The Taxonomic Composition and Affinities of the Brazilian Pauropoda with Descriptions of Three New Species from Central Amazonia (Myriapoda, Pauropoda: Pauropodidae)

AMAZONIANA XV (3/4): 169 - 182 Kiel, Dezember 1999

The taxonomic composition and affinities of the Brazilian Pauropoda with descriptions of three new species from Central Amazonia (Myriapoda, Pauropoda: Pauropodidae)

Ulf Scheller

Orl Utf Scheller, Häggeboholm, Häggesled, 53194 Järpås, Sweden. (Accepted for publication: February, 1999).

Abstract

The taxonomic composition and alfinities ofthe Brazilian Pauropoda are discussed. Three new species ofPauropoda are described from Central Amazonia: Allopauropus hylekoites, from a blackwater inundation forest near the Rio Tarumã Mirím, Stylopauropoides dytanekes and Polypauropus duckensis from a primary forest in Reserva Florestal A. Ducke.

Keywords: Pauropoda, distribution, soil fauna, inundation forest, primary forest, Amazonia, Brazil, Neotropics.

Resumo

Discute-se a composição taxonômica e as afinidades dos paurópodos Brasileiros. Descreve-se três novas espécies de Pauropoda da Amazônia Cenlral: Allopauropus hylekoites, de uma floresta inundável de água preta perto do Rio Tarumã Mirim, Stylopauropus dytanekes e Polypauropus duckensís de uma floresta primária da Reserva Florestal A. Ducke.

ISSN 0065-675511999/169/ O MPI für Limnologie, AG Tropenökologie, Plön; INPA, Manaus

t69 IntroductÍon the species known both from Brazil and from outside. Among the genera in Pauropodi- dae, the dominant family in Brazil (Table l), Pauropus and stylopauropus have not yet From the important soil fauna material collected in Central Amazonia by PD Dr. been collected but they may occur at least in the south, the latter in the north as well. Joachim Adis, Plön, and his collaborators, more than 7300 specimens have been studied Another genus, which might be present, is Diplopauropøs, previously known from the and 52 species have been recorded, 48 of which new to science (SCHELLER 1994' US and the Virgin Islands. 1997). Recently three more species new to science have been found from near Manaus, The family Millotauropodidae is, as elsewhere, poor in species, having one genus one collected from dead wood in a blackwater inundation forest near the Rio Tarumã worldwide and only 2 species in Brazil while the family Pauropodidae is very diverse. Mirím and two species in soil samples from Reserva Florestal A. Ducke. They are Most species in the latter family belong to subfamily Pauropodinae which has 4l described below. Dr. Adis' material has now placed 51 new species and 2 previously species ofthe 4 generaAllopauropus, Cauvetauropus, Stylopauropoides andHemipauro- described species on the list of the Central Amazonian Pauropoda. pus, together 72 % of all Brazilian species. As elsewhere the genus Allopauropus is the The Pauropoda from the remaining part of Brazil have received little attention. In most diverse, with 37 species or 65 Yo of all Brazilian species. The subfamily Sclero- earlier collections only 4 species were reported. The first records were published b! pauropodinae has 4 species ofone genus and Polypauropodinae l0 species of2 genera. REMY in 1956. He described two species from southern Brazil, Allopauropus (Allopau- ropus) bullatus from Nova Teutonia in Santa Catarina and A. (A.) brasiliensis from Rondon in Paraná (REMY 1956b). Some years later the same author reported Allopau- Connections to the Ethiopian region ropus (A.) sp. of the brevisetus-group from Pico da Tijuca in Rio de Janeiro (REMY 1962). Mitlotquropus temporalis (HÜTHER) was described from Serra do Navio in All Brazilian genera are common with the Ethiopian region (Table 1) but as far as Amapá and from Manaus GüfHEn 1968) and in a later paper the same author fiÜT- we know now there are about twice as many genera in the tropical part of Africa as in HER 1985) mentioned that he had found about 60 species belonging to 8 genera in Brazil At the species level the differences dominate. Three species only are amphiatlan- collections from Manaus, Santarém, Serra do Navio and Belém. However, only two tic: Allopauropus dundoensis, A. proximus and A. tenuis. However, Millotauropus species were named, Millotauropus temporalís (s.n. Rosettauropus temporalis HUT- temporalis (HÛTHER) and several of the species described from Central Amazonia HER) and Allopauropus proximus (s.n. Allopautopus clavator REMY)' (SCHELLER 1994, 1997) show afflrnities to species in the tropical parts of the Ethiopi- an region e.g. Millotauropus acostae, Allopauropus uncinatus, A. bicorniculus, A. tenuilobatus, A. mirimus, A. pachyflagellus, A. aius, A. hylaios, A. amphikomos, Sclero- The taxonomic composition of the Brazilian pauropod fauna pauropusfissus, Polypauropoides unisetus, Polypauropus tropicus, P. latebricolus. This means that more than one fourth of the Brazilian species have distinct relationships with Including the species described below the Brazilian fauna comprises 57 described the fauna of tropical Africa. Even if the very widely distributed A. proximus and A. and named species. They belong to 8 genera in two families, Millotauropodidae in the tenuis are discounted the cormections are greater than stated above becaus e 4 Braztlian Hexamerocerata and Pauropodidae in the Tetramerocerata. Although many more species species with both Nearctic and Ethiopialt affinities not have been included. are likely to be found in Brazil our present knowledge indicates a rich fauna and some Because the tectonic splitting of South America and Africa occurred in the Early general remarks are already possible. Cretaceous and because the pauropods seem to have low abilify to spread over long An unexpected outcome of the work is the apparent absence of two families in the distances, the Brazilian pauropods seem to belong to a very old stock and may largely Tetramerocerata which occur in the tropical parts of the Ethiopian, Oriental and Noto- be endemic there. gean regions and in the Holarctic, both in the Nearctic and the Palaearctic, viz. Brachy- The number of species in Brazil and tropical Africa (from Senegal to Angola in the pauropodidae and Eurypauropodidae. This absence is peculiar since Brazil has several west to Kenya and Uganda in the east: 17 collections with well over I100 specimens) species of Pauropodidae either in common with or taxonomically close to species in is, as far as known, very different. Brazil has 57 species, tropical Africa 109, but the other regions, particularly in the Ethiopian region but also, to a lesser degree, in the figures are not directly comparable because the collection methods most often have not Nearctic. The limited and haphazard data from surrounding countries accord with these been the same and the climate, soil and vegetation of the sampling sites are different. findings: Argentina (REMY 1950a, 1950b, 1958a, 1962; SCHELLER 1968), Paraguay Although in general only very small collections have been studied it is apparent that the (HANSEN 1902), Colombia (REMY 1950b), Surinam (REMY 1961). Brachypauropo- pauropods of tropical Africa show a greater diversity than those of Brazil. dids occur, however, in Panama (REMY 1954), the Virgin Islands (SCHELLER & MUCHMORE 1989) and Jamaica (REMY 1958b). At least the genus Panamauropus might be expected in Brazil. Connections to the Nearctic Knowledge of both species composition and geographic distribution is, disregarding some tenths of kilometres around Manaus, still completely uninvestigated or in an early Disregarding the very widespread Allopauropus proximus no Brazilian Pauropoda stage of development. Not only are some genera and many species yet to be discovered species is common to the Nearctic but there are species which show taxonomical or described and named from Brazil, but the complete distribution is unknown for all similarities with species there. However, the resemblances are less pronounced than in

t70 17t part the direction of the Ethiopian region. On the genus level too the similarities to the smallest; distal of flagella axes most insignificantly widened. Globulus g 1.3(-1.4) times as long as Nearctic are limited since only 4 of the 8 Brazilian genera occur in the Nearctic. greatest diâmeter, *Ç þ¡¿s1.' length ofg 0.6(-0.7) of the length of s, diameter 0.6(-0.8) of the greatest Furthermore the number of genera in the Nearctic, 15 up to now, is much greater than diameter of ¡. Antennae glabrous. in Brazil. Trunk. - Setae ofcollum segment simple, subcylindrical, annulate, blunt; sublateral one (2.9-)3.0(-3.2) times as long as submedian one; sternite process narrow and with small anterior incision; appendages cylindrical with low flat caps; anterior part ofprocess distinctly pubescent, appendages minutely. Setae on tergites ofmedium length, subcylindrical, annulate, blunt. 4+4 Descriptions of three new species in Pauropodidae setae on tergite I,6+6 on II_V, 4+2 on VI; setae on posterior tergites sornewhat shorter than on anterior ones. Length of submedian posterior setae on VI (0.2-)0.3 of their distance apart and (0.6-)0.7 of the length of pygidial a,. Tergires Notes l-V indistinctly divided transversely. * Abbreviations: ad. ... and subad. ..., an adult or a subadult specimen with the number ofpairs of legs Trichobothria with straight simple axes; I, with distal swelling which is widest in proximal half, twice indicated; juv. ..., a juvenile specimen with the number of pairs ol legs indicated wider than long and almost 0.2 ol the length of trichobothrium. 1'he T,-7, and To-7, with very thin axes ** Length ofbody excluding the antennae, range ofvariation in adult paratypes given in brackets. and simple oblique-erect pubescence hairs, whorled in distal halves, longest on ?",. Axes of I, somewhat thicker and with oblique short pubescerrce on proximal half, more distally increasing in length and whorled; most distally an end-swelling which is ( I .5-) I .9 times as long as its greâtest diameter and covered Order Tetramerocerata with dense short erect pubescence. Relative lengths oftrichobothria: f, = IOO, Tt=9j(-105), ?'r= (g5_ Family Pauropodidae )91(-96), rr = 102(-108), T,= (lt9-\120(-t27). Pauropodinae Subfamily Penes (paratypes only) subconical, submedian sides almost straight, lateral ones rounded; they are glabrous, 1.3 times as long as their greatest diameter; distal seta long, l. I times as long as penis. Genus Allopøuropus SILVESTRI' 1902 Legs. - Setae on coxa and trochanter ol legs l-9 simple, subcylindrical, densely striate. Coxal seta of leg2in maleresemblescoxalsetaeoltheotherlegs.Tarsusofleggtapering,short,1,7(-2.9)timesas l, Allopøuropus hylekoites n.sp. (Figs. 1-11) long as their greatest diameter; setae cylindrical, annulate, blunt, proximal one 0.2 ofthe lerrgth oftarsus and (0.8-)0.9 of the length of distal seta. Cuticle of tarsus with faint pubescence. Type locality. - Brazil, Manaus, Rio Tarumà Mirirn (03'02'S, 60" l7'W), blackwater inundation forest, Pygidium. Tergum. - Posterior margin with large median triangular lobe between ø,. Relative lengths upright dead tree, under bark and in dead wood 0.5-2 m above high water. ofsetae: a, = 100, a, = 100(-125), a,= 155(-192), sr = (81-)83(-95). All setae striare; a,, a,and a, Type marerial. - Holotype, ad.9 (ç), locality as above, ll.lv.l997, leg. J. Adis and K. Vohland cylindrical, blunt, somewhat diverging, a, also curved inwards; .rt tapering, pointed, striate, curved inwards and converging. Holotype in the INPA collections. Distance a, - a, 1.2(-1.4) times as long as a,; distance a,- a,2.5(-3.0) tirnes as lo¡g as Pararypes: same data as holotype, l5 ad. 9 (3 d, ll 9, I sex?), I juv. 6,2 stad.?, 11.1V.1997, leg. distance arar;distance.ç/ -.sl twice longer than sl and (1.3-)1.4 tirnes as long as distance a1- a,. Cuticle glabrous. J. Adis and K. Vohland. Paratypes in the INPA collections. - In all l9 specimens. Remarks. - Allopauropus hylekoites was collected from an upright dead tree in blackwater inundation Sternum. - Posterior malgin with broad shallow indentation below the plate. Relative lengths of setae forest (upper seasonal igapó), near the Rio Tarumã Mirím about 20 km upstream from Manaus. The habitat (a¡ = 100): å, = (305J35a(487), b, = 148(-155). These setae subcylindrical, tapering, striate, å, curved has not previously been recorded for the paulopods of the inundation forests. inwards and converging. The å, ( I .4-) I .5 times as long as their distance apart; b, (0.8-)0.9 of the distance b, - br. Anal plate linguiform, l.l(-1.2) times as long as broad and with somewhat convex lateral margins Description and a shallow posteromedian incision; two short, somewhat curved, striate appendages project backwards Length. - (0.43ì0.48(-0.60) mm. from the rounded posterolateral corners; appendages 0.5 ofthe length olplate; plate glabrous. Head. - Tergal and lateral setae ofmedium length, one lateral seta rather long. Setae thin and densely Etyrnology. From Greek, hylekoites = dweller of woodlands. annulate, tergal ones subcylindrical and blunt, lateral ones cylindrical and pointed. Relative lengths of Affinities. The species closely resembles the Moroccan A. angadus REMY, 1952. It is distinguished setae, lstrowi d¡= 10,a2= (ll-)13;2ndrow: a,=(ll-)12,a,=(14-)16(-17),at=(7-)9;3rdrow:a,= from that species by the following characters: tergal antennal branch as long as sternal one in hylekoites 13,a,=(l6ll7; 4throw: a,=(12-)13,ar=(18-)20('21),ar=(14-)18, ao=(14-)16(-17);lateral group: but 0.8 ofthat length in angadus, antennal seta /'proportionately short in hylekoites (r/r = 0.7), long in I st 0.9(- I .0), in 2nd tow (0.6-) angadus (rh 1,9) and on the pygidium /, = (30-)36, l, = (22-)23(-25), t 3 = (S-)22(-23). The ratio a,/a,-a, is in row = the .r/ are tapering and pointed, not clavate; the a, is 1.7 times as 0.7, in 3rd row 0.9 and in 4th row (0.710.8. Temporal organs ovoid, (1.2-)1.3 times as long as their long as the ar, not 3.5. The anal plate is also very similar to that in A. pu.sillus REMY, 1948 frorn the shortest distance apart; no pistil; small pore at the posterior margin at a level ol/,. Head cuticle glabrous. lvory Coast but the two species are easily distinguished by the shape of the antennal flagella Ë,, the I, and Antennae. - Segment 4 with 4 setae, the p-group cylindrical, annulate, blunt; r subcylindrical, tapering, the pygidial setae .ç¡ and ar. There are reasons too to place A. hylekoites near a species from the US, l. striare, pointed. Relative lengths of setae: p = t}o, p'= (54-)56(-61), p" = 4l(-53), r = (43-)46(-47). iunctus (REMY I 956a), particularly as there are similarities in the general shape of the a¡tennae and the (- Tergal seta p ( I .4-) I .5 times as long as tergal branch /. The latter short, almost cylindrical, I .5 I .7) times pygidium but they are dissimilar in some important respects: antennal globulus g has conical stalk in as long as its greatest diameter and about as long as sternal branch s which is 1.4(-l'6) times as long as hylekoites, almost cylindrical injunctus; the trichobothria Z3 have large apical swellings ìn hylekoites, not its greatest diameter and with its anterodistal corner strongly truncate. Setap on 4th segment, (1.2-)l'3 so in iunctus, and the pygidial setae .ç, are tapering and pointed in hylekoites, cylindrical in junctus. times as long as s. Relative lengths offlagella (base segments included) and base segments: F¡ = lOO, Among the Amazonian species l. hylekoites may be most close to A. pachyJtagett¡r.s SCHELLER, ós,=61-3r' Fz=38(-42),bs,=(3-)4;fj=(84-)87(-91),bs,=1.TheF,(5.0l5Stimesaslongas/,Frand 1997. There are strong similarities in the shape ofthe trichobothria and weaker ones in the chaetotaxy of those of F, F3 0,i-)2.3 and (4.6)5.3 times as long as s respectively. Distal calyces subhemispherical, the head and the pygidium. Good distinguishing characters can be found in the antennae (flagellae thick and widened distally in pachyflagellus, of normal thickness and not at all widened in hylekoites), and in

172 173 some collum characters (process very narrow and glabrous and not divided anteriorly, appendages small and T, hemispherical caps in pachyflagellu.r, process with broader base and incised anteriorly, appendages with Legs. - Seta on trochanter of leg 9 somewhat longer than seta on coxa of that leg; these setae are Moreover, in pachyflagella.s, plate is broadest large and wide with flat caps it hylekoites). the anal furcate, densely pubescent, main branch leafl-shaped, secondary branch thin and very slightly clavate and pygidial setae and the a, of the same length ar. anteriorly, the sl cylindrical as the a, and reaching 0.6-0.7 ofthe length olmain branch. More anteriorly these setae have a proportionately shorter and wider main branch and a rudimentary cylindrical glabrous secondary branch. Tarsus of teg 9 (paratypes only) slender, (4.4-4.6) times as long as its greatest diameter. Proximal seta tapering, pointed, with distinct Genus Stylopauropoídes REMY, 1956 depressed pubescence; distal seta subcylindrical, annulate, blunt with short oblique pubescence. proximal seta (0.4) of the length of tarsus and (3.6-3.9) times as long as distal seta. Cuticle of tarsus with very 2. Stylopauropoídes dytønelres n.sp. (Figs. 12-25) sparse but distinct pubescence on proximal 2/3, denser but short most distally. Pygidium. Tergum. - Posterior margin rounded but with a median plate-like structure between sl: plate Type locality. - Brazil, Manaus, Reserva Florestal A. Ducke (02'55'S,59'59'W), on the Manaus- 3 times broader than long. Relative lengths ofsetae: a, = 100, a,= ll0(-143), a,= 170(-200),s¡ = 65(-69). Itâcoatiara highway (AM 010),26 km north ofManaus, primary upland forest on yellow latosols. These setae are curved inwards, the first three tapering pointed and with oblique pubescence, .rl thin Type material. - Holotype: ad.9 (ç), locality as above, KEMPSON soil extraction,6.lX.l983, loc. cylindrical blunt and striate. Distance a,-a, 1.3(-l .5) times as long as a,; distance a¡ar(3.3-)3.6(-4.1) times K3lRD, leg. J. Adis et al. Holotype in the INPA collections. as long as distance arar; distance.sr-.s/ 1.9(-2.0) times as long as st and about as long as distance a,-a,. posterolateral Paratypes: Ibidem,2 ad.9 (ç),9.VIII. 1983, loc. K33RD, leg. J. Adis et al. Paratypes in the INPA Lateral and parts ol tergum with sparse but distinct pubescence. collections. Sternum. - Posterior margin between å, with distinct indentation with straight bottom. Relative lengths ofsetae (ør = 100): bt =210(-265). They are thin, tapering, shortly pubescent, l.l times as long as their Description distance apart. Anaì plate 1.7(-1.8) times as long as broad, deeply cleft with the two branches taperi¡g, pointed, Length. - l.l4(-1.19) mm. curved inwards and covered with a very short almost erect pubescence; proximal part directed Head. - Tergal setae thin, all cylindrical blunt striate except aj of 2nd and ao of 4lh row which are obliquely upwards, distal 2/3 directed obliquely downwards. Etymology. tapering and pointed; lateral group setae as the mentioned a, but longer. Relative lengths of setae, I st row: - From Greek dyo = fwo and tanekes = long-pointed (anal plate). Affìnities. - S. dytanekes is not a1 = 10, a, = (10-)l l; 2nd row: a, = (l0Jl2, a, = (12)13(-15), at= | l(-12); 3rd row: r¿l = (l0ll I, a, = very close to S. ringueleti REMY, 1962 from Argentina (REMY I 962) (SCHELLER 9; 4th row: ai = (10)t l, a,= (14-)15, a¡= 15(-17), a¿= l0(-l l); lateral group setae: /, = l8(-19), /, = and Chile 1968), the single species of the genus known previously from the Neotropical region, and its relationships are difficult to trace. genus poorly (17-)lS, /.r = 18. The ratio ar/arat is (holotype only) in lst row 1.5, 2nd row 3.0, 3rd row 3.2 and 4th row The is known both taxonomically and lrom the distributional 1.9. Temporal organs in telgal view ovoid, their length (0.9 of -) as long as their shortest distance apart. point ofview. The relationships between those l3 species belonging there cannot be resolved present Just inside the posterior margin below the level ol/, a srnall aperture in the cuticle and an exterior clavate at because most species âre unsatisfactorily described and the situation is made worse by their vesicle; the latter almost 0.4 of the length of temporal organ. Head cuticle and temporal organs glabrous. scattered distribution around the southern hemisphere. In genus Anrennae. - Segment 4 with 6 setae, all thin cylindrical blunt except p"' which is tapering pointed this the anal plate is always deeply divided longitudinally, mosr often by a V-shaped cleft but glabrous; theirrelativelengths: p=100,p'=8a(-93),p"=52(-55),p"'=2a(26),r=(26-)30'u=ll(- in the new species the cleft is U-shaped like in some species occurring from tropical Africa including Madagascar to Australia, New Caledonia I 3). Tergal seta p is 0.8(-0.9i of the length of tergal branch /. The latter is somewhat fusiform, 3.6(-4.0) and New Zealand. Among them the similarity is greatest to S. delamarei (REMY) times as long as its greatest diameter and about as long as sternal branch .s which is 3.0(-3.2) times as long frorn the Ivory Coast and S. vadoni REMY from Madagascar: both have plates with as its greatest diameter and with its posterodistal corner somewhat more truncate than anterodistal one. distal appendages. Seta 4 cylindrical, faintly striate, pointed, 0.6(-0.7) ofthe length ofs. Relative lengths of flagella (base segments included) and base segments: Fr = 100, ås, = (10-)l \-12): Ft= (76\, bs, = t0; F: = (85), ós, = (13).The FrQ.4-)2.5 rimesaslongasl, F,andF, (1.7)and(1.9)timesaslongas.çrespectively.Distâl Subfamily Polypauropodinae calyces glabrous, that of F, somewhat flattened, those of F2 and F, conical; flagella axes widened only between calyx and the distal lar¡ella. Globulus g 1.5(-1.6) times as long as wide; ll bracts, capsule Genus Polypøuropur REMY, 1932 spherical; width of g 0.S(-0.9) of the greatest diameter ofl¡. Antennal segments and.s glabrous, ¡ with short pubescence, most distinct on base segment of F,. 3. Polypøuropus duckensis n.sp. (Figs. 26-41) Trunk. - Setae of collum segment furcate; primary branch foliform with dense somewhat oblique pubescence, secondary branch rudimentary, cylindrical, glabrous. Sublateral setae l.l times as long as Type locality. - Brazil, Manaus, Reserva Florestal A. Ducke (02'55's,59'59'w), on rhe Manaus- submedian ones; sternite process triangular, blunt; appendages low and very wide with flat caps; process Itacoatiara highway (AM 010),26 km north ofManaus, primary upland forest on yellow latosols. with short pubescence anteriorly, appendages weakly pubescent. Type material. - Holotype: ad. 9 (d), locality as above, KEMPSON soil extraction, 8.1X.1982, loc. head, tapering and on V-VI lanceolate; setae on Setae on tergites I-lll as tergal setae on the on IV KlgRD, leg. J. Adís et al. Holotype in rhe INPA collecrions. 4+4 setae on tergite I, 6+6 on ll- posterior tergites of about tl.ìe same length as on anterior ones. There are Paratypes: Same data as holotype, I ad.9 (9), l2.ll.l9S3, loc. KI6RD; ibidem,2 ad.9 (9), IV, 6+4 on V and 4+2 on YL submedian posterior setae on VI 0.6 of their distance apart and about as ll.vll.l983, loc. KITRD; ibidem, I ad. l0 (9),6.tx.1983, loc. K28RD. paratypes in the lNpA collec- long as pygidial setae a,. Relative lengths of trichobothria: f1 = 100, L = (94-)103' T: = 97(-l17), T, = tions. (l2l-)143, T,= (202-)213. They have simple, straight axes which are very thin except in proximal 2/3 of other material. - Ibidem, I subad. S (g), 13.x.1982, toc. KI5RD; I ad.9 (d), 13.ilt.1983, loc. 7, which are somewhat thickened. Pubescence hairs simple, short, oblique on ?n, and 7, and on proximal K25RD; I subad.8 (9), ll.vll.l983, loc. K2tRD; I ad 9 (d),g.vilt.1983, loc. K2tRD and ljuv.5, ?"randonproximal I13of T,andT2,itislonger,ramose,whorledanderectondistal l13of T, halvesof 6.1X.1983, loc. K32RD, leg. J. Adis et al. Other material in the INPA collections. - In all l0 specimens.

174 t75 Description pygidiat setae t? and by the almost straight outer margin of the anal plate setae. Among the l3 species Length. - l.l0(-l.l l) mm. described the first character is also found in P. murphyi REMy from Gambia (REMY l95gb) but the posterolate- general Head. - Tergal and lateral setae of median lengths except arin2nd row and the two most shape of the anal plate, the shape of the tergal antennal branch and the setae a,, a, and a, of the ral setae which are long. They are thin subcylindrical-cylindrical, densely annulate, all but the most pygidial tergum are dissimilar. There are some affìnities also to P. aJrioccidentalis SCHELLER from Sierra posterolateral ones blunt, the latter pointed. Relative lengths ofsetae, lst row: at = 10, at= (17')19;Znd Leone (SCHELLER 1995) in some antennal characters (the shape ofthe globulus g and the calyces ofthe row:4/= (9-)ll,ar=(ll-)12, a,=(25-)31;3rdrow: a,=9,a, =(S-)9;4throw: a,= 12, ar=(18-)19' flagella), the collum process, the collum setae and the trichobothria. Good separating characters are the a,=(17-)l9,ao=(28-)31: lateralgroupnotstudied.Theratio a,/a,-a,is in lstand2ndrows0.T(-0.8),in shape of the temporal organs (very narrow in tergal view in duckensis, almost circular in afi.iocciclentalis), shape 3rd and 4th rows 0.6(-0.7). Length of temporal organs (0.6-)0.7 of their shortest distance apart; neither the of the collum appendages (caps flat and divided, not rounded with distinct collar) and the shape pistil nor posterior pore present. Mediotergal plate with anteromedian broadly V-shaped incision and of the pygidial setae // and /2 (short-stalked, not long-stalked). Among the Central Amazonian species it narrowing posteriorly; it is (3.213.3 times as long as its greatest breadth. Head cuticle glabrous. may be most close to P. tropicus SCHELLER. Antennae,-segment4with4setae,allbluntandannulate: p=100,p'=(88-)l2l,P"='11(-93)'r= (23-)36. Tergal setap 1.5(-1.8) times as long as tergal branch t. The latter short, widest in distal half, (1.3-)1.5 times as long as its greatest diameter and (0.410.5 of the length of sternal branch .s which is References (1.4-)1.5(-1.6) times as long as its greatest diameter and with its anterodistal corner truncate. Setae 4 and Relative lengths of flagella q'cylindrical annulate: q about as long as.s and 0.7(-0.8) of the length of q'. HANSEN, H.J. (1902): On the genera and species ofthe order Pauropoda. - Vidensk. Meddr dansk naturh. (base segments included) and base segments: Fr = 100, ós, = (l0ll2; 4 = (98-)l l0(-l I l), å.s, = (9-)l l; Foren. Kjøbenhavn l90l : 323-424, pl. l-6. (2.6-)2.8 and 2.2(-2.4) f1 = (78-)30(-96), ås, = 10. The F, (5.7-)6.2(-6.9) times as long as r, F, and F, HÙTHER, W. (1968): Erstnachweis der Pauropoda Hexamerocerata für Südamerika, mit Beschreibung times as long as .s respectively. Distal calyces with 6 bracts and of similar structure as the globuli of .s; einer neuen Art. - Rev. Écol. Biol. Sol. 3: 561-567. globuli of those of F, short conical with broad base of the capsule, those ol F, and F, ovoid. Length of HÙTHER, W. (19S5): Verbreitung und Vorkommen einiger Pauropodenarten im Brasilianischen Amazo- sternal branch (stalks included (2.3-)2.7(2.8) times as long as greatest diameter and (0.610.7 of the length nas-Gebiet. - Bijdr. Dierk. 55(l): 95-99. the greatest of s; distal globulus at least twice larger than proximal one and its diameter 0.7(-0.8) of REMY, P.A. (1948): Pauropodes de l'Afrique orientale britannique. - Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. ll8(3): 5ó8- diameter of t. Antennae glabrous except I and ós, which have a short pubescence. 574. one 1.2(-1.4) Trunk. - Setae ofcollum segment simple, somewhat clavate, blunt, annulate; sublateral REMY, P.A. (1950a): Pauropodes Argentins récoltés par M. Julio A. Rosas Costa dans le territoire de times as long as submedian one; sternite process broadly triangular, rounded anteriorlyl appendages with Misiones. - Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat., Paris (2) 22:245-249. broad base and flat 4.parted caps; process and basal part of appendages with short pubescence. REMY, P.A. (1950b): Trois nouveaux paulopodes Sud-Américains. - Arthropoda l:175-179. 4+4 setae on tergite [, Setae on tergites of medium length, subcylindrical, blunt, annulate. There are REMY, P.A. (1952): Diagnoses de nouveaux Pauropodes marocains. - Bull. Soc. Sci. nat. Phvs. Maroc.30: 6+6 on Il-lV, ? onY,6+2 on Vl. Length of submedian posterior setae on VI 0.2 of their distance apart and l 49- I s8. (0.5-)0.6 of the length of pygidial ø,. REMY, P.A. (1954): Pauropodes de la zone du canal de panama. - Revue flr. Ent. 2l(4): zgl-29g. on proximal l/3 of 7,, Toand Trichobothria with straight simple axes; pubescence hairs simple, oblique REMY, P'4. (1956a): Pauropodes des États-Unis d'Arnérique. - Mérn. Soc. natn. Sci. nat. math. Cherbourg proximal halfof Zr, almost erect for the rest. Relative lengths oftrichobothria: I, = 100, Tz = l2l(-128), 47: l-48. Penes (paratype only) subconical, 2.1 times fj = (150-)l6l(-164), T4 = (153-)l6l(-165), Ts= 153(-163). REMY, P.A. (1956b): Diagnose de deux espèces de pauropodes du Brésil oriental. - Rev. BLasil. Biol. as long as their greatest diameter; distal seta 0.4 ofthe length oforgan; penes glabrous. 16(4): 429-433. legs l-9 of the same length, simple, Legs. - All legs 5-segmented. Setae on coxa and trochanter of REMY, P.A. (1958a): Description d'un nouveau Pauropus d'Argentine. - Bull. Soc. Sci. Nancy (n.S.) l7: cylindrical, striate, blunt. Tarsus ofleg 9 tapering, (3.0-)3.2 times as long as its greatest diameter. Proximal 1a 11 seta cylindrical, with short oblique pubescence; its length 0.3 of the length of tarsus and I .5G Ló) times as REMY, P.A. (1958b): Pauropodes de Gambie. - Bull. Mus. Hist. nat., paris (2) 30:436-442. Tarsus with minute pubescence. long as distal seta which is somewhat clavate, annulate. REMY' P.A. (1961): Stations de Symphyles et Pauropodes; description d'une espèce nouvelle d"'Allopau- Pygidium. Tergum. - Posterior margin almost straight, very small bulge posterior of 4,. All setae ropus". - Bull. Soc. Lorraine Sci. l: 8l-99. except l/ thin, tapering, pointed, /, triangular in tergal view, a, and t, with distinct, other setae with very REMY, P.A. (1962): Pauropodes Sud-Américains. - Biol. Amér. austr. l:49-61. short pubescence in distal part. The c, somewhat curved outwards, ø, and sf curved inwards but diverging, SCHELLER, u. (1968): chilean and Argenrinian pauropoda. - Biol. Amêr. austr.4: 2i-5-306. (80-)92, (467-)534, t, d2 srraight and diverging. Relative lengths of setae'. at = 100' at = 120' ø: = st = = SCHELLER, U. (1994): Pauropoda of a secondary forest near the Tarumã Mirím River, Amazonas, Brazil as distance ar-ar; distance 40. Distance a¡a, l.l of the length of a¡; distance a¡-ar3.9(-4.0) times as long (Myriapoda, Pauropoda, Pauropodidae). - Amazoniana l3( I /2): 65- I 30. Cufrcle with short st-sf as long as (- I .2) times as long as .sl and (4.014.3 times as long as distance a,-a,. SCHELLER, U. (l 995): First record of Pauropoda (Myriapoda) lrom Sierra Leone. - Enr. scand. Suppl. 47: pubescence. I -53. rounded. Sternum. - Posterior margin with median roundly V-shaped indentation, posterolateral corners SCHELLER, U. (1997): Pauropoda lrom upland and inundation forests in Central Amazonia, Brazil pygidial Relative lengths of setae (a, = 100): år = 230, bz = 73(-92), t, = 46-53(-56) The ó, as a, of (Myriapoda, Pauropoda: Millotauropodidae, pauropodidae). - Amazoniana 14(314):223-300. long as) their distance aparl; bt tergum but thinner, ó, somewhat thicker. The ó, as long as (-1.5 times as SCHELLER, U. & W. MUCHMORE (1989): Pauropoda and Symphyla collected on Sr. John, U.S. Virgin 0.5(-0.6) of distance b,-b,.The 4 distinctly larger than 1,. Anal plate represented by two posteriorly Islands. - Caribb. J. Sci. 25(3/4): t64-t95. directed stalked lamelliform setae; distal part subcircular, outer margin almost straight, inner margin SILVESTRI, F. (1902): Ordo Pauropoda. - In: BERLESE, A.: Acari, Myriopodaer Scorpioneshucusque strongly curved; they are set with erect pubescence which is strongest on inner side. in ltalia reperta, 10. Padua. Etymology. A latinization of Ducke alluding to the collecting site in Reserva Florestal A' Ducke. Affinities. The new species is clearly distinguished by the large size and asymmetrical shape of the

176 177 ¡å ¡ ¡l1f J o,i Table l: Genera and subgenera of Pauropoda in the Nearctic, Brazil and tropical Africa. I ¡ o I å I o ,t Family and Subgenus Nearctic Brazil Tropical genus Africa 5 i I j $ Millotauropodidae t å 7 Millotauropus + + Pauropodidae I r Allopauropus Allopauropus + + + Decapauropus + + + 9 t Peris.sopauropus + + + + Pauropus 03 Stylopauropus Stylopauropus + + Donzelotauropus + 02 t Propepauropus + 11 + ; Stylopauropoides bl 1 + + Hemipauropus ,(" ) '|\ Cauvetauropus Cauvetauropus + + Nesopauropus + + -/A(; Monodauropus L) 4 Scleropauropus Scleropauropus + + + Scleropauropoides + L2 Scleropauropopsís + Colinauropus + 6 Fagepauropus + + Polypauropoídes + + + Ø Polypauropus + + + w Amphipauropus + w 10 Díplopauropus + # t3 Afrauropodidae î s Afrauropus + Brachypauropodidae /, Brachypauropus + Aletopauropus + Zygopauropus + 2 + Deltopauropus 2O pm Panamauropus + + ,o ._ Eurypauropodidae B p b Eurypauropus + 3 Samarangopus Sphaeropauropus + Figs. l-12: Allopauropus (Decapauropus) hylekoítes n.sp., holotype. Total number of genera l5 8 t'7 l: Head, median and right part, tergal view. 2: Temporal organ, posterior part, right side, lateral view. 3: Right antenna, sternal view.4: Collum segment, median and left part, sternal view.5: Tergite VI, posteromedian part and right posterolateral corner. 6: 7,. 7: Zr. 8: Left penis and seta on coxa of leg 2, anterior view. 9: Seta on coxa of leg 9. 10: Tarsus of leg 9. I l: Pygidium, posterior and left part, sternal view. 12: Anal plate, lateral view. Pubescence only partly drawn in 10. Scale a: 6,7, 8;b: 1,2, 4, 5,9, l0; c: J, Il, 12.

178 179 A A \\fi *â. f Ã r 27 lil I 15 13 bt '2tr q \fi zz ,lr l/ 23 p q sf i\ o 25 @ ,@ ... ú'ì' rt lf l '..-ij:v { o 1B 26 20 19

/, tr {i 20 pm 24 o 16 c

20 um L4 /" t7 b

Figs. l8-26: Stylopauropoides dytanekes n.sp., holotype. l8: Tergite VI, posteromedian part and right posterolateral corner. 19 T,.20 Tr.27'. Seta on coxa of leg Figs. l3-17: 9. 25: Pygidium, posterior part, sternal view. 2ó: Anal plate, lateral view. Pubescence only partly drawn ides dytanekes n.sp., holotype. Stylopauropo in 25. Scale a: 19, 20; b: 21-24; c: 18, 25, 26. l3: Head, median and right part, tergal view. l4: Temporal organ, right side, posterior part with extemal bladder, pore and lateral group setae. 15: Right antenna, sternal view. 16: Sternal antennal branch, right side, tergal view. l7: Collum segment, median and left part, sternal view. Scale a: l7; b: l3-16.

180 l8l 32 33

02 b3

37 36

ßo (ß) 29:.:r

35 *

i 1I ¿ \

20 pm -ñ- ,o f 31 f f

Figs.27-37: Polypauropus duckensis n.sp.27-28,30-37 holotype, 29 paratype ad. l0(9). 27: Head, median and right side, térgal view. 28: Right antsnna, tergal view. 29: Flagellum F,, apical part. 30: Collum segment, median and left part, sternal view.3l: Tergite VI, posteromedian part and right posterolateral comer. 32: 7,. 33: Tr.34: Seta on trochanter of leg 9. 35: Tarsus of leg 9. 36: Right penis and seta on coxa of leg 2, Iateral view. 37: Pygidium, posterior part, tergal view. Pubescence only partly drawn in 35 and 37. Scale a: 27,30,32-36; b:31,37; c: 28.

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