PREMIO RICERCA «CITTÀ DI FIRENZE» – 53 – COLLANA PREMIO RICERCA «CITTÀ DI FIRENZE» Commissione Giudicatrice, Anno 2015

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PREMIO RICERCA «CITTÀ DI FIRENZE» – 53 – COLLANA PREMIO RICERCA «CITTÀ DI FIRENZE» Commissione Giudicatrice, Anno 2015 PREMIO RICERCA «CITTÀ DI FIRENZE» – 53 – COLLANA PREMIO RICERCA «CITTÀ DI FIRENZE» Commissione giudicatrice, anno 2015 Giampiero Nigro (coordinatore del Consiglio) Maria Teresa Bartoli Maria Boddi Roberto Casalbuoni Cristiano Ciappei Riccardo Del Punta Anna Dolfi Valeria Fargion Siro Ferrone Marcello Garzaniti Patrizia Guarnieri Alessandro Mariani Mauro Marini Andrea Novelli Marcello Verga Andrea Zorzi Marco Puleri Narrazioni ibride post-sovietiche Per una letteratura ucraina di lingua russa Firenze University Press 2016 Narrazioni ibride post-sovietiche : Per una letteratura ucraina di lingua russa / Marco Puleri. – Firenze : Firenze University Press, 2016. (Premio Città di Firenze; 53) http://digital.casalini.it/9788864533674 ISBN 978-88-6453-366-7 (print) ISBN 978-88-6453-367-4 (online) Progetto grafico: Alberto Pizarro Fernández, Pagina Maestra Immagine di copertina: Rielaborazione grafica della copertina del numero 5-6 (2011) della rivista di approfondimento culturale “ШО” (SHO) – Ucraina. Dipinto di Vasilij Šul’ženko ©, A cavallo del centauro (1994). Impaginazione: Alberto Alberti A Chiara, Marcello e Angelo Certificazione scientifica delle Opere Tutti i volumi pubblicati sono soggetti ad un processo di referaggio esterno di cui sono responsabili il Consiglio editoriale della FUP e i Consigli scientifici delle singole collane. Le opere pubblicate nel catalogo della FUP sono valutate e approvate dal Consiglio editoriale della casa editrice. Per una de- scrizione più analitica del processo di referaggio si rimanda ai documenti ufficiali pubblicati sul catalogo on-line della casa editrice (www.fupress.com). Consiglio editoriale Firenze University Press G. Nigro (Coordinatore), M.T. Bartoli, M. Boddi, R. Casalbuoni, C. Ciappei, R. Del Punta, A. Dolfi, V. Fargion, S. Ferrone, M. Garzaniti, P. Guarnieri, A. Mariani, M. Marini, A. Novelli, M.C. Torricelli, M. Verga, A. Zorzi. La presente opera è rilasciata nei termini della licenza Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) CC 2016 Firenze University Press Università degli Studi di Firenze Firenze University Press via Cittadella, 7, 50144 Firenze, Italy www.fupress.com Printed in Italy A Chiara, Marcello e Angelo Sommario Introduzione 9 Capitolo 1 Shifting Identities. Dinamiche identitarie nel contesto post-sovietico 13 1. Post-coloniale vs Post-sovietico: verso la creazione di nuovi modelli interpretativi 15 2. Descrivere l’impero: una prospettiva multietnica e transnazionale 19 3. Il ‘sistema Ucraina’: laboratorio di identità culturale 28 Capitolo 2 Letteratura, lingua e identità. Frontiere mobili 39 1. Identità ‘multiple’: tra canone ‘interno’ ed ‘esterno’ 41 1.1 Identità ‘esclusive’: frontiere linguistiche 43 1.2 Dvoedušie: la ‘duplicità’ delle frontiere letterarie 46 2. Una lotta tra culture: l’eredità sovietica 53 3. ‘Ideologie linguistiche’ d’età post-sovietica 56 4. ‘Letteraturocentrismo/i’: nuove pratiche di ‘canonizzazione culturale’ 59 Capitolo 3 Mappature testuali. Eterogeneità e polifonia nella letteratura ucraina post-sovietica 65 1. ‘Allegorie nazionali’ post-sovietiche 66 1.1 Verso una ‘nuova letteratura’ 68 1.2 Una ‘cultura di transito’ 72 2. Il carnevalesco post-sovietico: la prosa di Jurij Andruchovyč 74 3. La generazione dei bezdomni: Vorošylovhrad di Serhij Žadan 84 ommario roio 9 aiolo Shifting Identitiesiaiiiarilooooiio 13 1. Post-coloniale vs Post-sovietico: verso la creazione di nuovi modelli interpretativi 15 2. Descrivere l’impero: una prospettiva multietnica e transnazionale 19 3. Il sistema Ucraina’: laboratorio di identit culturale 28 aiolo raraligaiiroirobili 39 1. Identit multiple’: tra canone interno’ ed esterno’ 41 1.1 Identit esclusive’: frontiere linguistiche 43 1.2 Dvoeduie: la duplicit’ delle frontiere letterarie 46 2. Una lotta tra culture: l’eredit sovietica 53 3. Ideologie linguistiche’ d’et post-sovietica 56 4. Letteraturocentrismo/i’: nuove pratiche di canonizzazione culturale’ 59 aiolo aaralirogiolioiallalrara raiaooiia 65 1. Allegorie nazionali’ post-sovietiche 66 1.1 Verso una nuova letteratura’ 68 1.2 Una cultura di transito’ 72 2. Il carnevalesco post-sovietico: la prosa di urij ndruchovy 74 3. La generazione dei bezdomni: Voroylovhrad di erhij Žadan 84 Marco Puleri, Narrazioni ibride post-sovietiche Per una letteratura ucraina di lingua russa, ISBN 978-88-6453-366-7 (print) ISBN 978-88-6453-367-4 (online) CC BY 4.0, 2016 Firenze University Press Narrazioni Ibride Post-sovietiche Capitolo 4 Introduzione Ukrajins’kyj/Rosijs’komovnyj/Rosijs’kyj. La definizione di nuove finestre interpretative 95 1. Rosijs’ka literatura Ukrajiny vs. Ukrajins’ka rosijs’komovna literatura 96 2. Il dibattito contemporaneo: ‘immaginando’ lo spazio letterario ucraino 100 3. Voci dai margini: dinamiche di auto-identificazione 113 Capitolo 5 L’ibrido post-sovietico. Per una letteratura minore 125 1. Scritture ‘maggiori’ e ‘minori’ 126 2. Narrazioni ibride post-sovietiche 130 3. Le metamorfosi dell’Io poetico: tra ‘canone’ ed ‘archivio’ 134 3.1 Boris Chersonskij: l’epos dei relitti culturali 135 Nelle battute finali del discorso pronunciato presso l’Accademia Svedese di Stoccol- ma in occasione del conferimento del premio, la vincitrice del Nobel per la letteratura 3.2 Aleksandr Kabanov: il nuovo linguaggio degli oggetti 137 nel 2015 rifletteva così su una delle questioni più controverse all’interno del comples- 4. Narratori ‘incostanti’: uno ‘sguardo minore’ al transito identitario 140 so caleidoscopio identitario post-sovietico: 4.1 Andrej Kurkov: il displacement identitario nella letteratura di massa 141 Ho tre case: la mia terra bielorussa, patria d’origine di mio padre, dove ho trascorso 4.2 Aleksej Nikitin: eterotopia/e 151 tutta la mia vita; l’Ucraina, patria d’origine di mia madre, dove sono nata; e la grande cultura russa, senza la quale non potrei neanche immaginare di stare al mondo. Mi stan- 4.3 Vladimir Rafeenko: il realismo magico ucraino 160 no tutte a cuore. Ma nella nostra epoca è difficile parlare d’amore1 (Aleksievič 2015). Per una conclusione Nel tentativo di definire le diverse affiliazioni culturali, storiche e politiche del- Dialettica della transizione dal post-sovietico al post-Majdan: la scrittrice Svjatlana Aljaksandrauna (in bielorusso) / Svetlana Aleksandrovna (in tra vecchie e nuove narrazioni 171 russo) Aleksievič (n. 1948) le etichette si sprecano. (Post-)Sovietica, per bagaglio storico-culturale. Bielorussa, in accordo alla sua cittadinanza. Ucraina, per esser nata Appendice nella Stanislav d’età sovietica, l’odierna Ivano-Frankivs’k. Russa (o russofona) per lingua e strumenti artistico-letterari. Di certo, tutti concordano sul fatto che si tratti del Alla vigilia della tempesta storica. In dialogo con l’Ucraina 179 primo autore di lingua russa a vincere il premio dal 1987. 1. «Sopravvivere alla transizione post-sovietica». Intervista con Andrej Kurkov 181 In un articolo pubblicato all’indomani dell’annuncio del conferimento del pre- mio ad Aleksievič, Vitalij Portnikov (2015) offre un’interessante chiave di lettura in 2. «Come ricreare un ponte verso il cosmo». Intervista con Aleksej Nikitin 187 merito. In risposta agli ostacoli emersi nel tentativo di posizionare l’esperienza della 3. «Uno specchio in frantumi». Intervista con Vladimir Rafeenko 207 scrittrice all’interno dei confini di un singolo ‘canone nazionale’, il giornalista ucrai- no evidenzia come oggi la questione affondi le sue radici nella «nostra incapacità 4. «Verso una lingua comune». Intervista con Serhij Žadan 225 di spostare le frontiere culturali». Per Portnikov, Svetlana Aleksievič è una scrittrice bielorussa «nella stessa misura in cui Joyce e Yates sono scrittori irlandesi, Mark Bibliografia 243 Twain ed Hemingway sono americani, García Márquez è colombiano, e Vargas Llosa è peruviano» (ivi). Secondo il critico ucraino, «nel mondo contemporaneo l’appar- 1 Le citazioni da testi in russo e ucraino sono riportate in lingua originale solo quando si tratta di opere letterarie. Per i testi poetici, in particolare, si riporta la citazione in lingua originale nel corpo del testo e la traduzione in lingua italiana in nota. In tutti gli altri casi si riporta la citazione in traduzione italiana con il rinvio bibliografico alla fonte originaria. Laddove non diversamente specificato, le traduzioni sono a cura dell’autore. 8 Narrazioni Ibride Post-sovietiche aiolo nrouione inssisnsisaiiioi oirirrai 95 1. Rosis’ka literatura Ukrainy vs. Ukrains’ka rosis’komovna literatura 96 2. Il dibattito contemporaneo: immaginando’ lo spazio letterario ucraino 100 3. Voci dai margini: dinamiche di auto-identicazione 113 aiolo ibrioooiioralraraior 125 1. Scritture maggiori’ e minori’ 126 2. Narrazioni ibride post-sovietiche 130 3. Le metamorfosi dell’Io poetico: tra canone’ ed archivio’ 134 3.1 Boris Chersonskij: l’epos dei relitti culturali 135 elle battute nali del discorso pronunciato presso lccademia vedese di toccol- ma in occasione del conferimento del premio, la vincitrice del Nobel per la letteratura 3.2 Aleksandr Kabanov: il nuovo linguaggio degli oggetti 137 nel 2015 rietteva cos su una delle uestioni pi controverse allinterno del comples- 4. Narratori incostanti’: uno sguardo minore’ al transito identitario 140 so caleidoscopio identitario post-sovietico: 4.1 Andrej Kurkov: il displacement identitario nella letteratura di massa 141 Ho tre case: la mia terra bielorussa, patria d’origine di mio padre, dove ho trascorso 4.2 Aleksej Nikitin: eterotopia/e 151 tutta la mia vita l’Ucraina, patria d’origine di
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