T HOMAS LAMB E LIOT

1841 19 3 6

By E ARL MORSE WILBUR

But Critte: lore and bi; a wtlex twelve , p ,

He au bte d n b lw t bimxelve t an d e o ed i . g , fi f

SE COND PRIN T IN G

Iknmunu g

UNIT E D ST AT E S OE Au nmm Pref atory Note Ancestry

a l if e and n 1 41 - 1 r ucat o . 8 86 II . E y L Ed i 5

11 s t n t 1 1 . s a e s at . 1 8 A oci Mi i ry St. Louis 865 67

he ew el 1 86 z T N Fi d at Portland . 7

arl n s r o an 1 86 -1 8 1 a E y Mi i t y at P rtl d . 7 7

n ia un at n 1 8 1 - 1 8 6 fi Layi g Soc l Fo d io s . 7 7

é ear broa 1 8 6 1 8 A Y A d . 7 77

VIII 1d 1n and en n n ue 18 1 882 en ee nce . . W g D p i g I fl 77

" ater n str : Or aniza on of oc al enc es I . L Mi i y g ti S i Ag i 1 882 1 890

f t h 18 0-1 8 The Close o the Pas orate : the Preac er. 9 93

r 1 8 2 -1 2 Cultural and Educational Wo k . 9 9 5

l n ars 1 2 - 1 6 The C osi g Ye . 9 5 93 Family Life : Personal Traits

"I hara er- etch V. C ct Sk Notes Ofiices Held Published Writings

Ancestral Table

ILLUSTRATIONS

hom as amb l ot 1932 T L E i ,

homas amb l o abou 1 847 T L E i t, t " " ” n al a t 1 T om a d H , bou 85 5

“ The Golden State The Beaumont House

enrietta Robins ac and ar El ac 1 8 6 H M k M y y M k, 5

enr e ta Rob ns ac abou 1 862 H i t i M k, t

homas amb l ot abou 1 862 T L E i , t Home of Thomas and Mary Frazar T he Chapel in 1 876

The hurch of Our a her 1879 C F t , The Family Residence Eliot Glacier

ho m as amb l ot 1 880 T L E i ,

enrietta Rob ns liot 1 883 H i E ,

homas amb l ot and his o her about 1 890 T L E i M t ,

Shushula

Eliot Hall

homas amb l ot 1908 T L E i ,

enrietta Rob ns liot 1 91 1 H i E ,

homas amb l ot 19 16 T L E i , ILLUSTRATIONS ( Continued)

T he Church of Our Father " n n Room 227 Di i g , " ” arlor 22 P , 7

enr etta Rob ns l ot about 1 895 H i i E i ,

hom as amb El ot about 1929 T L i , Memorial Tablet Thomas Lamb Eliot and Henrietta Robins Eliot PREFATORY NOTE

’ This sketch of Dr . Eliot s life has been prepared at the m request of his family, and written primarily with the in mind . It therefore includes in the record various minor m m details , and a few inti ate atters, of interest much more to them than to a wider public . The sources drawn upon have been the diaries and cor

t - respondence of Dr . Eliot, his prin ed writings, scrap books m containing reports of his ser ons and addresses, reports and records of organizations with which he had to do ,

m recollec files of conte porary newspapers, and personal tions of the writer and others .

Superior figures in the text refer to notes at the end of it .

E CHAPT R I .

It is the purpose of this narrative to place upon record som e account of the life and services of one who in his young manhood left the East with all the advantages and attractions that long - settled communities might have aff orded him, and deliberately chose for the field of his

-w - life ork a little trading town , barely twenty years old, raw and crude, in a clearing by the Willamette river in

Oregon, in a remote corner of the country . Here he m m re ained for nearly seventy years, and fro the vantage ground of a Christian ministry broadly conceived and generously practiced placed an enduring m ark not only upon his adopted city of Portland , but also upon the State m of Oregon , and to so e extent upon the whole Pacific m Northwest, its religious character, its oral standards, its li h i civic fe, its philant ropies , its educational institut ons, its C m agencies for ulture and refine ent, its social intercourse upon everything, in fact, closely related to the higher life Of a lusty new civilization .

Thom as Lamb Eliot came of an ancestry which on both m sides is traced back to early colonial ti es and beyond, and m m includes any distinguished na es, though it was char him acteristic of that he never boasted of his pedigree, and 2

m m the mi seldo entioned it outside fa ly circle . To one of his daughters he once said that the things to be most proud

’ t are of in one s ances ry their education and piety. Those, however, who recognize the value of a good inheritance will be interested to know something of the stock from

am li The Eliots are one of the ancient f i es of England.

was Their ancestral seat in Cornwall, and in the fine old m ’ i Nor an parish church of St . German s, a few m les west

m - m of Ply outh , one may to day see to bstones of nearly m m l forty e bers of the fami y ; while hard by is Port Eliot, the s m w spaciou ansion hich , after having once been part m of a onastic establishment, has for generations been the

a family seat. Of these Eliots c me Sir Thomas Elyot, famed m un . diplo at and scholar der Henry VIII , and author of " ” m Governour The Boke na ed the ; and Sir John Eliot who, f r h o t e I. resisting tyrannies of Charles , died in the Tower 16 2 of London in 3 . One branch of the family early removed to East Coker in m 1668 m So erset, whence about Andrew Eliot ca e with his s wife and children to Beverly, Mas , the earliest of the 1 m m m an distinc na e to co e to America . He was a of local m m m tion . His grandson of the sa e na e re oved to Boston e tu arly in the eighteenth cen ry, where his son, the fourth m m Andrew, after graduating fro Harvard College, beca e

of i minister the New North Church, wh ch he declined to leave even when elected President of Harvard . It was the

’ latter s great grandson, William Greenleaf Eliot, second 3

of the name, that was the father of Thomas , whose life is

here narrated . This William ’ s grandfather Samuel had married Eliza beth , daughter of William Greenleaf, Member of the Pro vincial ff ff C Congress who, as High Sheri of Su olk ounty, was appointed to read the Declaration of Independence 1 from the balcony of the old State House in Boston in 776. He was one of the most prominent of the patriots during

o . the Revoluti n, and an intimate friend of Washington z Elizabeth Greenleaf had a younger sister Margaret who ” 3 r i c ma r ed Judge Thomas Dawes, conspi uous patriot, and their daughter Margaret married the first William Green

leaf Eliot, and thus was paternal grandmother of Thomas c Eliot ; while yet another sister, Nan y, married Judge Wil

’ liam Cranch (see below) and became Thomas s m aternal grandmother . m ’ Tho as Eliot s mother was of the Cranch family, prom nent r c . c i in the histo y of "uin y, Mass Ri hard, first of the "in sbrid e name to come to America, was from g g in

e . D vonshire He married Mary, daughter of Parson Wil m 4 liam Smith of Wey outh, and their son William was Assistant Judge and later Chief Justice of the United States Circuit Court for the District of Columbia from

’ 1801 to Of Judge Cranch s thirteen children Chris

to her was m m p Pearse a painter of so e erit, and one of the the m poets of Transcendental move ent, while Abby Adams the (named for her aunt, wife of President John Adams) married William Greenleaf Eliot of St . Louis and became " mother of Thomas .

" ancestral ta le a e h See b t th end o f t e book. 4

Thus if ancestral factors count fo r anything in the m a o f ini king personality, then intelligence, virtue, piety, tiative and — inher , public spirit force of character the best itance that New England could bequeath— must have been deeply foreordained for Thom as Eliot from as far back as

n u his a cestry is known . All these q alities were destined to be confirmed by the character o f his parents and the mold o ing influences f his early life in their home.

a m f . o . His f ther, the Rev Willia Greenleaf Eliot St 6 s 181 1 Louis, was born at New Bedford, Mas , in , but was

. C. brought up in Washington , D , where his father, for m m ffi t erly a New Bedford erchant, held an o ce in the Pos Offie m m c Depart ent . His i agination had been early kindled ‘ by what he heard or read o f the rapidly growing settlement in Missouri ; and after graduating from the Harvard Divin ity School in 1854 he lent a willing ear to the call o f the

- new West, and went at the age of twenty three to take up m s his inistry in the frontier town of St . Loui , where he was m to spend his life in the service of religion, good orals, m m philanthropy, civic i prove ent and education, thus fore shadowing and furnishing a pattern for the strikingly sim ilar rOle that his son was destined to play a generation i later in a very similar situation on another frontier. It w ll

’ to summ ar1ze be the purpose, then, to the father s career, m o f as an anticipatory epito e of that the son, which is here to be related . 18 4 m St . Louis in 3 was an a bitious little city of eight or ten thousand inhabitants at the western edge of American m civilization . Fro the levee on the Mississippi it extended cm de back only to Seventh Street . Physically it was as as

the ff al well could be, and conditions a ecting public he th ff incredibly primitive . Conditions a ecting the higher mm life of the co unity were little better . The only organi zations devoted to any phase of public welfare were five l young churches . There were no public schools . Mr . E iot was the first minister here of the Church of the Messiah 7 t (Unitarian), and he served it wi h unwearied devotion

- 4 not r m 1 8 1873 . for thi ty nine years, fro 3 to He did , how

m his ever, li it his interest or activities to his church , or even t o religion in any restricted sense : he took all that concerned the higher life of the comm unity to be his

But province . his first energies were given to building up a church as the foundation of a wholesome civilization ; and he did this with such success that its m em bers were m m m m m always among the ost pro inent, and so eti es al ost

m m f or . the sole, workers in any ove ent the public good Within a short generation it becam e famed the cou ntry over for the extraordinary sum s its m em bers gave year

after year for philanthropic purposes .

He did not stop here, however . Mentioning his broader

e c activiti s in the order in which they oc urred, he took the lead in organizing the first institution for the benefit of neglected street - boys ; was one of the founders of the Acad emy of Sciences ; was for several years President of the School Board ; was more than any one else responsible for establishing in St . Louis the first public schools in the

State ; was President of the State School for the Blind , and Curator of the State University ; was the inspirer and p rac 6

al an tic ly the founder of Washington University, and of academy fo r boys and one for girls subsidiary to it founded in the Mission Free School an institution which — attacked the problem o f the slum a long generation before m social settle ents were invented ; helped establish the St . Louis Provident Association ; was tireless in leading the l his opposition to public icensing of vice, and in advocacy

- r m rm su f of anti slave y, te perance, prison refo , and equal frage ; and in the time of the Civil War he organized the

an m Western S itary Commission, and did ore than any m en m other ten , so General Sher an is said to have declared, 9 to save Missouri for the Union . m an With all this, he was a of far less than rugged stitution , was long so disabled for writing that he had to rely upon an and several times had to with draw from his work for extended periods in order to c r re over strength to keep on with it . Yet his short figu e and delicate fram e were informed by an iron will that

d a m s shirke no labors, shr nk fro no danger , and was him daunted by no Obstacles . These things are related of here for the light they shed upon the career of his son in i l e i Portland, wh ch para l ls that of the father in so strik ng a way that it is difficult to resist the thought that when the son was called upon to face an almost identical situation in a m hi tion and odel in the work of s father.

HAP E R C T II . EARLY LIFE AND EDUCATION

1841-1865

o u w 12 as . 1 Th mas Lamb Eliot born at St Louis October 3, 1841 i , being the third of fourteen ch ldren , and the first one to reach adult life . The household was repeatedly sub ected j to the discipline of sorrow, for of the fourteen chil dren there were only five that did not die in infancy or 13 184 - 1 1 early life . Of these Henry Ware ( 3 9 9) occupied an honorable and important station in the business life of

- St . Louis, and was for forty two years a Director of Wash ingron University ; Christopher Rhodes entered the ministry and served with distinction for forty-five years ( 1882 1927) in the First Parish Church on Meeting-house Hill

1n Bulfinch Dorchester and the Place Church in Boston, and has been active in work for temperance and philan thropy; Edward Cranch ( 1858-1928) was an honored m - ember of the St . Louis bar for forty eight years, and for thirty-six years honorary lecturer at the Law School of Washington University ; and Rose Greenleaf ( 1862- 1936) who becam e the wife of Professor Holmes Smith of Wash

ton ing University, was for many years active on the board of the St . Louis Training School for Nurses, and published some fugitive but beautiful verse . 8

The atmosphere o f the home must have been prevail in l f o r g y serious , the father was deeply engrossed in the duties o f his profession and the m anifold calls of his wider m service, and the other was busied with the responsibilities m m of her large fa ily and often shadowed by bereave ent, although her placid spirit and her ready sense of humor

to ha m e never failed radiate peace and pp ss . But t here are m evidences that young Tho as was blessed with a happy,

u m m m cheerf l te pera ent, and had a nor al share of whole

m m a m o f so e ani l spirits . The ho e was one comfort, but there were few o r no luxuries ; and there was perhaps m m the so ething deeper than jest in a re ark that Dr . Eliot

m : me father often ade Give the luxuries of life, and I will dispense with the necessities . As he habitually headed any c subscription paper that he cir ulated with , a generous sub o f scription his own, once even selling his private library f or and m the purpose, at another ti e, in the interest of a m Of a freed an , foregoing the purchase a pi no long desired

f or - m on and saved , self denying econo y was the rule all m ’ m m hands . The fa ily s later ho e on Beau ont Place beyond

. now ff what is Je erson Avenue, then Pratt Avenue, was

out T om practically in the country, and the two older boys, and Hal , had their experience of country life as they took care of the horse and cow and grew vegetables for family use in the kitchen-garden ; and they often went shooting or

mm m u m fishing. Su ers the fa ily us ally escaped fro the heat

o m of St . Louis by vacati ns in New England, ost often at m 1 T om . . 85 Ha pton Beach, N H In July, 9, went with a boy friend on a steamer trip up the Mississippi as far as St .

9

Paul . Of this trip he kept a lively journal, illustrated with many amusing sketches . m l Plain living and high thinking were the unbroken e . It need hardly be added that the m oral and spiritual ideals of the fam ily were of the highest . It was the Puritan tra i m d tion at its best, softened with ti e and shorn of narrow ff ness and intolerance, but regarding the e ort to cultivate irreproachable and unselfish c haracter as one o f the m ost important objects in life . The gentle essence of reasonable and spiritual religion, though never obtruded or forced, pervaded the home like the fragrance of unseen flowers

u m t filling the air . Spr ng fro such an ancestry and nur ured m i in such a ho e, noth ng is wanting in outward factors to explain howThomas Eliot came to be such a man as he was . Nothing eventful is recorded in Thomas’ s early school ing . He first attended the public schools which his father had been instrumental in establishing, and then finished his preparation for college in the Academy (later known as Smith Academy) which his father had been the means 1 4 of founding in 85 . He was ready for college just in time to be one of the five who m ade up the first class to be grad uated 20 1862 m - June , , fro the newly founded Washington “ m University . The curriculu was the traditional one in vogue before the days of electives, and was designed to furnish a purely cultural training based solidly on the m i as i m hu an ties represented in the anc ent classics, athe m a i t cs . , and literary studies Perhaps the courses that left him deepest influence on were those in Greek, taught with great thoroughness by Chancellor Joseph G . Hoyt and Pro 10

f esso r Sylvester Waterhouse . Throughout his life nothing gave him greater pleasure than to keep fresh his acquain t m s tance with the Greek poe s and dra ati ts . Though a good student he did not become distinguished

so as a scholar , and indeed could scarcely have done , owing to r a misfortune which overtook him ea ly in his course, and f handicapped him during all the rest o his life. It also led indirectly to his finding the scene of his life-work on the

Pacific Coast . In his seventeenth year he began to have

u serious tro ble with his eyes . The tradition is that this was caused by a too early use of his eyes after being poisoned

o ak o r m with poison , perhaps after an attack Of easles ;

la ” but it is probable that the real cause y deeper, as in a

m of m for astig atism not correctly diagnosed . Though his

him not eyes gave pain, he unfortunately did realize the

to danger, and having been trained like a Spartan bear m m pain without co plaint, he had done the irreparable damage before it was realized what he was doing . The consequence was that f o r the greater part of his studies thereafter in both college and divinity school he had to

m con depend upon readers . Even any years afterwards he fided to the writer that he was seldom able to read much more than a quarter o f an hour without pain .

o f 1860 In the hope benefiting his eyes he was in , when

- fo r half way through his college course, sent a long voyage r in a sailing vessel around Cape Horn bound fo China . He left home June 6 and sailed from New York June 23 in " ” l l s Ran ett . the clipper ship Golden State, Capt . Charles A .

12

' the Captain to allow him to perform sailor s duties as far

- . n as possible His only fellow passenger, a you g law stu of dent, nephew the Captain, read to him the whole of

’ mm on m Kent s Co entaries A erican Law . He is said also in course of the voyage to have committed to memory a

’ o f of large part Dana s Household Book Poetry, and also

’ Milton s Paradise Lost . The passage round the Horn was

m for - stor y, and three weeks they were ice bound . There can be little doubt that the ample time left him for reflec tion during all those weary and discouraging months to m ou helped ature his th ght, and bore good fruit in his later life . m At last, after over four onths at sea, he arrived in San

Franc1sco 2 1860 m m October 9, . By this ti e it had beco e

u a no q ite cle r that, as his eyes were better, he could gain no o f benefit by proceeding further . Indeed, the plan his ship itself was changed by orders to proceed not to China as m had been expected, but to Liverpool . He re ained in Cali i m f orn a o r fo r m . seven eight weeks, waiting advices fro ho e The time passed pleasantly enough in the fascinating and m ro antic San Francisco of R . H . Dana, Mark Twain , and

a m o f Bret H rte . He went duck shooting in the arshes what i now cit o f is the y Oakland, and near Monterey, and went up the Sacram ento River and visited the mining camps . m In San Francisco Tho as Starr King, who not long before had come out from Boston to be minister of the first Uni tarian church on the Pacific Coast, and had wholly fallen ’ under the spell o f the Golden West and seen a prophet s o f him and him vision its future, befriended gave counsel

13 on which he was to act seven years later when he too had u an opport nity to settle on the Pacific Coast . m At length , having heard fro his father, he again put ” " D c m 2 1 m to sea on the Sonora, e e ber , and returned ho e m by way of the Isth us of Panama . Upon landing in New

York he was met by a telegram from his father saying, " m m e The ti es are out of joint . Co e hom as soon as pos ” m sible . Gathering clouds portended the co ing Civil War. m 1 1861 He reached ho e January 9, , and with eyes only slightly improved , though otherwise in perfect health, m resumed his college studies . Though he had to have ost of his lessons read to him, he had acquired such power of concentrated attention that he was able to learn more rap idly and perfectly by ear than any of his classm ates by be eye, and fully kept up with his class . Inheritance and the family environment would naturally have conspired to m ake Thom as take a serious view of life and its responsibilities ; but when he was fourteen the sud o f den death his sister Mary, three years older than he, as the him - result of an accident, marked for the turning point m m fro boyhood to responsible manhood . The serious ood was nine years later strongly confirmed in hi mby the tragic death by drowning of his younger sister Ada, at the age of m m seventeen . A little sheaf of ten school the es fro his m Acade y days, when he was fifteen and sixteen years old, en has been preserved, and shows that his mind was even th seriously occupied with religious questions, especially with evidences in Nature of the wisdom and goodness of God . Thus even before entering college he had determined to 14 enter the Christian ministry ; and although his constantly painful eyes furnished a serious obstacle, and he had little

m m he encourage ent save fro his father, tenaciously held to his purpose .

not his m He did , however, continue acade ic preparation at once after leaving college . Instead, he entered upon

-at- r practical training by acting as minister la ge in St . Louis in the Mission Free School , which had a few years before

’ been established under the patronage of his father s church

e invalu to minister to the negl cted poor . Here he gained able experience in visiting am ong the poor and learning

m - their proble s, and in working in the large Sunday school . At the same time he confirmed and extended his college i studies by serving in the Academy for a part of his t me, first as Tutor and then as Assistant Instructor in Greek and m Latin . His eyes ha pered his teaching, but he learned to glance through a whole page of Vergil and then teach it m from emory . This gave him admirable training in rapid m reading and in econo y of eyesight, as well as in power to concentrate and condense Along with this two-fold program of work he anticipated his professional education ' by reading theology under his father s direction .

In this period , midway of the Civil War, he was for several months in active service as an enlisted member of 16 the the Halleck Guard, though he was never called to

o f front at the seat war, and was but once required to shoot m mm at a man , when his Co pany was co anded to fire at a deserter .

E CHAPT R III .

I ST ASSOCIATE MIN STRY AT . LOUIS

1865-1867

After supplying the pulpit of the Unitarian church at

se eral t e Louisville for y weeks in the summer Mr . Eliot to 1n turned St . Louis, where he was October called to be Associate Pastor of his father ’ s church at a salary of i 1 and was ordained to the m nistry on Sunday, November 9,

6 . 18 5 . . The Rev Carlton A Staples of Milwaukee, his pred ecesso r m oflice m in the sa e , preached the ordination ser on ”

m ffi . fro the text, Who is su cient for these things Dr Eliot offered the ordaining prayer and gave the charge to the minister, and the Rev . A . D . Mayo of Cincinnati gave ” him the right hand of fellowship . A few days later he took another momentous step which was to enrich the whole of his subsequent life and contribute incalculably to its happiness and usefulness . On m 28 1865 m Nove ber , , he was arried to Henrietta Robins m Mack, daughter of Sa uel Ely and Rebecca Robins Mack 1 2 84 mi . . 1 5 of St Louis She was born June , , in the E ly ” i s Dick nson house at Amherst, Mas , which her grand 19 t m father then owned . A few years later her fa her re oved to Cincinnati, and thence to St. Louis, where he was an influential and highly honored figure in the insurance m 1 66 world until his pre ature death in 8 . His ancestry is nriett a Ro bins ack le t and her s ister ar E l ac He M ( f ) , M y y M k,

abou t 1 856

17

m traced fro John Mack, who came from Inverness, Scot 66 m t o . 1 land Salisbury, Mass , about 9, and re oved to 68 m . o 1 3 Ly e, Conn , ab ut , whence successive generations l Of his descendants migrated steadily inland . His ines of descent were interwoven with the Talcotts of Hartford

Wethersfield the Phel ses and , p and Wolcotts of Windsor, m the Elys and Burts of Long eadow, the Holyokes and

William ses D eerfield Pynchons of Springfield , the of , and the Davenports and Piersons of Yale College ; and those m of his wife, Rebecca A elia Robins of Cincinnati, with the Robinses and Burrs of Hartford, and the Footes and Still

Wethersfield m mans of , all outstanding na es in the early ’ history of the lower Connecticut valley . On her father s side the young bride could trace back to the Rev . Peter

Hobart, first minister at Hingham, and to the Rev . Richard r Mather, fi st minister at Dorchester, whose son and grand m m son, Increase and Cotton , beca e ore famous than he and on her mother ’ s side to Captain Myles Standish and

Edward Doty of the Mayflower .

’ two The young people first met just after Mr . Eliot s 1861 return from California in January, , he a junior in the

s h- t Univer ity, she a hig school s udent in her sixteenth year, m in the fresh bloom of a strikingly beautiful girlhood . Fro the very beginning of their acquaintance it was a case of 21 romantic and devoted love on both sides, which contin

-five ued to burn with undimmed flame for seventy years, and to all that ever crossed the threshold of their hom e was an inspiration and an ideal of what married life may m be. But for a ti e before they were m arried there was one 18

thing on which they were not united, and that the subject m an c on which and wife, and espe ially a minister and his m Of wife, would wish to be ost at one, the serious subject s m religious beliefs . Ever ince the beginning of the schis in n the Congregational churches ofNewE gland, his ancestors

had in every line gravitated toward the liberal side, while m and hers had all re ained as steadfastly orthodox, had included not fewer than sixteen ministers of the unwaver ing Puritan tradition . Her father was deacon in the Con

re ational g g church at St. Louis . She therefore hoped to con

. and vert Mr Eliot from the error of his beliefs, to that end began seriously to study the scripture evidence in the case .

The result was contrary to her expectations . Without fur ther effort at persuasion on his part than putting into her hands books which she might weigh for herself, the would be converter (not without great conflict within, and much m grief to her parents) beca e herself the convert, and pres ently found in her new faith so much satisfaction that ever afterwards she cherished it with the fervor of one who with a great price has purchased his freedom .

m 0 186 . They beca e engaged June 3 , 3 He entered Har

’ 1 4 m vard Divinity School in 86 . A few onths after his year s

m . course of study there was completed, they were arried

Fo r the first year they lived in the household of Dr . m Eliot, and then established their own ho e . For their wed n ding journey the you g couple went to New Orleans, where Mr. Eliot supplied the vacant pulpit for several m weeks, as he again did for two onths in the spring of m i r 1867 . It speaks uch for the concil atory spi it of these Henriet t a R obins Mack abo u t 1 862

lio t a ied a rom o tbir dren “ in bit o rbet - bo o b to tbe ( D r. E c rr p f p end o f bit life)

20

same time a third call came from the Unitarian church at

New Orleans, whose pulpit he had twice supplied . It had long been foreordained what the choice should r o n n be . Seven years befo e, his visit to San Fra cisco, Starr King had said to him in words that he had never for ” a m m an has gotten, The Pacific coast cl i s every who ever m R m m seen it and is willing to sacrifice hi self to it. e e ber m that any one that has seen this coast has got to co e back.

’ There s Oregon . And he had pointed to Oregon and Washington as the ” coming country” of Northwest Amer ica . Mr . Eliot therefore answered the call of the West as his father had done before him . His decision was reached m the very next day, and as soon as correspondence had ade

ui all definite he resigned his pastorate, left St . Lo s with m nl m his wife and infant son, Willia Gree eaf, on Nove ber

“ 1 1 ail m , and ten days later s ed fro New York on the Ris ing Star, Captain Conner . They reached San Francisco via the Isthmus on the m 1 3 Constitution , Captain Caverly, Dece ber , and thence after a delay o f six days fo r a connecting steamer pro

de to r t m cee d . . thei destination Mr Stebbins, wi h who they ” ai m stayed in San Francisco , s d any years later, I felt that i m never did sh p carry ore precious freight . The future of m u the church was assured . Such fir ness of purpose, s ch

ui and q et, silent fortitude, such clear vision of truth duty, ”zz were a pledge o f the truest success . Tho m as Lam b E lio t abo ut 1 862

CHAPTE R IV THE NEW FIELD AT PORTLAND

1867

- Mrs . Eliot had been wretchedly sea sick during the m m whole voyage, and had co e al ost to the verge of star vation ; but the long and trying journey of over six weeks " m m fro St . Louis ended when the iserable little tub Mon ” 25 m tana, five days out fro San Francisco , landed at Port land in the dark of a rainy early m orning on the day before

m 6 m Frazar 18 7 . . Christ as, Mr Tho as , the pioneer Unita m s rian of Portland, who had come out fro Massachusett

185 m cl in 3 , met the little fa ily at the ock with the only i 24 m hack the c ty yet boasted , and took the in the pouring rain through the muddy streets to his home on the west side of Fourth Street, in the middle of the block next south of where the County Court House now stands . A blazing r m fire on the hea th gave the cheerful welcome, and here they had their home until their furniture arrived four or five months later on a sailing vessel which had come round m the Horn . For several onths their infant son had only

- their sole leather trunk for his crib . 1845 Portland , which had been first settled in and incor orated 1 864 m p in , had as yet but so e inhabitants, scattered along the west bank of the Willamette . The set tled district reached little beyond Seventh Street, while 22 beyond that lay fresh clearings in the dense forests of u no Do glas fir. There were paved streets, and even in the older parts there was nothing better than rough plank side r walks . Du ing the rainy season the streets were filled with m d mm deep u . Co unication with the outside world was by steamer to San Francisco two or three times a month or

ai m by overland stage to California . M l fro the East was two m m nearly onths in transit, and a telegra to St. Louis 10 u m r cost $ . There was a r dimentary unicipal gove nment,

r two m benev a Libra y Association , newspapers, three s all m o f olent societies, two usical organizations, and churches 25 seven religious bodies . Beyond these primitive beginnings co s of civic life, Portland was a rude, raw frontier town, mo olitan for p in its vices, and with nearly all the agencies organizing and advancing the interests of higher civiliza tion still in the future. The significance of the life of Thom as Lamb Eliot lies m in the fact that co ing to such a frontier town, whose character in almost all respects relating to the higher inter

o f m an to remained ests was yet be determined, he here, unselfishly and unremittingly devoting all his strength of i two body and mind, heart and w ll , during critical, forma

a to i i tive gener tions , arousing, develop ng, and organiz ng the higher ideals Of this comm unity ; fo r the first genera tion largely through his broad work as minister of religion, and for the second as a public-spirited citizen in private h life . This was his constant task, and as he applied imself to it he placed his mark upon a large number of agencies of the most varied sort connected with the higher life o f Hom e o f Thom as and Mary Frazar

24

Society, and adopted a Constitution with the following preamble :

" “ We the fr en s of liberal hris ian oneers of ha f a th , i d C t ity, pi t t i in this new lan do here un te for the ur ose of stren then n d, i p p g i g each o her in the same and le e oursel es God hel in hat t , p dg v , p g, t by prayer and earnest efl ort we will use every endeavor to promote ” and advance the cause . It deserves noting that it was early agreed that there was t m never o be any gossip at the eetings . By weekly sewing meetings and such other means as wom en know how to m contrive, funds were accu ulated looking toward a future t f or church . The first expendi ure was a (in itself an eloquent witness to the devout spirit that m animated the ), and next after that for the beginnings of

u - a ch rch library, and a library for a Sunday school not yet established .

In the following month they wrote to the Rev . Horatio

o f him m Stebbins San Francisco, asking to co e up and preach for a few Sundays and counsel them about organ

m fo r 1 866 izing a church . He ca e three weeks in April , , and aroused so much interest that before he left and had been subscribed respectively f o r the pur

’ chase o f a church lot and for a minister s salary ; and on June 26 the First Unitarian Society was duly organized

- m m with twenty four signed e bers . Negotiations were then to undertaken with a view securing a pastor, though prog

m - ress was slow . Meanti e a quarter block at the southwest corner o f Yamhill and Seventh Street (Broadway) was purchased ; and as the Sewing Society had already accumu 25

d 400 a dd late $ to to other subscriptions for the purpose, they proceeded to build a modest chapel without waiting

’

m . . for a inister Mr Eliot s acceptance was received, how

ih ever, late October, and construction was pushed forward

ai and the chapel was finished , furnished and p d for shortly m the before his arrival . The ho e of Governor Gibbs was l on y other building on the block, of which the rest was covered with logs and stumps . For any evening meeting it was necessary to pick one ’ s way with a lantern through the mud and over logs in order to reach the chapel . EARLY MINISTRY AT PORTLAND

1867- 1871

o f r On the evening Christmas, the day after their ar ival , there was a gathering in the chapel to welcome the new on pastor and his wife, and the following Sunday after m in noon the building was for ally dedicated, the presence of a congregation that crowded it . Other churches were

m of m gracious in their welco e . One the local inisters,

m m to m . indeed, though he ade a pro pt call welco e Mr

Eliot as a citizen and neighbor, felt in conscience bound to say that he was unable to give him any recognition as a

Christian minister . The Baptist, Methodist and Presby

u terian ministers, however, were conscious of no s ch

serv1ces m constraint, but attended and took part in , the , which indeed nothing was said that could compromise

m f or m m the , the ser on anifested a breadth and depth of w Christian spirit that on all hearts . On the next two Sun

a - o z days Sunday scho l was gathered and organi ed, with about fifty children, seven teachers, and Mr . Eliot as Super in enden m t t. It grew rapidly and steadily . Within a onth the work o f the parish was proceeding under full headway . The work o f organization was completed just before sum

27

n mer by the constitution of a Church , or body of commu i

-one m m cants, with thirty me bers, as distinguished fro the s m Society or busines corporation . There were services orn ing and afternoon ( f o r the condition of the streets f or m com so e time stood in the way of an evening service), m munion on the first Sunday afternoon of the onth , week

’ day evening religious meetings, and frequent teachers meetings . Sunday evenings usually found Mr . Eliot wor i sh ping at one of the other churches . m Mr . Eliot was short in stature and so ewhat slight in 6 fiure t m g f and with his smoo h face, fresh co plexion, and luxuriant hair he had a singularly youthful appearance , so ’ that he was known as the boy preacher ; but he had a m an s full work to do in the dificult task of building up a new m m move ent in pioneer territory . His ser on work came very hard . His eyes continued to trouble him, and gave him m m al ost constant discomfort . For so e years, until he grew accustomed to preaching without m anuscript (which he do t began to after about a year), his wife habi ually wrote m m out his ser ons fro dictation, and this practice was con 27 inu m r f t ed ore o less o r a dozen years . Every afternoon and m any evenmgs found him in the homes or places of busi Of m ness his people, aking and deepening acquaintances, and learning their experiences and their problem s as he

won ff gradually their confidence and a ection . The church u grew nder his ministrations, and on Sundays the chapel was well filled . It was not until early summer that the household goods m arrived fro their long voyage around the Horn, and the 28 family were able to set up their own establishment in a

on u o f m rented house the so th side Sal on Street, just west 28 o f Fifth Street . The first year had been a hard one, and for m not m though vacations inisters were yet custo ary, he was given the option o f omitting evening services during

’ m o r o f two va August and Septe ber, taking weeks full cation ; but he continued both services almost without interruption .

For o f f the first ten years his pastorate the routine o Mr . ’ m Eliot s work varied little, and consisted for the ost part in conscientious devotion to the Sunday worship and o f preaching, in guiding the subordinate activities the m parish, and in unre itting pastoral care of individuals . But be early began also to feel responsibility for the unchu rched lying beyond the limits o f his own congrega

for tion . There was the hospital the insane in Hawthorne

Addition across the river ; there was the county jail , often m m m overcrowded with in ates, so e Of the confined for m any months ; there was the county poor farm out on the

m o f o r Canyon Road, with its pitiful co pany the aged

no t o f r o f the hith destitute . It is reco d that any churches erto had discovered any obligation to these unfortunates . As soon therefore as his second service was changed from

‘

to mm o f 186 . afternoon evening in the su er 9, Mr Eliot began to spend an occasional Sunday afternoon in going to one or another o f these institutions to take bundles of

or m f or m papers other reading atter the in ates, and to hold religious services . In these he addressed his congrega

no t a o r m or tion as ins ne, cri inals, paupers, but as fellow

30

sectarian end had been intended, and the sermons were

a m on planned as practic l ones, with serious e phasis funda m m ental religious and oral truths . Whether there was envy that these services attracted so much larger congregations than those in the older churches, or whether it was sincerely feared that harm m might be done by the doctrine preached, the other inis ters o f the city felt that a concerted effort must be m ade to u o f counteract their infl ence . They chose the minister the Baptist church f or their spokesmen at a union meeting ; (1 as it was thought but fair that he should have a chance to m reply before the sa e congregation to which Mr . Eliot ff f or had preached, he was o ered the theatre this purpose ni m the next Sunday eve ng . Accordingly he e braced the to ff r u opportunity o er severe st ict res upon the services, and undertook to confute as far as possible the teachings o f the m previous ser on , in which Mr . Eliot had urged the cer t of not tain y future retribution , even though it did take f m the form o eternal suffering . The ser on was preached before one o f the largest audiences that had ever gathered f r r o religious pu poses in Portland . While unsparing in

m m a too criticis , in which ny thought it was personal , it was

r m m fo the ost part fair and courteous in anner . The local m newspapers, both secular and religious, took up the atter, one o f them insinuating that the theatrical interests had promoted the services in order to m ake theatre-going rep n to m " table, and encourage loose orals The whole town was agog . The series ended on Easter evening with a ser ” mon on : not Liberal Christianity what it is and is , which 31

was listened to by a great crowd, made a profound impres n m m m sio , and was re e bered for any years . The eflect of these m eetings upon the church was imm e diate . Congregations at the regular services increased and outgrew the chapel , so that a gallery had to be added that

m had very winter . Fro that time on Mr . Eliot a following in Portland that far outnum bered the regular members Of own m his congregation . He thus beca e by common consent i to m the m nister of the unchurched , who those without other connections instinctively turned for the offices of i m h religion, and for understand ng sy pat y and counsel in m m the e ergencies of life . A si ilar theatre series was held m m the following winter, with ser ons on vital oral and religious themes ; but no controversial or doctrinal note was struck, and the hostility of the previous year was not renewed . Public interest had waned as the novelty of such

rv o ff se ices had worn , but they had served their purpose and had secured the church and its m inister a perm anent m m m place in the estee of any that had attended the . 186 " In June, 9, the Pacific railroad now being finished , m Mr . Eliot was cheered by a visit fro his parents and his t m w t o . li tle sister Rose, acco panied by friends from the St

Louis church, and also by Miss Dorothea L . Dix, long since internationally known for her work in behalf of the insane and the prisoner . She at once deeply interested herself in the philanthropic work in which Mr . Eliot had begun to be engrossed in Portland, visited the jail and the insane asy m ‘ n in Ore o . lum, and gave an i pulse to humanitarian work g

In connection with this work Mr . Eliot was in frequent 32

correspondence with her henceforth until near the end of 188 her life in 7 . He repeatedly sought counsel of her wide

as experience, and often received her generous assistance, to o f as the shaping policies and legislation, the planning o f of buildings, and the administration institutions . Thus behind the scenes she first and last had far greater influence than was ever realized in introducing m ore enlightened and hum ane treatment Of the insane and the delinquent in

both Oregon and Washington Territory. He and Mrs . f Eliot always regarded her with deep and reverent a fection, 1n m m which she returned any ways . They na ed in her

honor the daughter born next after her visit, and kept up m an inti ate relation with her as long as she lived .

That summ er Mr . Eliot also took the first extended vaca m tion since his arrival , though even then he preached so e where nearly every Sunday. Leaving his little family with

m the friends at the seaside, he ade long journey to Neah t o f Bay, at the northwestern ex remity Washington Terri 29 m tory, to visit his dear friend, Henry Webster, who Pres ident Lincoln had appointed Indian Agent at the reserva ’ tion there . This was the beginning of Mr. Eliot s lively

interest in the Indian , and of a knowledge of the Indian

question which became deep and authoritative . For during thirty years from 1875 to 1905 he was the trusted repre sentative of the New England Society fo r Propagating the m Gospel a ong the Indians, and its watchful eye over the

reservation Indians and Indian schools of the Northwest . In the service o f this Society he repeatedly visited the vari ous reservations and schools throughout the whole North 33

west and as far east as Montana, giving the agents friendly m counsel , encouraging and sti ulating the teachers, and inspiring their pupils . To the Rev . William Duncan, long engaged in very successful mission work am ong the Indians

Metlakahtla at in Alaska, he also gave wise counsel and m sy pathetic encouragement, which Duncan often sought m and greatly valued . When therefore editorial o niscience pronounced m any years later that it was entirely useless to try to civilize or educate the Indian , he was able to say in reply that having in the past thirty years visited every res ervation m m m in the Northwest, many of the any ti es, he could claim to be better inform ed on that subject than any ff 30 v1ew . one else , when he held a di erent of the matter During this year ( 1869) he m ade nearly parish n visits day and eveni g . What with his two sermons a week, superintendence of the Sunday-school and always a ser monette to the children, occasional services at public insti tutions - , incessant calls for extra parochial service, illness in his own family and especial anxiety for the health of his wife, the constant nervous strain from his eyes, the pinching economy dem anded by an inadequate salary irreg ularl y paid and often far in arrears, and never a relief from a visiting minister or an exchange in his remote out post, it is no wonder that under the unrelaxing tension his health began to break . He was forced therefore to ask for a leave of absence, during which he returned with his m m f . m O fa ily to St Louis . He was away fro the iddle June 1 870 until Thanksgiving, ; his pulpit being supplied, and 34

the church work well carried on, by the Rev. John W. o f Hudson Peabody, Mass . m in Returned fro his leave refreshed health and strength , o Mr . Eliot to k up his work with new vigor, and began m o f aking parish visits at the rate a hundred a month, in to order pick up the stitches dropped during his absence .

o f u m him As a result a s ggestion ade by while in the East, o f the Rev . John C . Kimball Beverly, Mass . was sent out early in 1871 as a scout to explore opportunities for church i m extension in the grow ng new country . Mr . Ki ball preached in m any towns in the Willamette and Columbia h m valleys, and at length established a churc at Oly pia, T i W. . ; wh le Mr . Eliot, occasionally relieved by him, d m n would o issionary work in other tow s . Upon leaving m to O . Portland take up his work at ly pia, Mr Kimball sent

’

s . a letter ea t giving his impression of Mr Eliot s work, which as the observation of a competent witness deserves quotation

w a 1 1 1 . l r T . M 8 o t Ri e . 3 7 C i z v , W , y ,

"ou perhaps expect a few words in regard to our cause I is har l o i l t s eak f the wor wh ch itself in Portland . t d y p ss b e o p o k i h en n h r in t rm t o h h T h s ie hou h not the as be o e t e e e s o . e oc d ig ty, t g lar est in the lace is health orous thorou hl or ani e g p , y, vig , g y g z d, built u on the so li hr stian foun ation and full of enuine p d C i d , g rel ous l fe alm ost the eal of a n tar an hr stian church igi i , id U i i C i at the sam e t m e h s soc et is not a con lomerat on but a thor i t i i y g i , u h r an ation It has all the or nances of hr st anit full o g o g iz . di C i i y y reco n e — has them too not m erel as res ectable tra tions g iz d , , y p di , l r less new eo le but as li n ac i e nstrum enta t es . ore o vi g, t v i i i M p p unite with the church every month; and each one seems to add 35 13 801 68

mm w f r something to the co on stock o f love and orking o ce . The o os ion er b er wh ch it encountere at rst has been pp it , v y itt , i d fi , ' almos en rel o ercome ille out not b contro ers but b t ti y v , k d , y v y, y l wn I ast r h u h n hr n fr m stan in be n e o . ts o o ot s n o i g iv d d p , t g i ki g d g u m anfull f or the ru h in ar umen when com elle to do so p y t t g t p d , has rather— with one in his f amily who in everything has wrought side by side with him as only wom en can work— c hosen the sweeter and more novel way of going out into the community amon the oo r and s c and unfortunate ro n the neness g p i k , p vi g divi of hi f a h in f r th m a ne w r It has been won s it by do g o e divi o k . derfully successful— a kind of evidence the other churches have not been able to answer f rom cr ure or reas on or re u ce S ipt , , p j di , r h l m wha m en i feare w th o an in e se so e to he r amaze t . He s yt g , t t i d, i a er o l so r of f ear too b hose who ff er f rom him m os v y g d y t , , y t di t w l in h l And in the mmunit at lar e own even in e t eo o . co id y gy y g , d the r n in saloons and the hotel s in -rooms and amon the d i k g , itt g , g deck-hands o f the steamboats— for it is well som etimes to get into such laces and find out how thin s are loo e at— eo le who p , g k d p p ra l at all other forms of rel on as humbu and at all other i igi g, ‘ m n sters and church-members as h ocr es and fools sa Oh i i yp it , y, , ha lit le l o and his set he are ff eren if all were l e him t t t E i t , t y di t ; ik , ’ reli n w m m n h n a m ha hi gio ould ean so ethi g . W e an gets so t t s silen n uence reaches a l in such laces and w h such elo t i fl p d i y p , it uence who shall measure his ower for oo or es ma e too q , p g d, ti t ” high the quality of his success " E CHAPT R VI . LAYING SOCIAL FOUND ATIONS

1871 -1876

While the unfriendliness of the other churches in the m l continued and city had so ewhat softened, it sti l ; Mr. Eliot " 1871 wrote Miss Dix in October, , I work very hard this m ” year . The other churches are agnifying and overbearing.

Nevertheless, attendance at his own church services, and Of m m the devotion the e bers, grew healthily. A year later ” our he wrote Miss Dix again, As a church, growth is

am steady . I striving mainly to bring in that piety and

m an holiness without which no will see the Lord . Inward m heart experience of the Love of God, the sole n sanctity ersonal of his Law, and the exceeding beauty and need of p reconcilement in everything to God, is the burden of my m i concern now, and that which I hu bly str ve to plant in h nk m others, and I t i we have so e fruit .

With the church now well established, and its various

of . lines activity well organized, Mr Eliot began to feel free to devote more of his energy to the broader interests of the Kingdom o f God ; and from now on the record gives increasingly frequent evidence of his activity in various 32 forms of philanthropic service or social reform . The first department o f this broader field to enlist his eff ort was that of child welfare . Ever since a short time before he arrived

38

1n agitating it public . He called attention to the matter in a pointed article in the newspaper, and preached what was “ m on m doubtless the first ser on in Portland refor schools,

the o f one out how powerfully urging need , and pointing to t t to proceed, hus planting seed that was at leng h bear fruit nearly fifteen years later . Yet another social problem that early appealed to him and engaged his earnest attention as long as he lived was o f m that inte perance . As a lad he had been taken by his

to of m an m father the bedside a dying of delirium tre ens, that he might see (as the unfortunate sufferer had re f quested) to what the use o intoxicants m ay lead . He was profoundly impressed by this experience, which he could m never forget, so that he could thenceforth never assu e a " ” liberal attitude toward the use of intox icants or the

rafli m t c in them . This proble came to the front in Portland m m al ost at the beginning of his inistry, and he early on m preached te perance, repeatedly returned to the sub 35 ect o r j in his pulpit in the press, and earnestly inculcated

- m on it in the Sunday school . Though hi self principle a not on m indul consistent abstainer, he did look oderate gence as necessarily sinful , and he never fell into either t m . no fanaticis or sentimentality on the subject He did , m however, consider it erely a private question for the indi

- vidual , but called attention to its far reaching social bear ings . He thus forcibly urged abstinence as a Christian duty,

on . the principle laid down by St Paul, that one is bound to take into account the effect that even an intrinsically to innocent practice m ay have upon others . When it came 39

- practical measures, he was ready to support whatever m ff t method promised to be ost practicable or most e ec ive, whether it were high license, local option, or general ff prohibition . Consequently he su ered a due measure of abuse from both sides ; from the liquor interests for o ppos ffi be ing their tra c, and from the temperance extremists cause he did not go so far as they . m To speak of his work for inor causes, he was active r m his in raising gene ous sums, largely fro own congrega ff m tion, for the relief of those in France su ering fro the

- suflerin - Penns l Franco Prussian war, for g coal miners in y vania, for victims of the great Chicago fire and of great he forest fires in Wisconsin and Michigan . To Miss Dix m m 1871 wrote of these atters in Nove ber, , reporting gen erous ak collections t en in his church , beside large contri m butions fro individuals in his congregation, and added, ” Our church appeared to lead in the grand work . He was also instrumental in having libraries provided for the insane

‘ s a ylum and the county jail, as also later for the Indian m School at Che awa and the State penitentiary at Salem . n 1 871 All this was i the single year , which was thus a

’ forecast of what his ministry in coming years was to be . Of t How much interest other ministers the ci y felt, or how m active a part they played, in the philanthropies and refor s of the period, the present writer is unable to say . They may have felt— it 1s a comm on feeling in the profession — that their particular mission ended with the words spoken from the pulpit by which they sought to stir up othersto do all th e good they could and prevent all the evil they could, 40 and with their personal ministrations in the homes of their ar1 hioner one p s s . But who takes the trouble to consult the record as it stands in the newspapers o f the time and in o f to the printed reports local organizations, is likely get the impression that from 1870 o n there was hardly an ff hi for m organized e ort for p lanthropy, or oral, social , o r educational political reform in Portland, in which Mr . Eliot did no t have an active part ; that in no t a few he had (though never obtrusively) the leading part ; and that of o r several he was the original inspirer proponent . Hence he gradually came to be accepted as an authoritative spokesm an for m ovements designed to promote the higher of life Portland, and those that looked for wise and sober counsel in such matters heard or read with trust and confi m r dence what he ight say o write . Many were the articles on u these s bjects that he contributed to the newspapers, and m m the ser ons that were reported in the , and not few were the editorials in the Oregonian that added their weight and gave their support to the causes or principles that he advocated . It is painful to have to record as a part of the religious history of Portland in the seventies that the dominat mm welcom ing religious forces in the co unity, instead of ing the efforts Of one who was beginning to be so influ ential in public causes which they should all have had m ff at heart, so far agnified the theological di erences that lay between them that they generally gave him the cold

to m o r shoulder, and in covert ways sought ha per under m m 18 2 . 7 ine his work In Nove ber, , he wrote Miss Dix, 41

m confidences with who he often shared the of his work, m m m and fro who he was sure to have hearty sy pathy, ” k We are doing well in church , I thin . The persistent jealousy and crowding on the part of the other churches is what wearies and discourages m e more than all labors besides . I have days and weeks of heartaches over the m interferences and hindrances that are thrown in y way .

It is underhanded , and all the harder to bear for that. His philanthropic work was by no m eans done at the expense of his primary work as minister of his church . ” in ai m Late life he s d, While I have been active in any lines of altruistic endeavor in Portland , yet first and last

I have been a minister of the Gospel . That has been my ” life work . The Sunday worship and preaching claimed m and received his first and ost serious thought, nor was his parish visiting ever put aside until duties deemed more important had been attended to . To him these were them selves the matters o f first importance . It was only by extra m o f ordinary econo y time and strength , and by incessant t activity, that he succeeded in doing also the other hings, well beyond the point where m any would have stopped m with a co fortable sense of duty fully done .

- In 1872 Mr . Eliot was already the longest settled min m ister in Portland , and was steadily gaining with co pound m interest that influence which co es of long residence . Evi u m de ces of public confidence ultiplied ; and once, when a lewd fellow of the baser sort was heard to utter som e r scandalous insinuation reflecting on his cha acter, his friends were roused to such a hot pitch of indignation 42

m m an o t o to t . that they co pelled the leave t wn, never re urn not It was until years had passed that Mr . Eliot heard of this episode .

— ’ in Mr . Eliot s interest the public schools and his acquain m fo r tance with the had long been known, he had habit ually attended the annual school meetings and frequently 1 visited the Schools . As early as 868 he had been urged to be a candidate fo r school director and had refused to stand ; but now the Office o f County School Superintendent became mm him tu to . vacant, and the co unity rned again While he

m u was absent fro the city, and witho t his knowledge or 1872 fo r consent, he was in unanimously nominated this f O fice by the Republicans . The nomination was a few days m later endorsed by the Democrats, and he was unani ously

u h w f elected . Knowing f ll well o sorely the standards O the schools needed raising, he accepted this as a call to serious

m - w two 1872 1876. as public duty, and served ter s, It a heavy load of responsibility f o r an already overworked m T w to . o pastor assu e days Of the week, as a rule, he spent in visiting among the forty widely scattered schools o f m Multno ah County, often driving through the woods to remote districts with his little son for companion . He

o r m Observed and counseled, encouraged ad onished the m teachers as the case ight be . On one occasion he visited a room in which he found everything in such perfect order so m and the teaching ad irable, that he stayed only a few

i u m n tes . The teacher felt aggrieved that he had paid so

to m little attention her roo , and complained of it to a " of friend . When Mr . Eliot was told it he said, She ought 43

m to have felt co plimented . It takes only a few minutes to discover whether one is a good teacher . Beyond this visit m ing there were the schools to grade, rules to ake, exam

’ inations of teachers to give twice a year, teachers institutes to plan and address, and reports to prepare and give to the press in order to stimulate public interest and raise standards and ideals . n of 18 4 While in the East in the autum 7 Mr . Eliot did not forget his responsibility for the schools, but improved his opportunity and visited over 200 school-rooms in the

five largest cities in the country, noting their form of v m go ern ent, supervision, methods and subjects of study . m He ca e back brimful of progressive ideas, and pre ff pared to introduce them as opportunity o ered . His final report for the year 1875 noted that reform s had been

i u m m made, rev sed r les adopted, i prove ents introduced, w grade ork revised, science work and phonetic spelling m m . introduced, and the syste of examinations i proved His reports were full of tonic for both teachers and parents, and the final one received special comm endation from

m . General Eaton, United States Com issioner of Education Four years of such work went far to bring order out of the o n previ us chaos and to change apathy i to interest, and he left the schools of the county and city appreciably better m organized than he had found the . It might have been fairly expected that the small annual stipend that he received for this laborious office would be appropriated by him as a legitimate perquisite for extra labor per m m for ed, to supple ent his rather scanty salary of 44

not so but he did regard it . Every dollar o f it he paid over ” to h m of m the churc , saying, When I beca e pastor y

to m ff o h church I engaged devote y time, e rts and t ought

to m u its religious and oral interests, and conseq ently I

do not m m fo r feel that this oney belongs to e . His work public education he interpreted as a part o f the community f or his m him service which church e ployed and paid . By 1873 Portland had co me to have twice the population m it had when Mr . Eliot first ca e to it . A railroad had been

om as f ar an built fr Portland south as Roseburg, and

ui on o f other was b lding the west side the valley, while a

o third was under c nstruction to Puget Sound . The church

o o f mm thr ve along with the rest the co unity, and was

u m often f ll to the doors . Then suddenly ca e the fire of

2 u i - August , b rn ng over twenty two blocks, causing a loss f o m . nearly and leaving any in want . Mr Eliot was appointed one of a committee of seven to disburse the relief funds o f nearly which the plucky citizens

had contributed, declining all outside assistance .

m to The te perance question continued be pressing, and

to fo r now arouse increased interest, the little city had over

m to con a hundred saloons, tending still ore increase the sumption o f alcoholic beverages as each strove to enlarge

its trade . Mr . Eliot preached and gave public addresses on

co - m m o f the subject, and operated in the onthly eetings

the m Open Te perance Society held in the various churches, effort now being centered on local option as the most prac

ticable method o f stemming the rising tide .

46

in his friends against the action proposed, but they were to sistent, and even urged him attend the meeting where to m the question was co e up . There, however, it appeared

a r to th t o thodox opposition had arisen, and their infinite chagrin the proposed amendment was rejected . At the of m one o f close the eeting the brethren, apparently wish in to g relieve the situation, approached Mr . Eliot and with

" ’ m I m to a bland s ile said, Well , Mr . Eliot, glad shake

’ bal o f ou hands with the Christian f y , anyway . Mr . Eliot s

u wit was eq al to the occasion and he replied, also with a m ” ou wme to . s ile, Thank y , sir ; allo reciprocate How no m ever, he cherished resent ent over what had taken m to place, paid the oney he had pledged contribute, and

to co - continued operate, though possibly a little less heart ily than before . This episode served to throw into clearer relief than hitherto the fundamental distinction between two rad icall ff o f y di erent types Christianity, and a week later he " made this the theme o f a sermon o n Evangelical Chris tianit to y, which was designed give his church a new sense f mm ” m o its distinctive mission in the co unity . In this ser on he pointed out that Orthodoxy and Liberal Christianity are not m o m , as often supposed , separated fro each ther erely ff m m a i by doctrinal di erences which broad inds y d sregard , but that they proceed upon fundamental principles rad icall ff ff y di erent, which a ect their whole outlook upon religion . The original chapel had now f o r some time been out for enlar grown by its congregation, and inadequate the g 47

m ing work of the church , and at the annual eeting in 1875 January, , it was voted to take steps toward a new building . Subscriptions were solicited, but it was deter mined that the church should not be built until it could be completed without debt ; and it was therefore four years before the project could be realized . Meanwhile the pas

’ tor s work went on as usual , and in an ever larger circle . m He visits the State School for Deaf Mutes at Sale , and “ m m al writes to the press of its needs . He fathers a e ori to the County Court urging the need for reform s in the e m crowded and insanitary jail , now littl ore than a train 41 ing school for criminals . He visits the old Washington asylum for the insane at Monticello , and records in his " ” diary that it is very dirty ; and he later goes to Olympia and appears before the Legislature in the interest of better i a the m adm nistr tion of new asylum at Steilacoo , and his

advice is valued . He still urges the need of a reform school for juvenile delinquents . He continues to visit the forty widely scattered schools of the county . These are the incidentals ; while for regular occupation he has every Sunday two serm ons to prepare and preach and his Sunday to u school attend to , beside reg lar monthly afternoon services at public institutions or in outlying communities ; and every week-day save when he is away visiting schools m he is out of the house soon after the noon eal , to spend the afternoon and often the evening in visiting the sick, the aged and the bereaved, as well as the more active members of his congregation . E CHAPT R VII . A YEAR ABROAD

1 876- 1877

Giving himself so prodigally and unremittingly not only m to his church, which ight well have passed for enough, but also to the service o f the comm unity or the State in

a not any cause rel ted to its higher life, it was surprising

’ that Mr . Eliot s health yet again threatened to break down 18 under the steady strain . Early in 75 his throat began to him trouble in public speaking, and the trouble continued m ’ and increased through the year . Clergy an s sore throat

m not is a stubborn co plaint, and it did yield to any treat m u ent he could find to apply . Disco raged about being able to resi continue as he was, he reluctantly presented his g

a o f 5 1876. con n tion as pastor the church, February , The gregation would no t f o r a moment listen to his leaving t m m him fo r he per anently, but instead they granted leave m fo r . twelve onths, with allowance expenses to St Louis

m a o n . t o and return He an ged keep until Easter, and then filed his final report as Superintendent o f Schools and

to u turned his duties over a s ccessor, saw his pulpit pro 42 vided f or o no t m , t ok what he could but fear ight be a

o f final leave his beloved people, and left with his family f o r T o t o f m the East . facilitate his s udy penal syste s he 49 bore with him an appointm ent as Oregon Comnussioner of Prisons . m m . . After a onth in St Louis, where he left his fa ily, Mr r m Eliot proceeded to Boston, attended the anniversa y eet m ings of his denomination at which he ade an address, visited the National Prison Congress in New York, and spent a few days of absorbing interest at the Centennial 20 Exhibition in Philadelphia . On June he sailed from

New York for Europe with his brother Christopher, just graduated from college . The brothers had two or three s in 43 week England, a short sojourn in Paris, and an ex tended walking tour in Switzerland , everywhere receiving m the new i pressions, enjoying the strange sights and

the scenes, and feasting on beauties and glories of Nature, that make one ’ s first trip abroad such a thrilling and trans on m forming experience . Then going to Italy they ade m long stays in Florence, Ro e and Naples, reading exten sively and enjoying with intelligent appreciation the varied

treasures of antiquity, as well as noting the good or bad

characteristics of current Italian life, social and religious . When the m ain opportunities of Italy had been fairly o d expl re , the question arose where to go next . There was danger that the clim ate of northern Europe at midwinter the might aggravate chronic throat trouble, which was m little improved . After uch hesitation on the score of ex ” m t pense, the agnetic currents se ting toward the shores of

Cecrops prevailed, and it was decided to visit Greece . It u was a fort nate decision . The Grecian trip, though it lasted

but tw 14-2 , elve days (February proved to be by far the 50 most rewarding and inspiring experience of the whole

’ year . Mr . Eliot s ripe classical studies and his familiarity with Greek literature had prepared him admirably for it, o f and every day was an intoxication delight in the land, m m the sky, the people, and the inco parable re ains of r ancient Greek architecture and sculptu e . The careful jour o f nal which he kept those days in Greece is so enthusiastic, m to interesting and vivid as al ost deserve publishing,

after sixty years . Schliem ann was then carrying on his excavations of m di dis ancient Greek cities, and making the ost astoun ng ‘ v ri co e es . He had just reached the pinnacle o f his work in M kenae b excavations at y , which unearthed what he elieved

’ to a o f m m . be the tre sures Aga e non Mr . Eliot s desire to see o f i these was intense, though there was little hope his be ng do so fo r able to , they were closely kept in a bank vault, not on hi and were yet ex bition . He did, however, call upon m him Schlie ann , who received graciously. Let his journal continue :

r 1 In the afternoon we en o e the en able r ile e Februa y 9 . j y d vi p iv g ’ D h ann tr a r had calle at his house f s e n r c l em s e sure t o e . o e i g . S i v I d and learned that to -day at 2 there would be shown a portion of the " ’ ' ” eachin the Agam emnon s and Helen s burial equipments . On r g National Bank we found a large number of healthy-looking E ng h l h T hi f rtunate e en we lishmen oflicers of t e n s ee . o s o , E g i fl t t v t “ ” probably owe the oppo rtunity o f a private view ; for this is the first time anything like a sight has been given to other than some r here were escr t ons of m ore than Lord Salisbu y. T d ip i D r chl emann n l furn she me the ates of ar cles obj ects . . S i ki d y i d d ti h hi r r r in t e Timer on s A give t easu es . 51

m m Return was ade fro Athens to Marseilles, and thence to Paris and to London . Here two weeks were spent, during which Mr . Eliot enjoyed several visits with the distin

uished . g Unitarian theologian, Dr James Martineau, who received him with great kindness . The brothers sailed from " 28 Liverpool March on the Montana, and after brief visits in New York and Boston reached St . Louis about m the middle of April . Here a happy onth of reunion was i enjoyed , during wh ch Mr . Eliot gave two public lectures at Washington University, one on Athens, and one on Dr .

M kenae Schliemann and his discoveries at y . Late in May m the family left for their far western ho e, and reached 17 1877 Portland June , , after an absence of just over four teen months .

In London and on the Continent Mr . Eliot had consulted eminent specialists about his throat trouble, but all to little purpose ; and he had almost reached home before any sub stantial progress was made toward this m ain objective of his long vacation . But while waiting at San Francisco for his steamer he chanced to meet an old Universalist min

snflered m m ister, who had once fro the same co plaint and o m re omm en had rec vered from it . He made a very si ple c

and dee abdomi dation , the conscious habitual practice of p nal breathing while speaking in public . Mr . Eliot followed i he the directions given , and after a short t me had no fur

ther trouble with his throat . ’ m Shortly after Mr . Eliot s departure for Europe an i por tant step was taken by the Portland church in the forma

tion of a society to manage its philanthropic activities . 52

From its earliest history it had been generous to philan thro ic p objects, and in its first year, upon a suggestion made m . o by Mr R. R . Tho ps n, monthly collections for the poor 18 t r were instituted . In 77 welve pe cent of all money raised f or by the church was charities . The pastor had kept all the now accounts scrupulously, but in his long absence organization was deemed necessary for the efficiency of the m work . The Christian Union was therefore for ed in May, m m 1876. Although its e bership never was large, and its work was so quietly done that m any o f the congregation o f were scarcely aware its existence, it was long the source and center of m any very important activities for social service in the city and the State . Beside collecting and dis h to ursing charity funds, it sent its committees regularly

visit public institutions of charity and correction, supply m m m the in ates with good reading atter, inister to their needs, and report upon their condition . When necessary, it promoted legislative reform of evil conditions ; it repeat edly urged correction of disgraceful conditions in the county jail ; it urged amendments to laws concerning the insane ; it started a library at the State penitentiary and later secured its m aintenance by the State ; it brought about m needed reform s at the county far . It early erected several public drinking fountains as a contribution toward the o f m m solution the te perance proble , thus anticipating by a quarter of a century the wise philanthropy of Simon Benson ; it organized a few years later the annual series of lectures on social science which were so fruitful in the eighties ; it opposed and helped prevent the establishing

WIDENING AND DEEPENING INFLUENCE

1 877-1882

’ The work o f the church during its pastor s absence had u been carried on as well as co ld be by substitutes, but it had unavoidably suffered from his being so long away m m . m om fro it There had been any re ovals fr the parish,

off attendance at services had fallen , finances were con

siderabl r y in arrears, and the futu e looked dark. The accu mulation of problems clamoring fo r immediate solution was so staggering that he recorded in Septem ber that it m m had been the hardest onth of his life entally . But he had returned to his post with physical and nervous health m m mi uch i proved, and with a nd greatly enriched by stores that could be amply drawn upon ; while within two months his new habit of us1ng his voice had become estab

lished and his throat had ceased to give him trouble . He therefore attacked his problems with vigor and pursued

m m t . the with unre itting faithfulness, li tle sparing himself

m m a Landing fro the stea er at d ybreak, he preached at

a eleven . By assiduous visitation he rounded up his sc ttered

’ his flock . He shared the past year s privileges with congre

gation in four months o f evening travel addresses . He did 55

missionary preaching in neighboring communities, and

- - threw himself into Sunday school work . Results were soon h d apparent . Attendance at c urch increased, the Sun ay h sc ool grew, the spirit of the congregation throve, the f o r n project a new church buildi g was revived, and in October it was voted to proceed and collect not less than f o r t the purpose . Of this the Sewing Socie y alone pledged In ensuing months he gave in Portland and other cities of the region many lectures based on his to experiences abroad, and devoted the proceeds the build

u h ing f nd . Wit in a few months the required amount had been raised . At the tenth anniversary of the dedication of 810 the chapel Mr . Eliot could report that he had preached m f 120 1 1 2 d 1 85 ser ons, o ficiated at funerals, wed ings, and m 1 52 m baptis s, had received me bers into the church , and 60 um conducted 1 services at the asyl , the jail , and the poor farm . The parish outside his congregation was rapidly growing among those who looked to him as in some sense their minister, and who sought his services at least for weddings, funerals , and various public occasions . Within a few m onths the happiness of this period was l sudden y clouded by the death after a brief illness of Mr .

’ Eliot s eldest daughter Mary, a beautiful and exception m of ally pro ising child nine, who died on Easter Sunday, 18 mm 78 . It was the only time in seventy years that his i e mm diate family circle was broken . The following su er, the better to ensure the health of the rem aining four chil

m air dren, the family spent in the dry and war of Hood m 18 . 75 River, which Mr Eliot had first co e to know in , 56 and which was now to be for fifty years a second and m u - o m of m ch l ved ho e, the centre any happy experiences “ r m m and che ished e ories . In the course of the sam e sum m er 22 r n w 1 o 02 . he built at 7 West Park St eet ( 5 S W. Park Avenue) the house which was his home f or the rest o f of his life . He occupied it at the end October . The corner- stone of the new church was laid with appro l m i on 2 1 f u 1878 . o pr ate cere on es J ly , In the course his address on this occasion Mr . Eliot said, Were I to suggest

m f o r i m are a na e this ed fice, as na es

’ ’ u of wo ld be Church Our Father . In these words I find

di m a by rect i plic tion all this building stands for . Church of Our Father m ay we spiritually baptize and name ” - i n the it to day . It was thus that the bu ldi g came to have m na e that it and its successor have borne . Construction of 45 u m the ch rch consu ed nearly a year . It was dedicated June 8 187 i m , 9 ; after wh ch delegates fro other Unitarian

u r m on ch ches, including all the Unitarian inisters then the

the Pacific Coast, held first Unitarian conference west of i the Missouri River . The build ng of the new church had naturally strained the resources of the congregation, and when the end of the year showed a considerable deficit for

r m m cu rent expenses, Mr . Eliot helped eet the e ergency f “ by surrendering $ 500 o his sal ary . The various activities of the church now went on at an accelerated pace and with increased confidence, and mis sionary work at other points was done as opportunity

ff a eflorts o ered . With l, Mr . Eliot did not relax his with i regard to social questions as yet unsolved . He kept call ng T he Chu rch o f Ou r Father abo ut 1 879

57 public attention to the disgraceful conditions existing in

a the county j il , and he continued to do so periodically for many years, until at length the public conscience was m aroused and the evil re edied . He also continued to press upon the conscience of citizens their duty to do something to check the steadily increasing vice of intemperance . As one step in this direction he himself in the autumn of this year bought from the holder the license to sell liquor at

’ one ff the Mechanics Fair, and thus stopped o ensive source m of te ptation . Relations with the other churches in the cityhad in recent m 187 years grown ore friendly ; but in 9, for whatever rea t e son, old antagonisms flamed up again, and h Unitarians were denied the participation in the union Thanksgiving services, which they had hitherto enjoyed . They therefore i held a serv ce by themselves, which was attended, by way of m m protest, by any fro other churches, and by the minister of the Congregational church , who assisted in the conduct of ’ t the service. Mr . Eliot s attitude was habi ually irenic, and his effort was wherever possible to discover and magnify points of agreement rather than to criticize points of differ n . O ence several occasions, therefore, throughout the years he was invited to exchange pulpits with the m inister of the Congregational church or to preach in the Jewish syna on m m m gogue . Later he and his son were welco ed as e bers

’ of the Congregational Ministers Association , and by invita tion he once addressed the Methodist Ministerial Associa

n. m 18 1 tio After the church was da aged by fire in 9 , gen erous offers of hospitality came from four of the neigh 58

boring churches, the synagogue, and the Marquam The m o f atre . The last arked display unfriendly spirit was in

1880 con , when the church held a Sunday evening harvest

an mm cert, which as innovation in the co unity attracted m uch notice . It was sharply criticized in a local religious l sheet as an essentially pagan service, but it was warm y defended by the editor o f the Methodist Cbrirtian Advo

’ cate . A year later a similar service was held by the critic s own church " Deeply in earnest as he was for promoting the m oral and civic welfare of the rapidly growmg city through the preventive, educative and reform agencies which any large mm co unity requires, Mr . Eliot found the public at large m to e rather i pervious his suggestions along these lin s, and m sluggish in acting upon the . His fertile mind therefore f tried another line o approach . Acting through the Chris

tian Union society in his church , he organized early in

1880 o f a series six social science lectures, open to the m m public at a no inal fee, atwhich co petent speakers should

u mu m ed cate the public, sti late interest, and old opinion

o f regarding topics social welfare . These lectures were held in the chapel , often before crowded houses, during eight seasons beginning with 1880 . Their subjects covered

topics in ethnology, jurisprudence, politics and govern m m ent, the Australian ballot, civil service refor , eco

h m e intem er o i s, popular science, public health, poverty, p mm ance, the insane, child welfare, education, co erce and m art . Though his directing hand did not appear, any of

“ these were subjects in which Mr. Eliot was deeply inter

59

ested . , and which were chosen by him for treatment These lectures and the publicity given them had great influence in arousing and informing the public mind and in preparing the way for various movements for civic betterment ; and not a few of the steps toward social progress taken in Oregon in the next twenty years can be traced directly to m the as their source . m In the earlier days Mr . Eliot so etimes went on brief i m m hunt ng trips, and later on he got uch pleasure fro en fishing in the Hood River and its tributaries . He also m 1 8 8 joyed rough ca ping trips . In 7 he made an ascent of

m 1881 . Mount Ada s, and in he joined his friend, Mr Louis m ’ Henderson, in a emorable six weeks botanizing trip ex n m tendi g fro Portland to Yaquina Bay, and thence to the 1880 three Sisters, Warm Springs andTheDalles . InAugust, , a two he was one of party of twelve, including his younger m brothers, Christopher and Edward, who had co e out from

’ St . Louis for a summer s visit, as well as Mr . Henderson,

Mr. E . L . Smith, Mr . Newton Clark and others, who set out from Hood River in search of a beautiful lake which was known to lie near the base of Mount Hood, but which em ’ no whit an had ever visited . After two days wandering

m -fire search they suddenly came upon it, and at the ca p 2 1 m that evening (August ) Mr . Eliot proposed the na e 47 that it has since borne, Lost Lake . It was probably he that

’ gave their nam es to Cooper s Spur and Coe Glacier on the m certaml one ountain itself, and he was y the that gave its name ‘to Newton Clark Glacier in a form al cerem ony on

on 8 the , mountain August , He himself is com 60

” h his m em o rated in t e name of Eliot Glacier . Early in Oregon life he was invited by the owners of the Oregon m two m m Steam Navigation Co pany, of who were me bers o f to his congregation, make a tour of their lines and sug gest nam es to be applied to m any of the natural features m m along the Colu bia, as yet unna ed . Those that have known his fine poetic imagination and his aptness in the choice o f nam es must regret that on account of the pres of not i sure his work he did feel able to accept the nvitation .

a 1880 The ye r saw prosperity in the church . Attend

rv ance at se ices, the outside parish, and subscriptions

were all increasing . Outside afternoon services were held

m ul ore reg arly than ever . Missionary spirit found expres sion in the establishing of a Sunday-school in South Port in land, with afternoon sessions, a district in which there m ’ m were any children in the Children s Ho e and elsewhere, to no which other church had ever given attention . A

' was dedicated on 1881 chapel here Porter Street in April , , and the Sunday- school existed for ten years until Septem 18 0 m ber, 9 , when it was erged with the parent school ;

’ for m m for the scholars fro the Children s Ho e, whose no m m sake the school had in s all easure been established , had all been abitrarily withdrawn by the management and o f placed in the school another denomination .

’ - in es Once again Mr . Eliot s ever multiplied and always c 1882 sant labors began to tell upon his health ; and in May, , his physical condition compelled him for the fourth time to ask to be relieved of duty indefinitely from the first of ff July, though he o ered gratuitous service once a Sunday

61

t m . hrough Septe ber His request was granted , and with his

family he again sought recuperation in the East, leaving the church to be cared for until the following Easter by

the Rev . Charles Noyes of Massachusetts . Though absent

m . fro his regular post of duty, it was not in Mr Eliot to e sp nd his time in idleness . He attended the National Unitarian Conference at Saratoga in September and m ade ” ”5° an address on Our Cause on the Pacific Coast . He visited the Meriden Reform School in Connecticut in order to get

the latest light on the m anagement of such institutio ns . He paid a visit to Hampton Institute to learn the m ost m approved ethods of Indian education . He made observa tions in Washington, Cincinnati and St . Louis, everywhere keeping eyes and ears open for anything that might be t urned to account in Oregon ; and then, better than ever m girded for his work, as well as rested fro his overwork, he returned in the spring of 1883 to attack problem s with enlarged knowledge and fresh vigor. E I" CHAPT R .

LATER MINISTRY : ORGANI"ATION SOCIAL AGENCIES

1882- 1890

1 2 ’ With 88 Mr . Eliot s long and various efforts f or phil thro ic fl p causes, reinforced by the in uence of the social m . l science lectures, began to yield per anent results As ear y as 1873 he had been active in the form ation and support

f or the of a Society Prevention of Cruelty to Animals . It

- m was short lived and soon became dor ant, although it

’ m i m now a ntained a odest existence for two years . It was

Hu d , reorganized and incorporated as the Oregon m Mr ane Society . . Eliot was chosen the first president, and he held this office f or twenty- three years until his res1gna

1 0 f o r tion in 9 5 . The need such an organization was at first n f r o t or o . very widely keenly felt, and years Mr Eliot had to carry a large part o f the burden o f it on his own shoul m m ders, stirring up the interest of lukewar me bers of the

Board, and taking pains to see that there was always a m ff quorum present at eetings . But by persistent e ort he secured legislation in support of the cause, and a special police officer was detailed as Humane Agent . Interest among the school children was stimulated by the offer of

fo r on i n m hu prizes the best essays k nd ess to ani als, and

63

t mane literature was widely circulated , until at leng h the ml work of the Society was fir y established, and there was e m m a p r anent rescue ho e for animals . In all this work

o - Mr . Eliot had of course the loyal and faithful c operation s of a few others interested, who contributed to the upport of the Society in its earlier stages , and gave their personal m assistance in its practical easures . Of these Mr . W . T .

m . Shanahan, long the secretary, deserves especial ention

Throughout this decade and later Mr . Eliot in his public or s sermons addres es, and in communications to the news m papers, returned agam and again to the atter of corrup tion in politics, especially in the city government, and to the duty of good citizens to unite in support of honesty and efli ien sa c cy. This corruption was closely related to the loons and their patrons, in practical control of the organ ization of both parties ; an d when in 1883 the liquor Of o interests the city, relying up n this control , grew ar ro ant g and refused to pay license fees, he preached vigor ousl m ff y against the , and took an active part in the e ort 51 to secure appropriate action in the political conventions . ff When this e ort failed , he gave his active support to an 52 r be independent ticket, and when the Prohibition pa ty came a factor in national politics, he did not hesitate to ally himself with it . His interest in this cause never lan uished c g and his advoca y of it never ceased, even after the adoption of national legislation on the subject . He also renewed and increased his activity on behalf ff m m ’ f of su rage for wo en . When a local Wo an s Su frage Association was organized as early as 1869 he became a 64

m m v1s1t o f e ber of it ; and the Miss Susan B . Anthony to 1871 Portland in , when she was his guest, deepened and confirmed his conviction o f the justice of the dem and for f of m equal su frage . He thus preached a series ser ons on

o f m m mm the sphere wo an in the ho e, co unity, and State, and he remained identified with the movement until the

won cause was . His interest in this cause was pointedly

” ’ shown in 1883 in a sermon on Women s Political E nf ran ”5 chisement be o f , which regarded as one the best utter ances he had ever given, and which his father called the

on finest the subject that he had ever seen . m Increasing e phasis was thus laid, as his influence in

u m the community grew, pon oral , social and political ques m tions, not only those already entioned, but also those of m m in ga bling, lotteries, divorce, and the treat ent of the sane . He recognized that one way o f striking at the root of social evils was through the education of the very young. Thus he early appreciated the possibilities and importance h of the kindergarten, which had reac ed a high stage of m 1884 develop ent in his native city of St. Louis . In he

m v1 d m te . therefore Mrs Sarah B . Cooper, who had pro oted n the kindergarten in San Fra cisco, to speak on that subject in one of the social science lectures . The consequence was that in the autumn o f the same year the Portland Free

Kindergarten Association was founded , and opened its

fo r . schools needy and neglected children . While Mr Eliot m m m had stimulated this ove ent, he was glad not to assu e official responsibilities for it ; but he steadily supported

66

55 institution as representing a better type . With the ground

thus prepared, Mr . Eliot called into consultation the Rev .

. . . . . 1885 A L Lindsley and Mr H W Scott in April , , and the ’ three called a citizens meeting f o r July 3 to consider m m . of om organization Mr . Eliot was ade chair an the c mittee appointed at this meeting, and a week later he was

a f or o - re dy with a draft a constituti n and by laws . These were adopted and an organization effected providing not f or for m an institution but a receiving ho e . With the back ing of t he Christian Union and the Ministerial Association

o the necessary legislati n was procured, and the movement m for which Mr . Eliot had labored al ost alone for fourteen ’ on beneficent years was launched its course, as the Boys

’ and Girls Aid Society of Oregon . Though he had been so influential in the formation of n f . ot the Society, Mr Eliot chose to be an o ficer of it at the m start, though he was later Trustee and chair an of m 1 02 1 1 1 the Executive Committee fro 9 until 9 , when he resigned to devote all his strength to Reed College . He was then form ally thanked for the immense amount of m good he had done, and was ade Honorary Trustee for o life . Even when n t a Trustee he was often present at m eetings by request, active in discussions, and valued for

m a m in his counsel . His influence y be presu ed to have 188 o f spired the bequest in 9 from his parishioner, m 18 6 m a o f Miss Ella M . S ith, and in 9 he was chair n the

r ff of canvassing committee fo a building . In the a airs the Society he was most fortunate in having the co- operation of

m . m . devoted helpers, a ong who Mr Ira F Powers, Judge enrietta Robins E liot 1 88 H , 3

68 it was found that a church building had been extemporized r m overnight . In the wa ehouse of the cannery the e ployes had built one complete with four walls (with openings for left doors and windows) pews and pulpit, all con structed by piling up salm on cases ; and a congregation of “ fo r m over sixty had gathered worship in this novel te ple . i him A congen al duty fell to at this period , and one that o f recognized his fine taste in questions art, when he was appo inted one of a committee of five to erect a public ” fountain under the bequest of Mr . Stephen G . Skidmore . u m In this same year Mr . Eliot was nani ously chosen by the Directors o f the American Unitarian Association to under

an o mce s t take of critical importance in a delicate i uation,

’ as Western Secretary in charge of the Association s mis i n r s o a y work in the Western States . This summons to m responsible administrative duty ca e unsought, and even without previous intimation, and was a token of the very nfi n “0 n t o fice co de ce . o highest He did , however, accept the , d it is extremely doubtful whether in any circumstances m m he could have been te pted at this ti e ,to leave his field of influence in Portland . His father had early given him ” not the wise counsel , Do change, stick to your post, and m m ” let your influence beco e cu ulative . The superlative wisdom o f this counsel was abundantly vindicated by the

’ n results o f his nearly seventy years ministry in o e place .

’ r Mr . Eliot s ea ly and sustained interest in the conduct o f jails and prisons has been more than once referred to . For m any years he appeared to be the only person in Oregon showing any active interest in the reform o f its penal insti 69

tutions or raising his voice on the subject . In sermons reported in the newspapers he repeatedly called attention

to the disgraceful condition of the county jail . Its miserable

- - quarters, partly underground , ill lighted and ill ventilated , were crowded to thrice their capacity with young and old, convicted criminals, persons awaiting trial , and witnesses , m all huddled together in idleness and breeding cri e . As early as 1875 he addressed to the County Court a m emorial A his on the subject . fter long years persistent agitation 188 began to bear fruit ; and in 9, at the request of the

Grand Jury, he prepared a report and recommendations on the subject, which they incorporated into their own 62 report to the Court . After the National Prison Association recommended to churches to observe an annual Prison

Sunday, he made this an occasion for a yearly prison ser “ m on m , and whenever he was at Sale he was sure to pay a visit to the State penitentiary, as well as to other state

institutions, as an intelligent and helpful observer, ever m m watchful to discover and suggest i prove ents, or to m t . h re edy abuses It was t us that, working hrough the

Christian Union, he brought about the gift of a library at m the penitentiary, which the State later adopted and ain ined ta . m Mr . Eliot was one of the first and ost active in pro mo tin g charity organization in Portland , and as a result m 1 the City Board of Charities was for ed in 888. He was

188 - 18 5 one of its incorporators in 9, Vice President in 9 ,

,

and a Director for ten years . He also early came to realize the need of an agency to serve social workers and their 70 sympathizers 1n the State at large as a clearing-house of

o f m u m wl ideas, and as a source utual enco rage ent, as el as to draw public attention to their work and stir up interest 88 . 1 r in it In June, 9, therefo e, the Oregon State Conference of Charities and Correction was organized at his own m t o f on ho e . A little later the Ci y Board Charities, his m m otion, invited the National Conference, about to eet Franc1sco m in San , to hold an adjourned eeting at Port ' m land . This was accordingly done in Septe ber, and the meetings proved a source o f great inspiration to enlight ened social work . The State Conference meanwhile lay dorm ant for two years ; but in 1 901 it became active and held its first public

’ m o f . eeting in the chapel Dr Eliot s church, and it held meetings each year as long as he was President . These annual conferences proved o f great value in promoting ” ff u f or their declared objects, to a ord opport nity confer o f m ence those engaged in charitable and refor work, as to m to ff m ethods, principles and results di use infor ation and encourage co - operation and improvement in Charities ”64 and Correction in Oregon . The Conference was largely

f o r m n o f h - responsible the enact e t c ild labor legislation, and for improvement in laws relating to the insane . Dr .

- o f 1 02 1 12 . Eliot was President it 9 9 , and Dr Stephen

m . 8. . Wise, Mr Tho as N Strong and others ably assisted

o f b - in its work . One its y products was the Oregon Pris ’ in oners Aid Society . Such a society had been discussed the in 1 00 Christian Union 9 , and it was at length organ

z in-t he rehabili i ed in 1903 . Dr . Eliot was deeply interested

72

r he its actual wo kings, and on his return he espoused t o r two l s cause . One social science ectures on the ubject m were arranged and attracted uch attention, and a sample voting booth was set up in the chapel fo r visual illustra tion . He secured the able assistance of Mr . E . W. Bingham , and an Au stralian ballot bill was prepared that very season . When it was before the Legislature he effectively sup r ported it, opposing the straight pa ty vote which would 1 m 18 . have uch weakened it, and it was enacted in 9 He strongly believed in the people having as far as possible d ff irect participation in public a airs, and he constantly advocated the initiative and referendum and the direct im pr ary law for senators . He believed that on the whole these measures had well vindicated themselves in practice .

now m m m Mr . Eliot had by beco e far ore than a ere

r denominational o local figure . His notable work through m any years as a public citizen had been observed from

o f 188 the other side the continent, and in 9 there was bestowed upon him what was the crowning honor of his mm m on 26 o f life . At Co ence ent June that year Harvard University conferred upon him the honorary degree of

Doctor o f Sacred Theology (S . T . and as he could no t to o well be present receive it in pers n , the additional and very unusual honor was shown of conferring it in “ bse for a ntia. This was notable being a recognition from

afar of a life of service largely local in scope . D r li . E ot and his Mo ther about 1 890

T be o rtrait o n tbe wall is tbat o T bos D awes r ( p f . , S . , fro m a Stuart painting)

74

pages, giving unwearied attention to organizing the forces of the city and the State in various agencies of public wel fare, often nursing these with watchful care through the period of their infancy until they had won a sufficient m easure of public interest and support to go on alone . As

al soon as this point had been reached, he habitu ly with drew from office or other activity and devoted himself to

Irresistible as the calls to this m anifold service will have m him see ed to , they were answered only at the cost of increased drains upon his lim ited reserves o f strength of

o at both body and nerv us force, and a certain sacrifice of m what he always regarded as his prim ary duties . His any l him outside responsibilities were tel ing upon . Ever busier, he was often forced to revise and preach an old sermon rather than prepare a fresh one . Attendance at Sunday

fluc school , the Sunday worship, and the church societies tuated m e m greatly, and any were his r corded oods of de or m pression discourage ent .

o n m As the years wore , two convictions ust gradually

him : indefi have grown clear in first, that he could not nitel the n y keep up pace he was followi g ; and second, that if he must reduce o r relinquish any of his work it should be the work o f the church rather than that of his no broader public service . This was t because he regarded con his church work as o f the lesser consequence . On the trar m y, it ust be borne in mind that his labors for social

o r m m i m welfare refor , i portant as they m ght be in the him i selves, were never undertaken by save as subord nate 75

and incidental to his duties as parish minister . I am m jealous, he said, of the ti e I have to give to other than ” a d church tasks . But his duties as minister were definite n

exacting, and could not be left to wait upon convenient

time or strength, while his outside work was volunteer

service, and could be adjusted to his own ability to perform m it . Moreover, while another minister ight perhaps be

found to take over his work in the church , another could

hardly be found who could, except after long years, com mand the confidence and exercise the leadership in the broader affairs of the community that had gradually r acc ued to him during two decades . 18 0 At the annual meeting of the church in 9 , therefore,

he informed his people of his wish for an assistant, with m m a view to his ulti ate retirement fro the pastorate . His was request granted , and after the summer vacation he l was assisted in his church duties by the Rev. Ear M .

Wilbur as Associate Minister. At the annual meeting in

18 -five January, 93, as he had completed a term of twenty

years, and was satisfied that the church could now go on resi successfully without his hand at the helm, his final g f nation rom the pastorate, which had been presented a

few weeks before, was accepted, and he was made Pastor

"uarter-century anniversaries had already been cele r 18 b ated. 0 . In 9 Dr. and Mrs Eliot held a reception on the t 400 occasion of heir silver wedding, when nearly of their friends called to congratulate them ; and at the end

8 2 -fifth of 1 9 , on the twenty anniversary of the dedication 76

f f ’ o o . m the chapel and Mr Eliot s first ser on in Portland, the church held an anniversary service, which was the occasion o f a great outpouring of cordial friendliness from the ministers of other churches in the city and from m any other friends near and far .

As had been heartily desired, both by the congregation f or and by his successor, Dr . Eliot continued several years to assist in the pulpit by preaching at frequent intervals ; m m though he was henceforth uch absent fro town, either o r on to at his Hood River place, journeys the East, or on his m any visits to widely scattered Indian reservations

o through ut the whole Northwest . His last regular service o f the congregation was during an interim in the pastorate

m u 18 8 to 18 on fro J ly, 9 , April, 99, when he insisted serv ing gratuitously that the church might become free of m m debt . He also did uch preaching at Sale , Eugene, Se

v . attle and other places, where his ser ices were required During these years he was slowly regaining his physical

m o f res on strength, gradually freeing hi self the church p

sibilities u to him that still cl ng , watching over the various to organizations that he had helped create, and finding

f or new opportunities public service . As he had now retired from active service in the min

istr m y, and henceforth prepared few new ser ons, this is

f . a suitable place to speak o Dr . Eliot as a preacher Con temporary reports frequently refer to his refined and pol ished literary style (evidently noted in contrast to the ruder m mm mm colloquialis co on in frontier co unities), his pleas m m m ing intonations, scholarly ind , and poetic te pera ent ;

78

m of preached fro a text Scripture, but he was likely to find in it some meaning o r implication that the average not reader would have noted, which gave freshness to his m treat ent . In the pulpit his voice was pleasing, and his m anner, though obviously sincere, was ordinarily quiet, and m his delivery cal and unimpassioned . Yet when his spirit was stirred he would rise on his tiptoes as if to give m additional e phasis, and upon occasion he would reach a degree of earnestness that was sometimes singularly im m Fo r pressive and oving . those that had personal acquaint him ff o f i ance with , the e ectiveness his preach ng was of course much increased by their knowledge of his character o f and the witness his work . His choice o f sermon them es covered a wide range o f a the teachings the Bible, the standard topics of Christi n

o f ex eri theology, the various phases personal religious p m of o f ence, the enig as life, the events current history, m en m m great , oral and social refor s, local political ques m tions, i portant books in the public eye . There was no m o f no of onotony subject, narrow groove interest, no tire m of or s c so e riding religious ocial hobbies, no prea hing

- m in well worn ruts . His ser ons were invariably grounded in his Own experience; and hence marked by that persua sive quality which comes o f personal conviction ; discourses

m an— addressed to the whole religious nature of thought, m m feeling, and will . They were arked by oral elevation,

broad scholarship, generous charity, and usually by an ele ex eri ment of personal appeal, and they kept close to the p ences m and needs of hu an life . 79

m i However secular his the e m ght at first seem, it was sure to be treated with clear regard to the religious or moral interests involved in it . Thus, to illustrate from m m if examples that the writer well re e bers, , the world " ’ i was talking of a new novel of ola s, he might br ng it into the pulpit, but never to review it as a literary critic, nor to summarize it in order to spare hearers the pains of di m rea ng it the selves . Passing quickly over the story, he would make use of it simply to bring forward a discussion of the moral issues involved, in their relation to the lives of his hearers in their own time and place . If the sensation of the week was the astounding developments o f the m condemna Dreyfus case, he did not content hi self with

oflicers m tion of iniquitous in the French ar y, but probed beneath the surface to point out that the symptom s of a disease infecting the Vitals of France must be guarded 70 against also in American life . If the growth of labor organizations presented new problems and aroused mis m m givings in so e inds, he began a sermon on Trade Unions and their place in history by stating his purpose "to bring the light of Gospel principles and of Christ’ s ‘ tObear m m spirit upon our relations to each other, as e bers

m an of a common brotherhood of . a desire to do

so - m justice to the called laboring man , and to for a dis passionate judgment Of his organized effort to better his ”71 condition . If a city election approached in which the selfish designs of othee-holders had been adroitly concealed

- t off behind the mask of high sounding policies, he ore the h s mask and s owed the is ues for what they really were, thus 80

72 on n putting voters their guard . It could o t he complained that in such sermons he carried politics into the pulpit ; but it was unmistakable that he wished to influence men

o f to carry the principles the Christian religion into politics . As to questions Of private or public m o rals — intemper

cc o f — , gambling, divorce ; and political reforms civil

ff e — service, the Australian ballot, equal su rag while his

m no o m tru pet gave uncertain s und, yet he treated the in

o f m a the light the or l principles involved , and in such a way that none could fairly charge him with fanaticism or 73 o f partisanship . At the end the year he would review its

inter re leading events, but these reviews were a spiritual p f u o f atio current history . In short, whenever he brought into his pulpit subjects with which others might have m tended to deal fro a purely secular point of view, he

u m wo ld invariably treat the as a prophet Of God, who had something to say on them other than would have been expected in a public lecture o r a newspaper editorial . For the work that heso conspicuously did in the broader service o f the community outside the particular field o f

u his ch rch , Mr . Eliot had, as we have seen, had exceptional

’ preparation in his four years ex perience as minister-at large and as assistant to his father in St . Louis ; and he

’ had his father s example as a pattern to follow when upon coming to Portland he was faced with the very diflicult but very enviable privilege o f leading in the organization Of so m any agencies fo r hum an betterment in a new

mm un h co ity . Moreover, he had a keen prop etic insight

82

m yet but one, even if often the chief one, of any worthy citi zens who first or last co -operated in the interest of the

higher life of his city and State . He showed great w1sdom in rousmg the interest and securing the co -operation of e m m oth rs, and he was te peramentally uch more glad to give generous credit to them than to claim or accept it for himself. CULT URAL AND EDUCATIONAL WORK

1892-1925

’ an m a Dr . Eliot s public life in Portl d y be roughly divided into three different though not wholly separate periods . In 1 867 1882 the first period, from his arrival in until about , m his activities were ainly in the field of religion , as he organized and developed his church and its subsidiary agencies . As has already been said, he always considered m this his ost important field of work, and it was the under i Of . lying insp ration all that he did In the second period, 1882 18 6 from to about 9 , his most conspicuous work was t in the varied field of organized philanthropy . In the hird m 18 6 1 25 n period, fro 9 to 9 , when he resig ed his last public

m u responsibility, his ost disting ished services lay in the m field of education broadly conceived . It re ains now to speak of this last period . In this his work along philan hr i t op c lines for some time continued without abatement . m his Indeed, his retire ent from the pastorate of church for some time meant for him not the enjoym ent of a well earned period of rest, but entrance upon even wider and l di r heavier responsibi ities . His a y at this time frequently

’ dies tradit diem quotes Horace s phrase , , day crowds upon da 4 y. The year 190 found him still serving as President 84

or holding some other responsible executive office in no i m r iv fewer than nine i po tant public enterprises, c ic, ph l h i t ro c . p , or educational But as the institutions he had helped to organize became m ore firmly established in pub i m lic nterest and public confidence, they de anded less and less of his fostering care ; and he now gradually withdrew m his c m fro a tivity in the , that he might concentrate on cu ltural and educational interests yet to be developed. o f t The first hese was the Portland Art Association . Dr. m Eliot had by natural endow ent fine aesthetic taste, which he had further cultivated by extensive travel and wide di m rea ng . It was thus natural that with the aterial and social foundations of Portland so well laid and provided for he should be drawn to fostering the fine arts in the

city he loved . He was one of the organizers of the Port land Art Association in 1888 and one of its incorporators

18 2 - in 9 ; and he served it as Trustee, Vice President or

-five m President for twenty years, until his retire ent in

1 1 m m o r ai m 9 7 . He was long e ber ch r an of the important mmi house and finance co ttees, and was very active in help ing raise the endowm ent of the Museum . He saw it begin in 1895 as a modest gallery of casts ( the gift of Senator

o r ui i H . W . C rbett) in the libra y b ld ng at Broadway and m Stark Street, then ten years later occupying a odest build

o f ing its own at Fifth and Taylor Streets, and he lived to see it worthily housed in its present building on Southwest

r m m Pa k Avenue . His personal interest in the e bers of the staff and his sympathetic understanding o f their problem s went far to encourage them and to lighten their burdens .

86

f or sion of its work as an agency popular education . As c s in the case of the Art Asso iation, so here, his con tant visits m ade him most sympathetic with the work of the ff for i sta and watchful their nterests, and he inspired their . m loyal service . He helped to fix and aintain high stand f o r mm i ards both institutions . In the years i ed ately follow

ing the opening of the Library to the public, branch libraries were opened in various parts of the city and county ; and when a new central library building, covering m a whole block, and e bodying the best results of library u 1 1 experience throughout the co ntry, was opened in 9 3, his m i labors were crowned with co plete success . In all th s service he had the enlightened co- operation o f such fellow

directors as Mr . W. B . Ayer, Mr. W. M . Ladd, Mr . Richard

M a h n . . . . acN u to . . . W Montague, Mr E B g , Mr R L Sabin

and Mr . W. L . Brewster. During these busy and fruitful years the Art and Library ’ o Associations were far from occupying all f Dr. Eliot s

time and thought . In a quiet way he interested himself deeply in matters of government . At the Legislature (where m ff his wisdo and character, and his disinterested e orts for m m easures of public welfare, carried uch weight) he used his powers o f persuasion with members in behalf of an improved registration law ( 1899) He labored likewise fo r the direct prim ary law fo r a child labor bill and for bills in behalf of juvenile offenders and of the feeble-minded while through the Prison

’ ers Aid Society ( 1900 - 1910) he strove to awaken public f r concern o discharged convicts . 87

m Dr . Eliot had for any years been interested in the cremation of the dead, and he therefore took an active m m 1 0 part in pro oting cre ation in Portland . In 90 he quietly agitated the subject among a few influential citi to T b Ore s . e zen , and met a ready response He contributed " gonian an interview containing Calm Reflections on the ” “ Subject of Urn-burial and he held a public meeting on

u the subject in the chapel of his church . As a res lt, the m m 1 01 Portland Cre atoriu was established in 9 . 1 00 m m In 9 the Mayor appointed Dr . Eliot a e ber of ’ mm Portland s first Board of Park Co issioners . At that period unspoiled natural scenery o f every description could still be found in such close proximity that the idea of m f o r m m spending oney parks see ed to any to be quixotic, and it would have been easy f or him to discharge his office m m in a erely perfunctory anner . But Dr . Eliot had a vision s of the Portland of future generations , and of the wi dom d necessity of making liberal provision for a great park em syst while provision was still possible . While in the m East the following year, therefore, he ade a special study m of the park syste s of several large cities, and sought an

w m - intervie with Ol stead Brothers, the well known land i scape arch tects . Upon his return he reported his findings, and urged the importance of having an expert survey of th o m m e . pr ble ade as the basis of future plans When, after considerable delay, funds were not found available for this purpose, he refused to be daunted , and personally undertook to raise by private subscription the sum of by which Olm stead Brothers were employed to 88 m 75 ake the proper survey . Under the new city charter he was appointed in 1903 to the new Park Board for four years, and served until his departure for Europe in Throughout this decade in which he was supposed to be

’ living the life o f o ne who had done his life s work and m ’ retired fro his profession, Dr . Eliot s diary records a

out o f e constant succession, year in and year , att ndance at board o r committee meetings and o f consultations with

u m m m - m individ al e bers . Finding hi self well nigh swa ped by the details o f a life more crowded with serious respon sibilities to m fo r than ever before, he was driven for ulate m him hi self a guiding principle, which henceforth faced on his desk with an admonition that many others have since adopted fo r their own guidance Learn tbe diflicult lesson tbat eacb day ofiers more tbin s tban one can do Tbere ore to se arate rinci al and g . f p p p sub d t i e or ina e dut es, and m etbodize wbat must be don .

Sacri ce non-essentials and economize orce o beart bead fi , f f , b and and.

Moreover, while the fact was scarcely betrayed even to

own m his fa ily, and was quite unrealized by those outside m ff m it, he was al ost a chronic su erer fro various physical

m o r ail ents . These were doubtless aggravated partly occa sioned by concern f o r the success of the philanthropies in

nx f o r which he was engaged , and by a ieties his church , which had somewhat weakened since his retirement from m m its service . In fact, al ost the only ti es in which he enjoyed respite from conscious ills o f body or mind were on the frequent occasions when he would steal away for a

89 few days to his retreat amid the peace and quiet of his r place at Hood River . The brown hills surrounding it e him o f minded Greece around Athens, and the beauty of him m its surroundings was sure to bring refresh ent . He ” Shushula noted in his diary, One hour at is worth twenty four anywhere else . A happy interlude in this strenuous period was fur nished by an invitation from the American Unitarian Asso ciation to go to Japan as its representative in order to investigate and report on its mission work which had for m a generation been carried on there . He was absent fro m h Portland eleven weeks, fro early in Marc until late in 1 0 m m May, 9 3 , sailing fro San Francisco on the aiden ” h " t t e . voyage of the Siberia, and re urning by Coptic

He spent six interesting weeks in Japan , where he visited m Tokyo , Kobe, Osaka and Kyoto , interviewed the ission m m workers and addressed their eetings, and for ed valued l friendships with Genera and Mrs . W . W . Blackmar, m Ad iral and Mrs . Robley D . Evans, and Colonel and Mrs .

O . E . Wood . It was to him an exhilarating experience, reviving his memories of his visit to Greece a quarter of ” m to him a century before, and it see ed like striking Greek

mi - civilization in its d career . During the year after his return he m ade m any addresses and wrote sundry articles 77 on Japan and his experiences there .

’ t receiv On Dr . Eliot s re urn voyage he was saddened by o f of ing at Honolulu word the death his dear friend ,

' o f his wo rk f o r Mrs . Rosa F . Burrell , lifelong supporter " T o m church and philanthropy . In her will was a bequest y 90

ff pastor, Rev. T . L . Eliot, to assist him in his e orts to m t ake the world better, but without any restric ion what in ever its use, knowing full well that this bequest will be fo r m wisely used the benefit of all ankind . on whose judgment (the executors) m ay rely with the most absolute o f am confidence . In the settlement the estate the ount received from the bequest was reduced to about The principal has been kept intact and the incom e accu f f o r a ately accounted , and during nearly generation it has

’ been wisely used in accordance with Mrs . Burrell s purpose m o f m in nu berless instances the ost varied sort, which could hardly have been provided f or through the ordinary channels . Various happy episodes lightened the burdens of these m n f 1 04 inter ediate years . At the begi ning o 9 he enjoyed

’ a two weeks voyage to the Alaskan coast as the guest of n mm . o his parishioner, Co ander Carl G Calkins, the light " " m house tender Manzanita . He found uch interest in the " ” m m o f " onthly eetings what he called the Club, in which a small group o f gentlemen o f high intelligence ' met to discuss one another s papers o n the most varied 79 m But e m o f 1 04 the es . in the arly su mer 9 all other satis factions were dwarfed by the Reed bequest, providing munificently fo r an institution of higher learning in

Portland . m influ Mr . and Mrs . Si eon G . Reed had been early and l entia h . residents of Portland, w ere Mr Reed had been an important figure in the development o f river and rail trans

- ortation m o f m . p syste s, and ining and stock breeding They

92 he again expressed the hope that provision would be made fo r some noble and wise philanthropies or services of

m o f your ti e and country, especially the city and people

m m ou a ong who y live . This is as far as extant records carry us ; but warm friendship continued, and Dr . Eliot visited at the Reed

a m residence in Pasaden several ti es, both before and after

’

. u to Mr Reed s death , and was undoubtedly cons lted as the design which had gradu ally taken shape in their minds . 1 4 m . 0 When Mrs Reed died in 9 , so e nine years after her husband, it was found that she had in her will provided ” for establishing an institution of learning having fo r its object the increase and diffusion of practical knowledge among the citizens o f Portland to be named and ” 81 f or known as the Reed Institute, and had left it the m unificent bequest o f the finest benefaction that Oregon had ever received . With his characteristic to modesty Dr . Eliot was always reticent as his relation to

u for this great res lt, and never claimed any credit bringing it about ; but there can be no doubt that it was directly to due his original suggestion, followed up by his con i i m t nued . nspirations and counsels He was, by the ter s

’ o f m m m Mrs . Reed s will , the first one na ed as a e ber of to m the Board that was ad inister her trust, and when it b m was organized e naturally beca e its President . m m on m Fro this ti e Dr . Eliot gradually withdrew ore and more from activity in the other fields that had o ccu him o f pied hitherto, while the interests Reed College became the main concern absorbing the remaining years

94

le1surel m mo a y onth or re in Italy, they sailed from Naples m for Boston, and in Nove ber were again in Portland.

’ With the litigation over Mrs . Reed s will settled, the way was now open to m ature plans for the development of

the new college . These were very carefully studied , and were decided upon by the Trustees only after careful delib cration and under guidance of the most expert advice to r be had in the count y . The General Education Board of

New York was taken into counsel, and its Secretary, Dr . t Wallace Bu trick, after a careful survey, pronounced Port land the most strategic place in the country still without a

1 college . After the pree se nature of the institution and of the work it aimed to do were determined, it was necessary to r find a suitable head to direct its activities, a satisfacto y site had to be chosen and appropriate buildings decided m upon , and a faculty ust be selected . Thus it was the autumn o f 191 1 before Reed College was prepared to open its doors to students . It was a fortunate thing in these critical and formative m s years that while the other embers of , the Board of Tru tees were burdene d with heavy business o r professional wn m o . responsibilities of their , Dr Eliot, in retire ent from of the active practice his profession , was in a position to devote to the interests of the College a very large share m of his ti e and thought, though he still continued active in the aff airs of philanthropic organizations previously

mentioned , especially in those of the Art and Library him Associations . Every day but Sunday would find at the office of the College in consultation over problems as they hom as amb liot 1 08 T L E , 9

96

during the first ten years . An increase of endowment was

m eflicientl urgently needed to enable it to perfor its work y, f and great di ficulty was experienced in raising it . Carping m m criticis s were ade in the press and elsewhere, and all was aggravated by the highly emotional psychology o f war

m a ti e . At length change of administration became neces hi sary . All t s bore with crushing weight upon the shoulders

o f . as o f now Dr Eliot President the Board, far on in his m seventies . His health, always ore or less precarious, f ’ showed alarming signs o giving way . He felt thatSt . Paul s ” situation was also his : Troubled on every side ; without ” fih in s t . were g g , within were fears Near to discourage m ent, he questioned whether he too should not resign his ffi f e o ce as the President o the Collegehad done . He need d all his resources of faith and doggedness to sustain him .

Miserere mei D o mine h r But the , with w ich his dia y was again and again punctuated was 1nvar1ably followed by a

Sursum corda , and he would shoulder his burdens again, while few ever knew that he had been oppressed by them the o f 1 1 now at all . At end 9 9, feeling that the worst was

over, he reviewed the past in the anguished words of Heine

’ Anfangs wollt ich f ast verzagen

’ ’ Und ich laubt ich ra es nie g t g ,

’ Und ich hab es och e ra en d g t g , wi Aber f ragt mich nur nicht e .

to i him n Dr . Eliot had found it hard br ng self to resig his duties as Trustee so long as he was able to perform them ; but under his guidance the administration was t e enrietta R lio t 1 1 1 H . E , 9

P E "II CHA T R . THE CLOSING YEARS

1925- 1936

mm 1 2 snfler m t At midsu er of 9 3 Dr. Eliot began to al os continuously from what was diagnosed as arthritis of the i nl s him h lower spine, wh ch had sudde y eized w ile at his

- - “ cottage at Neah kah nie on the Oregon coast . After enduring excruciating pam in the thigh for over a fort i n ght he was brought back to Portland, where recovery was so slow that it was m any months before he could did leave the house . Friends were unceasingly kind, and everything in their power to relieve the tedium of existence for him ; but he was forced to realize that his days of active

usefulness were over. He had for some years ceased to m the i preach , and he increasingly shrank fro stra n involved

in committing himself to any public appearance . But when 1 1 o f the in 93 he was urged, at the age ninety, to make

r u o f baccalaureate add ess at Reed College, the pers asions his friends combined with the motion of his own heart m to . overco e his misgivings He consented , and gave a

m ff him cl me orable utterance ; but the e ort cost early, and " ” m n d fo r o t o . he said, I ust it again He had, however, a m of m m nu ber years been accusto ed, when the Spirit oved, to m ake an intim ate and more or less impromptu address at the quarterly comm union service or the Good Friday hom as amb liot 1 2 T L E , 9 3

100

o to 1 2 It was a severe sh ck him in November, 93 , when his wife at eighty-seven was run over by an automobile

before his very eyes, narrowly escaped being killed, and was left with a seriously fractured leg . Early the following May the little family went f o r their customary month at m Hood River, where the ti e passed quietly between short walks, drives through the valley, visits with friends, and

’ o f the reading favorite authors, especially Dante s Para d iso, which he finished to the thirtieth canto . In June his brother Christopher came out from Massachusetts for a brief visit . Only a few days later the silver cord began to ff be loosed . On the afternoon of June 8 he su ered two s m light attacks of thro bosis, and late in the evening a m n o e him . ore severe , which left helpless As soon as pos m m sible he was re oved to his Portland ho e, where der tender and skillful care he recovered a measure of strength . But though his life was prolonged for nearly three years more o f weakness (during which p erception was f re or quently dulled blurred), long dreaded but borne with saintly patience, his strength slowly ebbed away and his m m m 26 1 36 spirit beca e ore closely i prisoned until April , 9 , m when it ade its escape, and he peacefully entered the rest f or which he had so long prayed .

T wo days later a farewell service was held at the church, with all his seven living children present . His ashes were m r interred in Riverview Ce ete y . The baccalaureate service at Reed College a few weeks later was made a memorial f m not o . Dr . Eliot The ain building of the College had f long before been given the name o Eliot Hall . T he hu rch o f Ou r ather bu ilt in 1 24 C F , 9

102 children ’ s needs were often anticipated and their happi

‘ f or the ness planned , before these had been thought of by m m children the selves . An at osphere of afl ectionate har m ’ ony prevailed which was noted by any guest . The writer s first account of the home was from one who had lately been a guest in it, and had returned to the East declaring that he had never before seen so lovely a family home ; and o f m that the spirit religion , though never obtruded, see ed to pervade it throughout, and things pertaining to religion e o f m were spok n quite freely and naturally, as a nor al m o f ele ent daily life . The focus of the family life was the daily morning prayers . When breakfast was finished, chairs would be

’ drawn back from the table and Bibles passed around . A selected book of the New Testament would be read in one m m m d course, or of the Psal s, each e ber rea ing a verse one m twice round the circle . Then of the nu ber would be 87 to m a asked choose a hy n , and a st nza or two would be

m . sung. After this the fa ily would kneel while Dr Eliot ff s o ered a brief prayer, a simple, incere voicing of the m otions of the heart in view of the experiences or needs m m f . o the day . Absent ones were re e bered There was no

of m suggestion conventional for or stilted phrase, though collects o r phrases from the Book of Common Prayer were " m m m m so eti es used, ost often the petition, O God, ake ” our or for clean hearts within us, that those who are ”

ff o r . any ways a licted or distressed in mind , body, estate m But few frag ents of these prayers have been preserved, jotted down by some one of the children from memory

104

n o f m d su set, the loveliness the full oonlight, the gran eur o f m u m m the o ntains, the ajesty of the sea, the sole nity of

the forests, the sweetness of the flowers, as experiences

u i m m he wo ld fain reta n in e ory . In such aspects as these he would find a healing and calming touch that brought peace to an often troubled mind and stilled the im patience o f too T o him a eager spirit . the heavens declared the glory o f Go d , and he never tired of watching the stars in their

u r o f co ses and noting the changing positions Orion, Cas

sio eia p , the Scorpion, and other favorite constellations . " 1 21 3 t m l u The Psal , I will ift up mine eyes nto the hills,

was a favorite of his .

D r i : m . Eliot was blessed with eight ch ldren Willia m Greenleaf, Mary Ely, Dorothea Dix, Ellen S ith, Grace

r m and m . C anch , Henrietta Mack, Sa uel Ely, Tho as Dawes All ou tlived him save Mary who died in her

r tenth yea . He watched their progress with pride as they came to fill honorable stations in life : William as his suc cessor ( after three intervening pastorates) in the Portland

u on ch rch , carrying the traditions and ideals Of his father and grandfather in the varied work o f the Christian min istr m one o f y; Sa uel , the early Rhodes scholars , devoting his life to social service am ong the poor o f Pittsburgh ;

m u Tho as, f ll Professor Of Sociologyat Northwestern Uni versity at the early age o f 35 ; each o f these three thus

’ espousing o ne o f the three m ajor lines o f their father s and

’ r no m him g andfather s work, though by eans restricting

to o self it al ne ; and the four daughters, each adorning her to own place in family and social life . He lived also see

106

o dicals or newspapers, and of various short stories and two juvenile books . All these went to replenish the family m exchequer . Outside the ho e she was indefatigable in her visits in the parish and in her service in the church organizations ; and in the earlydays of the Portland church her beautiful soprano voice was heard on Sundays in the r choi . Year after year she taught a class in the Sunday o f school , and she was the inspiring leader a large adult f m class o wo en until she was well on in the eighties . She

’ shared her husband s anxieties, and if ever his courage faltered she was ready to cheer him . Her unwavering faith and pride in him were his constant support . The closing o f years his slowly ebbing life, when she was herself par tiall y crippled by accident and her eyesight was fading, were tragedy itself ; but she m et it with a heroism that was

t aw m an inspiration o all that s her . Along with the ro antic m m to . love that existed between the fro youth age, Dr Eliot to m i ni was wont re a n always the chivalrous k ght, and to

he r - treat with the dignity of old fashioned courtesy . An accepted symbol o f this was Often shown when he would m m lay by her plate at table a yrtle blosso , which had a m f or m secret eaning the . mm During the su er season, even after the family had become scattered those that remained would gather on " 1n Sunday evenings the twilight and have a family sing, at which one hymn would be chosen by or for each of the children , including little Mamie, whose grave in Lone Fir m “ Ce etery was always visited with flowers on Easter, and Often at other times was lovingly decorated with whatever Henrietta Robins Eliot about 1 89 5

108

C . next hristmas , and thus one year was linked to another m The ritual was unvaried fro year to year, and was always a prolonged one ; and it was good to remember for the rest ’ of one s life .

w allibl m m Birthdays and anniversaries ere inf y re e bered, m m and if children were away fro ho e, or had established m m was to ho es of their own, a letter fro Portland sure m find the out . In later years the letter unfailingly inclosed

’ fo r m m a check re e brance . Dr . Eliot s letters were brief, m m two seldo ore than a page or long, and often hastily done in pencil ; but in them he m anaged to condense an m of m ff extraordinary a ount incident, wisdo and a ection, m m ’ together with so e little vignette fro the day s life, an m r o . aptly cited aphoris , a classical reference Thus as in few families the channels were kept always open with the ff m m di erent e bers, as also with his brothers and sister, and even with members o f his church when they or he n were away o journeys . Every stage and phase of his chil

’ ’ dren s and grandchildren s life he followed with earnest o r m solicitude honest pride, as the case ight be, always to m ready advise, caution, or praise, and if e ergency arose,

to assist . o f He was very fond children, and it was his habit when at the beach to carry a package o f candy in his pocket to

to m m . give any he ight eet He was a good neighbor, and f f o r m o . he had good neighbors, any years the family Dr

on one C . C . Strong the side and that of Sylvester Farrell mm m on the other . At Hood River, where the su er ho e to was, he took pains cultivate friendly relations with 109

s tho e that lived near him, and with the townspeople ; and instead of acting like an indifferent sojourner he showed m fine civic spirit, and tried to bear his share in any ove

was ment for public welfare . He tolerant, patient and m sy pathetic with odd people, cranks, fanatics and waifs, and ready with a helping hand and an encour m for the victims of unfortunate habit . His ho e was one of generous hospitality to strangers, and guests were always m welco e in the parlor, or at table to whatever the larder r happened to provide . Many th ough the years were those m m who, coming as strangers fro their distant ho es, found under this friendly roof a culture and refinement like that which they had left behind, and a warmth of friendliness m m which they long re e bered, and often acknowledged years afterwards as marking one of the bright spots in their lives . As the years went on, and he had attained a position in the community which warranted him in doing so , he exercised the privilege of paying his respects to u disting ished persons who visited Portland as strangers, and showing them such courtesy as was possible for him m m and agreeable to the , not infrequently aking them m guests in his own ho e . Such were Dorothea Dix, Susan

B . Anthony, Julia Ward Howe, Frances E . Willard, Canon

Barnet, Lord Bryce, John Fiske, and President Eliot . O Dr. Eliot was ften so fatigued by his work, or so near the verge of nervous exhaustion , that he was not equal to the strain of long or animated conversation , and early in m m the evening he would quietly slip away fro co pany .

He was not a good sleeper, and he would often get no more 1 10 than five hours of real rest before waking for the day at ’ o r three four o clock . In the wakeful hours that followed " he would often be beset by the foul fiend, as he face tiously named the tendency to worry or be distressed over m Or m proble s arising in his work in the wide fa ily circle . At such times he would at once repel the enemy and enrich his mind by using the time to commit to m emory choice

o f m m no m portions literature . Thus he e orized t only any of the Psalm s with their assurances o f strength and

’ fort, but also nearly all of Shakespeare s Sonnets, and m m any passages fro Milton, Wordsworth, Matthew Ar nold, and other favorite poets . That the physical and nervous handicaps from which he suffered did not more 1mp a1r his capacity f or work is due to the fact that he was s regular in his habit and abstemious in food and drink, and that fo r over forty years he faithfully practiced a series o f physical exercises fo r fifteen minutes every night before retiring . Another salutary factor in his often bur dened m o f m life was a wholeso e sense hu or . Though his eyes had since youth been such p ainful f m o . organs vision, Dr Eliot had a re arkable breadth and

o f tu depth acquaintance with the best litera re, and was surprisingly alert in keeping track of current books . He thus kept himself abreast o f the thought and tendencies no t ff of the latest generation, and did su er his naturally conservative temperament to prevent him from catching

to - o f and being just the present day points view, whether ” ” r radical o reactionary . Very late in his life he read

m o f . . so e the critical essays of his nephew, T S Eliot, and

1 12 greatly admired and used to commend to his grandchil m dren . In later years he also took uch pleasure from read

’ ’ re- ing and reading Trollope s novels, and Scott s, of which he was especially fond ; and he also read in a wide m range a ong current works of popular literature, though l m a ways with discri inating choice . For years he was chair Of mmi ar man the Book Co ttee of the Portland Libr y, with the duty of passing upon proposed purchases of books . In his later years the evenings at home were pleasantly passed m as so e book was read aloud, and he always loved to hear In his his daughters sing or play . youth he had taken piano im m lessons, and on rare occasions he would h self play so e thing from Beethoven or Schubert . He had a fine taste for m i m the best usic, and very late in l fe, when a sy phony t orchestra had been established in Por land, he attended n m its concerts regularly and with great e joy ent . CHARACTER-SKETCH

T0 place a just estim ate upon such a character as that of Dr . Eliot, without falling into indiscriminate praise or m u t . fulsome eulogy, is no easy a ter At cas al first meeting the impression that a stranger might receive was that of a quiet manner and a native courtly reserve ; but with these he united, though at first one might easily fail to discover it, great strength and firmness of character . Beneath the habitually placid surface there were in fact hidden fires . Under extreme provocation he could be aroused to an occasional though rare outburst of tem per ; and at times impatience might express itself in an action or a word that m see ed arbitrary . But so well did he have his nature under discipline that few indeed ever detected in him a flash of m anger, a burst of te per, the expression of strong feeling, m or the lapse of an unbridled tongue . One a using instance of this sort, however, occurred in his first visit to Italy . As he and his brother were about to leave the pension where m m they had stayed in Ro e, the anager introduced into her bill an exorbitant charge for a whole chamber set . He pro tested that all was in order save for a chip in one cup, for which they were in fact not responsible . She insisted, de clarin m g that this ruined the whole set . In the circu stances 1 14

there was nothing to do but to pay the charge . That done, now his m seeing that the set was , he returned to his roo m and s ashed it all to bits, thus at once relieving his feel ings and effectively preventing a repetition o f the outrage.

- Dr . Eliot was a person of rich and many sided nature . c m Save in truly great chara ters, one seldo finds united in a single personality so m any and so varied qualities . m e Though he wrote little in verse, he was a poet in te p ra m hi f ent and in s view o f the events o life . Though not an m artist beyond aking delightful pencil sketches, he had

fine aesthetic taste, refined artistic feeling, and a great love o f m or the beautiful in for color, whether in the works of or Nature in the creations of man . He delighted in the best music and had an intelligent appreciation of the works o f m the great co posers . He had discriminating taste in lit

’ erature m m , and the world s great poe s and dra as were h inex austible source of pleasure to him . While in his

uncom rom151n ethical standards he was as p g as any Puritan,

’ in his judgment of others faults o r failures he was as m co passionate as Christ . He entered into the lives of others, ff m especially the su ering, the te pted, the defeated, with quick and understanding sympathy ; yet in both public and private relations he was a true saint, who kept himself unspotted from the world . On the other hand, he was a m an of wide and varied knowledge and experience of m en Of m things and , re arkable practical wisdom, and unusual breadth and balance of judgment in business af i in fa rs, the best sense a man of the world . Even early in his ministry Dr . Stebbins of San Francisco had said of

1 1 5

him, He is the wisest man I ever knew . Aware of his reputation, he once quoted with a chuckle the saying of ” ” another, Sometimes I get tired of being always wise . He off s t m could not be carried his feet by ha ty en husias s, nor

m m ur decide i portant questions without at e deliberation,

h W all in the course of whic he ould look on sides, take dis into account factors that others had overlooked, and in m cover possible lions the path , so that he so etimes seem ed super-cautious ; but his judgm ents when thus m m for ed seldo proved far wrong . In planning he was prudent and far- seeing ; and when once he had decided upon a course of action that seemed to him worthy and ed wise, he would pursue it with dogg persistence until

m m . the end was won, so etimes only after any years Hence he succeeded in carrying through enterprises that most

others, discouraged at slow progress, would have aban n do ed. Nor was his habitual prudence in the least deceived by the feverish prosperity of the years following the World

War, during which he foresaw and often spoke of the " ” m m seven lean years to co e . While ost people went gaily his on as if prosperity were never to end, he recorded con viction m m that worse ti es were to co e as Europe recovered, and with prudent foresight he set himself to putting his own afl airs into a position to weather whatever storms

-efl acin Modest and self g to a fault, he disliked publicity

and shrank from public notice, never sought or wished e i prominenc or power for h mself, and would never con s sent to have his portrait painted . He did not hrink from 1 16 sharing the drudgeries connected with the causes he pro m a o r m oted, but habitually did his full p rt ore in soliciting subscriptions fo r various philanthropies and other public

u m m ca ses, first aking a generous contribution hi self,

u m won o f tho gh often anony ously . He thus the support m en o f who m wealth, believed in these causes the ore readily because Of their confidence in him and his judg m did m ment . When hard ti es came he his part in eeting m m the e ergency by extra sacrifice, aking his contributions

r if possible la ger than before . o r Dr . Eliot never betrayed a confidence, professional

m a m or other . Whatever y have been the proble s anxieties connected with his work or the institutions in which he

m m at m s was active, he seldo discussed the ho e, unles privately with his wife ; and both she and the children

Often first learned o f these from outside sources .

o on By natural instinct an arist crat, he was yet principle f and in practice the most democratic o men . In his rela

to of w m tions others whatever station, hether at ho e or of m and abroad, he showed a sweetness te per an unfailing Christian courtesy which those that knew him love to m to recall . His welco e a friend expressed the very soul f T O m o benignity . his guests he showed a char ing geni

o r m a m ality, a gl ious s ile Often lighting up the h ndso e fea tures beneath his wavy white hair . o f to In his habits life he was conservative a degree, and instinctively resisted innovations upon the familiar routine . For years after postal delivery was established he still went to the po stoflice fo r his m ail ; and it was years yet before

1 18

m m m m or his so e e orable word Of wisdo insight . One of outstanding characteristics was his thoughtfulness for others and his sympathetic understanding o f their prob

m o r of m u le s points view . His sy pathy and co nsel were available to any who came to him afllicted or distressed in or m mind, body, estate . Nu berless and unrecorded, except o f in the Book Life, are the instances when with a hand clasp o r friendly touch he spoke the unforgotten and un of forgettable word consolation , peace and strength to

those in sorrow. Underlying all else in his character was a profound

i u religious faith, his unfail ng s pport in the labors, trials, to lot disappointments and tragedies that fell his , and the

f r inspiring source o all that he did o was . While loyal to own his religious body, and steadfast in championing its m not views when occasion de anded, he was sectarian in m e phasis, but generously catholic in his attitude toward

of m . the faith others, and tolerant in his judg ents of it

He wished first of all to belong to the Church Universal . Both the Catholic Dante and the Pu ritan Milton had a conspicuous place in his select canon of religious classics . While in his earlier ministry he was sometimes sharply

or ai attacked ostracized in cert n religious circles, he at length won the sincere regard o f leaders in all the larger

o f had churches the city, and happy fellowship in a own denomi monthly club o f its leading ministers . In his nation he served two term s as Director of the American f o r Unitarian Association, and a long generation as a member of the important National Fellowship Committee . { FHC’ SSF

Mem o rial Tablet at R e e d Co lleg e

1 20

m who consent the ost representative citizen in Oregon, m to m has contributed ore rational social advance ent, to the higher educatio n and to the spiritual life o f Oregon

O ” m 93 1 2 than any other living an . In 9 3 an editorial quoted

" ’ with approval a saying that he was Oregon s finest ex em

o f o f plar good citizenship , and the equal any citizen , living o r c and - dead, in chara ter intellect, and that his whole life ”94 had been devoted to altruistic service . When he finally to s 1 36 the Ore onian passed his re t in 9 , g published in place o f the usual political cartoon one representing Oregon in the person o f a citizen reverently standing with bowed " head before his tombstone which recorded sixty-eight years o f selfless labor f o r the public Thom as Lamb Eliot and Henrietta Robins Eliot at Neah- "ah- N ie abo u t 1 920

1 22

1 ° art al aral sis of the r h arm attribute to overdo1n 1n A p i p y ig t , d g th h lera i mi e c o ep de c. 1 1 ame f or hom as amb oston banker and husban of a N d T L , B d

f a orite aunt annah liot amb in whose house at 1 Som v , H E L , 3

erset treet on eacon ill he lo e to s en le sure t me wh le S B H , v d p d i i i at th init h ol at am r e Div y Sc o C b idge . 12 On the west side of Eighth Street between Olive and Locust treets S . 13 T wo m et their eath b tra c acc ents m os of the others b d y gi id , t y membranous cf u r scarl t f er o p o e ev . 14 ith th r f A A M w f n e e e B . r f as c n rre i W d g e o The deg ee o . . o e d 6 course une 5 1 8 6. J , ’ 15 h f eth Ranl r h hi S rot f s f a r s at t . er o . ett a a s oner o the B S A , p i i

i d f or m an ears his ne t- r n i h r ar r ou s an oo e bo . e o L , y y x d g A y two later as Second Officer and then as Mate on this ship was ’ lla t lat r t r l f -l n f r n en . a f l b n e o s o a Mr. ot s e o e E W T , A i , E i i g i d an ar h r d p is ione . 16 T he Halleck Guard was a volunteer organization of seventy o f the most reliable oun m en of he c t and was mustere y g t i y, d in ul 28 1 h r i an f i s r 862 as t e s St. ou s om o s ou J y , , Fi t L C p y M i iliti w i fild’ at a I as o r an un r r n. Scho e s t e t e e . Ge S M . g z d d B ig r l a ur n the o der to c e r out the guerrillas infesting the State. D i g most of August it patrolled the Missouri River as f ar as "ansas t and at the end o f the ear was a ain sent to uell dis Ci y, y g q turbance in ran lin ount It was om an e enth Re i F k C y . C p y B, S v g m n i i i i li t m ral. S . . e t ssour l t a. o was a e or o ee , Mi M E d C p T T R har T h i t ui c s e sto r o f the allec uar S . o s i d , H y H k G d, L ,

l . 1 n l l ar . 3 . c u n a ourna of al ec u s b pp , i di g J H k G d ( y T L li 1 -2 ot . E ), pp 9 3 . 17 ithout e ree as the nit chool did not conf er e rees W d g , Divi y S d g il 2 1 unt 1 8 . i r wh w 70 H s oom ile at the Divinity School as No . i n all D vi ity H . 1 8 Fo r a f ll f e i D 2 u re ort o the ser ce see Cbristian R ster ec. p vi , g , , " ” 1 86 : n th li f o er o r h t . 5 o t e es b . A E t W , y A E 123

19 m l n . t n un letter of c son to Mrs . ro ate but A E i y Di ki A E S g, d d, 4 1 84 a mar e u ust s Mr . and Mrs . os 5 s s . p t k d A g , , y , J h f m l au ht r r m sin h l a e h o he a l tt er. e S . M . v bot t i e d g V y p o i g c i ’ r n if the l e the w ll rna ren un e stan . o t oubt be o d , I d d I d d y iv y i men s to so et h n the are both to be cons ere embr os t ci y. I t i k y id d y ” f u f S f m l n t o f ure use ulness . ee e ters o c nso e e t L t E i y Di ki , di d

b abel oom s od oston 1 894 . 1 0 . y M L i T d, B , , p ’ 20 R char ather s rea ran au hter un ce ran au h er i d M g t g dd g E i , g dd g t of ncrease m arr e the Rev ohn ll ams rs min ster of I , i d . J Wi i , fi t i D eerfield At th me f th D erfild mas a r in 1 04 she . e ti o e e e s c e 7 and four of her ch l ren were om ahaw e b the n ans i d t k d y I di , while her husband and the other children were taken captive to ana a All ut ne were later re eem e and returne to C d . b o d d d

’ " D eerfield as relate in Williams s autob o ra h cal Re eem e , d i g p i d d ” a t Return " n n her was rea e e to o 1 707 . u ce a C p iv d i , E i M t g t

reat- ran m th r t enr a a m onumen near reen g g d o e o H iett M ck . A t G el mar h la h fi d ks t e p ce of er death. 21 he earl a ree on a r s n -star and ha e her of hem T y y g d t y ti g , t t it t when s eein it h ul h n f the h r g s o d t i k o ot e . 22 e er rea at the 2 5th ann ersar in ortlan 1 893 . L tt d iv y P d, 23 m n w r d . o th as en ers r Mr. ar n ur ell an A g e p s g e e M ti S . B Mr m ’ a f w n r a n. . l s ne co e t o J es W Cook o Mr . E iot g g i 24 T he r er was l ester arrell who was later to be for man d iv Sy v F , y hi ” r h e o ia D 4 1 8 D r. ea s s nearest ne bor. See Or n n ec . 2 97 y ig g , , , ”

l ot recalls his arr al here h rt ears a o Ore onian D ec. E i iv t i y y g ; g , D r l r alls hi arr al here si ears . . o ec s T L . E i t iv xty y " a o r a D D r l o 8 an w fe o u n l . 2 1 2 d ec 5 9 7 . . . 6 g ] , , , T L E i t, , i ” r i ar ived n city Christmas eve j ust sixty years ago . 25 a t s a hol c on re a onal sco al ew sh etho B p i t, C t i , C g g ti , Epi p , J i , M

st resb ter an . di , P y i 2‘ e h fiv f t ix h w h 1 e ee s nc es e 35 oun s . H ig t, i ; ig t, p d 27 a natural m sun ers an n the le en ot a oat and is By i d t di g, g d g fl , e en et som et mes re ea e ha she actuall com ose his v y i p t d, t t y p d sermons for him " 124

28 ubse uent homes until the ermanen one was bu l on Wes S q , p t i t t ar treet were at the nor hwes corner of if h and ar et P k S , t t F t M k treets and at the northeas corner of ast ar and l er S , t E P k A d tr ts S ee . 29 On his first visit to San Francisco in 1 860 he had made Web ’ stet s acquaintance ; and when the two returned east on the same steamer w th ebster obl e to ra el secon class af ter Pan , i W ig d t v d ama liot ins ste on ta n his meals w th him in the secon , E i d ki g i d a n e st r was m u h uch li at f f ri n c bi . W b e c to ed by this de c e act o e d sh and oon h ad an rtum f r uitin i On lan n s o o t o e t. ip, pp y q g di g in New or he th rocee t ston T he tem erature Y k t y bo p ded o Bo . p was f ar below ero l ot was sufl erin f rom a hea col and z , E i g vy d, h r w nh ebster ns te hat l ot w ar his ear t e ca as u eated . W i is d t E i e b f s in coat and l ot alwa s bel eve tha his sa e his li e . k , E i y i d t t v d

r rien hi wa li - n Thei f ds p s fe lo g . 30 See Ore onian Oct. 20 1 898 e ter on n ian ucat on g , , , L t I d Ed i ” f ito al l l 1 n The n an c . e r Oct. 1 1 a so u 6 1877 e ter o d i ; J y , , L t I di u sti n Q e o . 31 b e i 1 See C ristian R ster ul 8 1 87 . g , J y , 32 This was in fact quite in line with the traditions of the Unitarian i i f m n str so well e em l e b his ather. i y, x p fi d y 33 i f ort See Ore onian D ec. 19 1 871 eal to the c ens o g , , , App tiz P " lan in behalf of the ome u us 10 1 872 e ter on d ( H ) A g t , , L t ” ” Th m His own hurch eo le subscribe more han e Ho e. c p p d t h lf th whol am n a e e ou t. 34 h l See Ore onian an . 2 3 1 871 Reform c oo s . g , J , , S 35 He published two sermons on the Temperance Question in 1 883 rst in the Ore onian r l 30 1883 How th n s (fi g , Ap i , , i g ” i n loo at the est Oct . 22 1 883 T he conta ous n ue ce k W ; , , g i fl ” ” of good m orals ) and in 1 886 an essay on The DrinkQuestion ” in m e f amilia as s so r ect etc. p , 36 I n l o to a r n co sequence of a suggestion made by Mr. E i t M yo Henry Failing it was decided to depend upon such relief f unds l ra l all h ec s on ave ort an an eny as cou d be ised oc y. T is d i i g P l d i

126

w in 1 0 T o th s charm n summ r hom h a h do n 9 5 . i i g e e e g ve t e " name Shushula the n an nam e of the blue eanothus which , I di C n n n th la tr o f a ut tw l r r was abu da t o e p ce. A s ip bo e ve ac es bo dering on Indian Creek he later donated to the city for public

use .

45 T he total cost of the church w th furn sh n s was us shor of , i i i g , j t t it w i a and as ded c ted f ree of debt. 46 oreo er as one of the members of the church he hab tuall M v , , i y m a e an annual subscri t on to its bu et and onl one or two d p i dg , y e er subscr be m ore enerousl th h rom the be inn n he v i d g y an e . F g i g made a point of ref using personal gifts and donations ; nor woul he acce t f ees f or con uctin f uneral ser ces e en f rom d p d g vi , v h e ha had n nne n w hi h If he were in t os t t o co ctio ith s c urch. t y t n h w ul la m i hi h r t un His salar s s e o e o ce he n s c a f . i d , d p t i y d y never exceeded and f or m ost of the time it was but

' As it was fre uentl in arrears he re eate l refused a q y , p d y

r r n n n m h m ana e e en o ose nc ease . ce b str n e t eco o e p p d i Si y i g y g d, v in lean ears to li e w th n his ncome when these arrears y , v i i i , w r ai h h a i l f m n m n Th ese e e p d up e ad c p ta sums or odest i vest e ts . were ut into lan wh ch in a row n commun t rose in p d, i g i g i y alue hus out o f these sa in s he e entuall accumulate a v . T v g v y d

m t n e Mr l h w i s s . t e traor na r urce mode t co pe e c . E io s o ed x d ry eso f ulness and skill in administering the aff airs o f her household on the narrowest resources and her husban a e her all the , d g v credit f or the success achieved in solving their economic prob l m e s .

In allus on to the anec ote of the n an who sa No n an i d I di id, ; I di l Wi w 8 f no s l st O e onia Au . 2 1 80 c . t o t am o . See r n 7 ; g g , g , ;

e t . 7 1 02 . S p , 9 la r ia Au 1 6 1 8 n lar c e . See Ore o n n . 88 The ewto g , g , , N C k G i

m th o f o R er. h n wa st r . o T e am e s sugge ed by M . E L . S i H d iv ” There is also an Eliot Road on the south boundary of Shu ” shula at oo R er and an lio chool at Ro ne enue H d iv , E t S d y Av ’ d "nott treet o rtlan Mr l ot s - am n an an me of . d . o c S , P d S E i pi g 127

m other experiences at Hoo d River are preserved in story f or in ’ " ’ ” " l ot s l ttle boo s aura s ol a s and aura in the Mrs . E i i k , L H id y , L ountains oston 18 8 amon the m os o ular M (B , 9 , g t p p

j uveniles of their period . 5° See Oficial Report of the tenth meeting of the National Unita 2 2 f f r n 1 88 . 0 r an on e e ce 1 . i C , , p 5 1 f his s h at the emocra c t on ent on on the l uor c . peec D ti Ci y C v i iq

l cense uest on Ore onian une 16 1883 . i q i , g , J , " 52 See Ore onian ul 1 2 1 883 e er on ecess of Re t es g , J y , , L tt N ity p mon . 53 l l h ara e . See Ore onian N ov . 26 1 883 also ub s e se g , , ; p i d p t y 54 See Ore onian r l 2 1 1 886 or f or the "n er g , Ap i , , A W d i d a n g rte . 55 i 1 4 r n h Reform chool See Ore on an Oct . 88 ette o t e g , 9, , L S

Question. 56 I i li t a her five memo f h m Mrs . . o encour e b n r o . y W G E , g d y ch l ren a e ash n ton n ers in 1 892 ro er alue i d , g v W i g U iv ity p p ty v d a t n w ha ll h n r t o e do the C nce ors ip of the U ive sity. 5 7 T he first course consisted o f twenty-two lectures on the Be nn n s of New n lan the mer can Re olut on and the gi i g E g d, A i v i , l ar On his la t un a n n un 1 at the W . s e e e Civi S d y v i g (J 9, ” n tar h r l r i a n T he an u ch Mr. s e rst e e e h s ess o U i i C , Fi k fi d iv d y ” ster of l later ubl she as a cha ter in his hrou h My y Evi , p i d p T g ” ature to N God.

53 f - c . . C . . en te The er ellowsh oston 1 927 W W d , Wid F ip (B , ) 22 ii . . 59 The a o n m nt w m a r 1 T he foun a n was e as e in Oc obe 885 . pp i t d t , t i b the scul tor Ol n arn r and was re ar at e t m e . e e th y p i L W , g d d i as unsur as e in m r an l r was e cate at ront p s d A e ic scu ptu e. It d di d F and ne reets in e tember 1 888 and the comm ttee re Vi St S p , , i p sen e its nal re ort in anuar 1 88 Th tal st w h . e o co t d fi p J y, 9 t it supplements to the original bequest of amounted to some r m r T h o o e . e commi ee were a or ohn a es tt M y J G t , hom liot n as . e r a l n ll m a a hams . . . T L E , H y F i i g, Wi i W d , C E S 1 28

h l In 1 1 1 D l w a in ar . tton lso r. o as e oo es . a o W d, C E Si 9 E i t pp t d m m f a l i r e a e ber o commission for p ac ng a statue of Gen. Geo g lli i tatuar all in l w . ams n the nat onal a to . He as H Wi S y H , i C pi influential also in raising money for the Sacaj awea statue in

ashin ton ar in 1 05 . See Ore onian arch 1 2 1 05 . W g P k 9 g , M , 9 6° See e torial note in Unit h ca o ul 2 3 1887 and edi di y (C i g ), J y , , b tot al in C ristian Re ister Au . 4 1 887. i g , g , 61 He was also seriously appro ached in 1 890 about accepting the resi enc o f the ea lle heolo ical chool but he woul p d y M dvi T g S , d n not cons e t to let his name be presented .

62 Se Ore onian an 20 1 88 al 2 8 mo n on e . so an. 1 7 ser g , J , 9 ; J 9, 9, " ” The ount a l r l 7 1 884 a ress on Our ount C y J i ; Ap i , , dd C y ” " ”

a l cf . e tor al on r m nal ucat on ril 9 1 884. J i ; di i C i i Ed i , Ap , 63 For s rm n f e ian ct 22 1 888 e o s or r son un a see Or on O . P i S d y, g , , ; 2 Oct . 7, 1 890 .

64 See Ore onian e t 22 1 88 a r n bl c har es . ess o u g , S p , 9, dd P i C iti rr and Co ections . 65 An e cellent Re ort of the oar was ublishe in 1 8 2 but x p B d p d 9 , sentiment at that time disapproved the multiplication of Bo ards and omm ss ons and the oar was abolishe at the ne t ses C i i , B d d x

s on of the e islature 1 894. i L g , 66 h l o in con T e characterization used by President Charles W. E i t ferr n the e ree was as follows : T homam amb l o sacerdo i g d g L E i t, tem e re ium ui aternum e em lum secutus in ca u rei g g , q p x p , p t ubl cae Ore oniae tum uas solitudinem mi ravit et una p i g , q i , g , cum urbe sua crevit ua nunc am l ss ma clarissimus f ruc us q p i i t , Sacro an a T h lo ia D m h n i a a homas amb s ct e eo e octore o or s c us . g , T L ’ l ot eminent minister who followin his f a her s e am le re E i , , g t x p , m o e to the chief town of the tate of Ore on at that time v d S g , almost a w l erness and rew alon w h his cit of wh ch i d , g g it y, i now that it has grown large he is himself the most distinguished r u p od ct. ’ 67 In e in l t acc pt g D r. E io s resignation the church unanimously adopted the following resolutions :

1 30

’ in n f D r l s nf le tat n h ance co se uence o . ot e eeb s e . O is , q E i d t i n h w r a bio ra h cal s etch b th R v occas o o e e e e . enr , v , g p i k ( y H y l er oote was ubl she in the Cbristian e ister for ov Wi d F ) p i d R g N . 8 2 1 . , 935

69 h w i i i ev e h T h Rev n . oo n Un tar a i w ar 1 88 e . o e n R c 7 J H H y d, , M , , 2 f p . 35 .

70 S r o F 1 4 1 8 r f O e nian eb . 8 T he us as ee e e . g , , 9 , D y C 71 See Ore onian Ma 5 1 890 The ra e- n o n and Its lace g , y , , T d U i P

i n l - i r n A g o Saxon H sto y. 72 See Ore onian ril 2 3 1 883 The Real ssues ef ore the g , Ap , , I B ortlan l w h l n ermon on P d Peop e No and at t e June E ectio . cf . s ” ” The ee of n ual ffort in un c al Reform Ore o N d I divid E M i ip , g ia 4 n n ov 26 1 8 . , N . , 9

73 S r 2 1 0 ri v 26 1 88 ee O e onia r l 6 88 t es No . n . 3 g , Ap i , S k , ,

’ ” " m l i nf hi m n 2 1 1 84 The o en s o t cal ranc se e t Oct. 8 W P i E ; , , ” ” r l ssues f at onal f 2 1 88 The ro os o a o e Oct. 7 7 M I N i Li ; , , P p ed ” h r m en ment an 2 1 1 888 orces and ro b to . (p i i y) A d ; J , , Div

orce aws Nov . 1 2 1 894 orsh of hance or D es Div L , , W ip C tiny (lotteries ) 74 See Ore onian ul 1 2 1 900 . cf . his art cle on s osal of g , J y , i Di p ”

the ea in Paci c Unitarian i. 309f u ust 1 900 . D d fi , vii , A g ,

75 his re ort was ublishe b the ar oar in 1 04 and re T p p d y P k B d 9 , m ains a f ar-seeing plan for any f uture developments of Port

’ lan r d s pa k system . 76 In 1 9 1 2 he m anif ested his continuing interest in public parks by

o nin w th the w ow o f his ear f r en and ar sh oner . j i g i id d i d p i i , G or on Gamm ans in the ft of e ht lots in the urra e ract G d , gi ig B g T

on the en nsul a to be nown as Gammans ar . P i , k P k 77 “ See Cbristian Re ister D ec. 1 0 1903 s t to a an Feb . g , , , A Vi i J p " ” 1 1 1 04 Rel ous hou ht in a an S obane S okesman , 9 , igi T g J p ; p p , ” ” h i an in a . Oct . 29 1903 r s an ss ons , , C i ti M i J p ’ 78 i s had rece e f rom a In 1 88 D r l ot s f a her in . ou 3 . E t St L i iv d parishioner a similar bequest amounting to over with 1 31

out con t ons o r nstruct ons hou h it was in en e hat di i i i , t g t d d t most of it sho uld go to Washington University and to the ’ ca em wh ch was accor in l name in the onor s hono r A d y, i d g y d d ,

Smith Academy. 79 m w r w r D r. mon the m e bers ere . . er . . e ste A g W B Ay , W L B , ha M n a u D R c r . o e ha man r. . . resse C . H . C p , G C C y, i d W t g , h l R r D r. nd D r . R . n b n te en . s a . so . obe . a e t L S i , S p S Wi , J Wi ” 8° — See Ore onian Oct . 2 3 1875 e and went ears so f ar g , , , Fiv T y Y ’

as the wr er nows D r l ot s onl ubl she erse . it k , . E i y p i d v 81 This rem ains the official nam e of the foundation ; but subj ect to this general title the academic work is carried on under direc tion of a Board of Regents and under the name of Reed Col

82 n w rn him n a n r t His f ather o ce a ed ever to st rt a U ive si y. 83 President Foster conf erred the degree in the following terms hom as amb lio achelor of r s of ashin on n er T L E t, B A t W gt U iv sit achelor of n of arvar n ers see note 1 7 y, B Divi ity H d U iv ity ( ) octor of acre heolo of ar ar n ers t oc or of D S d T gy H v d U iv i y, D t aws of as hin on ni ers and now an honorar ra L W gt U v ity, y g d uate of the co llege which is peculiarly his own ; ins piring pastor of the f ounders of Reed College ; modest and distinguished man of letters ; shrewd and genial counselor and f riend of teachers and of s u en s whose f a h has ma e stron our hearts and t d t , it d g whose wis dom has made light the dark places in the j ourney to this first Commencement ; whose very presence is our bene i n l l a r ct o be o e e e o f us all . di , v d d 34 Chancellor David F Houston conferred the degree as follows homas amb l o ha rman of the o ar of rustees o f T L E i t, C i B d T Ree olle e lea er in hurch and chool a son who oes d C g , d C S , d honor to th s n ers whose name ma be enrolle w h i U iv ity, y d it ha of his s n u she f a her an ucat onal u l er t t di ti g i d t as ed i b i d . “5 He be an com n here f or short summer s ts in 1 1 5 and g i g vi i 9 , after buying a cottage at the end of 1919 he spent the summer and earl autumn m n h r l 2 y o ths e e unti 193 . 1 32

86 He was har l aware of the ea h of his s ster in ebruar d y d t i F y, 1 6 nl ten w before hi w 3 o ee s s o n. 9 , y k

’ 87 On un a the twent -thir salm am e s h mn was alwa s S d y y d P , M i y , y Her m em o was e t f sh sun . r e er re in a sweet sunn wa g y k p v , y y. 89 Brief f ragm ents are recorded as characteristic examples : We take the gift of this world of beauty and o f light from thy hand and with ratitude we receive some of its li ht in g g to our hearts . el us in these times when so m an are de ressed in what we sa H p , y p , y and do and in what we thin to raise them ve lo r k, abo the c ud, o teach

them that there is li ht be o nd the clo u d el o ur de r o n s to self g y . H p a e control and foresight and definiteness o f purpo se that shall carry them

Bles s o ur dear ones wherever th are and ma all th com e ey , y at s

to them e ta en u into the swee tn ss f their lf - o ntro l b k p e o se c , the

urit o f their self -sacrifice th m eanin o f their s rv i t n nd p y , e g e ce o ma ki .

el us to bear whatever m a be in store for us of o or of sorrows H p y j y , w ve it st f v n and may e gi to o f o ur be in victory o r orgi e ess .

une 20 1 1 O God our Father in heaven we than thee for (J , 9 5 ) , , k

nfien ha we ll th e Are no t even the hairs o f the co d ce t t dwe in y hous . " our head numbered"D o st thou no t care for the sparro ws How much

h n for whos da ar few S r hen in us this confidence m o re t us e s e . t en t e , y g ,

0 God and chiefl in thes e dar da s m a the li ht o f this faith sh ne , y k y y g i bright in m eek hearts that do thy will as brothers and sisters o f the dear Jesus the patience o f ho pe though we have little faith

88. m in 1 w m r Re oved 934 to Rivervie Ce ete y. 89 T o these may be added the f act that when a chapter of Phi Beta "a a was nst tute at ashin ton n ers t in 191 4 he was pp i i d W g U iv i y , selected as the first of the alumni m embers 90 i See Ore o nian Oct. 1 4 1 9 1 1 e to rial D r. l ot. g , , , d , E i 91 See ournal Oct . 1 3 1 91 1 7oth rth a of astor onore J , , , Bi d y P H d

" ’ ” i i n r h rth a o o e . Oct. 1 4 1 9 1 1 n ster s 7ot , , M Bi d y H d " 92 Ore o nian Oct. 1 3 191 6 m rint left on c b o l man g , , , I p ity y g d y

hown ec al article b son ennett. s . (Sp i y Addi B ) “ 93 2 2 i h -fi h ele a 1 1 H s rst ir a . T r m Oct . 6 9 g , , , Eig ty B t d y 94 fin r a ion in . Ore onian Ma 19 1 92 3 . See also the e a ec . g , y , pp i t W L

1 34

Alumni Bulletin ashin ton ni ers t ebruar 1 36 , W g U v i y, F y, 9 , ’ hurch honors hom as amb liot 62 note inis er and C T L E , , d M t r Educato . l m Ore onian r l 2 7 1 936 er an b s his oc a eu . g , Ap i , , C gy id fl k di i “ ” r l 28 1 936 e tor al hom as amb l ot. r l 2 Ap i , , di , T L E i Ap i 9, ”

1 936 ea ers ra se iOneer minister. , Sp k p i p

ournal ril 27 1 936 eath ta es D r. . . l ot note J , Ap , , D k T L E i , d i asto r. r l 28 1936 ast tr butes ai to a e min p Ap i , , L p d g d ” “ i r al o am li ste . tor h mas b o . Edi i , T L E t “ - N ews T ele ram r l 27 1 936 D r. hom as amb l ot es g , Ap i , , T L E i di ” f l n an il 1 D r o a ter o s . r 29 936 e tor al . Th mas g p Ap , , di i , l Lamb E iot. Reed Colle e Bulletin une 1936 hom as amb l o g , J , , T L E i t, accalaureate ress at Ree olle e on une 7 1 36 b B Add d C g J , 9 , y D l . l r. ar bur E M Wi . O F F I C E S H E L D

n ember of ell National Conference of U itarian Churches . M F ow

- sh omm ee 1 878 1 1 5 . ip C itt , 9

i n r an at n r r 1 8 - 1 8 mmis Ama can ta ssoc o . ecto 0 . C o U i i A i i Di , 9 99

sioner to a an 1 03 . J p , 9 - 8 2 fi n ar an n r n r r 88 1 . ac c o fe e ce. ec o 1 5 9 P i U it i C Di t ,

- ac c n tar an chool for the n s r . rus ee 1 06 1918. P ifi U i i S Mi i t y T t , 9

Crvrc

oun u er n en en of chools Multnomah oun 1 872 C ty S p i t d t S , C ty,

1876.

ember of re Rel ef omm ee or lan 1 873 . M Fi i C itt , P t d,

- ember of omm ee on the more ounta n 1 885 1 889 . M C itt Skid F i ,

- ember of o ar of ar omm ss oners ortlan 1900 1906. M B d P k C i i , P d, m r f o i n a u Gen ll ams 1 1 1 e be o mm ss o on e of . . M C i St t Wi i , 9

PHILANT HROPIC

’ - The h l ren s ome . ncor ora or 1 871 rus ee 1 887 1923 (C i d ) H I p t , ; T t , ;

- - ecretar 1 887 1905 res en 1905 1916. S y, ; P id t, The Society f or Propagating the Gospel Among the Indians and

- others in or h mer ca. s n issionar 1 875 1905 . N t A i Vi iti g M y,

omm ss oner of r sons f rom Ore on 1 876. C i i P i g ,

- Ore on umane oc et . Or ani er 1 882 res en 1 882 1905 . g H S i y g z , ; P id t, ’ ’ s d o an rls oc et . Or an er 1 885 rus ee and ha r B y Gi Aid S i y g iz , ; T t C i man ecu e omm t ee 1902 -191 1 onora rus ee Ex tiv C i t , ; H ry T t ,

- 1 91 1 1936. 1 36

i i it oar o f harit es . Or an er 1 888 ncor orator 1 88 C y B d C g z , ; I p , 9 ;

- - rector 1 890 1 900 ce res ent 1 895 . Di , ; Vi P id , Ore n tate onference f har and orr i ns r an r o o t es ect o . O e g S C C i i C g iz ,

i 02 - 1 1 1 88 res ent 1 2 . 9 ; P d , 9 9

ar f har a d orr n r m 1 - 1 tate o o t es n ec o . o oter 890 1 89 . S B d C i i C ti P , ’ - a es Rel ef oc et . ecretar 1900 1901 res ent 1901 L di i S i y S y, ; P id ,

19 16.

’

r soners Aid oc et . romoter member of the oar 1 03 P i S i y P , B d, 9

19 19 .

Red ross omm t ee ember 1 1 -1 1 7 8. C C i t , M . 9 9

CU LT U RAL AN D ED UCAT IONAL

l ort an Art ssoc ation. nco r orator 1 8 2 rustee 1 892 P d A i I p , 9 ; T ,

- - - 19 1 7 ce res ent 1 898 19 16 res ent 19 16 1 1 7 . ; Vi P id , ; P id , 9

- - ortlan brar ssoc at on. rector 1896 1916 ce res P d Li y A i i Di , ; Vi P i

- ent 1 00 1 16. d , 9 9

- Ree nst tute . rustee 1904 192 5 res en of the oar 1904 d I i T , ; P id t B d,

1920.

1 38

The r n uest on in so me f am l ar as ects and in the l ht o f D i k Q i , i i p ig i i h stor c robab lism . An essa o ember 1 885 rea at San i p y N v , , d i l in Re f ral t an Franc sco . (A so port o Pacific Co ast Libe Chris i

S r n i 1 nferen . an a s o 8 6 1 1 o ce c c 8 . . C ) F , pp

h l n San ran i 1 88 In Modern e T e Ethics o f Gamb i g . F c sco ( 7) ( R li ion T hon /of o 1 r n f h s trac : N . 5 . The c cula o o t g g , pp ( i ti i t among the members of the California Legislature in 1 887 was an important f actor in smothering a bill for licensmg public gambling which had already been recomm ended for passage by the Committee on Public Morals ")

San ran 18 I Mo e eli ion: Thon /at orce . c sco 88 n d rn R Div F i ( ) ( g g ,

No . 14 pp .

r rt n n lecture before the P opo io and Perspective in Educatio . A

’

f ourth str ct eachers nst tu e o f Ore on or lan D ec. Di i T I i t g , P t d,

2 l in he O e onian D ec 0 6 . 1 884. so t r . 3 9, (A g , , pp

In emo r am ar Frazar 28 M i M y E . . pp .

h in th R f hara r An a ress bef ore the T he Teac er e ealm o C cte . dd

n m al t tut D 28 1 88 8 . ou t or ns e ec . 7 . C y N I i , , pp

ermons f or ent un a and hr s mas D ec. 2 and 2 3 1 888. S Adv S d y C i t , , 1 8 pp .

’ s n " Re u l she in ~ Ameri~ Is not thi Joseph s So 7 pp . ( p b i d 4 oston can n tar an ssoc at on rac s er es No . 77 U i i A i i T t , S i , , B ,

An mil ar 2 1 1 aster o ch . E H y. (M 9, pp

la 2 e d Tboa t . S e b r 1 arch . No . P y pp ( g , , M , T he Radical Difference Between Liberal Christianity and Ortho o Re l h m r n nitar an . an. 10 ub s e in e ca d xy (J , ( p i d A i U i

ssociation racts er es 4 No . 94 os on 14 . A T , S i , , B t , pp

Reli ous u r t In r t sh and ore n n tar an ssocia gi A tho i y. ( B i i F ig U i i A

v l 2 -1 n t on ea ets o . . 1 1 o on An e tract i L fl , , pp , L d , ( x f r m th f re n o e o goi g . ) rm n r F 2 1 l e o eache eb . 1 18 ea s . s . 5 . Id A p d , 99 pp 1 39

an t n nf erence Se The Unitarian d Tradi io . Co

at le ul 1 1 1909 . San ranc sco . 1 8 . Re rin e f rom t J y , ( F i ) pp ( p t d 309 -3 14 u us , A g t, f r it ia m e . n ar n eview 86 an. The ar r o o e us U R . 5 7 M ty d S v t , xix , J ,

1 883 .