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NB. For more info on OSKEYBOARD X Keyboard shortcuts see: TRICKShttps://support.apple.com/en-ca/HT201236 FOR MAC OS X

Startup Manager Turn on, or restart, your Mac. Immediately press and hold the Option key. After a few seconds, the Startup Manager should appear. Use the left and right arrow keys on the keyboard to select the volume you would like to use.Press the Return key on your keyboard to start up the computer from the volume you selected. You can press the Eject key on the keyboard to eject DVD media. Inserting a startup DVD will add that DVD to the list of startup volumes (as in the image above). Attach Thunderbolt, FireWire or USB externals to add to the list of volumes.

Startup from Recovery Partition OS X Lion and later includes a built in set of utilities as part of the Recovery System. You can use OS X Recovery to: Restore your Mac from a Time Machine backup; Verify and repair connected drives using Disk Utility; Check your Internet connection or get help online using Safari; Install or reinstall OS X. Reinstalling the OS requires an internet connection.

Startup from Network Holding down the “N” key (lowercase only) during bootup will cause the Mac to start from a valid bootable network server (NetBoot).

Startup from bootable media Holding down the “C” key (lowercase only) during bootup will cause the Mac to start from a bootable CD/DVD USB thumb drive and so forth..

Bypass Primary Startup Volume Startup from an external drive by holding down Command, Option, Shift and Delete keys during startup. The Mac will search for a valid System folder on CD, DVD or external Hard Drive.

Force Startup into OS X Holding down the “X” key (lowercase only) during bootup will force a Mac normally set to startup in BootCamp or OS 9 into OS X (provided of course it is installed). Precursor Systems A member of the Apple Consultants Network 386 Cordova Street • Winnipeg, MB • Canada, R3N 1A6 [email protected] • http://www.precursor.ca • (204) 793-1880 – Precursor Keyboard Tricks for Mac OS X, page 2 –

Startup in Target Disk Mode Pressing the “T“ key at startup tells a Macintosh to startup in Target Disk Mode (Thunderbolt or FireWire - if available). When you see the FireWire logo bouncing around on the screen you can hot-plug the Target Disk Mode Mac into another up and running Macintosh and it will appear as an external drive. To conclude, just dismount (eject) the Target Disk and pull the FireWire cable, then press the Power Button to turn off the Target Disk Mac.

Safe Boot Mode Having problems? Hold down the shift key while starting up (only after hearing the startup chime) in Mac OS X 10.2 and later. It forces a directory check of the startup (boot) volume. Safe Boot mode: - forces a directory check of the startup (boot) volume. - loads only required kernel extensions (some of the items in /System/Library/Extensions). - runs only Apple-installed startup items (some of the items in /Library/Startup Items and / System/Library/Startup items - and different than login items).

Verbose Mode Hold down the Command and “V” keys at startup will force the Mac to startup in Verbose mode to show what is going on.

Single-User Mode Hold down the Command and “S” keys at startup will force the Mac to startup in Single-User (command-line) mode. To run the UNIX disk repair at the # prompt: 1. Type: "fsck -y" (that's fsck-space-minus-y). 2. Press Return. Repeat this procedure until you DO NOT see the comment: “***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED ***** ” When the fsck completes without finding any more errors: 3. Type: "reboot" to restart, or type "exit" to start up without rebooting. 4. Press Return.

Eject CD/DVD Holding down the mouse button at startup has the effect of ejecting removeable disks like CDs and DVDs during the bootup process before they can load. It may also eject disks in external devices. Precursor Systems A member of the Apple Consultants Network 386 Cordova Street • Winnipeg, MB • Canada, R3N 1A6 [email protected] • http://www.precursor.ca • (204) 793-1880 – Precursor Keyboard Tricks Special, page 3 –

Quit all Applications and Restart Hitting the Command, Control and Eject keys will quit all running Applications and restart the Shutdown Mac. If this fails try to Force Quite the Applications (below). Similar to Restart. Command + Option + Control + Eject Force Quit Application If your cursor locks up or your watch freezes, try quitting the application with a force quit (Com- mand + Option + Escape).

Force Quit Foreground Application In Mac OS X 10.3 Panther you can bypass the Force Quit dialog box and force quit the application in the foreground by adding Shift to the regular Force Quit sequence (Command + Option + Escape + Shift).

Restart, Sleep, Shutdown Dialog Hitting the Control and Eject keys will cause the OS Retart, Sleep, Shutdown Dialog box to appear and allow you to make an appropriate choice. To make that choice from the keyboard hit “S” to sleep, “R” to Restart, or hit the Return Key to select the default –which is Shutdown.

Sleep Hitting Command-Option-Power OR Command-Option-Eject will put the computer to sleep. Wake it up again by hitting the spacebar or clicking the mouse. OR Log Out In Mac OS X 10.2 and higher, Command-Option-Q brings up a cancellable Dialog Box which allows you to choose to Log Out. Do nothing and you will be logged out after two minutes of inactivity.

Log Out Immediately In Mac OS X 10.2 and higher, Command-Shift-Option-Q will log you out immediately.

Precursor Systems A member of the Apple Consultants Network 386 Cordova Street • Winnipeg, MB • Canada, R3N 1A6 [email protected] • http://www.precursor.ca • (204) 793-1880 – Precursor Keyboard Tricks Special, page 4 –

Forced Power Down On newer Macs that lack Programmer’s Reset buttons and Keyboard Power buttons, you can 5 seconds hold down the Power Button on the computer case for 5 seconds to force the computer to turn off. The following boot-up will likely be slower than usual since the disk will be checked.

Reset PRAM & NVRAM You can reset the parameter RAM by holding down the Command Option P and R keys simulta- neously as you start up from a Powered Off State. Keep the keys down until you hear a second startup chime. Unlike prior versions of the Mac OS, Mac OS X does not store display or network settings in PRAM. If you experience a video or network issue, resetting PRAM will not help. You will have to reset NNRAM (see below: Starting into Open Firmware) Exactly which settings are stored in the computer’s PRAM varies depending on the type of computer as well as the types of devices and drives connected to the computer. Some information stored in PRAM includes: Time zone setting Startup volume choice Speaker volume Recent kernel panic information, if any DVD region setting (Mac OS X stores your preselected DVD region choice in PRAM for easy access. Resetting PRAM does not allow you to change the DVD region). If you have difficulty starting up after the PRAM zap (especially if you have a RAID attached) try involing the Startup Manager by holding down the Option key while restarting to select your startup system. If this doesn’t work, restart your computer while holding down the Command, Option, Shift, and Delete keys.

Startup into Open Firmware Up until Mac OS X 10.5, holding down the Command, Option, and letters “O”and “F” keys at startup will force the Mac to startup into Open Firmware. Some hand commands are: reset-nvram [Return] resets the NVRAM set-defaults [Return] sets defaults reset-all [Return] resets Logic Board and PRAM (the Mac will immediately restart after this last one). Some other Open Firmware commands that are safe to use include: eject-cd ejects the optical drive bye exits Open Firmware mac-boot exits Open Firmware

Precursor Systems A member of the Apple Consultants Network 386 Cordova Street • Winnipeg, MB • Canada, R3N 1A6 [email protected] • http://www.precursor.ca • (204) 793-1880 Reset SMC The System MAnagement Controller affects: Responding to presses of the power button Responding to the display lid opening and closing on portable Macs Battery management Thermal management The SMS (Sudden Motion Sensor) Ambient light sensing Keyboard backlighting Status Indicator Light (SIL) management Battery status indicator lights Selecting an external (instead of internal) video source for some iMac displays Apple recommends this ONLY after you have exhausted all other troubleshooting methods. (See knowledgebase # ht3964). Resetting SMC does not affect PRAM/NVRAM settings. To reset the Systme Management Controller on machines that have built-in non-removable batteries (mostly 2009 and later): On the built-in keyboard, press the (left side) Shift-Control-Op- tion keys and the power button at the same time. Then release together. Then press Power.

Target Display Mode (TDM) TDM allows you to use a supported iMac as an external display for another Mac computer using Mini DisplayPort or ThunderBolt cables. Selecting an external (instead of internal) video source for some iMac displays starting with the Late 2009 27" iMac. - Make sure both computers are turned on and awake. - Connect a male-to-male Mini DisplayPort or ThunderBolt cable to each computer. - Press Command-F2 on the keyboard of the iMac being used as a display to enable TDM. Note: In Keyboard System Preferences, if the checkbox is enabled for "Use all F1, F2, etc. keys as standard functions keys," the key combination changes to Command-Fn-F2. To leave TDM, press Command-F2 on the keyboard of the iMac that is in TDM. You can also exit TDM if you shutdown or sleep either computer or detach the cable.

Force PowerBook Screen Reset Holding down the “R” key (lowercase only) during bootup will cause a PowerBook to reset the display screen.

Precursor Systems A member of the Apple Consultants Network 386 Cordova Street • Winnipeg, MB • Canada, R3N 1A6 [email protected] • http://www.precursor.ca • (204) 793-1880