Self assessment report for the city of

Thematic area ‘Energy efficient buildings and districts’

Focus on Vuores-project (a new “eco-city” in a green- field area) and Tammela-project (energy efficient complementary construction and refurbishment)

Name: Antti Nikkanen and Elli Kotakorpi

Completed on: 7th of May 2012

Who contributed to this report: Elina Seppänen, Sanna Huikuri, Kirsi Viertola

PART I CITY PROFILE and CONTEXT

General information Tampere is the third largest city in and the largest inland centre in about the city the . Currently there are over 213,000 inhabitants in (max. 200 words) Tampere, and close to 400 000inhabitants in Tampere Region, which comprises Tampere and its neighbouring municipalities. Tampere is expecting 45,000 more inhabitants by 2030. The rapid growth of population puts immense pressure on city planning to find enough space for residential construction. To address this challenge Tampere has taken serious actions to direct new construction to existing areas as near to city centre as possible.

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Energy demand Please provide some information about in your city: (e.g. graphs)

• Energy consumption per sector • CO2 emissions per sector

GHG Consumption sectors 2010 Primary energy emissions GWh 1000 t CO2eq. Households 2753 598 Industry 1645 332 Services 1195 252 City organisation 337 73 Other public 319 69 Agriculture and forestry 13 8 Transport 1203 Unclassified (waste, transport) 350 Total 7466 1681

Energy consumption 2010 Primary energy GWh 2587 Separate heating (mainly LFO) 456 Electric heating 336 Electricity use 2073 Transport 1196 Industrial heat 678 Agricultural heat 4 Machinery 137 Total 7466

Emission sources 2010 GHG emissions 1000 t CO2eq. Heating 773 Electricity 457 Transport 304 Machinery 97 Agriculture (direct emissions) 5 Waste management 46 Industry (direct emissions) 0 Total 1681

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Energy supply and Please describe the characteristics of the energy supply, including: energy infrastructure mix (share of renewables, fuel, nuclear…), approx. energy price, energy (max. 200 words) infrastructure (district heating, share of distributed generation), ownership of the energy company (production and distribution), etc

Energy sources 2010 Primary energy GWh Natural gas 3763 Fuel oils 666 Petrol and diesel 1197 770 Wood fuels 521 Other renewables 79 Market electricity 470 Total 7466

Are the numbers in the table for the municipality organization or the inhabitants? What is “market electricity”?  The figures are for the whole Tampere (inhabitants, industry, the city itself). Market electricity means “bought electricity”, i.e. the amount of electricity which is bought from the market and not produced in Tampere area.

Current energy prices at the local energy utility (prices including taxes): Electricity for private homes 7,41 cent/kWh Certified wind-powered electricity 8,16 cent/kWh Electricity transfer cost 5,46 cent/kWh District heating 59,53 €/MWh (+ 10% in winter months and –20 % in summer months)

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Energy infrastructure and the local energy utility

About 90 % of all buildings in the city area are connected to the district heating grid. The heat is generated mostly in combined heat and power processes fueled mainly by natural gas, peat and wood fuels. Part of the heat in peak consumption times is generated in smaller heat plants producing only heat.

Share of fuels for electricity production is 76 % natural gas, 13 % peat 11% and wood fuels. For heat the shares are 66 % natural gas, 17 % peat, 15 % wood fuels and 2 % oil. In addition the utility owns 14 MW worth of plants in the city center and shares in wind parks at the coast of Finland (Other renewables in the table above). Currently the hydropower plants are under construction and the capacity will be slightly increased as a result. There are plans to invest in waste incineration and wind power and steadily increase the capacity to use wood fuels. The local energy utility is entirely owned by the city of Tampere, but it is an independent for-profit company.

Building stock Please describe the characteristics of your building stock, including the number of units and share (%) of residential (private or rent), (max. 500 words) public buildings, social housing, services, industries… What part of the buildings is owned (directly or indirectly) by the city?

In addition, please provide some data about buildings build before 1975 (%, m2, average kWh/m2, etc).

The size of the building stock is 15,7 million m2. The share of housing from this amount is 65 % (10,1 million m2). The number of flats in Tampere is 121 329. The share of social housing from this is c.a. 22 % (26 440 flats). Around 28 % of the housing stock (or residential sector) is owned by the city.

The share of privately owned flats is 41% and the share of rented flats is 50 %. Some confusion here, 9 % is missing??  In the statistics 7,5 % is for some reason “unclassified”. It hasn’t been possible to determine are they rented or privately owned. 2,5 % of the flats are so called “right of residence apartments”. This is a hybrid between rented and owned flat. More information in English: http://www.ymparisto.fi/default.asp?node=10782&lan=en#a3

In the diagram over energy in different buildings, the word “kiinteä” is not translated. In the last diagram you have written “waste air?”. Do you maybe mean ventilation? In that diagram, the year is also misprinted.

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References (both in Finnish):

http://www.tampere.fi/material/attachments/5iHTLSId5/ASUMINEN_JA_R AKENTAMINEN_Tilastoaineisto_2010.pdf

http://www.eco2.fi/uploads/esitykset/TATOS- loppuraportti%2015042011%20VALMIS.pdf

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Transport Please describe very briefly the characteristics of the transport sector (modal split, public transport characteristics, cycling…) (max. 200 words)

Public transport system in Tampere is based on buses. Tampere is currently planning a light tram system. The building of the tram system could start in 2015 the earliest.

The length of the cycling network is 642 km, but most of the routes are combined cycling and walking routes. The total length of the routes meant only for cycling is 40 km.

The modal split in Tampere: 0-5 km over 5 km walking and cycling 51% 3% bus 9% 26% private car 39% 69% 0ther 1% 2%

Regional and Please describe the national conditions and incentives for energy efficiency and savings in buildings in your country (national programmes, national context rules, incentives, tax regulations, implementation of EU directives…) (max. 500 words) There are no obligations based on law that would obligate municipalities to save energy or lower emissions levels in Finland. However, the climate goals of the state obligate also the municipalities to take actions. The way to implement this is the voluntary municipal and state energy efficiency agreement, which Tampere has ratified. The goal of this agreement is to increase energy efficiency 9 % by 2016.

Another agreement to promote energy and climate goals is the agreement on land use, housing and traffic that has been consummated between the municipalities in Tampere region and the state.

Back-up from the national level: • The ratified by Finland and the climate strategy of the state (-80% CO2 by 2050), that are also the cornerstones for climate goals of the municipalities, are the main supportive factors.

• The most important subsidies are the subsidies and feed-in tariff for renewable energies. However, the Feed-in tariff applies only to biomass and large-scale wind power, which slows down the development of small scale wind power, biogas and .

• One important programme in this field is the ERA 17 –programme that stands for Energy-Smart Built Environment. It is a programme that maps out the best ways to take Finland further in energy-smartness. An energy-smart built environment refers to an energy-efficient, low-

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emission, high quality built environment that employs all necessary means to mitigate . The ultimate goal of the plan is that in 2050, Finland will be able to offer the world’s best living and operating environment for people and businesses. http://era17.fi/en/. In Tampere a local ERA 17 –plan is going to be made in 2012.

• National funding instruments enable many activities that wouldn’t be possible otherwise. Sitra and Tekes are the most important sources of funding. http://www.tekes.fi/en/community/Home/351/Home/473, http://www.sitra.fi/en/

• The government offers financial aid for changing to heating. The actual benefit of investing in small-scale wind generators and solar cells is still nonexistent due to lack of tariffs and other incentives.

• The cooperation between the city and the ministry of employment and the economy has been active since 1990’s. The previous sentence doesn’t really make sense. I suppose it is just a word missing somewhere.

City competences Please describe which competences and resources fall under local governments in your country (compared to regional, national and resources governments) in relation to climate and energy policies. (max. 200 words)

Local authorities are responsible for land use planning and building supervision in Finland through which they have a great possibility to influence climate and energy issues. In addition, they organise public transport in their own area.

Local authorities are also important builders, as they build facilities for service provision. In their own construction, local authorities can affect energy consumption of the building sector directly as well as indirectly through setting an example for other builders.

In many areas, local authorities are responsible for the distribution of electricity and district heating and the very biggest local authorities even have their own energy production companies. Consumers can often choose between two or more competing electricity suppliers. The Tampere Power Utility is owned by the city of Tampere.

Local authorities grant environmental permits, monitor the state of the environment and control functions affecting the state of the environment. (Source:http://www.localfinland.fi/en/authorities/living- environment/Pages/default.aspx)

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PART BK KEY FACTORS PART II SELF-ASSESSMENT on BENCHMARK KEY FACTORS

For each key factor, please describe how the city is performing. Feel free to include any relevant reference to documents or web links. One the last column, please include the name and position of the person to be interviewed (internal or external from the municipality).

No KEY FACTOR DESCRIPTION OF PERFORMANCE RESPONSIBLE OFFICERS & INVOLVED STAKEHOLDERS A Local leadership and ambitions A.1 The city has a political commitment related to What are the specific targets? (In numbers.) You should Environmental director energy efficient buildings and districts and this is mention the Covenant of Mayors here. Maybe also the Kaisu Anttonen translated into realistic and achievable targets. Sustainable Energy Action Plan can tell something on targets Director of ECO2- etc. Are there any political decisions to refer to? programme Pauli Välimäki Director of Economic and Tampere SEAP was approved by the city board in 2009. Urban development Kari Through SEAP and the Covenant of Mayors, Tampere has set Kankaala a target for reducing greenhouse gas emissions at least 20 % Deputy mayor Timo by year 2020. Hanhilahti

In the Regional Climate Strategy (ratified by the city council 2010) the target is 30 % absolute GHG reduction and 40 % GHG reduction per capita by 2030. (Climate strategy in Finnish: http://www.tampereenseutu.fi/@Bin/1933615/Ilmastostrat egia_24.3.2010_SH_hyv%C3%A4ksym%C3%A4.pdf)

Energy and Climate issues are an important issue in the city

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strategy (in English): http://www.tampere.fi/material/attachments/t/5m6qNiRL y/kaupunkistrategia_tiivistelmaENG_final.pdf) The strategic targets in this field are the following: • The city structure is coherent and compact and the city centre is buzzing with life • Public transport is the smoothest functioning alternative • Living environments are versatile and of a high standard • Energy use is efficient and the share of renewable energy sources has grown

A.2 The city is fully using its legislative capacities at City requires energy class A* (please explain that!) on all Same people as above + local level to set ambitious policies for energy new construction starting from 2012. Is there a document project specialist Elina efficient buildings (and districts) exceeding saying that? The requirement was ratified by the planning Seppänen, project standards at European, national and regional level. division of the city board as a part of land policy guidelines specialist Antti Nikkanen in November 2011. and Development Director City is currently creating energy efficiency road map 2012- Mika Pekkinen (the local 2020 for new construction. Passive and NZE builders get power utility) subsidy of 50% rent cut when building on city’s land. The system is at the moment piloted in Vuores area. City will include energy efficiency measures whenever possible in refurbishment of city owned building stock. The city is currently creating “energy planning models” What is that? for urban planning together with power utility company. Energy planning models refer to a system where the energy

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system of a new area is planned during the urban planning process. This hasn’t been done consistently before and we are developing new working methods for this so that energy systems can be taken into account earlier in the process. You can ask more about this in the interviews. * Energy class A is based on the EU-wide system of energy performance certificates. The exact number of kWh/m2 that is allowed depends on the type of the building. Each builiding type is classified on a scale of A-G, where D is "normal level" and A is the most energy efficient.

A.3 Upcoming investments in (public and private) City requires at least energy class A from all new Project engineer Antti buildings planned for the near future are consistent construction, both public and private. A subsidy for passive Lakka (the Vuores school) with the city’s long-term goals and visions. houses is being tested (see previous answers). New project specialist Jari New political agendas do not affect this renewable energy systems (solar, geothermal, hybrid) are Jokinen (solar energy commitment. to be tested in upcoming developments. pilots) The new school which will be built by the city in Vuores, will be a model of energy efficient construction. Is there a political consensus on this?  Tough question. I think that it will most likely happen, but political consensus doesn’t exist. A.4 The city has developed or supported innovative The Luhtaa day care centre is the first passive energy day Kiinteistönpitopäällikkö (pilot) projects in the field of energy efficient care centre in Finland. It started operation in January 2012. Pertti Koivisto (Luhtaa day buildings and districts in which the city has set an The housing fair in Vuores in summer 2012 will have around care centre), Project example as a role model for citizens and also for 10 passive and zero-energy houses. The role of the city in engineer Antti Lakka private investors. promoting energy-efficient construction in Vuores has been (Vuores school), Project essential. Construction of passive and zero energy houses is Director Pertti Tamminen subsidised by 50 % reduction in the plot rent. The theme of (Vuores area & the housing

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the Housing Fair event is eco-efficiency. In whole Vuores fair) area, cooperation with actors that have ambitions on energy efficiency is preferred. The new school in Vuores will also be an example of energy- efficient building and renewable energy.

No KEY FACTOR DESCRIPTION OF PERFORMANCE RESPONSIBLE OFFICERS & INVOLVED STAKEHOLDERS B Local strategies and policies B.1 The city has a comprehensive long-term strategy The city has completed its SEAP in 2010. City’s Sustainable Environmental Direcotr for energy and climate policy (e.g. SEAP) with Community unit is coordinating the implementation of SEAP in Kaisu Anttonen established targets and actions addressing energy the long-term. efficient buildings and districts. The city has also ratified the Regional Climate Strategy, which sets targets and actions until 2030. B.2 The urban development plan/city master plan Current master plan does not include energy and climate issues. Planning Director Taru takes into account the need to promote energy Work for new master plan will start soon and energy & climate Hurme efficient buildings &districts as well as efficient issues are one focus area. Master plan architect Ritva energy supply systems for the building sector. Kangasniemi B.3 Policies and plannings related to (private and City has initiated strategic development projects to coordinate Project Director Pertti public) buildings and/or districts are development in strategic areas. Strategic projects cooperate Tamminen (Vuores project) systematically integrated with activities in other with other departments as well as private sector stakeholder. Director Tero Tenhunen departments (e.g. with planning department, Strategic projects are projects that are defined as being (Tampere city centre

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energy department, business development etc.). especially important for the development of the city. These project) projects report directly to the city council. Energy efficiency is Director of ECO2 project the focus of ECO2-project (which is also a strategic project of Pauli Välimäki the city.) Also in Vuores project energy efficiency is in a central role. Does this include energy efficiency? Are they accepted both politically and in the administration? The ECO2, eco-efficient Tampere 2020 –project, which coordinates projects that facilitate the implementation of the climate commitments, also facilitates cooperation between city departments and various stakeholders in energy and climate issues. B.4 The city co-operates at national and/or regional City has initiated several projects to cooperate with other Director of ECO2 Pauli level in specific policies and projects related to municipalities in energy and climate issues: Välimäki (e.g. mayor’s the promotion of energy efficient buildings and Keko (Developing a tool for eco-efficiency assessment in urban climate network) districts. planning, Project specialist Antti https://wiki.aalto.fi/display/KEKO/Kaupunkien+ja+kuntien+alu Nikkanen (Keko-project) etasoiset+ekolaskurit+-+KEKO) Project specialist Jari Mayors’ climate network. Tampere has been active in the work Jokinen (Resca) of the climate network of the six biggest municipalities of Kiinteistönpitopäällikkö Finland. The mayor of Tampere is currently the chair of the Pertti Koivisto (Tampere network.(http://www.sitra.fi/node/77710) Real Estate Services) Resca: Tampere is cooperating also with the 6 biggest cities in Finland in the Resca-project, which focuses on advancing renewable energy pilots in Finland. TAPRE project (Energy efficient service buildings in Tampere region) is led by the Real Estate Services of the City of Tampere and it focuses on facilitating energy efficient renovations in service buildings.

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No KEY FACTOR DESCRIPTION OF PERFORMANCE RESPONSIBLE OFFICERS & INVOLVED STAKEHOLDERS C Organisational and managerial issues C.1 Within city administration, an organisational The Sustainable Community Unit coordinates the environmental Environmental Director structure for managing climate and energy issues policy of the city. In addition the city has initiated the ECO2 – Kaisu Anttonen (Head of is established. eco-efficient Tampere 2020 –project, which coordinates the sustainable community projects that facilitate the implementation of the climate unit, Chair of the steering commitments of Tampere. ECO2 is a strategic project of the group of ECO2), Pauli city of Tampere. Välimäki (the Director of ECO2 project) Where in the organisation is the SCU and ECO2 placed? Both ECO2 and Sustainable Community Unit are situated in the central administration, in Economic and Urban Development. You can see the organisational chart here: http://www.tampere.fi/material/attachments/c/unnamed_481 7/cityoftampereorganisation.pdf C.2 The city administrative procedures facilitate the ECO2-project facilitates activities and projects in the field of Pauli Välimäki (The development of projects and activities to energy and eco efficiency. In addition, various city departments Director of ECO2 project) promote energy efficient buildings and districts have started their own projects. (new and exisiting). The strategic urban development projects like Vuores and City Centre projects are a good tool in facilitating R&D activities in these areas. C.3 Potentials for emissions reductions and energy The greenhouse gas emissions of Tampere are calculated Sustainable Development savings in the building sector (private and public) annually with Kasvener-tool (a tool developed by the Coordinator Sanna Huikuri are analysed and provide the data basis for the Association of Finnish municipalities). In addition, ECO2-project Director of ECO2

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local strategy and for implementing the right has commissioned two studies: the calculation of the carbon programme Pauli Välimäki combination of measures/technologies. footprint of Tampere (http://www.eco2.fi/default/fi/hankkeet/hiilijalanjalki.html)a nd the analysis of emissions and potential emission reductions in the built environment in Tampere (http://www.eco2.fi/default/fi/hankkeet/asuinrakennusten- energiankulutus-ja-paeaestoet--selvity.html) (Both in Finnish) The data collected, is it also used in future decision-making and planning? The data collected is used in future decision-making but in an indirect way. We know that we still haven’t been able to cut our emissions enough; therefore we need stronger measures in cutting down emissions. C.4 Data about progress made in the implementation Emissions are calculated annually with Kasvener-tool (see Sustainable Development of energy policies and projects is regularly previous answer) and the result is reported to the council. Coordinator Sanna Huikuri (yearly) monitored by the city council. The progress of ECO2-project (see more about the project in CEO Suvi Holm (Ecofellows previous answers) is monitored yearly by the city council. Ltd) The sustainable development report is done every year and reported to the city council. The overall report on climate and energy measures is done every year and reported to the city board.

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No KEY FACTOR DESCRIPTION OF PERFORMANCE RESPONSIBLE OFFICERS & INVOLVED STAKEHOLDERS D Stakeholder and citizen involvement D.1 The city has established a robust partnership with Tampere Power utility is owned by the city. City has Development Director Mika the local energy utility and (co-operative) representatives in board and activities are regulated by the city Pekkinen (Tampere Power building companies. council. The ECO2-project has initiated cooperation with the Utility), Project specialist Tampere power utitlity in the development of new methods for Elina Seppänen (ECO2 integrating urban planning with energy systems. The city is project) cooperating with construction companies in setting eco- Toni Tuomola (Skanska efficiency targets in some districts, like Härmälänranta and Ltd, Härmälänranta Vuores. project) Do you have any public-private-partnership experience? (Since the power utility is not truly private.) We are cooperating in urban development projects with private sector construction companies such as Skanska and YIT. D.2 There are established professional networks with City is active in research and development. Tampere university Juhani Heljo (TTY) local stakeholders and investors in the field of of technology and Technical Research Centre Finland VTT. Veijo Nykänen (VTT) energy efficient buildings and districts. (http://www.vtt.fi/index.jsp?lang=en) are main professional project specialist Elli partner in Tampere region. Kotakorpi (about the ECO2 The ECO2 project arranges forums that gather professionals in forums) the field of eco-efficient construction, energy and transport. Director of ECO2 project There is also a special network for the major construction Pauli Välimäki companies in Tampere hosted by the Mayor. In this network eco-efficiency issues are frequently discussed. D.3 The city has developed a consistent policy The ”policy package” consists of the networks and services package differentiated regarding target groups. listed in the other answers in section D.

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D.4 Citizen and companies (“end-users”) are The centre for energy advice in buildings called “Rane” lupakäsittelijä Sari systematically involved in the implementation of provides guidance and help for private builders in Tampere Niittymäki the overall strategy in the field of energy region. Where are they in the organisation? RANE is operated in Project Manager Leena efficient buildings and districts. cooperation by three actors: Housing Department of the City, Karppi (llmankos) Ecofellows ltd and Building Inspection Department. CEO Suvi Holm (Ecofellows)

Ilmankos-project and Ecofellows Ltd educate people and encourages ecological life style in Tampere.

The city cooperates with construction companies in some pilot projects on energy efficient construction (KEKO, Vuores housing fair, Härmälänranta area, Tapre…)

Do you have any examples on citizen involvement? For example, in the Voures project, did you ask for opinions? There has been citizen involvement in the planning of Vuores. You can ask more from Pertti Tamminen, the director of Vuores project. We have arranged an interview with him.

Tammela project is an example of participatory planning where community and citizens are involved in planning from the beginning of the process.You can ask more in the interview with Antti Nikkanen.

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No KEY FACTOR DESCRIPTION OF PERFORMANCE RESPONSIBLE OFFICERS & INVOLVED STAKEHOLDERS E Information, knowledge and awareness E.1 Relevant municipal staff is knowledgeable and Some are but some or not. Training is taking place slowely. adequately trained to promote energy efficient Any examples on education activities? Training has been buildings and districts. provided in the use of the tools for eco-efficient urban planning (Keko tool and Ecocity Evaluator). In May a training event on assessing energy issues in urban planning will be organised. E.2 The city has a consistent strategy to increase Not really. skills and the level of knowledge of planners, engineers, investors and other external market actors. E.3 The city works towards increasing awareness and Ilmankos-project and Ecofellows Ltd educate people and Project Manager Leena social acceptance of energy efficient buildings encourages ecological life style in Tampere. Karppi (llmankos) and districts among citizens and key stakeholders. CEO Suvi Holm (Ecofellows) ECO2 project organises seminars and other communication Project Specialist Elli activities for professionals in the field. Kotakorpi (ECO2) E.4 The city has a consistent strategy to ECO2-project arranges several forums and other events on Project Specialist Elli communicate the results, benefits and energy and climate topics. Kotakorpi (ECO2) opportunities of local projects on energy efficient Ilmankos and the Ecofellows are also important actors in this buildings and districts to stakeholders and the matter (see previous answer) general public. The communication unit of the city takes care of normal communication routines. Is there a strategy? Does the communication unit focus on energy issues? The Communication unit doesn’t focus on energy issues and there isn’t a separate strategy on this issue.

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E.5 There a examples of private initiatives in the Yes. For example Härmälänranta area and the Housing fair Toni Tuomola (Skanska field of energy efficient buildings and districts area (although the role of the city has been important in the LTD) which were implemented on their own. Housing fair) Project Director Pertti Tamminen

No KEY FACTOR DESCRIPTION OF PERFORMANCE RESPONSIBLE OFFICERS & INVOLVED STAKEHOLDERS F Financing, investments and risks F.1 The city administration has capacity (financial City has the sustainable community unit and ECO2 project Deputy Mayor Timo and personnel) to implement its energy and coordinating climate and energy activities. Hanhilahti, Director Kari climate ambitions. Kankaala, Environmental The Tampere Real Estate services (which take care of the Director Kaisu Anttonen, city’s own building stock) have a yearly budget of 760 000 for Director of ECO2 small scale energy efficiency measures. programme Pauli Välimäki

How about financing? Is there for example a fund, or a budget for renovations? Is there a budget for reaching the goals in the SEAP and other documents? There isn’t a separate budget. The departments are working within their own budgets. The ECO2 project is an extra resource for implementing SEAP and the Climate strategy. F.2 The city raises additional funding to promote City is acquiring funding from EU, Tekes (www.tekes.fi) and project specialist Antti energy efficient buildings and districts and/or Sitra (www.sitra.fi) to implement demonstrations in energy Nikkanen uses new ways of financing. efficienct buildings and districts. F.3 The city administration supports investments in The city has built e.g. the passive energy day care centre and Kiinteistönpitopäällikkö the field energy efficient buildings and districts. all new construction has to be at least energy class A. As Pertti Koivisto (Tampere

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mentioned in F!, the Tampere Real Estate services have a Real Estate Services), budget for small scale energy efficiency measures. Director of ECO2 programme, Pauli Välimäki Do you also support external investments? Is there any support system to make builders reach class A? Private builders are supported to reach class A through guidance (RANE, see previous answers) and the subsidy for building passive energy houses (see previous answers. F.4 Risks of investments in energy efficient buildings City is promoting how? district heating and piloting subsidies for Director of ECO2 and districts have been reduced by the city’s passive houses. Passive and NZE builders get subsidy of 50% rent programme Pauli Välimäki activities. cut when building on city’s land. The city is developing together with private and research sector a system where NZE buildings are connected to the district heating network. The housing fair has a pilot in this field, the so called Lantti house. About 90 % of all buildings in the city area are connected to the district heating grid.

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