling Tahltan Territory and infrastructure, and pilots available for any emergency asking all visitors to follow appropriate procedures or medical evacuations. Our clinics have very limited staff, that leave if they choose to ignore this travel advisory. we desperately need for our local communities and Tahltan people. In fact, there is no longer a functional pharmacy in Tahltan Territory during this time.
For more information and updates visit tahltan.org/covid-19
Left: COVID-19 gate closure being constructed.
11 12 TAHLTAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT – FISH & WILDLIFE NEWSLETTER 2020 PREDATOR MANAGEMENT POLICY & FRAMEWORK
Grizzly Bear Predator Management & Black Bear
Policy & Framework Tahltan knowledge, scientific literature and local knowledge provide information that supports grizzly and black bear populations in Tahltan Territory are stable to increasing. In addition, bear predation has The Wildlife Department has been advancing the Tahltan been identified as substantial on culturally-important Predator Management Framework, which is based on ungulates. Tahltan Members have indicated increased numbers for both species. defining areas in the Territory to support application of: The current population of grizzly bears in BC is • A Tahltan Predator Management Policy – endorsed by Leadership approximately 15,000 (as estimated in 2012), with an estimated 3,846 bears in Tahltan Territory, of • Identified management units to support predator management across which 90 to 100 (2.3%) were killed by humans, with multiple management scales the majority from hunter harvest. This indicates a • Predator harvesting programs which support: harvest of about 90 to 100 grizzly bears appear to » Tahltan Member harvesting rights have been historically supported while maintaining a sustainable bear population. » Defense of life and property
» Tahltan community areas used to meet sustenance needs There is no estimate of the black bear population in Tahltan Territory. The Province is believed to » Advancement of a Tahltan-based licenced hunting permit system support between 120,000 and 160,000 black bears for grizzly bear, black bear, and wolf (BC Government, 2001). Tahltan knowledge and The first step to manage predators–specifically grizzly bear, black bear, and wolf–will local knowledge have indicated increased numbers of be through the support of Tahltan Members by harvesting and trapping for cultural black bears over the last 10 years. Historically, there purposes consistent with Aboriginal law. has been a low-licensed harvest of black bears with 23 to 30 annually. However, current hunting regulations This will be further addressed by the Tahltan Wildlife Department and Guardians have open seasons from spring to fall for bears deploying harvesting and trapping programs and working with commercial trappers with a bag limit of two. Consequently, there are no and licensed hunters in the Nation. conservation issues with black bears in the Territory.
Wolf
Tahltan knowledge, scientific literature and local knowledge provide information that supports high density wolf populations. Tahltan Territory is identified as having high wolf density in the provincial Wolf Management Plan. High density includes population densities of five to fifteen wolf per 1,000 km². Review of wolf densities specific to the Tahltan Nation estimates wolf densities at 15 wolves/1,000 km², consistent with provincial information. Recent wolf harvests have, on average, been 64 wolves through licensed hunting and The final approach is re-establishing a managed licensed hunt of grizzly bear as well 145 wolves through commercial trapping. These are as predator removal through TCG trapping, snaring, and culling programs, including considered minimums since they do not include Tahltan aerial wolf pack removal, pupping, and denning techniques. harvests and hides not commercially sold.
Tahltan knowledge supports higher-than-reported wolf Above: A wolf pack traveling down Jade Boulder Rd, captured on a camera trap set densities, and Tahltan Members have reported higher by the Guardians. densities, pack sizes and numbers for several decades.
13 14 TAHLTAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT – FISH & WILDLIFE NEWSLETTER 2020 TAHLTAN HARVEST POLICY
Below: Jarett Quock with his successful bear harvest. Tahltan Harvest Policy
Tahltan Members who wish to participate in the incentive payment program for hunting predatory species must sign a form acknowledging the risks and associated liability associated with the activity.
A copy of the policy will be provided to you with the information including the incentives for successfully harvesting a predator. All the information is required by the TCG Wildlife Department. Additional information such as weight, overall health and size will be valuable and is much appreciated. This information will be requested by the Guardians and used to supplement our strategy for targeting specific areas of concern within the Territory.
Anyone who wants to take their hide to a tannery within BC should receive confirmation the tannery will accept grizzly bear hides. Grizzly bears harvested under the Tahltan Policy will be given consideration on a case- by-case basis until we can implement a Tahltan/BC Wildlife Accord with the Province of BC. The export permit required legally to transport animal hides or animal products is not currently being issued from the Province since the grizzly bear hunting ban was implemented in 2018.
If you want to transport to a tannery outside of BC, please contact the TCG Wildlife Department for additional details.
Right: Jarett Quock salting a bear hide.
“Anyone who wants to take their hide to a tannery within BC should receive confirmation the tannery will accept grizzly bear hides. Grizzly bears harvested under the Tahltan Policy will be given consideration on a case-by- case basis until we can implement a Tahltan/BC Wildlife Accord with the Province of BC.”
15 16 TAHLTAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT – FISH & WILDLIFE NEWSLETTER 2020 TAHLTAN HARVEST POLICY – SUCCESSFUL BEAR HARVESTS BY TAHLTANS
SUCCESSFUL BEAR HARVESTS BY TAHLTANS
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1/2. Ann Ball 3. Clements Brace 4/5. Jordan Hawkins 6/7. Mackenzie Dennis 8. Denise Nole 9. Kamaria Dennis 1 2 3 10. Terri-Lynn Mroch 11. Daniel Ball 12/13. Kelso Marion
10 11
4 5
6 7 12 13
17 18 TAHLTAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT – FISH & WILDLIFE NEWSLETTER 2020 TGOA MESSAGE – 3NBC FORUM UPDATE
MOVING TOWARD SHARED MANAGEMENT OF WILDLIFE Tahltan Guide & Outfitters 3 Nations & British Columbia Association Message Collaborative Stewardship For those who do not know me, my name is Shana Dennis. Forum I am a member of the Tahltan Nation from the Quock Update Family. My grandparents are Bobby and Gladys Quock, and Fletcher and Doreen Day. I have been President of Feddie Louie and Linda Robertson the Tahltan Guide & Outfitters Association (TGOA) since February 2020 and a Board Director for the Guide Outfitters Currently the 3 Nations Society and Government of British Columbia Association of BC (GOABC). are in the final year of a three-year Collaborative Stewardship Forum
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a tremendously negative pilot project. The 3NBC Forum, comprised of members from BC, Taku impact on our industry and created trying times for a lot of River Tlingit, Tahltan, Kaska, and the 3 Nations Society is focused on outfitters throughout BC and the world. The TGOA worked hard on a COVID-19 plan that was approved by Tahltan moving toward shared management of wildlife. Work on securing Leadership and would have been implemented by all TGOA an additional mandate to advance co-management on wildlife in the member outfitters in the area had we been able to hunt. Unfortunately, hunting did not happen this year, so we are collective territories is being sought with each of the governments hoping for a better 2020-2021 season. The local frontline involved in the program. workers and community emergency committees have done an amazing job ensuring the safety of community members through travel advisories and education. We acknowledge a job well done through these unfamiliar times. A key component of the relationship is the support of Also, through the 3NBC Forum, specific Guardian- each Nation’s Guardian Program. The 3NBC Forum led projects important to each Nation are occurring. The recent implementation of the Tahltan Nation Predator continues to support each Nation’s Guardian Program These include moose surveys of the Klappan and Management Policy by the Tahltan Central Government is with continued coordination in on-the-ground Liard Basin (in December 2020), sheep surveys in a positive step in ensuring the future of wildlife in Northern monitoring of licensed hunters and recreational the Atlin area (planned in winter of 2021), Edziza Shana Dennis BC. They are applauded for taking this bold step. land users in the collective territories. Coordination, mountain goat surveys (in the winter of 2021), President, Tahltan Guide & monitoring and capacity development between and ecosystem monitoring (in 2021). Outfitters Association The TGOA is pleased to announce Chief Rick McLean as programs is being done through the work of the the winner of the Fletcher Day Award for 2020. Chief Rick 3 Nations Guardian Coordinator, Tanya Ball. This has Collectively the 3 Nations and BC are also supporting the is recognized for his many years of dedication and support included supporting additional employment for collaborative development of community-based moose for being a wildlife advocate within Tahltan Territory. He seasonal Guardians, continued training, and exchange management plans for the Atlin, Klappan, and Liard Basin was one of the founders of TGOA and the Tahltan Wildlife trips between Nation Guardian Programs. There is moose populations in 2020. Further information on how Guardian Program we see today. Rick continues to be an additional focus on information gathering to inform you can be involved will be provided soon. advocate, and we would like to congratulate him on being the development of community-based moose selected to sit on the provincial government’s Minister’s management plans. Wildlife Advisory Council established in September 2020. We extend our congratulations as well on his wedding and Mēduh for his years of service as Chief of the Tahltan Band. His work and legacy will live on and have positive impacts for generations to come.
“The local frontline workers and community emergency committees have done an amazing job ensuring the safety of community members through travel advisories and education. We acknowledge a job well done through these unfamiliar times.”
19 20 TAHLTAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT – FISH & WILDLIFE NEWSLETTER 2020 JADE BOULDER SHEEP PROJECT
To date, key findings have included identifying important seasonal ranges (i.e. winter, lambing, and summer JADE BOULDER ranges), key movement corridors and timing of JBR crossing by sheep in June/July and again in August/ September. It also suggests there is a threshold of SHEEP PROJECT traffic volumes that may influence sheep behaviour, and fecal cortisol stress indicators also indicate that at current traffic levels, sheep are at heightened stress when crossing the JBR. Mortality was found to be a combination of predation and accidents, with some years having much greater mortality than others.
THE RESULTS FROM THIS STUDY WILL BE USED TO ENHANCE SHEEP MANAGEMENT BY:
protecting key habitats and movement corridors for the JBR population
developing management strategies to regulate and mitigate use of access roads, including the JBR, to limit stress on sheep
protecting special features, such as significant mineral licks, which have been identified as important to these sheep
Above: Clements Brace The Jade Boulder Sheep Project was It also serves to promote community stewardship THE PROJECT IS EXPECTED TO HAVE collecting samples with ADDITIONAL RESULTS THAT MAY BE a Stone sheep seen in initiated in February 2017 to evaluate of the sheep, a joint effort between TGOA and TCG the background. with funding from several sources including the Wild USED FOR MANAGEMENT OF OTHER the seasonal habitat use, mortality Sheep Foundation and support from the Ministry of SHEEP POPULATIONS: Below-right: Sheep monitoring collar. factors and interactions of Stone’s Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development. The importance of understanding the developing habitat maps for identifying key sheep with the Jade Boulder Road population was initiated from traditional knowledge sheep habitat in other areas (JBR) during seasonal movements. reports of a seasonal movement across an active industrial road, which made the sheep vulnerable developing the use of fecal pellet groups to predation or other stresses when encountering for monitoring population influence from traffic. This movement was also evidenced from past human activity sheep inventory which identified a significant shift in distribution of sheep from the south to north side of identifying key micro and macro nutrients the road in summer. that enhance habitat value
The project included collaring and monitoring of ten identifying a series of management actions Top: Jarett Quock locating Stone’s sheep ewes, evaluating mortality, inventorying to reduce impacts from roads and other Stone sheep collars. the population, assessing habitat use and forage human developments in sheep range areas quality, and monitoring traffic and sheep stress along Above: Brianna Tashoots scanning for Stone sheep. the JBR. This effort was associated with a health and physiology study conducted to assess the sheep. The project was conducted over three years and the final data are being collected this fall, with analysis and reporting well under way.
21 22 TAHLTAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT – FISH & WILDLIFE NEWSLETTER 2020 TSENEGLODE CARIBOU UPDATE
E # # U # THE TCG STARTED A STUDY IN 2019 L B
T #
WITH THE TAHLTAN GUARDIANS TO: E # S # Úð # ÚðÚðÚð L ÚðÚð #
TSENEGLODE I Úð collect information on the herd’s movements, Úð Cassiar # N Úð # Úð ÚðÚðÚðÚð ÚðÚð # seasonal range use, and population ÚðÚð ÚðÚð ÚðÚðÚð Úð Úð ÚðÚðÚðÚð # Úð ÚðÚð ÚðÚðÚð E ÚðÚðÚð R ÚðÚð Úð S Úð ÚðÚðÚð ÚðÚðÚðÚðÚð A # ÚðÚð Úð ÚðÚðÚðÚð ÚðÚð D E ÚðÚð Úð ÚðÚðÚðÚð Úð ÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚð ÚðÚð # ÚðÚð ÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚð CARIBOU UPDATE ÚðÚðÚð ÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚð Úð ÚðÚðÚðÚðÚð ÚðÚð ÚðÚð ÚðÚðÚðÚð ÚðÚðÚðÚð ÚðÚðÚð engage with the communities, Elders, and ÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚð # ÚðÚðÚð # Úð ÚðÚð Úð # Úð Úð Úð # Úð # Youth on caribou and climate changes both Úð # Úð R # N Úð # E # R Úð # V # historic and current Úð Úð Úð Úð I # E
Úð R # V Úð # ÚðÚð # I ÚðÚð ÚðÚðÚðÚð ## ÚðÚðÚð Úð R Úð ÚðÚð ÚðÚðÚðÚð # collaboratively develop climate change and Úð ÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚð ÚðÚð Úð Úð ÚðÚð ÚðÚðÚðÚðÚð Úð ÚðÚð Úð ÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚð ÚðÚð Dease Úð ÚðÚð Úð ÚðÚðÚðÚð Úð N ÚðÚðÚðÚð ÚðÚð ÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚð # ÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚð ÚðÚð ÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚð ## ÚðÚð ÚðÚðÚð ÚðÚð ÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚð # #### I caribou management strategies ÚðÚð ÚðÚð Úð ÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚð Úð L ##### ÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚð ÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚð ake # # ÚðÚðÚðÚðÚð ÚðÚð Úð ÚðÚðÚð ### ## # A ÚðÚð Úð ÚðÚð #### #### Úð ÚðÚð ÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚð ÚðÚðÚð ##### # # G ÚðÚð ÚðÚðÚð ÚðÚð ÚðÚð ### # ÚðÚðÚð ÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚð # # A ÚðÚðÚðÚð Úð Úð ÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚð ##### # # ÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚð Úð ÚðÚðÚðÚðÚð ### ## N ÚðÚðÚð ÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚð #### # Úð ÚðÚðÚðÚð Úð #### ## R ÚðÚð A ####### ÚðÚðÚðÚðÚð Úð ### # ##### U ÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚðÚð ############# # T Úð ÚðÚð Y # ##### # ÚðÚðÚðÚð ÚðÚðÚð ################# # # ÚðÚðÚð ÚðÚðÚð # ########### ## Úð ÚðÚðÚð ########## # # Úð Úð U ## ########### ÚðÚðÚð ##### ### # In April of 2019, ten caribou were captured, collared, and ÚðÚð # ##################### T ################ ## # ############# #### Úð # ## # ########### # ## ## ## ##### ### # #### ## ### ###### # # #### their body condition was measured by the Guardians # ## # ## ## # # #### ### # ### # # ## ### # ## #### # #### ## # ## # #### # ### # R ########## (Clements Brace), and monitored by the Wildlife ########## ######## I # ## ####### V ## ## Department. A video was made by TCG Communication E E ### N R Department (Adam Amir, Communications Coordinator) I Telegraph profiling the capture. It is available on the TCG website Creek I MOUNT Iskut at tahltan.org/videos Map 1.
In 2020, with advancement of the Tahltan Indigenous TAHLTAN STEWARDSHIP Protected and Conserved Areas initiative and TCG’s INITIATIVE – WILDLIFE PROJECTS engagement in the 3 Nations BC Collaborative LOCATIONS & MOVEMENTS Stewardship Forum, additional collars and seasonal monitoring were added to expand the study. 18 LEVEL MOUNTAIN CARIBOU
Currently five of the ten collared caribou are still active 20 TSENEGLODE CARIBOU (Map 1), one collar dropped off a caribou, and the Northern Mountain Population (NMP) Woodland Caribou Tahltans have traditionally managed these herds remaining four caribou were predated. The collared 10 TSENEGLODE CARIBOU are currently designated as “Special Concern” under the through our knowledge and understanding of the caribou are mostly moving within the Gnat Pass/Dome historic seasonal ranges, movement periods and Mountain areas south and east of Dease Lake. In July federal Species at Risk Act. In Tahltan Territory there are corridors, and changes in range use over time. 2020, the Tahltan Guardians and Wildlife Department seven herds of this population status, all with importance However, Tahltan citizens are expressing concern conducted a post-calving survey and observed about the apparent changes to seasonal range and 365 caribou with 261 cows, 72 calves, and 33 bulls to the Nation for traditional uses and sustenance needs. movements by caribou herds over the last ten years, classified. Surveys will continue for the herd with post which are not consistent with traditional knowledge. rut, and late winter surveys planned this winter. JULY 2020 POST-CALVING SURVEY RESULTS Right: Health kits for taking samples during Tahltan citizens have observed climate change In October and November 2020, an caribou collaring. impacts on the Territory for years and are starting to additional twenty collars were deployed express concerns regarding how these changes will affect the wildlife, traditional uses, and sustenance in partnership with BC to collect 33 261 TOTAL BULLS TOTAL COWS harvesting. Caribou are one of the most important additional information on the herd. food sources for the Tahltan Nation, in addition to moose and salmon. Among the different caribou herds Community engagement is being planned for 72 in the Territory, the Tseneglode herd is one of the winter 2020-21, pending COVID-19 restrictions, to TOTAL CALVES most culturally important herds utilized by the Nation. discuss caribou management and climate change. The herd is part of the local breadbasket for Tahltans A population survey is also planned for the winter of living in the area. Though we have limited scientific 2021. Other related caribou management plans will population data on the Tseneglode herd, we do have be discussed this winter. strong traditional and historic knowledge. There is also good knowledge of the encroachment of human disturbance in the herd’s seasonal ranges.
23 24 CARIBOU & WOLF COLLARING PROJECTS – CARIBOU SURVEY PROGRAM
Below: Collaring a cow caribou on Level Mountain.
Caribou Survey Program
As part of the Tahltan IPCA, the Wildlife Department acquired funds to monitor the Level Mountain-Kawdy Plateau, Tseneglode, and Edziza caribou herds through seasonal calf survival surveys, GPS collars, and population surveys.
The deployment of 40 collars for the herds was delayed in March 2020, due to COVID-19 concerns, and occurred instead during late October/early November 2020. If necessary, depending on the CARIBOU & WOLF mortality rate or number of failed collars, additional collars may be deployed in early April 2021. COLLARING PROJECTS Additional information on the herds will be collected by aerial surveys post-calving (June), rut (October), and late winter. The surveys will use the collared caribou data to locate the animals, and the groups they are found with, to record population demographics such as bulls, Above: Net gunning We have limited current information on the population ability to ensure land use management strategies and cows, and calves. Conducting surveys across caribou for collaring. demographics, seasonal range use, and habitat selection conservation areas are addressing habitat needs, critical seasons will provide estimates of survival rates, Bottom-right: Level of the Level Mountain-Kawdy Plateau, Tseneglode, and habitats, movement corridors, and seasonal ranges, reproduction, population counts, and seasonal Mountain Caribou. Edziza caribou herds. We are also limited in data on considering climate changes and human activities. habitat use. Post-calving surveys were conducted movements between herds, predation rates, and changes for the Edziza and Tseneglode herds in July 2020. in herd distribution over the last 10-20 years. Two of the Under the umbrella of the Tahltan Stewardship Initiative three herds are found in areas spiritually and culturally (TSI), we are establishing Tahltan Indigenous Protected Post-rut surveys were conducted for all three important to Tahltan. One of the populations is declining and Conserved Areas (IPCA), which will include developing herds in October 2020, followed by late winter and two of the herds are in areas heavily impacted by management direction, zoning, and conservation goals for surveys in March 2021. These will continue mineral development and licenced hunting/access. caribou herds. Importantly, information is needed to create during the three-year project. an updated understanding of each caribou herd on Tahltan Tahltan knowledge, community knowledge, and Territory and their relationship with wolves to support the Tahltan Guide Outfitter knowledge are robust data advancement of IPCA. sources to support management, land use, and conservation planning. Climate change is occurring in the North, with documented changes in temperature, precipitation, and natural disturbance events.
Current knowledge sources indicate declining caribou population numbers and changes in seasonal ranges, due to the increasing effects of climate change, predation, and range disturbance from wildfires. Human activities are potentially influencing caribou range use and populations today.
Limited knowledge of wolf numbers, pack sizes and movements, and the predation rate on culturally- important ungulates, such as caribou and moose, are affecting Tahltan management abilities to ensure sustenance needs are met. It is also affecting our
25 26 CARIBOU & WOLF COLLARING PROJECTS – WOLF MONITORING PROGRAM CARIBOU & WOLF COLLARING PROJECTS – WOLF SURVEY PROGRAM
TAHLTAN STEWARDSHIP INITIATIVE – WILDLIFE PROJECTS LOCATIONS & MOVEMENTS ; ;;; WOLF ; ;;;; ; ; ; ;; ; ;; ; ;; ; ;; Map 2. ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ;
Wolf Monitoring Program
IN YEAR ONE (2020), YEARS TWO AND THE FOCUS IS ON: THREE WILL FOCUS ON:
Deploying 15 collars on wolves. Continued monitoring of collared wolves. Monitoring movements and, where feasible, predation Continued Guardian sites, in relation to ongoing engagement and capacity wildlife initiatives. development through the land programs, field work, and Collecting and reviewing community engagement. historic and current scientific and Tahltan knowledge on the Depending on mortalities of climate and wolves. collared animals and availability of further funding, additional Guardian engagement with collars may be deployed. Youth, Elders, and local school programs to share information on the project and seek input for the second and third year of the project.
Collaring a wolf from a pack traveling over Snow Peak.
27 28 KLAPPAN MOOSE – CLASSIFICATION SURVEY & STEWARDSHIP PLAN
The Guardians and the Wildlife Department Klappan Moose conducted a helicopter survey in early December of 2019, which observed: Ȗ 351 Moose Klappan Moose The Klappan is a sacred area to Tahltan, with a high density of ancient, traditional, and current Stewardship Plan dwellings, camps, sites, trails, harvesting and 94 157 The 3 Nations BC CSF agreed it is important gathering areas. It is an area important for Tahltan BULLS COWS for all involved to create a moose stewardship plan for the Klappan that meets the needs of the Members to meet their cultural and sustenance communities, Nations, and BC. The management 46 + 4 objectives and strategies need to be based on needs throughout the year. CLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED CALVES CALVES indigenous, local, and scientific knowledge The area is also used by licensed hunters, primarily for moose hunting, (western science and each Nation’s knowledge), who have accessed it via the rail grade traversing the length of the • 44 groups of cows with a single calf, and one group traditional practices, and laws. region. of cows with twin calves For the Tahltan, the Klappan was identified The Klappan has a history of conflict over land use practices, from • A bull ratio of 46.5 ± 9.6 (90% CI) bulls/100 cows for a moose population pilot, working with overlapping and at times competing uses between the Nation and with a sample size of 296 and a precision level of TCG, communities, BC and the 3 Nations licensed hunters. There have also been concerns over and differing 20.5 % (90% confidence interval) on setting Tahltan management priorities, views of the moose population numbers. developing a plan that meets the needs and • A calf ratio of 25.2 ± 6.5 (90% CI) calves/100 cows supports decision-making for all involved. The BC Government and TCG have worked together on the Klappan Plan, with a sample size of 253 and a precision level of associated land uses, moose numbers, and hunting issues. In 2018 25.8 % (90% confidence interval) This plan is being delivered through the Tahltan- they established two Limited Entry Hunting (LEH) seasons to address BC Fish and Wildlife Working Group under the concerns about the sustainability of the moose harvest and to avoid Government-to-Government Agreement. overcrowding by distributing hunters over time and space. With the communities, TCG, 3 Nations, and BC, we are developing a plan that works toward: In 2017, the Klappan Decision-Making and Management Board Additional wildlife viewed in the study area included: (KDMB), a joint decision-making body of the Province and Tahltan 1 . Population, habitat, harvest, and land representatives, was established for the area. In 2018, the KDMB use management objectives consistent endorsed the licensed hunting regulation changes for the Klappan. 2 17 with provincial and Tahltan moose WOODLAND CARIBOU STONE’S SHEEP (Rangifer tarandus caribou) (Ovis dalli stonei) management approaches. The Tahltan Nation is a member of the 3 Nations Society and was involved in the 3NBC Collaborative Stewardship Forum (CSF), a three- 2 . A moose stewardship plan based on Tahltan, year initiative. The project supports the goals and broad objectives local and scientific sources of knowledge. of the 3 Nations Leadership and 3NBC CSF, including collecting 4 2 MOUNTAIN GOATS WOLVES information to monitor the effectiveness of hunting regulations and (Oreamnos americanus) (Canis lupus) 3 . A moose stewardship plan consistent with other wildlife management information needs. moose management direction from Tahltan land use plans and conservation initiatives, Klappan Decision-Making and Management 2 5 Board, and legal higher-level plan objectives. WOLVERINES ELK (Gulo gulo) (Cervus elaphus) Klappan Moose 4 . Community-based review and approval process for Tahltan. Classification Survey Another survey is planned for December 2020, flying similar areas in the Klappan for further comparisons As part of the CSF, in 2019 the Wildlife Department acquired funds on the status of the moose population. Results will be to conduct an early winter moose count in the Klappan, collecting provided to the Tahltan communities and leadership information on the numbers of bulls, cows, and calves just after the as well as the KDMB for further consideration on the hunting season and after rut. LEH hunting seasons and other management items.
29 30 TAHLTAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT – FISH & WILDLIFE NEWSLETTER 2020 GUARDIANS TRAINING
Guardians Training
MOTORIZED SWIFTWATER RESCUE BOAT OPERATOR This course provides comprehensive hands-on- SWIFT WATER RESCUE & JET BOAT training for rescue boat operators responding to incidents on moving water. It is designed to develop OPERATOR RESCUE TRAINING a sense of confidence and the necessary skills to operate watercraft at speed in fast-moving water in rivers or flood situations, and to perform rescues This past July, the Guardians were able to bring a from a watercraft. raven rescue instructor to the Territory to provide situational training for travelling and working on The Guardians received a Rescue 3 International and around fast-flowing water, with emphasis on certification, recognized worldwide as certified identifying risks, self-rescue techniques and various training for incidents in moving water and providing options for rescuing others. value in mutual aid situations.
The Guardians were also encouraged to have situational awareness and knowledge of the decision-making process required to choose the most appropriate rescue approach. Over the course of four days, they were taught swift water dynamics, throw bagging, hand signals, shallow water crossings, and rescue swimming, with rope knots, ties, and tensioning techniques.
31 32 TAHLTAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT – FISH & WILDLIFE NEWSLETTER 2020 GUARDIANS TRAINING
Below: Jamie Henyu setting a grizzly bear snare. GUARDIANS SUMMER PREDATOR REMOVAL TECHNIQUES
The Wildlife Department is transitioning to the next phase of implementing the Tahltan Predator Management Plan. The first phase included specific trapping techniques and a predator training plan summer session.
Jarett Quock, Clements Brace, Brianna Tashoots, Richard Louie, Thorton Louie, Jamie Henyu and Francis Quock participated in five days of extensive training. The first two days included a wolf capture refresh and one day of classroom recap of the wolf capture system. It was followed by a second day outside demonstrating summer methodology and student practice. The third day featured a bear capture course, including classroom instruction and a controlled demonstration of the mechanics behind the capturing methods. The next days took the Guardians outside for practical instruction, demonstration, and practice. The final day saw the Guardians set a live set bear snare at 30 Mile Culture Camp to remove a problem animal.
The course closed with an overall review of bear capture procedures including outdoor scenarios for students (in teams) to demonstrate proper methods and tactics for creating different types of sets and operating safely.
Top-right: Wolf capture system demonstration.
Right: Classroom snaring instruction as part of the bear capture course.
33 34 TAHLTAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT – FISH & WILDLIFE NEWSLETTER 2020 TAHLTAN-BC G2G FISH & WILDLIFE WORKING GROUP
SHARED DECISION-MAKING AGREEMENT Tahltan-BC Government-to-Government Fish & Wildlife Working Group
The Government-to-Government (G2G) Fish and Wildlife Working Group (FWWG) is an outcome of the Shared The key areas of interest are: Decision-Making Agreement between the TCG and the • Identifying priorities to support funding Government of British Columbia. It is composed of BC opportunities under the 3N BC CSF representatives from the Skeena Region, and Tahltan • Information Sharing: working on how to share information between governments and protect representatives from the TCG, Tahltan Band and Iskut Band. sensitive information from being misused • Linkages to other initiatives such as 3Nations The FWWG supports the Tahltan BC G2G and TGOA projects Forum. Its main roles are: • Guardians Program Ȗ Provide shared recommendations to the G2G • Tahltan Wildlife Policy Forum on fish and wildlife matters • Predator Management Ȗ Respond to the G2G Forum direction and queries • Inventories and hunting regulations to support harvest management Ȗ Respond to wildlife initiatives from the • Fisheries including Steelhead Working Group Province and/or Tahltan on the Iskut River Ȗ Complete an annual workplan with priorities • Habitat Management and Protection and submit it to the G2G Forum for approval • Support for cultural activities – trapping promotion and culture camps Ȗ Provide regular updates to the G2G Forum • Moose Management Planning – Klappan, Spatsizi, Lower Stikine and Liard Basin are priorities for Ȗ Respond to fish and wildlife specific Shared population-specific plans Engagement Records to BC The FWWG is currently involved in the Klappan Moose Stewardship Plan process and is developing a draft Annual workplans are completed each spring plan outline and community engagement strategies. and provided to the co-chairs of the G2G Forum. It will be seeking community direction to help develop Workplans outline the priorities and interests to a plan that includes: work towards completion each fiscal year. • Population, habitat, harvest, and land use management objectives consistent with provincial and Tahltan moose management approaches
• A moose stewardship plan based on Tahltan, local and scientific sources of knowledge
• A moose stewardship plan consistent with moose management direction from Tahltan land use plans and conservation initiatives, Klappan Decision-Making and Management Board, and legal higher-level plan objectives Above: Grizzlies feeding on sockeye in Johnny Tashoots Creek, just below weir • Community-based review and approval process spillway, at Tahltan Lake. for Tahltan.
35 36 TAHLTAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT – FISH & WILDLIFE NEWSLETTER 2020 SECTION TITLE
A hunting view submitted by Nathan Nole. SUCCESSFUL HUNTS & FISHING BY TAHLTANS
37 38 TAHLTAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT – FISH & WILDLIFE NEWSLETTER 2020 SUCCESSFUL HUNTS & FISHING BY TAHLTANS
BRIANNA ELLIOTT TASHOOTS BROWN
My name is Elliott H. Brown. I caught this brook trout with my dog, Igor, at Alan Lake with a Mepp's Black Fury Spinner on September 26, 2020.
FEDDIE LOUIE DORIAN QUOCK
Damian Bolan, Dorian Quock, Raegan Bolan. First catch of the year for Damian and Raegan, Summer 2020.
39 40 TAHLTAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT – FISH & WILDLIFE NEWSLETTER 2020 SUCCESSFUL HUNTS & FISHING BY TAHLTANS
JORDAN HAWKINS, DENNIS QUOCK & KHRISTOPHER DAY JACK CARLICK & FRANK TASHOOTS
These are from our annual Father/Son sheep hunt. We look forward to going out into the mountains every year and spending quality time together.
The top picture is my son, Frank Tashoots, from September 2019. The bottom picture is of me, Jack Carlick, from this year, September 2020.
Above: Dennis Quock, Jordan Hawkins, Amanda Quash, Khristopher Day. The elk was Jordan and Dennis' hunt.
Right: Jordan Hawkins, Khristopher Day, Dennis Quock. Left goat, Jordan Hawkins. Right goat, Khristopher Day.
PAUL LOUIE
41 42 TAHLTAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT – FISH & WILDLIFE NEWSLETTER 2020 SUCCESSFUL HUNTS & FISHING BY TAHLTANS
NATHAN ANDREW NOLE REIMERT
Right and below: Harvested on September 24th, 2020, Andrew Riemert (right) pictured with his with Shelby Marion and Jordana Dennis, this nice successful hunt and Uncle Rick McLean (left). mature bull will feed six families and five Elders.
Lower-right: I was sitting on the mountainside with Justin Creyke, calling and glassing for moose, when this old wolverine came up behind us. Gonna make a nice rug.
SHAYL REG & KEVIN Reggie Etzerza (left/middle) and his brother Kevin Etzerza (right). NOLE ETZERZA
43 44 TAHLTAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT – FISH & WILDLIFE NEWSLETTER 2020 SECTION TITLE
SHANA & FLETCHER DENNIS
Right: My first successful elk hunt this Fall. I believe I am the first Tahltan female hunter to have a successful hunt. Fletcher and my husband, Shaun Dennis, were with me. They are amazing hunting companions.
Middle-left: Fishing on the Stikine River for Sockeye. Summer 2020. Fletcher, Jay, and Shaun Dennis.
Middle-right: Six year old Fletcher learning to skin a moose this fall. He enjoys doing this and learning from his dad and uncles.
Bottom-left: Whitefish caught by net on Dease Lake. Summer 2020. Shane Quock and Fletcher.
Bottom-right: Our first successful moose hunt this Fall. It fed more than two Tahltan families.
Fletcher, this Fall, with his first porcupine kill. Fletcher is the grandson of Rudy and Linda Day, and June and Cliff Dennis. He was super excited. He helped his dad with the gutting and scorching of the porcupine, as they prepared the meat for gifting to Elders.
45 46 TAHLTAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT – FISH & WILDLIFE NEWSLETTER 2020 SECTION TITLE
FISHERIES DEPARTMENT Staff Messages & Ongoing Projects
49 – Fisheries Director’s Message
51 – Fisheries Guardian Update
53 – Fisheries Project Overview Map
55 – The Stikine River Salmon Studies – Biological Contract
59 – Fisheries Projects
67 – Fisheries-related Indigenous Protected & Conservation Areas (IPCA) Projects
69 – DFO Real Properties – Facility Upgrades
70 – Tahltan Lake Egg Take (1989-2020)
71 – Memorial Monument of Tahltan Lake
72 – Northern Fund 2020
73 – Fisheries Staff Bios
47 48 TAHLTAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT – FISH & WILDLIFE NEWSLETTER 2020 FISHERIES DIRECTOR’S MESSAGE
Although the work we do is conducted in remote “We are the unspoken voice for our salmon locations, we were not immune to the effects of this global pandemic we are all adjusting to and living and our freshwater fish species, and they in. Crew safety was the number one priority this need our conservation and protection now year. Projects were modified in delivery to ensure the health and safety of all field staff and to reduce more than ever. ” and/or eliminate any chances of infection both in Cheri Frocklage transit and on the job sites. We extend our gratitude Post season meetings commence in November,
Fisheries Director to the Dease Lake EMC staff for their leadership which will kick off the first of many discussions and implementation of Tahltan Territory COVID-19 throughout the winter that Kerry and I will be attending. protocols, which provided the fundamental tools These include the annual Transboundary Technical As Mehn ten tsedle (small lakes freeze month, necessary to ensure the health and safety of staff Committee, Enhancement Sub-Committee, Stikine October) has come to a close, I hope this update finds members throughout the field season. River Salmon Advisory Committee, TFN Leadership my fellow Tahltan Members healthy, happy and well /Fisheries and Oceans Canada G2G meetings, as prepared for the long winter months ahead. This was by far the most unpredictable management well as the January and February Pacific Salmon season of my career. Despite the hurdles, the planning, Commission Transboundary Rivers Panel sessions. Since assuming my new position as the Tahltan re-planning, and in some cases, inevitable cancellation We are currently in the process of scheduling a Central Government’s Fisheries Director in April, I have of projects, we remained positive, soldiering through, meeting for a full presentation to the TCG Executive received so much support and encouragement from and providing the site expertise needed to count and in mid-November. Before we know it, the pre-season s
’ my fellow TCG Directors and the Executive Team. sample these important stocks. meetings will be upon us and planning for the 2021 Mēduh to you all for sharing your knowledge and field season will be underway. guidance as I navigated this new realm of fisheries In addition to the health concerns, management. It has been a very steep learning curve, we experienced heavy rains and In closing, I would like to thank you, the Nation’s and I am embracing the changes and the exciting new Members, for putting your trust in me to represent opportunities presented. prolonged highwater conditions our fisheries interests at the table. I will continue throughout the fishing season, as well to strive to fulfill this obligation to the best of my The 2020 field season is officially abilities. We are the unspoken voice for our salmon Below: The crews daily as later run timing with the Tahltan race across Tahltan Lake to complete, remote field camps are and our freshwater fish species, and they need our be the first on site to check Lake sockeye migration. Our staff conservation and protection now more than ever. on net pens and shelter. closed for the winter, and the Tahltan persevered through the long days, Fisheries Department staff have all waiting for late arrivals of salmon to returned home to their families and their spawning grounds. It is not an loved ones. On that note, I wish to easy task to keep morale up in remote extend my deepest gratitude to my camps when the fish arrive so late and staff for their ongoing dedication and I commend you for your patience. contributions to the management of the Stikine River salmon resources. It is We are currently working on our post-season reporting requirements and proposal submissions, and it goes
Message you, the hardworking men and women without saying, there is rarely any down time, even in the on my field staff, who have made the off-season. We will be investigating and developing a comprehensive training package for our staff and will be Fisheries Department successful in seeking new hires for the 2021 field season. We encourage our endeavours. those interested in working in the Fisheries Department to watch for these upcoming training opportunities. I am so fortunate to have Fisheries Manager Kerry Carlick on our team to assist me with program Discussions have already started on activities that will delivery and day-to-day operations. I honestly do not be offered to our local schools in Dease Lake, Iskut, know how I would have pulled the season off without and Telegraph Creek and planning is underway. his involvement and leadership with staff, meeting With the uncertainty of a second wave of the pandemic, attendance, planning and logistics, and technical we opted not to run the classroom salmon incubators support. The level of skill and knowledge this young this year and are hopeful to bring this program back
FISHERIES man brings to the table is invaluable. in the fall of 2021.
Director
49 51 TAHLTAN CENTRALGOVERNMENT –FISH& WILDLIFE NEWSLETTER2020
FISHERIES Update closely with Conservation and Fisheries Officers. fisheries conservation and management, and to work is to grow and evolve with the dynamic nature of the public. The aim forthe Fisheries Guardian project relay any relevant fishing information or concerns to closure of the Tahltan River to salmon fishing, and to within the food fishing corridor, especially with the The position was key in monitoring fishing activities deliver theprogram. with MargaretAspreturningto position at Tahltan FishCamp, the returnofFisheriesGuardian The 2020 fishingseasonmarked Above: Telegraph Creek Fisheries Staff. and Margaret. Glenora aspartof the Stikine Stock Separation program. Right: RaïnaFeldman sampling at Back: Drew, Kerry Front: Noreen, Raïna
FISHERIES GUARDIANS UPDATE 52 S H E S L A Y
R I V DEASE
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R L
I LAKE
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T A
A H B L E T A ER
A V T RI T N LLA Y I Z R N C A I T
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TA IVER H L S N R TA TA N HL R TA IV E R S T IK K IN E R IV ER Fisheries Project TAHLTAN TAHLTAN SLIDE A LAKE
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I V V I – BIOLOGICAL CONTRACT R KLUACHON E E R IN LAKE IK CH T LOWER STIKINE CODED WIRE TAGGING UT S O ISKUT IN E RI VER EDDONTENAJON LOWER STIKINE COMMERCIAL SAMPLING T LAKE I 1 LOWER STIKINE SOCKEYE TEST FISHERY
TATOGGA 2 LOWER STIKINE ADULT CHINOOK TAGGING R LAKE
3 TAHLTAN LAKE SMOLTS R
KINASKAN K 4 LAKE L LITTLE TAHLTAN CHINOOK E A
P R E P IV A NATADESLEEN N R E T LAKE R 5 N TAHLTAN LAKE SOCKEYE ADULT ENUMERATION I I
V K I E
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S S 6 CATCH MONITORING & REPORTING C UD RIVER
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P O R C STIKINE RIVER AERIAL SURVEYS U L TUMEKA P IN LAKE E R IV E 8 TAHLTAN SLIDE R H 2020 ESCAPEMENTS A 9 DFO REAL PROPERTIES – FACILITY UPGRADES T
10 TAHLTAN LAKE EGG TAKE (1989-2020)
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11 MEMORIAL MONUMENT AT TAHLTAN LAKE I R K
I E SHAKES IS V T K UT I S R R I LAKE VE R R T
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R L E E R C V IV R T R KA A ISKU TE I TE G R I R V I E V R E
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WRANGELL ALASKA
53 54 TAHLTAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT – FISH & WILDLIFE NEWSLETTER 2020 THE STIKINE RIVER SALMON STUDIES – BIOLOGICAL CONTRACT
Below: DFO and TCGFD testing sonar on the Chutine River.
OUR TAHLTAN FISHERIES DEPARTMENT FIELD TECHNICIANS THE STIKINE RIVER WORK INCLUDES: Operating and maintaining adult and SALMON STUDIES juvenile collection devices including weirs, video and sonar systems, gee traps, beach – BIOLOGICAL CONTRACT seines and gill nets.
Recording, maintaining, storing, and transmitting daily computerized data.
Collecting biological information and samples such as size, scales, otoliths, and DNA in an order prescribed by the Project Authority.
Applying tags to adult and juvenile salmon.
The contract secured a total budget of $344,000 for the 2020 field season, but only a small portion of the budget was used this year. This contract typically supports 12 field positions from April to October. This year only two positions carried out work between July to September in response to COVID-19 concerns and protocols, which restricted travel and participation.
As the spring of 2020 approached, we found ourselves on The U.S. conducted the Coded Wire and Chinook Mark/ uncharted grounds with the onset of the global COVID-19 Recapture tagging programs with an exclusive Alaska LIST OF PROJECTS crew. DFO conducted the Tahltan Lake Smolt, and all pandemic, isolating in fear for the safety of ourselves and Lower Stikine projects, with an exclusive DFO staff. APRIL 21–MAY 20 WIRE our loved ones. This brought uncertainty on how to deliver Tahltan Fisheries Department field technicians did Lower Stikine Coded TAGGING RESULTS not deploy into the field until June, manning the Little (Alaska Department of Fish and Game) safe field projects during these unprecedented times. Tahltan Chinook Video Weir Enumeration (with funds Wire Tagging Weekly discussions with Fisheries & Oceans Canada (DFO) from the Pacific Salmon Treaty – Implementation Fund) and the Tahltan Lake Adult project being the sole project The Lower Stikine coded wire tagging (CWT) is a joint 32,340 resulted in a modified delivery of these annual projects. delivered under this contract. U.S. and Canada project involving the capture and CHINOOK tagging of juvenile (smolts) Chinook and Coho salmon Above: Crews employing a beach seine net to The scheduled projects – Chinook/Coho Juvenile This work involved listing, sampling, collecting, and on the lower reaches of the Stikine above the border 4,340 capture adult Coho on Coded Wire Tagging, Chinook Mark/Recapture, and reporting on the biological information of juvenile and with Alaska. Due to COVID-19 concerns and travel COHO the Craig River. Tahltan Lake Smolt Enumeration – were funded and adult Chinook, Sockeye and Coho salmon stocks at restrictions, DFO and the TCG Fisheries Department manned by alternate means to ensure the health various locations in the Stikine River watershed. did not participate in the field component of the project.
and safety of Tahltan Central Government Fisheries 2020 GOALS Department (TCGFD), DFO, and Alaska Department The data collected is used for both short-term and long- This year saw a small contingent of Alaska Department of Fish & Game (ADF&G) field staff conducting on- term evaluation and decision making. DFO biologists use of Fish and Game technicians and biologists (with 50,000 the-ground work during these uncertain times. the data to determine run status and provide information the approval of Canada) come upriver by jet boat to CHINOOK to fishery managers to assist them in their management perform the project using the DFO camp. From April of sustainable First Nation, recreational and commercial 21 to May 20, they were able to tag 32,340 Chinook fisheries. Data collected may also be used for post- and 4,340 Coho smolts, below the goals of 50,000 10,000 COHO season run reconstruction and may form part of the and 10,000, respectively. Higher water levels negatively long-standing data sets used for future analysis. impacted the crew’s ability to capture the smolts. Once the project was completed a professional cleaner was hired by ADF&G to sanitize the facilities, as a COVID precaution.
55 56 TAHLTAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT – FISH & WILDLIFE NEWSLETTER 2020 SECTION TITLE
Lower Stikine Commercial Sampling
The 2020 Commercial Sockeye and Coho Fisheries took place between June 21 and September 12. The commercial sampling of Sockeye and Coho is usually done jointly with DFO and the TCGFD having a technician sampling. To limit interactions between DFO and TCGFD staff, the sampling was done by DFO staff.
They collected the catches and data, which was relayed to a DFO Fisheries Manager to manage the duration of commercial fishing openings and achieve their management objectives regarding:
1 . Conservation: getting enough fish to their spawning grounds
Above: Scales being taken. 2 . Food, Social, and Ceremonial Needs (FSC) 3 . Commercial/Recreational Sectors
The objectives are listed in order of priority. Conservation needs are met first, followed by FSC needs, and then any allowable surplus is divided between the commercial and recreational sectors.
Lower Stikine Commercial Sampling
The Lower Stikine Sockeye Test Fishery is another tool for gaining more accurate information on the Sockeye runs of the Stikine, particularly between commercial fishery openings. The 2020 sampling program was delivered by DFO alone this year (usually a TCGFD tech is on the project as well). This year the test fishery caught 1,497 Sockeye. Above: Sampling Test Fishery catches.
Lower Stikine Adult Chinook Tagging
The Lower Stikine Adult Chinook Mark and Recapture project is a joint US-Canada initiative. It tags (marks) returning adult Chinook salmon on the Alaskan portion of the Stikine, which are then recaptured further up the rivers and streams. This re-capture event gives us run timing information and helps build population estimates. The 2020 field program was conducted from May 5 to July 10 by ADF&G and saw On a brisk and beautiful fall morning at Tahltan Lake, the TCGFD staff set out to complete their Sockeye a total of 229 large Chinook tagged. enhancement work. Pictures from back to front: Richard, Sheldon, Jared, and Drew (driving).
57 58 TAHLTAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT – FISH & WILDLIFE NEWSLETTER 2020 FISHERIES PROJECTS
FISHERIES PROJECTS LITTLE TAHLTAN CHINOOK MAY–SEPTEMBER
The Little Tahltan Chinook Enumeration Weir was LITTLE TAHLTAN CHINOOK ENUMERATION staffed by TCGFD technicians Sheldon Dennis and WEIR RESULTS Jared Dennis from June 30 to August 16. The early season high water initially delayed their ability to safely install the weir but once the water levels receded 398 some, they braved the elements to set the tripods LARGE CHINOOK and weir in preparation for the arrival of the returning Above: Sockeye smolts from Tahltan Lake. TAHLTAN LAKE SMOLTS adult Chinook salmon. In total, 398 large and 795 796 Credit: Kerry Carlick. jack Chinook salmon were counted through the weir JACK CHINOOK using a video camera monitoring system to reduce Sockeye Smolt Enumeration at Tahltan Lake was TAHLTAN LAKE SMOLT handling and stress of the returning spawners. ENUMERATION RESULTS operated exclusively by DFO personnel from May 13 (DFO Personnel) to June 9. Smolt traps were set in Johnny Tashoots Salmon migration continued into August Creek. It resulted in a count of 798,047 sockeye and, as the project approached the salmon smolts leaving the lake, well below the 798,047 10-year average of 1.6 million. Preliminary results SOCKEYE completion date, the numbers of fish from 2020 otolith sampling showed 72% enhanced <10-YEAR AVERAGE OF arriving appeared to remain significant. and 28% wild smolt composition. 1.6m Managers are working hard to keep Top-left: Jared and Sheldon. Following discussions with DFO, TCGFD extended the weir operations by four days. The Little Tahltan stock within the 50-50 guidelines, as set out Top-right: Sheldon setting up 2020 OTOLITH SAMPLING weir with an onlooking visitor. has seen declining returns since 2007. The historical in the Pacific Salmon Treaty. PRELIMINARY RESULTS optimum escapement for this system is 3,300, per the Above: Sheldon setting up Transboundary Technical Committee Management video counter. In response to the poor wild sockeye smolt survivals in Plan. There is no Scientifically Agreed Biological recent years, recommendations of the Enhancement 72% Escapement Goal (BEG) for this stock. ENHANCED Sub-Committee of the Transboundary Technical Committee (TTC) supported a reduced egg take target. The system wide escapement goal was not met. A 28% total of 13,400 returning Chinook to the entire Stikine WILD SMOLT River are estimated in the 2020 run, which is below the COMPOSITION 10-year average. The Little Tahltan Weir operations are funded through our AFS Contribution Agreement.
59 60 TAHLTAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT – FISH & WILDLIFE NEWSLETTER 2020 FISHERIES PROJECTS
TAHLTAN LAKE SOCKEYE ADULT ENUMERATION STIKINE STOCK SEPARATION
This project is typically conducted jointly with DFO and Tahltan staff but was modified to adhere to COVID-19 protocols and ensure staff safety in the field.
The TCGFD field crew mobilized to Tahltan Lake on July 7. Construction of the adult weir was completed and fish tight on July 9 in preparation for the arrival of the returning sockeye spawners. Michael Nole and Kyle Inkster patiently awaited the arrival of the first sockeye, which were significantly delayed, not arriving at the lake until July 22. The remainder of the run was also delayed and did not show the run strength indicated by the in-season adjusted forecasts, based on catches in the Lower River fisheries.
The weir was dismantled on September 11, with a total of 11,158 sockeye spawners counted. Although this number is below the Escapement Goal Range Above: First sockeye TAHLTAN LAKE WEIR ENUMERATION RESULTS salmon arriving at the of 18,000-30,000 and management target of 24,000 Tahltan Lake weir – spawners, long term survival data does not indicate 9:40am July 22, 2020. 11,158 24,000 major concerns for the 2025 return year. We will keep The Stikine Stock Separation program ran from June 23 to August 23. Its purpose STIKINE STOCK Top-left: Brendan SEPARATION PROGRAM SOCKEYE SPAWNERS MANAGEMENT GOAL you posted on the winter technical discussions and is to sample a portion of the Sockeye run to determine the composition. The run sampling. / SAMPLING RESULTS any indications otherwise. is comprised of different components, Lake spawners (Tahltan Lake) and River Top-right: Brendan spawners (Tahltan River), which are further categorized as enhanced versus wild. 513 and Raina sampling. The samplers for 2020 were Drew Inkster, Brendan Joseph, and Raina Feldman. SOCKEYE They collected biological samples from the catches in the FSC fishery for analysis to determine the origin of the fish, which helps in the overall management of salmon 115 CATCH MONITORING & REPORTING resources in the Stikine watershed. The samplers were able to sample a total of 513 CHINOOK Sockeye and 115 Chinook. They also sampled a lot later into August, usually they pack up the first week. This is due to a variation in the run timing. The salmon were The Catch Monitor program based in Telegraph later this year, which seems to be a trend over the last few seasons. It is something Creek saw Noreen McLean return to fulfill the duties to be mindful of for future food fishing efforts. This project was funded by AFS/PST associated with the position. She was responsible for Implementation Funds. handing out fishing and transport permits, collecting weekly catches from Members, and reporting to the Fisheries Manager.
The total number of salmon harvested in the FSC TAHLTAN RIVER CHINOOK ENUMERATION Fishery was 5,423 Sockeye, 389 Chinook, 642 Jacks (small chinook) and 2 Coho. This project was funded FEASIBILITY STUDY by AFS/PST Implementation Funds.
CATCH MONITORING & REPORTING RESULTS The Tahltan River Chinook Enumeration Feasibility Sonar technology is very appealing because it Study is a new project funded under the AFS/PST eliminates the need to handle the fish. Reducing 5,423 642 Implementation Fund. It was supposed to have feet on SOCKEYE JACKS the ground this year, but due to COVID-19 the project handling supports better survival rates. was modified to facility upgrades (a new outhouse and 389 2 two bedrooms added to the Tahltan fisheries cabin) The two potential sites will be at the Tahltan River CHINOOK COHO and equipment purchasing. This project’s aim is to get a bridge crossing and the Cannery. much more accurate count of Chinook salmon entering Above: The first Chinook harvested in FSC the Tahltan watershed using Sonar technology. Both the TCGFD and DFO managers are anxious to fishery had a spaghetti tag applied to its dorsal fin. This tag was applied as part of the get this project running in the 2021 field season. Lower Stikine Chinook Adult Tagging project.
61 62 TAHLTAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT – FISH & WILDLIFE NEWSLETTER 2020 FISHERIES PROJECTS
STIKINE RIVER AERIAL SURVEYS TAHLTAN RIVER SLIDE
The 2020 fishing season saw a return of close-to- average water levels, which persisted through most of the season.
Although this was not the greatest for fishing efforts, it was a blessing to the fish, helping with the slide at Tahltan, as well as the recent migration issues arising from the low flows at Decheeka Falls. Figure 1. The higher water levels this field season resulted in the natural flushing out of ruble and fine debris from the prior blasting efforts, to the point where it appears it has become a non-issue. This summer, field work was done by Golder Associates to assess the current The 2020 sockeye aerial survey was conducted state of the slide. They were able to use a drone to September 15th with Cheri and Kerry as observers. gather some measurements and take great pictures. Tundra Helicopters was chartered for the flight. One of Golder’s early observations was the drastic decrease in vertical distance the fish need to pass or In general, survey conditions were jump the slide, which went from approximately 9 ft to exceptional–blue sky and clear water approximately 2 ft. (see Figure 1). The salmon are no longer jumping at the site but are now able to swim conditions–but overall a poor showing right past it. This was confirmed by visual observations of sockeye spawners at the Mainstem and the presence of fish at weir sites further upriver. Although the final report from Golder is pending, they index sites was concerning. A total of provided some preliminary recommendations. 172 sockeye were counted. TCGFD has had early discussions with DFO about next Figure 2. The Stikine Coho aerial survey is scheduled for November steps, given the findings of the recent site evaluation. 3, 2020. Tundra Helicopters has been chartered again, The first option discussed is to do nothing and let This is an issue for two reasons: and Kerry and Cheri will conduct the survey of spawners things carry on as they are now. The reasoning is that observed. The index sites to be flown include Scud River, any further work could make things worse by bringing 1 . the rocks could be much larger, making the scope Porcupine River, Katete River (main and west arm), down more material, and the site is a very dangerous of work difficult to fully understand; Verrett River, Craig River and Verrett slough. and unstable place to work. 2 . the subsequent removal of the boulders could cause more issues. These flights are funded through the AFS The other option is pre-emptive removal of some Top & Above: Sockeye Salmon observed and counted at Verrett Contribution Agreement. boulders perched above the small inlet being created by The first and preferred approach discussed was not river during aerial survey. a rock pushing water to make a back eddy. This is visible doing any work, but having a plan ready in case an in Figure 2. The red circle is the inlet, and the green is issue should arise. This will be subject to further the potential problem boulders. The rationale is that the discussion once the final report is available for review. small eddy will eat away at the material and eventually those boulders could fall into the river, which may or may not cause a problem. Golder explained the issue (or fact of uncertainty) is that the size of the boulders is not known because they are not fully exposed.
63 64 TAHLTAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT – FISH & WILDLIFE NEWSLETTER 2020 FISHERIES PROJECTS
2020 ESCAPEMENTS
The following table shows the bilaterally agreed upon escapement goals for Stikine Chinook, Sockeye and Coho salmon, as set out in the US/Canada Pacific Salmon Treaty. The process for reviewing and updating these escapement goals has begun while the Sockeye EG review has already started.
Watershed Species Area Management Target (MSY*) Management Target Range Comments
Stikine Chinook Stikine 28,100 (pre-season) 14,000-28,000 Includes Little Tahltan 24,500 (in-season) 21,000 (MSY pre-season) 17,400 (MSY in-season) Stikine Sockeye Stikine Wild 54,000 38,000-70,000
Stikine Sockeye Tahltan 24,000 18,000-30,000
Stikine Sockeye Mainstem 30,000 20,000-40,000
Stikine Coho Stikine 40,000 30,000-50,000 Bilateral (US) agreement uncertain
*MSY is the Maximum Total escapements for 2020 Stikine Salmon are still 45,000 Tahltan origin). This is below the recent 10-year Sustainable Yield – the going through data review and the numbers presented average of 114,700 Sockeye salmon and below the maximum level at which a natural resource here for all escapements are preliminary in nature. preseason forecast of 103,000. (fish) can be routinely exploited without long- Chinook seems to be consistent with the pre-season Although there is a goal set out in the table of the term depletion. forecast of approximately 13,400 large Chinook. This Treaty, there continues to be no means of accurately is below the escapement goal range of 14,000 to estimating Stikine Coho escapement or run size. The 28,000 and below the 10-year average of 17,118. work to develop an accurate estimate of Stikine Coho was started in 2019 but had to be put on hold The final in-season Sockeye salmon run size estimate for 2020 due to COVID-19. Hopefully, the work will be is approximately 60,000 to 85,000 fish (30,000 to undertaken in 2021.
2020 STIKINE SALMON HARVESTS
FISHERY SOCKEYE CHINOOK JACKS COHO
*Less than 100 large Chinook were TFN Food 5423 389 642 2 of Stikine origin. CAN commercial 6,188 0 0 5,098
CAN Sport 0 0 0 0
CAN Totals 11,611 389 642 5,100
US Subsistence 1700 6 0 75
US Sport 0 52 0 0
US Troll 0 0 0 0
US Gillnet 2,951 1,333* 0 43,702
US Totals 4,651 1,391 0 43,777
US+CAN Totals 16,262 1,780 642 48,877 Spawning sockeye in the Sheslay River.
65 66 TAHLTAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT – FISH & WILDLIFE NEWSLETTER 2020 FISHERIES-RELATED INDIGENOUS PROTECTED & CONSERVATION AREAS (IPCA) PROJECTS
Below: IPCA – Lower Iskut Bug Lake. FISHERIES-RELATED INDIGENOUS PROTECTED & CONSERVATION AREAS (IPCA) PROJECTS
4. LITTLE TAHLTAN WATERSHED
DEASE LAKE A field survey was implemented July 18 to 21. 1 SHESLAY
Above: IPCA – Headwaters This year the Tahltan Fisheries Department has been 1. SHESLAY 5. LOWER ISKUT WATERSHED: 4 LITTLE TAHLTAN WATERSHED Kluayaz Lake. busy developing workplans and implementing new S TI KIN E R IV research under the IPCA / Stewardship initiative. The focus was on the Hackett River watershed. A Field surveys were conducted July 6 to 9 and October 3 TAHLTAN LAKE ER
reconnaissance field survey was done July 12 to 17. 9 to 12. The focus is on continuation of the sockeye TELEGRAPH CREEK A salmon video counting system was devised, but enhancement feasibility study we have been working on. ISKUT unfortunately could not be deployed this year due to EDDONTENAJON These projects have been designed to provide LAKE
high flood river conditions. TATOGGA support for conservation designation by identifying LAKE
KINASKAN critical fish habitats, characteristics, and stock 2. HEADWATERS (OF THE SKEENA, LAKE
status and by determining the areas and ecosystem STIKINE, & NASS): Thanks to our dedicated field staff
R
E V
which included: Sheldon Dennis, John I R
processes that are essential for protection of the Field surveys were conducted along the rail grade T
U
K
S R I September 23 to 28. From September 29 to October Nole, Drew Inkster, Patrick Hudson, E V fisheries resources and associated habitats. I R HEADWATERS 6, field work was done at Kluayaz Lake and the upper E N I KLUAYAZ LAKE and Richard Erhardt. K I
T
Kluatantan River watershed. S 2 Using information collected from these activities, We would also like to acknowledge several folks 2
other important aspects can then be addressed, 3. TAHLTAN LAKE who helped us with equipment or camp use. They R HEADWATERS UPPER 5 LOWER ISKUT E IV R KLUATANTAN RIVER WATERSHED T such as management measures, standards, include: Sheslay River Outfitters (Rudy Day) for use of I S K U regulations, and land use. Field surveys were conducted from August 29 to their 4-wheeler at Hackett River, Lonesome Mountain September 5. With this project, we are also seeking Outfitters (Mike Young) for use of their camp and boat Map 3 – IPCA Projects. The focused fisheries areas of interest are listed below to address the recent lower wild sockeye egg-to-fry at Kluayaz Lake, and use of the camps at both Little and on page 68. To note for all projects, the key field survivals and aspects relating to improving passage Tahltan River and Tahltan Lake. Mēduh. assessment tasks included hydrology i.e. flows, water /weir operations for the pending replacement of the quality and groundwater aspects. Bathymetric (water dam at the outlet of the lake. depth) surveys were also conducted for the lakes.
67 68 TAHLTAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT – FISH & WILDLIFE NEWSLETTER 2020 DFO REAL PROPERTIES – FACILITY UPGRADES
DFO Real Properties – Facility Upgrades
Facility upgrades and improvements to the remote Top-left: Old kitchen DFO field camps has been ongoing since 2015. at Lower Stikine. There are still ongoing discussions regarding Top-right: Outside new replacement of the failing dam at Tahltan Lake and kitchen at Lower Stikine. we are optimistic these works will commence soon. Middle-right: Lower Stikine new kitchen. The 2020 field season saw some great Bottom-right: Lower improvements to camp facilities at Stikine old kitchen. Tahltan Lake, Little Tahltan and the Lower Stikine.
These included additional showers, new sleeping quarters, storage, and a new kitchen at the Lower Stikine Camp, and were greatly appreciated by staff of every agency that uses them.
69 70 TAHLTAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT – FISH & WILDLIFE NEWSLETTER 2020 TAHLTAN LAKE EGG TAKE (1989-2020)
TAHLTAN LAKE EGG TAKE (1989-2020)
The TCGFD field crew was deployed to Tahltan Thanks to the pilots and ground crew of BC Yukon Air for Above: Tahltan Lake. Lake on September 5th with a crew from BC, Yukon, providing crew transport flights to this project. We also Back cover: Rainbow and Dease Lake. The crew collected brood stock extend our gratitude to the pilots from Ward Air from Trout eating unviable eggs. September 7 and 11. Beach seining efforts resulted Juneau for egg haul flights. We truly appreciate all the Above: Kyle receiving At the February pre-season session of the Transboundary Rivers Panel (TBR) in the capture of 542 females (ripe and green) and people on the other end who ensure the fuel, propane, the female holding pen. of the Pacific Salmon Treaty, the 2020 Stikine Enhancement Production Plan 1,019 males. A total of 186 females and 192 males supplies, and groceries keep coming in. We could not were spawned over the course of two egg takes, do it without you. A big thank you as well to DFO for FERTILIZED EGG DELIVERY (SEPP) was finalized, and a five million egg take target for Tahltan Lake was which were completed September 10 and 12. A total use of the camp facilities. (Port Snettisham Hatchery bilaterally agreed upon. of 502,200 fertilized sockeye eggs were delivered to by Ward Air Juneau) Port Snettisham Hatchery by Ward Air Juneau. Many thanks to our TCGFD staff for your ongoing dedication to the management of the Stikine River The poor wild fry survivals were also discussed and In the months leading up to the egg take, several The egg take crew also delivered 20 female ovarian salmon resources. We are tremendously grateful to 502,200 deferred to the Enhancement Sub Committee (ESC) for discussions between the TCG Fisheries Director and kidney samples for disease testing for Infectious you all for your valuable knowledge and the time you SOCKEYE EGGS further review and discussion at the upcoming March and Sean Collins, DFO Salmonid Enhancement Heamatopoetic Necrosis Virus (IHNV) and Bacterial dedicate to the field work. Your hard work never goes Transboundary Technical Committee (TTC) pre-season Program, took place to ensure the egg take target is Kidney Disease (BKD). As well, 98 otoliths, post-orbital unnoticed. Mēduh. meeting. One of the Alaskan panel members voiced factored using the most recent wild smolt survivals hypural lengths, and fork lengths were collected from his concern and disapproval regarding any changes as a guideline. Follow up discussions with Alaskan both male and female brood stock, per the contract BROOK STOCK COLLECTION RESULTS being made to the target without the input and consent representatives were held to provide rationale for the requirements. The camp was demobilized, and all crew from the TBR Panel. Although the target is agreed upon reduction and reach agreement on what is best for the flown out, on Sept 16. in the SEPP at the pre-season session, the reality is the Tahltan Lake sockeye stocks. After running the numbers, 542 1,019 target cannot be confirmed until in-season and Sean Collins arrived at a very conservative revised egg Crew members were Richard Erhardt, Cheri Frocklage, FEMALES MALES (Ripe & Green) is dependent on spawner escapement into the lake. take target of 500,000 eggs, based on the smolt data, Jared Dennis, Kyle Inkster, Drew Inkster, Kerry Carlick, as well as the low escapement this year. Sheldon Dennis, and Michael Nole. Raina Feldman The ESC met March 4 to 6 and members held a returned as our camp cook. Mēduh Raina for all the focused discussion on the poor wild smolt survivals great meals and for keeping us all so well fed, despite TOTAL SPAWNS OVER TWO EGG TAKES at Tahltan Lake. After reviewing the data and recent the challenge of minimal ingredients. smolt survivals, it was recommended the egg take 186 192 be reduced to 2.5 million. FEMALES MALES
71 72 TAHLTAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT – FISH & WILDLIFE NEWSLETTER 2020 SECTION TITLE
Memorial Monument of Tahltan Lake
On September 22, 1994, the Tahltan Nation and our local The marker was replaced many times over the communities suffered the heartbreak and loss of two very years, as it crumbled and eroded under the weather and elements. In the winter of 2019, Cheri decided dear friends and colleagues. Tahltan Fisheries Technician it was time a formal monument be established to Johnny Tashoots and Tel-Air pilot Ron Janzen lost their lives in commemorate the lives of these fine men for their ultimate sacrifice. a fatal plane crash on a return flight from delivering sockeye salmon eggs to the Port Snettisham Hatchery in Alaska. On September 14 of this year, this idea became reality with the design, labour and support from the egg take crew. I cannot express my level of gratitude to my staff. Above and right: Our Tahltan Fisheries family placed a rough marker There are no words to describe my feelings, as through Johnny Tashoots and Ron Janzen memorial on the point at Tahltan Lake above the main sockeye my tears, I watched them carry the heavy stone from at Tahltan Lake. spawning grounds that served as a reminder of our lost the boat, up the steep rock face of the point and to loved ones. It was the focal point for many years of its final place of rest. My staff, many of whom did not an annual bonfire and fireworks. In addition, DFO staff know either Johnny or Ron, did not hesitate to assist member Bill Waugh contacted the BC Geographical in the efforts to honour these men. They may not have Names Office in Victoria in 1996 to officially rename the met them, but they know they were our brothers and outlet creek ‘Johnny Tashoots Creek’ in his memory. members of this large extended family we all belong to.
The monument is beautiful. The view is breathtaking and befitting for our fallen comrades. From my heart to you, my sincere thanks for your act of kindness. I remain eternally grateful to you all.
73 74 TAHLTAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT – FISH & WILDLIFE NEWSLETTER 2020 SECTION TITLE
Northern Fund Below: Johnny Tashoots Creek.
Bottom-left: Clements Brace 2020 on Beaver removal.
TCGFD was able to successfully secure $43,817 from the Drew Inkster and Mitchell Engdahl conducted trail PSC Northern Endowment Fund to conduct the Tahltan cutting and clearing to widen and open the trail, which has been neglected for quite some time. Lake Sockeye Access Improvement and Trail Clearing Crew members using the trail now will find it clear of project from August 3 to 13, 2020. debris. It will also minimize the opportunity for chance encounters with grizzly bears, who travel the creek and trail in search of a sockeye meal. This was a combined submission to address and control the beaver population, remove any dams in JT Creek Many thanks to the crew members for their hard work that may block migration of returning sockeye adults and completion of these important tasks. Mēduh. or out migrating smolts, as well as improve access to these sites. It will also ensure the safety of the staff who The 2021 proposal submission to the Northern Fund walk the creek to remove any dams in season that may to conduct spring juvenile studies at the Hackett River create challenges for salmon passage. has been denied funding and TCGFD will be seeking alternate funding sources to pursue this project. As in 2019, TCG Fisheries Department field technician and beaver guru John Nole teamed up with the TCG Guardian Clements Brace to complete the beaver portion of the work. They removed eight beavers and three dams. Due to the higher water conditions, they did not have to work as fervently as usual to keep up with the breaching of dams. The beaver damming activity was minimal with the improved water flows in JT Creek at the time of the project.
75 76 TAHLTAN CENTRAL GOVERNMENT – FISH & WILDLIFE NEWSLETTER 2020 TAHLTAN FISHERIES – STAFF BIOS
Margaret Asp
My Name is Margaret Asp. I am the daughter of the late Ray and Ann Henyu. I started work for Tahltan Fisheries over 10 years ago as a Chinook sampler and was Richard promoted to the Guardian position and stationed at Tahltan ever since. I love working with my co-workers every Erhardt Patrick summer and always look forward to starting each year. Hons. BSc. Hudson
Jared Dennis Richard has been providing technical support to Patrick is a hydrologist and fisheries scientist who Tahltan Fisheries as a contract biologist since 2003. has worked for Tahltan Fisheries and the Lands I am of Tlingit/Tahltan blood and from the Wolf clan. In that time, he has helped facilitate the expansion of Department for 15 years. Prior to working for Tahltan I have been with Tahltan Fisheries since I turned 18 their involvement in fisheries management and has Fisheries, Patrick was the BC Ministry of Environment in 2005 when, at the end of my grade 11 school year, promoted continuous program development. Most Regional Hydrologist for the Skeena Region, where he I was asked to go to Tahltan Lake. Following my grade of the projects or forums he assists with come from focused on hydrometric standards and environmental 12 school year, I returned to Tahltan Fisheries to additional proposal-based funding. impact assessments of regional projects including continue my employment. Tahltan Territory industrial proposals. Richard has expedited many new fisheries projects I love the outdoors, our Tahltan country, learning more in a wide variety of categories, including stock Much of his previous work with THREAT and the Lands about our fish and wildlife, and using all the skills my assessment, enhancement, lake surveys, habitat Department have involved the review of industrial grandparents taught me about loving and respecting the mapping, environmental assessment, strategic projects such as Red Chris and Seabridge Gold’s KSM fish, wildlife, and land. I have been to every camp that planning, and community education. He also provides Project. With these reviews and site inspections he fisheries has offered, from the lower end of the Stikine support by attending key meetings such as the TBR PSC has focused on environmental impact assessment, on the Alaskan side, where the salmon first enter, to their Technical Committee and Panel. Richard is now the monitoring and water management as priorities. spawning grounds: Iskut, Tuya, Tahltan, Little Tahltan project biologist for the Tahltan Lake egg take project Most recently Patrick is working on the IPCA planning Rivers, where some of the chinook spawn, and Tahltan and currently is largely focused on assisting with the studies with a focus on fisheries capacity building and Lake, where sockeye spawn. One year I got to tag an fisheries related IPCA projects. conservation planning across Tahltan Territory. adult chinook on the Alaska side, then observed it arrive at the Little Tahltan River, where their long journey ends. Every summer, I am either camping or at fish camp with my grandparents. I recall the first time I saw a salmon at Spencer Flats and didn’t know what type of fish it was, because all I knew was a fish was a fish. Now I know all types of fish and, this year, how far they can travel. Raïna Drew Sheldon Steven Dennis Feldman Inkster My name is Sheldon Steven Dennis. I come from the Wolf clan and Simgaltada family. I started working My name is Raïna Feldman. I work for the Tahltan I am the youngest of Christine and Greg Inskter’s with Tahltan Fisheries in the summer of 1997 and Fisheries Program as a Fisheries Technician and as a four children. I am from the Wolf clan and belong have been with them ever since. I grew up in Iskut Camp Cook. I am also the Level 3 First Aid Attendant for to the Cawtoonma family. I was born and raised in and moved to Terrace in 2004. our crew. My parents are Patricia McIntosh and Richard Terrace, but very much enjoy every chance to come Feldman, and my stepfather, Edward Frank, who raised back to our Tahltan Territory. I have worked for In 2004, I graduated from the Freda Diesing School of me. I have lived within Tahltan Territory most of my life, Tahltan Fisheries for the better part of a decade and Northwest Coast Arts, completing a two-year course. growing up in Telegraph Creek, raising my three children have been to many different work sites doing various I have been working out at Tahltan Lake since 1997 on the in Iskut and Dease Lake, and now residing in Dease Lake. projects. I have primarily been on the Stikine doing the Sockeye smolt program and the Sockeye Adult program. Adult Chinook Tagging project with my brother, Kyle In 2010 I started doing the Little Tahltan River Chinook I begin the season working on the Coded Wire Tagging Inkster. I also work at the Little Tahltan and Tahltan Weir and in 2017 we started using a video counter at Little Program on the Lower Stikine in the early Spring. I do Lake projects and some other smaller projects. Tahltan. I also do the egg take program at Tahltan Lake. the Upper River Sampling Program in Telegraph Creek When I am not at work, I enjoy riding my ATV, fishing, I am now doing little projects along the Iskut River and all Summer, then move to Tahltan Lake for the egg hunting, barbequing, hockey, and spending time with up at the Sacred Headwaters. In 2021, I will be helping take for the Fall. I am grateful every day to be working my family. I am very excited to continue working with set up a camera counter out at the Hackett River. in some of the most beautiful places in the world and fisheries at our new home with TCG. FISHERIES DEPARTMENT FISHERIES Staff Bios with an amazing crew that is like family.
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Kyle Noreen McLean Inkster (Vance)
My name is Kyle Inkster. I am from the Cawtoonma family. I have My name is Noreen McLean, and I am from the Tahltan Nation, born worked as a Fisheries Technician/Supervisor for Tahltan Fisheries and raised in Telegraph Creek. I am the daughter of Henry and Janet since 2008, mostly down river on the Lower Stikine, Chinook Vance and I am Crow clan, which I inherited from my mother. I spent Tagging Program. I was born and raised in Terrace. My parents are my entire childhood, as well as my young adulthood, learning the Greg and Christine Inkster, who both grew up in Telegraph Creek. traditions of my people. I spent many seasons with my mother and My father was born there. When I am not working, I am working on grandmother, Fannie Woods, learning the skills of fishing, gutting, art, music, and skateboarding. smoking, preparing, and harvesting salmon for the colder months.
Now, as an adult, I have a seasonal job with the Fisheries Department, where I have been working for 13 years. I love my job! My title is Catch Monitor and my duties include issuing fishing and transport permits to Tahltan people and to provide them a daily catch calendar to keep track of their harvest numbers. I routinely visit fish camps and collect weekly data. I enjoy working with the TCG Fisheries Department because it allows me to return home every summer and do what I love. Namely, I am honoured to carry on the heritage of my Elders and their Ancestors Brendan before them. I have extreme gratitude for the work I do and the people Joseph I work with; I would not trade it for anything in this world!
My name is Brendan Joseph. I am son to Floyd and Karen Joseph, and grandson to Alex and Rachel Joseph. This year was my first year with Tahltan Fisheries. I worked on the upper river project where we sampled sockeye and chinook salmon. Sampling consists of collecting data such as weights, lengths, scale samples, and egg diameters. Michael Nole
My Name Is Michael Nole and I am from the Wolf clan. I was born and raised in Iskut. My parents are the late Loveman and Sara Nole. My dad’s parents were Bell and Ester Nole. My mom’s parents were Kishkosh and Sophie Tashoots. I am proud to say I have a beautiful family with my wife John Mary, three stepdaughters and three precious granddaughters. Nole I have been working for Tahltan Fisheries for 17 years. I work in three different camps: Tahltan Lake, Little Tahltan River, and the My name is John Nole and I have worked for Tahltan Fisheries Lower Stikine. The past few seasons, I have also trained a few new for several years. My job takes me places where our Ancestors TCG staff and DFO personnel as well. I really enjoy passing on the lived off the land. My work consists of seining (small mesh knowledge I have learned through the years with Tahltan Fisheries. netting) smolts on the Lower Stikine, the Tahltan Lake egg take, doing alternate fishing for brood stock collection, and beaver I recently graduated with a Dogwood diploma. It was on my bucket dam breaching (so the salmon can make it back to Tahltan list and I did it! A big thanks goes out to Lax Kw’alaams Academy Lake). I also do some field work with our hydrologist. I like my for giving me a chance to do it. I am looking forward to continuing job because it takes me out on the land our Ancestors left in working with and taking on the new challenges TCG has to offer. trust to us for our future generations. Mēduh.
79 80 FISH & WILDLIFE NEWSLETTER 2020
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