Organic Fertilizer Treatments Effect on the Soybean Growth (Glycine Max L.Merr)

International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 5, (2020), pp. 13386-13395

Organic Fertilizer Treatments Effect on the Soybean Growth (Glycine max L.Merr)

Leni Handayani¹*, Nomi Noviani² and Sri Wahyuni ³, 1,2,3. Universitas Muslim Nusantara AW Medan, Indonesia Corresponding Email : [email protected]

Abstract

Technology and science for finding the best fit for increasing the growth of plants need the comparative applications. This research was conducted in a few Regencies of North Sumatra Province to seek the effect of growth and production of soybeans with the application of compost in the study area. The comparative techniques on the organic fertilizer usage for soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) were administered to collect the data. It applied a Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 5 treatments, 4 replicates so that 20 experimental units were obtained, namely; B0 = Control of organic fertilizer; B1 = 45 grams of organic fertilizer; B2 = 194 grams of organic fertilizer; B3 = 349 grams of organic fertilizer, and B4 = 494 grams of organic fertilizer. Thus, obtained data were analyzed by ANOVA and continued with an average difference test according to Duncan (DMRT). The highest soybean plants in some regencies in Simalungun Regency in B3 treatment with a value of 57.50 cm and the lowest in Serdang Bedagai Regency in treatment B0 (without organic matter) with a value of 42.40 cm. Keywords: Organic Fertilizer; optimalize; soybean; application technology;

1. Introduction The growth of soybean plants is influenced by many factors; one of them by combining good fertilizers derived from organic and un-organic fertilizers. The combination of optimal fertilizer treatment increases its growth. It results in the parameters of growth and yield of cultivated soybeans higher. Several studies have shown that soybeans can be cultivated organically. Siregar (2011) used the biofertilizers with the active ingredient, Rhizobacteria Bacillus sp, Pseudomonas sp and B. japonicum; those combinations had the potential to spur soybean growth in acidic soil conditions. The combination of bacteria in the formulation with a dosage of 400 g per hectare for the package form of powder and flour inoculants was able to spur the growth of soybeans both plant height, root weight and plant canopy. Giving a compost dose of 30 tons / ha provided the highest soybean yield of 1.53 tons / ha. Historical records show that the process of protein isolation in soybeans has been carried out since many years ago. Soybean is a member of the Leguminosae family and subfamily Papilinoideae. Soybean contains about 20% oil on dry matter basis with 30-50% of protein (Lemptey et al, 2015). It is non-nutritional elements that are beneficial for health (Adie, 2009). It reported that the soybean yield is mainly determined during post-flowering phase highlights the importance of the post- flowering photoperiodic response in the complex process of soybean yield determination (Nico et. al, 2016). Soybean is a vital source of protein and vegetable oil, and one of the most widely grown crop worldwide (Singh, 2018) and low cholesterol at affordable prices. For soybeans, they are chosen with high protein content, compared to those used for oil extraction (Preece et. al, 2017). This research aimed at determining the effect of growth and production of soybeans with the application of compost in the study area. The organic fertilizers are often found as a result of decomposition of organic matter into compost. It is an important contribution of organic matter that improves the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil (Onwu, 2018). Related to the nutrient requirements of N, P and K for soybean plants, generally N nutrient elements can be absorbed by plants in the form of ammonium (NH4 +). The results of the study of ammonium in rice fields 25- 29% was absorbed by rice plants, 17-25% were planted in the land and 50-54% was lost due to washing, evaporating and de-titrifying Nutrient P (Liang, 1987 in Sugianta, 2007). In general, it has

International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 5, (2020), pp. 13386-13395

been filled with TPS with P content of about 45% P2O5 and has recently been replaced with SP-36 with P2O5 content of 36%. The implementation of intensification of agriculture from year to year has caused the accumulation of most of the P elements in paddy fields.

2.Materials and Design of Research Materials The organic fertilizer composting municipal waste, soil and chemicals were used as materials for nutrient analysis. The analytical scales, plastic buckets, name labels, hoes, meters and other tools that support this research were used to measure materials and help the plantation process. Soybean seeds of variety Defa I, insecticides and chemicals were used in the laboratory analysis. An experimental design (Kirk, 2012) with purposive sampling of areas (Ibrahim et al, 2018) in North Sumatra Province of Indonesia was carried. This research was conducted in 4 Regencies: Langkat, Deli Serdang, Serdang Bedagai and Simalungun by treating compost organic materials using polybag media. nonrandom technique that requires no set number of participants. Simply put, the researcher decides what are known and sets of people who are willing to provide information by virtue of knowledge or experience (Etikan et al., 2016). With consideration of the time and ability and reach of researchers, such a statement from Notohadiprawiro (2006), the Regency is the region with the highest soybean productivity. Soybeans fell planting in January. Soybeans are planted on ex-paddy fields rotating with the rice-corn-soybean type. The research was conducted from August to December 2017. A Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of 5 treatments and 4 replicates was applied to seek the data of 20 experimental units, namely: B0 = Control of organic fertilizer B1 = 45 grams of organic fertilizer B2 = 194 grams of organic fertilizer B3 = 349 grams of organic fertilizer B4 = 494 grams of organic fertilizer Data from the results of the study were analyzed by ANOVA and continued with an average difference test according to Duncan (DMRT). The RAK analysis model is as follows: The right linear model for randomized group design is: Yij(t) = µ + Kj + B(t) + εi(t)

3. Findings and Discussion The Effect of Compost on Plant Height (cm) on Polybag Media in Four Regencies The covariance test revealed that the treatment of compost organic matter has a positive effect on plant height at 42 MST (Sunday after Planting). The results of the average difference test for plant height are presented in Table 1 below. Table 1. Effect of Giving Compost on Plant Height Regencies Treatment Simalungun Serdang Bedagai Deli Serdang Langkat B0 50.63e 42.20e 47.56d 51.06c B1 51.25d 43.43d 47.94d 51.13c B2 52.25c 47.18c 48.25c 51.31c B3 57.50a 53.88a 52.44a 52.94b B4 56.06b 50.65b 51.25ab 55.44a

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Table 1 displays Ducan's multiple distance test at the level of 5%

Figure 1. Relationship between Composted Organic Materials Based on C Organic Soil and Plant Height in Polybag Poly In Table 1. The highest soybean plants in some regencies in Simalungun Regency in B3 treatment with a value of 57.50 cm and the lowest in Serdang Bedagai Regency in treatment B0 (without organic matter) with a value of 42.40 cm. Figure 1. The relationship between the provision of organic compost and based on C-organic soil in soybean plants in several regencies in polybags. Figure 1. shows that compost organic matter based on C-organic soils has a significant relationship to plant height. Giving organic material with increased dosage or level until B3 treatment can increase plant growth but if added or increased dosage of organic material to B4 can reduce the height of soybean plants. The Effect of Compost Giving on Wet Roots of Plants The data analysis displayed that the treatment of compost organic matter has no effect on the plant's wet root weight. The results of the mean difference test on the wet weight of plant roots are known in Table 2. below. Table 2. Effect of Compost Giving on Wet Roots of Plant Roots Regencies Treatment Simalungun Serdang Bedagai Deli Serdang Langkat B0 4.98 3.87 5.18 4.87 B1 4.11 2.89 5.01 4.64 B2 6.14 4.13 4.26 5.13 B3 5.55 4.02 5.38 5.02 B4 5.56 4.58 4.83 4.83

The Effect of Compost Giving on the Dry Weight of Soybean Root Plants in Several Regencies in Polybag Media The analysis showed that the treatment of giving compost organic matter has no effect on the dry weight of plant roots. The results of the average difference test for the dry weight of plant roots are known in Table 3. below. Table 3. Effect of Compost Giving on Dry Roots of Plant Roots Regencies Treatment Simalungun Serdang Bedagai Deli Serdang Langkat

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B0 1.45 2.18 2.73 2.20 B1 1.53 2.20 2.50 2.00 B2 1.90 2.25 2.28 2.18 B3 2.10 2.40 2.43 2.35 B4 2.03 1.90 2.13 2.45 The Effect of Composting on the Wet Weight of Soybean Stems in several Regencies The analysis found that the treatment of compost organic matter had no effect on the plant's wet weight. The results of the average difference test for plant stem wet weight are presented in Table 4. below. Table 4. Effect of Compost Giving on the Wet Weight of Plant Stems. Regencies Treatment Simalungun Serdang Bedagai Deli Serdang Langkat B0 12.45 9.68 12.18 10.93 B1 10.43 7.98 11.48 9.48 B2 10.56 9.50 11.75 9.75 B3 15.27 11.10 13.35 10.85 B4 15.67 10.58 12.08 10.83 The Effect of Compost Giving on the Dry Weight of Soybean Stem Plants in several Regencies The analysis of variance showed that the treatment of compost organic matter has a significant effect on the dry weight of plant stems. The average test results for the dry weight of the plant stem are as follows: Table 5. Effect of Compost Giving on the Dry Weight of Plant Stems Regencies Treatment Simalungun Serdang Bedagai Deli Serdang Langkat B0 12.45 9.68 12.18 10.93 B1 10.43 7.98 11.48 9.48 B2 10.56 9.50 11.75 9.75 B3 15.27 11.10 13.35 10.85 B4 15.67 10.58 12.08 10.83 The Effect of Compost Giving on Weight per Poly Bag (g) in Several Regencies The analysis found that the treatment of compost organic matter has a positive effect on the weight per plant polybag. The results of the average difference test for weight per polybag are presented in Table 6. Next: Table 6. Effect of Giving Compost on Weight Per Polybag Regencies Treatment Simalungun Serdang Bedagai Deli Serdang Langkat B0 56.28 49.75d 51.90 63.15 B1 60.75 56.58c 51.33 64.78c B2 58.65 65.83b 52.83 73.88ab B3 56.10 71.95a 57.53 74.68a B4 57.98 49.87d 53.47 70.97b Table 6 shows the Ducan multiple distance test at the level of 5%.; the weight per bag of soybeans which has an effect of only two regencies, namely Serdang Bedagai and Langkat and the highest is in Langkat Regency which is B3 treatment with a value of 74.68 g and the lowest is in Serdang Bedagai Regency in treatment B0 (without organic matter) with a value of 42.75 g.

International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 5, (2020), pp. 13386-13395

Figure 2. Relationship between Composted Organic Materials Based on Organic C-Soils with Weight Per Polybag

Figure 2. The relationship between the provision of compostable organic matter based on soil organic C in soybean plants in several Serdang Bedagai Regencies and Langkat Regencies in polybags. Figure 2 shows that compost organic matter based on soil C-organic has a significant relationship to seed weight per polybag. Giving organic material that is increased in dosage or level until B3 treatment can increase the weight per plant polybag but if added or increased dose of organic material to B4 can reduce the weight per polybag of soybean plants.

The Effect of Composting on the Weight of Sample Crops (g) on Polybag Media in Several Regencies The analysis revealed that the treatment of the provision of organic compost has a positive effect on the weight of the sample crop. The results of the average difference test for the weight of sample crops are presented in Table 7. Next:

Table 7. Effect of Composting on the Weight of Sample Planting Regencies Treatment Simalungun Serdang Bedagai Deli Serdang Langkat B0 13.03 20.38d 20.96d 18.65d B1 15.75 20.97d 21.32c 23.33b B2 16.15 22.94b 21.85c 24.33ab B3 16.35 24.34a 23.38a 25.65a B4 12.98 21.87c 22.14b 22.97c Description: Numbers followed by the same letter in the same column indicate that they are not significant based on the Ducan multiple distance test at the level of 5%.

In Table 7. the weight of soybean sample plantations in several regencies; namely Serdang Bedagai Regency, Deli Serdang and Langkat Regency, and the highest in Langkat Regency, there was B3 treatment with a value of 25.65 g and the lowest was found in Serdang Bedagai Regency in treatment B0 with a value of 20.38 g . Figure 3. The relationship between the provision of compostable organic matter based on soil organic C in soybean plants in Serdang Bedagai Regency, Deli Serdang and Langkat Regency in polybags.

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Figure 3. Relationship between Compostable Organic Materials based on C organic Soil with Heavy Sample Planting

Figure 3. shows that compost organic matter based on Soil C-organic has a significant relationship to seed weight per polybag. Giving organic material with increased dosage or level until B3 treatment can increase the weight per polybag of the sample, but if added or increased dose of organic material to B4 can reduce the weight of soybean plant sample planting

The Effect of Composting on the Weight of 100 Seeds (g) in Polybag Media in Several Regencies The analysis found that the treatment of organic compost gave an impact on the weight of 100 seeds. The results of the average difference test for the weight of 100 seeds are known in Table 8. below.

Table 8. Effect of Composting on the Weight of 100 Seeds (g) Regencies Treatment Simalungun Serdang Bedagai Deli Serdang Langkat B0 7.20 6.38c 7.68d 10.35c B1 7.28 6.43c 8.58c 11.03b B2 5.88 7.95b 9.35b 12.15a B3 7.23 9.43a 10.28a 12.58a B4 7.05 7.93b 8.78c 11.63b

Table 8 shows the 95 % significant level of Ducan Multiple Distance Test; the weight of 100 soybean seeds in several regencies, namely Serdang Bedagai Regency, Deli Serdang Regency and Langkat Regency and highest in Langkat Regency was found in B3 treatment with a value of 12.58 g and lowest in Serdang Bedagai Regency in treatment B0 with a value of 6.38 g.

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Figure 4. Relationship between Compostable organic matter based on C organic soil with a weight of 100 seeds Figure 4 shows the relationship between the provision of organic compost based on soil organic C in soybean plants in several Regencies; they are: Serdang Bedagai Regency, Deli Serdang and Langkat in polybags. Figure 4. shows that compost organic matter based on soil C-organic has a significant relationship to the weight of 100 seeds. Giving organic material with increased dosage or level until B3 treatment can increase the weight of 100 seeds of plants but if added or increased dosage of organic ingredients to B4 can reduce the weight of 100 seeds of soybean plants.

Discussions Data analysis found that the treatment of organic compost gave a significant effect on the weight of 100 seeds. Data show that the compost organic matter based on Soil C-organic had a significant relationship to seed weight per polybag. Giving organic material with increased dosage or level until B3 treatment can increase the weight per polybag of the sample. Those different treatments and the four locations have revealed the highest and lowest increases of the soybean growth in North Sumatra Province. Data obtained results in the map of potential techniques and their impacts of soybean treatments. It supports Products containing soybeans are known for antioxidants through their source of isoflavones; it may protect various cancers, such as multiple myeloma and breast cancer (Islam et al, 2019). In Indonesia, soybeans are mostly processed for various kinds of food (Atman, 2006).The highest result supports the supply of soybeans in Indonesia. Ministry of Agriculture of Indonesia (2017) reports that the soybean consumption in the last five years (2012-2016) is relatively stagnant, averaging 8.29 kg / capita / year and tends to increase by 0.76% per year. In 2016 soybean consumption was 8.76 kg / capita / year, an increase of 3.87% from the previous year at 8.43 kg / capita / year. As for the performance of soybean availability for the same period (2012-2016), it was very volatile and showed a downward trend of 10.67% per year. Indonesian data of soybean sharp decline in 2016 was at 56.66%, from 11.01 kg / capita / year in 2015 to 4.36 kg / capita / year. Availability of soybeans in that period got an average of 8.85 kg / capita / year (Ministry of Agriculture, 2017). This production and consumption gap are increasingly evident because soybean commodities are also the raw material for animal feed industry whose needs continue to increase from year to year in line with the increase in animal consumption by the community. With these conditions, Indonesia has always faced an increasing deficit and has made Indonesia highly dependent on imported soybeans. Indonesia imports soybeans from the United States of 2,637,125 tons in 2017 (BPS, 2017).

International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 5, (2020), pp. 13386-13395

At present national soybean production can only meet 32% of domestic demand, namely 542 tons in 2017 (http://pangan.litbang.pertanian.go.id.2017.pdf), while the rest must be imported. Therefore, efforts to improve the performance of the soybean production system as a national food security subsystem are needed.

Production of Maize, Soybean, Peanut, Mungbean, Cassava and Sweet Potato, 2013-2017

As biologically active substances, isoflavones reduce the risk of menopausal symptoms, breast cancer, osteoporosis, dementia, and cardiovascular diseases (Pei et. Al, 2018). Thus, Yamori (2000) found that it reduces cancer rate in Okinawa. Prabowo (2008) argued the government needs to protect farmers because in other countries, the government not only protects farmers, but also agricultural products. Soybean development faces technical, social and economic problems (Sudaryanto and Swastika (2007). If the socio-economic conditions are conducive, technically the development of soybeans has the potential and opportunities that arise. The increase of soybean demand depends upon the public consumption of tofu and tempeh, as well as the supply of soy sauce industry (Mahdoh and Risyanto, 2018). Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) is a source of vegetable protein, soybeans have good nutritional quality for adult humans, including a high content of proteins (40-50%), lipids (20-30%) and carbohydrates (26- 30%), with more than 85%of proteins consisting of β-conglycinin and glycinin (Sabagh et al, 2019:228). Such as soybean and tofu, soybean is widely consumed in China (Fei et al., 2018). It needs to seek the technology application for higher soybean production (Fei et al., 2018). In Indonesia, soybeans are processed into various processed products such as milk, tempeh, tofu, soy sauce and many others. The needs of the community for soybeans increase every year, but national soybean production cannot fulfill the demand.

5. Conclusions Two conclusions were found the data analysis: First, the highest growth of soybean was in Simalungun Regency, it was in B3 treatment reached the value = 57.50 cm; in contrast, the lowest result was in Serdang Bedagai Regency in treatment B0 (without organic matter) which got value = 42.40 cm. The relationship between the provision of organic compost and based on C-organic soil in soybean plants in several regencies in polybags shows that compost organic matter based on C-organic soils has a significant relationship to plant height. Second, the application of organic fertilizer showed a significant effect on the growth and production of soybean plants in B3 treatment by giving 349 grams of waste compost per polybag. Farmers should be encouraged to use organic fertilizer because it will increase soybean crop production.

International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, No. 5, (2020), pp. 13386-13395

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