Regional Circular and Ecological Sphere Concept for Sustainable Resource Management and Collective Resilience of Urban and Rural: Lessons from Japan
Bijon Kumer Mitra, Rajib Shaw, Junichi Fujino, Atsushi Watabe, Tomoko Takeda
4th World Congress on Disaster Management 29 January to 1 February, 2019 Mumbai Global agreements to local actions
Global agreements
National strategic and planning documents
NDC NAMA NAPA VNR
Local actions Poverty Waste Economic NRM DRR growth alleviation management
2 Challenges of local actions toward resilience society
Conventional administrative boundary approach
Capacity of Human Institutional capacity resource Local actions
Financial capacity Knowledge
Weak partnerships
3 The Fifth Basic Environment Plan of the Government of Japan highlighted the concept of Regional Circular and Ecological Sphere (Regional-CES) as key to promote the development of sustainable societies
Goal: Decentralized and self resiliant society
Basic Approach Explore simultaneous solutions for economic, regional and international challenges Maximize sustainable use of regional resources Enriching and strengthening partnerships Source: MOEJ 2018 https://www.env.go.jp/policy/kihon_keikaku/plan/plan_5/a ttach/ref_en-02.pdf
4 Case 1: Urban-rural collaboration for water source environment conservation in Kanagawa
5 Issues for water resource conservation in Kanagawa
70% of catchment covered by privately owned plantation forests. 30 Forests are not management because forestry became unprofitable 70 Water quality deterioration Government Private Less groundwater recharge Source:https://www.biodic.go.jp/biodiversity/shiraberu/policy/pes/e Increase risks of landslide disaster n/forest/forest03.html
6 Kanagawa Prefecture introduces water environment conservation tax @880JPY (appx. 8US$) Projects Mid-term outcomes Long-term outcomes Goal Conservation and Targets: Revival of Target: Improve ecosystem Restoration of Forests undergrowth, prevention and water recharge of soil loss, enriched function of the forest as a biodiversity stable source of water Goal: Stable production of good quality Targets: Improvement of Conservation and water for water quality, prevention future Restoration of Rivers of nutrients pollution, generations improvement of through groundwater levels, enrich conservation biodiversity and restoration of Target: Improvement of nature’s water quality at source water cycle function Conservation and Targets: Improvement of restoration of the water water quality, overall management of the source environment programme
Extracted from Kanagawa Prefecture 2016
7 8 Kanagawa watershed
Rural Forest CSR Water KawasakiTariffCity Sagami River Yokohama Agricultural City Tax products Sakawa River Urban Kanagawa Prefecture Profit River Dams, Catchments Area of Sagami River Watershed located in Yamanashi Prefecture Area of Sakawa River Watershed located in Shizuoka Prefecture Supporting forest owners in shipping thinned wood and reforestation
9 Impact of Water conservation programme in Kanagawa prefecture
Before After
10 11 Key governance elements of Kanagawa water conservation programme 12 Key governance elements of Kanagawa water conservation programme
Citizens consultation and involvement 25% of the committee members from Civil society Arrange demonstration filed visits for the citizens Regular monitoring and reporting to the public Every five years review the projects and make necessary revisions in the activities Contributions of private sectors in the forest managements Support conservation activities in upstream prefectures 13 Case 2: Urban-rural collaboration for groundwater management in Kumamoto 14 Groundwater level in Kumamoto
Source: Nagata 2018 15 Utilizing Paddy Fields for Groundwater Creating the Groundwater ConservationRecharge Agreement with neighboring towns
Area which has historically fostered groundwater cultivation using paddy fields
Signing the Groundwater Conservation Agreement with neighboring towns Source: Nagata 2018 16
Incentives mechanisms for paddy filed owners
Days of Flooding Payment to Farmers 11,000yen/1,000㎡ 30 Days
16,500yen/1,000㎡ 60 Days
22,000yen/1,000㎡ 90 Days 17 Key Lessons from cases in Japan
Local actions towards sustainable development and resilient society should be planned and implement beyond the administrative boundary level. Need to introduce regional circular and ecological sphere concept Need to strengthen partnership with neighbouring towns or villages Multi-stakeholder involvement in planning and implementation in critical for making the program sustainable. Entire system should be transparent to the peoples Need to introduce incentive mechanisms to encourage collaboration