International Journal of Academic Research ISSN: 2348-7666 Vol.2, Issue-2(4) (Special), April-June, 2015

Important Medicinal Plants of , A.P.

B. Nageswara RaoNaik1 & P. Prasanna Kumari2 1Department of Botany, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, A.P 2Department of Botany, DNR College(A), , West Godavari District, A.P.

Abstract

The tribal people have been using specific medicinal plants to cure specific ailmtments over centuries Akerel O(1992).Ethnomedicinal studies played an important role in revealing locally important plants especially for the discovery of crude drugs considering advanced knowledge in pharmacognosy, phytochemistry and Biochemistry modern drugs are prepared and in practice (Pulliah2008).The tribal medicine is very effective because they test the dose and activity directly on their own bodies to conclude its efficacy. The tribes in are nearly 7% of the total population. They are 50,000 in number. These people confine themselves to the deep forest and relay on the forest products for their needs. Hence they are enthusiastic to know the uses of different plants. Though they are utilizing crude drugs that knowledge give us basic knowledge to develop different drugs by isolating different phytochemicals. That is why the present study got importance.

Key words: Ethno medical studies; pharmacognocy; crude drugs

Introduction: the ethnobotanics. The tribal people are in practice of ethno Throughout the history of the medicinal practices since several mankind plants have been a years and standardized the dosage; valuable source of natural products remedies for the reactions; duration for maintaining human health. of medicine usage etc. Hence, the Many infectious diseases are known traditional medicinal systems to be treated with herbal remedies evolved only based on the ethnic ethnic people played a key role to knowledge, and practice. retain the ancestral knowledge. They directly applied the plants in MATERIALS AND METHODS crude form on their own bodies. Study Area They are daring enough to experiment on themselves because The present study has been they closely followed the nature of confined to ten out of 21 tribal their surroundings. Mainly by hamlets (Thandas) viz., observing the animals in the forest, Chegondapalle, Singanapalle, attained medicinal knowledge of Kondrukota, Thutugunta, Sivagiri,

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Tekuru, Sirivaka, Koruturu, during the study period (2010 - Cheduru and Gaddapalli in the 2012) were conducted. All the tribal Polavaram Mandal, West Godavari habitats of the Konda reddis district of A.P state. West Godavari present right from the foot hills of district is one of the 13 districts of Papikondalu and to the top of the Andhra Pradesh with an area of hill up to Gaddapalli were visited. 7780 Sq.kms and 3.8 million Detailed information on useful population. The district is located medicinal plant species has been on between Northern latitude of 16o spot recorded from the tribes. The 151 and 170o 301 and between the first field trip of the study area was Eastern longitudes of 800 501 and completely meant to get 810 551. It is bounded by Khammam acquaintance with the locals district on the north, Krishna including mainly medical District and Bay of Bengal on the practitioners and a few south, river Godavari on the east knowledgeable elders in the age and Krishna district on the west. group of 50 to 70 years. Subsequent Out of the 46 mandals of West field trips were used for collection Godavari district, Polavaram is one of ethnomedicinal information from with 23 villages and located in the informants by the method of Scheduled area marked for ST semi-structured interviews. Each electoral constituency. The and every medicinal practice was ethnomedicinal information has cross checked twice or thrice with been collected from 10 out of 21 medical practitioners and inhabited villages of the Polavaram informants separately. This process Mandal. The population of these also helped the investigator to villages mainly inhabited by two collect more information on tribal categories viz., Konda reddis different medicinal uses of the and Koyas only. The details of total same plant species. The plants population and percentage of tribal collected were identified with the population in the 10 selected help of different Flora (Gamble and villages in Polavaram Mandal is Fisher 1935; Rao et al 1986; furnished in Table-1. Pullaiah and Karuppusamy 2008). The plant herbarium specimens of Methodology collected plants were deposited in the Department of Botany & Well planned intensive field Microbiology, Acharya Nagarjuna trips covering three seasons (rainy, University, Guntur, A.P., . winter and summer) in a year

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Plant name & Common Plant part and its Family name medicinal use 1) Abrus precatorius, Fabaceae Seeds – To avoid pregnancy Guruvinda 2) Aristolochia indica, Aristolochiaceae Root – To avoid pregnancy Gadidagadapa (or) for 2 months Nagasaram 3) Ricinus communis, Euphorbiaceae Seed – to avoid pregnancy Amudam for one month 4) Ficus religiosa & Capparaceae Leaf – Juice cause Terminalia bellarica, pregnancy Maeruva oblongifolia, Bhuchakragadda (or) Mekulaku 5) Butia monosperma, Fabaceae Young leaves – crushed form – cause pregnancy 7) Ficus recemosa, Moraceae Bark decoction – To retain medichettu pregnancy 8) Mucuna pruriens, Fabaceae Root – To avoid abortion dulagondi 9) Soymida febrifuga, Meliaceae Bark – To avoid abortion somi chettu nature 10) Acacia Leucophlala, Mimosaceae Root – To abort 3 months Tella tumma pregnancy 11) Lawsonia inermis, Lythraceae Root – To cause abortion Gorintaku 12) Hybanthus Violaceae Leaf powder with milk – to enneaspermus increase sexual energy in ,(Ratnapurusha) male 13) Hemidesmas indica, Periplocaceae Root powder with milk – To sugandhipala promote sperm count, and sperm disorders 14) Curculigo Hypoxidaceae Tuber – powder to enhance orchioides, nelatadi sperm count 15) Asparagus Asparagaceae Tube – Powder form – to recemosus, Pilliteegalu enhance sperm count 16) Clitoria ternatia Fabaceae Leaf decoction - to increase Sankupushpam sperm count and sexual potency 17) Dichrostachys Mimosaceae Root and bark juice – To cinerae (Yelicturu avoid cold and diseases to chettu) the delivered ladies

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18) Achyranthus Amaranthaceae Root – juice – To promote aspera uttareni normal delivery 19) Achyranthus aspera Amaranthaceae Dried leaves – smoke – to uttareni kill bacteria in the house 20) Albigia lebbeck Mimosaceae Dried leaves – smoke – to kill bacteria in the house 21) Syzygium cumini Myrtaceae Stem bark grounded with Alam neredu sugar and the juice 20ml per day 22) Argemon mexicana Papaveraceae To cure white discharge in Mulupuccha women 23) Bauhenia recemosa Aesalpiniaceae Leaf with sugar – juice for 3 Arechettu days – To cure white discharge 24) Andrographis Apocyanaceae Bark – Juice to cure red paniculata (nela vemu) Piperaceae discharge & piper nigram Leaves & seeds – to cure mireyalu stomach pain during menstruval period 25) Eriolaena Sterculiaceae Leaf and Alium cepa juice – hookeriana To relieve menstruval pain Peddabottuku chettu and cause pregnancy 26) Nyctanthes Nyctanthaceae Leaves and pepper – Juice arboritis parijatam to cure malarial fever 27) Aerva lanata – Amaranthaceae Total plant juice – To Pindikura mokka releives fever 28) Cassia auriculata Caesalpionaceae Leaf with Allium sativum – (Tangedu) to heal from gum motions 29) Acalypha indica Euphorbiaceae Flowers with one beetle leaf kuppinta (or) – To cure Asthama Muripinda 30) Coldenia Boraginaceae Leaf juice – Topical procumbens application cure cracks in cheppuottaku feet

Now-a-days human society Because of these draw backs now concentrating on allopathic people slowly turned back to the medicine which relieves the disease, phytomedicine. This medicine is it cannot eradicate the pathogen or safe enough eradicate deficiency, deficiency but enhances side effects. kill pathogens.

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Hence, this is the need of Conclusion: hour to examine every medicinal plant for its medicinal efficacy. In The health problems of the people this juncture this study got all around the world has been importance of the tribal medicinal increasing. The allopathic plants. medicinal system is working its best to address those problems, but Discussions: In this study 30 it brings so many side effects and medicinal plants were enlisted in post treatment ill health the given tabular form. Along with developments. Treatment to one the Latin name, vernacular name; disease bringing another and family and the part used for health recovery is almost not seen. medicine off all families Family At this juncture the world is Fabaceae members are in 04 looking for total cure without any number followed by side effects. Amaranthaceae and mimosaceae 03 each. Caesalpinaceae & As the tribal people test the efficacy Euphorbiaceae 02 species each. The of the plant crude drug on remaining families represent one themselves and set the dosage, ach. combination etc. it is very alternative remedy for the chronic The numbers of families that diseases without side effects Basha represent present study plants are Sk & Sudarsanam G (2010). 24. They are Fabaceae; Amaranthaceae, mimosaceae; Now- a -days infertility both in men caesalpionaceae; Euphorbiaceae and women has been increased due which are most wide in their to the changed life styles; food distribution. Some of the rare habits etc. The tribal people use families like violaceae; the ethno botanics like Hybanthus Aristolochiaceae; Sterculiaceae, enneaspermus, Hemidsmus indica; Lythraceae etc. 6 plants are used curculigo orcheioides and for promote pregnancy, 3 plants Asperagus recemosa roots to are to induce abortions. 5 plants to correct sperm problems in men enhance sperm cells production, to (Lingaiah M & Naga Raja Rao P avoid sexual debility; 2 plants for (2013). At the same time plants postnatal care; plant to make house like Ficus religiosa, Maeruva bacteria free; 3 plants to avoid oblongifolia, butia monosperma discharge problems of women 2 cure infertility problems in women plants to cure menstrual pain and Yugandhar P et.al (2014). Purified retain pregnancy. For treating environment is essential to keep asthma; malarial fever, normal general health. fever, gum motions cracks in feet – The important medicinal plants one plant each. Argemon mexicana, Bauhenia

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International Journal of Academic Research ISSN: 2348-7666 Vol.2, Issue-2(4) (Special), April-June, 2015 recemosa and Andrographis All the above mentioned plants paniculata plants cure different were proved to be potent in clearing kinds of discharges in women infertility problems; improving Ganesh P & Sudarsanam G (2013). general health and keeping environment bacteria free. Hence, Achyranthus aspera; Albegia lebec there is necessity to bring all the leaves has been used to make house above plants medicinal properties interior bacteria free Murthy E N into utility, available to effected (2012). people. That will be useful to the society.

Mucuna pruriens Abrus precatorius

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Curculigo orchioides

Syzygium cumini

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Eriolaena hookeriana Nyctanthes arbor-tristis

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