Noddle Hill Nature Reserve Management Plan 2011 - 2016
Compiled by Tony Martin Yorkshire Wildlife Trust 2 Noddle Hill Nature Reserve Management Plan 2011-16 Table of Contents
Policy Context of the Management Plan ...... 5 Policy Statement ...... 7 Vision Statement ...... 8 1. DESCRIPTION ...... 9 1.1. GENERAL INFORMATION ...... 9 1.1.1. LOCATION ...... 9 1.1.2. SUMMARY DESCRIPTION ...... 9 1.1.3. LAND TENURE ...... 10 1.1.3.1. SHOOTING RIGHTS ...... 10 1.1.3.2. PUBLIC RIGHTS ...... 10 1.1.3.3. BYELAWS ...... 10 1.1.4. MAP COVERAGE ...... 10 1.1.5. PHOTOGRAPHIC COVERAGE ...... 12 1.1.6. MANAGEMENT INFRASTRUCTURE ...... 12 1.1.7. CONNECTIVITY ...... 12 1.1.8. ACCESS ...... 12 1.2. ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION ...... 12 1.2.1. PHYSICAL ...... 12 1.2.1.1. CLIMATE ...... 12 1.2.1.2. HYDROLOGY ...... 13 1.2.1.3. GEOLOGY ...... 13 1.2.1.4. SOILS ...... 13 1.2.2. BiOLOGICAL ...... 13 1.2.2.1. FLORA ...... 13 1.2.2.2. FAUNA ...... 15 1.2.3. CULTURAL ...... 19 1.2.3.1. ARCHAEOLOGY ...... 19 1.2.3.2. LAND USE ...... 19 1.2.3.3. PAST MANAGEMENT IN NATURE CONSERVATION .... 20 1.2.3.4. PUBLIC INTEREST ...... 20 1.2.4. ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS & IMPLICATIONS FOR MANAGEMENT ...... 21 2. EVALUATION & OBJECTIVES ...... 23 2.1. EVALUATION OF FEATURES AND SITE POTENTIAL ...... 23 2.1.1. Improved grassland ...... 23 2.1.2. Water ...... 23 2.1.3. Woodland ...... 24 2.1.4. Scrub ...... 24 2.1.5. Ditches ...... 24 2.2. SPECIFIED LIMITS ...... 24 2.3. MANAGEMENT CONSTRAINTS ...... 25 2.4. IMPACT ASSESSMENT ...... 25 3. OPERATIONAL OBJECTIVES & MANAGEMENT OPTIONS ...... 26 3.1. IDEAL OBJECTIVE 1 - Enhance nature conservation and biodiversity ...... 26 3.1.1. Survey and monitoring of species and habitats ...... 26 3.1.1.1. Species audit of ponds ...... 26 3.1.1.2. Great Crested Newt survey ...... 26
3 Noddle Hill Nature Reserve Management Plan 2011-16 3.1.1.3. Survey and monitor invasive species ...... 26 3.1.1.4. Survey grassland plant communities ...... 27 3.1.1.5. Survey and monitor breeding bird population...... 27 3.1.1.6. Monitor scrub habitat ...... 27 3.1.1.7. Monitor woodlands ...... 27 3.2. IDEAL OBJECTIVE 2 - Enhance ecological value of ponds and wetlands ...... 27 3.2.1. Control of invasive wetland species ...... 27 3.2.2. Manage/control other species ...... 28 3.2.3. Maintain areas of open water ...... 29 3.2.4. Maintain education pond ...... 29 3.3. IDEAL OBJECTIVE 3 - Enhance ecological value of improved grasslands ...... 29 3.3.1. Seasonal cutting ...... 29 3.3.2. Enhancement of grassland species ...... 30 3.3.3. Control of invasive species...... 30 3.3.3.1. Japanese Knotweed ...... 30 3.3.3.2. Giant Hogweed ...... 31 3.3.4. Control of other weeds ...... 32 3.3.4.1. Cutting of Ragwort ...... 32 3.3.4.2. Pulling / Digging ...... 32 3.3.4.3. Chemical control ...... 32 3.4. IDEAL OBJECTIVE 4 - Enhance ecological value of woodlands ..... 32 3.4.1. Selective thinning ...... 32 3.4.2. Creation of habitat piles ...... 33 3.4.3. Provide standing dead wood...... 33 3.4.4. Installation of bird and bat boxes ...... 33 3.5. IDEAL OBJECTIVE 5 - Enhance ecological value of scrub/transitional marginals ...... 33 3.5.1. Manage scrubland habitats...... 33 3.5.2. Management of large stands ...... 34 3.5.3. Management of regeneration scrub ...... 34 3.5.4. Manage isolated pockets of scrub...... 34 3.5.5. Provide breeding areas for Barn owl and Kestrel ...... 34 3.6. IDEAL OBJECTIVE 6 - Enhance ecological value of ditches ...... 35 3.6.1. Adopt rotational ditch cleaning ...... 35 3.6.2. Prevent scrub and willow invasion ...... 35 3.7. IDEAL OBJECTIVE 7 - Improve community involvement ...... 35 3.7.1. Run educational activities/events ...... 35 3.7.2. Interpretation ...... 35 3.7.3. Establish a supporter group ...... 35 3.7.4. Land management volunteer work ...... 35 3.8. IDEAL OBJECTIVE 8 - Review and Monitor ...... 36 4. WORK SCHEDULE ...... 37 4.1. WORK PROGRAMME ...... 37 4.1.1. Projects planned to occur during the life of the plan ...... 37
4 Noddle Hill Nature Reserve Management Plan 2011-16
Policy Context of the Management Plan
Planning Policy Guidance 17
Planning Policy Guidance 17 (PPG17) highlights the importance of sites such as Noddle Hill to the local community and to wildlife. PPG 17 should guide future planning decisions in Hull. More details can be found in the draft Open Spaces Assessment.
Planning Policy Statement 9
Planning Policy Statement 9 (PPS9) sets out planning policies on the protection of biodiversity and geological conservation through the planning system. Paragraph 14 states that local Authorities should maximise opportunities to further conserve the habitats and species of principle importance through the planning process. PPS9 requires that any development should have minimal impact on biodiversity, and enhance where possible UK Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) priority habitats.
Supplementary Planning Guidance Note 24: Nature Conservation and Development
The natural environment chapter of the Hull City Plan, advises developers to discuss proposals for developments likely to affect a Site of Nature Conservation Importance ( SNCI) or Green Network Area with officers of Hull City Councils Regeneration and Development Directorate.
Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006
Natural Environment and Rural Communities Act 2006 (NERC Act 2006) places a duty on all local authorities to conserve biodiversity. The act states in section 40 ‘ Every public authority must, in exercising its functions, have regard, so far as is consistent with the proper exercise of those functions, to the purpose of conserving biodiversity’.
Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (and subsequent amendments)
The Wildlife and Countryside Act is one of the most important pieces of wildlife legislation in Great Britain. Since the inception of the Wildlife and Countryside Act there have been various amendments, most significantly the Countryside and Rights of Way (CRoW) Act 2000 (in England and Wales). The Act makes it an offence (with exception to species listed in schedule 2) to intentionally kill, injure, or take any wild bird or their eggs or nests. It also is an offence to intentionally kill, injure or take, possess, or trade in certain wild animals (listed in schedule 5), and prohibits interference with places used for shelter or protection, or
5 Noddle Hill Nature Reserve Management Plan 2011-16 intentionally disturbing animals. The Act also relates to the spread of undesirable species including Japanese Knotweed.
National Indicator 197 (NI 197) – Improved local biodiversity – active management of local sites
NI 197 measures the performance of local authorities for biodiversity by assessing the implementation of active conservation management of local sites. Noddle Hill has been proposed as a local site by the Hull Biodiversity Partnership. Hull is one of only two councils nation-wide not to report on this indicator. The implementation of active conservation management, however, will contribute to improving biodiversity, in turn contributing to wider environmental quality in the city.
UK Biodiversity Action Plan
Various UK BAP species have been recorded on the site including Linnet Cardelius cannabina, Starling Sturnus vulgaris, Dunnock Prunella modularis, House Sparrow Passer domesticus and Song Thrush Turdus philomelos.
Hull Biodiversity Action Plan
Noddle Hill’s habitat characteristics fit in with several of the Hull BAP habitat action plans; trees, scrub, hedgerow and freshwater. The site is also home to Hull BAP species including Song Thrush, House Sparrow, Bats, Dragonflies and Butterflies.
Hull City Council Strategies
A number of Hull City Council strategies are in place and others in preparation, which support and guide the development of the parks and open spaces. These include the Hull Development Framework, Core Strategy, the Community Strategy, Strategic Flood Risk Assessment, Tree Strategy, Community Safety Strategy and Play Strategy.
Covenant and Byelaws
None
6 Noddle Hill Nature Reserve Management Plan 2011-16
Policy Statement
The corporate mission of Hull City Council is to “work hard to secure a positive and sustainable future for the city”.
Hulls vision for 2020 is ‘Hull is a city which is living, learning, working, healthy and proud. One of the most important cities in Northern Europe, we are a gateway for global trade and the heart of a prosperous Humber sub-region’.
The Sustainable Community Strategy is organised into four key themes:
Corporate Priorities
Earning Making sure that all local people thrive economically Learning Guaranteeing that no person is left behind in achieving their full potential Healthy Enabling everyone to make healthy lifestyle choices. Safe Helping local people to build strong communities and a city which is a safe place to live.
This management plan contributes to the above aims by;
Creating an attractive, accessible and well managed open space. Encouraging the maximum use of the green space for healthy recreation. Promoting understanding and enjoyment of the green space and the area’s natural and cultural heritage by providing outdoor environmental activities for schools and groups, information and interpretation and a programme of public events. Promoting active citizenship and developing a skilled work force by providing opportunities for volunteering
Local Nature Reserves can help safeguard not just rare but also common, locally valued species and habitats. They can play an important part in Local Biodiversity Action Plans and contribute to sustainable communities. Due to Hull’s predominantly urban nature, green spaces are especially important as they help adapt and mitigate the effects of climate change. They provide many environmental benefits including cooling the air, reducing surface water run off and flood risk, the absorption of atmospheric pollutants and providing space for biodiversity to adapt to climate change.
7 Noddle Hill Nature Reserve Management Plan 2011-16 Vision Statement
Site: Noddle Hill Reserve
The Noddle Hill Reserve management plan has been compiled by Yorkshire Wildlife Trust (YWT) in partnership with Hull City Council to ensure a consistent approach is adhered to for the site. The management plan will assist all partners in the implementation of habitat management and creation and ensuring the site reaches its potential for nature conservation and community inclusion.
This management plan was produced by Tony Martin, Community and Wildlife Manger for the Yorkshire Wildlife Trust.
Yorkshire Wildlife Trust 1 St Georges Place York YO24 1GN
8 Noddle Hill Nature Reserve Management Plan 2011-16
1. DESCRIPTION
1.1. GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1.1. LOCATION
Site: Noddle Hill Reserve Grid reference: TA111 348
Kingston upon Hull City Council Lat: 53:48:01N (53.8010) North Carr Area Bransholme East Ward Lon: 0:18:08W (-0.3134)
Site status: Natural / semi-natural green space Site ID - 1012 Total Site area: 46.7 ha Open water: 3.8ha
Noddle Hill nature reserve is situated within the city boundary of Kingston upon Hull and within the Bransholme East ward. The reserve can be accessed from Noddle Hill way at the Noddle Hill park entrance opposite Digby Garth or via Bransholme road at the fishing lake car park entrance. The site is north of Noddle Hill Way and is bordered by Holderness Drain along its north eastern boundary. The south eastern boundary is along Bransholme Road from Noddle Hill Way to Holderness Drain. The south west and north west edges of the site are represented by two large drainage ditches.
Rights of Access: Open access
Site status: Amenity area
1.1.2. SUMMARY DESCRIPTION
Noddle Hill reserve consists of a variety of different habitats the predominant habitat is improved grassland. Within this grassland there are a number of wetland areas, these vary from wetland fringes, seasonal ponds, ditches to a man made fishing lake. The lake was constructed in stages between 1994 – 1998. It was dug out of clay and puddling of the base occurred during construction. Fishing pegs were then installed with a crushed chalk path to provide good access from the Bransholme Road entrance. The path surrounds the lake and work is being undertaken to advance the path further around the site.
Dredgings from the Sutton Cross Drain were deposited in the lake in autumn 1998 to provide plants, propagules and invertebrates. Marginal planting with native wetland species, which had been grown from seed, took place in 1999 followed by the introduction of submerged and floating leaved plants.
9 Noddle Hill Nature Reserve Management Plan 2011-16 The surrounding embankments were constructed from spoil removed from excavating the lake. These embankments were planted with mixed woodland species during 1998-99. The embankments were then seeded with a grass and wildflower mix in 1999.
The remainder of the site has not had any land management for a number of years which has created a large area of rough improved grassland, bramble thicket and scrub. Within these habitats a number of wetland areas have established creating a diverse and rich area for flora and fauna.
1.1.3. LAND TENURE
The 46.7 ha site is owned by Hull City Council and sits within the Bransholme East ward.
1.1.3.1. SHOOTING RIGHTS
There are no shooting rights designated to this site.
1.1.3.2. PUBLIC RIGHTS
There are no registered public rights of way on the site.
1.1.3.3. BYELAWS
There are no bylaws applied to Noddle Hill Reserve.
1.1.4. MAP COVERAGE
Scale Reference Coverage 1:50 000 Ordnance Survey Landranger Kingston upon Hull no 107 1:25 000 Ordnance Survey Explorer Kingston upon Hull and series 293 Beverley
10 Noddle Hill Nature Reserve Management Plan 2011-16
Location of Noddle Hill Nature Reserve
11 Noddle Hill Nature Reserve Management Plan 2011-16
1.1.5. PHOTOGRAPHIC COVERAGE
Hull City Council hold photographs of the site, North Carr Conservation Group and Yorkshire Wildlife Trust also hold some photographic evidence of habitats, species and activities.
1.1.6. MANAGEMENT INFRASTRUCTURE
Hull City Council urban park rangers manage the open space with assistance from the area team. The site also consists of a strong community and volunteer support, a recently established conservation group ( North Carr Conservation Group) are regularly supported by local councillors, residents, YWT and anglers. All governing bodies and volunteers are very active on site.
1.1.7. CONNECTIVITY
Noddle Hill reserve forms a key part of the Hull Green Network. This green network runs south along the Holderness Drain corridor connecting Noddle Hill reserve with Longhill Loglands and the Trans- Pennine Way to the south. The green network also runs west from Noddle Hill reserve connecting Foredyke Green, Midmeredales, Bude Fields and the River Hull corridor.
1.1.8. ACCESS
Access onto site is currently restricted to two main entrance points at present. Car parking facilities and access is available from the Noddle Hill park entrance and the Bransholme Road entrance with smaller parking available. There is a large network of trails have been established on site to provide a variety of routes across the reserve
1.2. ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION
1.2.1. PHYSICAL
1.2.1.1. CLIMATE
Hull has a temperate maritime climate which is dominated by the passage of mid-latitude depressions. The weather is very changeable from day to day and the warming influence of the Gulf Stream makes the region mild for its latitude. Locally, the area is sunnier than most areas this far north in the British Isles, and also considerably drier, due to the rain shadowing effect of the Pennines.
Regional climate data. .
12 Noddle Hill Nature Reserve Management Plan 2011-16 Data from 1999 Data from 2009 Coldest month Jan/Feb 2.3 °C Jan/Feb 3.6 °C mean temp Warmest month August 14.6 °C August 19.4 °C Mean total rainfall 73.9cms 60.78cms Growing season Mean temp 10.5 °C Mean temp 9.4 °C Frost free Beginning June to Beginning June to mid mid August September
1.2.1.2. HYDROLOGY
Noddle Hill reserve is bordered on three sides by drainage ditches and consists of many wetland areas within its boundary. The largest of the drainage ditches, the Holderness Drain, was excavated in the 1760s to provide farmland in the Holderness area. Other drains exist on the north- west and south -west borders. A large fishing lake excavated in 1994 provides the largest volume of water on site. To the north east of the lake are a number of seasonal ponds and two large ponds that remain wet all year round.
1.2.1.3. GEOLOGY
The city is built upon alluvial and glacial deposits which overlie chalk rocks but the underlying chalk has no influence on the topography. The land within the area is generally very flat and is only 2 to 4 metres (6.5 to 13 ft) above sea level.
1.2.1.4. SOILS
The soil type on Noddle Hill reserve is naturally wet, loamy and clayey floodplain soil.
1.2.2. BiOLOGICAL
1.2.2.1. FLORA
Aquatic plants recorded
Sneezewort Achillea ptarmica Water Plantain Alisma plantago-aquatica Flowering rush Butomus umbellatus Starwort Callitriche Marsh Marigold Caltha palustris Sedge Carex sp. Stonewort Chara Canadian Pondweed Eloda Canadensis Nuttals Pondweed Elodea nuttallii Meadowsweet Filipendula ulmaria Floating Sweet-grass Glyceria fluitans Reed Sweet-grass Glyceria maxima
13 Noddle Hill Nature Reserve Management Plan 2011-16 Opposite leaved pondweed Groenlandia densa Yellow iris Iris pseudacorus Jointed rush Juncu articulates Soft rush Juncus effuses Hard rush Juncus inflexus Common duckweed Lemna minor Gypsywort Lycopus europaeus Purple Loosestrife Lythrum salicaria Spiked water-milfoil Myriophyllum spicatum Bistort Persicaria amphibia Canary reed-grass Phalaris arundinacea Common reed Phragmites australis Curled pondweed Potamogeton crispus Broad leaved pondweed Potamogeton natans Lesser pondweed Potamogeton pusillus Common water crowfoot Ranunculus aquatilis Pond water crowfoot Ranunculus peltatus Celery leaved buttercup Ranunculus sceleratus Unbranched Bur-reed Sparganium emersum Branched Bur-reed Sparganium erectum Bulrush Typha latifolia
Terrestrial species
Alder Alnus glutinosa Ash Fraximus excelsior Birds foot trefoil Lotus corniculatus Black Medic Medicago lupulina Black Mustard Brassica nigra Bramble Rubus fruticosus Bristly Ox-tongue Picris echioides Broad-leaved Dock Rumex obtusifolius Bulrush Typha latifolia Colts-foot Tussilago farfara Common field Speedwell Veronica persica Common Nettle Urtica dioeca Common Reed Phragmites australis Common Sorrel Rumex acetosa Common Toadflax Linaria vulgaris Creeping Cinquefoil Potentilla reptans Creeping Thistle Cirsium arvense Dandelion Taraxacum sp. Few leaved Hawkweed Hieracium murorum Field Bindweed Convolvulus arvensis Great Willow herb Epilobium hirsutum Greater Plantain Plantago major Hawthorn Crataegus monogyna Hedge bindweed Calystegia sepium Hedge Mustard Sysimbrum officinale Hogweed Heraclium sphondylium
14 Noddle Hill Nature Reserve Management Plan 2011-16 Horse radish Armoracia rusticana Horsetail Equisetum Japanese Knotweed Fallopia Japonica Knotgrass Polygonum aviculare Meadow vetchling Lathyrus pratrensis Milk Thistle Silybum marianum Mugwort Artemesia vulgaris Oak Quercus sp. Ox-eye Daisy Leucanthemum vulgare Pale Persicaria Persicaria lapathifolium Perennial Sow-thistle Sonchus arvensis Perforate St Johns Wort Hypericum perforatum Scots Pine Pinus sylvestris Pineapple Mayweed Chamomilla suaveolens Ragwort Senecio jacobaea Red Clover Trifolium pratrense Red Hemp-nettle Galeopsis angustifolia Redshank Persicaria maculosa Ribbed Melilot Melilotus officinalis Rose bay Willowherb Chamenerion angustifolium Scentless Mayweed Matricaria perforata Spear Thistle Cirsium vulgare Strapwort Corrigiola litoralis Tufted Vetch Viccia cracca Wayfaring tree Viburnum lantana Weld Reseda luteola White Clover Trifolium repens Wild Carrot Daucus carota Wild Teasel Dipsacus fullonum Winter-cress Barberia vulgaris
1.2.2.2. FAUNA
Blackbird Turdus merula Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla Brambling Fringilla montifringilla Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula Bunting,Reed Emberiza schoeniclus Buzzard, Common Buteo buteo Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita Coot Fulica atra Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo Crow, Carrion Corvus corone Cuckoo Cuculus canorus Curlew Numenius arquata Dove, Collared Streptopelia decaocto Dove, Stock Columba oenas Dove, Turtle Streptopelia turtur
15 Noddle Hill Nature Reserve Management Plan 2011-16 Duck, Tufted Aythya fuligula Dunnock Prunella modularis Falcon Peregrine Falco peregrines Fieldfare Turdus pilaris Flycatcher, Pied Ficedula hypoleuca Flycatcher, Spotted Muscicapa striata Gadwall Anas strepera Goldcrest Regulus regulus Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis Goose, Canada Branta Canadensis Goose, Greylag Anser anser Grebe, Great Crested Podiceps cristatus Grebe, Little Tachybaptus ruficollis Greenfinch Carduelis chloris Gull, Black-headed Chroicocephalus ridibundus Gull, Common Larus canus Gull, Great Black-backed Larus marinus Gull, Herring Larus argentatus Gull, Lesser Black-backed Larus fuscus Heron, Grey Ardea cinerea Hobby Falco subbuteo Jackdaw Corvus monedula Jay Garrulus glandarius Kestrel, Common Falco tinnunculus Kingfisher, Common Alcedo atthis Lapwing Vanellus vanellus Lark, Sky Alauda arvensis Linnet Carduelis cannabina Magpie Pica pica Mallard Anas platyrhynchos Martin, House Delichon urbicum Martin, Sand Riparia riparia Merlin Falco columbarius Moorhen Gallinula chloropus Owl, Barn Tyto alba Owl, Tawny Strix aluco Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus Partridge, Grey Perdix perdix Partridge, Red-legged Alectoris rufa Pheasant Phasianus colchicus Pigeon, Wood Columba palumbus Pipit, Meadow Anthus pratensis Plover, Golden Pluvialis apricaria Plover, Little Ringed Charadrius dubius Rail, Water Rallus aquaticus Redpoll, Common Carduelis flammea Redshank Tringa totanus Redstart, Phoenicurus phoenicurus Redwing Turdus iliacus Robin Erithacus rubecula
16 Noddle Hill Nature Reserve Management Plan 2011-16 Rook Corvus frugilegus Sandpiper, Common Actitis hypoleucos Sandpiper, Green Tringa ochropus Shelduck Tadorna tadorna Shoveler Anas clypeata Siskin Carduelis spinus Snipe, Common Gallinago gallinago Sparrow, House Passer domesticus Sparrow hawk Accipiter nisus Starling Sturnus vulgaris Stonechat Saxicola rubicola Swallow Hirundo rustica Swan, Mute Cygnus olor Swift Apus apus Teal Anas crecca Thrush, Mistle Turdus viscivorus Thrush, Song Turdus philomelos Tit, Blue Cyanistes caeruleus Tit, Coal Periparus ater Tit, Great Parus major Tit, Long-tailed Aegithalos caudatus Wagtail, Yellow Motacilla flava Warbler, Grasshopper Locustella naevia Warbler, Reed Acrocephalus scirpaceus Warbler, Sedge Acrocephalus schoenobaenus Warbler, Willow Phylloscopus trochilus Whitethroat, Common Sylvia communis Whitethroat, Lesser Sylvia curruca Woodpecker, Great Spotted Dendrocopos major Woodpecker, Green Picus viridis Wren Troglodytes troglodytes Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella
Hesperiidae – Skippers
Small Skipper Thymelicus sylvestris Large Skipper Ochlodes sylvanus
Pieridae – Whites & Yellows
Subfamily Coliadinae
Clouded Yellow Colias croceus Brimstone Gonepteryx rhamni rhamni
Subfamily Pierinae
Large White Pieris brassicae Small White Pieris [Artogeia] rapae Green-veined White Pieris [Artogeia] napi
17 Noddle Hill Nature Reserve Management Plan 2011-16 Orange Tip Anthocharis cardamines britannica
Lycaenidae – Hairstreaks, Coppers & Blues
Green Hairstreak Callophrys rubi
Subfamily Lycaena
Small Copper Lycaena phlaeas eleus
Subfamily Polyommatinae
Common Blue Polyommatus icarus icarus Holly Blue Celastrina argiolus britanna
Nymphalidae – Fritillaries, Nymphalids & Browns
Subfamily Nymphalinae
Red Admiral Vanessa atalanta Painted Lady Vanessa (Cynthia) cardui Small Tortoiseshell Aglais urticae Peacock Inachis io Comma Polygonia c-album
Subfamily Satyrinae
Speckled Wood Pararge aegeria Wall Lasiommata megera Gatekeeper Pyronia tithonus britanniae Meadow Brown Maniola jurtina Ringlet Aphantopus hyperantus Small Heath Coenonympha pamphilus Emerald Damselfly Lestes sponsa Large Red Damselfly Pyrrhosoma nymphula Red-eyed Damselfly Erythromma najas Small Red-eyed Damselfly Erythromma viridulum Blue-tailed Damselfly Ischnura elegans Azure Damselfly Coenagrion puella Common Blue Damselfly Enallagma cyathigerum Migrant Hawker Aeshna mixta Brown Hawker Aeshna grandis Emperor Dragonfly Anax imperator Four-spotted Chaser Libellula quadrimaculata Black-tailed Skimmer Orthetrum cancellatum Common Darter Sympetrum striolatum Ruddy Darter Sympetrum sanguineum
18 Noddle Hill Nature Reserve Management Plan 2011-16 1.2.3. CULTURAL
1.2.3.1. ARCHAEOLOGY
There are no scheduled ancient monuments within the site or in the vicinity.
1.2.3.2. LAND USE
Historical
There is archaeological evidence to suggest that the first settlers in the area arrived in the Neolithic era when the Holderness plain was still very wet and most likely consisted of a mixture of marshes, lakes, islands and woodland. As the sea level changed and the area became drier it was progressively cleared of trees and the higher, drier parts were initially favoured for settlement. Bransholme was one of those settlements and its history goes at least as far back as the Doomesday Book of 1086 where Bransholme is marked as a little hill surrounded by water. The name Bransholme comes from an old Scandinavian word meaning ‘Brands water meadow’ brand or brandt meant ‘wild boar’.
Hull City Council (HCC) relieved tenancy of the site in the 1970s when it was planned to use it as a golf course, the small pond adjacent to the lake (pond dipping pond) was dug in 1993 as a test pit to examine the water retaining properties of the site’s geology. HCC own the land freehold.
Current
The current land use concentrates on amenity and recreation; the most regular activities on site are dog walking, fishing and enjoyment of nature by local naturalists. There is some anti social behaviour on site but, this is small scale and part of all urban sites difficulties. Fishing is a popular activity, anglers mostly consist of local residents with a real passion for the site, these individuals help police the site acting as eyes for the site rangers. There is a full time Hull City Council ranger and a City wide education programme runs from the site, this project engages over half of the city’s primary schools.
There is no current land management on site apart from site maintenance.
19 Noddle Hill Nature Reserve Management Plan 2011-16
1.2.3.3. PAST MANAGEMENT IN NATURE CONSERVATION
A summary of nature conservation management is given below :
Grassland
There is no current grassland management on site. The trails are managed to provide access but there is no grazing programme or cutting regime established. Except on the meadow land, cut and arisings removed on a yearly basis. The two fields on the Holderness drain boundary are grazed by travellers horses which has provided some indirect grassland management , however, this needs to be managed to avoid overgrazing.
Woodland
The woodland was planted during 1998 and 1999 and has established well along the embankment, there has been no reason to implement any conservation management during this time. Thinning of some areas will be required to enhance the woodland diversity.
Ponds/lake
No pond management has taken place except for clearance work in the pond dipping pond to provide space for educational activities.
Scrub and transitional margins Scrub has established on the grassland and provides a valuable habitat on site but no management of scrub has taken place. Future management will be required to restrict encroachment.
Ditches
Ditches are managed by the Environment Agency to ensure good drainage.
1.2.3.4. PUBLIC INTEREST
Noddle Hill reserve is visited by local residents, school groups and naturalists.
The site is well known among local naturalists, particularly for butterflies, dragonflies, grass snakes and birds.
The site has been used in a number of scientific studies and surveys; Bishop Burton college surveyed the site for its breeding bird population; Yorkshire Wildlife Trust have surveyed the site for Great Crested Newt, Otter and Water Vole.
20 Noddle Hill Nature Reserve Management Plan 2011-16
Corporate organisations have held practical work days on site in partnership with Hull City Council and Yorkshire Wildlife Trust.
Since a partnership between Hull City Council, North Carr Conservation Group, Hull Biodiversity Partnership and Yorkshire Wildlife Trust was established there has been interest in the site and its management.
1.2.4. ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS & IMPLICATIONS FOR MANAGEMENT
Physical and Biological
The most noticeable change that the site is suffering from is an increase in Japanese Knotweed Fallopia japonica. This highly invasive species is having a detrimental effect on the grasslands and pond margins; the density of the plant dominates and eradicates all other species. Japanese Knotweed is a herbaceous perennial plant that first came from Asia to Europe in the mid-19th century as an ornamental plant. Japanese knotweed is infertile and spreads purely from the disturbance and movement of its rhizome system; a rhizome is an underground stem that roots and shoots develop from. A tiny fragment of Japanese knotweed rhizome, as small 0.4g, is enough to spread the infestation elsewhere. It is a statutory offence to cause or allow Japanese Knotweed to grow in the wild; great care must be taken over disposal, as waste regulations categorise all parts of the plant and contaminated soil as controlled waste. Management and eradication of Japanese Knotweed is fundamental for the site’s progression. Management techniques can be found in 3.3.3.
The site is predominately improved grassland and the natural progression for grassland is to develop into scrub. This progression is very visible on site but should not necessarily be viewed with too much concern as scrub is an important component of many UK BAP habitats and EU priority habitats. Consequently, it has a high priority for conservation in Britain and Ireland. It is also an important feature of the site, in addition to its high value for wildlife, it contributes to the aesthetic value of the site. Scrub can, however, in some situations cause problems if not managed correctly. The natural progression of the scrub onto grassland will obviously have an impact on the grassland species and therefore scrub should be controlled accordingly. Scrub management techniques found in 3.5
The two fields to the north of the site, adjacent to the Holderness drain boundary are grazed by travellers’ horses on an agreement with Hull City Council. This provides some management for these fields and the implications of grazing has created a short grassland area frequented by wintering Lapwing, Teal and mixed flocks. There is potential to create a wet grassland area on those fields which under correct management
21 Noddle Hill Nature Reserve Management Plan 2011-16 could provide breeding habitat for Lapwing, Skylark and Yellow wagtail. Grazing is a good management tool for grasslands, however, close management is required to ensure that it is grazed at the correct times and to ensure that overgrazing does no occur. Overgrazing can severely damage the entire grassland biome. Overgrazing is caused by having too many animals on a grassland or too many animals in one area. Overgrazing greatly diminishes the composition of plants and grasses, which in turn reduces the plant’s ability to use the sun in terms of growth and photosynthesis. The plants and grasses become weak and their roots become shorter. During drier weather, the grasses with shorter roots will struggle to survive as they cannot absorb the important minerals they need. One indication of overgrazing is that soil is visible between different grasses and plants.
22 Noddle Hill Nature Reserve Management Plan 2011-16 2. EVALUATION & OBJECTIVES
2.1. EVALUATION OF FEATURES AND SITE POTENTIAL
2.1.1. Improved grassland
Noddle Hill reserve comprises of many habitats of which improved grassland covers the majority of the site. The improved grassland areas are dominated by perennial rye-grass Lolium perenne. The biodiversity of the site’s grassland is low because the fertile conditions stimulate the growth of competitive grasses and broad leaved plants, such as broad leaved dock Rumex obtusifolius, at the expense of other plant species.
There is currently no grassland management on site other than regular strimming of footpaths to allow public access. Even though generally improved grasslands are of low biodiversity value Noddle Hill does hold areas of richness and the potential to diversify these grasslands is high. So long as the right management is implemented the diversity of the sites grassland should improve dramatically.
Grazing would be an asset to the site’s management and maintenance, however due to Noddle Hill’s location and open boundaries this is not an option at present. It should be taken into consideration at a later date as the benefits to the grassland communities and control of scrub would be highly beneficial.
2.1.2. Water
The site is blessed with a variety of wetland habitats ranging from a popular fishing lake to seasonal ponds and ditches. There are historical records of Great Crested Newt on site and these populations must be monitored and sensitive management implemented where the species is found. A small population of water vole and grass snake also thrive on site demonstrating the site’s richness and potential.
The seasonally wet ponds are extremely important for many species including Reed Bunting, Snipe and Dragonflies. This habitat is also a biodiversity action plan priority habitat.
It is fundamental that the fishing lake remains an amenity pond as consultation has found concerns that fishing will be removed so the lake can be managed for nature conservation. This site demonstrates how different agendas can work together for all involved; the fishing community assist in policing the site so any future developments must involve this group.
23 Noddle Hill Nature Reserve Management Plan 2011-16 2.1.3. Woodland
The spoil embankment that surrounds the fishing lake was planted with mixed woodland species in 1998, since then it has matured well and provides a good habitat for many species. The current status of the woodland is that it requires some urgent thinning to ensure species diversity is maintained and to increase the health of the trees.
The Woodland Trust have done some additional planting on site with some smaller whips. This should be the final area of planting as the true asset to the site is the grassland and wetland communities; tree planting could have a detrimental effect on these habitats. The existing woodland areas have good potential under the right management regime and control of Sycamore.
2.1.4. Scrub
The Hawthorn scrub habitats provide a diverse structure to the site and have been colonised by many flora and fauna species. Unmanaged scrub will eventually encroach into all areas of the site so management and control of existing areas is paramount to the site’s diversity.
2.1.5. Ditches
The ditch network around the site provides a natural corridor for species to move through and therefore management should be carefully addressed. Creating a balance between ditch clearance for drainage and flood prevention and also providing a corridor for species is difficult to manage.
With the correct management, however. Noddle Hill reserve could be integral to increasing the city’s biodiversity across a network of sites.
2.2. SPECIFIED LIMITS
Limits will have to be specified for Scrub and bramble habitats to enable current management and control.
The limit for bracken cover is easier to discern as it is already restricted to discreet patches and should be maintained at less than 1% of the site.
The limits for Japanese Knotweed and Giant Hogweed should be 0%. The eradication of these species from the site is a key objective.
24 Noddle Hill Nature Reserve Management Plan 2011-16 2.3. MANAGEMENT CONSTRAINTS
The major constraints on this site are budget and labour which is why a partnership between all interested parties would benefit the site. Establishing support groups and informing local communities about the site would increase opportunities for volunteers to undertake management and funding opportunities could be addressed to improve the site’s facilities.
2.4. IMPACT ASSESSMENT
The most important influence on future management is:
Ecological succession:- The grassland community is threatened by encroaching scrub, woodland and invasive species. If the management options are implemented then this will radically reduce this threat and therefore sustain the site’s diverse habitat structure. Survey and monitoring of all habitats will determine which areas require management.
25 Noddle Hill Nature Reserve Management Plan 2011-16 3. OPERATIONAL OBJECTIVES & MANAGEMENT OPTIONS
RATIONALE
This section considers the effect of all the factors influencing management, discussed in chapter 2.1, on each of the ideal objectives in turn.
3.1 Enhance nature conservation and biodiversity 3.2 Enhance ecological value of ponds and wetlands 3.3 Enhance ecological value of improved grasslands 3.4 Enhance ecological value of woodland 3.5 Enhance ecological value of scrub/transitional margins 3.6 Enhance ecological value of ditches 3.7 Improve community involvement 3.8 Review and monitoring
3.1. IDEAL OBJECTIVE 1 - Enhance nature conservation and biodiversity
3.1.1. Survey and monitoring of species and habitats
3.1.1.1. Species audit of ponds
Full species survey to be undertaken to evaluate the diversity of each pond. Surveys should be undertaken from May to August to ensure the ponds are at their highest potential. Ideally surveys should be undertaken by an experienced Entomologist to ensure all species are correctly identified.
3.1.1.2. Great Crested Newt survey
The site has historical records for Great Crested Newt, therefore a full site survey of all potential areas should be carried out. The Great Crested Newt and its habitat is protected by law because the species has declined significantly over recent decades, largely due to habitat loss. A survey of great crested newts should be undertaken by someone who is appropriately experienced and licensed. The results of this survey will determine if a licence is required for pond management works.
3.1.1.3. Survey and monitor invasive species
The site has problems with some non native species including Giant Hogweed and Japanese Knotweed. The site also has some native invasive species including Amphibious Bistort, Clubrush, Ragwort and Great Willow herb. These species should be monitored and mapped annually, if management is required then follow 3.2.1 (control of invasive
26 Noddle Hill Nature Reserve Management Plan 2011-16 wetland species), 3.2.2 (Manage/control other species) and 3.3.3 ( Control of invasive species.)
3.1.1.4. Survey grassland plant communities
A survey should be implemented to evaluate the site’s grassland communities. A baseline National Vegetation Classification (NVC) survey will provide information required. The NVC survey should carried out every five years to evaluate management techniques on the habitats.
3.1.1.5. Survey and monitor breeding bird population.
A full site breeding bird survey should be implemented annually to evaluate the sites population. Different techniques can be used including common bird census (CBC) or line transects. The results of these surveys will identify the success of management undertaken on site.
3.1.1.6. Monitor scrub habitat
Monitor scrub to restrict encroachment onto grassland habitats. Map existing scrub and evaluate each year to assess management requirements. Scrub management techniques are listed in 3.5
3.1.1.7. Monitor woodlands
Monitor the woodland areas to assess management requirements. Some management techniques will be required to thin the existing trees, allowing ground flora to establish. Monitor willow trees around ponds to limit encroachment and promote diversification. Techniques are listed in 3.4.
3.2. IDEAL OBJECTIVE 2 - Enhance ecological value of ponds and wetlands
The best time for pond management is late September and October; tadpoles have gained legs and left the pond and adult amphibians have not yet gone into hibernation at this time. Ponds should not be disturbed in mid-winter as this might expose hibernating amphibians to severe cold.
3.2.1. Control of invasive wetland species
Two invasive pond species have been recorded and require monitoring and management. Canadian pondweed dominates the native macrophyte communities and this can lead to their local extinction. Impacts have also been recorded on invertebrate communities. Amphibious bistort can spread quickly and threaten to cover a small pond. Annual survey to monitor these species and relevant management required. It is very important that weeds removed from ponds or
27 Noddle Hill Nature Reserve Management Plan 2011-16 lakes are composted, buried or burnt. On no account should they be transferred to rivers, other ponds or lakes. When clearing out ponds, leave any plants and debris along the edge for a few days before removing, this allows any trapped wildlife to return to the water.
Physical Control
Covering the plants to block light may result in eradication. In reservoirs and lake systems the water level may be lowered in winter with the aim of controlling the population. The success is related to the degree of desiccation, air temperature (at best freezing conditions after drainage), and the presence of snow. As the plant spreads through fragmentation, mechanical controls should only be undertaken during mass developments and when the risk of spread to other water systems is minimal
Chemical Control
Trials have been undertaken by using various chemical formulations, such as complex copper, dipotassium salt and fluridone. More information on control measures is available from the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology.
3.2.2. Manage/control other species
Other species recorded on site that require monitoring and control to avoid dominating ponds are Common Reed, Bulrush, Yellow Iris and Club rush. These species are fundamental to an ecologically rich wetland but require some management as they will eventually out compete and eradicate other important species.
Reed management
Reed bed management is primarily concerned with two issues: the water regime and the vegetation. Reed cutting should be undertaken to provide ideal conditions for wildlife through the creation of a more diverse structure, including open, wet habitat, pools, glades and reed edges. Winter reed cutting will maintain its dominance whilst summer cutting reduces its competitive capability, this allows a more diverse mix of vegetation. No management will allow the natural succession of reed swamp to scrub and woodland.
Bulrush control
The bulrush is a highly invasive species and if left unchecked it will quickly choke ponds. The vast majority treat bulrush problems by simply cutting them as close to the water level as possible, however, this is only a very short term solution as the bulrush will grow back thicker and stronger every year. The most successful and proven long term (non
28 Noddle Hill Nature Reserve Management Plan 2011-16 chemical) treatment is to cut the bulrush below the water line and if possible, to remove as much as the root system as possible.
Yellow Iris and club rush
Both these species are fundamental to pond ecology but can be very invasive, monitoring and control is ideal to ensure a diverse habitat structure. If these species are dominating then the most effective control is to cut the encroachment area to maintain the species during the winter months.
3.2.3. Maintain areas of open water
Ideally ponds will maintain approximately one third open water as this ensures a diverse structure of habitats. The greater the diversity, the more species will utilise the habitat. To create this diverse habitat a winter programme of management should be carried out. Work parties with local residents and volunteers can clear areas as necessary to create an open water sections.
3.2.4. Maintain education pond
Hull City Council rangers run an education programme on site which involves pond dipping. This pond should remain as the main wildlife pond to promote education. The key management objective is to control the bulrush in front of the dipping platforms to allow educational activities to run safely.
3.3. IDEAL OBJECTIVE 3 - Enhance ecological value of improved grasslands
3.3.1. Seasonal cutting
The grasslands on site are predominately improved, they are relatively species poor and dominated by rye grasses. The ideal management for these areas to enhance the ecological value and species diversity is to implement a hay cutting regime. Traditional hay meadow management involves hay cutting in late July after most of the finer-leaved grasses and wildflowers have set seed and then grazing the re-growth from September until the soil becomes too wet, usually in November or December.
Due to the site’s location and lack of stock fencing, grazing would be a difficult option. In these cases cutting should be delayed until after mid- July when most of the wild flowers have set seed. The arisings should be removed to prevent wildflower seedlings being smothered and a nutrient build-up in the soil. Some of the cuttings should then be piled in set
29 Noddle Hill Nature Reserve Management Plan 2011-16 locations on site to provide breeding habitat for the grass snake population.
The grass should be cut using a reciprocator mower or flail mower; this will ensure different height cuts and therefore mimicking a grazing regime. Due to the site’s undulating landscape it would be advisable to cut the larger flat areas and leave the embankments as refuge areas for wildlife.
3.3.2. Enhancement of grassland species
Floristic diversity can be enhanced in a number of ways including seed dispersing naturally from adjacent habitats or germinating from the soil seed bank. Due to the isolation of the site natural disperse is unlikely and these processes can take many years to achieve visible results. The direct sowing/spreading of seed from another local source will speed up colonisation and should be supported and recommended.
Wildflowers can be introduced through a variety of methods, the most effective method if through growing plug plants and transfer into prepared areas. Consider introducing yellow rattle Rhinanthus minor as this plant is semi-parasitic and will reduce the vigour of grasses and favour some of the herb species.
3.3.3. Control of invasive species.
The priority management required on site is the control and eradication of certain invasive species. The two high priority species are Japanese Knotweed and Giant Hogweed.
3.3.3.1. Japanese Knotweed
This plant is perennial and extremely invasive. It thrives on disturbance. The tiniest piece can re-grow, and can br spread by both natural means and by human activity. It spreads easily via rhizomes and cut stems or crowns, it out-competes native flora and is difficult and expensive to control or eradicate. Regular pulling will, after a number of years, eventually exhaust the rhizome and kill the plant. This is only an effective method of control if it is carried out continually over a number of years and is only effective on small or newly established stands. Cutting and mowing can be used to prevent spread, to reduce vigour and to reduce underground biomass and are useful techniques to use before applying herbicide but, not as the sole control method. With all these methods the main problem is the safe disposal of the cut or pulled stems to prevent spread.
Physical Control
Mechanical excavation of soil contaminated with Japanese Knotweed rhizome can be undertaken if time is restricted with contaminated soil
30 Noddle Hill Nature Reserve Management Plan 2011-16 being stockpiled elsewhere on site for herbicide treatment, being buried on site or being taken to a licensed Landfill site. Excavation to landfill should be considered a last resort as this is highly expensive and environmentally damaging.
Chemical Control
Can be carried out over a number of years, using herbicides such as triclopyr, picloram or glyphosate. Where the plant grows near a watercourse, the range of herbicides available for use is restricted and written permission must be obtained from the Environment Agency . Chemical application can be through surface spraying and stem injection.
3.3.3.2. Giant Hogweed
Giant Hogweed is a public health hazard as the toxins in the sap react with sunlight/UV rays causing the skin to blister and severe scarring. Giant Hogweed out competes native vegetation for space and resources shading out desirable vegetation. This results in loss of plant and invertebrate diversity.
Physical Control
Hand and or machine cutting should never be undertaken unless the operator is wearing full protective clothing to prevent skin contamination by the sap. Cutting after flowering has no benefit and even before flowering has limited effect as the plant regrows in the following season. In all cases ensure that the cut through the stem is made below ground level to ensure damage to the rootstock and to prevent regrowth from the base. The whole plant can be removed by digging. It has been suggested but not proven that large infestations may be controlled by deep cultivation ploughing). This however, is generally impractical on river banks.
Chemical Control
Glycophosphate is the only herbicide known to control Giant Hogweed that is approved for use in or near water. Plants can be sprayed with glyphosate at a rate of 61 per ha when the plants are growing actively but still less than about 1 m high (usually April and May). Long-lance sprayers may impove accuracy of application along river banks.
Glyphosate can be applied as a spot treatment to individual plants, using hand-held equipment, or as an overall spray using machine-mounted spray booms. In the latter instance, total weed control of all vegetation will occur and it may be necessary to reseed the treated area with grass and other native plants. Establishing a good sward of grasses soon after treatment of the weed will help to reduce the rate of recolonisation of the area by seeds of Giant Hogweed
31 Noddle Hill Nature Reserve Management Plan 2011-16
3.3.4. Control of other weeds
Common Ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids which are poisonous to horses, other farm animals such as sheep and cattle and also to wild animals such as hare and deer. 3.3.4.1. Cutting of Ragwort
Cutting is only acceptable in an emergency situation to prevent reseeding. In this situation ragwort may be cut mechanically but in order to prevent seed production and dispersal, plants must be cut before flowering begins. Be aware that cut plants may re-flower at a later date. Generally cutting is not a recommended method of control as: it can result in more vigorous re-growth; turns the plant from a biennial into a perennial; only presents a short-term solution and doesn't kill plants. Never leave cut plants within reach of horses.
3.3.4.2. Pulling / Digging
Hand pulling and digging are most practical when growth is over a small area or only a few plants are present across a large area. Combined with good grassland management, the pulling/digging up of ragwort can be a successful way to control the plant without having to apply herbicide. In order to avoid the risk of poisoning, ragwort should be pulled/dug up during the initial stages of growth. Ragwort is most easily removed at this time when the plant is immature (as a seedling or rosette).
3.3.4.3. Chemical control
The method of application will depend on factors such as the size of the area to be treated, the density of infestation, land gradient and ground surface etc. If circumstances dictate that a herbicide application is necessary, a selective herbicide should be used to reduce damage to non-target species. Spot-treatment (with a knapsack sprayer) is preferable to blanket spraying as this allows only the ragwort (and not other beneficial species) to be targeted.
3.4. IDEAL OBJECTIVE 4 - Enhance ecological value of woodlands
3.4.1. Selective thinning
The purpose of selective thinning is to reduce the number of trees within an area so that those remaining have more space to develop and less root and light competition. Light thinning operations will be designed so as not to break the canopy to any noticeable extent, with care being taken to prevent the possibility of wind throw through over exposure of remaining trees. In the existing woodland areas the target species to thin
32 Noddle Hill Nature Reserve Management Plan 2011-16 should be Sycamore and Willow. Sycamore is an invasive species and the application of herbicide will be required to prevent regrowth.
3.4.2. Creation of habitat piles
All materials cut down should remain on site and stacked to create habitat piles. These structures will provide important habitat for invertebrates. Decaying wood and old plants are very important for wildlife. Even just one or two bushes, if kept beyond their natural life, are of great value to insects, fungi, mosses and lichens.
3.4.3. Provide standing dead wood.
Leave dead trees and shrubs standing (as long as they are not in a dangerous place) to decompose naturally. Unwanted plants or trees can be killed by ring-barking and left to provide a source of decaying wood. Make two thick cuts, about 20 cm apart, around the trunk and deep enough to cut through the bark and into the wood. The bark between the two cuts should also be stripped from the tree.
3.4.4. Installation of bird and bat boxes
To enhance the biodiversity of the woodland areas a nest box programme should be implemented to diversify the site’s breeding bird populations. There is currently good availability of food on site but a lack of holes in old trees to provide breeding habitat for hole-nesting species. This is also the case for bat species, The site is a rich source for feeding bats but limited areas for breeding. Ideally put up two or three boxes facing different directions to provide a range of temperature conditions.
3.5. IDEAL OBJECTIVE 5 - Enhance ecological value of scrub/transitional marginals
Scrub occurs as a result of natural succession. The pioneer tree and woody shrub species such as hawthorn, gorse, willow and birch are opportunists and rapidly colonise areas of open grassland. Though potentially an extremely damaging force, if kept in check, scrub can be an invaluable addition to any habitat patchwork providing a dense coverage from aerial and land predators, areas of managed scrub may act as refuge for many nesting birds and provide an ideal habitat for many mammals and invertebrates.
3.5.1. Manage scrubland habitats.
Due to the presence of nesting birds cutting and removal of scrub is only recommended during the winter months. Systematically remove areas of
33 Noddle Hill Nature Reserve Management Plan 2011-16 Hawthorn scrub with an aim to provide a varying age structure and also to allow regeneration of the scrub. It is also good practice when carrying out partial clearance to create edges that are as natural and uneven as possible. The resulting recesses create sheltered areas that are ideal for certain invertebrate species. In some instances it may be possible to place cuttings beneath the existing scrub canopy and allow them to decay naturally, thereby providing more cover for species. Future scrub management after this 5 year plan may look to reduce the amount of scrub on the site as it develops.
3.5.2. Management of large stands
Large stands of scrub should be removed using bow saws or chainsaws, all cuttings should be placed under existing stands to provide habitat piles. Stands should also be treated with herbicide to avoid regrowth or stands can be untreated and managed as coppice. Cutting some stands to provide standing deadwood should be investigated see 3.4.3
3.5.3. Management of regeneration scrub
Weeding is the ideal management for enhancing scrub, the needs and advantages are not appreciated until shrubs have become more visible, but by then are too large to remove by this means. Implementing theses areas into the grassland management programme will also control enhancing scrub species.
3.5.4. Manage isolated pockets of scrub.
To avoid isolated areas of scrub encroaching onto other habitats it is fundamental that scrub is monitored and removed as necessary. The stumps from any removal should be treated to avoid regeneration.
3.5.5. Provide breeding areas for Barn owl and Kestrel
The scrubland communities on the site also provide the ideal areas to construct and erect Barn owl and Kestrel nest boxes. The scrub and grassland habitats will be a rich food source for both species and provide a level of protection from any anti social behaviour. Nest boxes should be installed by November to give the best chance of success the following year. Both species require good visibility from the nest and a clear flight path to it. Ideally face the box south-east, but most importantly it needs to face away from prevailing wind direction.
Nest boxes should be mounted on poles to avoid vandalism .
34 Noddle Hill Nature Reserve Management Plan 2011-16 3.6. IDEAL OBJECTIVE 6 - Enhance ecological value of ditches
3.6.1. Adopt rotational ditch cleaning
Clearing all ditches at the same time is to be avoided and a rotational ditch management plan should be adopted. Good practice in ditch management allows ditches to be stagger cleared so that only short sections are cleared in any one year, allowing cleared areas to be re- colonised from adjacent uncleared sections. Another option is to clear only one side of a ditch at a time.
3.6.2. Prevent scrub and willow invasion
Scrub and willow should be systematically managed to avoid encroachment and loss of fen communities. Where scrub removal is required follow procedures in 3.5.
3.7. IDEAL OBJECTIVE 7 - Improve community involvement
3.7.1. Run educational activities/events
An annual programme of educational activities and events should be organised to promote the site to local residents, groups, schools and universities. HCC rangers run an educational programme for primary schools and this should be investigated to fulfil its potential across the city.
3.7.2. Interpretation
Some interpretation already exists, however, further interpretation boards, leaflets, posters etc should be produced to promote the site for community inclusion.
3.7.3. Establish a supporter group
With the strong support for Noddle Hill reserve a supporter group should be established to assist with management, promotion and funding opportunities.
3.7.4. Land management volunteer work
Establish a volunteer group or run practical workdays to support the management required in this plan. Many of the proposed tasks can be implemented with hand tools and volunteers. This will keep any costs minimal and also provide more opportunities for community support and inclusion.
35 Noddle Hill Nature Reserve Management Plan 2011-16
3.8. IDEAL OBJECTIVE 8 - Review and Monitor
This is a five year management plan which should be reviewed on an annual basis to ensure all management objectives are implemented. This management plan should provide the basis for a ten year management plan in 2014.
36 Noddle Hill Nature Reserve Management Plan 2011-16
4. WORK SCHEDULE
4.1. WORK PROGRAMME
4.1.1. Projects planned to occur during the life of the plan
Noddle Hill Reserve 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14 2014/15 2015/16
Survey and monitoring
Species audit of ponds X X X
Great Crested Newt X X X Survey
Invasive Species X X X X X
Grassland Communities X X X
Breeding Birds X X X X X
Scrub Habitat X X
Woodlands X X
Enhance ecological value of ponds and wetlands
Control Invasive Species X X X X X
Manage / Control other X X Species
Maintain open water X X X X X
Maintain education pond X X X X X
Enhance ecological value of improved grassland
Seasonal Cutting X X X X X
Enhance grassland X X X species
37 Noddle Hill Nature Reserve Management Plan 2011-16 Control invasive species X X X X X
Control other weeds X X X
Enhance ecological value of woodlands
Selective thinning X X X X X
Standing deadwood X X X X X
Bird & bat boxes X X X
Enhance ecological value of scrub
Manage scrub X X X
Manage large stands X X
Manage regeneration X X X
Manage isolated pockets X X X
Provide nest boxes X X
Prevent scrub invasion X X X
Enhance ecological value of ditches
Adopt ditch rota X X X X X
Improve community involvement
Run educational activities X X X X X
38 Noddle Hill Nature Reserve Management Plan 2011-16 Interpretation X X X
Establish supporter group X
Volunteer work X X X X X
39 Noddle Hill Nature Reserve Management Plan 2011-16