Phuket mar biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no. 12 (1993)

REVISED CHECKLIST OF FISHES IN THE REFERENCE COLLECTION OF PHUKET MARINE BIOLOGICAL CENTER. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES. THAILAND

By Anuwat Nateewathana, Charatsee Aungtonya and Ratchanee Sirivejabandhu Phuket Marine Biolosical Center Phuket , Thailand.

ABSTRACT

A total of 629 species from I 19 families of fish have been deposited in the Reference Collection of the Phuket Marine Biological Center, Department of Fisheries, Thailand. The collection comprises specimens from Thai waters in addition to specimens from India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Hong Kong, Singapore and Australia. The hsh collection has been revised and an updated checklist is provided.

INTRODUCTION On the occasion of 10th anniversary of the PMBC Reference Collection (Boonprakob and Hylleberg, I 983), the present paper provides a check- A checklist of fishes, as well as other marine list of all collected hshes in the collection. It com- organisms in the Reference Collection of Phuket Ma- pnses a total of 629 qpecies from 119 families. The list rine Biological Center was published after ten years of provides an overview at the start ofthe workshop in operation of the Center (Nateewathana, et al., l98l). taxonomy and biology of fishes from the Andaman

The list included 428 species from 98 families. Fish Se4 conducted at the PMBC fr om 6- I 0 September I 993 . were the first major group to be included in the collec- Further revision and identification of new material will tion of the Center, mainly as a result of the FAO/ be printed in the subsequent paper on results from DAMDA seminar on fish taronomy in Southeast Asia the workshop. held at the Center in 1972 (Fischer and Whitehead, 1974). Because of this seminar the collection contains The nomenclature below and the classifica- several specimens from India, Malaysia, Singapore, tion mainly follow Berg (1940). Species in some fami- Indonesia, Philippines and Hong Kong. lies are assigned to genera according to current lit- erature, i.e scombrids (Collette and Nauen, 1983), After the seminar, the collection has gradu- sharks (Compagno, l984a,b), snappers (Allen, 1985), ally increased in the wake of research on fish from fusiliers (Carpenter, 1988), clupeoids (Whitehead, the Andaman Sea, for instance Wongratana 1985; Whitehead et a|.,1988), nemipterids (Russell, (1975a,b). Some new species were discovered in this 1990), pomacentrids (Allen, 1991), sillaginids area and the types deposited in the collection (McKay, 1992) andFAO species identification sheets (Nateewathana, 1990). Some material was obtained for fishery purposes (Fischer and Whitehead,l9'74', from Australia under an exchange programme with Fischer and Bianchi, 1984). Genus and species are the Australian Museum. One lot of hsh material col- listed alphabetically. Specimens collected from for- lected from Myanmar during the first joint Myanmar- eign countries will be noted by the name of the coun- Thai fishery expioratory survey by FRIV Chulabhorn try after scientific names. If specimens of a given in 1990 was donated to the Center. species have been obtained from different countries, all countries including Thailand will be noted. I0 Taxonomy and biologt of fishes from the Andaman Sea.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS review of the manuscript. Thanks to Mr Weera Poka- punt, Oceanic fisheries Division, for donating the We sincerely acknowledge Dr Jorgen specimens from Myanmar. Thanks also to Mr Ukkrit providing valu- Hylleberg, Danish Consultant of PMBC, for the sup- Satapoomin, PMBC biologist for us port to the PMBC Reference Collection and critical able references.

CHECKLIST OF FISHES IN THE PMBC REFERENCE COLLECTION

CLASS ELASMOBRANCHII ORDER CARCHARHINIFORMES Family Cartharhinidae

Carcharhinus macloti (Ivluller & Henle, 1839) Myanmar Thailand Carcharhinus melanopterus Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 Carcharhinus plumbeus (Nardo, 1827) Myanmar Loxodon macrorhinus Muller &Henle, 1839 Myanmar Myanmar Rh i zoprinodon ocutu s (Ruppell, I 837)

Family Hemigaleidae

Hemigaleus microstomaBleeker, 1852 Myanmar

emi p ri s t i s e I o n g atu s (l(Ttlrrzinger, I 87 I Myanmar I H ) .l

Family Proscylliidae * f, Proscyllium sp. Myanmar

Family Sphyrnidae

Sphyrna lewirt (Griffith & Smith, 1834) Thailand Sphyrna sp. Thailand Sphyrna zygaena Q.'innaous, 1758) Thailand

Family Ttiakidae

Iago omanensls (Norman, 193 9) Myanmar Myanmar Mu s te lus m an az o Bleeker, 18 5 4 Muste lus mosls Hemprich & Ehrenberg, I 899 Myanmar

ORDER ORECTOLOBIFORMES Family Hemiscylliidae

Chiloscyllium griseum Muller &Henle, 1838 Thailand Thailand il Ch i los cyl lium i n di cum (Gmelin, 1789) I

I* Phuket mar biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no. 12 (1993) 11

Family Stegostomatidae

S te go stoma fas ci atum (Hermann, I 783) Thailand

ORDER RAJIFORMES Family Dasyatidae

Dasyatis (Himantura) sp. Thailand Dasyatis kuhlll @luller & Henle, 1841) Thailand Gyrnnura poecilura (Shaw,1804) Thailand Taeniura lymma @orsskal, 1775) Thailand

Family Myliobatidae

Aetomylaeusnichofi @loch& Schneider, 1801) Thailand

Family Pristidae

Pristis microdonLatham,l7g4 Thailand

Family Rhinobatidae

Rhina ancylostomaBloch& Schneider, 1801 Thailand Rhinobatus granulatus Cuvier, 1829 Thailand Rhinobatus sp. MYanmar Rhynchobatus djiddensis (Forsskal, 1775) Thailand

Family Rhinopteridae

RhinopterajovanicaMuller&Henle, l84l Thailand

ORDER SQUALIFORMES Family Squalidae

Squalus fernundinusMolina,I'7&2 Thailand Squalus mitsukurii (Jordan& Snyder, 1903) Myanmar

CRDER TORPEDINIFORMES Family Torpedinidae

Narcine brunnea Annandale. 1909 Thailand l,larcine maculata (Shaw 1804) Thailand Temera hardwickii Gray, 183 I Thailand I2 Taxonomy and biologt of fishesfrom the Andaman Sea.

CLASS TELEOSTOMI ORDER CLUPEIFORMES Family Elopidae

Elops howaiersis Regan, 1909 Philippines

Family Megalopidae

Megalops cyprinoides (Broussonet, 1782) Philippines, Thailand

Family Clupeidae

Anodontostoma chacunda (flamilton-Buchanan, 1822) Indi4 Thailand Anodontostoma sp. Thailand Du ssumi e r i a acut a Yalenciennes, I 847 Thailand Hilsa toli (Valenciennes, 1847) Thailantl Sardi n e I la alb e I I a (Valenciennes, 1 847) Indonesia Sardi n e I I a f mb ri ata (Yalenciennes, I 847) India Sardinella giDbosa @leeker, 1849) Malaysi4 Thailand Sardin e I I a lon gi ce p s Yalenciennes, I 847 India Sardi ne ll a me I anur a (Cuvier, I 829) Philippines Sardinella sirm (Walbaum, 1792) Thailand

tr'amily Engraulidae

Coilia dussumieri Myanmar Ste lephorus b atavi ensi s Hardenberg, I 93 3 Thailand Stolephorus commersonii Lacepede, 1803 Philippines Stolephorus heterolobus @uppell, 1837) Philippines, Thailand Stolephorus indicus (Van Hasselt, 1823) Philippines, Thailand Stolephorus tri @leeker, 1852) Philippines Sto I e phoru s zo I I inge ri (Bleeker) Philippines T hrys s a h ami l t on i i (Gray, 183 5) Thailand Thryssa mystax (Schneider, 1801) India Thry ss a se tr iro s tri s (Broussonet, I 782) Thailand

Family Pristigasteridae

Ilisha elongala (Bennett, 1830) Thailand Ilisha indica (Swainson, 1839) Thailand I I i sh a mega lopter a (Swainson, I 83 9) Thailand I li sh a me I astona (Schneider, I 80 I ) Indi4 Myanmar,Thailand Opisthopterus tardoore (Cuvier, 1829) India, Myanmar, Thailand

I I tdu e langata (Bennqr I E30) Thaihnd : rj..ts u-rv.o ( Snarmon- l E39) Thailard ! i;dra ;qoloptera (Suainson I 839) Thailand i Lrta ns lutoina (Schrrider. l80l ) Indra Myanmar,Thailand ()ptghopte nt s totdtyve (Cn-ier, I 82Q) India Mrasnar Jhailz:ttj Phuket mar biol. Cent. Spec Publ. no. 12 (1993) IJ

Family Chirocentridae

Ch i ro c e ntru s dorab (F orsskAl, l7'/ 5) Indonesia

ORDER SALMONIFORMES Family Gataxiidae

Galaxias truttaceus (Cwiea l8l7) Australia

ORDER SCOPELIFORMES Family Synodontidae

Saurida elongata (femminck & Schlegel, 1846) Thailand Saurida gracllls (Quoy & Gaimard, 1828) Indonesia, Thailand Saurida micrcpectoralls Shindo & Yamada, 1972 Thailand S aur i da tumb i I @loch, 17 9 5) Indra, Philippines Sauri da undosqu ami s (Richardson, I 848) Hong Kong, Philippines, Thailand Synodus simillsz Mcculloch, l92l Philippines, Thailand Synodus sp. Thailand Syn o du s v ari e gatu s (Lacepede, I 802) Thailand Trachinocephalus myops @loch & Schneider, 1801) Thailand

ORDER CYPRINIFORMES Family Ariidae

Arius thalassinzs @uppell, 1837) Indra, Philippines

X'amily Plotosidae

P lotosus angui llari s (Bloch, 1794) Mvanmar.Thailand

ORDER ANGUILLIFORMES Family Anguillidae

Angu i I I a au s tr a li s Nchardson, I 84 I Thailand Angu i I I a marmor ata Quoy & Gaimard, I 824 Indonesia

Famity Muraenidae

Echidna delicatula (Kaup, 1856) Thailand Echidna ne bulosa (Ahl, I 789) Thailand

Ech i dn a po lyzon a (Richardson, I 844) Thailand Gymn o t h o r ax fav agi n eu s Bloch & Schneider, I 80 I Thailand Gymnothorax neglectus Myanmar t1 Taxonomy and biologt of fishesfrom the Andaman Sea.

Gymnothor ax t e sse I atus (Bleeker) Myanmar Gymn oth or ax un du I atu s (Lacepede, I 803) Thailand Lycodontis permistus Smith, 1962 Thailand

Family Muraenesocidae

C ongre s ox t al abon (Cuviea I 829) Thailand Congresox talabonoi des (Bleeker, 1853) Hong Kong, Singapore

Mur ae n e s ox c i ner eus (Forsskal, I 775) Thailand

Family Ophichthyidae

Leiuranus semicinctusLay & Bennet, 1839 Thailand

P i s o do n oph i s c an criv orus (Richardson, I 844) Thailand

ORDER BELONIFORMES Family Belonidae

Ab lennes hi ans (Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846) Philippines Ty l o su ru s an n u l atu s (Cuvier & Valenciennes, I 846) Thailand Tylosurus leiurzs (Bleeker, I 850) Thailand Tyl o suru s st ron gt luru s (Van Hasselt, I 823 ) Thailand

Family Hemirhamphidae

Hemirhamphus du ssumierl Bleeker, I 852 Indonesia

H e mi rh am phaspr (Forssk in, n'7 5) Thailand Hemirhamphus melanurus Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1846 Thailand Zenarchopterus sp. Thailand

Family Exocoetidae

Cyp se luru s sp i I o pte ru s (Cuvier & Valenciennes) Philippines

P ar eo co e tu s b r achypteru s (Richardson, I 846) Indonesia

ORDER SYNGNATHIFORMES Family Fistulariidae

Fi stu I ar i a pe t i mb a Lacepde, 1 803 Myanmar, Thailand

Fi stul ari a v i ll o sa K\nnnger, I 87 I Thailand

Family Centriscidae

A e o I i s cu s s t ri garrs (Gunther, I 860) Thailand C entri scu s s cutatu s Linnaeus, 17 5 3 Thailand Phuket mar biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no. 12 (1993) t5

Family Syngrathidae

Bhanotia corrugatis (Weber, 1913) Thailand Corythoichthys haematopterus @leeker, I 85 I ) Thailand I { i p p o c am pus kuda Bleeker, I 85 2 Thailand H i ppocampus trimaculatus Leech, l8 l4 Thailand

ORDER BERYCIFORMES Family Berycidae

Centrob eryx druzhinini (Busakhin) Myanmar

Family Holocentridae

H ol oc entrus rub rum Q orsskal, l'7'7 5) Thailard O sti chthys j aponicus (Cuvier, I 829) Thailand

ORDER MUGILIFORMES Family Sphyraenidae

Callosphyraena toxeuma @owler, 1 904) Thailand Sp hyr ae n a b r an c hygn at has Bleeker Australia Sp hyr a e n a fo r s t e r i Cu+ter, 1829 Philippines, Thailard Sph yrae na j e I lo Cuiet 1829 Philippines Sp hyr aen a langs ar Bleeker, I 854 Philippines Sphyraena obtusata Cuvier, 1829 Philipines, India, Tharland

Sphlr ae n e I I a c hrys o tae n i a (Klunzinger, I 884) Indra, Thailand Sphyraene I I a flav i cauda (Ruppell, I 83 5) Thailand

Family Mugilidae

Mugil seheli Forsskal, 1775 Philippines

Family Atherinidae

Atherina endrachtensis Quoy & Gaimard, 1825 Philippines Atherina temmincki Bleeker, 1853 Philippines Atherina valencienesi Bleeker. I 858 Thailand

ORDER POLYI{EMIFORMES Family Polynemidae

Eleutheronema te tradactylzz (Shaw, I 804) Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand Po lyn emus he pt adactylus Cuvier, I 829 Indonesia, Thailand Polynemus hexanemus Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829 Indonesia l6 Taxonomy and biologt of fshesfrom the Andaman Sea.

Polynemus indicus Shaw, 1804 Thailard Polynemus melanochir Cuvier & Valenciennes, 183 I Thailand

P o lynemus p le b e ius Broussonet, I 782 Thailand

ORDER PERCIFORMES Family Ambassidae

Ambassis buton Popta Philippines Ambassis commersonii Cuvier, 1828 Philippines Amb assi s gymnoce ph alus (Lacepede, I 80 I ) Philippines Ambassis miops Gunther, 1873 Philippines

Amb ass i s unt t ae n i a Bleeker, 1852 Philippines

Family Latidae

Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790) Thailand

Family Serranidae

A nype ro do n I e u c ogr amm iczs (Valenciennes, I 828) Thailand Cephalopholis boenack (Bloch, 1790) Thailand Cephalopholis miniata (Forsskil, 1775) Thailand Cephalopholis rogaa (Forsskal, 1775) Thailand Cephalopholis sonnerati (Valenciennes, 1828) India, Tharland Cromileptes altivelis (Valenciennes, 1828) Thailand Epinephe lus amb lycephalus (Bleeker, 1857) Thailand Epinephelus areolatus (Forsskal, 1775) Thailand Epinephe lus b leekeri (Vaillant, 1877) Thailand Epi ne phe lu s c aerule o punctatus (Bloch, 17 90) Philippines, Thailand Epinephelus chlorostigma (Valenciennes, 1828) Philippines Epinephelus fasclalus (Forsske\ l'17 5) Thailand Epinephelus megachir (Rrchardson, 1846) Thailand Epinephe lus merra Bloch, l7 93 Thailand Epinephelus monhua (Valenciennes, 1833) Thailand Epinephelus nebulosus (Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1828) Thailand

Epi n e ph e lu s s exfasc i atu s (Valenciennes, I 828) Philippines, Thailand Epinephelus summana (ForsskAl, 1775) Malaysia Epinephelus tauvina (Forsskil, 1775) Philippines Epinephelus undulosus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) Philippines Epinephelus urodelus (Cuvier & Valenciennes) Philippines P lectropomus maculatus (Bloch, 1790) Thailand Var i o I a /oafl (Forssk e\ n'7 5) Thailand Phuket mar biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no. 12 (1993) 1/

Family Teraponidae

P e lates quadri line atus (Bloch, 1790) Philippines, Thailand Ter apon j ar b ua (Forsskil, I 775) India, Tharland krapon puta (Cuvier, 1829) Philippines Terapon theraps (Cuvier, 1829) Malaysia

Family Plesiopidae

Tr ac h in o p s t ae ni atu s Gunther Ausfalia

Family Kuhliidae

Kuhlia taeniura (Cuviea 1829) Thailand

Family Priacanthidae

Priacanthus blochii Bleeker, 1853 Myanmar Priacanthus hamrur @orsskal, 177 5) Myanmar, Thailand

P r i ac an thu s macr ac anthu s (Cuvier, I 829) Thailand Priacanthus sp. India Priacanthus tayenus Richardson, 1846 Thailand

F'amily Apogonidae

Apogon angustata (Smith & Radcliffe, l9ll) Australia Apogon coccineus Ruppell, 1838 Australia Apogon cookii Macleay, l88l Australia Apogon cyanosoma Bleeker, 1853 Australia Apogon exostigma (Jordan & Starks, 1906) Australia Apogon kallopterus Bleeker, 1856 Australia A po gon qu adr ifu sc i a/as Cuvier Thailand Apogon variegatus Valenciennes, 1832 Thailand Apogon wilsoni Australia Archamia leai Waite, 1916 Australia C he i lo dipterus quinque line atus Ctrvier, 1828 Australia Fowleria sp. Australia

Family Branchiostegidae

Bran chi oste gus saw akinensis Amirthalingan, I 969 Myanmar

Family Sillaginidae

Sillaginopsis panijus (Hamilton-Buchanan, 1822) Thailand Sillago chondropus Bleeker, 1849 Thailand Sillago ciliata Cuvier, 1829 Australia 18 Taxonomy and biologt of fishesfrom the Andaman Sea

Sillago maculata Quoy& Gaimard, 1824 Philippines, Thailand Sillago sihama (Forsskal, 1775) Philippines, Thailand

Family Lactariidae

Lactarius lactarius (Bloch& Schneider, 1801) Indra, Thailand

Family Rachycentridae

Rachycentron canadus (Linnaeus, 1766) Thailand

Family Carangidae

Alectis ciliaris @loch, 1788) Indonesia, Thailand Alectis indicus @uppell, 1828) Myanmar, Thailand Alepes djedaba (Forsskil, 1775) Philippines, Thailand Alepes melanoptera Swainson, 1839 Thailand Altule mate (Cuvier, 1833) Indonesia, lhailand Carango i des armatu s (Forsskil, I 775) Philippines, Thailand Carangoide s g,tmnostetholdes Bleeker, I 85 I Indonesia Carangoide s ob longus (Cuvier, 1833) Indonesia Caranx ignobilis (Forsskal, 1775) Thailand C aranx kal I a Cuviel 1833 Philippines Caranx melampygus Cuvier, 1833 Thailand C ar anx s exfa sci atus Quoy & Gaimard, I 824 Myanmar, Philippines Decapterus lajang (Bleeker, 1851) Indonesia Decapterus macarellus (Cuvier, 1833) Thailand

D e c ap teru s m acrc so ma Bleeker, I 85 I Myanmar, Philippines Decapterus maruadsi (Schlegel, 1844) Thailand D e c apt eru s rzssel/l @uppell, I 830) Indonesia, Philippines Elagatis bipinnulatus (Quoy& Gaimard, 1824) Philippines, Thailand Gnathanodon spe ci osu s (Forsskil, 1775) Indonesia, Thailand

Me gal aspi s cor dy I a (Linnaeus, I 75 8) India, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand l{aucrates ductor (Linnaeus, 1758) Myanmar Sc omb ero i de s lysan (Forsskal, I 775) Philippines, Thailand

Sc omb e ro i de s t al a (Crier & Valenciennes, 1 85 l ) India, Thailand Scomb eroi de s to looparah (Ruppell, I 828) Indonesia, Thailand Phuket mar biol. Cenl Spec. Publ. no. l2 (1993) 19

Selar boops (Valenciennes, 1833) Thailand Se lar crumenophthalmus (Bloch, 1793) Indonesia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand Se lar malamBleeker, 185 I Indonesia, Thailand Se laroi de s le pto le pis (Cuvier, I 83 3 ) Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand Serio la rivo li ana (Valenciennes, I 833) Thailand Se ri o I i n a ni grofasci ata (Ruppell, I 829) India, Indonesia, Thailand Trachinotus b ai llonii (Lacepede, I 80 l) Thailand Trac h in o tu s russel/rr Cuvier, I 83 2 Thailand Lilua mandibularis (Macleay, 1883) Thailand Uraspis helvola (Forster, 1801) Thailand (Jraspis uraspis (Gunther, 1860) Myanmar

Family Ariommidae

Ariomma indica (Day, 1870) India

Family Centrolophidae

Psenopsis anomala (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850) Thailand

Family Formionidae

Parastromateus niger @loch, 1795) Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand

Family Pseudogrammidae

Pseudogramma po lyacanrfta (Bleeker, I 856) Australia

Family Menidae

Mena maculala @loch & Schneider, 1801) Philippines, Thailand

Family Coryphaenidae

Coryphaena equiselis Linnaeus, 1758 Thailand Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus, 1758 Thailand 20 Taxonomy and biolog,, of fishesfrom the Andaman Sea.

Family Lutjanidae

Aphareus rutilans Cuvier, 1830 Thailand Aprion virescens Valenciennes, 1830 Thailand Lutj anus argentimaculatzs (Forsskil, 177 5) Australia, Thailand Lutj anus biguttatus (Valenciennes, I 830) Thailand Lutjanus bohar lTorsskAl, 1775) Australia, Thailand Lutj anus biguttatus (Valenciennes, 1830) Thailand Lutj anus carponotatus (Richardson, 1842) Philippines Lutj anus decussatus (Cuvier, I 828) Thailand Lutj anus fu lviJlamma (Forsskil, 1775) Thailand Lutj anus fu lvars (Schneider, I 80 1) Australia Lutjanus gibbas (Forsskil, 1775) Philippines, Thailand Lutjanus johnii @loch, 1792) Thailand Lutjanus kasmira (Forsskil, 1775) Australia, Indonesia, Thailand

Lutj anu s I e mn i sc atus (Valenciennes, I 828) Thailand Lutjanus lunulatus @ark, 1197) Myanmar, Thailand Lutj anus lutj anus Bloch, I 790 Australia, India, Thailand Lutj anus malabaricus (Schneider, 180 l) Thailand Lutj anus monostigma (Cuvier, 1828) Thailand Lutjanus rivulqtus (Cuvier, 1828) Thailand Lutjanus russelli (Bleeker, 1849) Thailand Lutjanus sanguineus (Cwier, 1828) Australia, Thailand Lutjanus sebae (Cuvier, 1828) Thailand Lutjanus sp. Philippines Lutjanus villa (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) Thailand Macolor niger (Forsskal, 1775) Thailand Pinjalo pinjalo (Bleeker, 1850) Thailand Pristipomoides multidens (Day, 1870) Thailand P ri s ti p omoi de s lypus Blee,ker, i 852 Myanmar, Thailand

Family Caesionidae

Cae si o c aeru laure a Lacepede, I 80 I Philippines, Thailand Caesio cuning (Bloch, 1791) Myanmar, Thailand Caesio lunaris Cuvier, 1830 Thailand Caesio sp. Philippines Caesio xanthonota Bleeker, i853 Thailand Pterocaesio chrysozona (Cuvier, I 830) Thailand P tero cae si o di agramma (Bleeker, I 865) Philippines Pterocaesio /l/e (Cuvier, 1830) Thailand Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no. 12 (1993) 2l

Family Nemipteridae

Nemipterus aurorus Russell Thailand Nemipterus bipunctatus @hrenberg, I 830) Myanmar, Thailand Ne mi p t e ru s fl w o I ine atus Russell Thailand N e mi p teru s furc o sus (Valenciennes, I 83 0) Thailand Nemipterus hexodon (Quoy& Gaimard, 1824) Philippines, Thailand Nemipterus japonicus @loch, l79l) Indra, Tharland Nemipterus mesoprion (Bleeker, 1853) Thailand Nemipterus metopias @leeker, 1852) Thailand Nemipterus nematophorus (Bleeker, 1853) Thailand Nemipterus nemurus (Bler,ker, I 857) Thailand N e mi pt eru s p e n tal ine ata Wongratana, I 970 Thailand Ne mi p t eru s pe roni i (Yalenciennes, I 83 0) Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand Nemipterus sp. Thailand Nemipterus tambuloides @leeker, 1853) Thailand Nemi pterus tolz (Valenciennes, I 830) Philippines, Thailan4 India Pentapodus setosus (Valenciennes, I 830) Thailand Parascolopsis eriomma (Jordan & Rrchardson, 1939) Thailand Scolopsis bi lineatus (Bloch, 1793) Thailand Sco I o psi s c i I i atu s (Lacepede, I 802) Thailand Scolopsis personatus (Cuvier, 1830) Thailand Sco/opsls sp. India Scolopsis taeniopterus (Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830) Thailand S c o I op s i s v o srne ri @loch, 17 92) India, Thailand

Family Pentapodidae

Gnat ho dent m mo ssamb i cus Smith, I 957 Thailand Gymnocranius griseus (Schlegel, 1843) Thailand Gymnocranius ruppelli Smith, 1941 Thailand

Family Bramidae

Brama dussumieri (Cuvier, 183 1) Thailand

Family Lobotidae

Lobotes surinamensis (Bloch, 1790) Thailand 22 Taxonomy and biolog,t of fishesfrom the Andaman Sea.

Family Leiograthidae

Gazza achlamys Jordan & Starks, 1 9 1 7 Indonesia Gazza minuta (Bloch, 1797) Thailand

Le i o gn athu s b in du s (Valenciennes, I 83 5) Philippines Leiognathus elongatus (Gunther, 1874) Thailand Leiognathus leuciscus (Gunther, 1860) Thailand Leiognathus smithursti @amsay & Ogilby, 1886) Thailand Leiognathus splendens (Cuvier, 1829) Indonesia Secutor inidiator (Bloch, 1787) Thailand Secutor ruconlzs (Hamilton, Buchanan, 1822) Thailand

Family Gerreidae

Gerres abbrcviatusBlekea 1850 + Philippines, Thailand Ge rrc s fi lamentosus Ctxtier, 1829 Philippines, Thailand Gerres kapas Bleeker, 185 I Philippines Gerres marcosma Bleeker, 1854 Philippines Gerres oblongus Cwier & Valenciennes, 1830 Indonesi4 Thailand Gerres ovatus Gunther Australia Getes oyena (Forsskil, 1775) Malaysia Pentaprion longimanus (Cantor, 1850) Thailand

Family Haemulidae

D i agram ma p i c tum (lhunbet g, 11 9 5) India, Philippines, Australi4 Thailand

P I e c t o rhyn c hu s c h a e t o don o i d e s Lacepede, I 800 Thailand Plectorhynchus cuvieri (Bennett, 1830) Thailand P I e ct o rhyn chu s gi b b o sus Q..acepede, I 802) Myanmar Plectorhynchus lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Myanmar P omadasys agreus (Valenciennes, I 83 3) Thailand Pomadasys furcatus @loch & Schneider, 1801) Thailand P o m a d a sy s h a s t a (Bloch, l'1 90) Thailand Pomadasys maculata @loch, 1797) Thailand Pseudopristipoma nigrum (Cuvier, 1830) Thailand

Family Sciaenidae

Pseudosciaena aneus (Bloch, 1793) Philippines Phuket mar biol. Cenl Spec. Publ. no. I2 (1993) z)

Family I-ethrinidae

Lethrinus choerorynchus (Bloch & Schneider, l80l) Thailand Le t h r i nu s I e n tj an $,acepede, I 802) Thailand Lethrinus mahsenoides Valenciennes, 1830 Thailand Lethrinus miniatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Thailand Le thrinus ornatus Valenciennes, I 830 Thailand Le thrinus variegatus Valenciennes, I 830 Thailand Wattsia mossambica (Smith, 1975) Myanmar

Family Sparidae

Argyro ps spinifer @ orsskhl, l7'7 5) India, Tharland

Family Mullidae

Mulloides vanicolensis (Cuvier, 183 l) Thailand Parupeneus b arb erinus (Lacepede, I 80 l) Philippines, Thailand Parupeneus cyclostomus (Lacepede, l80l) Thailand Parupeneus heptacanthus Lacepede, I 80 1 Myanmar, Thailand Parupeneus indicus (Shaw, 1803) India, Thailand P arupeneus macronema (.acepede, 1 80 l ) Thailand Parupeneus pleurospi los (Bleeker, I 853) Thailand Parupeneus sp. India (Jpe ne us asymme tri cus Laclner, 19 5 4 Thailand (Jpeneus bensasi (Temminck & Schlegel, 1842) Thailand Upeneus caerulaureus Indonesia (Jpeneus in di cu s (Shaw) Philippines Upeneus luzonius Jordan & Seale, 1907 Philippines Llpeneus sp. Thailand Up e ne us su lphureu s Ctlvier, 1829 Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines Upeneus sandaiczs (Bleeker, 1855) Philippines, Thailand Upeneus tragula fuchardson, 1845 Thailand Llpen eus v itt atu s (Forsskal, I 775) Thailand

Iamily Monodactylidae

Monodactylus argenteus (Linnaeus, 1758) Thailand

Family Pempheridae

Pempheris moluca Cuvier, 183 I Thailand ) /'l Taxonomy and biolag/ of fishes from the Andaman Sea.

Famity Kyphosidae

Kyph o su s c i n e r asc en s (Forsskfll, I 775) Thailand Kyphosus lembus (Cuvier, 1831) Thailand Kyphosus vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) Thailand

Family Ephippidae

Ephippus orbls (Bloch , 178'1) Thailand

Family Platacidae

P latax orb ieulari s (Forsskil, 1775) Thailand

P I atax p i nn a/r.rs (Linnaeus, I 75 8) Philippines P I at ax /elra (Forsskal, l7 7 5) Thailand

Family Drepanidae

Drepane longimana (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Myanmar D r ep an e pu n c t at a Q'innaeus, I 75 8) Thailand

Famity Scatophagidae

S c at oph agu s argu s (Linnaeus, I 766) India, Philippines, Thailand

Family Chaetodontidae

Chaetodon auriga (Forsskil, 1775) Philippines, Thailand Chaetodon citrinellus Cuvier, 183 I Thailand Chaetodon collare Bloch, 1787 Thailand Chaetodon decussatus Cuvier, 183 I Thailand Chaetodon ephippium Cuvier, 1831 Philippines C h a e t o d o n fasclalers Forsskal, 17 7 5 Philippines Chaetodon guttatissimus Bennett, i832 Thailand Chaetodon kleinii Bloch, 1790 Philippines Chaetodon lineolatus Cuvier, 183 I Thailand Chae to don octofasci atu s Bloch, 1787 Philippines, Indonesia Chaelodon plebeius Cuvier, 183 t Thailand Chaetodon rafrlesi Bennett, 1830 Philippines Chaetodon speculum Cuvier & Valenciennes Philippines Chaetodon triangulum Cuvier, 183 I Thailand Chaetodon trifuscialis Quoy & Gaimard,1824 Philippines, Thailand Ch aeto don trifu sci atus Park, l'7 9'7 Philippines, Thailand Phuket mar biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no. I2 (1993) 2)

Chaetodon vagabundus Linnaeus, 1758 Philippines, Thailand Chaetodon xanthocephalns Bennett, 1832 Thailand Chelmon rostratus Linnaeus, 1758 Australia Coradion chrysozonus (Cuvier, 183 l) Thailand Hemitaurichthys zoster (Bennett, 183 l) Thailand Heniochus acuminatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Philippines, Thailand Heniochus singularis Smith & Radcliffe, I 9 I I Thailand

P arachaetodon ocellatus (Cuvier, I 83 l) Philippines, Thailand FamilyPomacanthidae

P omac an thu s annu I ar i s (Bloch, 1787) Indra, Thailand

F'amily Cepolidae

Acanthocephala ab brevi a/a (Valenciennes, I 83 5) Thailand

Famity Pomacentridae

Abudefduf bengalensis (Bloch, 1787) Thailand A b u d efduf n o t a t u s (D ay, 1869) Thailand A b u defduf s ax at i I i s (Linnaeus, I 758) Thailand

A b u defduf se p temfas c i atu s (Cuvier, I 83 0) Thailand A bu defduf sexfasci atus $,acepede, I 802) Australia, Thailand Abudefduf vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) Thailand Acanthochromis polyacanlftzs (Bleeker, 1855) Australia Amb lyglyphidodon aureus (Cuvier, 1830) Thailand A mb ly g lyp h i do do n I e u c o gas t e r (Bleeker, 18 4'7 ) Thailand Amphiprion akallopisos Bleeker, I 853 Thailand Amphiprion clarkii (Bennett, 1830) Thailand Amphiprion ephippium (Bloch, 1790) Thailand Amphiprion ocellaris Cuvier, 1830 Thailand A mp h ipri on pe rcu I a (Lacepede, I 802) Thailand Amphiprion sebae Bleeker, 1853 Thailand Cheiloprion labiatus (Day, 1877) Thailand Chromis atripectoralis Welander & Schultz, 1951 Thailand C hromi s fl av omacu I at a Kamohara, I 960 Thailand Chromis iomelas (Jordan & Seale, 1906) Thailand Chromis leucura Gilbert, 1905 Thailand Chromis sp. Thailand Chromis nitida (Whitley, I928) Australia Chromi s t ern at en s is (Bleeker, I 856) Australi4 Thailand Chromis viridis (Cuvier, I830) Thailand Chromis weberi Fowler & Bean, 1928 Thailand Chrysiptera leucopoma (Lesson, 1830) Thailand 26 Taxonomy and biologt of fishesfrom the Andaman Sea.

Chrysiptera rollandi (Whitley, I 96 1) Australia, Thailand Chrysiptera sp. Thailand Chrysiptera unimaculatus (Cuvier, 1830) Thailand D ascy I lu s aru anu s Q-,iwtaeus, I 758) Australia, Thailand Dascyllus carneus Fischer, 1885 Thailand

D ascy I lu s re t i cu I atu s (Richardson, I 846) Thailand Dascyllus trimaculatus (Ruppell, 1828) Thailand Di schistodus perspicillatus (Cuvier, 1830) Thailand Neoglyphidodon carlsoni (Allen, 1975) Thailand Neoglyphidodon nigroris (Cuvier, 1830) Thailand Ne opomacentrus anab atoides @leeker, 1847) Thailand Neopomacentrus cyanomos @leeker, 1856) Thailand Ne opomacentrus fi lamentosr.rs (Macleay, I 883) Thailand Neopomacentrus nemurus (Bleeker, 1857) Thailand Neopomacentrus taeniurus @leeker, 1856) Thailand P le ctroglyphidodon di cki i $'ienard, I 83 9) Thailand Plectroglyphidodon j ohnstonianus Fowler & Ball, 1924 Thailand Plectroglyphidodon lacrymatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) Thailand Plectroglyphidodon leucozona (Bleeker, 1859) Thailand Pomacentrus amboinensis Bleeker, I 868 Austraha, Thailand Pomacentrus azuremacul a/as Allen, I 990 Thailand Pomacentrus b ankanensis Bleeker, 1853 Thailand Pomacentrus brachi alis Cuvier, 1830 Australia

P om a c e n tru s c hry sarus Cuier, I 83 0 Australi4 Thailand Pomacentrus coelestis Jordan & Starks. 1901 Thailand Pomacentrus lepidogenys Fowler & Bean, 1928 Thailand P omacentrus me lanochir Bleeker I 877 Australia Pomacentrus mo luccensis Bleeker, I 853 Australia, Thailand Pomacentrus perspicillatus Cuvier, 1830 Thailand Pomacentrus philippinus Evermann & Seale, 1907 Thailand Pomacentrus polyspinus Allen, 1990 Thailand Pomacentrus similis Allen, 1990 Thailand Pomacentrus simsiang Bleeker, 1856 Thailand Pomacentrus smithi Fowler & Bean, 1928 Thailand Pomacentrus sp. Thailand Pomacentrus tripunctatus Cuvier, 1830 Thailand Pomacentrus vaiuli (Jordan & Seale, 1906) Thailand Pomacentrus wardi Whitley, 1927 Australi4 Thailand Stegastes fasciolatus (Ogilby, 1889) Thailand Ste gas te s n i gri c an s Q-acepede, I 802) Australia

tr'amily Labridae

Anampses meleagrides Cuvier, 1839 Thailand Bodianus diana (Lacepede, 1801) Thailand Bodianus mesothorax @loch & Schneider, 1801) Thailand Bodianus sp. Thailand Cheilinus chlorurus (Bloch. l79l) Thailand Phuket mar biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no. I2 (1993) 27

Che i I i nus tri lob atus Lacepede, I 802 Philippines Cheilio inermis (Forsskal, 1775) Philippines Choerodon robustus (Gunther, I 862) Myanmar, Thailand Choerodon sp. Thailand Epibulus insidi ator (Pallas, 1770) Thailand H ali cho e re s hortulanus (Lacepede, I 802) Thailand Halichoere s melanurus (Bleeker, 185 l) Thailand Halichoeres scapularis (Bennett, 183 l) Thailand Halichoeres trimaculatus (Griffith, 1834) Australia Hemi gltmnus me lapterus (Bloch, 179 l) Thailand

Stethojulis phekadopleura (Bleeker, 1 849) . Thailand Stethojulis trilineata (Bloch & Schneider, 1802) Thailand Thalassoma amblycephalzn (Bleeker, 1856) Australia Thal ass o ma fu s cum Q,acepde, I 80 I ) Thailand Thalassoma j anseni (Bleeker, 1856) Thailand Thalassoma lunare (Linnaeus, 1758) Thailand Thalassoma sp. Australia Xyrichtys pavo Valenciennes, 1840 Thailand Xyrichtys sp. Myanmar

Family Scaridae

Scarus blochii Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1839 Thailand Scarus nlger Forsskil, 177 5 Thailand Scarus rubroviolacezs Bleeker, 1847 Thailand Scarus sordidus Forsskil, 1775 Philippines Xanothon fowleri Smith, I 956 Thailand

Family Parapercidae

P arape rci s cy lindri ca (Bloch, 1792) Australia P arapercis quadrispinosc (Weber, l9 l3) Thailand

Family Uranoscopidae

I chthyoscopus leb eck (Bloch & Schneider, I 80 1) Thailand

Family Blenniidae

Ecsenius mandibularis McCulloch, I 923 Australia Salarias fasclalus (Bloch, 1786) Australia

Family Congrogadidae

Blennode smus scapularis Gunther, 187 I Australia 28 Taxonomy and biologt of fishesfrom the Andaman Sea.

Family Callionymidae

Callionwus fi lamentosus Cwrer & Valenciennes, 1837 Thailand Dactylopus dactylopus (Cuvier & Valenciennes, i837) Thailand

F'amily Siganidae

Siganus atgenteus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) Philippines

S i ganu s c an al i cu I atus (Park, I 797) Philippines,Indi4 Thailand Siganus chrysospilos (Bleeker, 1852) Thailand Siganus concatenatus (Valenciennes, 1835) Philippines Si ganu s coral li nu s (Yalenciennes, I 83 5) Thailand Siganus guttafr.rs (Bloch, 1787) Thailand Siganus j avus (Linnaeus, 1766) Thailand Siganus spinus (Linnaeus, 1758) Indonesia

Si ganu s v i rgalas (Valenciennes, I 83 5) Indonesia, Thailand

F'amily Zanclidae

Zanclus cornutus (Linnaeus, 1758) Thailand

Family Acanthuridae

Acanthurus bariene Lesson. 1830 Myanmar Acanthurus ce leb icus Bleeker, 1852 Thailand A c an t huru s g ahm @ orsskAl, l'7 7 5) Thailand Acanthurus leucosternon Bennett, 1832 Thailand Acanthurus lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Philippines Acanthurus matoides Valenciennes, 1835 Thailand

A c an t huru s p h i I i ppi n e n s Herre Philippines Acanthurus triostegus (Linnaeus, 1758) Philippines, Thailand Naso breviroslris (Valenciennes, 1835) Thailand ItIaso hexacanthus (Bleeker, I 855) Thailand Naso valamingll (Cuvier & Valenciennes, i835) Thailand Zebrasoma veliferum (Bloch, 1797) Thailand

Family Trichiuridae

Tri ch iurus h aume I a @orsskal, I 775 ) Indra, Philippines, Thailand

Family Scombridae

Auxis th azard (Lacepede, I 800) India, Indonesia, Thailand Euthynnus afinls (Cantor, 1849) Thailand Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no, 12 (1993) 29

Gr ammat or cynus b i c ar i n atus (Quoy & Gaimard" I 824) Thailand

Gymn o sar da unic o lor Ruppell, I 83 8) Thailand Katsuw o nus pe I ami s (Linnaeus, I 75 8) Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand Rastrelliger brachysoma (Bleeker, 1885 1) Philippines Rastrelliger faughni Matsui, 1967 Thailand Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 18 17) Indi4 Tharland Rastrelliger neglectus (Van Kampen, 1852) Thailand Scomberomorus commerson (-acepede, I 800) Indi4 Thailand Scomberomorus guttatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Thailand Thunnu s alb acore s @onnaterre, I 788) Thailand Thunnus tonggol @leeker, l85l) Indonesia

Family Stromateidae

Pampus argenteus @tphrasen, 1788) Indonesia, India Myanmar, Thailand

Family Kurtidae

Kurtus indicus Bloch, 1786 Thailand

Famity Eleotridae

A s te rro pt e rlnc s emi pun ct atus Ruppell, I 828 Thailand Butis butis (Hamilton, Buchanan, 1822) Thailand

Oph i o c ar a poro ce ph ala (Valenciennes, I 83 7) Thailand

Famity Gobiidae

Cryptocentrus callopterus Smith, 1945 Thailand Cryptocentrus crocatus Wongratana, 1975 Thailand Cryptocentrus fontanesii (Bleeker, 1852) Thailand Cryptocentrus gl,tmnocephalzs (Bleeker, 1853) Thailand Cryptocentrus leonis Smith, 193 I Thailand Cryptocentrus pavoninoides @leeker, 1849) Thailand Gnatholepis sp. Thailand

Family Periophthalmidae

Periophthalmus koelreuterl (Pallas, 1770) Thailand

P e ri o phth almu s vu lgar i s Eggert Thailand

Family Scorpaenidae

Pterois russel/li (Bennett, 1831) Thailand 30 Taxonomy and biologt of fishesfrom the Andaman Sea.

Pterois volitans (Linnaeus, 1758) Thailand

P t e rop t e nu s r a di at a (Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829) Thailand Scorpaenopsis gibbosa (Bloch, I 80 1) Thailand Synanceia horrida (Linnaeus, 1766) Thailand

Family Triglidae

Lepidotrigla spiloptera Gunther, 1880 Thailand

Family Peristediidae

Peristedion adeni Thailand P e ri st e di on li orhync hu s (Gunther, I 87 I ) Thailand P eriste di on mo I luccens Bleeker Thailand

F'amily Platycephalidae

Cociella crocodi lia (Tilesius, 18 l2) Thailand Elates ransonneti (Steindachner, 1876) Thailand Elates thompsoni (Jordan & Seale, 1907) Thailand Grammolithes scaber (Linnaeus, 1758) Thailand P latycephalus indicus (Linnaeus, 1758) Thailand P latycephalus pristiger Cuvier, 1829 Thailand Platycephalus rodericensis Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1829 Thailand Platycephalus sp. Thailand Rogadius asper (Cuvier, 1829) Thailand Sorsogona tub erculata (Cuvier, 1829) Thailand Thysanophrys b ataviensi s Bleeker, 1853 Thailand Thysanophrys macrac anthus (Bleeker, I 869) Thailand Thysanophrys malayanus (Bleeker, 1853) Thailand Thy s ano p hrys p api I lo I ab ium Schultz, L9 66 Thailand Thysanophrys sculptus (Gunther, 1880) Malaysia, Thailand Thysanophrys serratus (Cuvier, 1829) Thailand

ORDER DACTYLOPTERIFORMES Family Dactylopteridae

Dactyloptena orientalis (Cuvier & Valenciennes, i829) Thailand

ORDER PLEURONECTIFORMES Family Psettodidae

Psettodes erumei @loch & Schneider, l80l) India- Tharland

Family Bothidae

Arnoglossus intermedius (Bleeker, 1866) Thailand Arnoglossus tenuis Gtnther, 1880 Thailand Phuket mar biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no. 12 (1993) )t

Engyprosopon grandisquazrls (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) Thailand Engyprosopon lattfrons (Regan, 1908) Thailard Grammatobothus polyophthalmus (Bleeker, 1866) Thailand Pseudorhombus arsius (Ilamilton, 1822) Philippines, Thailand

P seu dorhomb u s dup li ci o c e I I atu s Regan, 1905 Thailand Pseudorhombus elevatus Ogilby, I 9 12 Thailand

Family Pleuronectidae

Br ac hy p I e ur a nov ae -z e I an di ae GunIher, 1862 Thailand Samaris cristalzs Gray,183 I Thailand

Family Soleidae

Heteromycteris oculus (Alcock, I 889) Thailand

Syn aptu r a c omm e r soni an a (Lacepede, I 802) Thailand Synaptura cornuta (Kaup, 1858) Thailand Synaptura quagga (Kaup, 1858) Thailand

Family Cynoglossidae

Cyno glo ssu s b i line atus (Lacepede, I 803) Thailand Cynoglossus cynoglossus (Hamilton-Buchanan, 1822) Indonesia

Cybo glossu s macro I epi do tus (Bleeker, I 85 l) Indonesia, Thailald Cynoglossus oligolepis (Bleeker, 1854) Thailand Cynoglossus semifasciatus Day, I 888 India Cynoglossus sibogae Weber, 1813 Thailand

ORDER ECHENEIFORMES Family Echeneidae

Echeneis naucrate s (Linnaeus, 1758) Thailand

ORDER TETRODONTIFORMES Family Triacanthidae

P s eu do tri ac anthu s s tr i I i gifer (Cantor, 1 849) Indra, Tharland Triacanthus brevirostris Temminck & Schlegel, 1850 Thailand Trixiphichthy weberi Thailand

Family Balistidae

Abalistes stellaris (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Thailand Balistapus undulatus (Park, 1797) Thailand Canthidermis maculatus (Bleeker, 1865) Thailand Canthidermis rotundatus (Proce, 1822) Thailand Odonus niger (Ruppell, 1840) Thailand JZ Taxonomy and biology of fishes from the Andaman Sea.

Sffiamen capistratus (Shaw, 1803) Thailand Sffiamen chrysopterus @loch& Schneider, l80l) Thailand

Family Monacanthidae

Alutera monoceros (Linnaeus, 1758) Thailand Alutera scripta (Osbeck, 1765) Thailand Monacanthus chinensis (Bloch, 1786) Thailand Monacanthus macrurus Bleeker, 1856 Thailand Oxymonacanthus longirosrrls (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Thailand

Family Ostraciidae

Lactoria cornuta llinnaeus, 1758) Thailand Ostracion meleagris Shaq 1796 Thailand Ostracion tuberculata Linnaeus, 1758 Thailand Rhynchostracion nasus (Bloch, 1785) Thailand Tetrosomus gibb osus (Linnaeus, 1758) Thailand

Family Tctraodontidae

Arothron hispidus (Linnaeus, 1758) Thailand Arothron immaculatus Bloch & Schneider, l80l Thailand Arothron nigropunctatzs (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Thailand Arothron stellatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Thailand Canthigaster margaritatus (Ruppell, 1828) Australia Canthigaster valentini (Bleeker, 1853) Thailand C h e I o n o d o n p a t o c a Slamllton-Buchanan, 1822) Thailand Gastrophysus lunaris (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Thailand Gastrophysus sce leratus (Gmelin, 1789) Thailand Gastrophysus sp. Thailand Lago ceph alu s inermi s (Schlegel) Thailand Lagocephalus spadiceus (Richardson, 1844) Thailand Sphoeroides Jlorealis (Cope, 187 l) Thailand Tetraodon reticulatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Thailand Torquigener ob longus (Bloch, 1786) Thailand

Family Diodontidae

Chilomycterus orbicularis (Bloch, 1785) Thailand Diodon holacanthus Linnaeus, 1758 Thailand Diodon hystrix Linnaeus, 1758 Thailand Diodon liturosus Shaw 1804 Thailand

ORDER LOPHIIFORMES Family Ogcocephalidae

Halieutaea stellata (Vahl, 1797) Thailand Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no. l2 (1993) 33

REFERENCES

Allen, G.R. 1985. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjarud species known to date. FAO Fish Synop , (125). Vol.6: 208p Allen, G.R. 1991. Damselfishes of the world. Aquarium System, 271 p Berg, L.S. 1940. Classification of hshes both recent and fossil. ?av. Inst. Zool. Acad. Sci. USSR, 5:87-517 Boonprakob, U. and J. Hylleberg. 1983. The inauguration of the reference collection building at the Phuket Marine Biological Center. Phuket mar biol. Cent. Spec. Publ.l'.1-50 Carpenter, K.E. 1988. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 8. Fusilier fishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of Caesionid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop ,(25) Vol.8:75p Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen. 1983. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop ,(125) Vol.2:137p Compagno, L.J.V 1984a. FAO species catalogue. Vol.4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1. Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. E4O Fish. Synop., (125) Vol.4, Pt.l'.249p Compagno, L.J.V 1984b. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. (125) Vol.4, Pt.2: 251-6s5 Fischer, W and P.J.P Whitehead (eds.). 1974. FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Eastern Indian Ocean (fishing area 57) and Western Central Pacific (fishing areall). Vol.I-IV, Rome, FAO, pag. var. Fischer, W. and G. Bianchi (eds.). 1984. FAO species identifrcation sheets for fishery purposes. Western Indian Ocean; (Fishing Area 5l). Prepared and printed with the support of the Danish International Devel- opment Agency (DANIDA). Rome, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Vols.l-6: pag. var. McKay, R.J. 1992. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 14. Sillaginid fishes of the world. (Family Sillaginidae). An anno- tated and illustrated catalogue of the Sillago, Smelt or Indo-Pacific whiting species known to date. E4O Fish. Synop (125), Vol.14:87 P Nateewathana, A., P Tantichodok, S. Bussarawich and R. Sirivejabandhu. 1981. Marine organisms in the Reference Collection. Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Res. 8u11.,28.43-86 Nateewathana, A. 1990. Andaman Sea tlpe-species deposited in the Reference Collection of PMBC and other collections, with notes on how to obtain material for taxonomic studies. Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Res. Bull., s4.65-7 4 Russell, B.C. 1990. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 12. Nemipterid fishes ofthe world. (Threadfin breams, whiptail breams, monocle breams, dwarf monocle breams, and coral breams). Family Nemipteridae. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of Nemipterid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. (125), Vol. 12. Rome, FAO:149 p Whitehead, PJ.P 1985. FAO species catalogue. Vol.7. Clupeoid fishes of the world. An annotated and illus- trated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 2. Engraulididae. FAO Fish. Synop., (125). Vol.7,Pt,2: 305-579 Whitehead, P.J.P, G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana. 1988. FAO species catalogue. Vol.7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue ofthe herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, anchovies and wolf-herrings. Part 2. Engraulididae. FAO Fish Synop., (125) Vol.7. Pt.2'.305'5'79 Wongratana, T. l9'7 5a. A new goby, Cryptocentrus cracatus, with descriptions of other species of the genus from Thailand (Pisces:Gobiidae). Phuket mar biol. Cent. Res, Bull.,6"l-15 Wongratana, T. 1975b. A record of a flatheadfrsh, Thysanophrys papillolabium Schultz, in the Andaman Sea, with a key to fourteen species of the Platycephalidae. Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Res. bull.,7'.1-9 Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no. I2 (1993) 35

SPECIES OF FISH ADDED TO THE REFERENCE COLLECTION OF THE PMBC, THAILAND

by Pairoj Sirimontrapornl, Somchai Bussarawit2 and Anuwat Nateewathana2 l. l{ational Institute of Coastal Aquaculture, Songkla, Thailand 2. Phuket Marine Biolopical Center, Thailand

ABSTRACT

A total of 165 species from 47 families offishes have been identified and deposited in the Reference Collection of the Phuket Marine Biological Center, Thailand during the workshop in taxonomy andbiology of fishes from the Andaman Sea. Of these deposits, 93 species were new registrations. A list of these fishes is provided for future reference.

INTRODUCTION SPECIES LIST ADDED TO PMBC REFERENCE COLLECTION During the workshop in taxonomy and biolo- gy of fishes from the Andaman Sea held at the Phuket CIASS ELASMOBRANCHtr Marine Biological Center, a number of fishes were col- OTdeTRA.IIF,ORMES lected and identified by the participants. The material f,,amily Dasyatidae was collected from various places, but mainly from the markets in Phuket town. Most of fishes from the Dasyatis (Himantura) gerrqrdi (Gray, 1851) market were food ftshes, such as mullets, sand whit- ing and groupers. A sea gypsy village at Rawai Beach CI"ASS TELEOSTONtr was also a good place for collecting, both food fishes OTdeTCLUpEIFORMES and ornamental fishes. Ornamental fishes were mainly Family Elopidae collected from the coral reefareas along the coast and nearby islands. A number of unidentified fishes which Elops machnala (Forsskil ,lii5) were kept in the unsorted specimen room of the Refer- ence Collection were selected for identification dur- FamilyMegalopidae ing the workshop and included in the present report. Megalops cyprinoides (Broussonet, 1782) A total of 165 fish species from 4'7 families have been identified during the workshop and depos- Family Clupeidae -Anodontostoma ited in the PMBC Reference Collection. As a supple- chacunda (Hamilton-Buchanan, mentto the fish list givenby Nateewathanaet al.(1993), lB22) 93 species were added to the Collection. The present Escualosa thoracata (Valenciennes, 1847) list includes the whole fish material identified during Pellona ditchela Valenciennes, 184? the workshop. If a species has been reported in Nateewathana et al. (1993) an asterisk mark (*) will be Family Engra'lidae given in front ofthe genus. Enuasicholina devisi (Whitley, I 940) 36 'faxonomy and biology of f shesfrom the Andaman Sea.

.Encrasicholina heteroloba (Ruppell, 1837) Family Serranidae Stolephorus andhreansis Babu Rao, 1966 "stolephoruscommersoniiLacepede, 1803 'Aethalopercarogaa (ForsskAl, 1775) -Stolephorusindicus(vanHasselt, 1823) Cephalopholisa4gasBlochandSchneider, l80l Stolephorus waitei Jordan & Seale, 1926 Cephalopholis aurantia (Valcnciennes, 1828) -Thryssa hamiltonii (Grai', 1835) Cephalopholis cyanostigma (Valenciennes, 1828) Cephalopholis formosa (Shaw and Noddcr, 18 12) OTdcTSCOPELFORMES Cephalopholis miniata (ForsskAl, 1775) Family Synodontidae "Epinephelus caeruleopunclalzis (Bloch, 1790) Epi n ep h e lus co i oi de s (l{amilton, I 822) -Saurida gracllis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) Epinephelus episticlus (Tcmminck & Scttlcgel, 1842) OrdcrBEI-,IONIFORMES Epinephelus erythrurus (Valenciennes, 1828) FamilyBefonidac Epinephelus.fuscoguttalus (Forsskil, 1775) Epinephe lus heniochus Fowler, 1904 'Tllosurus strongylurus (van Hassclt, 1823) Epinephelus lanceolalus (Bloch, 1790) Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch and Schneider, FamilyHcmirhamphidac 1801) [:.p i ne ph e lu s octofas ci atus (Griffi n, I 926) 'Hemrrhamphas/ar(Forsskhl,l'7'75) Epinephelus ongzs (Bloch, 1790) Ifetnirhamphus g,aimardi (Valenciennes, ltt46) Epinephelus polyphekadion (Bleeker, 1849) Zenarchopterus dispar (Valencicnnes, 1846) Epinephelus quayanus (Valenciennes, 1830) Epinephelus radiatus (Day, 1867) OnIeTSYNGNATHIFORMES 'Epinephelus sexfasciatus (Valenciennes, 1828) FamilyAulostomidae "Epinephelus undulosus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) P le c lo pomu s le o p ar dus (Lacdpede, I 802) ,Aulostomus chinensis (Linnacus, 1766) 'Plectopomus maculalus @loch, 1790) Variola albtmarginata Baissac, 1952 OnIeTBERYCIFORMES Family Moncccntridac Family Grammistidae

Monocentris japonicu,s (Houttuyn, 1782) Pogonoperca punctata (Cuvrcr & Valenciennes, 1830) OnIcTMUGILIFORMES Family Mugilidae Family Priacanthidac

Liza sabviridls (Valcnciennes, 1836) 'Priacanthus hamrur (Forsskal, 1775) Valamugi I buchanani @leeker, 1853) Valamugil cunnesius (Valencienncs, 1836) FamilyApogonidae Valanugilselzcll lForsskel. I 775 ) Apogon hyalosoma Da1,, 1875 OTdcTPERCIFORMES FamilyAmbassidae Family Sillaginidac

"lntbassis contmersonii Cuvier, 1828 Sillago aeolus Jordan and Evermann, 1902 "Ambassis gymnocephalus (Lacepddc, I 801) 'Sillago mctculata Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 'Sillago .sihama (Forsskil, 1775) l'hukal tnor hi,,l. (-cnt..\pt,r Publ. no. 12 (1993)

Family Carangidac Family l*thrinidae

',1lule nrate (Cuvicr, 1833) ' Le lhrinus ornatus Valenciennes, 1830 ' Carangoides praeuslus (Bcnnctt, 1830) Le thrinus le nt1 an (Lacepede, 1 802)

Scornb e ro i de s co mme r:;onn i anus Lacipcdc, I 80 I Lelhrinus nebzlosus (Forsskal, I 775)

Scomberoide.s lol (Cuvicr, 1832) L e t hr i n u s h ar ak (F or sskhl, 11 1 5)

Family Lutianidac FamilyMullidac

' Li poc he i lus carno I obrum (Chan) Parupeneus barberius (Lacepede, 180 1) ' ' Lu tj anu s b i gu t t otu s (Valcncicnncs, I tt30) P aru pen e us i ncl i cus (Shawl I 803 ) 'l,uljonus - de cussolus (Cuvicr, I tt28) Porupeneus mocronema Q-accpcde, 1801 ) - Lu lj anus fu lv tf amm a (Forsskal, I 77 5) ' Lu Ij anu s fu lvzrs (Schncidcr, I 80 I ) Family Ephippidac Lu tj anus quin que li ne alus Bloch, I 790 'Lutjanus russel/r (Blcckcr, I849) 'llphippus orbls @loch, 1787)

Family Cacsionidac Family Chaetodontidac

- ' P le nt cae si o di agramma (Blceker. 1865) Chaetodon auriga (Forsskil, 1775) Chaetodon baronessa Cuvicr, 183 I

Family Ncmiptcridae Chaetodon chrysozonus (Cuvier, 1 83 l) Chaetodon collare Bloch, 1787 Scolopsis dubiosus Wcbcr, 1913 'Chaetodon decussatu.s Cuvicr, 183 I Scolopsis monogramma (Kuhl & Hassclt, 1830) C h ae t o d o n fa I cu I a Bloch, ).1 93 Chaetodon lunula (Laccpede, 1803) Family I*iograthidac Chaetodon me.yeri Bloch& Schneider, 180 I Chaetodon madagascariensis Ahl, 1923 -(iazza ' achlam-ys Jordan & Starks, 1917 C hae to do n o c tofas c i atus Bloch, 1 787 -Gazza ninulo (Bloch, 1797) "Chaetodon plebeius Cuvier, 183 I

Le i o gnathus e quu lus (Forsskil, I 775) 'Chaetodon rafilesi Bennett, 1830

Le i o gnat hu s b rev i rc s tr i s (Valcncicnncs, I 83 5) 'Chaetodon lriangulum Cuvicr, 183 I 'Secutor insidiator @loch, 1787) 'Chaetodon trifasciolis Qloy & Garmard, 1824 ' C hae t odon trifasc i alus Park, 11 9'7 Family Gcrrcidae ' C h ae to don v agab un du s Linnaeus, I 758 Iiorcipiger flavissimus Jordan & McGre gor, I 898 ' G e rre s a b b rev i atu s Bleeker, I 85 0 ' I lemi tauri chlhys zoster @cnnett, I 83 l) ' ' Ge rre s fi I amen to sa s Ctl"v ier, I 829 fI en i oc hu s acumin atus (l-innaeus, I 758) 'Gerres oyena (ForsskAl, 1775) Heniochus pleurotaenia Ahl, 1923 Gerres poieti Cuvier, 1829 "Ileniochus singularis Smith & Radcliffc, 1911

Family Hacmulidac Family Pomacentridac

-A [)omadasys kaakan (Cuvier, 1830) b u defduf b engale nsi s @loch, 1787) 'Abudefdufvaigiensis 'Pomadosvs rnaculata @loch, 1790) (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) Chromis dimidiatus (Klunzinger, l87l)

Family Sciacnidae C e n t r opy ge elbll Klauscwi tz, 1963 ' Dascyl lus aruanus S,-innacus, 1758) Protoneb ia diacanthus (Laccpcdc, I 802) 38 Taxonomy and biolog,, of fishesfrom the Andaman Sea

-Euthynnus Familylabridae affizris(Cantor, 1849) ' Thunnu s al b aco re s (Bonnaterre. I 788) - An amps e s me I e agr i de s Cuvier, I 8 3 9 'Bodianusmesothorm@loch&Schneider,l80l) FamilyGobiidae ' Chei linus chlorurus (Bloch, l79l) Cheilinus diagrammus (Lacepede, 1802) Acentrcgobius caninus (Valenciennes, 1837) Coris gaimardl (Quoy& Gaimard, 1824) Acentrogobius cyanomos @leeker, 1840) 'Epibulus insidiator @allas, 1770) Glossogobius biocellatus (Valenciennes, 1837) Gomphosus variusLacepede, 1801 Oxyurichthys sp. Halichoeres centriquadrus (Lacepede, 1802) Labrichthys unilineata (Guichenot, 1847) FamilyScorpaenidae

Lab roi de s b i co lor F owler and Bean, I 928 Novaculichthys taeniurus (Lacepede, 180 I 'Pterois radiala (Cuvier & Valencierures, 1829) ) .Pteroisvolitans Plagiotremus tapeinosoma @leeker, 1857) (Linnaeus, 1758) Ve spi cu I a tr ac h i n o i de s (Cuvier & Valenciennes, FamilyScaridae 1829)

*Scarus rubroviolaceusBleeker, 1847 F'amilyPlatycephalidae Scarus ghobbar Forsskil, 1775 Scarusjaponlcas@loch, 1789) 'Platycephalusindicas (Linnaeus, 1758)

FamilyParaperridae OTdeTOPHICIPIIALIFORMES F'amily Channidae P ar ap e rc i s al b oguttatus (Gunther, I 872) Channa siamensis Gunther, 1861 tr'amily Siganidae Order PLEIJRONECTIFORMES 'Siganus canaliculatus Qark,1797) Family Soleidae S i ganu s fu s c escers (Houttuyn, 1 782) 'Siganus guttalas (Bloch, 1787) Solia ovataKchardson, 1849 - S i ganu s j avus (Linnaeus, I 766) Siganus vermiculatus (Yalenciennes, I 83 5) Family Cynoglossidae

FamilyZanclidae Cynoglossus llda @leeker, 1851) Cyno g lo ssu s pun cti c e p s (Richardson, I 846) .Cynoglossus 'Zanclus cornlrlars (Linnaeus, 1758) semifasciatusDay, 1888

FamilyAcanthuridae OTdeTTETRODONTIF'ORMES Family Balistidae 'A c an thuru s line atu s (Liruraeus, I 758) 'Acanthurus leucosternon Bemett, 1832 Abalistes stellatus (Lacepede, 1798) 'Acanthurus matoides Yalenciennes, I 83 5 Balistoides viridescens @loch & Schneider, I 80 1) AcanthurusxanthopterusYalenciennes, 1835 Sffiamenfienatus@lcr,h&Schneider, 1801)

Family Scombridae FamilyMonacanthidae

Auxis rochei @isso, 1810) Oxymonacanthus longirostris(Bloch& Schneider, 'Auxisthazard (-acepede,1800) 1301) Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no. I2 (1993) 39

FamilyTHraodontidae ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

C h e I on o do n p at o c a (Buchanan, 1822) The authors would like to thank Dr Jorgen Hylleberg for checking and reading the manuscript. OrderLrOPHffi'ORIVIES FamilyAntenariidae

Antennarius hispidus @loch & Schneider)

REFERENCES

Nateewathana, A., C. Aungtonya and R. Sirivejabandhu. 1993. Revised checklist of fishes in the reference collection ofPhuket Marine Biological Center, Department ofFisheries, Thailand. Proceedings ofworkshop intaxonomy andbiology offishes fromthe Andaman Sea. Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Spec. Publ.,12:9-33.

Phuket mar biol. Cent. Soec. Publ. no. l2(1993) 67

UPDATED LIST OF REEF FISHES AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION ALONG THE WEST COAST OF THAILAND. ANDAMAN SEA.

byUkkrit Satapoomin Phuket Marine Biological Center Phuket, Thailand.

ABSTRACT

A total of 597 species of reef fishes in 66 families are listed from the west coast of Thailand in the Andaman Sea. The list includes 120 new records resulting from recent reliable sighting, collections, or photographs. The fish fauna consists primarily of species which are widely distributed throughout the tropical Indo- and/or Indo- West- Pacific (65.3%). The remaining species are shared with the species rich subregiorts of the Western Pacific, or otherwise form a distinctive Indian Ocean element. The fish fauna of the Andaman Sea is not well known. and further studies are likely to result in discovery of many additional species.

INTRODUCTION On the west coast of Thailand, Andaman Sea, new species of reef fishes have been discovered in Studres on reef fishes in Thai waters are still the wake of visiting experts and well known ichthyol- insufficient, especially when dealing with taxonomic ogists. During the last two decades at least 14 new aspects. With respect to documentation, the first species have been described. These include one known comprehensive study and collecting effort was bali*id; Meilichthys indicus Randall and Klausewitz, made in the Andaman Sea by Monkolprasit and 1973, two siganids; Siganus (Lo) magnrficzs Burgess, Sontirat. During 1976-1978 they collected extersively 1977 and Siganus pleulloides Woodland and Randall, around Phuket Island using trapping, spearing, net- 1979, three blenniids; Cirripectes auritus Carlson, 1980, Ecsenius lubbocki ting and photographing, As a rezult, 230 qpecies in 36 and E. paroculus Springer, families of reef fishes were recorded from the area 1988, two labrids Leptojulis chrysotaenla Randall and Ferraris. l98l and H al i c h oer e s I eucoxanthus RandaTl @lonkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980). Further studies of and 1982, and pomacentrids other localities in the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Smith, six ; Pomacentrus Thailandbroughtthe records to 300 species in46 fami- alleni Bvgess, 198 1, Chromi s flavipe ctorali sRandaTl, lies (Monkolprasit, 1981), Several studies have been 1988, and Pomacentrus adelus, P. azuremaculatus (PMBC confined to groups of particular interest, for instance 4684) , P. polyspinus (PMBC 4683) andP. similis 1991, lutlanids @anasopit, 1968), senanids @arnsopit, 1969', @MBC5l70)Allen,

Monkolprasit, 1983), chaetodontrds @anasopit, 1971 ; Boonyanate and Chantrapornsyl, I 986), pomacentrids The present faunal list of reeffishes is not (Chantrapornsyl and Boonyanate, I 985) and labrids expected to be a complete list. However, it contains Qvlonkolprasit, I 98 9). more species than have ever been reported from the area. Thus, it is hoped that this will be a new baseline In recent years, studies on reeffishes have which can stimulate future research in the Andaman emphasised the aspect of community structure. Sea. Within the ASEAN-Australia Cooperative Programme on Marine Science, studies on reef fish communities using visual census technique have been carried out MATERIALS AND METHODS both in the Gulf of Thailand (Sirirattarnchai e t al ,, 1989; Mantrachitra and Sudara, 1991) and the Andaman Sea Records of reef fishes were mainly derived (Chansang et al., 1989; Wongwit et al.,1989).How- from sighting during census surveys at various lo- ever, considerable basic taxonomy work still remains calities in the Andaman Sea (Fig l) The surveyed to be done. areas spanned approximately 2.5 degrees of latitude 68 Taxonomy and biologt of fishesfrom the Andaman Sea

g8''' L-' gl rn Gulf of Thailand '{PI 't Surin Islands Group (*

z --41

f 3 ---r. b 4 5 --|v T Phang-gna Similan Islands Group \ [ rl

N{ *a {. R \ - 9- ) ){ 20 q__ Phuket 2l t0' i * 5 '-'u' ll ai Andaman Sea 12 W','a' [*,, 16 15'17 t- 4- rs \ 4 t9 23 *( u*l 2s +-rf t y', \

30 km.

fr!: '. Tarutao IsIand Adeng-Rawl lslands Group 100

Fig.l Map showing study sites along the west coast of Thailand, Andaman Sea: L Kangkao Island, 2. Pha Island, 3. Hinkrang-nok, 4. Tublamu, 5. Mrang Island, 6. Khai-nok Island, 7. Dokmai Island, 8. Bangtao, 9. Kamala, 10. Patong, 11. Korn, l2.Kata,l3. CapePanwa(PMBC), 14. Loanlsland, l5.AewIsland, 16. HiIsland, 20. Honglsland,21. DamkwanIsland,22. PhiPhiDonIsland,23. NgaiIsland,24. Kradanlsland, 25. Rok Island, 26. Liang Island. Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no. 12(1993) 69

ranging from the northern-most at Kangkao Island Other sources of information were also taken (93"4'07" N, 98"23'23" E) inRanongProvince tothe into account. These included collecting offish speci- southern-most at Liang Island (7{6 ' 3 4 "N, 99"25' 54"E) mens using spearing and gill-netting, photographic in Trang Province. records, and observation of fishes at the PMBC aquarium. Collecting of fish specimens was made by The observations were carried out from No- me. Most of the underwater photographs of fishes vember 1990 to Aprll1992. Nearly 100 under-water were provided by the professional under-water pho- hours, in about 60 dives, were performed within 26 tographer, Mr. Ashley J. Boyd, and all were taken from reef sites. In order to reduce spatially high variability the Andaman Sea especially at the Similan National in distribution and occurrence, the records offish spe- Marine Park. Fishes displayed at the PMBC aquarium cies among those sites were grouped into 7 areas based were mostly bought from one aquarium-fish trading on geographical proximity, as follows; shop in Phuket. The shop confirmed that all fishes were collected from the Andaman Sea particularly at Area I: comprising 5 reef sites situated along the west Similan Island group, Phi Phi Island, and in vicinity of coast ofRanong to Phang-Nga Provinces, including Phuket. Kangkao Island in Ranong Province, and Pha Island, Miang Island (Similan Islands group), Tublamu and Fishes listed or reported from the area were Hinkrung-Nok in Phang-Nga Provincr. reviewed and compared to the result of this study. New records were noted and added to the total num- Area iI: comprising 2 reef sites in the southern part of ber of presently known species from the area. The Phang-Nga Province including Khai-Nok Island and following literature was used: Allen, 1991; Allen and Dokmarlsland. Steene, 1987; Barnsopit, 1968, 1969, 191 I;Boorryanate and Chantrapornsyl, 1986; Carlson, 1980; Area III: comprising 5 reef sites along the western Chantrapornqyl and Boonyanate, I 985 ; Chansang e/ part of Phuket Island including Bangtao Bay, Kamala a/., 1989; Eschmeyer et a|.,1979; Monkolprasit 1983, Bay, Patong Bay, Kata Bay, and Karon Bay. 1989; Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980; Muchachiev, I 989; Nateew atltana et al., I 98 I ; Randall, I 98 l, I 982, Area IV comprising 4 reef sites in the southern part of 1985; Randall and Heemstra, 1991; Randall and Phuket Island including Cape Panwa (PMBC), Loan Klausewitz, 1973; Randall andlubbock, 1981; Randall Island. Aew Island, andHi island. and Smith, 1982; Springer, 1988; Suvatti, 1950; Wll- iams, 1988; Wongratana, 1982a,1982b, 1983; and Area V: comprising 3 offshore islands in the southern Wongwit elal., 1989. part ofPhuket Island includrng Maithon Island" Racha Yai Island, andRachaNoi Island. The species reported herein are in accor- dance with current nomenclature andbased on recent Area VI: comprising 3 reef sites in Kabri Province in- revisions. cluding Hong Island, Damkhwan Island and Phi Phi Don Island. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Area VII: This comprising of 4 reef sites in TrangProv- A total of 415 species in 59 families of fishes ince including Ngai Island, Kradan Island, Rok Island were found in reef habitats along the Andaman Sea andLiang Island. coast ofThailand (Table 1). Ofthis total, 120 species represented new records for the area. Data from the The reef sites within area III and IV were Surin Islands group, Similan Islands group, Tarutao among the most frequently visited; at least two times Islands group and Adang-Rawi Islands group are not over the survey period while those of the others were well represented. Moreover, for this study, the sur- onlv visited once. veys conducted at each reef site were limited in time. Thus, the fish fauna in the whole area can expected to 70 Taxonomy and biologt of fshesfrom the Andaman Sea

be substantially higher than as indicatedby the litera- cies that are widely distributed throughout the tropi- ture rwiews (Iable 2). The literature revealed 182 spe- cal Indo-Pacific @6.3%) or Indo-West Pacific region cies which were not found in tlus study. Thble 2 brings (19.0%). Thirty-seven species (9.3%) have Western number of fish species presently known from the Pacific distribution. "the This clearly confirmed that the areato 59'l in 66 families. eastern-most boundary of the Indian Ocean over- lapped the biogeographic region of the tropical W. The ten most speciose families comprise over Pacific. Fourteen (3 5"/") and four (IIYA species are half of the species recorded and the twenty most restricted to the Indo-Australian and Indo-Malay ar- speciose families comprise about 83olo of the species chipelago, reqpectively. Thirty-six species (9.0%) have (Table 3). The latterpercentage is higher than the gen- disjunct distributions, occurring in Western pacific, eral finding for the Indo-Pacific reefs with figures of but are otherwise confined to the eastern boundary of T9Yofor Chistmas Island, Easternlndian Ocean (Allen Indian Ocean. Twenty-nine (7 3yA and nine (Z 3y") and Steene, 1979),68Yofor the southem Great Barrier occurred in the Indian Ocean; the former were distrib- Reef @ussell, 1983), 7lo/oforMaiana Islands (Myers, uted throughout the area while the latter group is I 988), and 69. 9oZ for Micronesia (Myers, 1 99 I ). This presently known to be restricted to the eastern to could be explained by differences in size of area in- middle parts, without extending into the western In- vestigated and also bias in collection methods. It is dian Ocean. likely that several species of minor families are not Four species, whichjust recently have been well represented in the present study. described, are pres€ntly known only from the Andaman Sea. Among these fishes, 3 species are more specifi- In almost all studies of the Indo-Pacific, the cally known only from the west coast of Thailand. 20 most speciose families are ranked similarly, espe- Pomacentrus alleni is only known from the Similan cially when dealing with the top l0 families (Allen and Island (Aller4 I99l). Ecsenius lubbocki (Springer, 1988) Steene, 1979; Russell, 1983; Myers, 1988, 1991). The and Pomacentrus polyspinus (Allen, 1991) are known Gobiidae is the most qpeciose family while the Labridae only from the vicinity of Phuket. However, from freld and Pomacentridae are the second and third ranking observation, E. lubbocki was also found firther south families, respectively. In this study Gobiidae had the to Trang Province. P polyspinus resembles p adelus third rank among the speciose families. The high rank- in general appearance. Thus without aid of specimen ing in Pomacentridae and Labridae, however, is in ac- examination it is still hard to know the distribution of cordance with the general finding from the Indo-Pa- this species. cific. For the gobiids, the present result is not surpris- ing since most ofthem are cryptic andburrowing spe- In order to describe how common the spe- cies which are often missed by sighting. This may cies were within the area, data on distribution offishes also be true for crJptic fishes of the family Blenniidae. observed among 26 reefsites were analyzed based on The result for both gobiids and blenniids, however, percentage of occurrence. Four levels of commonness are markedly higher than those of previous studies in were established: rare (< 10% of the reefs), uncommon the area where few species of each family were repre- (llo/v3}Vo),common(317o-69Yo),and,verycommon sented (Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980). For future (>70yo). Literature records of fishes, which not were work, more effective sampling methodg as reviewed never observed in the present field study, were in- in Russell et al ., 1978, should be taken into account. cluded in the category ofrare species.

I consider 400 species to have adequately About 36% ofthe fauna could be classified known distribution to be included in a zoogeographi- usverycornmon (45 species) orcommon (101 species) cal analysis (Table a). These considerations are mainly species. The vast majority (64%d of the fishes were along the lines of Myers (1991) and Randall e/ a/., rue (162 species) or uncommon ( 104 qpecies) species. (ree0b). It is notable that some uncommon species might be Six species (I.5%) have widest distribution, viz. more common in particular zones within reefs. At any circumtropical. The largest category consists ofspe- single site, species which were not observed during Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no. 12(1993) 7l

the first visit, were common in a subsequent study of 427). Recently, Monkolprasit (1989) has reported B. the site. Furthermore, photographic records and ob- luteopunctatuJ as a new record for the Andaman Sea servation of fishes at the PMBC aquarium have been but the picture clearly was the Bodianus sp. Bodianus major sources of information for the uncommon and luteopunctafus is most likely a synonym of B. rare species. The explanation mightbe that those qpe- leucostictus. cies were mainly collected from particular reef sites where field observations were not performed. Until The Apogon sp. I was illustrated by Burgess an intensive survey and collection, using a variety of and Axelrod, ( 1 975b; p. l 440,fig. 88) as Ar chami a sp. effective sampling methods, have been carried out and recentlyby Burgess et al., (1990 p.232.2nd top the fish fuana along the west coast of Thailand will left picture) asApogon sp. remain incompletely known. Tlte Cryptocentrus sp.was recognized in two CONCLUDINGREMARKS colouration forms of brown and golden-brown illus- trated by Allen and Steene, (1987; p. 111) as Although the present study contained more Cryptocentrus fasciatus and, C. cinctus, respectively. species of reef fishes than previously reported from Both pictures were taken at Phuket. the area, verification ofidentification based on speci- men examination, is neccessitated. The results are The Pomadasys sp. l, has never been illus- mainly based on sighting record which can only be trated elsewhere. I found it several times at reef sites regarded as valid ifthe species involved cannot be at Phuket (i.e. Patong Bay, KataBay and Karon Bay) confused with other species. Furthermore, expertise and also further north to Phana-Nga Province at of the observer was also involved. Collecting based Hinkrung Nok. The above four species need further on effective methods should be initiated to comple- identification. ment and verit the faunal lists. It is concluded that without accurate taxo- The zoogeographical analysis showed that nomic work, studies involving reef fishes will inwita- there is some similarity of the fish fauna of the bly be obstructed. There is still a lot to do for fish Andaman Sea and the high species richness of Indo- taxonomist in Thai waters, particularly in the Andaman Malayan, Indo-Australian and also Western Pacific Sea, including all its related provinces. It is my hope region as a whole, but that the Andaman Sea also that there will be more joint research, and that training contains its own characteristic fauna of the Indian courses or workshops will be arranged in the future. Ocean. New species maybe added on account of some problematic, unidentified species. These species were ACKNO\ilLU)GNVIENTS often found during census surveys (cf. Table l) and include Bodianus sp.l, Apogon sp.l, Cryptocentrus I sincerely thank the following persons for sp. l, and P omadasys sp. I (see plate 8). All, except the comments to my checklists and identifications of reef Pomadasys sp., have been illustrated in colour in some fishes: Dr. G.Allen, the Westem Australian Museum, documents, but, however, mostly misidentifi ed. Dr. J.E.Randall the Bishop Museum, Dr. RJ.McKay, the Queensland Museum. I am also grateful to Dr The Bodianu.r sp., was once illustrated as Jorgen Hylleberg for reading and commenting the Bodianus luteopunctatzs by Burgess and Axelrod manuscript. Finally I thankDr. llansa Chansang, head (1975a p. 589, frg. 29-31). It was later corrected as of the Marine Ecology Section at the PMBC, for en- unidentifi ed B o di anus sp. by Burges s e t al. (1990, p. couragement during my study of reef fishes. 72 Taxonomy and biologl of fishesfrom the Andaman Sea

Table l. Records of fishes species from reef habitats in the Andaman Sea. Presence and absence of species at each reef area is expressed by + and -, respe-ctively. Bold species name indicates a new record for the area. Abbreviations : A : records from PMBC aquarium P: photographic records M : soecimens collected and examined

REEF AREA References TAXA IIIIIIIvVVIVII APM

1. CARCHARHINIDAE * Carcharhinus melanopterus (Quoy & Gaima, 1824) f-

2. HEMIGALEIDAE * Triaenodon obesas (Ruppell, 1835) 3. STEGOSTOMITIDAE Stegostoma fasciatum (Hermann, 1783) 4. DASYATIDAE Taeniura lymma (Forsskal, I775)

5. ACANTHURIDAE Acanthurus bariene Lesson, 1830 + + + + A. leucosternon Bennett. 1832 + + + + + + + + ; A. Iineatus (Linnaeus, 1758) + + + + + + + + + A. mata (Cuvier, 1829) + + f + + A. nigricauda Duncker & Mohr, 1929 + + ; + A. pyroferus Kittlitz, 1834 + + A. triostegus (Linnaeus, 1758) ; + ; + A. xanthopterus Valenciennes, 1835 + a ; ; + Ctenochaetus binotatils Randall, 1955 + + + + + + C. striatus (Quoy & Gaimar4 1825) + f + + + Naso brevirostris (Valenciennes, 1835) + N. hexacanthus (Bleeker, 1855) ; + N. lituratus (Bloch & Schneider, l80l) ; + N. looezi Hene. 1927 ; N. tiynnoides (Valenciennes, I 835) + N. unicornis (Forsskal ,1775) + + ; Zebrasoma desjar dinii (Bennett, I 835) + Z. scopas (Cuvier, 1829) + + +

APOGONIDAE Apogon compressus (Smith & Radcliffe, 1912) + + + + A. cyanosoma Bleeker, 1853 + + + + + + + A. fleurieu (Lacepede, 1801) + A. frenatus Valenciennes, 1832 + + + A. fuscus Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 + + A. kallopterus Bleeker, 1856 + + + A. leptacanthus Bleeker, 1856 + + A. oseudotaeniatas Gon. 1986 + A.'taeniophorus Regan, 1905 + + + + + Apogon sp.l + + + + Archamia fucala (Canton, 1850) ; + + + ; + + + A. lineolata (Cuvier, 1828) + + + + Cheilodipterus arrzs Smit[ 1960 + + + C. lachneri (Klausewitz, 1959) + ; ; C. macrodon (Lacepede, 1802) + + + + + ; + + + C. quinquelinealus Cuvier, 1828 + + + + + + + + + C. zonatus Smith & Radclilfe. 1912 + Rhabdamia gracilis (Bleeker, 1856) ; + 1 ALOSTOMIDAE Aulostomus chinensis (Linnaeus, 1758) BALISTIDAE Balistapus undulatus (Park, 1797) + + + + + Balistoides conspicillum (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) + + + B. viridescens (Bloch & Schneider, 1801 + - + + + Melichthys indicus Frandall & Klausewitz, 1973 + Odonus nrger (Ruppell, 1837) + ; + Rhinecanthus rectangulus Bloch & Schneider, 1801 + Phuket mar biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no. 12(1993) 73

REEF AREA References TAXA IIIIIIIVVVI VIIAPM

Pseudobalistes lscrs (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) ;-:------:' -- ;- .-l- Sufilamen chrysopterus (Bloch & Schneider, l80l) S. frenatus (Latrielle, 1804) +- : :- l 9, BELONIDAE Tylosurus crocodilus crocodilus (Peron & Lesueur, 1821) +- IO. BLENNIIDAE Aspidontus dussumieri (Valenciennes, 1836) Astrosalarias fuscns (Ruppell, 1835) + + Cirripectes castaneus (Valenciennes, 1836) + + ; ; Ecsenius bicolor (Day, 1888) ; + + + + + E. Iubbocki Springer, 1988 + + + + E. paroculus Springer, 1988 ; + Exallias brevls (Kner, 1868) + Istiblennius dussumieri Valenciennes, 1836 ; + I. periophthalmrs (Valenciennes, 1836) ; Meiacanthus smitfri Klausewitz, 1916 + + + ; + + + Petroscirtes breviceps (Valenciennes, I 836) + + Plagiotremus phenax Smith-Vaniz, 1976 + + ; + ; P. rhinorhinchos (Bleeker, 1852) f + + P. tapeinosoma (Bleeker, 1857) + + Salarius fasciatls (Bloch, 1786) + II. CAESIONIDAE Caesio caerulaurea Lacepede, l80l + + + + + + + + f C. cuning (Bloch, l79l) + + + + + + + + + + C. lunaris Cuvier, 1830 + + + + + + C. terres Seale, 1906 + C. varilineata Carpenter, 1987 ; C. xanthonota Bleeker, 1853 ; + + ; ; Pterocaesio chrysozona (Cuvier, 1830) + + + + + + + + + P lile (Cuvier, 1830) + + + + + 12. CALLIONYMIDAE Callionymus sp.

13. CARANGIDAE Alectis indicus (RupPell, 1830) Atule mate (Cuvier, 1833) + Carangoides ferdla (Forsskal, 1775) + + C. orthogrammns (Jordan & Gilbert, 1881 + Carangoides sp. + + Caranx melampygus Cuvier, 1833 + + + C. sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 Caranx sp. + ; Elagatis bipinnulatus (Quoy & Gaimard, + + Scombroides tol (Cuvier, 1832) + + + Selaroides leptolepis (Cuvier, 1833) + + Trachinotus bailloni (Lacepede, 1801) + + + T. blochii (Lacepede, 1801) + +

I4. CENTRISCIDAE Aeoliscus strigatus (Gunther, 1 860)

I5. CHAETODONTIDAE Chaetodon auriga Forsskal, 17'75 + + + + + + + C. collare Bloch, 1787 + + ; + + + + + + + C. decussatus Cuvier, 1831 + + + + + + C. guttatissimus Bennett, 1832 + + C. lineolatus Cuvier. l83l + + + + + + + C. lunula (Lacepede, 1803) + + + + + + + C. melannotus Bloch & Schneider, 1801 + + C. meyeri Schneider, 1801 + + + C. octofasciatus Bloch, 1787 + + + + + + + + + C. oxycephalus Bleeker, 1853 74 Taxonomy and biologt of fishesfrom the Andaman Sea

REEF AREA References TAXA IIIIIIIVV vr ui APM

C. -raf/lesiolebeius Cuvier. 1831 ttfi + ++ t- ;- l' C. Bennett, 1830 -+ +-+ C. triangulum Cuvier, 1831 ++++ fti C. trifuscialis Quoy & Gaimard, 1825 ++++ + +++ C. trtfasciatus Park 1797 ++++ + ++ +++ C. vagabundus Linnaeus, 1758 fi + -+ + C. xanthocephalus Bennett, 1832 + Coradion chrysozonus (Cuvier, 1831) + + Forcipiger flavrssimzs Jordan & Gregor, 1898 I Hemitaurichthys zoster (Bennett, I 83 l) + + + Heniochus acilminatus (Linnaeus, 1758) + + + + + + t + + + H. pleurotaenia Ah| 1923 + + + + H. singularius Smith & Radcliffe, 1911 + + + + + + + + Parachaetodon ocellatus (Cuvier, 1831) + l6 CIRRHITIDAE Cirrhitichthys oxycephalus (Bleeker, 1855) + Paracirrhites fosreri (Schneider, 1 801) + DIODONTIDAE Diodon ilsrrlx Linnaeus, 1758 + + + + + + + + D. liturosus ShaW 1804 + + + + + + + + i

18. ECHENEIDIDAE Echeneis nailcrates Linnaeus, 1758 I9. EPHIPPIDAE Platax orbicularis (Forsskal, 1775) + + + + + P. pinnatus (Linnaeus, 1758) + + P telra (Forsskal, 1775) ; ; ; 20. FISTULARIIDAE Fistularia commersonii Ruppell, 1838

2I. GERREIDAE ?Gerres acinaces Bleeker. 1854 2G. lucidus Cuvier, 1830

22, GOBIESOCIDAE Diademichthys lineatils (Sauvage, 1883)

23. GOBIIDAE Amblyeleotris diagonalis Polunin & Lubboch, 1979 + A. steinitzi (Klausewitz, 1974) i Amblygobius hectori (Smith, 1960) ; + ; + + + A. nocturnus (Herre, 1945) + + + + A. phalaena (Valenciennes, 1837) + + Asterropteryx semipunctatus Ruppell, 1828 + Bryaninops sp. Cryptocentrus fasciatils (Playfair & Gunther, 1867) + + C. Leptocephalus Bleeker, 1876 t + + C. octdasciatus Regan ,l906 + + + C. strigilliceps (Jordan & Seale, 1906) + + + Cryptocenlrus sp. I + + Ctenogobiops aurocingulus (Herre, 1935) + C. feroculus Lubbock & Polunin, 1977 + + Exyrias bellissimus (Smith, 1959) + ; + Fusigobius longispinus Goren, 1978 Fusigobius sp. Gobiodon quinquestrigatrzs (Valenciennes, 1837) ; G. rivulatus (Ruppell, 1828) + Isti gob ius decoratus (Herre, 1927) + I. ornatus (Ruppell, 1830) + + + + ; ; Trimma striata (Herre, 1945) + Valenciennea mularis Valenciennes, 1837 ; + V puellaris (Tomiyama, 1956) + V sexguttata (Valenciennes, 1837) + + V strigatus (Broussonet, 1782) Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no. 12(j,993) 75

REEF AREA References TAXA I ; ti lv t vI vri A -i ; 24. GRAMMISTIDAE Diploprion bifasciatum Kuhl & Van Hasse in Cuvier Valenciennes. 1828 Grammistes sexlineatils (Thunberg, 1792) 25. HAEMULIDAE Diagramma pictum (Thunberg, 1792) + + + f Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides Lacepede, 1800 + + + + + P. diagrammus (Linnaeus, 1758) + P. gibbosus (Lacepede, 1802) + + + + ; + P. orientalis (Bloch, 1793) i + + + + P. pictus (Tortonese, 1935) + Pomadasys furcatas (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Pomadasys sp.l 26. HAEMIRAMPHIDAE Hemirhamphus sp.

27. HOLOCENTRIDAE Myriplistis adustus Bleeker, 1853 + M. hexagonatus (Lacepede, 1802) + + + + M. murdian (Forsskal, 1775) + + f Neoniphon sammara (Forsskal, 1775) Sargocentron caudimaculatun (Ruppell, 1835) + S. rubrum (Forsskal, 1775) + 28. KYPHOSIDAE Kyphosus cinerascens (Forsskal, 1775) + + K. vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) + i f 29. LABRIDAE Anampses caeruleopunctatus Ruppell, 1828 A, melanurus melanurus Bleeker, 1857 f + A. meleagrides Valenciennes, 1839 + Bodianus axillaris (Bennett, I 83 1) + + + + + + B. diana (Lacepede, 1801) + + + + + + B. mesothorax (Bloch & Scbneider, l80l) ; + + + + + ; + + Bodianus sp.l + + + + I f + Cheilinus chlorourus (Bloch, 1791) + + I + + + + C. digrammus (Lacepede, 1801) ; + + + + + + C. fasciatus (Bloch, 1791) + + + + + + + C. oxycephalus Bleeker, 1853 + + + + C. trilobatus Lacepede, l80l ; ; + + i ; + C. undulatus Ruppell, 1835 + + Cirrhilabrus .cyanopleura (Bleeket, 185 l) + ; + Coris aygula Lacepede, l80l + C. gaimard (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) + + + + + C. schroederi (Bleeker, 1858) + + + + + + Diproctacanthus xanthurus (Bleeker, 1856) + Epibulus insidiator (Pallas, 1770) + + + + + + Gomphosus caeruleus Lacepede, l80l + + + + + + + Halichoeres argas (Bloc[ l79l) + + + + + + + H. chloropterus (Bloch, 1791) i + + H. hortulanus (Lacepede, 1801) + + ; + ; + + + + H. kallochroma (Bleeker, 1853) + + + H. leucoxanthus Randall & Smith 1982 H. martaritacens Valenciennes, I 839 + + H. mar:ginatus RupPell, 1835 + + + + H. nebulosus (Valenciennes, 1839) + H. nigrescens (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) + + l + + H. scapularis (Bennett, 1831) + + + + H. timorensis (Bleeker, 1852) + + + + + + ; H. vrolikii (Bleeker, 1855) + + + + + + + + + Hemigltmnus fasciatus (Bloch, 1792) + + + + H. melapterus (Bloc[ 179I) + + + + + f + Hologymnosus annulatus (Lacepede, 1 801) + + + Labrichthys unilineatus (Guichenot, 184 + + + + + + Labroides bicolor Fowler & Bearu 1928 + + + + + 76 Taxonomy and biologt of fishesfrom the Andaman Sea

REEF AREA References TAXA I IIIIIWVVIVIIA PM

L. dimidiatus (Valenciennes, 1839) + +++++T Leptojuli s cyanopleura (Bleeker, I 853) + Macropharyngodon ornatus Randall, 1978 Novaculichthys taeniourus (Lacepede, 1801) + Paracheilinus mccoskeri Randail & Harme-Vivian, 1977 + Pseudocheilinus hexataenia (Bleeker, 1857) ; + + + + + + Stethojulis bandanensis (Bleeker, l85l) + + S. interrupta (Bleeker, 1851) ; + ; S. strigiventer (Bennett, 1832) + + S. trilineatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) ; + + ; ; + + Thalas soma hardwicke (Bennett, 1828) + ; + + + + + T. janseni (Bleeker, 1851) + + + T. lunare (Linnaeus, 1758) + + ; ; + ; + + + Xyrichthys pavo (Valenciennes, 1839) + +

30 LETHRINIDAE Lethrinus erythropterus Valenciennes, 1830 + + L. harak (Forsskal, 1775) + + + + L. lentjdn (Forsskal, 1775) + L. olivaceus Valenciennes. 1830 + L. ornatils Valenciennes, 1830 + + + + Monotaxis grandoculis (Forsskal, 1775) + 3l LUTJANIDAE Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsskal, l7 I + + + + + + L. biguttatus (Valenciennes, 1830) + + f + + + + L. bohar (Forsskal, 1775) + ; + + L. decussatus (Cuvier, 1828) t + t + + + + + L. fulviJlamma (Forsskal, 1775) t + + + + + L, fulvus (Schneider, 1801) f + + + + + L. gibbus (Forsskal, 1775) + L. lutjanus Bloch, 1790 + ; ; + + L. madras (Valenciennes, 1831) 1 + L. quinquelineatus Blocly l79O + + ; + + L. rivulatus (Cuvier, 1828) + L. russelli (Bleeker, 1849) t + + Macolor n rger (Forsskal, 1775) + + + Symphorichthys spilurus (Gunther, 1874) Symphorus nematophorus (Bleeker, I 860)

5/ MALACANTHIDAE Malacanthus latorittatus (Lacepede, 1801)

JJ MICRODESMIDAE Ptereleotris evides (Iordan & Hubbs, 1925) + P. microlepis (Bleeker, 1856) +

34. MONACANTHIDAE Aluterus scriptus (Osbeck, 1765) C antherhines pardalis (Ruppell, I 837) i Oxymonacanthils longirostlis (Bloch & Schneider, l80l)

35. MONODACTYLIDAE Monodactylus argenteus (Linnaeus, 1758)

36. MUGILIDAE Crenimugil crenilabris (Forsskal, 1775) + Liza vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) + Oedalechilus labiosus (Valenciennes, 18

37. MULLIDAE Mulloides Jlavolineatus (Lacepede, l80l) Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Spec Publ. no. I2(1993)

REEF AREA References TAXA l II III IV V \'I VIIAPM M. vanicolensis (Valenciennes, 183 l) + Parupeneus barberinus (Lacepede, I 80 1) + P. bifasciatus (Lacepede, 1801) + P. cyclostomus (LacePede, l80l) + P. indicus (Shaq 1803) + +- P. macronema (Lacepede, 1801) + ++ + P. pleurostigma (Bennett, 1830) t Upeneus tragula Richardson, 1846 + ++ +

38. MURAENIDAE Gymnomuraena zebra (Shaw, 1797) Gymnothorax flavageneus Schneider, 1801 G. /Iavimarginatus (Ruppell, 1828) G. frimbriatus (Bennett, 1832) G. javanicus (Bleeker, 1859) ++ + G. permistus (Smith, 1962) +- Gymnothorax sp. -+ Sideria thyrsoidea (Richardson, 1844)

39, NEMIPTERIDAE Pentapodus sp. I + -+ Scolopsis bilineatus (Bloch, 1793) + iff + + S. ciliatus (Lacepede, 1802) + fff f + S. lineatus Quoy & Gaimard 1824 -+ S. margaritifer (Cuvier, 1830) S. monogramma (Kuhl & Van Hasselt in Cuvier and + + f Valenciennes, 1830) S. vosmeri (Bloch 1792) + S. xenochrous Gunther, 1874 +

40. OSTRACIIDAE Lactoria cornuta (Linnaeus, 1758) + + + Ostracion cubicus Linnaeus, 1758 + + + O. meleagris meleagris Shaw, 1796 + + +

4I. PEMPHERIDAE Pempheris vanicolensis Cuvier, 1 83 I

42. PINGUIPEDIDAE Parapercis clathrata Ogilby, 1910 + P. hexopthalma (Cuvier, 1829) +

43. PLATHYCEPHALIDAE Plathycephalus sp.

44. PLOTOSIDAE Plotosu s lineatus (Thunberg, 1787)

45. POMACANTHIDAE Centropyge eibli Klausewitz, 1963 + + C. Jlavipectoralis Randall & Klausewitz C. multispinis (Playfair. 1866) + Pomacanthus annularis (Bloch, 1787) + + + + + + + P. imperator (Bloch, 1787) + + + + + P. semicirculatus (Cuvier, 1831) + + + P. sexstriatus (Kuhl & Van Hassett in Cuvier and 78 Taxonomy and biologt of fishesfrom the Andaman Sea

REEF AREA References TAXA IIIIIIIVVUVII APM

Valanciennes, 1831) Pygoplite s di ac anthu s (Boddaert, 177 2)

46. POMACENTRIDAE Abudefduf bengalensis (Bloch, 1787) + + A. notatus (Day, 1869) + + A. septemfascialr.rs (Cuvier, I 830) + A. sordidus (Forsskal, 1775) + + + A. vaigien,sis (Quoy & Gairnard, 1825) + + + + +++ Amblyglyphidodon aureus (Cuvier, I 830) f + ++ A. leucogaster (Bleeker, 1847) + + + + +-+ Amphiprion akallopisos Bleeker, 1853 + TT + + + + +++ A. clarkii (Bennett, 1830) ++ + + A. ephippium (Bloch, 1790) + ++ + + +++ A. ocellaris Cuvier, 1830 i + ; + +++ Cheiloprion labiatus (Day, 1877) + + + Chromis atripectoralis Welander & Schultz, 1951 + + + + C. cinerascens (Cuvier, 1830) + +- + + C. dimidiatus (Klunzinger, 1871) + + C. flavipectoralis Randall, 1990 + + -+ + C. opercularis (Gunther, 1866) + C. ternatensis (Bleeker, 1856) + + rf ; + C. viridis (Cuvier, 1830) + + + C. weberi Fowler & Bean, 1928 + + + + +- + +- Chrysiptera leucopoma (Lesson, I 830) + + + C. rollandi (Whitley, 1961) + + + . TT + +- C. unimaculata (Cuvier, 1830) + + + Dascyllus aruanus (Linnaeus, 1758) + + + + + . D. carneus Fischer, 1885 + + + + + ++ + D. trimaculatus (Ruppell, 1828) ; + + + + t + Dischistodus perspicillatus (Cuvier, 1830) + + + + + + Hemiglyphidodon plagiometopon (Bleeker, 1852) + Neoglyphidodon melas (Cuvier, 1830) + + + N. nigroris (Cuvier, 1830) + + + + + + i- + Neopomacentrus anabatoides (Bleeker, 1847) + + + + + + N. azysron (Bleeker, 1877) + + + + + + + + N. cyanomos (Bleeker, 1856) + + + + + + N- flamentosus (Macleay, 1883) + + + + + +- Plectroglyphidodon dickii (Leinard, 1839) + + + + P. lacrymatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) + + + + + + + Pomacentrus adelus Allen, 199O + + + + + + + + P. alleni Burgess, l98l + P. amboinensis Bleeker, 1868 + + + + - + + P. azuremaculalzs Allen, 1990 + + + + + + P. chrysurus Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830 ; + + + + + + + P. lepidogenys Fowler & Bean, 1928 + + + + + + P. moluccensis Bleeker, 1853 + + + + + + + + ; P. nagasakiensis Tanaka, 1917 + + + + P. pavo (Bloch, 1787) + + + + + + ; P. philippinus Evermann & Seale, 1907 + + + + +- + + P. polyspinus Allen, 1990 + + P. similis Allen, 1990 + + + +- + + + + P. tripilnctatus Cuvier, 1830 + + + + + + Stegastes lrvidzs (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) + + S. nigricans (Lacepede, 1803) + + + S. obreptus (Whirley, 1948) + + + + . Phuket mar biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no. l2(;,993) 79

References TAXA APM

P. amboinensis Bleeker, 1868 i P. azuremaculatus Allen, 1990 +

P. chrysurus Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830 f P. lepidogenys Fowler & Bean, 1928 P. moluccensis Bleeker, 1853 +++ P. nagasakiensis Tanaka, 19l7 P. pavo (Bloch, 1787) P. philippinus Evermann & Seale, 1907 P. polyspinus Allen, 1990 P. similis Allen, 1990 P. tripunctatus Cuvier, 1830 Stegastes llvidas (Bloch & Schneider, l80l) S. nigricans (Lacepede, 1803) S. obreptus (Whitley, l9a8)

47. PRIACANTHIDAE Priacanthus hamrur (Forsskal, 1775)

48. PSEUDOCHROMIDAE Pseudochromis fsczs Muller & Troschel, 1849

49. SCARIDAE Bolbometopon muricatum (Valenciennes, 1839) + Cetoscarus bicolor (Ruppell, 1829) -+ + S. frenatus Lacepede, 1802 -+ -+ - +- S. ghobban Forsskal, 1775 + ++ + + + -+ S. niger Forsskal, 1775 + ff + + + ++ S. prasiognathos Valenciennes, 1839 + Tf + +- S. quoyi Valenciennes, 1840 + ++ + + + -+ S. rubroviolacens Bleeker. 1847 + ++ + + -+ S. russelli Valenciennes, 1840 + -+ -+ + S. scaber Valenciennes, 1840 + -+ + + S. sordidus Forsskal, 1775 + if + ; + S. strongylocepralns Bleeker, 1854 + -+ +- + S. tricolor Bleeker, 1849 + S. troschellii Bleeker. 1853 ; -+ +- +

50. SCOMBRIDAE Gymnosarda unicolor (Ruppell, I 838)

5I. SCORPAENIDAE Dendrochirus zebra (C:uvier, 1829) + Inimicus didactylus (Pallas, 1769) + Pterois antennata (Bloch, 17 87) + + + + + P. miles (Bennett, 1828) + + + + + + + P. radiata Cuvier, 1829 + Scorpaenopsis oxycephala (Bleeker, 1849 Synanceia horrida (Linnaeus, 1766) + Synanceia verrucosa Bloch & Schneider, l80l + +

52. SERRANIDAE Aethaloperca rogaa (Forsskal, 1775) Anyperodon leuc o grammi cus (Valenciennes, I 828) Cephalopholis argas (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) C. boenak (Bloctr, 1790) C. formosa (Shaw & Nodder, l8l2) 80 Taxonomy and biologl of fishesfrom the Andaman Sea

REEF AREA References TAXA IIIIIIIVVVIVIIAPM

E. fasciatus (Forsskal, 1775) E. fuscoguttatus (Forsskal, 1775) E. hexagonatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) E. lanceolatus (Bloch, 1790) E. malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) E. merra Bloctr- 1793 -+ + E. ongus (Bloch, 1790) -+ + E. polyphekadron (Bleeker, 1849) E. quoyanus (Valenciennes, 1830) ++ +- E. tuavina (Forsskal, 1775) -+ Plectropomus maculatus (Bloch, 1790) ++ Pseudanthias evansl (Smith, 1954) P. ignitus (Randall & Lubbock, 1981) + P. squamipinnis (Peters, 1855) +

53, SIGANIDAE Siganus canaliculatus (Park, 1797) + f t i i + + -+ S. guftatus (Bloch, 1787) + + + + + + +- S. javus (Linnaeus, 1766) + I + + + + + -+ S. lineatus (Valenciennes, 1835) + S. magnifcus (Burgess, 1977) + ; + S. pkulloides Woodland & Randall, 1979 + + + + S. vermiculatus (Valenciennes, 1835) + + + S. virgatus (Valenciennes, 1835) + +

54. SOLENOSTOMIDAE Solenostomus cyanopterus Bleeker, 1852

55. SPHYRAENIDAE Sphyraena baracuda (Walbaum, 1792) + S. obtusata Cuvier, 1829 + + + +

56. SYNGNATHIDAE Corythoichthys haematopterus (Bleeker, 1851)

57. SYNODONTIDAE Saurida gracilis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) + + + + Synodus variegatus (Lacepede, 1803) + + + + + + +

58. TETRAODONTIDAE Amblyrhynchotus hypselogenelon (Bleeker, 1852) Arothron hispidus (Linnaeus, 1758) A. mappa (Lesson, 1826) A. nigropunctafns (Bloch & Schneider, l80l) A. stellatus (Bloch & Schneider, l80l) Canthigaster solandri (Richardson, 1844)

59, ZANCLIDAE Zanclus cornutus (Lirmaeus, 1758) +

Total number of species 111 r4t 233 23t 191 115 235 203 109 150 Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no. I2(1993) 8I

Table 2. Literature survey of reef fishes from lhe Andaman Sea

The followinq,records.have been extracled from earlier publications dealing with the Andaman Sea reeffishes or coastal ., ln general. wnere otner nuunes than the curTen tery,tones have geeg been used- the cunenl name is fnllnwad hrr /=\ enzl 1:*,':.q::f:!^Yl"'"^-t:.'_:g: lla_rp ly:l |iav". u."djiiI .u;;"t ilili; 6ir^;q bi ?'ll';"; misidentified soeciesspecies,.or or synonyms are indicated_by indent and (in) after'the species name, questionabGir iJribtful r""ord. rrom rne area are lndlcaled questlon by.a marks belore the species name. The fishish families ivhichwhich were not Dresentpresent in mymv owno survey(Table l) are marked witll-an asterisk

TAXON REFERENCES ACANTHURIDAE Acanthurus (Fowler. thompsoni 1923) Allen and Steene, 1987. Ctenochaetus striposus'(Benneit. t gZiti (Valenciinnes. Monkolprasit and Sontirat. 1980. Naso vlaminlii tb35) Nateewathana er al.. l98l'. Paracanthus-hejatus lLimaels, t Z5ay Muchachiev, 1989.' Zebrasoma (Benneit. ? 'possiblyflivescens l8Z'8) Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980 This is confused with Z. scopas (Cuvier & Valenciennes), a closely bv-related spe.cies distributed throughout the- Indb-pacific, whlle Z. flavescens is restricted to the Pacific Plate from Hawaii (Randall to the Ryukw- - Islands et al., 1990; Myer, l99l). Zebrasoma veliferuti (Bloch, i 797) Nateewathana et al., l98l *ANTENNARIIDAE Muchachiev, 1989.

Antennarius hispidus- (Schneider, 1801) Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980. Atennarius so. Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980. APOGONIDAE Apopgon aureus (Laceoede, 1802) Randall er al.,1990. Apopon camobelli Smith Monkolprasit and Sontirat. 1980. A'poion fasciatus (Shaw, lTgO) = Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980 Apogon quadrifasciatu s (Cuvier | 825) Lohakarn, 1967. Picture in Lohakarn (1967) was checked. Apogon hyalosoma Bleekdr, 1852 Suvatti,1950. Fowleria aurita (Yalenciennes, l83l) Apogon auritus Yalenciennes in Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980. FowTeria variegata (Valenciennes, I 832) = ApoRon variepatus Valenciennes in BALISTiDI,E Nateewathana et al., 1981. Abalistes stellatus (I-aceoede. 1789) = Balistes stellaris Bloch & Scimeidei. l80t in Lohakam, 1967: Monkolorasit The picture in Lohakarn (1976) and speclmens and Sontirat, 19i10: Natee'wathana referred to by Nateewathana er al. (198i) were et al., (1981) clearlv confirmed. Canthiderriis maculatus (Btoch, 1786) : Canthidermi s rotundatus' (Porce) in Nateewathana et al., 1981. I followed the nomenclature of Mutsuura (1980). Melichthys vidza (Solander, 1844) Randall and Klausewitz, 1973. Rhinecanthus aculeatus (Linnaeui, 1758) = Balistes aculeatus Lrnnaeus rn Monkolprasit BLENNIIDAE and Sontirat, 1980. 4spidontus taeniatus Quoy and Gaimard 1834 : Petroscirtes taeniatus (Qubv & Gaimard) in Monkolprasit Cirripectes and Sontirat. 1980 alrirls Carlsbn- 1980 Carlson, 1980t Williams. ig8g. Cirripectes filamen.tosus (Alleyne & Macley, lg77) Williams, C_trripectes 1988. stigmaticus Straburg & Schultz,'1953 :' Williams. 1988. Cirripectes vaiolosus (Valenciennes) in Allen and Steene. 1987. The same picture re-illustrated in Burgess et al. (1991) was correct to be C. stipmdficus. The reason that could well supporiis that C. valiolosus is distributed restriiilv to e. Australia (William, 1988). Istiblennius edentatus (Forster, iBROTULIDAE I 801) Allen and Steene, 1987. , Dinematichthys iloucoeteoidesBleeker, 1855 Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980 CAESIONIDAE Pterocaesio randalli Camenter. 1987 Carpenter,1988. Pterocaesio so. Allen and Steene. 1987. Burgess et.al.' (1991) idenrify the picture of tnrs specles to be P. randalli Carpenter. CARANGIDAE Carangoides armatus (Ruppell. 1830) = Carani armatus lnuppill; in Lohakarn, 1967 Selar crume nophihairius' (Bloch. I 793) = C (Blobh) aranx crumehophthalnrzi in' Lohakarn, 1967 Carangoides malabaricus (Bloch d. Schneider, lg0l) : 82 Taconomy and biologt of fishesfrom the Andaman Sea

Caranx marbaricus (Bloch & Schneider) in Lohakarn, 1957. Alepes melanoptera Swainson, 1839 = Cai'anx malam (Bleeker) in Lohakarn. 1967. Caranpoides gymnoslethus (Cuvier, 1833) : Caranl gymn6stethoides (Bleeker, I 85 l)'in Nateewathana et al.. 1981. Carangoides oblongus (Cuvier, 1833) Nateewathana et al.. 1981. Trachinotus russelli Cuvier, 1832 Nateewathana et al., 1981. *CYNOGLOSSIDAE Paraplagusia bilineatus (Bloch, I 787) Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980. CHAETODONTIDAE Chaetodon citrinellus Cuvier. l83l Muchachiev, 1989. Chaetodon falcula Bloch, 1793 Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980; Boonyanate and Chantrapornsyl, I 985. Chaniang et al., 1989; Muchaihiev, 1989. Chaetodon kleini Bloch, 1790 Boonyanate and Chantrapornsyl, 1986: Chaniang et al.,1989. Chaetodon ornatissimils Solander in Cuvier, 1831 Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980. Chaetodon semeion Bleeker, 1855 Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980. Chelmon rostratus (Linnaeus, 1758) Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980. Forcipiger longirostris (Broussonet, 1782) Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980; Muchachiev. 1989. Heniochus monoceros Cuvier, 1831 Chansang et al.,1989. DIODONTIDAE Diodon holacanthus Linnaeus. 1758 Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980; Nateewathana et al., 1981. Chilomycterus orbicularis (Blocb 1785) GOBIIDAE Amblyeleotris sp. Allen and Steene, 1987. Gnatholepis sp. Allen and Steene, 1987. Gobiodon citrinus (Ruppell, 1838) Gobiodon erythrospilus Bleeker Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980. Myers (19E1) referred to G. erythrospilus Bleeker as a synonym of G. citrinus (Ruppell). Gobiodon histrio (Yalenciennes, 1837) Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980; Gobiopsis quinquecincta (Smith. 1913) Suvatti, 1950; Lachner and McKinney, 1978 rrcurostcya sp. Allen and Steene, 1987. Bryaninops sp. Allen and Steene, 1987. GRAMMISTIDAE Ponoperca punctata (Valenciennes, 1830) Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980. HAEMULIDAE Pomadasys grunnieus (Schneider) Suvatti, 1950. Pomadasys olivaceum (Day, 1875) : Pomadasys olivaceus (Day) in Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980. *HEMISCYLLIDAE Chiloscyllium griseum Muller & Henle, 1838 Monkolprasit and Sontirat. 1980. Chilosiyllium Tndicum (Gmelin, 1789) Monkolbrasit and Sontirat: 1980. Chiloscyllium plagiosum (Bennet, 1830) Monkolirasit and Sontirat; 1980. Chitosiyllium pun"ctatum Muller & Henft, 1838 Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980. KYPHOSIDAE Kyphosus kmbus (Cl'tvier) Nateewathana et al., 1981. LABRIDAE Anamoses melanurus lineatus Randall 1972 Allen and Steene. 1987. C hei linu s oxyr hync hus Bleeker Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980; Monkolprasit. 1989. Coerodon robustus (Gunther, 1862) Nateewdthana et al., 1981. Halichoeres pardaleocephalus (Bleeker, 1849) Monkolprasit , 1989. Halichoeres poecilopterus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845) Monkolprasit , 1989. Halichoeres rridis Randall & Smith, 1983 Halichoeres so. in Allen and Steene, 1987. I followed Burgess et at., 1991. Halichoeres trimaculatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) Wonewit et al., 1989- Hologymnosus doliatus (Lacepede, l80l) Randall. 1982. Labriopsis xanthonota Randall, l98l Allen and Steene. 1987. Leptojulis chrysotaenia Randall and Ferraris, 1981 Randall and Ferraris, 1981. (Bleeker. Leotoiulis cvanopleura 1853)- = H itliihoerei cvanopleura (Bleeker)'showed in Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980; Randall and F;rraris i1981) that Monkolprasit, 1989 L. cyanopleura was initially described in genus Julis, subgenus Halichoeres, in 1853 and was later traniferred to genus Halichoeres by De Beaufort (1939). Macropharyngodon melaegris (Valenciennes, 1839) Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980. Thalassoma amblycephalus (Bleeker, 1856) : Thalassoma melanoc hir (Bleeker) in Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980; T. melanochir (Bleeker) is a iunior svnonvm Monkolorasit. 1989 based on the te'rminal-rirale f6rm, as poinied out by Randall et al., (1990). Thalassoma lutescens (Lay & Bennett, 1839) Wongwit et al., 1989. Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no. I2(1993) 83

Thalassoma trilobatum (Lacepede, l80l) - Nateewathana et Thalassoma fuscum (Lacepede) iq., , al., l98l; T. fascim (Laceiede) is invalid due to Wongwit, et al., 1989. hohonymy(Raidall' et al., l99o). LETRINIDAE Lethrinus nebulosus (Forsskal, 1775) Chansang et al,1989. Lethrinus variegatus Valenciennes, 1830 Nateewathana et al.. 1981. LUTJANIDAE Aphareus rutilans Cuvier, 1830 Nateewathana et al., 1981. Aprion virescens Valenciennes, I 830 Banasopit, 1968; Nateewathana et a/., l98l Litjanus johnii (Bloch ,1792) Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980; Nateewathana et al.. 1981. Lutjanus kasmira (Forsskal, 1775) Banasopit, 1968; Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980; Nateewathana et al., l98l; Chansang et al.,1989. Lutianus lemniscatus (Valenciennes, 1828) : Banasopit,1968. Luitanus- tanthinuopterus (Bleeker) in Nateewathana et al., 1981. The-picture shown by Banas6pit (1968) and the mateiial referred to by Naleewathana et al. (1981) was checked.-Allen (1985) referred to L. janthinuopteras (Bleeker) as a synonym Lutjanus lunulatus Bloch 1790 Banasopit, 1968; Nateewathana et al., l98l; Allen and Steene, 1987. Luttanus monostigma (Cuvier, I 858) Nateewathana et al., 1981. Luiianus sebae (Cuvier, 1828; Lohakarn, 1967; Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980; Nateewathana et al.,l98l Lutjanus tiltd (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) Suvatti, 1950; Lohakarn, 1967; Banasopit, 1968; Nateewalhana el al., l98l: Allen and Steene. 1987. Paracaesio xanthurus (Bleeker, I 869) Nateewathana et al., 7981. Pinjalo pinjalo (Bleeker, 1850) Lohakarn, 1967; Nateewathana et al., 1981. P ri s ti p om o i de s typus Bleeker, 182 5 Banasopit, l968. (P (Bleeker) A Dr i on r i sl i Domono i de s ) lypns-Banasopit Nateewathana et aI., 1981. ' Piiture illustrated ih (1967) and material refered to by Nateewathana et al., (1981) was checked. I followed the nomenclature of Allen (1985). MONACANTHIDAE Monacanthus chinensis Osbeck, 1765 Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980; Nateewathana et al., 1981. Pseudomonacanthus macrurus (Bleeker, 1856) : Monacanthus macrurus Bleeker in Nateewathana et al., 1981. Chaetoderma spinossomus (Quoy & Gaimard 1924) - Monacanthus sPinossimus (Quoy & Gaimard) in Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980. MUGILIDAE Musi I olipolepis Bleeker Suvatti,1950. MuEil speisldri (Bleeker, 1858) Suvatti,1950. -b Va lamuki I uchan ani (Bleeker, I 8 53) Lohzkarn, 1967. Valamuiil sey'reir (Forsskal, 1775) = Musil ;aheh Forsdkal in Suvatti, 1950. Lizd subviridis (Valenciennes, 1836) : Muqil dus sumieri (Valenciennes) in Suvatti,1950. - Bhatia and Wongralana (1784\ and Thomson and Luther (1984) -regarded M. dussumieri (Valenciennes) as a s)monym. MULLIDAE Parupeneus cinnarbarinus (Cuvier, 1829) Parupeneus pleurospilos (Bleeker) Nateewathana et al.. 1981. 'I follo*ed the nomericlature bf Kumaran and Randall (1984) Upeneus sulphureus Cuvier, 1829 Nateewathana et al., 1981. Upeneus vitiatns (Forsskal, 1775) Suvatti, 1950; Nateewathana et al.,l98l MURAENIDAE Echidna polyzona (Richardson, 1844) Nateewathana et al., 1981. Echidna'neSulosa (Ath, 1789) Nateewathana et al., 1981. Echidna delicatula (KauP, 1856) Nateewathana et al., 1981. Gymnothorax undul'atu s- (Lacepede, I 803) Monkolprasit and Sontitat, 1980; Nateewathana et al., 1981. Gymnothorax pindae Smith, 1962 = lvfuraena (Pn ttd on ophi s) moluccen si s Bleeker in Monkolprasit and Sontitat, 1980. I foliowed the'nonienclature of Myers (1991). Gvmnothorax reticularis Bloch 1795 : fuiuraena (Priodonophis) reticularis (Bloch) in Monkolprasit and Sontitat, 1980. OSTRACIIDAE Rhynchostracion nasus (Bloch, 1785) : Oslracion nasas (Bloch) in Monkolprasit and Sontitat, 1980. O stracrcn (Rhynchostracion) na sus Bloch Nateewathana et at., 1981. 84 Taxonomy and biologt of fishes from the Andaman Sea

I followed the nomenclature of Myers (1991). Tetrosomus gibbosus (Linnaeus, 1758) Nateewathana et al., 1981. PEMPHERIDAE - Parapriacanthus ransonneti Steindachner, 1870 Allen and Steene, 1987. PINGUIPEDIDAE (: MUGILOIDIDAE) Parapercis cylindrica (Bloch, 1797) Allen and Randall, 1987. Parapercis millenunctata (Gunther. 1860) = P a raperci s qua dr i sp i nos a iWeber)'in Nateewathana et al., 1981. Heemstra (1984) regarded P. quadrispinosa (Weber) as a synonyrn of P. cephalopunctata (Seale), but R-andall et'al (1990) pointed'out that P. millepuncata (Gunther) is the validearlier name. PLATYCEPHALIDAE Platvcephalus so. Randall, 1987. ThVian'ophrvs oiaitensis (Cuvier. 1829) - Tiysandphiys papillolabium Schultz, igee in Wongratana, 1975 Randall et al.(1990) and Myers ( I 99 I ) regarded T. papillolabiim Schultz as a'syronyn- of T.'otititei nsi s (Cuvier). *PLESIOPIDAE Plesiop caeruleolineatus Ruppell, 1835 : Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980 Plesiop melas Bleeker in Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980 I followed the nomenclature of Myers (1991). POMACANTHIDAE Apolemichthys trimaculatus (l,acepede in Cuvier, l83l) : Holocanthus trimaculatus Cuvier & Valenciennes in Muchachiev, 1989. I followed the nomenclature of Randall et al.(1990).

Chaetodontoplus mesoleucus (Bloch, 1787) Muchachiev, 1989. Pomacanthus xanthometopon (Bleeker, 1853) Pomacanthoides xanthometoDdn Bleeker Chansang et al.,1989. POMACENTRIDAE Abudefduf sexfasciatus (Lacepede, 1802) : Abudefduf coeleslints (Cuvier & Valenciennes) in Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980; Allen i1978) showed thir A. coelestinus (Cwiler Chantrapornsyl and Boonyanate, 198 5; & Valenciennes) is a junior synonym. Wongwit et al., 1989. Amphtprion frenatus Brevoort, 1856 Muchachiev, 1989. Amphiprion sebae Bleeker, 1853 Chantrapornsyl and Boonyanate, 1985. Amphiprion perideraion Bleeker, 1855 Chansang et al.,1989; Wongwit et a1..1989. Amphiprion polymnus (Linnaeus, 1758) : Mon[olprasit and Sontirat, 1980; Muchachiev, 1989. Amphiprion laticlavius (Cuvier & Valenciennes) in Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980. I followed the nomenclature of Allen (1991). Amblvplvphidodon curacao (Bloch. 1787) - Abudeldif curacao (Bloch) iir Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980. Chromis amboinensis (Bleeker, 1873) : A b udefduf b i maculatu s (Macleav) in Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980. ifollowed the nombnclaturi'of Allen (1991). Chromis atripes Fowler & Bean, 1928 Allen, 1991. Chromis erelae Fowler & Bean, 1928 Allen,1991. Chrysiptera biocellata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) = Allen,1991. Abudefduf biocellata (Ouov & Gaimard) in Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980. Chrysiptdra cyanea (C,iviei, 1S30) : Chansang et al.,1989;' (Gunther) Abudefduf assimjfis in Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980. i followed the rio-menclaiture of Allen (1991). Chrysiptera talboti (Nlery 1975) Allen, 1991. ? Dascyllus reticuldtus (Richardlon, 1846) Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980; This species is possibly cofused withD. carneus Chantrapornsyl and Boonyanate, 198 5. Fisher, a closely related species of the Indian Ocean. Lepidozygus taepeinosama (Bleeker, 1856) Allen, 1991. ? Neopomacentrus bankieri (Richardson, 1846) Ab udefduf b a ntlerl (Richardson) Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980. The record of this species in the Andaman Sea is still doubtful. ? Neopomacentrus nemurus (Bleeker, 1857) Chantrapornsyl and Boonyanate, 1985; The record ofthis species in the Andaman Sea is still doubtful. It is possibly confused with N. azysron (Bleeker). Chansang et al.. 1989. Neopomacentrus taeniurus (Bleeker, 1856) Allen, 1991. Pomacentrus taeniurus Bleeiker in Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980. P I e c t o gly p_hi d o do n i mp a r i p e n sis (Vaillant & S auvage, Allen, 1991. l 875) Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no. I2(i,993) 85

Plectoglyphidodon johnstonianas Fowler & Ball, 1924 Nateewathana et al., l98l; Allen, 1991 Plectoqlyphidodon Leucozonus (Bleeker, 1859) = Nateswathana et al., l98l Allen, 1991 A b u deidif leucozonrzs (Bleeker) in Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980. Pomaienirus brachiali i Cuvier, I 830 Pomacentrus melanopterus Bleeker in Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980. Pomacentrus coelestis Jordan & Starks l90l Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980; Chantrapornsyl and Boonyanate, 1985 Pomacentrus litoralis Cuvier. 1830 Monkolprasit and Sontirat. 1980. Premnas biaculeatus (Bloch, 1790) = Allen.1991. Amphiprion biaculeatus (Bloch) in Muchachiev. 1989. Pristorts ierdoni (Dav. 1873\ Allen,1991. S te pa s n s' a I b i fasciarrii (Schl6sel and Muller. I 839-44 Allen, 1991. Stelastes fasiiolatus (De Vis,- | 834) Allen,1991. Te ixe i ri c hthy s j e rdoni (Rutter, 1897 ) Allen, 1991. PRIACANTHIDAE Heteropriacanlhus cruentatus (Lacepede, t80l) : Priacanthus boops (Schneider) in Nateewathana et al., 1981. P. broops (Schneider), is a junior synonym of H. cruentatas, as pointed out by Staenes (1988). Priacanthus macracanthus Cuvier, I 829 Nateewathana et al.. 1987. Priacanthus tayenils Richardson, 1846 Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980; Nateewathana et al., 1981. SCARIDAE 7 Scarus rivulatus (Valenciennes, 1839) S c aru s fa sc i atus Valenciennse Muchachiev, 1989. The illustration by Muchachiev (1989) was checked. Randall and Choai (1980) showed, thai S. fasciatus Valenciennes is a synonym. Report of this species in the Andaman Sea is, however, doubtful since Choat and Randall (1986) stressed that S. rivulatus is widespread in the westem Pacific but does not extend inlo the Indian Ocean. From my field observation, it is very common in the Gulf of Thailand but still never observed in the Andaman Sea. SCORPAENIDAE Paracentropogon longispinis (Cuvier, 1829) Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980. Paracentropogon armata (Sauvage) Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980. Pterois russelli (Bennett, l83l) Nateewathana et al.. 1981. Pterois volitans (Linnaeus, 1758) Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980. Scorpaenoides guamensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980. Scorpaenopsis gibbosa (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) Nateewathana et al., 1981. SERRANIDAE Cephalopholis aurantia (Valenciennes, 1828) : Cephalopholis- aurantius (Valenciennes) in Banasopit, 1969; Monkolprasit, 1983. I f6llowed the nomenclature of Randall and Heemstra (1991). Cephalopholis cyanostigma (Valenciennes, 1828) Banasopit, 1969; Monkolprasit, 1983; Chansang et al., 1989; Randall and Heemstra, 1991 . Cephalopholis microprion (Bleeker, 1852) Randall and Heemstra, 1991. Cephalopholis sonnerati (Valenciennes, 1828) Banasopit, 1969; Nateewathana et al.,I98l; Monkolprasit, 1983; Wongwi/ et al., 1989.

Cephalopholis urodelta (Forster, l80l) : Epinephelus urodeJus (Cuvier & Valenciennes) in Monkolprasit, 1983. I followed the nomenclature of Randall and Heemstra (1991). Epinephelus amblycephalus (Bleeker, 1857) Banasopit. 1969; Monkolprasit, 1983; Randall and Heemstra. 1991 Epinephelus bleekeri (Vaillant, 1877) Banasopit, 1969; Nateewathana et al., 1981; Monkolprasit. 1983; Randal and Heemstra, 1991. Epinephelus coioides (Halminton, 1822) Randall and Heemstra, 1991. EpinepheLus corallicora (Valenciennes, 1825) Banasopit, 1969; Monkolprasit, 1983. Epinephetus cyanopodus' (Richardson. l 846j Randall and Heemstra, 1991. Epinephelus flavocaeruleus (Lacepede. I 801 ) Banasopit, 1969; Monkolprasit, 1983i Eptnephelus heniochus Fowler. 1904 Randall and Heemstra, l99l; Epinephelus morrhua (Cuvier & Valenciennes) Banasopit, l969. The picture in Banasopit (1969) was checked. Epinephelus latifasciatus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1824) Epinephelus' grammiscus Day, 1867 Banasopit, 1969; Monkolprasit, 1983. i followEd the nomenclature of Randall and Heemstra (1991). Epinephelus morrhua (Valenciennes, I 833) Monkolprasit, 1983. Epi n ephelus s exfasc i atus (Valenciennes, I 828) : Nateewathana et al.. 1981.'. 86 Taxonomy and biologt of fishesfrom the Andaman Sea

Randall and Heemstra, 1991. Epinephelus ranvina (Forsskal) in Lohakarn, 1967. The picture by Lohakarn (1967) was checked. Epinephelus undulosus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) Banasopit, 19691 Monkolprasit and Sontirai, 1980; Monkolprisit, 1983; Randall and Heemstra, 1991. Plectropomus areolatus (Ruppell, 1830) : P. truncatus Fowler & Bean. 1930. in Chansang et al.,1989. Randall and Hoese (1986) have shown that P. truncatus Fowler and Bean is a iunior svnonvm of P. areolatus (Runoell). Valiold louii (Forsskal, 1775) Banasopit, 19691 Monkolprasit and Sontirai, 1980; Monkolprisir,' 1983; Chansang et al.,1989. SIGANIDAE Siganus corallinus (Valenciennes, 1835) Lohakarn, 1967; Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980; Nateewatiana et al., l98l Siganus punctatus (Schneider, l80l) - Silanus chrysosptL6s (Bleekei) in Nateewathana et al., 1981. Randall e/ al., (L990) and Myers (1991) regarded S. chrysospilos as a synonym. Siganus vulpinus (Schlegel & Muller, 1844) Monkolprasit and Sontirat. 1980. Muchachiev, 1989. *SILLAGINIDAE Sillago sihama (Forsskal, 1775) Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980. SPHYRAENIDAE C o I lo sp hyraena toxeuma (Fowler) Nateewathana et dl-, 1981. Sphyrheia Jlavicauda (W;lbaum,' I 792) Nateewathana et al.. 1981. Sphyraena jello Cuvier, 1829 Nateewathana et al.. 1981. *TERAPONIDAE Terapon jabua (Forsskal, 1775) Monkolprasit and Sontirat, 1980. Nateewathana et al., 1981. Terapon puta (Crier, 1829) : Aulisthes pilta (Cuvier) in Nateewathana et aI.. l98L Terapon theraps (Cuvier, 1829) Nateewathana et aL, 1981. TETRAODONTIDAE Arothorn immaculatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) : Randall. 1985. Tetraodon immaculata Bloch & Schneider in Nateewathana et al.. 1981. Arothorn reticularis (Bloch & Schneider, l80l) : Tetraodon reticulatus Bloch & Schneider in Nateewathana et al., 1981. Tetra o do n b or ne e n s i s Regan Monkolprasit and Sontirat, *TRIPTERYGIIDAE 1980. Enneapterigius sp. Allen and Steene, 1987. Trypterygian sp. Allen and Steene, 1987. Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no. I2(1993) 87

Table 3. Twenty most speciose families of reef fishes from the west coast of Thailand, Andaman Sea.

Famity Number Number % of total ofgenera ofspecies fishfauna

Pomacentridae @amselfishes) t4 I t2.5 Labridae (Wrasses) n 51 12.3 Gobiidae (Gobies) n 'x 6.3 Senanidae (Grouper & Fairy basslets) 9 25 6.0 Chaetodontidae @utterflfishes) 6 25 6.0 Apogonidae (Cardinal fishes) 4 18 4.3 Acanthuridae (Surgeonfi shes) 4 I7 4.1 Lutjanidae (Snappers) 4 15 3.6 Blenniidae @lennies) 9 T4 J.+ Scaridae (Parrot fishes) J t4 3.4 (Jacks) 8 l3 3.1 Carangidae ,,) Balistidae (Irigger fi shes) 9 Mullidae (Goat fishes) J 9 2.2 Scorpaenidae (Scorpionfishes) 5 8 1.e Pomacanthidae (Angelfi shes) J 8 1.9 Muraenidae (Moray ells) J 8 1.9 Flaemulidae (Sweetlips) J 8 1.9 Nemipteridae (Monocle breams) 2 8 1.9 Caesionidae (Fusiliers) 2 8 1.9 Si ganidae @abbiffishes) I 8 1.9

Total 122 w 4.9 88 Taxonomy and biologt of fishesfrom the Andaman Sea

Table 4. Zoogeographic analysis of reef fishes from the west coast of Thailand, Andaman Sea*.

o% of species Distribution Number withknown of species distributions

Widespread Indo-Pacific 185 46.3 Indo-west Pacific 't6 19.0 WestPacific 24 6.0 West-central Pacific l3 J.J 'K West Pacifi c-East Indian Ocean 9.0 Indo-Australian region T4 3.5 Indo-Malay region 4 1.0 IndianOcean 29 7.3 East Indran Ocean 9 2.3 Andaman Sea (Ihailand) 4 1.0 Cirormtropical 6 1.5 Total 400 lm

* Zoogeographic categories are defined as follows:

Indo-Pacific: widespread species from Indian Ocan to eastern limit at the east of non-marginal area ofthe PacificPlate. Indo-west Pacific: widespread species with northeastern limit on the Pacific Plate marginally in Carolines but not reaching the Marshalls. West Pacific: limited to the area bound by the Andaman and Cocos-Keeling in the west to the margin of the Pacific Plate in the east, north to s. Japan,south to w. and e. Australia. West-central Pacific: West Pacific and Pacific Plate distribution; may include East Paciic. Indo-Australian: a subset of the West Pacific, north to s. Taiwan, east to the Solomons, south to the Great BarrierReefs. Indo-Malay: a subset of the Indo-Australian which is limited to the area within bounds of South-East Asia. i.e. Malay Peninsula and numerous islandsof Indonesia. Indian Ocean: widespread species throughout the Indian Ocean. East Indian Ocean: eastern Indian Ocean wrth the western limit in Maldive Islands. Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no. I2(1993) 89

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Allen, G.R. 1978. The status of ,4Dadefduf sexfasciatus (Lac6pdde), a pomacenrid fish from the Indo-west Pacific. Copeia. 2:328'330. Allen, G.R. 1985. FAO species catalogue, snappers of the world, an annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. M'O Fish' Synop.I25, vol 6: 208 p. Allen, G. R. I 99 I . Damselfishes of the World. Aquarium Syste ml 21 | p. Allen, G.R. and R.C. Steene. 1979. The fishes of Christmas Island, Indian Ocean. Austral. Nat. Parks Widelife Service., Canberra. Spec. Publ. no. 2.: 81 p. Allen, G.R. and R.C. Steene. 1987 . Reef fishes of the Indian Ocean: A pictorial guide to the common reef fishes of the Indian Ocean. T.F.H. Publications, Inc' 240 p. Banasopit, T. 1968. Handbook of the snappers (Lutjanidae) of Thai waters. Marine Fisheries Laboratory Divi- sion of Research and Investigatrons, Department of Fisheries, Bangko( Thailand. Contribution no. 12: 56 p. (inThai). Banasopit, T. 1969. Handbook of the groupers (Serranidae) of the Thai waters. Marine Fisheries Laboratory DMsion of Research and lnvestigations, Department of Fisheries, Bangko( Thailand. Contribution no. 14 7'7 p. (inThai). Banasopit, T. 1971. The butterfly fishes (Family Chaetodontidae) of Thailand. Marine Fisheries Laboratory Divrsion of Research and Investigations, Department ofFishenes, Bangkok, Thailand. Contribution : 75 p' (in Thai). Bhatia, U. and T. Wongratana. 1974. Mugilidae. In: W Fischer and P.J.P. Whitehead (eds.). FAO species identi- fication sheets for fisheries purposes of the Eastern Indian Ocean and Western Central Pacific, FAO, Rome. nopagination. Boonyanate, P. and S. Chantrapornsyl. 1986. Butterflyfishes @isces: Chaetodonyiodae) fromPhuket andnearby provinces. In: Proceedingof24thKasetsartUnivers$Conference,FisheriesSection.,pp.86-91 (inThai). Burgess, W.E. and H.R. Axelrod. l9'75a. Pacific Marine Fishes, Book 3: Fishes of Sri Lanka, Maldive Islands and Mombosa. T.F.H. Publication, lnc. Burgess, W.E. and H.R Axelrod. 197 5b. Pacific Marine Fishes, Book 6: Fishes ofMelanesia (from New Guinea and the Solomons to Fiir.T.F.H. Publication, Inc. Burgess, W.E., H.R. Axelrod and R.E. Hunzinker III. 1990. Dr. Burgess's Atlas of Marine Aquarium Fishes (2ndEdition). T.F.H. Publication,Inc. 768 p. Carlson, B.A. 1980. A new Indo-Pacific fish ofthe gentsCirripecfes @lenniidae: Salariini). Pac. Sci.,$@):44'7' 4t4. Carpenter, K.E. 1988. FAO species catalogue Vol. 8. Fusilier fishes of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of caesionid species known to date. E4O Fish.Synop.,(25)Vol.8:75p Chansang, H., P Boonyanate, N. Phongsuwan, S. Poovachiranon, S. Bussarawit. 1989. Inventory and monitoring on coral reefs, seagrasses, and soft bottom communities in the Andaman Sea. Final report; ASEAN-Australia cooperative programme on Marine Science, Project II: LMng Resources in Coastal Areas. Phuket Marine Biological Center. 244 P. Chantrapornsyl, S. and P. Boonyanate. 1985. Study on coral reef fishes family Pomacentridae. Phuket Marine Biological Center. Contribution no. 4'.10 p. (in Thai) Choat, J.H. and J.E. Randall. 1986. A review of the parrothshes (family Scaridae) of the Great Barrier Reef of Australia,withdescriptionofanewspecies. Rec.Aust.Mus.,38(3&4):175-228 Eschmeyer, W.N., L.E. Hallacher, and K.V. Rama-Rao. 1979. The scorpion fish gews Minous (Scorpaenidae, Minioinae)includinganewspeciesfromthelndianOcean. Proc.Calif.Acad.Sci.,ser.4.,4l(20):453-473 Heemstra, p.C. 1984. Mugiloididae. FAO species identification sheets for fisheries purposes of the Western Indian Ocean, FAO, Rome. no pagination. Kumaran. M. andJ.E. Randall. 1984. Mullidae.Ibid. 90 Taxonomy and biologt of fshesfrom the Andaman Sea

Lachner, E.A. and J.F. McKinney. 1978. A revision of the Indo-Pacific fish genusGobiopsis, with descriptions of four new species @isces: Gobiidae). Smithson. Contr Zool.262:l-52. Manthachitra, V and S. Sudara. 1991. Status ofcoral reeffishes along the west coast of the Gulf of Thailand. In: Proceeding of the regional symposium on living resources in coastal areas. pp. 129-134. Matsuura, K., 1980. A revision of Japanese balistoid fishes. I. Family Balistidae. Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus., Ser. A (zool.),6(1):27-69. Monkolprasit, S. 1981. Investigation ofcoral reef fishes in Thai waters. Proc. 4th Int. Coral Reef Symp., Manila. 2:491496. Monkolprasit, S. 1983. Systematic studies of coral-cods (Serranidae) from the Andaman Sea @huket province) Thailand. Kasetsart University Fishery Research Bulletin, 14:12 p. Monkolprasit, S. 1989. Wrasses from Phuket Islands . Thai Fisheries Gazette,42(4):307-310. (in Thai). Monkolprasit, S. and S. Sontirat. 1980. Systemic studies of coral reef fishes from thr Indian Ocean, Phuket, (Thailand) Kasetsart University Fishery Research Bulletin,ll: 15 p. 1988. Myers, R.F. An annotated checklist of the fishes of the Mariana Islands. Miqonesica, 21(1-2):115-180. i Myers, R.F. 199 I . Micronesian reef fishes: A practical guide of the identification of the coral reef fishes of the tropical central and western Pacific. 2nd edition. Coral Graphics. 298 p, 144 pls. Muchachiev, S. 1989. Coastalfauna in Thai waters. Praepithaya Press. 270 p. (in Thai) Nateewathan4 A., P Tantichodok, S. Bussarawich, andR. Sirivejabandhu. 1981. Marine organisms in the refer- ence collection. Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Res. Bull..28:43-86. Randall, J.E. 1981. Revision of the labrid fish genus Labropsis,with descriptions of five new species. Micronesica. r7(1-2):125-156. Randall, J.E. 1982. A review of the labrid fish gems Holognnnosus. Ref. fr. Aquariol. g(1):13-20. Randall, J.E., 1985. On the validity of the tetraodontid fish,4rothron manilensls @roce). Japan. J. Ichthyol. 32(3):347454. Randall, J.E. 1988. Three new damselfishes of the genus Chromis @erciformes: Pomacenridae) from tlie Indian I Ocean. Revue. fr. Aqualiol. 15(2):49-56. Randall J.E. and J. H. Choat. 1980. Two new parrot[rshes of the genus.Scarxls from the Central and South Pacific, with further examples of sexual dichromatism. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 70(4):383-419. Randall, J.E. and C.J. Ferraris, Jr. 1981. A revision of the Indo-Pacific labrid fish genus Leptojulis, with descrip- tions of two new species. Rev. fr. Aquariol.8(3):89-96. Randall, J.E. and P.C. Heemstra. 1991. Revision of Indo-Pacific groupers @erciformes: Serranidae: Epinephelinae), with descriptions of five new species. Indo-Pacific Fishes, 20:332 p. Randall, J.E. and D.F. Hoese. 1986. Rwision ofthe groupers of the Indo-Pacific genusP/e ctropomus @erciformes: Senanidae). Indo-Pacific Fishes,13: 31 p. Randall, J.E. and W. Klausewutz. 1973. A review of the triggerfish genusMetichfftys, with description of a new

species from the Indian Ocean. Senckenbergiana biol. 54(Il3):5'7 -69 . Randall, J.E. and W. Klausewutz. 1977 . Centropyge Jlavipectorafis , a new angelfish from Sri Lanka (Ceylon). S enckenb ergi an a b i o l. 57 (4 / 6):23 5 -240. Randall, J.E. and R. Lubbock. 1981. Labrid fishes of the gentx Poracheilinus, with descriptions of three new species from the Philippines. Japan. J. Ichthyol.28(1): l9-30 Randall J.E. andM.M. Smith. 1982. A rwiewof the labridfishes ofthe genus Halichoeres of thewesternlndian Ocean, with descriptions of six new species. Ichthy. Bull. 45:l-24. Randall, J.E., G.R. Allen, and R.C. Steene. I990a. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef an Coral Sea. Cra*ford House Press, Australia. 506 p. Randall, J.E., T.H. FraserandE.A. Lachner. 1990b. Onthevalidityoflndo-PacificcardinalfishesApogonaureus (Lacdpdde) andA. fleuriez (Lacepede), with description of a related new species from the Red Sea. Proc. Biol. Soc. I[rash. 103(l):39-62. Phuket mar biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no. l2(1993) 9I

Russell, B.C. 1983. Annotated checklist ofthe coral reeffishes in the Capricorn-Bunker Group, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Special Publication, Series(l) . 184 p. Russell, B.C., F.H. Talbot, G.RV Anderso4 andB. Goldman. 1978. Collectionandsamplingof reeffishes. In:D. R. Stoddart and RE. Johannes (eds.). Coral reefs: research methods, UNESCO. pp.329-345. Senta, T. and T.S. Min. 1975. Catalogue of the fishes from the south China Sea and Andaman Sea. Marine Fisheries Research Departrnent Southeast Asian Fisheries Dwelopment Center (SEAFDEC). 32 p. Sirirattanachai, S. andManthachitraV 1989. Baselineinformationof coralcommunityinChonburiProvince. Final Report; ASEAN-Australia Cooperative Programme on Marine Science. Project II: Living Resources in Coast- al Areas. Aquatic Science Department, Srinakharinwirot University Bangsaen. 99 p. Springer, V.G. 1988. The Indo-Pacific blenniid fish genus Ecser ius. Smithson. Contr. Zool.465:l-134. Starnes, W.C. 1988. Revision, phylogeny andbiogeographic comment on the circumtropical marine percoid fish family Priacanthidae. Bull. Mar. Sci., 43(2):II7 -203. Swatti, C. 1950. Fauna of Thailand. DepartmentofFisheries. 1,100 p. Thomso& J.M. and G. Luther. 1984. Mugilidae.In: W. Fischer and G. Bianchi (eds.). FAO species identjfication sheets for fisheries purposes of the Western Indian Ocean, FAO, Rome. no pagination. Williams, J.T. 1988. Revision and phylogenic relationships of the blennid fish genus Cirripectes. Indo-Pacific Fishes, 17:18p. Wongratana, T.1975. Arecordofflatheadfish, Thysanophrys papillolabrium Schultz, inthe Andaman Sea, witl a key to fourteen species of the Platycephalidae from Thai waters @isces: Platycephalidae). Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Res. Bull.7:l-9. Wongratan4 T. 1982a. Ichthyological observation made during the Andaman cruise of the "Nagasaki-Maru", l- 14 November I 98 l. Nat Hist. Bul L Si am Soc. 30(2): 105-124. Wongratan4 T. 1982b. Bait fishes obtained from night light and lift net experiments in Phang-nga Bay, Andaman Sea.Ibid.:125-l3L Wongratana, T. 1983. Fishes taken by handline in Phang-nga Bay, Andaman Sea. Nal. Hist. Bull. Siam Soc. 31(l):1-7. Wongwit, C., S. Chiayvareesajja, J. Chiayvareesajja S. Keawchutima A. Geater, T. Rees, and S. Watanasit. 1989. Baseline data on coral reef status at Adang-Rawi Island group, Tarutao National Park, Satun. Final report; ASEAN-Australia CooperativeProgramme onMarine Science. Project II:LivingResources in Coastal Area. Prince of Songkla University, Haad-Yai, Thailand. 244 p. Woodland, D.J. 1983. Zoogeography of the Siganidae @isces): an interpretation of drstribution and richness patterns. Bull. Mar Sci., 33(3):7 l3-7 l7 . Phuket mar biol, Cent. Spec. Publ. no. 12(1993) 93

TWO NEW RECORDS OF FISHES FROM THEANDAMAN SEA, THAILAND

by Pairoj Sirimontrapornl an d Somchai Bussarawit2 I. National Coastal Aquaculture Institute, Songkla, Thailand. 2, Phuket Marine Biological Center Phuket, Thailand.

ABSTRACT

Two new records of fishes, Holanthias chrysostictus (Gunther, l81l) and lchthyscopus leback sannio Whitley,(inMawdaet a|.,1984,p. 293)) from localitres inthe Andaman Seawere examinedanddescribed.

INTRODUCTION produced and reaching to anus. Caudal fin crescen- tic, wrth the outer rays much produced. Scales cilated, head entirely covered by scales, rough to touch; lat- At the Workshop in fishes from the Andaman eral line cuwed anteriorly. Sea, held at Phuket Marine Biologrcal Center during 5-

I 0 September 1 993, we had the chance to examine two Meristic measurement: D.X, 17; A.III,7; P, 16;Pr.I, 5; specimens of fish in the Reference Collection. They LI.48. TL. 54cm. turned out to be new records from the Andaman Sea, Thailand. Head length 42.3yo, and depth of body 48.0% of maxillary length 45.6% SYSTEMAIICACCOIJNT standard length', eye 19.3Vo,and of head length. Pectoral fin length equal to length of pelvrc fin and 30.0% of standard length. Base of dor- Holanthias chry sostidas (Gunther, 1 87 I ). sal fin 64.07o, andbase ofanal fin 18.0% ofstandard (Plate 8, Fig.26) length.

Anthi as chrysosliclzs Gunther, I 87 I :655. Colour: Deep pink, upper part of head yellow, oblique Odontanthias chrysostitus Bleekeq 187 2"231 ; 181 3' bright yellow bands on head, one from below the eye 1876:21. running down through the posterior part of maxillary H o I anthi as c hrys o s ti c tu s Boulenger, I 895 : 3 I 9 ; We- to the lower jaw and chin, other two bands from the ber and Beaufo rt, l93L:96-97, fig. 13 . occipital vertically down to the border of preopercle of pectoral finyellow, pelvic Material examined: I specimen (PI\AC 10034), and opercle. Upperbase and anal fins pink with bright yellow band on outer A{xadarnan Sea, i50 m depth, Coll. WeeraPokapunt, anterior spinous dorsal and filamentous rays January 1993, vertical bottom long-line. border; bright yellow, rest of the fin pink, with some red spots part. fin pink, except yellowish- Description: Body broad and strongly compressed; on the outer Caudal pink on the upper and lower parts. mouth moderate, oblique, protractile. Maxillary ex- tended posteriorly. Teeth present on endopterygoid, Remarks: The species preserved in the PMBC Refer- villiform teeth on jaws, lower jaw prominent. Snout ence Collection is very close to the description by short; posterior nostril large, three times bigger than Boulenger ( cited after M. Weber and de Beaufort , the anterior. Preopercle serrated, without antrorse 1931, p. 97). However, our qpecimen is somewhat dif- teeth at the angle; opercle with three flat spines, middle ferent from their description with regard to the yellow, one curved upwards, upper spine a little far from the cephalic bands which run frombelow the eye lower two. A long dorsal fin, the first three rays pro- oblique ofpectoral fins. Furthermore, red spots are duced to long filament. Pelvic fin long, the first ray to the base 94 Taxonomy and biologt of fishesfrom the Andaman Sea.

present on the dorsal fins. The fish is different from Material examined: I specimen (PMBC 8023), Kollae, H. natalensis in Smith (1965), p. 200. The latter spe- Phuket, collectedby a Rawai Sea G1psy, 2.4.1991, bot- cies has more yellow colour on the middle of the body, tom net at a depth of 20 m. it is not yellow on the nape, and all the dorsal spinous ray part is yellow. Diagnosis: Head cuboid andbroad; body compressed, covered with embedded scales, arranged in oblique These fishes were previuosly assigned to the fam- rows. Eye on upper side of head; mouth large, verti- ily Anthiidae (Smith, 1961; Smith i965). The classifi- cal; lips fringed. Operculum large with upper border cation of fishes within the large family Serrarudae has fringed. A slightly curve upwards fimmbriated mem- undergone major changes in recent years. Some branous appendage above pectoral axil. Spines on groups which have attimesbeen regarded as families, head absent. A shallow pit on posterior of interorbital e.g. Anthiidae, are nowregardedas Senanidae (Randall space. Pectoral fin long reaching beyond the level of et a|,.1990\. second dorsal fin origin; pelvic fin short, not reach- ing anus, caudal fin slightly rounded. Eight genera were previously reported in the sub- family Anthiinae by Weber and de Beaufort (1931), Meristic measurement: D.II, 17; A. 17;P,. 18; P,.I,4; viz. Holanthias. Odontanthias, Anthias, Plec- C.15.TL.38cm. tranthias, Dactylanthias, Pteranthias, Xenanthias, Sphaenanthias. In comparison, nine genera were as- Head length 36.6%ioof gandard length; interorbital signed to the family Anthiidae (Smith, I 96 I ) namely; space 25.5Yo and eyel .8o/o of head length. Le4st depth Holanthias, Callanthias, Anthias, Emmelanthias, of infraoftitalsT .5Yo, and greatest depth of infraorbital Pelontrus, Nemanthias, Pteranthias, Xenanthias, 27 .}yo of head length. Length of infraorbital fossa Luzonichthys, 10.1% and width ofinfraorbital fossa 8.77o ofhead length. Depth ofbody at the dorsal fin origin 2'l .6o/oof Anthiid fishes are among the most exquisite of standard lenglh; predorsal length32.9o/o and pectoral those species which frequent reefs of tropical seas. fin length 26.1olo of standard length. Base of dorsal fin They may occur in such vast numbers as to form clouds 4l.2Yoandbase of analfin 47,0% of standard lensth. that almost obscure sloping coral reefs. Most species live in relatively shallow water, extending to moderate Colour: Back: chocolate brown with numberous elon- depths, but a few usually more degenerate tlpes are gate white blotches from behind gill opening to cau- found infairly deep water. The free-swimmingtJpes dal base. Sides and ventral part yellowish-white. Dor- are preyed on extensively by larger fishes and are use- sal fin: brown at base border with yellow and white ful as bait. Because of their habits and small size sci- blotches along the fin; pectoral frn brown at base, entists are compelled to hunt them chiefly with explo- yellow on posterior half; anal fin brown and yellow. sives or poison.

Remarks: The description by Masuda e t al. (1984) for this species was too short for meristical comparison, however, the photo of their specimen was similar to Ichthyscopus lebeck sannio the species kept in the Reference Collection of PMBC. Whitley, (in Masuda e t al., 1984, p.293) The meristic measurement methods follow Kishimoto @late 8, FiS.27) (1e8?.

Ichthyscopus lebeck sannio Masuda et al.,1984'.293, Stargazers hide in sandybottom, using their wide pL.263-8 pectoral fins as shovels, leaving only their eyes and Ichthyscopus leb eckBvgess and Axelrod, 1990 :682, mouth cleft above the surface. The cirri onthe edge of pl. 420;Monro, I 982 : 200, p1.42, f:.g. 59 4. the mouth serve to keep out sand during respiration. Phuket mar biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no. I2(1993) 95

The oral lure can be enticely wiggled above the sur- Fisheries, Samutprakarn and the Sea Gypsy, Rawai faceofthesandtoattractpreytocomewithinstriking Beach, Phuket who's donated the specimens to the range of the mouth. They suck up animals together PMBC Reference Collection. We acknowledge Dr. with sand and debris, when prey approaches. Jorgen Hylleberg, Danish consultant, for reading and correcting the manuscript. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We would like to thank to Mr. Weera Pokapunt, Oceanic Fishery Division, Department of

REFERENCES

Bleeker, P. 187 3 .Ne de rl. Tii dschr. dierk. lY. p.237 Bleeker, P. 1873-1876. Atlas lchthyol. VIL p.21 Boulenger, G.A. 1895. Cat. Precf. Fishes.I. p.319 Burgess, W.E. andH.R. Axelrod, 1990. Dr Butgess'sAtlas ofmarine aquariumfishes. T.F.H. Publications, Inc. U.S.A.768 p. Gunther, A.. 1871. Zool. Soc.London. p.655 Kishimoto, H. 1987. A new stargazer, Uranoscopusflavipinisfrom Japan andTaiwan, with redescription and neotypedescription of U. japonicus. JapaneseJournaloflchthyologt.34(1),:1014. Masuda, H., K. Amaoka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino. 1984. The Fishes of the Japanese Archipelago. Tokai University Press, Japan. Randall J.E., G.R. Allen and R. C. Steene. 1990. Complete diver's and fisherman's guide to fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. University of llawaai Press, U.S.A. 507 p. Smith, J.L.B. 1961-1963,IchthyologicalBulletirs 2l-32.MM. Smithed. (Vol. 2, Bulls. 2l-32, reprinted 1973) J.L.B. Smith Inst. Ichthyol., Rhodes Univ. Grahamstown, South Africa. Smitt\J.L.B., lg65.TheSeaFishesofSouthernAfrica. CentralNewsAgency.560p. Weber, M. andL.F. DeBeaufort, 1931. The Fishes ofthe Indo-AustralianArchipelago. Vol. W, p.96-97. leiden, E.J.BrillLtd Phuket mar biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no. I2(1993) 97

SERRANID FISHES (FAMILY SERRANIDAE : SUBF.AMILY EPINEPHELINAE) FROM THEANDAMAN SEA

by Weera Pokapuntl, Pairoj Sirimontraporn2 and Somchai Bussarawif l. Oceanic Fisheries Division, Samutprakarn, Thailand. 2. National Institute of Aquaculture, Songkhla, Thailand. 3. Phuket Marine Biological Centen Phuket, Thailand.

ABSTRACT

The fish family Serranidae from the Andaman Sea was studied at the workshop in Taxonomy and Biology of fishes from the Andaman Sea at Phuket Marine Biolgical Center during 5-10 September 1993. The following 35 species within 1 genera were studied and described: Aethaloperca rogaa, Anyperodon leucogrammicus, Cephalopholis argus, C. aurantia, C. boenak, C. cyanostigma, C. formosa, C. miniata, C' sonnerati, Cromileptes altivelis, Epinephelus amblycephalus, E. areolatus, E. bleekeri, E. caeruleopunctatus, E. coioides, E. epistictus, E. erythrurus, E.fasciatus, E.fuscoguttatus, E. heniochus, E. lanceolatus E. malabaricus, E. merra, E. morrhua, E. octofasciatus, E. ongus, E. polyphekadion, E. quoyqnus, E. radiatus, E. sexfosciatus, E. tauyina, E. undulosus, Plectropomus maculatus, P. leopardus, Variola albimarginata.

INTRODUCTION SYSTf,MAIICACCOIJNTS

The grouper family Serranidae (subfamily Famity SERRAI\IDAE Epinephelinae) is one of the most common food and ornamental fishfamilies in southern Thailand. Sys- Diagnosis: Body robust oblong, moderately elongate, tematic studies of groupers have been done by Thai large head" operculum with three spines. Mouth large, scientists during the past decade @anasopit, 1969; its cleft horizontal or oblique, teeth onbands injaws, Monkolprasi! 1983), but many nomenclatorial changes vomer and palatine; with a few anetrior canines and have occurred following revisions (Randall & sometimes canine on sides of lower jaw. Scales small Heemstra, I 99 l). That is the reason for the authors to or moderate in size, mostly ctenoid, sometimes ryc- prepare this report with colour photographs to be used loid. Single dorsal fin spinous and soft rays partially as an updated guide book of 35 species of groupers separated by notch; anal fin mostly with three spines; inthis area. pectoral fins normally rounded; pelvic fin close to base of pectorals; caudal fin rounded, truncate or lunate. Various colour patterns on body: spots, blotches, MATERIALSAND METHODS stripes or combinations. Mostly in coral reef areas, but some are found at greater depth.

Aethaloperca rogaa (Forsskal, 1775) The study was based on the specimens in l. (Fie.D the Reference Collection of Phuket Marine Biological Center and additional samples from Phuket fish mar- Ae thaloperc a rogaaRandall& Heemstr4 I99I :20 -23, ket, Rawai fishing village, and Pa-klog, Bang Rong fi g. 1 Munro, 1967 -2'70, pl. 32; Mazu da et al., mangrove-seagrass channel during the workshop pe- ; :269 riod. 1985:127,pL ll2-114. 98 Taxonony and biologt of fishesfrom the Andaman Sea.

C e phalopho li s ro gaa Molkolprasit, I 983 :4. Description:D.)O, 15; A.Itr, 9;P,. 15-16;Ll. 65. Body rather elongated, head pointed; lowerjaw English name : Redmouth grouper. projecting, maxillary reaching littlebeyond eye. Small Thai name: Pla ka rang pak dang. teeth on jaws, palatine teeth absent. Depth 30.5% of standard length, a long head, 42.1%o of standard Material examined: 2 specimens @MBC 6145, 9830), length; eye l4.l%o of head length. Dorsal fin with a TL.19.0-25.0cm. shallow notch separate spinous and soft ray parts, caudalfin rounded. Description: D.D( I 8; AItr, 9; P,. l7 ;Ll. 52;GR 10+l 5. Body deep, dorsal profile oi head straight to eye, Colour: alive it is light grey, after death light brown to becoming convex on nape, Head length 37.2%o, and darkbrown, numerous orange spots scattered on head o/o depth of body 4 1 .9 of standard length . Eye 13 .9 %o body and fin, except on pectoral fins, 2-3 whitish of head length, and suborbital I7 .'7 % of head length. streaks lined horizontally on body. Spines and rays of Posterior margin ofpreopercle finely serrate, the ven- the fins are darkbrown. tral margin fleshly. A distinct notch on lower margin of subopercle. Maxilla extend beyond eye. Small ca- I-ocality: Phuket, Satun, Andaman Sea. nine teeth at front ofjaws. Origin of dorsal fin over opercle. 3rd dorsal spine longest 27 .8 %o and 5th pec- Remarks: This fish resembles Epinephelus, but dif- toral ray longest, 60.7 oh of head length. Pelvic fins fers in having a long head and no canine teeth on reaching beyond anus. Caudal fin truncate. lower jaw. Four white streaks from head along body, and orange spots over head" body and dorsiil fin. Un- Colour: In life dark brown. with a whitish tranwerse common in the market. band from posterior margin ofpectoral fin to ventral margin of body, scarlet around lips and inside mouth. Caudal finwith a whitish margin. Genus C eph alop h olis Bloch

Locality: Phuket, Andaman Sea. Diagnosis: Body oblong compressed, covered with small ctenoid scales. Head large, obtusely pointed. Remarks: This species differs from other serranidae Mouth large with small canines in front, but no ca- in having a deep body, a truncate caudal fin, and the nines at sides of jaw. Preoperculum margin normally upper pectoral rays longest. Caudal fin with a white serrated. Nine dorsal spines and three anal spines, margin most pectoral and caudal fins distinctly round, exept some with truncate caudal fin. The colours and pat- tern are very striking, and variations often occur, it is 2. Anyperodon l,eucogrammicus a rather difficult group to identi$. They usually in- (Cwier & Valencierures. 1828) habit shallow, warm water. Seven sp€cies found in Thai (Fie.2) waters. All of them are edible.

Anypero don I eu cogrammiczs Randall and Heemstra, 199l:23-25, frg. 3-4; Munro, 1967:268, pl. 32; 3. Cephalopholis argus Mastdaet aL, 1985:128, pl. 113-N; Gloerfelt-Tarp Bloch and Schneider. 1801 antl Kailola 1985: 129; Monkolprasit 1983 :3. (Fig 3)

English name: White linedgrouper. C ep ha lo ph o I i s argus Randall and Heemstra, I 9 9 1 : 3 3 -

Thai name: Pla ka rang lai sen kao. 36, fig. 7 ;Gloerfelt-Tarp and Kailol4 1985 : 128-129; Fisher and Bianchi, 1984: SERRAN Cephl 9; Material examined: 2 specimers @MBC 6177, MCA Masuda et al., 1985:128, pl. ll3-M; Munro, 0269),TL. 29.0-34.0 cm. 1967:27L,pt.33. Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no. I2(1993) 99

English name : Peacock grouper Material examined: I qpecimen (NICA 1508), TL. 36.0 Thai name: Pla ka rangjued fa cm

Material examined: I qpecimen (PMBC 983 1) ,TL,25.4 Description: D.D( l5; A.III, 9; P, l7-18; Pr.I, 4. cm Body oblong, rather compressed; maxillary reach- ing to posterior border of eye. Head lenglh 37 .9%o, and Description: D IX, l6;A.III,9;P. 17;Ll. 50. body depth 37.5% of standard length. Eye 14.7o/o, urd Body slender, maxillary extends beyond posterior pectoral fin length 23.gyo of head length. Dorsal fin margin of eye, preopercle rounded, its ventral edge low, longest spine (5th) 24.8yo of body depth; pecto- fleshy. Head length 3 8.6 %, and body depth 30. 9 % of ral and ventral fins not reaching to anus, posterior standard length. Snout lenglh 27 .0 yo, and eye diam- end ofsoft dorsal and soft anal fins extending to pos- eter I 1.7 % ofhead lenglh. Cycloid scales ventrally terior ofcaudal base, caudal fin rounded. on abdomen. Pectoral fin shorterthan postotbital head, 58.8 % of head lenglh. Pelvic fin short, not reaching Colour: Oranged-red, a black convex vertical curved anus, 43.3 % ofhead length. Soft dorsal, anal and submarginal band on posterior of caudal fin, outer caudal fin broadly rounded. border black on soft dorsal and anal fins, tip ofventral finblack. Colour: Head,body and hns dark brown with numer- ous small black-edged blue spots. Six pale cross bars Locality: Satun, Andaman Sea. present on posterior halfofbody. Triangular distal part of each interspinous membrane of dorsal fin or- Remarks: This fish is distinguished from other ange. Posterior margin of median and pectoral fins Cephalopholis by having ventral margin of preopercle narrowly whitish. smooth. No dark-edged blue spots on head, body and fins. Caudal fin with a bluish white posterior mar- Locality: Phuket, Andaman Sea. gin and black submarginal line.

Remarks: This species closely resembles C. 5, Cephalopholis boenak @loch, 1790) cyanostigma, but differs in having 9 anal soft rays (8 (Fig.5) in C. cyanostigma) and cycloid scales ventrally on abdomen (ctenoid inC. cyanostigma). Both of them Cephalopholis boenak Randall and Heemstra, are shallow water species that occur in a variety of 1991:39-41, fig. 10. reefhabitats. Caughtfromcoral reefareas at 5-30 m Cephalopholis boenack Gloerfelt-Tarp and Kailola, depth. 19f35:12&129.

C e ph al o pho I i s p ac hyc en tro n Masuda e t a 1., 1985 .127, pl. I l3-C. 4. Cephalopholis aurantiq (Valenciennes, 1828) English name: Brown coral cod. (Fie 4) Thai name: Pla ka rang ban.

Cephalopholis aurantia Randall and Heemstra, Material examined: 3 specimens, @MBC 9829, MCA l99l:36-38, fig. 8. 1216),TL. 16.8-2 1.7 cm. Cephalopholis aurantius Monkolprasit, 1983:4; Masttdaet al.,1985:128, pl. I I3-I;Munro, 1967 .272, Description: D.D! 16; A.trl 8; P,. 16; Ll. 48-50, GR (8- pl. 33. e)+(14-16). Body rather deep, snout largely scaled. Maxillary f nglish name: Spotted red rock-cod. extends slightly beyond posterior margin of rye. Head o/o, Thai name: Pla ka rang dang. length 3 7. 4 -3 9 . I and depth of body 3 4.7 -3 6.lYo of 100 Taxonony and biologt of fishes from the Andaman Sea.

standard length. Snout length 22.8-23.0 %i, and eye Colour: Reddish-brown, numerous tiny blue spots diameter | 5.7 -16.9 o% of head lengfh. Canine teeth in scattered on head, body and fins. front of both jaws. Preoperculum rounded, finely serrated. Sixth to eighth dorsal spines longest, 35.3- Locality: Phuket, Satuq Andaman Sea. 38.5 yo of head length. Pectoral fin moderately long 64.2-67 .6 o% of head length, pelvic fins not reaching Remarks: This species resembles C. argus.but dif- anus, 50.7-51.4 % of head length. Soft dorsal fin, anal fers in having 8 soft anal rays (9 in C. argus) and and caudal fins rounded ctenoid scales ventrally on abdomen. (rycloid in C. argus). Both of them are shallow water species that Colour: Dark brown with 8-9 irregular darkerbrown occur in a variety of reef habitats. cross bands on the body, without longitudinal blue stripes on head, body and fins. A distinct darker 7. C eph aloph olis formo sa brown blotch between upper and middle opercular (ShawandNodder, 1812) spines. (Frs?

Locality: Phuket, Andaman Sea. C e ph a I o ph o I i s fo rmo s a Randall and Heemstra, I 9 9 I ; 434+6,fig.14. Remarks : This species closely resembles C, formo s a, Cephalopholis boenack Munro, 1967:270, pl. 32; but differs in having moderately long pectoral fins Mandaet al ., 1985:128, pl. 113-G;Monkolprasit, and 8-9 irregular dark brown bars on body. Head usu- 1983:4. ally with dark brown bands radiating from the eye, and without blue stripes on head, body and fins. English name: Blue lined hind. Caughtfrom coral areas at 5-30 m depth. Thai name: Pla ka rang hin.

Material examined : 4 specimens @MB C 6148, 6149, 6. Cephalopholis cy anostigma 6150, 9834), TL. t9.2-22.0 cm (Valenciennes, 1828) (Fie 6) Description: D.IX I 5-16; A.m, 8; P,. 16; Ll. 48-50; GR (8-9)+ 16. Cephalopholis cyanostigma Randall and Heemstra, Body slender, snout largely scaled. Maxillary ex-

19 9 | :4 | 43, fig. 1 I - I 2 ; Munro, 1967 :27 0 -27 l, pl. 32. tends slightly beyond posterior margin of eye. Head length 3 7. 8 -4 0 .7 Yo, and depth of body 3 4.8 -37 .3 Yo of English name: Blue spot rock-cod. standard length. Snout length 22.5-25.3 %o, and eye Thai name: Pla ka rang lai kwangjued nam ngeon. diameter 16.l-17.4 o% of head length. Pairs of symphysial canines in both jaws. Ventral margin of Material examined: 3 specimens @MBC 9832, NICA preopercle smooth, third to ninth dorsal spines nearly 0788), TL. 17.8-18.9 crn equal, the longest 32.2-38.0 % of head length. Pecto- ral fins 56.4-60.3 7o of head length. Pelvic fins nearly Description:D. D! 15;A. III, 8;P, 16-17. reach anus,48.3-54.1 % ofhead length. Soft dorsal Body oblong, compressed; maxillary reaching to fin; anal and caudal fins rounded. posterior border of eye. Depth 3 6. 5%, and head length 42.3yo of standard length. Eye l5.Io/o, and longest Colour: Dark brown with many longitudinal blue dorsal spine 3 0. 3% of head length. Opercle with three stripes on head, body andfins. Ventral part ofhead flat spines, the middle one close to the lower one, with a variable number of blue spots. Dark brown preopercle finely serrated. Dorsal fin about equal from membrane between the 2 opercular spines. anterior to posterior; membrane of spinous dorsal fin incised; caudal fin rounded. I-ocality : Phuket, Andaman Sea. Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no. I2(1993) 101

Remarks: The specimens in the PMBC Reference 9,C eph aloph olis sonnerati Collection (PMBC 6 148-6 I 50) was misidentified by (Cuvier & Valenciermes. 1828) D.M. Carlsson in 1973 as Cephalopholis boenack. (Fig.e) The latter species is characterized by having 8-9 ir- regular dark brown bars on body and no narrow blue Cephalopholis sonnerati Randall and Heemstra, stripes on the head, body and fins. The present speci- 199l.6245, fig. 27 -28;Manda et al., 1985 127, pl. mens have brown bodies with narrow blue stripes on 1 1 3 -D, E; Muuo, 1967 : 27 2, pl. 3 3 ; Gloerfelt-Thrp head, body and fins, and ventral part ofhead with a andKailola 1985: 130-13 l. variable number of blue spots. This combination fits well with the description of C. formosabyRandall and English name: Red rock+od. Heemstra (1991). The two species are cleary sepa- Thai Name: Pla ka rang dang hua lai. rated. Material examined: 2 specimers (PMBC 6147, NICA 1520), TL. 25.0-36.0 crn 8.C eph aloph olis minida (Forsskal, I 775) 6ie.8) Description:D.D(, 15;A.III, 9;P, 18;P' I,4. Body oblong, compressed; depth 40.0%, and head oh C e p h a I o p h o I i s m i n i at a Randall and Heemstra, I 9 9 I : lenglh 40 .7 of standard length. Eye 12. 5 Yo of head

5 4 -56, fig. 2 l ; Gloerfelt-Tarp and Kailola, 1 985 : 1 28- length. Nape distinctly convex. Pectoral fn 57.lYo 129. and pelvic frn50.60/o of head length. Dorsal fin low, Cephalopholis miniatus Monkolprasit, 1983:4; longest spine 28.2 % of body depth, caudal fin Masuda et al., 1985: 128, pl. ll3-K; Munro, rounded. Gill raker 14 on lower rim, first arch. 1967:212,p1.33. Colour: Head andbody reddish; pectoral, soft dorsal, English Name: Blue spot rock-cod. soft anal and caudal fins dark red to black; tip ofven- Thai Name: Pla ka rang dang jued see far. tral fin black; head and nape dark red with scattered white spots. Material examined : 6 specimens @I\BC 66'7 3, 6643, 6M, 9837, 9854, MCA 026 4), TL. 26. 4-3 1 .7 cm. Locality: Phuket, Satun, Andaman Sea.

Description:D. IX 15-16: A.III, 9;P, l7-18. Remarks: This species is drstinguished from the other Body stout, compressed; preopercle border Cephalopholrs species by having a bright red body, smooth. Depth 33.5%, andheadlength 38.9% ofstan- brown network on head. dorsal and anal fins. dark dard length. Eye 14.3 Yo, and longest dorsal spine pectoral and caudal fins. 22.9Yo ofhead length. Dorsal fin without deep notch, pelvic fin short and not reaching anus; caudal fin rounded. Genus Cr omilept e s Swainson

Colour: Red, belly lighter, small blue spots scattered on body except on pectoral and pelvic fins, outer bor- Diagnosis: Body oblong, very compressed, covered der of pelvic fin blue, chin and belly without spots. with smallcycloid scales. Head smaLl, mncave. Mouth large, oblique and protactile, maxillary with supple- Locality: Phuket, Satun, Andaman Sea. mental bone. Preoperculum serrated with strong teeth at rounded angle; operculum with two weak spines. Remarks: This species is distincguished from other Ten dorsal spines and three anal spines. Pectoral and species of the genus by having red body with many caudal fins rounded. Only one species known. The dark edged blue spots on head, body and median fins, small fish is recognized as an ornamental species, but which are denser posteriorly. Outer half of pectoral the large one is known as the best food fish and it is fin yellow. Common around coral reefs. the most expensive too. 102 Taxonony and biolog,, of fishesfrom the Andaman Sea.

10. Cromileptes ahiv elis ll. Epinephelus amb ly ceph alus (Cuvier & Valenciennes, I 828) @leeker,1857) @ig.l0A&B) (Fig 1l)

Cromi leptes altive lis Randall and Heemstra, l99l7 3 - Epine phe lus amb lycephalus Randall and Heemstra,

15, frg. 33; Masuda et al., 1985:132, pl. 118-F; 1 99 I : 95-96, fi g. 39 40' Masuda et al., I 985 : I 29, pl. Munro, 1967:268, pl. 32, Fischer and Bianchi, II4-H; Gloerfelt-Tirp and Kailol4 1985:I30-13 L 1984:SERRANCromil l. English name: Yellow lipped rock-cod. English name: Panther frstr, humpback grouper. Thai name: Pla ka rang hok taab. Thai name: Pla ka rang na ngon. Material examined: 3 specimens @MBC 6169, 9833, Material examined: 2 specimens (PMBC 6178, NICA MCA I 186), TL. 20.4-25.5 qn 08ll),TL. 9.4-28.2cm Description:D.)il, 15; A.III, 8;P,. 18. Description:D.X,l7; A. m, 10. Head rather pointed, madllary reaching hindbor- Head pointed; maxillary reaching to hind border of der ofeye. Eye2}%oofhead length; head long, 40.6yo eye; no canine teeth onjaws; concave profile ofdor- of standard length. Depth 372Yq and pectoral fin sal head. Posterior nostril in a crescentic slit and bie- 26.1yoof standardlength. Scales ctenoid, small, lat- ger than the anterior nostril. Scales rycloid. eral line scales with simple tube. Teeth on mid side of lower jaw in 2 rows. Pelvic fin long, nearly reaching Colour: White or grey, body and fins scattered with anusl caudal fin rounded. round black spots. Colour: Light grey brown, 5 large brown cross bands I-ocality: Phuket, Andaman Sea. on body extending to the dorsal and anal fins; ante- rior part ofhead brown, a brown saddle on nape. Each Remarks: This species is distinguished from other cross band lined with scattered small black spots. senanidsby the long, slit-like posterior nostrils;body high, strongly compressed, upper profile of head I-ocality : Phuket, Andaman Sea. deeply concave. Ten dorsal spines. Remarks: Easily distinguished from the other spe- cies by a bright yellow colour of maxillary groove, Genus Ep in ep h e lu s Bloch seven broad dark cross bands on head and body, each edged by series of small black spots. Caught by bot- Diagnosis: Body rather robust, more or less com- tom longJine and traps. pressed, covered with small ctenoid scales. Head scaly, mouth large, protactile with small teeth in bands onjaws, vomer and palatines, anterior teeth enlarged; 12. Epinephelus areolatus (Forsskal, 1775) maxillary exposed with zupplementarybone; lowerjaw (Frg l2) prominent, scaly. Preopercular margin serrate. Elwen dorsal spines and three anal spines; pectoral fin Epinephelus areolatusRandall and Heemstra, 199 I :99- rounded; caudal fin truncate, rounded or emarginate. 1 0 1, fi g. 43 ; Masuda e t al., 1985 : 128-129, pl. I 14-C; There are many species mainly in the Indo-Pacific. Munro, 196'7'.273-2'74, pl. 33; Gloerfelt-Tarp and Colour marking of most species change, especially Kailola, 1985:130-131; Fischer and Bianchi, with growth. Numerous species of this genus are valu- 1984:SERRANEphi 4. able food fishes widely distributed in all tropical and subtropical seas. Most of them attain large size. Engtish name: Areolated grouper. Twenty species found at Phuket Island. Thai name: Pla ka rang lai hang tat. Phuket mar biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no. 12(1993) 103

Material examined: 6 specimens (PNBC 5455,6151, Remarks: This species differs from other Epinephelus 6t52, 6153, 983 5, MCA 089?, TL. t6.2-23.6 cm. in having a truncate caudal fin. Head, body, dorsal fin and upper third of caudal fin with small orange-yellow Description: D.)O, I 5-16; A.III, 8. spots, the lower two-thirds of caudal fin dark brown. A fairly small fish with slender and compressed Common species in the market. body; preopercle finely serrated on hind margin, two enlarged spinules at the angle, three flat opercular 14. Epinep h elus c aeruleopunctatus spines. Teeth in narrow bands in two series, canine in (Bloclr. 1790) front ofjaws. Dorsal fin long, caudal fin truncate. €ig.la)

Colour: Pale brown; body covered by dark yellow or Epinephelus caeruleopunctatus Randall and

light brown spots which are darker on the fins, caudal Heemstra, 199 I : I I 1- I 14, fig. 5 1-53; Munro, 1967:

fin, soft part ofdorsal fin and anal edges dusky with 21 7 -27 8, pl. 3 4 ; Gloerfelt-Tarp and Kailol4 I 985 : I 3 0- whiterim. 13 l; Masuda et al., 1985:13L pl. I 17-D, E.

Locality: Phuket, Andaman Sea. English name: Ocellated rock

Description: DX, 14; A.III, 8; P,, 1 9; G.R 8+l+14. 13. Epineph elus b leekeri (Yaillant, 1 877) Head pointed, body rather elongate; head length @ig.13) 40.'|yo, andbody depth 30.5% of standard length; eye I 8. 7% of head length. Maxillary reaching to llnd bor-

Ep i n ep h e lu s b I e e keri Randall and Heemstra, I 99 I : I 05- der of eye, lower jaw wrth 5 rows of teeth on the mid

106, fig. 47; Gloerfelt-lbrp and Kailol4 1985 : I 30- side; palatrne teeth present. Posterior nostril about 2

13 I ; Fischer and Bianchi, 1984: SERRAN Epin 6. times larger than anterior nostril. A long dorsal fin. Membranes of spinous portron of dorsal fin incised; Engtish name: Bleeker's grouper pelvrc fin not reaching anus; caudal fin rounded. Thai name: Pla ka rang jued leang. Colour: Dark brown, belly and chin grey brown, white Material examined: 4 specimens (PMBC 6154, 6155, spots scattered on dorsal fin and body. Fins dark 6156, NICA 1024),TL.16.6-54.5 cm. brown.

Description: A large fish, with an elongate and com- Incality : Phuket, Andaman Sea. pressed body; preoperculum with a convex and ser- rated edge , a shallow notch above angle, three flat Remarks: This fish is distinguished from other opercular spines. Canine in front of jaws, teeth in Epinephelus by the small and large white spots on bands in 2 series, A long dorsal fin, caudal fin slightly body, and a black streak on upper edge ofmaxrllary rounded. groove. Caught by trap and hand-line.

Colour: Light brown body, belly creamy, orange spots 15. Epinephelus cofutides (Hamilton, 1822) scattered on head, body and fins; caudal fin with or- @ig ls) ange spots on upper part, dusky black on lower part.

Large fish (70 cm) dusky over whole caudal fin. Epine phe lus c o i o i de s Randalland Heemstr4 l99I'.122- 125,fig.59. I-ocalitv: Phuket. Andaman Sea. r04 Taxonony and biologt of fishesfrom the Andaman Sea.

Epin eph e lu s m a I ab ari cus Gloerfelt-Tarp and Kailola, Body oblong, compressed. Interorbital space

1 985 : 1 3 2- I 3 3 ;Manda e t al., 1985 :129, pL l I 4-E, F. slightly convex, eye large. Head length 40.8-43.404, body depth 29 .5-33.3Yoin SL. Mouth large; maxillary Engtish name: Orartge spotted grouper. extending slightly beyond posterior margin of eye. A Thai name: Plakarangpakmae nam. pair ofcanine teeth on each side ofsymphysis in each jaw, teeth on side of lower jaw in two rows. Opercular Material examined: 2 specimens (PMBC 9839, NICA spines very flat; the prominent middle one most pos- 1265),TL.31.4 -34.0cm. terior and about equidistant to upper and lower spines or slightly closer to the lower ones. Posterior border Description:D. )(I, 15;A.III, 8;P,. 19;Ll. 5660. ofpreopercle finely serrated. Scale rows above lateral Body moderately elongate, robust; maxillary ex- line to caudal base I 05 - I 20; pore scales in lateral line tending to posterior border of eye . Gill raker 9+ I + I 5 ; to caudal base 57 -66', and scale rows from lateral line 2 rows ofteeth on the mid side of lower jaw. Preopercle to base of soft dorsal 13-14. Gill rakers moderately hnely serrated, with 3 spines atthe angle, interopercle long, but shorter than gill-lamellae. Ventral fin inserted smooth. Dorsal fin with shallow notch membrane of below base of pectoral fin. Caudal fin rounded. spinous part incised. Depth 28.5%, head length 40.6% and pectoral length 24.lyo of standard length; eye Colour: Light browrL with irregular rows of small dark 13 .5yo, and longest dorsal spine 26. l% ofhead length. brown spots on body (rows in juveniles, become Caudalfin rounded. smaller and more numerous in adults; absent in large fish). 3 dark bands on head, uppermost from eye Colour: Light yellowish-brown, with five indistinct, through opercular flap to caudal base (especially in oblique, broad dark bands on body and head. Orange fresh young fi sh), lowermost in maxillary groove. Fins brown with unequal sized spots scattered on body yellowish brown, the corners ofcaudal fins and soft and fins; chin and belly creamy white. portions of the dorsal and anal fins with whitish mar- gin.

I-ocality : Phuket, Andaman Sea. Remarks: Ttus species is distinguished by two di- Remarks: This species closely resembles E. agonal dark brown streaks on cheek and operculum, malabaricus, but differs in having orange-brown upper haHofbody with scattered dark brown dots. spots on body and fins, and no spots on the lower Caught by vertical-bottom long line in the Andaman sideof lowerjaw. Seaat 100-200 mdepth.

16. Epineph elus epistictus 17 . Epinephelus erythrurus (Iemminck and Schlegel, I 842) (Valenciennes. 1828) (Fig.16) (Fig 17t

Epinephelus epistictus Randall and Heemstra, Epinephelus erythrurus Randall and Heemstra, I 99 I : I 3 7- I 40, frg. 6 8 ; Gloerfelt-Tarp and Kailola, l99l142-143,fig.70. 1985: 1 32-133 ;Masada et a/., 1985 : 13 l, pl. I 17-A; Ep ine phe lu s neb u Io sa s Monkolprasit, I 983 : 5. Fischer and Bianchi, 1984: SERRAN Epin 3 I . English name: Cloudy grouper English name: Black spotted grouper. Thai name: Pla ka rang lat tuk kae. Thai name: Plakarang si namtan. Material examined: l0 specimens, PMBC 615'7-6I, Material examined: 2 specimens @MBC 9856, NICA 9836, NICA0546. TL. 24.0-30.5 crn 0918). TL. 61.0 cm. Description: D.)fl, 16; A.III, 8; P,. 18-19. Description: D. )il, 13-15; A. III, 8-9;P,. 16-18, GR(8- Body oblong, compressed; mouth nearly horizon- 10)+(13-15);Lt.57.ff. Phuket mar. biol. Cent Spec. Publ. no. I2(1993) 105

tal, maxillary reaching a little beyond eye. Eye l7 .3%o head length. Pelvic fins not reaching anus, 39.8-41.0 of head length .Dqth34.2Yo, head length 4 4.4o/o,pec- % ofhead length. Soft dorsal, anal and caudal fins toral fin 23.10 of standard length. Scales ctenoid, broadly rounded. mafllary naked, 2-3 rows of teeth on mid side of lower jaw. A long dorsal fin, soft rays reaching to end of Colour: Body red-orange, with 6 dark-red tranwerse caudal base, caudal fin rounded. bands on side. Dorsal part of head dark reddishbrown, a conspicuous black triangle on membrane behind tip Colour: Brown, two dark streaks across cheek and ofeach dorsal fin spine. operculum, a dark line on upper edge of maxillary groove, coarse dark reticulationpattern onbody, fins I-ocality : Phuket, Andaman Sea. darkbrown. Remarks: This species is distinguished from other

Locality : Phuket, Andaman Sea. Epinephelusby having triangularblack areas on dis- tal part of interspinous membrane of the dorsal fin, Remarks: The specimens in the Reference Collection and 5-6 dark tranwerse bands on the side ofbody. (PMBC 6|57 -6l)identified as E nebulosusby D.M. Carlsson in 1973, were examined by the authors and 19. Epinephelas fuscogutatus (Forsskal, I 775) renamed E. erythrurus. The latter species is distin- (Fig.le) guished by having spinous membranes on portion of dorsal fin slightly incised; body darkbrown with large Epinephe lus fuscoguttatus Randall & Heemstra, pl. irregular pale blotches. No distinct dark spots over I 99 1 : 1 57-1 59, fig. 7 1 ; Mastfia et al., I 985 : I 3 l, most of head and body. Two dark streaks on cheek 1 17-H; Munro, 1961 :277, pl. 3 4. and operculum. Common species in the market English name: Browr marbled grouper. 18, Epinephelus fasciatus Sorsskal, I 775) Thai name: Pla ka rang lai hin on. (Fig 18) Material examined: 2 specimens (PMBC 9852, NICA Epinephelus fasciatus Randall and Heemstra, 0798), TL. 25.8-50.5 cm. 199 l: 146-152, frg. 7 3 ; Gloerfelt-Thrp and Kailola, 14;A. III, 8;P,. 18-19. I 985; I 32- I 3 3 ; Fisher and Bianchi, I 984: SERRAN Description:D.X, Epin 8; Masuda et al., 1985:129,p1. I 15-B. Body oblong, depth 34. l7o, and head length 43.4yo of standard length; e1'e 13.6yo, and the longest dorsal extending well English name : Red banded gtouPer. spine 26.87o ofhead length. lvlaxillary Thai name: Pla ka rang dang. behind eye; interorbital space flat. Gill raker 10+ 1+( 16- l7); teeth on mid side of lower jaw in three rows. Dor- Material examined: 4 specimens, PMB C6173,6174, sal profile just behind orbit distinctly convex, mem- (14),TL. 19.7-29.8cm brane ofdorsal spines incised. Caudal fin rounded.

Description: D, )il, 17; A. III, 8; P,. 18-19, Ll. 50-58. Colour: Olive to light brown in ground colour, matbled Body oblong, interorbital space flat. Maxillary with dark brown blotches on head, body and fins nearly reaching to posterior margin of eye. Narrow bands of teeth in both jaws, and with pair of symphysial I-ocality: Phuket, Satun, Andaman Sea. canine teeth. Preopercle serrated. Head length 38.5- 42.2yo,and body depth 32.6'35.0oh ofsandard length. Remarks: This species closely resembles E' Snout length 18.1-18.8 %o, andeye diameter 25.2-27 .0 polyphekadion, but is distinguished by the strongly % of head length. Pectoral fin large, 64.0-65.0 % of convex dorsal profile of head posterior to the 106 Taxonony and biologt of fishesfrom the Andaman Sea,

interorbital, reddish-brown body with 2 pale tranwerse Material examined: I specimen (PMBC 9858), TL. bands on lowerjaw, and more pectoral fin rays. Caught 122.3crt by hand line and trap. Description:D.)(I, 15; A.III, 8,P, 19;Ll. 60. 20. Epin ephelus heniochus F owler, I 904 Body oblong, slightly compiessed. Head 45.0%o (Fie.20) andbody depth 31.7% of standard length. Eye small, 8.0% ofhead length. Preopercle rounded, finely ser- Epinephelus heniochus Randall and Heemstra, rated; maxillary extends beyond posterior margin of 199 1 : 163-166, fig. 7 9;Masuda et al., 1985 : 13 1, pl. eye. Small canine teeth at front ofjaws. Body scales I I 6-G; Gloerfelt-Tary and Kailol4 I 985 : I 3 2- I 3 3. rycloid, each lateral line scale with 4-6 radiating tu- bules. Soft dorsal, anal and caudal fins rounded. Pel- English name: Bridled glouper. vic fins short. Thai name: Pla ka rangkhao. Colour: Juveniles variegated brown and yellow, fins Material examined: I specimen (MCA I I94), TL. 8.3 yellow with dark brown spots and blotches; adults cm dark greyish to brown with pale mottlings.

Description: D.)il, 15; A.III, 8; P,. 12. Locality: Phuket, Andaman Sea. Body oblong, head pointed; maxillary reaching the vertical at hind border of eye. Eye 22.2o/o of head Remarks: This species is distinguished by having 4- length, head 38.0 Yo, depth31.6 yo, and pectoral fin 6 strong radiating tubules on lateral line scales. Eye 25 .3 %o of standard length, respectively. Ti:eth on lower small, broad interorbital space and short dorsal spines. jaw 2-3 rows; gill raker 7 on upper limb. Lateral line Caught by trap and hand line. with single tube scales, scales ctenoid; caudal fin rounded. 22. Epinep h elus malsb aric u s (Bloch and Schneider. I 80 1) Colour: Light brown on back and sides, belly white, Fis.22) fins hyaline, three brown stripes radiating from eye to opercle, upper two from eye to opercle, the last from Epine phe lus mal ab ar i cus Randall and Heemstra, under the eye to lower border ofopercle, brown spots l99l: 194-198, fig. 99-100. scattered on upper part of sides. Epine phe lus salmoi des Masuda et al., 1985 :130, pl. 115-J,K. I-ocality: Phuket, Andaman Sea. English name: Malabar grouper. Remarks: Body relatively uniform pale brown, 2-3 Thai name: Pla ka rangjued dum. brown stripes postero-ventrally from eye. Common species inbottom trawl catch in the Andaman Sea. Material examined: 2 specimens (PMBC 9840, NICA 1281)TL. 23.4-26.2cn" 21. Epinephelus lanceolatus @loch, 1790) @ig2l) Description:D. )C, 14-15; A.III, 8;P, 18-19; Ll. 5562. Body rather elongate, adult nearly rylindrcial, ro- Promicrops lanceolatus Munro, 1967:273, pl. 33; bust; young fi sh compressed. Maxillary reaching be- Masuda et al., 1985'.132, pl. I 18-E; Fischer and hind eye, preopercle finely serrated, with three short Bianchi. 1984:SERRAN Promic 1. spines at the angle. Depth 30.9%, and head length Epinephelus lanceolatus Randall and Heemstra, 4L2Vo of standard length. Eye 15.2%o, and longest 19 9 l'. l'7 6-17 9, fig. 86{7; dorsal qpine 27. l% ofhead length. Caudal fin rounded.

English name: Brindle grouper. Colour: Dark brown on upper part of head and body, Thai name: Pla mo ta-lae. ventrally light grey, numerous smallblackish spots on Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no. I2(i,993) 107

head, body and fins, especially on chin and belly; fins spots. darkbrown. I-ocality : Phuket, Andaman Sea. Locality: Phuket, Satun, Andaman Sea. Remarks: This species closely resembles E. dark Remarks: This species closely resembles E' coioides, quoyanus, but differs in having distinct small base and median fin. These spots but differs in having blackish brown spots on head , spots on pectoral fin the body and chin. Distinguished from E t auvin a in hav- are smaller than those on body. Uncommon in ing a slightly convex interorbital (slightly concave in market E. tauvina), less lateral line scales (55'62 in E' malabaricus, against 65-'74 in E. tauvina) 2 rows of 24. Epinqhelus monhua (Valenciennes, 1833) teeth on mid side of lower jaw and no distinct dark @ig.2a) spot at the base oflast 4 dorsal spines. Epinephelus monhuaRandalland Heemstr4 I 99 I : 2 I I -

Bianchi, 1 984 : SERRAN 23. EPinePhelus mena Bloch' I 793 213, fi,g. 109 ; Fischer and 44; Masuda et al., 1985: 13 l, Pl. I 16-H. @ig.23) Epin Epinephe lus cometae Tanaka, 1927 ; p. 7 04, pl. I59,

I 9 9 I : 2 0 5 - frg.445. Ep i n e ph e lu s m e t a Ptan'Jall and Heemstra, 208, fig. 106; Fischer and Bianchi, I 984:SERRAN group€r. Epin zlo;Masuda et a1.,1985:130, pl' 116-C;Munro' English name: Comet hatab. 1967:216,P1.34. Thai name: Plaka rang

6167, NICA Engtish name: Dwarf spotted grouper. Material examined: 2 specimens @MBC Thai name: Pla ka rang lai dok. 1265),TL.3 1.045.4 cm

15-16; Ll. Material examined: 2 specimens @MBC 6162, 6L63), Description: D.)il, 14; A.Itr, 8; P,. ffi46. TL.19.420.2cm Body oblong, compressed; maxillary reaching be- low posterior margin of orbit; teeth on mid side of 12 4 knob-like gill rakers on Description:D. X 16; A.III, 8;P. 16-17;Ll.48-51' lowerjaw in two rows. and 3 head length 45. 3 % of stan- Body slender; maxillary reaching to posterior mar- lower arch. D€pth 3%, and 15 and interorbital space I I . 8% gin of eye. Two rows of teeth on mid side of lower jaw dard length; eye .6Yo, rounded. Preoperculum rounded, serrated behind, with large of head length. Caudal fin serrated angle, margins of subopercle and interopercle o/o, run- smooth. Head length 38.1-39.8 and body depth Colour: Body pale browrq five dark brown bands oZ o/o, the first band across 32.'7 -3 4.5 of standard length. Snout 22'l'22.5 ning obliquely on side ofbody, at middle of spinous and eye diameter 20.6-20.9 Vo of head length. Fourth the nape, the second and third the from to ninth dorsal spines subequal, the longest 32'8-38. I part of dorsal fin to border ofopercle, the fourth eye, behind opercle, the flfth on Yo of headlength; interspinous membranes of dorsal posterior of bifurcate caudal base; hns dusky; pecto- fi n incised. Caudal fin rounded; pectoral fi n 5 0. 7-6 I . 9 base ofpectoral fin to patch of dor- % of head length, pelvic fin not reaching anus, their ral fin yellow, no dark brown below base lenglh 43 .2-46. o % of head length. salfin.

Andaman Sea. Colour: Light brown to greemshwrth numerous large Locatity : Phuket, hexagonal reddish-brown spots extending on head This species closely resembles E. radiatus, and body; pale interspace forming a network pattern; Remarks: pattern of irregular ob- frns pale, with drstinct small darkbrown spots becom- but differs in having different Caught by bottom ing smaller towards the margins' Membrane behind lique bands on the side of body. tip of each dorsal spine with small, white edged, black longJine and ffawl net. 108 Taxonony and biologt of fishesfrom the Andaman Sea.

25. Epinephelus odofascidus (Griffin, 1926) Material examined: 2 specimens (PNBC 10026) TL. (Frg.25) 15.8-32.5cm

Epinephelus octofasciatus Randall and Heemstra, Description:D.X, 15-16;A. Itr, 8; P, 16-17;Ll. 50-51. l99l:217 -219. fig. 1 12-1 13. Body oblong; interorbital space fl-at, maxilla reach- Epinephe lus mystacinu s Mastda et al., I 985 : I 3 2, pl. ing to posterior edge of orbit. 2-4 rows of teeth on mid 118{. side of lower jaw. Nostrils subequal, fleshy upper margin of opercle strongly arched. Head length 40.7- English name: Eightbar grouper. 40.gYo,and body depth 30. 3-34.0% of standard length. Thai name: Pla ka rang paed taeb. Pectoral finlong 59.240.O%o,andpelvic fin shor! 39.8- 43.6yo, ofhead length. Eyes large, 19.4-25.4o/oof head Material examined: I specimen @MBC 10029) TL. 43.5 length. Membranes of spinous portion of dorsal fin cm incised, second and third anal spines subequal. Cau- dalfin rounded. Description:D. )il, 14: A. trI, 9:P, l9:Ll. 66. Body oblong; mouth oblique, forming an angle of Colour: Dark grey covered with small white spots on about 407o to the horizontal. Interorbital moderately body and median fins, spots on body of large adults convex. Two rows of teeth on mid side of lower jaw, tend to form irregular wa\y lines. Maxillary groove posterior nostrils vertically oval and enlarged. Ven- black. Posterior edge ofunpaired fins white. tral margin ofpreopercle with 2 small downward-pro- jecting spines; membranes of spinous portion of dor- Locality : Phuket, Andaman Sea. sal fin deeply incised. Head 46.0Yo, and body depth o/o, 16.6%o of standard length. Pectoral fin 52.3 and Remarks: This qpecies closely resembles E. summana, pelvic fin 38.6yo of head length; ratio of caudal pe- but difiers in having a longer pectoral fin, and white duncle length to peduncle depth 1.07. Caudal fin spots on body ofadults tending to form irregular lon- slightly rounded. gitudinal streaks. Caught from coral reef areas at 5-30 mdepth. Colour: Body dark gray, with 8 dark brown cross bands, the last bar very broad, covering all of dorsal part of 27 . Epin eph elus p o Iyp h ekadion caudal peduncle. Upper edge of maxillary groove is (Bleeker,1849) black. @ig28)

Remarks: This species differs from other species of Epine phe lus po lyphekadi on Randall and Heemstra, Epinephelus in having much larger posterior nostrils 199l:231-234,fig.120. and 8 dark brown cross bands on head and body. Epinephelus microdonMandaet a|.,I985:l3l, pl. I 17-

Caught by vertical bottom long-line, at depths of 120- G; Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 1985 : I 32-133. 250m English name: Camouflage grouper. 26. Epinephelus ongus @loct; 1790) Thai name: Pla ka rangjued dum. @igs26&21) Material examined: 2 specimens @MBC 9851, NICA Epinephelus ongas Randall and Heemstr4 I99l:219- 1519),TL. 44.846.4cm. 222, fig. 114-115:Fischer and Bianchi, ,16 I 984 : SERRAN Epin ; Gloerfelt-Tarp and Kailol4 Description:D.D( 15;A.Itr,8;P,. l7; Pr.l 5. l985:l3zl-135. Body oblong, rather robust, dorsal profile ofhead of adults smoothly convex. Head length 44.9Yo, and English name: Specklefin grouper. body depth 32.3yo of standard length. Eye 16.1% of Thai name: Pla ka rang kreep jued. head length. Longest dorsal spine (5th) 38.8% ofbody Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no. I2(1993) 109

depth. Maxillary extending beyond posterior border lncality: Phuket, Andaman Sea. of eye; teeth on middle of lowerjawwith 3 rows; gill raker 13-14 on lower part offirst arch. Lateral line Remarks: The specimens inthe Reference Collection scales with a single tube, more than 60 scales. Caudal (PI\GC 6164-66) identifi ed as E. me gac hir by D.M. fin rounded. Carlson in 1973 were examined by the authors and renamed E. quoyanus. This species is distinguished Colour: Brown, with inegular dark brown crossbands by 2 irregular oblique dark brown bands on thorax and on back and caudal peduncle, all the fins dark brown alarge semicircular dark brown spot on pectoral fin to black, small black spots scattered on head, body base. Very common species in the market. and fins.

I-ocality: Phuket, Satun" Andaman Sea. 29. Epinephelus radialus @ay, 1867) (Fig 30) Remarks: This species closely resembles E. atus Heemstr4 I99 I:243 - fuscoguttatus, but differs in havrng smoothly convex Epinephelus radi Randalland dorsal head profile. Pectoral fin dark; no transverse 244, fig. 127; Fischer and Bianchi, I 984 : SERRAN bands on lowerjaw 17 pectoral fin rays . Caught by Epin 50 ; Gloerfelt-Tarp and Kailol4 I 985 : I 3 4- I 3 5. handline andtrap. English name: Oblique-banded grouper. Thai name:Plaka ranglai rus sa mee. 28. Epinephelus quoY anus (Valenciennes, 1830) Material examined: I qp€ctunen (PMBC 9857), TL. 48.8 (Fig.2e) cm

Epinephelus quoyanus Randall and Heemstra, Description:D. )(I, 14; A.Itr,8;P,, 16. o/o 199 | :240 -243, frg. 125 -126; Gloerfelt-Tarp and Body compressed; head large,44.1 of standard Kailola. 1985:134-135; Fischer and Bianchi, lengtl, body depth 33.8Vo of standard length; snout yo I 984:SERRAN Epin 49; Monkolpnsit 1983 :5. 22.3 of head length, interorbital space nearly flat. Epinephelus megachir Munro, 1967:274, Pl. 34; Maxillary nearly extendingtoposterior margin of eye. Mandaet al.l985:130, Pl. 348-G. Two rows of teeth on mid side of lower jaw. Posterior nostril oval, larger than anterior one. Eye 16"4o/oof English name: Honey comb glouPer. head length, preopercle serratd with 3 enlarged serrae o/" Thai name: Plakarang 2a. at the angle. Third dorsal spine longest, 31.9 of head length, interspinous membranes of dorsal fin yo, Material examined: l0 specimens (PMBC 6164,6165, deeply incised. Pectoral fin large, 4'7 .8 and pelvic 6166,9841, NICA 1260), TL. 19.3-28.3 cm fin 36.1 % ofhead length (not reaching anus).

Description: D.)tr, 16; A.III, 8; P,, 17-18; Ll. 48-5 1. Colour: Body yellow brown with 5 irregular oblique A small fish with compressed body; maxillary reach- dark-edged brown bands passing downward and for- ing behind the eye; teeth in 2 series on lower jaw. Eye ward, the midddle two bands bifurcating to about 22Toof head,lengttr"head3lo/o,depth27.3oloandpec- center ofbody. An irregular dark edged band extend- toral fin 24.2%oof standard length, respectively. Scales ing posteriorly from eye, 2 nanow oblique dark brown ctenoid, longitudinal series 88. Membrane between bands on cheek. dorsal spines incised. Caudal fin rounded. Locality: Andaman Sea. Colour: Whitish, numerous large reddish-brown hex- agonal blotches on the head, body and fins, reddish- Remarks : This species closely resembles E. morrhua, brown bands on thorax and anterior ofthe pectoral E. poecilonotus and,E. cometae,but differs in having fin. 110 Taxonony and biologt of fishesfrom the Andaman Sea.

different pattern ofirregular oblique bands. Caught Material examined: I specimen (MCA 1890), TL. 77.0 byverticalbottom long-line atthe depth of 100-250 m. cm

30.Epinep h ela s s exfas cialu s Description: D.X, 15; A. Itr, 8; P,. 18-19; Ll. 70. (Valenciennes, 1828) Body rather elongate, robust, posteriorly com- @ig31) pressed. Maxillary extending to hind border of eye; teeth on middle of lower jaw in three rows. Depth Epinephelus sexfasciatus Randall and Heemstra, 31.'|yo, and head length 41.8 yo of standard length; 199l:225-25'7 ,fig. 134;. Gloerfelt-Tarp and Bianchi, eye I2.2 Yo, and. longest dorsal spine 18% of head 1 985 : 1 34-l 3 5; Munro, 1967 :27 6, pl. 34. length. Dorsal fin low compared to the depth ofbody, 23.8 yo of depth. Caudal fin rounded. English name: Coral cod, six-banded grouper. Thai name: Pla ka rang lai hok tap. Colour: Body light brown, small dark orange spots scattered on head, body and fins. Chin and belly whitg Material examined: 6 specimens (PMBC 6157,6158, no spots.

6159, 61ffi ,6 16 I ; MCA 1278),TL. 18.8-22.6 cm. Locality: Andaman Sea. Description: D.X, 16; A.Itr, 8; P, 16-17. Body slightly elongate; maxillary reachingto hind Remarks: This species closely resembles E. border of eye; preopercle finely serrated with two malabaricus and E coioides, but differs in having spines at the angle; interorbital convex. Depth 30%, slightly concave interorbital, more lateral line scales and head length 38.8% of standard length, longest (65-7 4),3-4 rows ofteeth on mid side of lower jaw, and dorsal spine 34%ioofheadlength. Three rows of teeth alarge dark spot at the base oflast four dorsal spines. on mid side of lower jaw. Caudal fin rounded. 32. Epinep h elus un dulo su s Colour: Lightbrown, with sixbrown cross bands, the (Quoyand Gaimar{ 1824) first on nape, the last on caudal peduncle; fin pale, (Frg.33) soft portion of dorsal and caudal fins with small dark brown spots. Epinephelus undulosus Randall and Heemstra, 199l:284-286, frg, 152: Fisher and Bianchi, Locality: Phuket, Andaman Sea. 1984: SERRAN Epin. 57; Gloerfelt{arp andKailola

1985 : i34- 13 5 ; Monkolprasit 1983 :5. Remarks: This species is characterized by the verti- cal bands on body. Blackish brown spots are present English name: Waly-line grouper. on caudal fin, and on the soft parts ofdorsal and anal Thai name: Pla ka rang lai sen. fins. Very common species in the trawl catch. Material examined: 1 specimen@MBC 10028). TL. 33.0cm 31. Epinephelas tsavina (Forsskal, 1775) @ig.32) Description:D.K, 18;A. Itr, 8; P, 18. Body oblong, compressed; interorbital space con- Epinephelus tauvjna Randell and Heemstra, 199l269- vex, suborbital deep. Maxilla not reaching posterior

21 3, fig. 143 ; Fischer and Bianchi, 1984 : SERRAN margin of eyes. Head length 36.8yo, and body length Epin 12; Munro, 196'7 :27 5,P1. 3 4. 31.0o% of standard length. Two rows of teeth on mid side of lower jaw, nostrils subequal. Membranes of English name: Greasy grouper spinous portion of dorsal fin not incised, third anal Thai name: Pla ka rang nam luek. spine clearly longer than the second. Caudal fin trun- Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no. 12(1993) t11

cated. Pectoral frn 49.50/", and pelvic fin 37 .3 o/o of jaws. Opercle with 3 flat spines, the upper and lower head length. covered by skin. Body depth nearly equal to head length, about 31.0-33.0 7o ofstandard length. Snout Colour: Body brownish gray with golden brown dots 32.4 oh of head length. Pectoral fin 50.0 o/o and pelvic on head and slightly wary longitudinal lines on ap- fin54.6 % of head length. Caudal fin emarginate. proximately the upper half of body. Colour: Greenish gray to brownish orange-red, with Locality: Phuket, Andaman Sea. darkrdgedblue spots onhead, body, and medianfins. Spots on head and front part ofbody larger and more Remarks: This species is distingrushedby 12-14 wavy elongate, becoming smaller on posterior part and fins. longitudinal golden brown lines on upper half of body No blue spots on lower thorax and abdomen. Pectoral and not incised membranes of spinous portion of dor- fin dark brown, with a single blue spot dorsally on sal fin. Not so common in the market. pectoral fin base.

Genus Ple ctr opomus Cwier I-ocality : Andaman Sea.

Diagnosis: Body elongate, compressed, covered with Remarks: This species differs from other ciliated scales. Head convex, naked on the front. Plectropomus by having moderate size of blue spots Mouth large, protractile, maxillary with supplemental on head and body, some spots on head. Anterior body bone, lower jaw prominent, scaly anterior, and camne elongate. Pelvic fins without blue spots. lateral teeth. Preoperculum rounded nearly entire, operculum with three flat spines, Seven to eight dor- 34. Pledropomus leopardus (Lacepede, 1802) sal spines and three anal spines. Pectoral fin rounded, @ig3s) caudal fin truncate inyoung, emargtnate in adult. The species grow to alarge size and are widely distributed Plectropomus leopardus Randall and Heemstra, from Red Sea, East Africa to Pacific Islands, China, 199l:294-295, fig. 158; Fischer and Bianchi,

Japan, Australia, Fiji, Samoa, etc. Two species are 1 984 : SERRAN Plec. I ; Masuda e t al., 7985 :126, pl. known from Phuket Island. Thailand. lll-D,E.

33. Plec'tropomus maculslus @loch, 1790) English name: Leopard coral trout. Fig3a) Thai name: Pla ka rang luengjued far.

Plectropomus maculatus Randall and Heemstra, Material examined : I qpecimen (NICA 0943 ), TL. 3 9. 8 l99l'.295, fig. 159; Gloerfelt-Tarp and Kailola, cm

I 985 : I 36- I 37 ; Fisher and Bianchi, I 984 : SERRAN Description: Body rather elongate; ruxillary extend- Plec 4. ing to the vertical of the posterior border of pupil; Plectropoma maculatumMwto, 1967 :269,pI. 32. lowerjaw projecting. Preopercle smooth, lower mar- gin with three short spines, pointed downwards. A English name : Spotted coral-trout. pair of canine teeth on anterior of both jaws. Depth Thai name: Pla ka rang luang jued fa. 28.6yo, and head length 32.8% of standard length. Eye 16 .9%o, and longest dorsal spine 2 5.676 of head lengttt, Material examined: I specimen @MBC 6180),TL. 38.2 pectoral fin 16.8%o of standard length. Caudal fin cm emarginated.

Description: D.VItr, l1; A.Itr, 8;P,. 15, Ll. 92. Colour: Bright red or redorange, numerous blue dots Body elongate, snout naked, maxillawith a small on head, body and median fins. Spots on chin and patch of very small scales posteriorly. Interorbital belly absent, dots on head not elongated, smaller than space flat, a pair ofsmall canine teeth at front ofboth pupil. 112 Taxonony and biologt of fishes from the Andaman Sea.

I-ocatity: Satun, Andaman Sea. 59 .'7 %o of head length. The middle rays of the anal fin just reaching the caudal fin base. Remarks: This species closely resembles P. maculatus,but differs in having convex distal margin Colour: Body with irregular horizontal red bands al- ofbroadly rounded anal fins. Head, body and median ternating with narrow yellow lines. Head orange-yel- fins covered with small blue spots, all spots on head low with numerous small pink spots. Caudal fin with a andbody rounded. Uncommon in the market. white line centroposteriorly, preceeded by a black sub- marginal line. Dorsal, pectoral and anal frns without Genus Variola Swainson distinct yellow posterior border.

Diagnosis: Body elongate, moderately compressed, Incality: Andaman Sea. covered with small ctenoid scales. Head coveredwith in the Reference collection rycloid scales. Mouth large, protractile, maxillarywith Remarks: The specimen supplemental bone, lowerjaw prominent, teeth in jaw is mrsidentifi ed as V I ou t i by D.M. Carlsson i n 197 2. V pluriseriate, the inner series enlarged, two curved ca- albimarginata differs fromV louti in having a white nines anterior inboth jaws and one ortwo canines on posterior margin of caudal fin, but lacking broad yel- each side of the mandible, also teeth on vomer and low borders posteriorly on the fin. The middle rays of palatine. Preoperculum more or less finely serrated, the anal finjust reaching caudal fin base, and short operculum with thee spines. Nine dorsal spines and pelvicfin. three anal spines, pectoral fin rounded, caudal fin lu- nate, lobes produced. Two species of the tropical DISCUSSION Indo-Pacific known. The short period available for collection of grou- 35. Variola albimarginata Baissac, 1952 pers from the Andaman Sea gave a lower number of (Fig 36) species than recorded by Monkolprasit (1983). The species account is the same, no new species or new Variola albimarginala Randall and Heemstra, record were found, but the names of the species are 1985 pl. 5 1 99 1 : 303-305, fi g. 166; Mazuda et al., :126, different because of synonym problems. There are

I I I -C; Fischer and Bianchi, 1 984 : SERRAN Vari 2. genera with 47 species in the "Fishes of Indo-Austra- Variola louti Gloerfelt-Tarp and Kailola, 1985; lian Archipelago" (Weber and de Beaufort, I 93 l) be- Monkolprasit, 1983:6. longing to the zubfamily Epinephelinae. For the Indo- Pacific Fishes 17 species of Cephalopholis and 7'7 Engtish name: White-edge lyetail. species of Epinephelu.twere reported, which is much Thai name: Pla ka rang hang wong duen. higher than the number we have collected. However, the present authors will continously study the grou- Material examined: I specimen (PMBC 6179), TL.35.0 pers of the Andaman Sea and occasionally report in cm order to make the study complete in near future.

Description: D. D! 14; A. itr, 8 ;P 18. The species ofgrouper in this collection seem to Dorsal profile of head smoothly convex. Snout, be identical to species collected ten years ago, but interorbital and maxilla naked, interolbital space slightly unfortunately the quantity of each species has not convex, maxilla just reaching posterior margin of eye. been marked in the previous reports. In this short pe- Two large canine teeth on mid side of lower jaw. Pos- riod the authors found that the most abundant spe- terior margin of preopercle finely serrated, lower edge cies are Epinephelus sexfasciatus, E. areolatus and fleshy and smooth. Head length 36.9 yo, and body E. quoyanus, which cover 50% ofthe species found. depth 40.0 oZ of standard length. Dorsal spine rela- Moreover, this study could add about 15 species of tively short, the third to ninth subequal. Pelvic fin grouper in the Andaman Sea to the PMBC Reference short, not reaching anus, nearly equal to pectoral fin, Collection during the workshop. Phuket mar biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no, 12(1993)

Plate 9 Fig.l Aethaloperca rlrgaa cut from brown background .Fig.2 Anyperodon leucogrammicus cut from white background. Fig.3 Cephalopholis argus ctJl from green background. Fig.4 Cephalopholis aurantia cut from blue background. Fig.5 Cephalopholis boenak cut from green background. Photos by authors. Plate by Jorgen Hylleberg. 'faxonony I t1 and biology of fishesfrom the Andaman Sea

Plate 10 Fig 6 Cephalopholis cyanostigma cut from blue-green background. Fig.7 Cephalopholis formo.sa cut from blue-green background. Fig.8 Cephalopholis miniata culfrom gree n background, Ftg 9 Cephalopholis sonnerati cut from white background. Photos by authors. Plate by Jorgcn Hylleberg Phukel mar biol. Cent. Spec. Publ no l2(1993) I I5

A

l0

B

,,.'..',, *o ' ,it, {' * 'lt

ll

1.1

Plate 11 : Fig. 10 Cromileptes altivelis cut from light blue background. A = live specimen; ! presen'ed in formalin Thc biue colour (A) is caused by background smudging. Ftg.ll F,pinephelus amhlycephalus cut from bluc background. Fig.l2 F,pinephelus areolotus cut from green background Fig.l3 Epinephelus bleekeri cul from blue background. Photos b.v authors. Plate b1' Jorgen Hy'lleberg. I 16 Taxonony and biology of fishesfrom the Andaman Sea

L4

15

r6

17

l8

Plate12 Fig.14 Epinephelus caeruleopunctatus cuI from light green background. Fig.15 Epinephelus coioides cut from green background. Fig.16 Epinephelus epistictus cut from blue-green background. Fig.l7 Epinephelus erythrurus cut from blue-green background. Fig.18 Epinephelus fasciatus cut from green background. Photos by authors. Plate by Jorgen Hylleberg. Phuket mar biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no. l2(1993) ll7

l9

?n

2l

))

23 :,1::..:'.::.. . ::,.. -!i-' .. ';

Plate 13 Fig.19 Epinephelusfuscoguttatuscutfromblue-greenbackground.Fig.20 Epinephelusheniochuscutfrom blue background. Fig.21 Epinephelus lanceolatus cut from light blue background. Fig.22 Epinephelus malabaricus cut from off-white background.Fig.23 Epinephelus merra cut fromblue background. Photos by authors. Plate by Jorgen Hvllebere. 'faxonony II8 and biolog,, of fishes from the Andaman Sea

24

,,:,..1$&*&*

25

LI'

27

Platc 14 Fig.24 Epinephelus morrhua cut from rvhitc background. Fig. 25 Epinephelus octofascialas cut from bluc-grccn background. Presen ed specimen (formalin). Fig.26 Epinephelus orzgrls (uvenile) cut from grccn background. Fig.27 Lpinephelus ongas (adult) cut from green background. Photos by authors. Platc by Jorgcn Hylleberg. Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no. l2(1993) t19

2u

j)\. **-"* :r" i #i-T:riiry?]":?;= 29 I \ '' -*",'-

30

3l

32 ':g:,.i-.-.....-..:*b.

Platc 15 Fig28 tlpinepheluspolyphekadioncutfromgreenbackground.Fig.2gEpinephelusquoyanuscutfromblue background. Fig.30 Epinephelus radiatu.s cut from blue-grecnbackground. Fig.3L Epinephelus sexfascialus cut from rcd background. Fig.32 Epinephelus lauvina cut from bluish-grey background. Photos by authors. Plate bv Jorsen Hvlicberg. 120 Taxonony and biology of fishesfrom the Andamen Sea

33

&' e m* -e*;ip' .^\s>\: --l K:'

34

"%*el**u_

36

Plate 16 Fig.33 Epinephelus undulosus cut from blue background. Fig.34 Plectropomus maculatus. Fig.35 Plectropamus leopardus cut from black background. Fig.36 Variola albimarginata cut from green back- ground. Photos by authors. Plate by Jorgen Hylleberg. Phuket mar biol. Cent. Soec. Publ. no. 12(1993) I2I

The authors hope that this report will be helpful Mr. Anuwat Nateewathana, Head of Reference Col- for scientists and operators and also wtll motivate firr- lection Unit and PMBC staff for facilities and assis- ther studies of fish taxonomy in Thailand. tance. Dr. JorgenHylleberg, pMBC Darush Consult- ant, for reading and correcting the manuscript. Mr. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Jumroen Keokaew for tJping and arranging manu- scnpt. \\'e would hke to thank the Director of Phuket Marine Biological Center for holding this workshop.

REFERE.NCES

Banasopit, T. 1969. Handbook of the groupers (Serranidae) of the Thai waters. Marine Fishery Laboratory Department ofFisheries, Bangkok, Tharland. 77 p. (in Thai). Fischer, W. and G. Bianchi. 1984. FAO Species identification Sheets for Fisheries Purposes Western Indian Ocean. FAO, Rome, Italy. Gloerfelt-Tarp, T. and P.J. Kailola. 1985. Trawled fishes of southern Indonesia and Northwesthern Australia. ADAB, DGF and GTZ. National library of Australia, 406 p.

Masuda, H., K. Amoaka, C. Araga, T. Uyeno and T. Yoshino. 1985. The Fishes of the Japanese Archipelago . TokaiUruversityPress. Vol. I and Vol. 2. Monkolprasit, S. 1983. Systematic studies ofcoral-cods (Serranidae) fromthe Andaman Sea @huketProvince) Thailand. Kasetsart University Fi shery Re se arch Bulletin No. 14, 12 p. Munro, I. S.R. 1967. The Fishes of New Guinea. Department of Agriculture, Stock and Fishenes, Port Morsby, NewGuinea.650p. Randall, J.E. andPC. Heemstra.l99l.Indo-Pacificfishes: Revision oflndo-Pacrfic Groupers @erciformes : Serramdae : Epinephalinae), with description of five new species. Bernice Rauahi Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaai. No.20,322p. I )) Taxonony and biologt of fishes from the Andaman Sea.

Top: Platycephalidae TL. 6.7 mm. Center: Selaenidae. TL. 7.3 mm. Bottom: Carangidae TL. 5.7mm. Drawings by Vudhichai Janekarn. Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no. 12(1993) 127

nets and larval investigations were made bimonthly TV. SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL (1990-91) on the shelf and at the shelf break area. DISTRIBUTION He found high larval abundances (218 larvae/haul or 578 larvae/1000 m3) especially around the shelf slope In temperate waters, such as the North Sea, the region. As can be seen from all studies above, the migration patterns of cod to spawning and feeding number of larvae appears to be high near the man- grounds is well documented (Cushing, 1975). In grove areas and then to decrease offshore with a nar- tropical waters, however, such patterns are hard to row band of significantly elevated larval abundance observe since the spatial and seasonal changes in at the edge ofthe continental sheH. plankton productivity are not well defined as in tem- p€rate waters (see Fig. 2). Although spatial distribu- In the mangrove areas of Phang-Nga Bay, I cal- tion of fish lawae in the Andaman Sea was mapped culated larval abundances of commercial families, from two investigations made during the beginning which made up 35 o/o of the whole collection but more of the years I 982-83 (Janekarn and Kiorboe, I 99 lb), than 20 %o werc due to larvae of clupeids and more detailed investigations both in space and time engrualids (Janekarn and Boonruang, 1986). In the are needed in order to fill the gaps and to determine open areas of Phang-Nga Bay, larvae of commercial the significance of the spatial distributional patterns species were considerably more abundant than in the of fish larvae. Here. I summarize available informa- mangroves, accounting 78 % (Janekarn and Kiorboe, tion on larval fish distributions in coastal and off-

I 99 1 a). In coastal regions exposed to open sea along shore areas ofthe region. the west coast of Thailand, larvae of commercial spe- cies made up 14 oh, similar to the findings in Phang- Almost all larvae found in Phang-Nga mangrove Nga Bay, but carangid larvae accountedfor 2lo/"and channels were also captured in the enclosed Phang- clupeids and engnralids another l0 % (Janekarn and Nga Bay. Their adults are cornmon in coastal areas. Kiorboe, I 99 1b). Farther offshore, larvae of oceanic There are 4 types of mangrove fish as distinguished forms belonging to non-commercial species made up by Mongkolprasit (1983), viz. true residents, partial a considerable portion of the whole collection. Thus, residents, tidal visitors and seasonal visitors. Fish numbers of larvae of commercial families decreased larvae were less abundant in the innermost part of to 44 %o (Janekarn, 1992). Still, only few families the Bay where the water is considerably more turbid were reasonably abundant, e.g. lutjanids contribut' than in the outer part. Therefore, larval abundance ingl3 Yoandcarangids 7 % ofall larvae. declined towards the inner part of the Bay. However,

Table 2 Larval abundance in the Andaman Sea from 1. Janekam and Boonruang (1986) 2. Janekam and Kiorboe (l99la) 3. Janekarn and Kiorboe (199Ib) 4. Janekam (1992)

A Units I 2 -t a

Number/haul 947 382 74 218 (range) Q8267e) Q7Js3) Q437) (18-1052) Number/I000m3 ,:, 578 Number/l0m' 404 128 Taxonomy and biologt of fishesfrom the Andaman Sea.

there are two more possible explanations of this larval of Surin and Phuket Islands, and off Trang province. distribution pattern. First, water runoff from tributaries Several kinds oflarvae, e.g. lutjanids, bregmacerotids, and net water flow was towards the outer part of the Bay champsodontids, were commonlyfound in the north- which may wash out larvae from the innermost regions. ern region of the west coast whereas others, e.g. They may eventually aggregate at the mouth of the Bay monacanthids, mackerels and clupeids, occurred in accordance with the pattern of water circulation. Sec- more abundant in the southern region. To some ex- ond, many larvae are probably advected into the Bay tent, geographic characteristics may distinguish this from offshore spawning sites and this will also cause larval distribution. The shelfin the northern region aggregations oflarvae at the entrance ofthe Bay. is narrow (30-90 km) and more exposed to the open sea while that in the south exceeds 200 km and is Distributional patterns of larvae of predominant fami shallower. It was also concluded that larval abun- lies along the west coast of Thailand were described in dance was higher in Jan-Feb 1983 (84 larvae/haul) Janekarn and Kiorboe ( I 9 9 I b) . They reported that car- than in Mar-Apr 1982 (64larvaelhaul). In addition, angid lawae, the most abundant family, were distributed the diversity differed, viz. 66 and 55 families, respec- all over the are4 but were more con@ntrated at the south tively. Both higher abundance and diversity in 1983 than in 1982 canbe explained as a seasonal, rather than an interannual variation. Some later investiga- tions support this explanation. For example, Janekarn and Kiorboe ( I 9 9 I a) followed the abundance of sw- eral families, nearly all of which were found in the -- former study, during an entire annual cycle in Phang- ! Nga Bay in I 984. They reported that larvae occurred tr^ most abundantly between a January and March and :1 suggested that this was the period of peak pelagic o productivity and fish spawning. Kiorboe e t al. (1992) F U collected data from the Andaman Sea Shelf and f or peak pelagic production 2.4 fl stated that was likely from n rssz November to March because nutrient enriched wa- >2.2.O d Z2 tgat ter upwelled frombelow to the euphotic zone. This !r.1.6 seasonal change in production may be a clue to tem- a poral spawning patterns of fish in the Andaman Sea. D However, more investigations of such temporal JO.o.8 ! change are needed. tu o.4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 0 '1 3s7911 13 1617 1823293?3641 STATiON I thank Dr. Thomas Kiorboe and Dr. Jorgen Hylleberg for reading and commenting the present paper. Fig.2 Variation of pelagic primary production in the Andaman Sea in regard of A) Time (from Janekarn & Boonruan g, 1992) B) Space (from Janekarn & Hylleberg, 1989) Station numbers in Panel B located along the west coast of Thailand. Each station is sepa- rated by ca. 15 nautical miles. St. I is the northernmost (Ranong) and St. 41 the southernmost (Satun). Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no. I2(1993) 129

REFERENCES

Boonprakob, U. 1962. Preliminary results of fish egg suweys in the Gulfof Thailand. Proc IPEC 10(2):10-19. Boonprakob, U. 1965. The identifrcation of pelagic eggs and larvae of chub mackerel, Rastrelliger spp., inthe ; Gnlf of Thailand, with additional study on their distribution. In: Anon.(el.). Reports on mackerel investment, . 1963-1965. Marine Fisheries Laboratory, Bangkok, p. ll5-151. : Ctrayakul, R. 1990. Larvae and juvenile fishes occurring in the GuHof Thailand. Technical paper of Marine ; Resource Survey Team No. 3/1990. Marine Fisheries Division, Department of Fisheries, Thailand. 98 p. (mimeo) ; Chayakul, R. & M. Uttapong. 1983a. Abundance of fish larvae in the west of the Gulf of Thailand. Report of Department of Fisheries, Tharland No. 31 : I -50. (in Thai) Chayakul, R. & M. Uttapong. 1983b. Abundance of fish larvae around Ang-Thong Islands, Thailand. Report of Department of Fisheries, Thailand No. 33:l-30.(in Thai) Cushing, D.H. 1975. Marine ecologt andfisheries. CambridgeUniversityPress, Cambridge.278p. i Delsman,H.C. 1921. FisheggsandlarvaefromtheJavaSea. l.FistulariaserrataCuv.Treubia2:97-108. Delsman,H.C. 1923. FisheggsandlarvaefromtheJavaSea.2.Chirocentrusdorab.Treubia3:38-46. Delsman, H.C . Ig25. Fish eggs and larvae from the Java Sea. 4. Dussumieria hasseltii. Teubia 6:297-307 . Delsman, H.C. 1926. Fish eggs and larvae from the Java Sea. 5 . Carang kurra, macrosoma, and crumenophthalmas. Treubia 8:199-211. Delsman,H.C.1927. FisheggsandlarvaefromtheJavaSea. ll.ThegenusTrichiurus,Trcubia9:338-351. Delsman, H.C. 1929. Fish eggs and lawae from the Java Sea. 12. The genvs Engraulis. Trcubia ll:27 5-281. Delsman,H.C. 1930. FisheggsandlarvaefromtheJavaSea. 14.ThegenusPellona.Treubia12:37-46. Delsman,H.C. 1931. FisheggsandlarvaefromtheJavaSea. lT.ThegenusS/olephorus,Trcubia13:217-243. Delsman,H,C.1932. FisheggsandlarvaefromtheJavaSea. 19.ThegenusSetipinna.Treubia14:109-114. Delsman,H.C. 1933. FisheggsandlarvaefromtheJavaSea.22.Clupeoideslile(C.Y.).Trcubia14:247-249. Delsman,H.C. 1938. FisheggsandlarvaefromtheJavaSea.24. Myctophoidea.Trcubia16:415-420. Janekarn, V. 1992. Fish larvae in the vicinity of shelf front in the Andaman Sea. A paper presented at the i 4nnual Meeting, DepartmentofFisheries, 16-18 September 1992, Bangkok, Thailand. 34 p. (mimeo, inThaD i Janekarn, V & P. Boonruang. 1986. Composition and abundance offish larvae in mangrove areas along the east coastof Phuketlsland,westernpeninsular, Thailand.Phuketmar biol. Cent. Res. Bull.44 l-22. Janekarn, V & P. Boonruang. 1992. Primary productivity, environmental variables and fishery in the Andaman Sea of Thailand. A paper presented at the Annual Meeting, Department of Fisheries, 16-18 September 1992, Bangkok, Thailand. 27p. (mimeo, inThai) Janekarn, V & J. Hylleberg. 1989. Coastal and offshore primary production along the west coast ofThailand (AndamanSea)withnotesonphysical-chemicalvariables. Phuketmar.biol.Cent.Res.Bull.5l:1-20. Janekarn, V & T. Kiorboe. 1991a. Temporal and spatial distribution of fish larvae and their environmental biology in Phang-Nga Bay, Thailand. Phuket mar biol. Cent. Res. Bull. 56:23-40. Janekarn,V.&T.Kiorboe.1991b. ThedistributionoffishlarvaealongtheAndamancoastofThailand.Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Res. Bull.56:41-61. Kendall,A.W.,E.H.Ahlstrom&H.G.Moser. 1984. Earlylifehistorystagesoffishesandtheircharacters. In: Moser et al.(eds.). Ontogeny and systematics offisftes. Allen Press Inc., Lawrence, p. ll-22. Kiorboe, T., V Janekarn, S. Poung-in, S. Sawangarreruks & P. Piukhao. 1991. New fisheries resources in the Andaman Shelf Sea?:Indirectoceanographical widence. Thai Fisheries Gazette 44(3):261-210. Mongkolprasit, S. 1983. Fish in mangroves and adjacent areas. In: lst Training course introduction to mangrove , ecosystem, Thailand, 2-30 March 1983. UNDPruNESCO reglonal project-training and research pilotprogramme ' on the mangrove ecosystems of Asia and Oceania Ras l'79/002/E/10/13.,I-E}. 16 p. ! Nellen, W. 1973. Kinds and abundance of fish larvae in the Arabian Sea and the Persian Gulf. In:B. Zeitzschel (ed ) Chapman & Hall Limited, London, p. 4 15430. 130 Taxonomy and biologt of fishes from the Andaman Sea.

Petersen, C.G.J. 1904. On the larval and postlarval stages of the long rough dab and the genus Pleuronectus, Meddr. Kommn. Havunders. (Fisk) 1(l):l-13. Schmidt, J. 1904. On the pelagic post-larval halibut fHippoglossusvulgaris Flem. and H. hippoglossoides (Walb)]. Meddr Kommn. Havunders. (Fr sk ). 1(3) : I -13. Schmidt, J. 1905. Thepelagic post-larval stages of the Atlantic species of Gadus, PartL Meddr. Kommn. Havunders. (Fisk ). l(4):l-77 . Schmidt, J. 1907 . On the post-larval development of the hake (Merluccius vulgaris Flem.). Meddr. Kommn. Havunders. (Fisk, ), 2(7): l - 10. Schmidt, J. 1909. Remarks on the metamorphosis and distribution of the larvae of the eel(Anguillavulgaris Tt;rt). Me ddr. Kommn. H avun ders. (Fi sk ) . 3(3) : I - 17. Sundstrom, B., V Janekarn, J. Hylleberg & P Boonruang. I 987. Arurual pelagic primary production with notes on physical and chemical variables at Phuket, the Andaman Sea, Thailand. Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Res. Bull. 46: l-18. Sutthakorn, P. & K. Saranakomkul. 1986. Biological aspects of chub mackerels (Rastrelliger spp.) and round scads (Decapterus spp.) in the west coast of Thailand. A report presented in the Third Working Group MeetingonthemackerelsintheMalaccaStrait,Phuke! Thailand, 19-23 August 1986.97p. Termvidchakorn, A. 1987. The distribution offish lawae in Andaman Sea. Exploratory Fishing Division, Depart- ment of Fisheries, Thailand. 25:2948. (in Thai) Tunkaseranee, P. 1982. Taxonomic study of demersal fish larvae in the west coast ofthe Gulf of Thailand, 1980. Marine Fisheries Division, Department ofFisheries, Thailand. No. 1ll1982. 35 p. (mimeo, in Thai) Vatanachai,S.1979a. SpeciesandabundanceoffisheggsandfishlarvaefoundinthemouthoftheThaChin River and adjacent waters of Samutsakorn,I9TS-197 9. Report of Samutsakorn Brackish Fisheries Station, Thailand. 22 p. (mimeo, in Thai) Vatanachai, S. 1979b. Species and abundance of fish eggs and fish larvae offthe mangrove swamp at Laem Pak Bia, Petburi, 1978-1979. Paper presented at 3rd session on the development of mangrove ecosystem, 8-12 April 1979, Bangkolq Thailand. 27 p. (mimeo, in Thai) Young,PC.,J.M.kis&H.llausfeld. 1986. SeasonalandspatialdistributionoffishlawaeinwaterovertheNorth West Continental Shelf of Western Australia. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.31(3):209-222.

Atherinidae TL.l1 .9 mm. Drawing by Vudhichai Janekarn. Phuket mar biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no. I2(j,993) I ^/J

A REVIEW OF LARVAL FISH DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE IN THE ANDAMAN SEA. THAILAND

by Vudhichai Janekarn Phuket Marine Biological Centen Phuket, Thailand

ABSTRACT

Classification, abundance and distribution of fish larvae in the Andaman Sea are summarized from studies in Phang-Nga Bay, its mangrove channels, along the west coast of Thailand, and at the shelf front. From 6 studies in the Andaman Sea, 123 families of fish larvae have now been recorded. The proportion of larvae of demersal fish was 70-80 % of all larvae captured while the rest belonged to pelagic frsh. Diversity and abundance of larvae of commercial families were high in Phang-Nga Bay and coastal waters but low at off- shore sites. Just a few families contained high numbers of larvae. High larval abundance at some locations, e.g south of Surin and Phuket islands, may indicate spawning grounds in the vicinity. Carangid larvae were the most abundant and distributed all over the areas. An entire amual rycle was studied. Fish larvae occurred most abundantly between January and March which coincided the peak pelagic productivity.

I. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND sion in Bangkok have carried out a number of investi- gations on taxonomic composition and abundance of Since G.O. Sars in 1865 discovered that Atlantic fish larvae in various areas of the Gulf (Vatanachai, cod spawned planktonic eggs which developed into L97 9 4 I97 9b; Chayakul and Uttapong I 98 3a, 1 9 83b; pelagic lawae $endallet aL, 1984), fisherybiologists Chayalarl, I 990). Yet" ichthyoplankton studies in Thai have become interested in the early life history of waters are still in infancy compared to those in tem- marine fish. By the end of the last century when perate waters. In the Andaman Sea of Thailand, industrial fisheries developed in European waters, ichthyoplanlcton studies are even more in demand. fisheries scientists began to incorporate larval fishes No publications on fish larvae in the Andaman Sea in their investigations of commercial species in or- appeared before the I 980's. Howwer, Delsman ( I 92 I - der to evaluate the efect of fishing on the stock. As 1938) published a series entitled 'Fish eggs and larvae a consequence, larval fish research was primarily from the Java Sea' which appears to be more or less directed towards commercial species, e.g. halibut, applicable to larval fish research in the Andaman Sea, Atlantic species of Gadus, hake, eel (Schmidt, 1904, because of similar geographic and larval characteris- 1905, 1907, 1909, respectively), and flatfish tics. @etersen, 1904). In 1986, Janekarn and Boonruang (1986) pub- In Thai waters, the studies on fish larvae were lished the first paper on seasonal occurence of fish initially conducted in the Gulf of Thailand by larvae in mangrove channels at the east coast of Boonprakob (1962, 1965) who later concentrated on Phuket Island (located in front of Phang-Nga Bay). larvae of chub mackerels (Rastrelliger spp.). As a They concluded that members of several families result of his research a part of their life cycle was spent their whole life in the mangroves, e.g. gobiids, revealed. It was discovered that the mackerels re- while others mainly utilized the mangroves as their mained within the Gulf of Thailand, and that parent mrsery grounds for part of the life rycle. Janekarn stocks were not from other seas as believed earlier. and Kiorboe ( I 99 I a) conducted further studies in the Also, prohibition of fishing actMties for conserva- semi+nclosed Phang-Nga Bay, where high plankton tion purposes has been adopted in the spawning sea- production had been described earlier (Sundstrom ef son of such fish as well as on the spawning glounds. al., 1981). They pointed out that the peak spawning Since then. members of Thai Marine Fisheries Divi- season may fall in the beginning of the year (Jannuary IZl Taxonomy and biologt of fishesfrcm the Andaman Sea.

Table I Presence of fish larvae in Thai Andaman Sea. A = Jmekam and Boonruang (1986) B = Tmidchakom (1987) C = JanekamandKiorboe(l99la) D = Janekam and Kiorbre (l99lb) E = Tmidchakom at Ranong (Jnpubl.) = Janekam (1992) P = Present I = not found TaxaABCDEF Taxa ABCDEF

Acanthuidae p Melanostomiatidae Acropomatidae :: l- Menidae ::- Ambassidae -p-p I Monacanthidae Ammodltidae p Moridae ::l Anguillidae :: l: p Moringuidae Anterurariidae D- p Mugilidae P-p Apogonidae p Mugiloididae p Argmtinidae 3 t t: p Mullidae Astronesthidae p Mwamidae tlt Atherinidae pppp p Myctophidae f Aulostomidae p Nmipteridae Balistidae p Nettastomatidee ::1 Bathylagidae ir:: Norneidae -p Belonidae ppP- I Ophichthyidae Belenniidae pppp p Ophidiidae t: Bothidae Ppp- p Paralepididae -p Bramidae p- p Paralichthyidae P Bregmacerotidae ppp- P Pegasidae Brotulidae p- p Pempheriidae Callionymidae PPPP p Percichthyidae l.: Carmgidae ppp' P Pacophidae Canpidae P Platycephali&e p-P Centrisci&e l:1: P Pleurorrcctidae -pp Cepolidae p Polynernidae r Centiidae :l l: p Pomcanthidae Chaetodontidae p- p Pomacentridae ;;; Champsodontidae p-p- Pomadasyidae p Chanidae I Priacanthidae -pP Cithariidae p Rachyenhidae p- Clupeidae p Scuidae Congridae I I tl p SetoSragidae Cryphamidae PPP. p Schindleriidae 3:3 Cynoglossidae Sciaenidae p-p Clprinodontidae : 13: I Scombridae Dactylopteridae p Scopelarchidae :33 Derrichthyiclae l: l: p Scorpaeni&e PPP Diodmtidae Serranidae Drepanidae l3 t: I Serrivomeridae : 13 Dussumieriidae P Siganidae r Dysommatidae p Sillaginidae p'P E Ensaulidae p Soleidae PPP p- Ev6mamellidae I t 3r p Sparidae P P. Exocoetidae p--p p Sphyraenidae Fisturaliidae Stemoptychidae : lt t: P Gadidae l: l: P Stic}aeidae p- Gempylidae p-P- p Stomiidae ::l P. Gereidae -PPP P Stromteidae -p Y Gobiidae pppp p Synanceidae p- Gonostomateidae p Syngnathidae ppp ;: Haemulidae l: l: Synodontidae Y p- Hemirhamphidae p--p I Tetaodontidae PP p- Histiophoridae p' Theraponidae pp Holocenhidae p- p Thumidae -p t: Ipnopidae P. Trichiuidae I^abridae ppP' ; Trichodontidae : 13 l: Leioguthidae pppp p Trichonotidae Lethrinidae -pp- Triglidae F p- Lobotidae 3 Trypa.uchenidae Y Lophiidae 3: P Uranoscopidae Ldjanidae P Xenocongridae ::: :: Malacosteidae t r 3: Znidae Megalopidae t Leptocephalus -p p-

TOTAL 44 51 48 69 15 99 Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no, l2(1993) r25

to March) because many larvae were collected at this of the limitation of research vessel capability. How- time of the year. Thns coincides with the period of ever, Janekarn (1992) recently made an attempt to peak plankton productivity. Special emphasis was characterize larval fish distributions from the coastal also made on larvae of commercially important fish areas (south ofPhuket Island) across the shelfslope species. An exemplary study was conducted in the to about 80 nautical miles offshore (> 250 m depth). area south of Phuket Island on larvae of chub mack- He found that a great number offish larvae occurred erels (Rastrelliger spp.) in order to veri$ the spawn- mainly around the sheH slope rather than at coastal ing season and spawning grounds (Sutthakorn and and offshore sites. Saranakomkul, 1986). In the open Andaman Shelf Sea along the west coast ofThailand, Janekarn and II. DryERSITY OF FISH LARVAE Kiorboe (199lb) characterized the distribution of 69 larval fish families with notes on environmental pa- Termvidchakorn (unpubl. ) investigated fish lar- rameters. They found larval abundance to be par- vae in the mangrove channels at Ranong pro\.lnce ticularly high at some stations, which might indicate (northern part ofthe west coast ofThailand) and re- the localization of spawning grounds. However, more ported 15 larval fish families. Janekarn and fine-scaled sampling was required to identi$ such Boonruang (1986) collected fish larvae monthly in grounds. Together, these studies have paved the way mangrove channels in Phang-Nga Bay and found for more detailed research offish larvae in the coastal 21534 individuals belonging to 44 families. Janekarn areas. andKiorboe (199la) further investigated in the semi- enclosed Phang-Nga Bay and collected 4199 indi- In the offshore regions of the Andaman Sea only viduals comprising 48 families. Along the west coast one paper exists (Termvidchakorn, 1987). He found of Thailand only one study exists and it reported a oceanic larvae to contribute significantly to the fish total of 8296 individuals belonging to 69 families larval fauna here. Up to present, investigations of (Janekarn and Kiorboe, l99lb). These four studies fish larvae in the offshore part of the Andaman Sea together identified 85 larval fish families in the have not been carried out to a larger extent because Andaman shelf area. Termvrdchakorn (1987) collected

Pelagic 100 m rrl Demersal ) cn &Rn ffi J ..1 L!. ^^ ooo obu rrl rrl r') r- A 240 zTT] U U f r'l ZU Hzo

z AREAS

Fig.l Percentage of larvae of pelagic and demersal fishes by number of farnilies @anel A) and by number of individuals (Panel B) in areas l) along the west coast of Thailand 2) in Phang-Nga Bay 3) across the Andaman shelf slope 126 Taxonomy and biologt of fishesfrom the Andaman Sea

1633 individuals offshore in the Andaman Sea and areas and such diversity decreased when moving off- identified 51 families. From his study an additional 9 shore. This is because the proportion of larvae of families of oceanic larval forrns were recognized. Re- pelagic and mesopelagic oceanic forms without com- cently, Janekan (1992) collected fi sh larvae from the mercial value were increasing with distance from the coastal area across the shelf slope and 20345 indi- shore. In addition, offshore (or deep sea) fish are at viduals were encountered, comprising 99 families. present not being utilized since available fishing gear Among these, 29 families were new records in this is incapable to operate at such depths. In conse- region. This study yielded the highest family number quence, deep sea fishes are not well known to the in Thai waters ever recorded. Tunkaseranee (1982) local conzumers and they are considered as non-com- found 59 families in the Gulf of Thailand and Janekarn mercialfish. and Kiorboe ( 199 lb) found 69 families along the west coast of Thailand. Altogether, a total of 123 families Itr. LARVALABUNDANCE have nowbeen registeredinthe Andaman Seaof Thai- land (see Table 1). Because flow meters were not used in earlier in- vestigations, information about quantitative data on In the Andaman Sea, the diversity among larvae fish larvae is scarce. I have instead calculated num- of demersal fish is remarkably higher than those of ber of larvae per haul as a semiquantitative index of pelagic fish, even though the abundances of the two larval abundance. In this way, Janekarn and groups are about the same (Janekarn and Kiorboe, Boonruang (1986) experienced that the number of 1991b). Their figures show that about 70 o/o ofthe fish larvae collected in mangrove areas during the larval species belong to demersal and about 30 Yoto night time was greater than that of the day time. They pelagic (+ mesopelagic) fish (Fig 1) A similar pro- also tried to compare larval numbers in surface and portion also emerged in Phang-Nga Bay, but the abun- bottom trawls. They showed that the numbers in dance of larvae of demersal species was 60 % of the surface trawls were 4 times higher than in the bot- whole collection (Janekarn and Kiorboe, 1991a). tom trawls although water depth was quite shallow, Janekarn (1992) found even greater diversity among between 5-10 m. Overall, the number of larvae/haul larvae of demersal fish with more than 80 Vo at the in their study were higher than in other studies in shelfbreak whereas their abundance was 66 % ofthe the Andaman Sea (see Thble 2), but gobiid larvae whole. It should be noted that a Bongo net was used alone accounted for ca. 60 % ofthe whole collection. in the latter study while a WP-2 net was used by the Janekarn and Kiorboe (1991a) used the same gear others. The tlpe of gear may affect the number of but operated in a wider area of Phang-Nga Bay. They species collected, as well as the number of larvae of reported 382 larvae/haul (or ll7 lawaell000m3). the catch. However, the higher diversity among lar- Among these, lawae of 9 predominat families ac- vae of demersal fish seems to recur in other tropical counted for 85 % of all individuals and just a few regions as well. For instance, in the NW Indian families contained high numbers, e.g. sciaenid lar- Ocean 7 9 Yo of the families identified were of demer- vae (19 7o), leiognathids (15 %) and gobiids QIyA. sal fish and in the Eastern Indian Ocean demersal Along the west coast of Thailand in coastal areas families made up 77 o/o of the total number of fami- facing the open sea, larval abundance appeared to be lies identified (calculated from data in Nellen, 1973 quite low, only 74 larvae/haul (Table 2). However, and Young et al., l9S6,respectively). at particular locations, e.g. south of Surin Island, south of Phuket Island and off Trang Province, sev- Diversity among larvae of commercial and non- eral hundreds of larvae/haul were collected. These commercial fish differs. Janekarn and Kiorboe locations may indicate presence of spawning grounds. (1991a) found that 60 %o of all larvae belonged to As found in the prwious study, the fish larvae mostly commercial fuh frmilies, Janekarn ard Kioftoe ( 1991b) belongedto few families. Thus, the top l0 most abun- o/o. found 50 %o andJanekarn (1992) found 35 Based dant families constituted ca.'75 %o of all larvae, and o/o. on these 3 studies there is a trend showing that larval carangid larvae ranked first, accounting for 2l diversity of commercial fish families is greater in coastal Janekarn (1992) switched from WP-2 type to Bongo Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Snec. Publ. no. 120993) I3I

SPECIES COMPOSITION AND ANNUAL POPULATION GROWTH oFFISHEt'*""o"XBli'X$i'"113H;TitrN*NGABAY'

byVudhichai Janekarn Phuket Marine Biological Center Phuket, Thailand

ABSTRACT

FishwerecollectedinfrontofmangrovecanalsinPhang-NgaBayduring 14cruises fromJanuary1992to January1993. Atotalofl4,l80fishindividualswerecaptwedbyasmallottertrawl. Theybelongedto44species from 31 families. Flatfishes were not identified to species level. Johnius belengerii was most abundant. About half of the whole collection, both in terms of weight and number of individuals, belonged to this species. Pennahia macrophthalmus, Platycephalus indicus andArius caelatus were also common in the area. The average catch rate was quite low, only 18.6 kglhr. During the wet southwest monsoon, the catch rate appeared higher than in the dry northeast monsoon. The highest catch rate was recorded in August 1992 (41 kglhr) Leng1h-rveight relationships of 12 species were plotted as well as length-frequency of the 2 most abundant species. Growth rates were estimated at 2 cm per month. Recruitment was evident every half a year.

INTRODUCTION A number of trawling investigations were carried out mostly on the shelf exposed to the open sea, but trawl data from shallow water are absent. In Phang- Nga Bay, where more than 100 small trawlers are in Since experimental trawling was initiated in the Grlf operation, no scientific reports from such small trawl- of Thailand in I 960 under the bilateral agreement be- ers exist. Particularly, studies are lackinginfront of tween the Government of Thailand and the Federal mangrove channels. The aim of this study was to Republic of Germany, the trawl fisheries developed elucidate fish composition and abundance by trawl- rapidly in a couple of years @itragsa, 1974). From ing in shallow water at the mouth of mangrove chan- year to year, the number of trawlers and their fishing nels. The second aim was to find the catch rate by effort have increased. As a result the catch has de- using a small trawl. Finally, length-weight and growth creased. The same course ofevents also happened in of selected species were taken into account. the Andaman Sea of Thailand. Right after the intro- duction oftrawling to the area in 1963, the average MATERIALS AND METHODS catch rate was ca. 290 kglhr but it decreased drasti- cally to only 60 kg/hr in 1976 (Chantawong et al., 1) The study site I 984). Trarvling still plays a major role in terms of total The sampling site was located at the mouth of man- catch which contributed 80 % of the whole fish land- grove canals in Phang-Nga Bay (Fig. l). Salinity was ings while the rest belonged to pelagic qpecies @hatia lowest in the rainy season (15.5 ppm; September 1992) and Chullasorq I 980). Pokapunt and Tantivala ( I 987) and highest in the dry season (33.6 ppm; April). Salin- made a trawling investigation in i985 on the Andaman ity fluctuated around 30 ppm most of the time (Un- Sea shelfdown to 90 m depth. They found a consid- published data). The sea bottom was mainly charac- erably higher average catch rate, viz. approximately terized by fine sand (Sawangareeraksa and Booffrnng, 145 kelhrdistributed on 182 species. 1990). Sampling dates are shown in Table 1. 132 Taxononty and biologt of fishesfrom the Andaman Sea

Table l. Samplingdates

Cruise Date Cruise Date Cruise Date

I 6JanL992 6 3 Jun 1992 ll [email protected] ,7 2 5Feb 1992 30 Jntt 1992 t2 25 Nov 1992 J 2Mar1992 8 3 Aug 1992 l3 2IDec1992 tA 8 Apr 1992 9 30 Aug 1992 14 25Jan1993 ) 4May 1992 t0 28 Sep 1992

2) Fish collection

Fishes were collected using a small otter trawl near the mouth of mangrove canals inPhang-Nga Bay(Fig. 1) every lunar month from January L992 to January 1993. Fourteen cruises were carried out. Two hauls were performed, each time, i.e. back and forth at the same location. Each operationtook 20 min after dark (ca. 20.00 h). The depth was about l0 m at the site. The ground (lower) rope of the trawling netwas 20 m long and the upper rope 16 m long. The mesh size of

the cod-end was I . 5 cm . The trawling vessel was I 2 m longand equipped with 80 H.P. engine. The trawling speed was about 3-4 knots.

All fish samples were preserved with ice for a day before being transferred to Phuket Marine Biological Center for detailed studies in the laboratory. All fish were identified to species level ifpossible. The num- ber of each species was counted, and length and weight measured individually. The catch rate for each cruise was converted to kglhr. Length-weight rela- tionship and length frequenry ofselectected species were calculated.

RESULTS

1) Species composition

The samples from 14 cruises contained 3 1 fish fami- lies, 38 genera, 3l species, and 13 unidentified taxa (Table 2). Flatfishes were only identified to family level. Most fish species were found on cruise 9 (33 species). High species diversity was found during Fig. l. Map of Phang-Nga Bay with a position of the cruise 8-12 (21-33 species), including cruise 2-3 (20- sampling site indicated. 2r\. Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no 12(1993) 133

Table 2. Catch rates of each fish species caught during each cruise.

CRU]SE

TAXA 7 8 9 10 rl 12 13 t4 IOTAI

CLUPEIDAE Clupea sp 0.05 0.12 0.30 0.14 0.09 0.06 0.1I 0.87 Dorosom chacunda 0.05 0.23 0.51 0.12 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.97 Dussumieri aata 0.05 0.05 Opislhopterus taldoore 0.05 0.08 0.13 ENGRAULIDAE Stolephorus sp 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.I I 0.03 0.12 0.18 0.30 0.05 0.08 0.97 Thryssa setiroslris 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.10 ARIIDAE Arius caelatus t.29 t.t4 0.4t 0.72 0.23 0.05 0.30 5.75 0.45 2.46 0.59 1.05 0.38 0.14 14.96 PLOTOSIDAE Plotosus anguilaris 0.05 0.05 0.10 Plotosus linealus 0.02 0.05 0.07 ATHERiNIDAE Atherina sp 0.06 0.02 0.08 AMBASSIDAE Ambusis comersoni 0.20 0.0 3 0.02 0.25 SERRANIDAE Epinephelus coioides 0.69 0.69 SILLAGINIDAE Sillago siham 0.30 0.47 0.08 0.20 0.08 0.05 1.28 0.51 0.60 0.06 0.21 0.23 0.08 4.15 CARANGIDAE Carang sp 0.03 0.03 0.06 0.03 0.15 0.03 0.02 0.08 0.06 0.49 Chlorinems sp o.02 0.02 LEIOGNATHIDAE Seator sp 0.02 0.03 0.11 0.03 0.96 1.02 0.05 0.51 0.1I 0.02 0.02 0.03 2.91 Le io gnathus b roiros I ri s 0.06 0.68 0.18 3.75 0.03 0.06 0.23 1.25 0.86 7.10 Leiognathus elongatus 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.51 0.05 0.51 0.02 Ll6 Leiognathus sp 0.14 0.90 2.72 0.11 l.4l 0.03 0,11 0.39 0.93 1.08 2.21 0.11 10.14 Guza sp 0.02 0.02 0.04 GERREIDA.E Genes oyena 0.02 0.02 SCIAENIDAE Dendroplrysa msselli 0.24 0.05 0.18 0.08 0.32 0.09 0.95 0.84 0.41 0.30 0.02 0.27 3.75 Johnius belangurii 7.20 t3.05 10.868.36 2.96 1.35 14.3723.64 3.75 10.238.58 15.14 10.446.47 136.40 Otolithes cwieri 0.51 0.36 0.26 0.12 0.09 0.84 1.29 0.75 0.39 0.09 4.70 Pennahia mcroplhalms 1.20 1.76 0.92 t.59 2.37 2.34 2.90 5.63 2.85 2.46 3.57 4.20 2.01 l.7l 35.51 MULLIDA.E Upeneus nlphureus 0.09 0.08 0.02 0.19 Upeneus vitlatus 0.06 0.54 0.26 r.29 0.17 0.18 o.lt 0.02 0.09 0.02 0.02 2.76 POMADASYIDAE Porcdosys manlatus 0.09 0.02 0.09 0.20 Porudasys opercularis 0.38 0.38 EPHIPPIDA.E Ephippus orbis 0.66 0.26 0.24 0.09 0.30 0.45 0.15 0.24 0.08 0.03 0.03 2.53 DREPANIDAE Drepane punclala 0.06 0.06 0.14 0.03 0.02 0.15 0.02 0.09 0.05 0.62 SCATOPHAGIDAE Scatophagus argus 0.05 0.11 0.02 0.06 0.24 SCOMBRIDAE R aslre I lige r b rachy som 0.06 0.09 0.l5 TRICHIURIDAE Tichiurus haurela 0.24 0.24 SIGANIDAE Siganus ormin 0.08 0.05 0.06 0.19 STROMATEIDAE Pampus sp 0.02 0.02 GOBIIDAE Trypauchen vagina 0.03 0.03 Unidentified 0.02 0.02 0.06 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.16 PLATYCEPHAIIDAE Platycephalus indicus 2.21 1.62 2.24 2.96 0.80 1.79 2.72 0.51 1.04 2.91 1.43 r.92 1.38 23.53 Platycephalus sp 0.02 0.02 CALLIONYMIDAE Calliorryms sp 0.06 0.05 0.l l BOTHIDAE Unidentified oo3 oo3 PSETTODIDAE Unidentified 0.44 0.02 0.17 0.63 SOLEIDAE Unidentified 0.02 0.17 0.12 o 03 o.o2 0 36 CYNOGLOSSIDAE 1.00 Cynoglossus sp 0.11 0.12 0.02 0.26 0.03 0.06 0.ll 0.09 0.11 0.09 MONACANTHIDAE 0.02 Monrcmlhus sp 0.02 TRIACANTHIDAE 0.08 Tri cmthu s b reviro stri s 0.08 TETRAODONTIDA-E Lagocephalus lunaris 0.06 0.30 0.1 I 0.06 0.53

TOTAL 14.3320.89 19.2214.97 11.385.45 23.2941.07 15.7920.1020.6324.29 16.9411.30259.65 t34 Taxononry and biologt of f shes from the Andaman Sea

Only 3 species were found on every cruise, viz. Less than 5 %io of all fish in terms of weight were Arius caelatus, Johnius belengerii (Cwier, 1830) and considered as non-commercial, e.g. members of Pennahia macrophthalmus. Stolephorus sp., Sillago Ambassidae and Tetraodontidae. Howwer, more than sihama, Secutor sp., Leiognathus sp., Dendrophysa half of the commercial fish werebelow marketable size russelli, Otolithes cuvieri, Upeneaus vittatus, and could only be sold as trash fish. Ephippus orbis, Platycephalus indicus and Cynoglossus sp. were often found between the 10m 3) Fish abundance and the l3e cruises. A total of 14180 frsh individuals were collected More than 80 % of all species, in terms of number during this study. The first peak appeared on cruise 4 of species, a,re considered as commercially important but a pronounced peak was also found on cruise 8 species, but some of the commercial species were be- (Fig 2) The number of fish appeared to be higher Iow marketable size. during the southwest monsoon compared to the north- east monsoon. Although many species were collected, 2) Catch rate just a few species were numerous. Among these, Johnius belengerii was most abundant with 6704 in- The highest catch rate of4l kglhr was obtained dividuals in total. Peaks occurred on cruises 4, 8 and during cruise 8, (Aug. 1992). Second highest rate was 12. Pennahia macrophthalmus was also common, recorded during cruise 12 (Nov. 1992) with 24 kglhr especially during the southwest monsoon, and 2373 (Table 2). The lowest catch rate of5.5 kglhr occurred individuals were caught in total. The abundance of on cruise 6 (Jun. 1992), and only l1 kgAu was recorded this fish also peaked on cruise 8. Arius caelatus, with on cruise 14 (Jan. 1993). The average catch rate ofall a total of 406 individuals, showed 3 peaks similar to cruises was 18.6 kglhr. In general, the catch rate dur- those of -Ioftnius belengerii but a distinct peak was ing cruise 2-3 was just above the overall average and recorded on cruise 10. A total of 502 individuals of then declined steadily until cruise 6. From cruise ? to Platycephalus indicus were caught during the cruises, 12, except cruise 9, the catch rate was higher than the but the species was most abundant on cruise 4. All of rest of the year. these fishes played an important role in fish density in the area. A linear correlation was found between num- Just a few species were collected in quantif. ber of fish and their weight on each cruise (N:14, Johnius belengerii was the most abundant and al- r{.73,P4.01). ways made up half or more of the catch on every cruise. The catch rate of-r. belengerii was highest on cruise Some fish without commercial value, e.g.Ambassis 8 (24 kgftr), followedby cruise 12, 1 and2 (15, 14 and spp, were also found abundantly on some cruises. At 13 kglhr, respectively) and lowest catches appeared this stage I have not paid attention to the non-com- on cruises 5 and 6 (3 and I kg/hr, respectively). The mercial groups of fishes due to their small sizes. second most abundant species was Pennahia macrophthalmns which in overall catch was found 4 4) I-cngth-weiCht (I-\D relationship times less than the previous one. Cruise 5-12, per- formed during the southwest monsoon, gave the high- Length-weight relationships were calculated for est catch with a maximum on cruise 8. Platycephalus 12 species of fish as shown in Fig. 3. The fishes were indicus ranked third in abundance. It was mostly not separated into males and females before measure- found during the beginning of the year (cruise l-4) ments. Ranges of length and weight are also shown but also on cruises 8 and ll. Arius caelalzs was found in the figure. The L-W curves are described by the in greatest quantity on cruises 8 and 10. All other equation W : cL'. The L-W relationship of these fishes had low weight. Less than l0 kg was recorded fishes have not been calculated in Thai Waters be- for each species, except Leiognalrus sp which reached fore, thus they should constitute basic information 10. I kg. for future studies. Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no. I2(1993) 135

I 2 J 4 5 6 ? I 9tofl€t51/| | il2 3 rt 5 0 7 a I nfl 121r t.

q ?

6 z

r 2 J .t 5 6 7 o e ron riu r | 2 3 a 6 C 7 C 30fl rzrJr

r3 a g 3 7 C gofl rzgil CRI,NSE

Fig. 2. Seasonal variation in fish density of most abundant species. Total fishes and selected species are indicated in each panel. 136 Taxononry and biologlt of fishesfrorn the Andaman Sea.

32 Dorosonta clrucun.da Arius caekilus

$r=0. oo8ttyzrcqL2.983sa6 \\,=rt.oor,6tto8s2L3 laJJ{H L rrnged 3,4-23.1 cm l- ranged 3.6- l:1.4 cnl \v rrnged 0.4- | 25.2 g F \V ().3-30.2 aa rroged g o- ,v U -ou = o 6 = 20

o o 57 11 412 LENGTH LENGTH

25 OU Ambassis comtnersoni Sillago sihama JU 'W 282 246134 =ll.0ll 517 2301L3'aoi w=o.tto:9:e226L3 L ranged 4.0-12.2 cm 40 L ranged 5.1-19.7 cm tf, F W ranged 0.7-24.1 g W ranged 0.85-58.7 g -u i30 U (, U = 10 -20

5 10

0 o 57 8 10 1214 16 1820 LINGTH LENGTH

45 100 russelli Dendrophysa Johnius belengerii 80 35 2s9s63 W=0.005997358L3 W=0.007609918L3 14822e L ranged 4.1-14.3 cm L ranged 2,9-t8.9 cm OU W ranged 0.8-39.2 g F W ranged 0.1-78.6 g E .r' -Fzt o -tr =au 15

o 4 6 I 10 12 14 16 1420 q7 LENGTH

LENGTH 80 Otolithes cuvieri Pennahia mqcrophth&lmus 80 173E34 OU W=0.005931984L3 W=0.00895983SL3.131140 L ranged 12.6-21.8 cm L ranged 2,9-1g.0 cm OU w ranged 14.5.99.1 g W ranged 0.1-7t.S g F +4Q (-t T U U - 40 = 20

20 n 6 8 10 12 14 16 1620 o 2 4 6 I 10 12 14 15 18 2022 LENGTH Phuket mar biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no. 12(1993) 137

punctata Upeneus vittatus Drepane

r5322r W=0.02203586L3'134668 w =o.oo,)212i 24L3 L ranged 3.4.13.2 cm ranged 5.4-14.E cm 5U L W ranged 0.75-70.0 g F W ranged 2.0.409 g I (.9

-zw

68 o 2 4 6 "8 10 12 14 LENGTH LENGTn 120 . ScatoPhagus argus Platycephalus indicus

e66936 w=t).02693156tL3J('726s W=0.006800174L2 80 L ranged 5-2-24.7 L ranged 1.8-11.6 cm cm W ranged 0.6-117.5 g : \1 ranged 0.2-J5.0 g F 6n T-- (J I .r"" -il =40 20

^,.'q"'' o o o'1 2 3 4 5 6 7 I 910 11 12 o510152025 LENGTH LTNGTH

Fig. 3. Length-weight relationships of 12 selected species Species names, L-W equations, and ranges of lengths and weights are indicated in each panel.

5) Length-frequency data concerned. Only 44 species (flatfishes not included) of fish were recorded. In the present study, the most Although many fishes were collected, only abundant fi sh was croakers ( Sciaenidae), particularly Johnius belengerii and Pennahia macrophthalmus Johnius belengerii. This fish also dominated in col- could be analyzed for length frequency, because of lections of larvae, constituing ca.20 Yo of all larvae lack ofsuffrcient data for other species. Length-fre- captured in the bay (Janekarn & Kiorboe, 1991). quency of J. belengerii is shown in Fig. 4, and P. Sciaenid species found in the present study have not m ac r o ph th al,nu s inF ig. 5. Growth rates of both fi shes been reported previously from the open Andaman were abut 2 cm/month, when estimated from a size of shelf. Pokapunt & Tantivala (1987) recorded a spe- about 5 cm length. The growth rate decreased with cies which they referred to as Sciaena sp. Another age. The maximum lengths of the fishes were l€ss abundant species in the present study was ,4rizrs than 20 cm (see Fig. 3). Fig. 4 shows that recruitment caelatus. This fish was also absent on the shelf. occurred two times (cruises 4-6 andS'L}) inJohnius Platycephalus indicus was common in the bay but belengerii, whlle Pennahia macrophthalmus dis- seldom on the shelf. This may indicate that each spe- played recruitment during cruises 5-6 and l0-12 (Fig. cies of fish has its own characteristic habitat. Even in s). the area of the present study itself, J belengerii domi' nated remarkably while P. macrophthalmus shared only part of the same habitat. The sciaenid, Otolithes DISCUSSION cuvieri was not found smallerthan l2 cmlenglh. The smaller ones may spend their life in other areas and Both biomass and number of species appeared migrate to the study area when they had grown big- quite low as far as demersal fish in shallow water in ger. Such migration should then take place during the front of mangrove channels in Phang-Nga Bay are southwest monsoon. 138 Taxononty and biolog1,, of fishesfrom the Andaman Sea

Johnius belengerii Pe nnahio macro phthalmus 18

6 o 4.4

18

13.2 o 4.4 18

6 13.2 o 4.4

18 cr' 4 12 22-o t I N -117 13.2 I 6 l-- 0 q.ql"'l lff i.-rrrn- 6 -il llll:*.v--fL_

6 13.2 0 4.4 o18 (.) z,^ z 22.o P6 - 13.2 4.4 x18 '| 12 F 13.2 F rl 4.4 v, z Ft 18 Fl 22.O 13,2 E 4.4 3'o z--1) F 22.O 3, 112 L)o (-) 4.4 AO il 22,o t ci 10 12 I rz cl fl N-246 6 ]|l o ta) I | | L '- L -{-T-Hlil I fFL 18 r cr.11 --l , ,rl . \=491 6I n-l l-. 13.2 c 4.4 '18

6 13,2 o 18 22.O

6 13.2 0 4.4

18 22.O

6 0 4.4 8.& 10.8 12.8 14.8 16.8 2.8 4.8 6.8 2-A 4.a 6.0 !.q-jo.q l?.8 14.8 16.8 18.8 BODY LENGTH (cm) BODY LENGTH (cm)

Fig. 4. Length-frequencies ofJohnius belengerii from Fig. 5. Length-frequencies of Pennahia 14 cruises (January 1992 - January I 993). macrophthalnu./s'from 14 cruises (January 1992 - Janu- ary 1993). Phuket mar biol. Cent. Spec. Publ. no. 12(1993) 139

present It is obvious that maly species found in the Several fishery biologists report that water depth shelf ac- study were not found on the Andaman Sea is a key factor which influences the amount of catch cording to Pokapunt & Tantivala (1987). Water depth (Aryuthaka & Thubthimsang, 1991; Pokapunt & could be one reason for the species to select a par- Tantival4 I 987 ; Vadhanakul e t al., I 985). They found (199f) ticular habitat. Aryrthaka & Thubthimsang that the catch of demersal fish increased with depth, from 0 made investigations following depth contours but all the investigations were made at depth less than to 60 m at l0 m intervals. They found that each spe- I 00 m. In addition, Arluthaka & Thubthimsang ( 1 9 9 I ) accordingto the depth. The num- cies was distributed concluded that in shallow water (< 10 m) the demersal important species was low at ber of economically fish resources were poorboth in density and diversity. depths less l0 m. The dominant species in their than The low catch found in the present study could be a al. (1984) report as well as the report of Chantawonget result of hear,y exploitation since a great number of from from the Andaman Sea shelf were different the trawlers have fished extensively for years in the bay. present study. Therefore, it may be possible to state Would this low catch signal deterioration of the fish that the particular habitat in front of mangrove canals resources ? If this is the case, then fishery biologists fishes, is quite characteristic for many species of should take quick action both in terms ofresearch and manasement before it is too late. As mentioned in the Introduction, the average catch rate from trawling decreased rapidlyjust after the trawl was introduced to the Andaman Sea (Chantarvong et a|.,1984). Pokapunt &Tantivala (1987) shon'ed the same trend in their investigations made in the Andaman Sea. They found a greater catch rate than the previous study and reported that the catch rate in 1966 u'as 613 kg/hr and decreased to 284kglhr ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS in 1970, and finally to 88 kglhr in 1975. The catch rate depends upon the size of the trawling net. In both of the above studies, the ground rope was longer than I would like to thank Dr. Jorgen Hylleberg and Mr. 40 m rvhile only 20 m rvas used in the present study. Michael Bech @roject scientist of TMMP) for criti- The average catch rate in the present study was quite cally reading the manuscript and Mrs.Pensri Booruuang poor if compared to the above reports. An average for her encouragement. I also thank Mr. Prajuab catch rate ofca. l9 kglhr in the present study would Mokaratana for drawings the graphs and the staff of be the lorvest ever recorded in the Andaman Sea. Un- Marine Biological Productiviff Unit, PMBC, for their fornnately, no earlier data exists from the present study help in collecting samples. area.

REFERENCES

Aryuthaka, C. & W. Thubthimsang. 1991. Distribution of economically important demersal fish by depth off

Chanthaburi, East Thailan d. Proceeding of the seminar on Fisheries I 99I , Department of Fisheries, Thai- land. p. 467471. Bhatia, U. & S. Chullasorn. 1980. Coastal fisheries on the west coast of Thailand. Thai Fisheries Gazette 33(4):383'405. Chantarvong, T., V Boonraksa & N. Bussarawit. 1984. The trawl fisheries and the status of demersal fish resources in the Andaman Sea. Paper submitted at the Annual Meeting of Department of Fisheries, 4-7 September 1984, Bangkhaeq Bangkok, Thailand. 40 p. (mimeo, inThai) Janekarn, V. & T. Kiorboe. I 99 l. Temporal and spatial distribution offish larvae and their environmental biology in Phang-Nga Bay, Thailand. Phuket mar. biol. Cent. Res. Bull.56:23-40. 140 Taxononry and biologt of fishesfrom the Andaman Sea.

Pokapunt,W.&C.Tantivala. 1987. Observationsondemersalfishresourcesandtrashfishcompositionsinthe Andaman Sea 1985. ExploratoryFishing Division, Department ofFisheries, Bangko( Thailand. No. 23. 44 p. (inThai) Ritragsa, S. 1974. Results of the studies on the status of demersal fish resources in the Gulf of Thailand from trawling zurveys, 1963-1912. Marine Fisheries Laboratories, Department ofFisheries, Bangkolq Thailand. 40 p. (mimeo) SawangareeraksqS.&P.Boonruang. 1990. StudiesofabundanceanddistributionofPenaeidshrimpsinPhang- NgaBayandadjacent areas. Proceedingof the seminaronFisheries Igg0,Departmentof Fisheries,Thai- land. p. 23'7-252. Vadhanakul, S., Y. Memeskul & S. Pramokchutima. 1985. An analysis of demersal fish taken from otter-board trawling survey in the Gulf of Thailand, 1981. Technical Report No. 5/I 985 . Marine Fisheries Division, Department of Fisheries. 7l p.

Gobiidae TL.8.2 mm. Drawing by Vudhichai Janekarn.