Model for Calculating Cruise Ship Fuel Consumption

MODEL FOR CALCULATING CRUISE SHIP FUEL CONSUMPTION

Morten Simonsen

Vestlandsforsking

Latest update: September 2017

Contents Data ...... 4 Calculating time span between registrations ...... 4 Calculating distance between two latitudes and longitudes ...... 5 Interpolation ...... 6 Algorithm for calculating fuel consumption in open sea ...... 7 Auxiliary power ...... 10 Draught corrections ...... 10 Algorithm for calculating fuel consumption in port ...... 10 Errors in delivered data set ...... 12 Model anomalies ...... 13 Results ...... 13 References ...... 33

Figure 1 Fuel consumption in port for different cruise ships ...... 11 Figure 2 Norwegian Star, route May 2016...... 13 Figure 3 Percentiles from speed distribution for Norwegian Star, May 2016, Sognefjord area ...... 16 Figure 4 Speed distribution for Norwegian Star in Norwegian waters, May 2016 ...... 17 Figure 5 Fuel consumption profile (kg pr nautical mile) for Norwegian Star in May, 2016...... 17

Table 1 Baseline fuel consumption for high speed diesel engines ...... 9 Table 2 Data for fuel consumption in port from Skagway-report ...... 12 Table 3 Ship with erroneous speed registrations ...... 12 Table 4 Fuel consumption at open sea, Norwegian Star, May 2016 ...... 14 Table 5 Fuel consumption in port, Norwegian Star May 2016...... 14 Table 6 Speed distribution in Sognefjord area, Norwegian Star, May 2016...... 16 Table 7 Predicted fuel consumption for different speeds according to fuel consumption profile for Norwegian Star, May 2016 ...... 18 Table 8 Speed, distance and fuel consumption for all cruise ships in Norwegian waters, 2016...... 18 Table 9 Summary of speed, distance and fuel consumption at sea and in port for different geographical areas ...... 32

Equation 1 Minutes between two consecutive time registrations on the same day ...... 4 Equation 2 Minutes between two consecutive time registrations on two consecutive days ...... 4 Equation 3 Linear interpolation...... 4 Equation 4 Difference between latitudes to radians ...... 5 Equation 5 Difference between longitudes to radians ...... 5

Equation 6 Latitude to radian ...... 5 Equation 7 Square of the chord length between latitude and longitude points ...... 5 Equation 8 Angular distance between radians...... 5 Equation 9 Distance between pairs of latitudes and longitudes in meters ...... 6 Equation 10 Interpolation factor for exponential interpolation ...... 7 Equation 11 Exponential interpolation ...... 7 Equation 12 Applied power for a given speed ...... 8 Equation 13 Draught factor ...... 8 Equation 14 Instantaneous load factor ...... 8 Equation 15 Reference power for diesel-electric ships...... 8 Equation 16 Instantaneous specific fuel consumption ...... 9 Equation 17 Instantaneous kWh ...... 9 Equation 18 Instantaneous fuel consumption in tons ...... 9 Equation 19 Auxiliary Instantaneous power ...... 10 Equation 20 Instantaneous kWh for auxiliary power ...... 10 Equation 21 Instantaneous fuel consumption in tons for auxiliary power ...... 10 Equation 22 The estimated multivariate regression model ...... 11 Equation 23 Fuel consumption tons pr hour in port ...... 11 Equation 24 Fuel consumption in port ...... 11

Data The model is based on data delivered by the Norwegian Coastal Authority. The data set contains geographical locations as well as speed measured at 5 minutes intervals for each cruise ship entering Norwegian waters in 2016. The data are measured pr ship pr month.

In the model, we interpolate speed registrations between two consecutive geographical locations. For each ship, time spent in port is also measured on the same time interval. This makes it possible to have different algorithms for calculating fuel consumption for different modes such as operations in open sea, manoeuvring into port and stay in port.

In addition, Vestlandsforsking have developed a database for 160 cruise ships which covers all the ships operating in Norwegian waters in 2016. This database contains information about ship properties like gross weight, berths, year built, power rating based on mcr (maximum continuous rating) , machine configuration (i.e. diesel electric or not), number of main and auxiliary engines and generators, numbers and type of propellers, service and maximum speed etc.

Calculating time span between registrations For every two registrations for one cruise ship we calculate the number of minutes between these registrations. Number of minutes is then used for calculating the amount of time an engine load has been applied. This again gives the energy consumption in e.g. kilowatt-hours.

The calculations of minutes must take into consideration that the time span between the two registrations may include two consecutive days. If both time registrations are for the same day, we calculate minutes according to Equation 1 where t0 is the first of two consecutive registrations and t1 is the second.

Equation 1 Minutes between two consecutive time registrations on the same day

minutes = {(ℎ표푢푟푡1) ∗ 60 + 푚𝑖푛푢푡푒푠푡1} − {(ℎ표푢푟푡0) ∗ 60 + 푚𝑖푛푢푡푒푠푡0}

If the two time registrations are for two consecutive days, we must first calculate minutes until midnight for the first registration. This is done in Equation 2 where TotMinday1 is the total number of minutes in one day, i.e. 24 hours multiplied with 60 minutes.

Equation 2 Minutes between two consecutive time registrations on two consecutive days

minutes = {(ℎ표푢푟푡1) ∗ 60 + 푚𝑖푛푢푡푒푠푡1} − {푇표푡푀𝑖푛푑푎푦1 − ((ℎ표푢푟푡0) ∗ 60 + 푚𝑖푛푢푡푒푠푡0)}

If the time span between the two consecutive time registration is more than one day, minutes are set to 1 minute. Since we only have registrations in Norwegian waters, cruise ships may return to a port outside this area, i.e.. Hamburg, in order to pick up new passengers. For the following first registration in Norwegian waters we assume 1 minute sailing time with the registered speed.

With minutes calculated, we can implement the linear interpolation according to Equation 3 where the symbol TS is target speed, BS is base speed, t is number of minutes from registration of base speed, St is interpolated speed at time t and totMin are minutes taken from calculations above in Equation 1 or Equation 2.

Equation 3 Linear interpolation

(푇푆 − 퐵푆) 푆 = 퐵푆 + { } ∗ 푡 푡 (푡표푡푀𝑖푛)

Let us give an example. On May 3rd, 2016, at 16:10 the cruise ship Norwegian Star left the port in Ålesund, Norway. At 16:15, the ship had a speed of 4.2 knots. Assume we want to find the speed 3 minutes after the first time registration. We have 5 minutes between the base speed at 0 knots and the target speed at 4.2 knots. This gives an increase of 4.2/5=0.84 knots pr minute between the the two speed registration. For the 3rd minute, we get 0+0.84*3=2.52 knots.

Calculating distance between two latitudes and longitudes The haversine formula is used to calculate the distance between two pairs of latitude and longitude combinations 1. First, the differences between latitudes and longitudes are found and converted to radians. This is shown in Equation 4 and Equation 5 where Latt0 is the first latitude registration and

Latt1 is the second. The same logic applies to longitudes.

Equation 4 Difference between latitudes to radians

(퐿푎푡푡1 − 퐿푎푡푡0) ∗ 휋 dLat = 180

Equation 5 Difference between longitudes to radians

(퐿푛푔푡1 − 퐿푛푔푡0) ∗ 휋 dLng = 180

Each latitude in the two pairs is also turn into a radian, as shown in Equation 6 where the subscript i stands for each of the two latitudes in the pair. The equation produces variables Lat1rad and Lat2rad.

Equation 6 Latitude to radian

(퐿푎푡푖) ∗ 휋 Lat = 푟푎푑,푖 180

We then find the symbol a 2 which is the square of half the chord 3 length between the points and the symbol c which is the angular distance in radians.

Equation 7 Square of the chord length between latitude and longitude points

sin(푑퐿푎푡) 2 sin(푑퐿표푛) 2 a = ( ) + ( ) + cos 퐿푎푡1 + cos 퐿푎푡2 2 2 푟푎푑 푟푎푑

Equation 8 Angular distance between radians

c = 2 ∗ 푎푡푎푛2 (√푎, √(1 − 푎))

1 See http://www.movable-type.co.uk/scripts/latlong.html 2 ibid. 3 " More generally, a chord is a line segment joining two points on any curve, for instance an ellipse", see Wikipedia, 5

In Equation 8, atan2 is arctangent function 4. Finally, we find the distance between two pairs of latitudes and longitudes in meters.

Equation 9 Distance between pairs of latitudes and longitudes in meters

m = 푅 ∗ 푐 ∗ 1000

In Equation 9, R is the diameter of the earth, 6371 km.

Interpolation Two interpolation algorithms are implemented in order to calculate speed between to consecutive time registrations. Interpolation of speed is based on a current speed for a given point in time and the speed at the previous time registration. The last speed is referred to as base speed and the first is the target speed. If base speed is zero, a linear interpolation is used. If base speed is larger than zero, an exponential algorithm is used.

The linear interpolation proceeds as follows. First we find the difference between the target speed (TS) and the base speed (BS). Then we calculate the number of minutes between the two speed registrations as described above. This calculation is also used for exponential interpolation.

The linear interpolation is used when the base speed is zero. This usually occurs when ships are leaving a port. The linear interpolation is therefore mostly used for manoeuvring speed inside or just outside ports. At this point, we should also mention that the distance covered when manoeuvring is very small. When we calculate fuel consumption pr nautical mile, manoeuvring will give very high fuel consumption because the ship may move less than 1 nautical mile at that speed. This was the case for the registrations for Norwegian Star. During the 5 minute interval, the ship only moved some 200 meters. When we analyse the distribution of fuel consumption pr nautical mile we only include movements larger than a quarter of a nautical mile, e.g. approximately 460 meters. This rule is implemented in order to exclude extreme fuel consumption over short distances while manoeuvring in port.

Exponential interpolation is used when both base and target speed is above zero and the number of days between to consecutive registrations is no more than 1. When number of days is larger than 1 we assume that the ship has left Norwegian waters and then entered again some days later. In that case we assume that the number of minutes for the first registration when re-entering Norwegian waters is 1.

By using exponential interpolation, we assume that the speed is approaching the target speed more and more the closer we get to that target speed. In other words, there is assumed to be an element of acceleration (or de-acceleration when the sip is slowing down).

First we find the interpolation factor (IF) between the two speeds. This factor gives the expected increase (or decrease) for every minute. Number of minutes is calculated as described above in Equation 1 or Equation 2.

4 Note that when using the atan2 function in Excel, the arguments a and 1-a are reversed, as opposed to programming languages C#, javascript and Java. 6

Equation 10 Interpolation factor for exponential interpolation

1 ( ) 푇푆 푚푖푛푢푡푒푠 IF = 퐵푆

The formula for exponential interpolation is showed in Equation 11 where BS is base speed, IF is interpolation factor from Equation 10, t is number of minutes from base speed registration and St is interpolated speed at time t.

Equation 11 Exponential interpolation

푡 푆푡 = 퐵푆 ∗ 퐼퐹

On May 20th, at 17:20, Norwegian Star was just outside Valle in Sunnmøre region, Western Norway. This is on the entrance to the Storfjord which leads to the Geiranger port, one of the most popular cruise destinations in Norway. The speed was 17,3 knots. The previous speed registration was 17.2 knots at 17:15, 1.44 nautical miles to the west. Assume we want to find the speed 3 minutes from the base speed registration. We first find the interpolation factor which is 17.3/17.2=1.0058. If we take this factor to the power of 1/5 (which is number of minutes) we get an assumed speed increase of 1.001 knots pr minute. Since we want to know the speed at 3 minutes from base speed registration we calculate 17.2*(1.0013)=17.26 knots.

We have chosen to interpolate speed for every two registrations and calculate fuel consumption for all intermediate speeds. This is done because for many registrations, the time span between them is more than 5 minutes. For instance, Norwegian Star was registered with a speed of 15 knots at May 7th, 15:40. The previous speed registration was at 15:25 with 14.9 knots. On September 18th, the same ship was registered with a speed of 15.5 knots at 04:10. The previous registration was 38 minutes before at 03:32 with 15 knots. Even if the speed difference is minor between the two registrations, interpolation between them will yield a uniform approach to fuel calculations independent of the variations in time span between two registrations.

The underlying problem is that there are missing gaps in the data set generated by the Norwegian Coastal Authorities since registrations do not always have the same time span between them. Since we apply speed interpolation to all registrations and calculate fuel consumption for all interpolated values, these gaps will not bias the fuel calculations.

Algorithm for calculating fuel consumption in open sea The algorithm is based n the following steps:

 Find the load on the power rating necessary to attain a given speed.  Calculate the applied power rating in kilowatt (kW) using the calculated load.  Calculate the time span for that speed.  Combine the actual power applied with the time span in order to calculate power consumption in kilowatt pr hour (kWh).  Aggregate the calculated fuel consumption for the time a cruise ship spent in open sea pr month.  Add fuel consumption for hotel functions in open sea.

The following equation is taken from the "Third IMO Greenhouse Gas Study 2014", page 177. It is used to calculate the power rating required to attain a given speed for a given ship at a given location.

Equation 12 Applied power for a given speed

2 ( ) 푛 퐷푡 3 푉푡 푃푟푒푓( ) ( ) 퐷푟푒푓 푉푟푒푓 푃푡 = 휏푤휏푓

P is engine power, V is speed and D is draught while t is measurements for these properties at time t and ref indicates reference values for the same properties. Reference value for speed is the ship's 5 service speed . The symbol 휏푤 is a constant (1.15) allowing for the effect of weather on propulsion efficiency while 휏푓 is a constant describing the effect of fouling on the same efficiency (1.09). The value n is the ratio of speed and power and has a constant value of 3.

Draught data for cruise ships are based on measurements from the Norwegian Coastal Authority in Norwegian waters. We have not been able to join draught registrations for a cruise ship with its speed registrations since they are at measured at different times. The draught factor is then defined as a ratio of the minimum registered draught for a ship over the maximum over the measurement period. This calculation is showed in Equation 13.

Equation 13 Draught factor

퐷푡 퐷푚푖푛 = 퐷푟푒푓 퐷푚푎푥

Equation 12 will give us the applied power in kW for a given speed. Since we know the installed engine power for each ship we may calculate the load factor for that speed. This is done in

Equation 14 Instantaneous load factor

푃푡 퐿푡 = 푃푟푒푓 where 퐿푡 is the instantaneous load factor at time t required to produce the power necessary to attain a given speed.

For diesel-electric ships, the reference power is calculated using a propulsion factor. The propulsion power is defined as the sum of power yield for each electric motor. This power as a proportion of total power is defined as propulsion factor for diesel-electric ships. The assumption is that these ships use a proportion of total power for auxiliary purposes such as lightning, HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) and hot water provision. The propulsion power then measures the proportion of total power exclusively used for propulsion. The rest (1 minus the propulsion factor) is used for auxiliary purposes.

Equation 15 Reference power for diesel-electric ships

5 The use of service speed rather than max speed is confirmed in personal communication with Tristan Smith, one of the authors of the IMO report (e-mail June 12th, 2017). 8

푛 ∑ 퐸푃푖 푃 = ( 푖=1 ) ∗ 푇푃 푟푒푓 푇푃

Equation 15 shows the calculation of the reference power for diesel-electric ships by using the propulsion factor. EPi is the power of the i'th electric motor while n is number of electric motors. The symbol TP is the ship's total power.

The next step is to calculate specific fuel consumption based on the load factor at time t. The following equation is taken from the same IMO report (page 110).

Equation 16 Instantaneous specific fuel consumption

2 푆퐹퐶푡 = 푆퐹퐶푏푎푠푒 ∗ (1.28 − (0.71 ∗ 퐿푡) + (0.455 ∗ 퐿푡 ))

Equation 16 calculates the instantaneous fuel consumption at time t given a baseline and the load factor from Equation 14. The baseline is taken from the same IMO report, table 49, page 109. It gives the baseline fuel consumption in g pr kWh for high speed diesel engines built in different periods. The table is reproduced in Table 1.

Table 1 Baseline fuel consumption for high speed diesel engines

Year build Baseline in g/kWh Before 1983 225 1984-2000 205 post 2001 195

The final step is to calculate the time span for the fuel consumption in Equation 16. This is done by calculating the minutes between two speed registrations for a cruise ship. The minutes are converted into hours to give estimated kWh for a given kW.

Equation 17 Instantaneous kWh

(푚푡 − 푚푡0) 푘푊ℎ = 푃 ∗ 푡 푡 60

Equation 17 gives the calculated kWh at time t. The symbol t0 is the previous time registration and the value for Pt is taken from Equation 12.

Equation 18 Instantaneous fuel consumption in tons

퐹푡 = 푘푊ℎ푡 ∗ 푆퐹퐶푡

Equation 18 shows calculation of fuel consumption at time t (Ft) based on instantaneous kilowatt- hours and instantaneous specific fuel consumption (SFCt) taken from Equation 16.

Auxiliary power Auxiliary power consumption is only estimated for diesel-electric ships. Is is assumed that these ships use a certain portion of total power for auxiliary purposes such as lightning, HVAC (heating, ventilation and air condition) and hot water provision.

For diesel-electric ship, the model uses the proportion of the total power not used for propulsion as the power dedicated to auxiliary purposes. Equation 19 shows the calculation where APt is the instantaneous auxiliary proportion of total power at time t.

Equation 19 Auxiliary Instantaneous power

푛 ∑ 퐸푃푖 퐴푃 = {1 − ( 푖=1 )} ∗ 푇푃 푡 푇푃

Equation 20 Instantaneous kWh for auxiliary power

(푚푡 − 푚푡0) 푘푊ℎ = 퐴푃 ∗ 푡−푎푢푥 푡 60

Equation 20 shows how we find the power applied for auxiliary purposes over a time span between two registrations. It is identical to Equation 17 for propulsion power. Finally, Equation 21 shows how we calculate fuel consumption in tons using the same specific fuel consumption as in Equation 18.

Equation 21 Instantaneous fuel consumption in tons for auxiliary power

퐹푡−푎푢푥 = 푘푊ℎ푡−푎푢푥 ∗ 푆퐹퐶푡

Draught corrections A ship's draught is the number of feet from the waterline to the lowest point on the ship's keel. In other words, it is a measurement of how much of the ship is submerged in water. Several ships are registered with obviously wrong draughts. For example, the cruise ship "Mein Schiff 1" is registered with a draught of 0.1 on September 5th, at 19:36:43. The ship was at that time sailing in the outer parts of the Oslofjord, approximately at position latitude=58.915, longitude=10.488.

There are several registrations for the same ship with draughts below 1 which is obviously wrong. In the database, the 90th percentile for the ratio of maximum registered draught to the minimum one has a value of 1.785. We have assumed that no draught for a given ship may be less than 1/1.785 of the maximum registered draught for that ship.

Algorithm for calculating fuel consumption in port We have used an investigation into fuel consumption for cruise ships in Skagway Alaska, 2008, as basis for calculation of fuel consumption in port. For consumption at open sea we have used a bottom-up approach based on engine configuration. For fuel consumption in port we use a top-down approach based on information about fuel consumption in tons per hour in port given by 11 different ships from the Alaska report.

Stays in port are defined as registrations for ships with speed less than 1 knot.

Figure 1 Fuel consumption in port for different cruise ships

Figure 1 shows the estimated relationship between gross weight and tonnes pr hour fuel spent in port for the cruise ships in the Alaska report. We have applied a multivariate regression model based an assumed log-log relationship between tons pr hour and gross weight, berths and machine configuration for the ships. Machine configuration is a dummy variable with 1 for diesel-electric cruise ships (marked with black circles in Figure 1) and 0 for all other ships (marked with red circles).

Equation 22 The estimated multivariate regression model

푓푢푒푙푡표푛푛푒푠 ln ( ) = ln(퐺푟표푠푠푊푒𝑖푔ℎ푡) + 푙푛(푏푒푟푡ℎ푠) + 퐷푢푚푚푦 + 푒푟푟표푟 ℎ표푢푟 푑푖푒푠푒푙−푒푙푒푐푡푟푖푐

With regression coefficients from the estimated model we obtain the following equation:

Equation 23 Fuel consumption tons pr hour in port

퐹푢푒푙푡표푛푛푒 (−21.09+(3.14∗log(퐺푟표푠푠푊푔푡))+(−1.74∗log(berths ))+( −0.17∗퐷푢푚푚푦 )) = 푒 퐷𝑖푒푠푒푙−푒푙푒푐푡푟𝑖푐 ℎ표푢푟

We find the total fuel consumption for a stay in port by multiplying tons pr hour with the actual stay in hours.

Equation 24 Fuel consumption in port

퐹푢푒푙푡표푛푛푒 퐹푢푒푙 = ∗ ℎ표푢푟푠 푖푛−푝표푟푡−푡표푛푛푒 ℎ표푢푟 푖푛−푝표푟푡

Hours in port is found by taking the hour of the day for the last registration in the port minus the hour of the day for the first registration, correcting for stays that last more than one day.

Table 2 shows the data set used for estimating the multivariate regression model in Equation 23.

Table 2 Data for fuel consumption in port from Skagway-report

Tons pr hour in Dummy Gross port (1=diesel Ship weight Berths Skagway electric) NORWEGIAN STAR 91740 3000 2.7 1 SERENADE OF THE SEAS 90090 2500 2.7 0 RHAPSODY OF THE SEAS 78878 2417 1.495 1 ISLAND PRINCESS 92822 2581 2.25 1 RADIANCE OF THE SEA 90090 2495 4.74 0 NORWEGIAN PEARL 93530 3130 2.5 1 STAR PRINCESS 108977 3300 2.6 1 GOLDEN PRINCESS 108865 3300 2.5 1 DIAMOND PRINCESS 115906 3100 4.05 1 NORWEGIAN SUN 78309 2450 2.1 1 MEIN SCHIFF 2 77302 2681 1.295 0

Errors in delivered data set We have observed the following errors in the data delivered by the Norwegian Coastal Authorities:

 Draught. Cruise ship "Mein Schiff 1" is registered with a draught of 0.1 on September 5th, 2016, 19:36:43. The same ship has 22 registrations with a draught below 1.

Table 3 Ship with erroneous speed registrations

Max Service mmsi Ship name Date-time Longitude Latitude Speed speed speed 258210000 GANN 16-03-2016 05:31 5.72298 58.9908 102.3 257276000 NORDSTJERNEN 19-05-2016 15:32 5.28996 59.3318 102.3 15.5 249727000 HORIZON 24-05-2016 14:26 7.18855 62.1101 102.3 21.4 19.5 249727000 HORIZON 24-05-2016 14:32 7.18858 62.1101 102.3 21.4 19.5 308445000 AMADEA 09-06-2016 16:50 5.19661 60.3175 33.2 20 255717000 OCEAN MAJESTY 13-06-2016 12:56 7.13285 60.8686 102.3 20 247258100 COSTA PACIFICA 01-07-2016 08:33 7.05761 62.091 102.3 23 21.5 247258100 COSTA PACIFICA 01-07-2016 08:37 7.08794 62.0986 102.3 23 21.5 244126000 PRINSENDAM 02-07-2016 23:25 5.0332 61.1736 102.3 22.9 21.8 255717000 OCEAN MAJESTY 12-07-2016 16:05 4.71288 60.8196 102.3 20 255717000 OCEAN MAJESTY 12-07-2016 19:45 4.96162 61.6017 102.3 20 311085000 STAR LEGEND 03-08-2016 06:14 7.18979 62.106 102.3 19.3 16 311085000 STAR LEGEND 03-08-2016 06:18 7.18973 62.106 102.3 19.3 16 309908000 HAMBURG 01-09-2016 07:30 13.5724 68.1276 102.3 18 309908000 HAMBURG 01-09-2016 07:50 13.5724 68.1275 102.3 18

Table 3 shows 15 ships with erroneous speed registrations. For these ships, the speed is set to the previous non-erroneous registration. We have assumed a maximum theoretical speed limit of 1.5

12 times the service speed. All speed measurements above this limit is set equal to it. We do not have information about maximum speed for all ships, but we have information about service speed for all of them. Therefore we use a factor of the service speed as theoretical limit. The ship "Ocean Endeavour" has a maximum speed that is 1.33 times the service speed. This is the maximum ratio of maximum to service speed in the database.

Model anomalies The model will give high fuel consumption in some cases. At September 18th, 16:25, the cruise ship Norwegian Star was located outside Lerwick harbour, Shetland Island. The ship was cruising at 4.3 knots. The next registration is at 16:29. At that point, the ship had a registered speed of 20.1 knots and was located 7.7 nautical miles from the previous location. In just 4 minutes, the ship accelerated almost 16 knots. The estimated fuel consumption for these 4 minutes is 18.3 tons which gives 5991.63 kg pr nautical mile.

In 2016, May 20th, 03:22, the cruise ship Aurora was cruising in the Nordfjord area, just east of Ålfoten. The registered speed was 13.1 knots. The next registration for the ship is 14 hours and 28 minutes later, on May 20th, 17:50, just north of Davik in Nordfjord. The ship was then moving in a north-west direction with a speed of 18.3 knots. During this time span, the ship moved 7.4 nautical miles (13.7 km) according to the data from the Norwegian Coastal Authorities. The model assumes that the ship was accelerating from 13.1 knots to 18.3 knots for 14 hours and 28 minutes, just to cover 7.4 nautical miles. This, of course, gives an unrealistic fuel consumption in kg pr nautical mile. Either the consecutive registrations must to be wrong or the ship was lying still for several hours without this being registered.

Results In the following we will present some results from model calculations.

Figure 2 shows the route for the cruise ship Norwegian Star in Norwegian waters, May 2016. The ship visited Geiranger, Flåm (Sognefjord area) plus the cities Ålesund and Bergen.

Figure 2 Norwegian Star, route May 2016.

Table 4 shows fuel consumption for the cruise ship Norwegian Star in May 2016.

Table 4 Fuel consumption at open sea, Norwegian Star, May 2016

Ship Norwegian star Month May-16 Service speed 25 Gross tonnage 91740 Berths 3000 Nautical miles 2644.2 Fuel consumption (tons) Open sea 1219.8 In port 180.8 Total 1400.6

Table 5 shows fuel consumption in port for the same ship same month.

Table 5 Fuel consumption in port, Norwegian Star May 2016

Fuel From To Lat Lng Port Hours (tons)

03-05-2016 05:45 03-05-2016 16:15 62.469 6.151 Ålesund 11 22.3

04-05-2016 04:05 04-05-2016 15:00 62.114 7.176 Geiranger 11 22.3

05-05-2016 07:00 05-05-2016 17:10 60.864 7.12 Flåm 10 20.3

06-05-2016 04:00 06-05-2016 15:10 60.404 5.314 Bergen 11 22.3

19-05-2016 05:45 19-05-2016 17:15 62.469 6.155 Ålesund 12 24.4

20-05-2016 03:30 20-05-2016 15:05 62.11 7.184 Geiranger 12 24.4

21-05-2016 06:45 21-05-2016 17:05 60.865 7.122 Flåm 11 22.3

21-05-2016 17:16 21-05-2016 17:20 60.874 7.136 Flåm 0 0

22-05-2016 04:35 22-05-2016 15:10 60.404 5.314 Bergen 11 22.3

22-05-2016 15:15 22-05-2016 15:20 60.405 5.298 Bergen 0 0

Table 6 Speed distribution in Sognefjord area, Norwegian Star, May 2016.

Ship name Norwegian star Month May-16 Area Sognefjord Speed values Min 0 P5 6.8 P10 11.5 P25 12.3 P50 14.6 P75 17 P90 20.9 P95 21.2 Max 22.5 Mean 14.6 Standard deviation 3.9 Cv 27.1 Sum nautical miles 320.7 Sum fuel at sea (tons) 149.1 Kg fuel pr nautical mile 464.9 Service speed 25

Figure 3 Percentiles from speed distribution for Norwegian Star, May 2016, Sognefjord area

16 range 12.3-17 knots which is well below the ship's service speed. Figure 3 shows the percentiles for the speed distribution for Norwegian Star in the Sognefjord area, May 2016.

Figure 4 Speed distribution for Norwegian Star in Norwegian waters, May 2016

Table 6 shows the distribution of speed values for the cruise ship Norwegian Star in May 2016 in the Sognefjord area. This area is defined as the whole geographical area from the mouth to the inner parts of the Sognefjord. As can be seen from that table, 10% of all speed registrations in this area was below 11.5 knots while 10% was above 20.9 knots. In all, 50% of all speed registrations were in the range 12.3-17 knots which is well below the ship's service speed. Figure 3 shows the percentiles for the speed distribution for Norwegian Star in the Sognefjord area, May 2016.

Figure 4 shows the speed distribution for Norwegian Star in Norwegian waters in May 2016. As can be seen from the figure, the ship spent most of its time in port. Most of the other speed registrations were in the range 14.5-18 knots.

Figure 5 Fuel consumption profile (kg pr nautical mile) for Norwegian Star in May, 2016.

Figure 5 shows the fuel consumption profile for Norwegian Star in Norwegian waters May 2016. The x-axis is the speed while the y-axis is fuel consumption in kg pr nautical mile. The polynomial trend in given by Equation 16, but is is interesting to see just where the optimal fuel consumption is. The figure shoes that speed reductions make sense if a cruise ship approximately equal to Norwegian Star is cruising at around 20 knots. On the other hand, a speed reduction when the ship is cruising at 13- 14 knots would actually increase fuel consumption. This is also shown in Table 7 where fuel consumption is predicted for different speed according to the fuel consumption profile for Norwegian Star, May 2016. The table shows that speed reduction increases fuel consumption if the ship is cruising at 13 knots. Above 15 knots a speed reduction will decrease fuel consumption. This trend shows that the engines load is optimized for speed around 13-15 knots.

Table 7 Predicted fuel consumption for different speeds according to fuel consumption profile for Norwegian Star, May 2016

Fuel pr nautical Speed mile (kg) 5 684.4 6 632.7 7 586.9 8 546.9 9 512.7 10 484.3 11 461.8 12 445.1 13 434.2 14 429.2 15 430 16 436.6 17 449 18 467.3 19 491.4 20 521.3

Table 8 shows mean speed, distance travelled and fuel consumption at sea and in port for all cruise ships every month in Norwegian waters in 2016.

Table 8 Speed, distance and fuel consumption for all cruise ships in Norwegian waters, 2016.

Nautical Fuel at Fuel in kg/nautical Name Ship name Month Speed Miles sea port mile NorthSea AidaAmar May-16 14.6 99.2 29.1 0 293.3 NorwegianWaters AidaAmar May-16 12.5 895 263.3 69.3 294.2 NorwegianWaters AidaAmar Sep-16 13.7 343 105 56.4 306.1 NorwegianWaters AidaDiva Apr-16 14.5 251.1 79.6 19.6 317.0 NorwegianWaters AidaDiva May-16 13.2 204.1 58.2 19.6 285.2 NorwegianWaters AidaDiva Jul-16 13.5 325.3 96.6 27.6 297.0

NorthSea AidaDiva Sep-16 16.5 170.6 53.4 0 313.0 NorwegianWaters AidaDiva Sep-16 14.7 369.9 112.6 12.7 304.4 NorwegianWaters Aidaluna Apr-16 13.9 189.5 58 0 306.1 NorthSea Aidaluna May-16 17.9 134.8 45.8 0 339.8 NorwegianWaters Aidaluna May-16 14.8 858.2 265.2 52.9 309.0 NorthSea Aidaluna Jun-16 18.9 264 95.2 0 360.6 NorwegianWaters Aidaluna Jun-16 16.2 1971.6 659.8 56.4 334.7 NorthSea Aidaluna Jul-16 18.6 109.9 38.3 0 348.5 NorwegianWaters Aidaluna Jul-16 15.9 1639.9 535.1 56.4 326.3 Sognefjord Aidaluna Aug-16 12.8 484.9 141.3 38 291.4 NorthSea Aidaluna Aug-16 17 269.4 88.4 0 328.1 NorwegianWaters Aidaluna Aug-16 14.9 2770.5 1092.8 97.8 394.4 Hardangerfjord AidaSol Jun-16 15.2 121.8 38 17.7 312.0 Geiranger AidaSol Jun-16 14.6 95.6 36.1 16.1 377.6 NorthSea AidaSol Jun-16 15.7 244.8 76.9 0 314.1 NorwegianWaters AidaSol Jun-16 14.5 1669.2 553.1 98.3 331.4 Hardangerfjord AidaSol Jul-16 14.9 121.5 37.2 16.1 306.2 Geiranger AidaSol Jul-16 14.2 97.6 33.6 16.1 344.3 NorthSea AidaSol Jul-16 16.4 248.4 80.4 0 323.7 NorwegianWaters AidaSol Jul-16 14.2 1821.2 602.7 112.8 330.9 Geiranger AidaSol Aug-16 14.2 194.2 64.6 30.6 332.6 NorthSea AidaSol Aug-16 15.8 354.9 116.7 0 328.8 NorwegianWaters AidaSol Aug-16 14.5 2418.5 932.6 141.8 385.6 Hardangerfjord AidaSol Sep-16 13.8 243.3 73.6 35.4 302.5 Geiranger AidaSol Sep-16 14.2 197 71.6 29 363.5 NorthSea AidaSol Sep-16 15.2 483.4 157.5 0 325.8 NorwegianWaters AidaSol Sep-16 13.8 3295.8 1098.3 183.6 333.2 NorwegianWaters AidaVita Oct-16 13.9 315.9 85 3.8 269.1 NorwegianWaters AidaVita Apr-16 17.4 35.4 11.5 0 324.9 Hardangerfjord AidaVita May-16 12.5 128.7 37.6 4.3 292.2 NorthSea AidaVita May-16 9 79.1 19.2 0 242.7 NorwegianWaters AidaVita May-16 11.7 646 173 23.9 267.8 NorwegianWaters AidaVita Jun-16 12.4 373.9 95.9 25.5 256.5 Geiranger AidaVita Jul-16 14.1 94 33.9 4.9 360.6 NorthSea AidaVita Jul-16 16 168.6 50.6 0 300.1 NorwegianWaters AidaVita Jul-16 14.5 2401.7 697.8 33.1 290.5 Geiranger AidaVita Aug-16 15 98.4 39.6 4.9 402.4 NorthSea AidaVita Aug-16 16.9 134.5 41.7 0 310.0 NorwegianWaters AidaVita Aug-16 14.8 2752 830.6 45 301.8 NorthSea AidaVita Sep-16 17.6 145.1 47.3 0 326.0 NorwegianWaters AidaVita Sep-16 16 339.1 101.9 0 300.5 NorthSea Albatros May-16 16.9 141 22 0 156.0 NorwegianWaters Albatros May-16 15.8 498.2 71.7 5.8 143.9 Sognefjord Albatros Jun-16 13.6 177.1 21 3.7 118.6 Geiranger Albatros Jun-16 16.3 94.2 14.1 2.9 149.7 NorthSea Albatros Jun-16 17.1 131.5 19.8 0 150.6

NorwegianWaters Albatros Jun-16 15.1 1334.6 178 18.2 133.4 Geiranger Albatros Jul-16 14.5 94.6 12.5 2.9 132.1 NorthSea Albatros Jul-16 16.9 153.7 22.2 0 144.4 NorwegianWaters Albatros Jul-16 16.3 1898.9 272.4 12.8 143.5 NorthSea Albatros Aug-16 16.7 397.9 58.6 0 147.3 NorwegianWaters Albatros Aug-16 16.6 515.2 75.1 0 145.8 Sognefjord Albatros Sep-16 11.3 159.9 12.2 3.7 76.3 NorthSea Albatros Sep-16 17.1 222.4 34.2 0 153.8 NorwegianWaters Albatros Sep-16 14 1066.1 124.7 9.9 117.0 Sognefjord Amadea May-16 12.4 161.4 11.8 9.4 73.1 Geiranger Amadea May-16 15.7 93.2 9.8 8.4 105.2 NorthSea Amadea May-16 17.9 186.1 22.3 0 119.8 NorwegianWaters Amadea May-16 14.3 1385.9 127.4 52.2 91.9 Geiranger Amadea Jun-16 13.8 93.4 8.1 7.3 86.7 NorthSea Amadea Jun-16 16.4 223.7 23.6 0 105.5 NorwegianWaters Amadea Jun-16 14.9 2266.3 215.5 89.8 95.1 NorwegianWaters Amadea Jul-16 15.5 759.4 76.2 23 100.3 Geiranger Amadea Aug-16 13.1 93.6 7 8.4 74.8 NorthSea Amadea Aug-16 15.3 432.9 42 0 97.0 NorwegianWaters Amadea Aug-16 14.5 2911.7 264.1 83.6 90.7 NorwegianWaters Amadea Sep-16 15.2 96.2 8.8 0 91.5 NorwegianWaters Arcadia Dec-16 16.6 415.1 310.9 23.2 749.0 Sognefjord Arcadia Jun-16 15.2 321.3 226.3 46.4 704.3 Geiranger Arcadia Jun-16 12.5 107.3 146.8 58 1368.1 NorthSea Arcadia Jun-16 20.4 245.1 193.8 0 790.7 NorwegianWaters Arcadia Jun-16 15.6 1933 1770.9 171.6 916.1 Sognefjord Arcadia Aug-16 16.1 161.7 120.2 25.5 743.4 NorthSea Arcadia Aug-16 18.9 273.6 207.3 0 757.7 NorwegianWaters Arcadia Aug-16 16.6 1140.6 853.3 88.1 748.1 Sognefjord Arcadia Sep-16 17 161.3 125 25.5 775.0 NorthSea Arcadia Sep-16 19.6 297.7 227.2 0 763.2 NorwegianWaters Arcadia Sep-16 17.2 1362.8 1195.2 88.1 877.0 NorthSea Astor May-16 13.8 96.2 8.4 0 87.3 NorwegianWaters Astor May-16 14.7 344.9 34.1 0 98.9 Geiranger Astor Jun-16 12.9 98 7.9 1.9 80.6 NorthSea Astor Jun-16 13.5 83.5 7.3 0 87.4 NorwegianWaters Astor Jun-16 14.6 1056.6 103.8 4.1 98.2 Geiranger Astor Jul-16 13.8 98.6 9.6 1.9 97.4 NorthSea Astor Jul-16 13.7 46.6 4 0 85.8 NorwegianWaters Astor Jul-16 14.4 584.2 56.6 5.3 96.9 NorthSea Astor Aug-16 15.9 76.9 8.4 0 109.2 NorwegianWaters Astor Aug-16 16.1 159.1 17.7 0 111.3 NorthSea Astoria Apr-16 14.6 52.6 18.5 0 351.7 NorwegianWaters Astoria Apr-16 14.6 52.6 18.5 0 351.7 Sognefjord Astoria May-16 14.2 158.9 13.5 1.6 85.0 Hardangerfjord Astoria May-16 14.3 119.5 10.3 0.7 86.2

Geiranger Astoria May-16 14 93.4 7.4 1.1 79.2 NorthSea Astoria May-16 15.2 197 17.3 0 87.8 NorwegianWaters Astoria May-16 14.4 1056.9 88.8 4.8 84.0 Sognefjord Astoria Jun-16 12.9 161.8 11.4 1.6 70.5 Geiranger Astoria Jun-16 14 92.9 7.5 1.2 80.7 NorwegianWaters Astoria Jun-16 13.5 782.7 59.8 3.9 76.4 Sognefjord Astoria Jul-16 13.8 161.3 12.9 1.4 80.0 Geiranger Astoria Jul-16 13.5 95.8 7.4 1.1 77.2 NorwegianWaters Astoria Jul-16 13.1 2336.6 183.9 11 78.7 NorwegianWaters Aurora Dec-16 15.4 429.8 183.3 19.1 426.5 Sognefjord Aurora May-16 17 162.4 74.8 23.9 460.6 NorthSea Aurora May-16 20.6 263.8 142.3 0 539.4 NorwegianWaters Aurora May-16 18.3 1426 786.8 98.1 551.8 NorwegianWaters Aurora Jun-16 16.2 102.8 43.3 0 421.2 NorthSea Aurora Jul-16 20.7 59.1 30 0 507.6 NorwegianWaters Aurora Jul-16 17.3 238 108.5 0 455.9 Geiranger Aurora Aug-16 15 94.2 39.5 23.9 419.3 NorthSea Aurora Aug-16 21 227.7 119.4 0 524.4 NorwegianWaters Aurora Aug-16 17.4 1148.9 625.3 71.7 544.3 NorthSea Aurora Sep-16 22 234.9 131.5 0 559.8 NorwegianWaters Aurora Sep-16 18.5 1165.9 679.6 74.1 582.9 NorwegianWaters Azamara Quest Jul-16 15 276.2 58.6 0 212.2 Sognefjord Azamara Quest Aug-16 12.6 175.4 37 7 210.9 Geiranger Azamara Quest Aug-16 14.1 93.4 19.8 4.7 212.0 NorthSea Azamara Quest Aug-16 14 47.7 10 0 209.6 NorwegianWaters Azamara Quest Aug-16 14.2 1171.6 248.3 39.7 211.9 NorwegianWaters Azamara Quest Sep-16 15.6 321.6 75.7 18.7 235.4 NorthSea Azores Apr-16 14.6 52.6 18.5 0 351.7 NorwegianWaters Azores Apr-16 14.6 52.6 18.5 0 351.7 Sognefjord Azores May-16 14.2 158.9 13.5 1.6 85.0 Hardangerfjord Azores May-16 14.3 119.5 10.3 0.7 86.2 Geiranger Azores May-16 14 93.4 7.4 1.1 79.2 NorthSea Azores May-16 15.2 197 17.3 0 87.8 NorwegianWaters Azores May-16 14.4 1056.9 88.8 4.8 84.0 Sognefjord Azores Jun-16 12.9 161.8 11.4 1.6 70.5 Geiranger Azores Jun-16 14 92.9 7.5 1.2 80.7 NorwegianWaters Azores Jun-16 13.5 782.7 59.8 3.9 76.4 Sognefjord Azores Jul-16 13.8 161.3 12.9 1.4 80.0 Geiranger Azores Jul-16 13.5 95.8 7.4 1.1 77.2 NorwegianWaters Azores Jul-16 13.1 2336.6 183.9 11 78.7 Sognefjord Azura May-16 15.2 163.1 105.2 30.2 645.0 NorthSea Azura May-16 17.9 360.3 262.9 0 729.7 NorwegianWaters Azura May-16 16.6 1761.4 1551.2 141.9 880.7 NorwegianWaters Azura Jun-16 19.8 124 97.2 0 783.9 Geiranger Azura Jul-16 17.3 95.1 69.4 33.2 729.8 NorthSea Azura Jul-16 19 267.2 206.1 0 771.3

NorwegianWaters Azura Jul-16 17.8 1130 983.7 87.5 870.5 NorthSea Balmoral Mar-16 15.8 294.2 24.6 0 83.6 NorwegianWaters Balmoral Mar-16 14.9 2398 190 46 79.2 Hardangerfjord Balmoral May-16 12.7 128.6 8.7 6.9 67.7 NorthSea Balmoral May-16 11.6 207.5 10.5 0 50.6 NorwegianWaters Balmoral May-16 13.3 752.2 51.1 20 67.9 Sognefjord Balmoral Jun-16 16.1 14.6 1.3 0 89.0 NorthSea Balmoral Jun-16 15.7 90.3 7.6 0 84.2 NorwegianWaters Balmoral Jun-16 14.4 507.6 38.9 9.6 76.6 NorthSea Balmoral Jul-16 16.7 296.2 27.4 0 92.5 NorwegianWaters Balmoral Jul-16 15.1 861.9 70.3 7.8 81.6 NorwegianWaters Balmoral Aug-16 16.5 292.3 26.7 0 91.3 Sognefjord Balmoral Sep-16 14.1 169.1 13 9.6 76.9 Hardangerfjord Balmoral Sep-16 12.1 121.2 7.6 6.1 62.7 NorthSea Balmoral Sep-16 15.3 314.9 25.1 0 79.7 NorwegianWaters Balmoral Sep-16 13.2 1596.3 121.1 34.7 75.9 Sognefjord Berlin Jun-16 12 169.8 7.6 0.6 44.8 Geiranger Berlin Jun-16 14 93.5 5.1 0.4 54.5 NorthSea Berlin Jun-16 13.7 238.1 11.9 0.4 50.0 NorwegianWaters Berlin Jun-16 12.9 1210.9 59.2 3 48.9 Sognefjord Berlin Aug-16 11.1 160.7 6.4 1.4 39.8 Geiranger Berlin Aug-16 12.5 96.2 4.5 0.4 46.8 NorthSea Berlin Aug-16 14 183.5 9.7 0 52.9 NorwegianWaters Berlin Aug-16 12.5 1426.7 66.4 3.3 46.5 NorwegianWaters Black Watch Dec-16 14.1 109.8 8.9 0 81.1 Sognefjord Black Watch May-16 13.8 175.8 16.2 7.3 92.2 Hardangerfjord Black Watch May-16 10.9 121.5 6.8 6.7 56.0 NorthSea Black Watch May-16 12.7 8.7 0.6 0 69.0 NorwegianWaters Black Watch May-16 13.1 1487.7 122.3 43 82.2 Sognefjord Black Watch Jun-16 14.8 177.1 16.8 7.3 94.9 NorthSea Black Watch Jun-16 14.2 201.4 21.2 0 105.3 NorwegianWaters Black Watch Jun-16 14.5 1239.1 153.8 13.3 124.1 Sognefjord Black Watch Aug-16 13.5 177.3 15.3 6.7 86.3 NorthSea Black Watch Aug-16 13.9 32.5 2.7 0 83.1 NorwegianWaters Black Watch Aug-16 14.6 735.9 99.6 7.3 135.3 Sognefjord Black Watch Sep-16 13.6 177.9 15.2 6.1 85.4 Hardangerfjord Black Watch Sep-16 16.4 39.4 4.9 0 124.4 Geiranger Black Watch Sep-16 14 94.8 9 6.1 94.9 NorthSea Black Watch Sep-16 13.9 324.3 28.7 0 88.5 NorwegianWaters Black Watch Sep-16 14.9 1933.2 208.4 26.6 107.8 Sognefjord Boudicca May-16 15.2 176.9 18.6 5.5 105.1 Geiranger Boudicca May-16 14.9 97.7 12.7 2.5 130.0 NorthSea Boudicca May-16 13.6 340.7 26.8 0 78.7 NorwegianWaters Boudicca May-16 14.5 1028.9 122.2 13.4 118.8 NorwegianWaters Boudicca Aug-16 13 150.7 10.9 0 72.3 Sognefjord Boudicca Sep-16 13.9 177.2 15.6 5.5 88.0

NorthSea Boudicca Sep-16 16 147.7 15.6 0 105.6 NorwegianWaters Boudicca Sep-16 14.2 557.2 69.8 10.9 125.3 Sognefjord Braemar Apr-16 13 173.7 11.4 2.8 65.6 NorwegianWaters Braemar Apr-16 13.3 1254.2 82.9 15.2 66.1 NorwegianWaters Braemar May-16 14.5 522.5 38.5 1.8 73.7 Sognefjord Britannia Apr-16 16.1 161.9 93.8 48.5 579.4 NorthSea Britannia Apr-16 19.4 191.3 125.5 0 656.0 NorwegianWaters Britannia Apr-16 16.6 1156.5 683.7 171.9 591.2 Sognefjord Britannia May-16 15.1 164 92 44.1 561.0 NorthSea Britannia May-16 18.7 205.2 131.9 0 642.8 NorwegianWaters Britannia May-16 17 1085.3 791.2 127.9 729.0 Sognefjord Britannia Jun-16 16.3 161.5 94.3 44.1 583.9 NorwegianWaters Britannia Jun-16 18.4 829.1 568.7 88.2 685.9 NorthSea Britannia Jul-16 21.6 184.7 124.8 0 675.7 NorwegianWaters Britannia Jul-16 15.8 747.8 611.8 79.4 818.1 NorthSea Britannia Aug-16 20.1 40.1 24.8 0 618.5 NorwegianWaters Britannia Aug-16 17.7 726.8 605 44.1 832.4 NorthSea Britannia Sep-16 19.9 180.3 115 0 637.8 NorwegianWaters Britannia Sep-16 18.2 383.4 238.6 39.7 622.3 Sognefjord Celebrity Eclipse May-16 14.6 160.2 112.4 54.1 701.6 Geiranger Celebrity Eclipse May-16 11.5 95.1 64.4 54.1 677.2 NorthSea Celebrity Eclipse May-16 19.2 264.6 225 0 850.3 NorwegianWaters Celebrity Eclipse May-16 16.4 1414.7 1105.7 245.9 781.6 NorwegianWaters Celebrity Eclipse Jun-16 18 239 177.6 0 743.1 NorwegianWaters Celebrity Eclipse Jul-16 20.8 205 169.9 0 828.8 NorwegianWaters Celebrity Eclipse Aug-16 18 324 248.7 0 767.6 NorwegianWaters Celebrity Eclipse Sep-16 16.7 286.4 215.4 49.2 752.1 Sognefjord Costa NeoRomantica Jun-16 12.1 161.1 14 14.5 86.9 Geiranger Costa NeoRomantica Jun-16 13.1 100.4 9.7 10.5 96.6 NorthSea Costa NeoRomantica Jun-16 16.8 348 45.9 0 131.9 NorwegianWaters Costa NeoRomantica Jun-16 15.3 1975.9 291.5 60.5 147.5 Sognefjord Costa NeoRomantica Jul-16 16 323 42.7 28.9 132.2 Geiranger Costa NeoRomantica Jul-16 11.8 98.8 7.8 13.1 78.9 NorthSea Costa NeoRomantica Jul-16 17.9 198.4 30.1 0 151.7 NorwegianWaters Costa NeoRomantica Jul-16 15.1 1892.1 294.6 82.8 155.7 Sognefjord Costa NeoRomantica Aug-16 17 324 46.4 28.9 143.2 Geiranger Costa NeoRomantica Aug-16 11.8 98.7 9.3 11.8 94.2 NorthSea Costa NeoRomantica Aug-16 18.3 345.7 53.6 0 155.0 NorwegianWaters Costa NeoRomantica Aug-16 15.7 2508 389.3 119.6 155.2 NorthSea Costa NeoRomantica Sep-16 17.8 22.2 3.2 0 144.1 NorwegianWaters Costa NeoRomantica Sep-16 16.8 286.8 39.2 13.1 136.7 NorthSea Costa Pacifica May-16 16.4 332.5 306.6 0 922.1 NorwegianWaters Costa Pacifica May-16 16.2 1371.5 1280.5 138.8 933.6 Geiranger Costa Pacifica Jun-16 16.3 98.6 100.3 24.5 1017.2 NorthSea Costa Pacifica Jun-16 18.9 396.2 387.7 0 978.5 NorwegianWaters Costa Pacifica Jun-16 18.1 3051.7 2925.2 176.9 958.5

Geiranger Costa Pacifica Jul-16 16.1 97.5 112.1 21.8 1149.7 NorthSea Costa Pacifica Jul-16 18.5 366.1 357.6 0 976.8 NorwegianWaters Costa Pacifica Jul-16 17.7 2855.4 2995.6 179.6 1049.1 NorwegianWaters Costa Pacifica Sep-16 20.6 105 101.7 0 968.6 Hardangerfjord Deutschland Jun-16 15.2 121.8 38 17.7 312.0 Geiranger Deutschland Jun-16 14.6 95.6 36.1 16.1 377.6 NorthSea Deutschland Jun-16 15.7 244.8 76.9 0 314.1 NorwegianWaters Deutschland Jun-16 14.5 1669.2 553.1 98.3 331.4 Hardangerfjord Deutschland Jul-16 14.9 121.5 37.2 16.1 306.2 Geiranger Deutschland Jul-16 14.2 97.6 33.6 16.1 344.3 NorthSea Deutschland Jul-16 16.4 248.4 80.4 0 323.7 NorwegianWaters Deutschland Jul-16 14.2 1821.2 602.7 112.8 330.9 Geiranger Deutschland Aug-16 14.2 194.2 64.6 30.6 332.6 NorthSea Deutschland Aug-16 15.8 354.9 116.7 0 328.8 NorwegianWaters Deutschland Aug-16 14.5 2418.5 932.6 141.8 385.6 Hardangerfjord Deutschland Sep-16 13.8 243.3 73.6 35.4 302.5 Geiranger Deutschland Sep-16 14.2 197 71.6 29 363.5 NorthSea Deutschland Sep-16 15.2 483.4 157.5 0 325.8 NorwegianWaters Deutschland Sep-16 13.8 3295.8 1098.3 183.6 333.2 Geiranger Disney Magic Jun-16 14.8 94.8 55.4 18.7 584.4 NorthSea Disney Magic Jun-16 20.4 305.1 209.2 0 685.7 NorwegianWaters Disney Magic Jun-16 16.5 824.2 528.1 54.4 640.7 Geiranger Disney Magic Jul-16 8.4 96.1 61.9 18.7 644.1 NorthSea Disney Magic Jul-16 16.7 333.8 221.6 0 663.9 NorwegianWaters Disney Magic Jul-16 14.7 1033.8 657.1 76.4 635.6 Sognefjord Emerald Princess Jun-16 15.8 194.8 122.6 26.6 629.4 NorthSea Emerald Princess Jun-16 18.6 180.5 125.4 0 694.7 NorwegianWaters Emerald Princess Jun-16 17.4 758 509.9 47.8 672.7 NorthSea Emerald Princess Jul-16 20.5 26 19.6 0 753.8 NorwegianWaters Emerald Princess Jul-16 16.6 705.5 467 26.6 661.9 NorthSea Emerald Princess Aug-16 21.2 59.8 46.3 0 774.2 NorwegianWaters Emerald Princess Aug-16 16.3 2182.1 1570 196.5 719.5 Sognefjord Europa Jun-16 14.5 15.4 3.5 0 227.3 Geiranger Europa Jun-16 15.5 99.9 25.2 13.8 252.3 NorthSea Europa Jun-16 15 198.6 46.2 0 232.6 NorwegianWaters Europa Jun-16 13.4 1241.2 285.4 79.3 229.9 Geiranger Europa Jul-16 13.5 98.6 22.9 15.5 232.3 NorwegianWaters Europa Jul-16 13.2 1147.5 281.7 75.9 245.5 Sognefjord Europa Aug-16 15.1 9.9 2.3 0 232.3 NorthSea Europa Aug-16 17 48.1 11.9 0 247.4 NorwegianWaters Europa Aug-16 15.3 1567.9 381.4 39.6 243.3 Sognefjord Europa 2 Jul-16 12.1 163.5 29.9 28.8 182.9 Hardangerfjord Europa 2 Jul-16 13.5 124.8 26.5 32.4 212.3 Geiranger Europa 2 Jul-16 13.1 102.6 21.6 25.2 210.5 NorwegianWaters Europa 2 Jul-16 13.9 1967.7 461.7 252 234.6 Geiranger Expedition Jun-16 12 95.3 3.8 0.7 39.9

NorthSea Expedition Jun-16 12 113.7 4.1 0 36.1 NorwegianWaters Expedition Jun-16 11.3 1481.4 64.8 6.1 43.7 Sognefjord FTI Berlin?? Jun-16 12 169.8 7.6 0.6 44.8 Geiranger FTI Berlin?? Jun-16 14 93.5 5.1 0.4 54.5 NorthSea FTI Berlin?? Jun-16 13.7 238.1 11.9 0.4 50.0 NorwegianWaters FTI Berlin?? Jun-16 12.9 1210.9 59.2 3 48.9 Sognefjord FTI Berlin?? Aug-16 11.1 160.7 6.4 1.4 39.8 Geiranger FTI Berlin?? Aug-16 12.5 96.2 4.5 0.4 46.8 NorthSea FTI Berlin?? Aug-16 14 183.5 9.7 0 52.9 NorwegianWaters FTI Berlin?? Aug-16 12.5 1426.7 66.4 3.3 46.5 NorthSea Hamburg Aug-16 13.2 75.4 4.1 0 54.4 NorwegianWaters Hamburg Aug-16 13 146.7 7.9 0 53.9 Geiranger Hamburg Sep-16 13.3 94.7 5.4 1.5 57.0 NorthSea Hamburg Sep-16 13.9 45.2 2.7 0 59.7 NorwegianWaters Hamburg Sep-16 12.3 2647.3 145.5 14.9 55.0 NorwegianWaters HANSEATIC Aug-16 12.8 586.7 35.1 4 59.8 NorwegianWaters HEBRIDEAN SKY Apr-16 14.4 150 4.5 0 30.0 NorthSea HEBRIDEAN SKY May-16 13.9 107.4 3 0 27.9 NorwegianWaters HEBRIDEAN SKY May-16 13.6 306.4 8.5 0 27.7 Sognefjord HEBRIDEAN SKY Jul-16 10.6 218.5 4.4 1.3 20.1 Hardangerfjord HEBRIDEAN SKY Jul-16 8.9 20.2 0.3 0.2 14.9 NorthSea HEBRIDEAN SKY Jul-16 12.9 63.2 1.6 0 25.3 NorwegianWaters HEBRIDEAN SKY Jul-16 11.2 1105.4 23.8 3.6 21.5 Sognefjord HEBRIDEAN SKY Aug-16 10.2 246 4.3 1.8 17.5 Hardangerfjord HEBRIDEAN SKY Aug-16 10.4 22.1 0.4 0.4 18.1 NorthSea HEBRIDEAN SKY Aug-16 12.8 68.1 1.7 0 25.0 NorwegianWaters HEBRIDEAN SKY Aug-16 10.8 1582.7 35.3 4.3 22.3 Sognefjord Horizon May-16 15.2 160.8 18.6 6.4 115.7 Geiranger Horizon May-16 15.9 96.5 12.8 5 132.6 NorthSea Horizon May-16 15.3 171.6 19.3 0 112.5 NorwegianWaters Horizon May-16 14.6 1055 113.9 24.3 108.0 Sognefjord Horizon Jun-16 15.9 317.7 38.6 13.6 121.5 Geiranger Horizon Jun-16 14.6 99.7 10.9 5 109.3 NorthSea Horizon Jun-16 15.6 530.4 63 0 118.8 NorwegianWaters Horizon Jun-16 15.2 2217.9 252.2 43.6 113.7 Sognefjord Horizon Jul-16 15.2 161 18 7.2 111.8 Geiranger Horizon Jul-16 15.1 193 28 10.7 145.1 NorthSea Horizon Jul-16 15.9 425 49.7 0 116.9 NorwegianWaters Horizon Jul-16 15.3 1992.9 228.6 35.1 114.7 Sognefjord Horizon Aug-16 14.5 469 51.9 20.7 110.7 Geiranger Horizon Aug-16 14.6 197.7 24.1 9.3 121.9 NorthSea Horizon Aug-16 15.5 520.9 61.3 0 117.7 NorwegianWaters Horizon Aug-16 14.8 2797.4 309.6 79.4 110.7 Sognefjord Horizon Sep-16 16.7 2.8 0.4 0 142.9 Geiranger Horizon Sep-16 11.9 100.4 8.7 6.4 86.7 NorthSea Horizon Sep-16 16 431.4 51.4 0 119.1

NorwegianWaters Horizon Sep-16 14.7 1399.3 153.3 39.3 109.6 Sognefjord Konigsdam May-16 15.9 159.6 81.9 35.9 513.2 NorthSea Konigsdam May-16 18.6 122 64.5 0 528.7 NorwegianWaters Konigsdam May-16 14.7 876.4 446.1 94.7 509.0 Sognefjord Konigsdam Jun-16 16.6 159.5 84.4 35.9 529.2 Geiranger Konigsdam Jun-16 13.7 93.5 46.4 39.2 496.3 NorwegianWaters Konigsdam Jun-16 15.6 2966.7 1489.2 231.8 502.0 Sognefjord Konigsdam Jul-16 15.3 160.4 80.5 35.9 501.9 Hardangerfjord Konigsdam Jul-16 15.3 123.1 60.3 26.1 489.8 NorthSea Konigsdam Jul-16 17.8 172.8 88.4 0 511.6 NorwegianWaters Konigsdam Jul-16 15.1 1848.2 918.5 153.4 497.0 Sognefjord Konigsdam Aug-16 16.3 159.6 84 35.9 526.3 Hardangerfjord Konigsdam Aug-16 15.8 126.7 64.5 32.6 509.1 Geiranger Konigsdam Aug-16 15.8 91.7 47.4 32.6 516.9 NorthSea Konigsdam Aug-16 19.8 296.3 170.8 0 576.4 NorwegianWaters Konigsdam Aug-16 15.5 2226.2 1147.4 225.2 515.4 NorwegianWaters Konigsdam Sep-16 14.4 678.1 337.7 62 498.0 Sognefjord Le Boreal Jul-16 10.1 180.5 12.3 1.6 68.1 Geiranger Le Boreal Jul-16 10.2 194.6 20.4 2.6 104.8 NorwegianWaters Le Boreal Jul-16 11.5 1721.5 166.1 12 96.5 NorthSea Magellan Oct-16 17.8 112.3 13.2 0 117.5 NorwegianWaters Magellan Oct-16 17.3 420.3 47.7 0 113.5 NorthSea Magellan Nov-16 16.7 189.7 20 0 105.4 NorwegianWaters Magellan Nov-16 15.3 2550.5 271.5 39.8 106.4 NorthSea Magellan Feb-16 17.9 287.4 34.5 0 120.0 NorwegianWaters Magellan Feb-16 15 2718.1 272.9 37.1 100.4 Sognefjord Magellan Mar-16 14.6 157.8 14 6.7 88.7 Hardangerfjord Magellan Mar-16 14.5 131.8 12.5 5.4 94.8 NorthSea Magellan Mar-16 15.6 390.6 43.6 0 111.6 NorwegianWaters Magellan Mar-16 15.7 1276.5 133.9 18.9 104.9 Sognefjord Magellan Apr-16 14.3 496 44.9 20.9 90.5 Hardangerfjord Magellan Apr-16 11.9 388.9 27.4 16.8 70.5 Geiranger Magellan Apr-16 14.9 96 9.2 4 95.8 NorthSea Magellan Apr-16 12.1 922.3 63.8 0 69.2 NorwegianWaters Magellan Apr-16 12.9 3052.2 237.9 63.3 77.9 Geiranger Magellan May-16 13.2 94.7 7.5 6.7 79.2 NorthSea Magellan May-16 16.5 128.9 13.5 0 104.7 NorwegianWaters Magellan May-16 15.6 1391.5 138.3 16.2 99.4 NorwegianWaters Magellan Jun-16 16.6 110.7 11.7 0 105.7 NorthSea Magellan Aug-16 16.2 30.1 3 0 99.7 NorwegianWaters Magellan Aug-16 16 499 51 6.7 102.2 Sognefjord Magellan Sep-16 14.2 167.5 14.8 6.1 88.4 Hardangerfjord Magellan Sep-16 14.6 250.2 24.5 8.1 97.9 NorthSea Magellan Sep-16 13.7 21 1.6 0 76.2 NorwegianWaters Magellan Sep-16 15.2 1716.5 168 155.7 97.9 NorthSea Marco Polo Oct-16 16 278.7 24.1 1.5 86.5

NorwegianWaters Marco Polo Oct-16 15.7 320.1 27.4 3.8 85.6 Sognefjord Marco Polo Apr-16 13 490.6 33.8 6.4 68.9 Hardangerfjord Marco Polo Apr-16 14.3 385.8 29.9 4.7 77.5 Geiranger Marco Polo Apr-16 14.6 93.2 7.4 1.7 79.4 NorthSea Marco Polo Apr-16 16.1 319.7 28.3 0 88.5 NorwegianWaters Marco Polo Apr-16 14.6 3076.7 246.8 19 80.2 Sognefjord Marco Polo May-16 13.7 162.2 11.4 2.1 70.3 Geiranger Marco Polo May-16 12.9 94.4 6 1.7 63.6 NorthSea Marco Polo May-16 16.5 488.2 43.7 0 89.5 NorwegianWaters Marco Polo May-16 15 1767.1 163.7 6.6 92.6 NorthSea Marco Polo Jun-16 10 31.2 1.2 65.6 38.5 NorwegianWaters Marco Polo Jun-16 10 31.2 1.2 65.6 38.5 Sognefjord Marco Polo Sep-16 15.4 162.1 13.3 4.7 82.0 Geiranger Marco Polo Sep-16 11.6 100.1 6.3 1.3 62.9 NorthSea Marco Polo Sep-16 16.6 226.9 34.7 0 152.9 NorwegianWaters Marco Polo Sep-16 14.3 801.9 90.3 6 112.6 NorwegianWaters Marina Aug-16 15.8 379.2 208.1 75.2 548.8 NorwegianWaters Marina Sep-16 16.6 337.5 195.6 36 579.6 NorwegianWaters Mein Schiff 1 May-16 13.9 138.9 11.3 0 81.4 Geiranger Mein Schiff 1 Jun-16 15.5 98.9 11 16.8 111.2 NorthSea Mein Schiff 1 Jun-16 17.1 467.4 55.1 0 117.9 NorwegianWaters Mein Schiff 1 Jun-16 16.7 2982.2 347.8 104.4 116.6 Geiranger Mein Schiff 1 Jul-16 14.3 98 10 16.8 102.0 NorthSea Mein Schiff 1 Jul-16 17.1 360 44.6 0 123.9 NorwegianWaters Mein Schiff 1 Jul-16 16 3509.2 315.9 106.1 90.0 Geiranger Mein Schiff 1 Aug-16 14.8 97 12.5 15.2 128.9 NorthSea Mein Schiff 1 Aug-16 17.6 200.6 24.4 0 121.6 NorwegianWaters Mein Schiff 1 Aug-16 16.7 2135 249 79.2 116.6 NorwegianWaters Mein Schiff 1 Sep-16 12.1 500.2 35.7 13.5 71.4 Geiranger Mein Schiff 4 May-16 16.1 99.9 23.5 43 235.2 NorthSea Mein Schiff 4 May-16 17.5 208.8 47.1 0 225.6 NorwegianWaters Mein Schiff 4 May-16 14.8 1770.5 342.6 279.6 193.5 Geiranger Mein Schiff 4 Jul-16 16.1 98.3 22.6 43 229.9 NorthSea Mein Schiff 4 Jul-16 19.4 137.3 36.5 0 265.8 NorwegianWaters Mein Schiff 4 Jul-16 18.3 1704.6 427.5 114.7 250.8 NorthSea Mein Schiff 4 Aug-16 17.2 254.7 56.7 0 222.6 NorwegianWaters Mein Schiff 4 Aug-16 16.7 1112.2 307.6 168.5 276.6 NorwegianWaters Mein Schiff 4 Sep-16 12.1 376.2 52.5 86 139.6 NorwegianWaters Mein Schiff 5 Jul-16 14.1 377.7 67.8 56 179.5 Geiranger Mein Schiff 5 Aug-16 14.5 102.1 20.4 42 199.8 NorthSea Mein Schiff 5 Aug-16 18.8 136.1 34.2 0 251.3 NorwegianWaters Mein Schiff 5 Aug-16 17.1 1566 357.2 154.1 228.1 Sognefjord Minerva Jun-16 10.2 32.1 1.1 0 34.3 NorthSea Minerva Jun-16 11.7 220.1 14.2 0 64.5 NorwegianWaters Minerva Jun-16 11.1 513.4 25.1 1.5 48.9 NorthSea Minerva Jul-16 10.2 22.7 0.7 0 30.8

NorwegianWaters Minerva Jul-16 10.6 1399.9 53.1 6.4 37.9 NorwegianWaters Monarch Jul-16 15.3 119.5 13.3 0 111.3 Sognefjord Monarch Aug-16 13.5 161.1 15.1 14 93.7 NorthSea Monarch Aug-16 13.9 95.7 9.3 0 97.2 NorwegianWaters Monarch Aug-16 13.7 692.6 66.6 43.4 96.2 NorwegianWaters Monarch Sep-16 15.8 119.3 13.8 0 115.7 NorwegianWaters MSC Opera May-16 18.9 116.3 43.4 0 373.2 NorwegianWaters MSC Opera Jun-16 14.2 2465.7 782 67.5 317.2 Sognefjord MSC Opera Jul-16 17.2 160.2 59 10.9 368.3 Geiranger MSC Opera Jul-16 15.8 95.3 39.6 9.8 415.5 NorthSea MSC Opera Jul-16 16.9 323.3 106 0 327.9 NorwegianWaters MSC Opera Jul-16 16.8 1565.6 532.6 29.4 340.2 Sognefjord MSC Opera Aug-16 16.8 158.9 56.3 10.9 354.3 Geiranger MSC Opera Aug-16 16.2 95.6 39 9.8 407.9 NorthSea MSC Opera Aug-16 15.5 349.1 114.3 0 327.4 NorwegianWaters MSC Opera Aug-16 16.4 1776.8 601.9 37 338.8 NorthSea MSC Opera Sep-16 18 162.7 56.1 0 344.8 NorwegianWaters MSC Opera Sep-16 17.9 572.4 277.9 0 485.5 NorwegianWaters MSC Splendida Apr-16 18.2 47.1 44.7 0 949.0 NorthSea MSC Splendida May-16 18.1 153.5 140.9 0 917.9 NorwegianWaters MSC Splendida May-16 17.6 2035.8 1813.9 130.9 891.0 Geiranger MSC Splendida Jun-16 15.4 96.2 99.9 40.6 1038.5 NorthSea MSC Splendida Jun-16 15.9 295.7 252.8 0 854.9 NorwegianWaters MSC Splendida Jun-16 17.3 3033 2653.7 302.5 874.9 Geiranger MSC Splendida Jul-16 15.8 98.4 103.7 40.6 1053.9 NorthSea MSC Splendida Jul-16 16.2 154.7 129.3 0 835.8 NorwegianWaters MSC Splendida Jul-16 16.1 2234.1 1948.7 275.4 872.3 Sognefjord MSC Splendida Aug-16 19.3 160 142.5 49.7 890.6 Geiranger MSC Splendida Aug-16 18.9 91.7 104.9 40.6 1143.9 NorthSea MSC Splendida Aug-16 18 235.2 211.3 0 898.4 NorwegianWaters MSC Splendida Aug-16 17.8 3223.8 2925.6 261.9 907.5 Sognefjord N.G orion Jul-16 11.7 176.5 5 0.1 28.3 NorthSea N.G orion Jul-16 13.9 81.4 2.6 0 31.9 NorwegianWaters N.G orion Jul-16 11.7 1662 57.2 1.8 34.4 Hardangerfjord N.G orion Aug-16 12.6 127.6 8.3 0 65.0 NorwegianWaters N.G orion Aug-16 9.7 613.7 19.1 1.4 31.1 Sognefjord National Geographic Explorer May-16 14.3 15.4 0.5 0 32.5 NorthSea National Geographic Explorer May-16 14.9 90.3 3.3 0 36.5 NorwegianWaters National Geographic Explorer May-16 12.6 510.1 22 2.4 43.1 Sognefjord National Geographic Orion Jul-16 11.7 176.5 5 0.1 28.3 NorthSea National Geographic Orion Jul-16 13.9 81.4 2.6 0 31.9 NorwegianWaters National Geographic Orion Jul-16 11.7 1662 57.2 1.8 34.4 Hardangerfjord National Geographic Orion Aug-16 12.6 127.6 8.3 0 65.0 NorwegianWaters National Geographic Orion Aug-16 9.7 613.7 19.1 1.4 31.1 Geiranger Nautica Jul-16 13.8 96.1 47.7 4.6 496.4 NorthSea Nautica Jul-16 16.8 168.6 74.9 0 444.2

NorwegianWaters Nautica Jul-16 16.3 1683 810.7 24.8 481.7 NorwegianWaters Nautica Aug-16 14.3 118.9 51.3 0 431.5 Sognefjord Nordstjernen May-16 12.9 156.4 2.9 0 18.5 Geiranger Nordstjernen May-16 11.9 92.9 1.3 0 14.0 NorwegianWaters Nordstjernen May-16 11.2 629.7 9 1.6 14.3 Sognefjord Nordstjernen Sep-16 11.5 178.5 2.3 0 12.9 Hardangerfjord Nordstjernen Sep-16 12.1 123.3 4.4 0 35.7 Geiranger Nordstjernen Sep-16 14.2 94.2 1.6 0 17.0 NorwegianWaters Nordstjernen Sep-16 11.9 2049.4 31 0.2 15.1 NorwegianWaters Norwegian star Apr-16 15.8 77.6 34.6 0 445.9 Sognefjord Norwegian star May-16 14.6 320.7 149.1 42.7 464.9 Geiranger Norwegian star May-16 8.5 189 106.8 46.7 565.1 NorthSea Norwegian star May-16 15.5 571.6 250.7 0 438.6 NorwegianWaters Norwegian star May-16 14.3 2644.2 1219.8 180.8 461.3 Geiranger Norwegian star Jun-16 8.8 98.2 50.2 20.3 511.2 NorthSea Norwegian star Jun-16 20.4 176.7 91.5 0 517.8 NorwegianWaters Norwegian star Jun-16 16.2 583.1 296.5 20.3 508.5 NorthSea Norwegian star Sep-16 16.1 481.1 268.9 0 558.9 NorwegianWaters Norwegian star Sep-16 15.7 1525 785 71.1 514.8 NorthSea OCEAN DIAMOND May-16 9.8 5.1 0.2 0 39.2 NorwegianWaters OCEAN DIAMOND May-16 9.8 5.1 0.2 0 39.2 Sognefjord Ocean Dream Jun-16 11.1 188.8 14.8 0 78.4 NorthSea Ocean Dream Jun-16 16.5 122.9 16.1 0 131.0 NorwegianWaters Ocean Dream Jun-16 13.5 796 84.3 7.6 105.9 Sognefjord Ocean Majesty Jun-16 14 163.3 10.1 0.3 61.8 NorwegianWaters Ocean Majesty Jun-16 15.2 513.8 36.2 0.3 70.5 Sognefjord Ocean Majesty Jul-16 13.7 8 0.5 0 62.5 NorwegianWaters Ocean Majesty Jul-16 14.4 452.7 28.9 0.4 63.8 NorwegianWaters Ocean Majesty Aug-16 16.6 37.7 3 0 79.6 NorthSea OceanEndeavour May-16 13.3 482.4 77 0 159.6 NorwegianWaters OceanEndeavour May-16 12 825.1 110.5 4.6 133.9 NorthSea oriana Feb-16 21.5 98.5 21.9 0 222.3 NorwegianWaters oriana Feb-16 19.5 1025.1 204.7 15.4 199.7 Sognefjord oriana Mar-16 14.2 161.4 20.5 22 127.0 NorthSea oriana Mar-16 15.1 754.8 96.8 0 128.2 NorwegianWaters oriana Mar-16 16.5 3749.8 569.6 232.9 151.9 Geiranger Pacific Princess Aug-16 14.1 96.3 16 8.3 166.1 NorthSea Pacific Princess Aug-16 16.3 66.5 12.6 0 189.5 NorwegianWaters Pacific Princess Aug-16 16.7 1069.1 210.6 19.3 197.0 NorthSea Pacific Princess Sep-16 14.8 335.6 56.3 0 167.8 NorwegianWaters Pacific Princess Sep-16 14.9 488.2 84.9 10.1 173.9 Sognefjord Prinsendam Jul-16 15.4 162.2 15.6 16.4 96.2 Hardangerfjord Prinsendam Jul-16 15.1 134.7 12.8 8.9 95.0 NorthSea Prinsendam Jul-16 17.5 33.4 3.6 0 107.8 NorwegianWaters Prinsendam Jul-16 15.3 1080.3 98.9 53.6 91.5 Hardangerfjord Prinsendam Aug-16 13 123 8.6 19.4 69.9

NorthSea Prinsendam Aug-16 15.1 56.9 4.8 0 84.4 NorwegianWaters Prinsendam Aug-16 13.8 1254 105.8 49.1 84.4 NorwegianWaters Queen Elisabeth Jun-16 19 253.2 181.9 0 718.4 NorwegianWaters Queen Elisabeth Aug-16 17.7 280.5 215.5 0 768.3 NorwegianWaters Queen Victoria Jan-16 18.5 74 61.3 0 828.4 Geiranger Queen Victoria May-16 15.8 96.6 75.7 31.6 783.6 NorthSea Queen Victoria May-16 18.9 188.6 152.9 0 810.7 NorwegianWaters Queen Victoria May-16 17.3 665.2 521.3 60 783.7 NorwegianWaters Regal Princess Apr-16 20.7 105.8 83.5 0 789.2 NorwegianWaters Regal Princess May-16 14.8 638.5 428.7 242.5 671.4 NorwegianWaters Regal Princess Jun-16 14.8 215 143.8 82.8 668.8 NorwegianWaters Regal Princess Jul-16 15.2 215.6 145.5 82.8 674.9 NorwegianWaters Regal Princess Aug-16 15.5 213.6 143.7 82.8 672.8 NorthSea Regal Princess Sep-16 19.6 215 160 0 744.2 NorwegianWaters Regal Princess Sep-16 17.7 620.4 453.3 106.5 730.7 Sognefjord Rotterdam May-16 15.9 320.2 179.3 37.5 560.0 Hardangerfjord Rotterdam May-16 15.4 121 74.5 13.1 615.7 Geiranger Rotterdam May-16 11.4 95 51.5 18 542.1 NorthSea Rotterdam May-16 18 302.6 178.5 0 589.9 NorwegianWaters Rotterdam May-16 15.2 3133.5 1733.5 207.3 553.2 Sognefjord Rotterdam Jun-16 15.4 160.3 87.7 18 547.1 Hardangerfjord Rotterdam Jun-16 15.5 118.6 65.5 13.1 552.3 Geiranger Rotterdam Jun-16 12.8 191.7 104.5 35.9 545.1 NorthSea Rotterdam Jun-16 16.7 409.3 226.3 0 552.9 NorwegianWaters Rotterdam Jun-16 15.6 2161.3 1189.6 122.4 550.4 NorthSea Rotterdam Jul-16 15.5 90.6 47.7 0 526.5 NorwegianWaters Rotterdam Jul-16 14.8 411.2 216.8 14.7 527.2 Hardangerfjord Rotterdam Aug-16 16.1 121.8 67.8 14.7 556.7 NorthSea Rotterdam Aug-16 17.1 12.8 7.2 0 562.5 NorwegianWaters Rotterdam Aug-16 16 687.6 376.5 31 547.6 Sognefjord Rotterdam VI? May-16 15.9 320.2 179.3 37.5 560.0 Hardangerfjord Rotterdam VI? May-16 15.4 121 74.5 13.1 615.7 Geiranger Rotterdam VI? May-16 11.4 95 51.5 18 542.1 NorthSea Rotterdam VI? May-16 18 302.6 178.5 0 589.9 NorwegianWaters Rotterdam VI? May-16 15.2 3133.5 1733.5 207.3 553.2 Sognefjord Rotterdam VI? Jun-16 15.4 160.3 87.7 18 547.1 Hardangerfjord Rotterdam VI? Jun-16 15.5 118.6 65.5 13.1 552.3 Geiranger Rotterdam VI? Jun-16 12.8 191.7 104.5 35.9 545.1 NorthSea Rotterdam VI? Jun-16 16.7 409.3 226.3 0 552.9 NorwegianWaters Rotterdam VI? Jun-16 15.6 2161.3 1189.6 122.4 550.4 NorthSea Rotterdam VI? Jul-16 15.5 90.6 47.7 0 526.5 NorwegianWaters Rotterdam VI? Jul-16 14.8 411.2 216.8 14.7 527.2 Hardangerfjord Rotterdam VI? Aug-16 16.1 121.8 67.8 14.7 556.7 NorthSea Rotterdam VI? Aug-16 17.1 12.8 7.2 0 562.5 NorwegianWaters Rotterdam VI? Aug-16 16 687.6 376.5 31 547.6 Sognefjord Saga Pearl II May-16 13.5 199.2 12.1 2.1 60.7

NorthSea Saga Pearl II May-16 14.7 246.9 17.1 0 69.3 NorwegianWaters Saga Pearl II May-16 14.1 1037.6 78.2 6.5 75.4 NorthSea Saga Pearl II Jun-16 16.8 82.4 6.9 0 83.7 NorwegianWaters Saga Pearl II Jun-16 14.2 1562.3 94.5 2.4 60.5 Sognefjord Saga Sapphire Feb-16 15.1 16.1 1.7 0 105.6 NorthSea Saga Sapphire Feb-16 16.4 136.3 15.5 0 113.7 NorwegianWaters Saga Sapphire Feb-16 14.8 410.8 42.6 10.8 103.7 NorthSea Saga Sapphire Mar-16 14.9 286 28.6 0 100.0 NorwegianWaters Saga Sapphire Mar-16 13.7 1992.7 181.8 78.5 91.2 Sognefjord Saga Sapphire Jul-16 13.2 39.3 3.4 0 86.5 NorwegianWaters Saga Sapphire Jul-16 12.5 1373.1 112.5 55.4 81.9 NorwegianWaters Saga Sapphire Aug-16 13.6 197.5 18 13.9 91.1 NorthSea Saga Sapphire Sep-16 15.6 175.3 42 0 239.6 NorwegianWaters Saga Sapphire Sep-16 12.6 610 75.6 55.4 123.9 NorthSea SEA ENDURANCE Oct-16 9.8 238.4 3.4 0 14.3 NorwegianWaters SEA ENDURANCE Oct-16 9.3 447.5 6 0 13.4 NorwegianWaters SEA ENDURANCE Apr-16 10.8 140.5 2.4 0 17.1 NorwegianWaters SEA ENDURANCE May-16 8.3 1226.1 16.6 0.1 13.5 Sognefjord Seabourn Quest Jun-16 12.7 11.4 0.5 0 43.9 NorwegianWaters Seabourn Quest Jun-16 13.3 1971.9 110 98.3 55.8 Sognefjord Seabourn Quest Jul-16 13 11.6 0.5 0 43.1 NorwegianWaters Seabourn Quest Jul-16 14 1548.9 102.3 81.3 66.0 Hardangerfjord Seabourn Quest Aug-16 10.7 103 4.2 20.8 40.8 NorwegianWaters Seabourn Quest Aug-16 12.2 389.3 18 41.6 46.2 Geiranger Serenade of the Seas May-16 9 95.1 16.6 34.2 174.6 NorthSea Serenade of the Seas May-16 17.6 305.3 114.7 0 375.7 NorwegianWaters Serenade of the Seas May-16 13.8 1285.9 382.1 143.2 297.1 Geiranger Serenade of the Seas Jun-16 14.8 93.8 26.8 28 285.7 NorthSea Serenade of the Seas Jun-16 17 179.9 56.4 0 313.5 NorwegianWaters Serenade of the Seas Jun-16 17.2 2238.7 770.7 115.2 344.3 Geiranger Serenade of the Seas Aug-16 9.2 95.9 17.4 37.3 181.4 NorthSea Serenade of the Seas Aug-16 16.3 308.1 97 0 314.8 NorwegianWaters Serenade of the Seas Aug-16 13 1154.2 316 149.4 273.8 Sognefjord SERENISSIMA Jul-16 10.5 186 2.9 0.3 15.6 NorthSea SERENISSIMA Jul-16 12.7 114.3 2.2 0 19.2 NorwegianWaters SERENISSIMA Jul-16 11.3 396.5 6.9 0.4 17.4 NorwegianWaters seven seas voyager Oct-16 16.5 90.5 21.4 0 236.5 NorwegianWaters seven seas voyager Aug-16 18.2 100.3 25.4 0 253.2 Geiranger Star legend Aug-16 11.1 94.3 4.1 3.8 43.5 NorthSea Star legend Aug-16 11.7 158.4 9 0 56.8 NorwegianWaters Star legend Aug-16 11.3 673.5 32.6 10.2 48.4 Sognefjord Viking Sea May-16 15.4 159.5 41.7 15.7 261.4 NorthSea Viking Sea May-16 17.5 161 46.8 0 290.7 NorwegianWaters Viking Sea May-16 16 936.8 256.9 103.8 274.2 Sognefjord Viking Sea Jun-16 14.7 169.1 45.8 19.6 270.8 Geiranger Viking Sea Jun-16 13.1 94 24.3 21.5 258.5

NorthSea Viking Sea Jun-16 16.5 67.1 18.8 0 280.2 NorwegianWaters Viking Sea Jun-16 15.8 2460.2 694.6 272.2 282.3 Sognefjord Viking Sea Jul-16 14.5 156.7 40.5 19.6 258.5 Geiranger Viking Sea Jul-16 13.1 95.6 25 19.6 261.5 NorthSea Viking Sea Jul-16 16 68.8 19 0 276.2 NorwegianWaters Viking Sea Jul-16 15.3 916.9 248.5 168.4 271.0 NorthSea Viking Sea Aug-16 19 134.1 41.7 0 311.0 NorwegianWaters Viking Sea Aug-16 18 270.5 82.6 21.5 305.4 NorthSea Viking Star Apr-16 17.2 47.3 14.8 0 312.9 NorwegianWaters Viking Star Apr-16 17 274.7 81.4 0 296.3 Sognefjord Viking Star May-16 15.1 157.2 42.9 19.6 272.9 NorthSea Viking Star May-16 15.5 25.8 6.8 0 263.6 NorwegianWaters Viking Star May-16 15.8 735 205.8 111.6 280.0 NorwegianWaters Viking Star Jun-16 15.4 301.8 82.3 11.7 272.7 NorwegianWaters Viking Star Aug-16 18.4 103.5 32.7 0 315.9 Sognefjord Viking Star Sep-16 16.3 159.9 47.6 15.7 297.7 NorthSea Viking Star Sep-16 13.9 189.5 99.1 0 523.0 NorwegianWaters Viking Star Sep-16 15.5 844.7 288.3 148.8 341.3 NorthSea Voyager Jun-16 12.2 147.6 6.3 0 42.7 NorwegianWaters Voyager Jun-16 12.2 147.6 6.3 0 42.7 Geiranger Voyager Jul-16 13.6 93.8 7 1.2 74.6 NorthSea Voyager Jul-16 15.7 182.4 15.6 0 85.5 NorwegianWaters Voyager Jul-16 14.3 2302.1 192.3 7.9 83.5 Hardangerfjord Voyager Aug-16 11.8 128.8 7.7 1.5 59.8 Geiranger Voyager Aug-16 14.2 94.2 7.3 1.8 77.5 NorthSea Voyager Aug-16 16.2 71.4 6.3 0 88.2 NorwegianWaters Voyager Aug-16 14 847 78.3 4.6 92.4 NorthSea Zuiderdam May-16 17.2 129.6 132.6 0 1023.1 NorwegianWaters Zuiderdam May-16 14.2 728.2 714.6 63.5 981.3 NorwegianWaters Zuiderdam Jul-16 16.2 285.9 276.2 0 966.1

Finally, Table 9 shows aggregated numbers for speed, distance and fuel consumption at sea and in port for different geographical areas in Norway.

Table 9 Summary of speed, distance and fuel consumption at sea and in port for different geographical areas

Total Total fuel Total fuel Area Mean nautical consumption consumption kg pr speed miles at sea in port nautical mile Sognefjord 14.2 15651.0 3641.1 1209.6 232.6 Geiranger 13.8 9534.3 2877.1 1404.9 301.8 Hardangerfjord 13.8 4916.0 1100.0 422.9 223.8 North sea 16.3 35981.0 11353.8 67.9 315.5 Norwegian waters 15.0 282213.3 86619.0 13454.5 306.9

References

Graw, R. (US Forest Service), Faure, A (Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation) A Study for Alaska Department Of Environmental Conservation, Air Pollution Inventory For 2008 Tourism Season, http://www.dec.alaska.gov/water/cruise_ships/pdfs/Skagway2008_Final_Emissions_Report.pdf

Third IMO Greenhouse Gas Study 2014. http://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Environment/PollutionPrevention/AirPollution/Documents/Third%20Green house%20Gas%20Study/GHG3%20Executive%20Summary%20and%20Report.pdf