A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF BISHOP HILL LITERATURE

E. GUSTAV JOHNSON

One of the best known episodes in the history of Swedish immigration to America is the settling of the religious sect known as Erik Jansonists in what became known as the Bishop Hill Colony in Henry County, Illinois. The litera• ture about the colony is bountiful even though not much of original research has gone into it. The largest number of items in the following bibliography are simply repetitions of previously published accounts. The basic story is the one written by Capt. Eric Johnson, the son of the Prophet, published in 1880. Subsequent compilings of the history of the Swedes in America, most of them written in Swedish whether printed in Sweden or America, include a chapter on Bishop Hill and it is nearly always merely a rewriting of the Capt. Eric Johnson story. The first scholarly ap• proach to the subject and the first written in English is the Mikkelsen doctoral dissertation of 1892. American writers on Utopian experiments are dependent mainly on Mikkelsen for the Bishop Hill story. The Swedish writings on the Jansonist sect and published in Sweden have been for the most part critical exposés of the heresies of Janson's teachings and detailed accounts of the conflicts he and his followers experienced with the par• ish and state authorities. Such tracts have not generally been included in the bibliography listed here. The best and most complete treatment of the subject is the academic thesis by the historian Emil Herlenius entitled Erik-Jansis• mens historia, published in Jönköping in 1900. Several

109 other writings by Herlenius on sects and heterodox move• ments in Sweden are important also for the study of Erik Jansism. The selected bibliography which follows is arranged al• phabetically by the key name or word in brackets for each item. No attempt has been made to group them according to the significance or authenticity of the book or article, nor have they been separated according to the language in which they are written. Since those who might wish to make use of this bibliography will undoubtedly be familiar with both languages it has been thought unnecessary to make such divisions. The compiler would appreciate being advised of signifi• cant omissions that may have been noticed by readers.

A Selected Bibliography with Notes (ADELSVÄRD) "Glimpses from the Travel Letters of Baron Axel Adelsvärd 1855-1856," translated and edited by Frank• lin D. Scott, in Swedish Pioneer Historical Quarterly XI, No. 4 (October 1960) 145-154. —Letters written by Adel• svärd to his family in Sweden while traveling in the United States and Cuba in 1856. Portions of a letter dated May 8, 1856 tell of his visit to Bishop Hill, his favorable impression of the colony; the colonists are "industrious and diligent . . . kind and generous." (ANDERSSON, S.) "Något om Erik Jansismen, särskilt dess verksamhet i Alfta" by the Rev. S. Andersson, in Julhäls• ning till församlingarna i ärkestiftet 1923, pp. 86-100. Upp• sala, Almqvist & Wiksells boktryckeri, 1923. —Objective description of Janson and his sect in Sweden, their fanatical bookburning in Alfta parish, and finally their emigration. (ANDERSON, THEO.) 100 Years: A History of Bishop Hill. Also biographical sketches of many early Swedish pioneers in Illinois:. Collected and compiled by Theo. J. Anderson. Published by the compiler. Chicago, 111., 1946. —Re-print• ing Philip Stoneberg's Story of Bishop Hill; M. A. Mikkel• sen's article of 1892; The Semi-Centennial Celebration of 1896; State of Illinois assumes charge of the Old Colony Church and the Village Park 1945; Centennial Celebration 1946. Number of illustrations: Krans paintings, old photos, modern scenes, group pictures; and snapshots by Anderson.

110 (ANKARBERG) "Några avsnitt ur Bishop-Hill koloniens his• toria" by Karin Ankarberg in Historiska, studier tillägnade Folke Lindberg, 27 augusti, 1963, edited by Gunnar T. Westin et al. Stockholm, Svenska bokförlaget/Bonniers, 1983. —Pages 123-133 of this festschrift contain a concise presentation of the Bishop Hill story including the Califor• nia gold expedition, the material for which Miss Ankarberg derived from Jonas Olson's diary which she found in Spring• field, 111., in 1958.

(BENSON) "The Bishop Hill Colony" pp. 106-118 in Ameri• cans from Sweden by Adolph B. Benson and Naboth Hedin. The Peoples of America Series. Philadelphia, J. B. Lippin• cott Co., 1950. —In the "Historical Background" part of the book a section deals in a rather detailed way with the Jan• sonites and life and activity in Bishop Hill.

(BIGELOW) "The Bishop Hill Colony" by Hon. Hiram Bigelow in Transactions of the Illinois State Historical So• ciety for the year 1902. (Publication No. 7 of the Illinois State Historical Library). Pp. 101-108. Springfield, Illinois, Phillips Bros., State Printers, 1902. General story of the settlement and the sect; text of the charter of 1853; dissolu• tion of the colony and final disposition of the "Bishop Hill Case."

(BLEGEN) "Cleng Peerson and Norwegian Immigration" by Theodore C. Blegen in Mississippi Valley Historical Review, Vol. VII, No. 4 (March 1921) 303-331. —A brief reference to Bishop Hill and Cleng Peerson's connection with it is found on page 323.

(BREMER) "November 2, på Mississippi," in Hemmen i den nya verlden af Fredrika Bremer. Stockholm, P. A. Norstedt & Söner, 1853. Vol. II, pp. 364-366—Critical comments on the then newly established colony of Bishop Hill. At a stop near Rock Island on her Mississippi river journey on No• vember 2, 1850, Miss Bremer declined an invitation to visit Bishop Hill because "we would not understand each other though we speak the same language," but she received and recorded some pertinent information about it.

(CALKINS) A section headed "Bishop Hill" pp. 229-234 in They Broke the Prairie: Being Some Account of the Upper Mississippi Valley by Religious and Educational Pioneers, by Earnest Elmo Calkins. New York, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1937. —Comments on the colony's farming technique,

111 the architecture of its buildings ("strikingly foreign" he says) and its collection of primitive art (Krans' paintings). (CHAISER) "Genmäle af John Chaiser öfver De Tre Artik• larna i Sändebudet som författats utaf J. A. Gabrielson, A. J. Anderson och B. A. Carlson." Pamphlet, 96 pages, Bishop Hill, 1874. —A defence of the "Second Adventist" interpre• tation of Bible passages relating to eschatology and to bap• tism. In 1870 a large number of Bishop Hill people became "Second Adventists" and a church was organized. Chaiser was a prominent businessman in B. H. The pamphlet is a curiosity, one of very few B. H. imprints.

(E. N-R.) "En fanatisk bokbrännare och en tragisk pilgrims• färd. Något om Erik Jansarna i Hälsingland och deras jordkulekoloni i Bishop Hill i Illinois." Av E. N-r. In På Guds vägar (pp. 73-84) Minneapolis Veckoblad Publishing Co., Printers. No date, possibly 1929. —Of no particular significance. Refers to the "recent fire" which destroyed the long brick building. (EKMAN) "Söderala. Erik-jansismen." Chapter IX, pp. 802- 824 in Den Inre Missionens Historia, af E. J. Ekman. Andra delen; förra hälften, omfattande de andliga rörelserna i Norrland och Svealand under 1840-och 1850-talet. Stock• holm, E. J. Ekmans Förlagsexpedition, 1898. —Detailed ac• count of the origin and development of the Jansonist move• ment in Sweden and a brief account of life in Bishop Hill, Illinois. (ENGSTRAND) They Sought for Paradise by Stuart David Engstrand. A novel. New York, Harper & Brothers, 1936. 272 pages. —A well written piece of fiction on the Eric Janson sect, based on historical records. (ERDAHL) "Eric Janson and the Bishop Hill Colony" by Sivert Erdahl. Journal of the Illinois State Historical So• ciety, XVIII, No. 3 (October 1925) 503-574. —A quite com• plete presentation of the colony and its founders including a long section on the sect in Sweden, seemingly based exclu• sively on printed sources: the Johnson-Peterson book of 1880, Mikkelsen, Herlenius, E. W. Olson, Swainson, etc. (ESBJÖRN) Brev från L. P. Esbjörn till P. Wieselgren (dated May 23, 1850) in Emigranterna och Kyrkan: Brev från och till svenskar i Amerika 1849-1892 med inledning och register försedda och utgivna av Gunnar Westin. Stock• holm, Svenska Kyrkans Diakonistyrelses Bokförlag, 1932. 112 Pp. 42-45. —Comments contemptuously on Janson's poor business affairs, on Root and the fatal shot in the courthouse in Cambridge ten days before the letter was written. (GLADH) "Till hälsingeläseriets och erikjansismens karak• teristik": Aktstycken utgivna av teol. lic, fil kand. Henrik Gladh. In Kyrkohistorisk Årsskrift, Vol. 47, Uppsala, 1947, pages 186-212. —Selections from Uppsala domkapitels arkiv's section entitled "Handlingar angående Eric Janssons irrlära" in which are reports from parish offices in Gävle• borg's län, dated February 1846, answering the governor's question as to whether or not the so called läseriet (pietism) had prepared the way for the Janson heresy.

(GUIDE) Official Guide to the Old Colony Church and Cata• logue of the Collection of Pioneer Relics of Bishop Hill. State of Illinois, Division of Parks and Memorials. Centen• nial issue, 1946. Booklet: 22 pages. —Description of Old Colony Church, catalog of collection of pioneer relics: do• nated articles, loans, and individual collections exhibited for the centennial, scores of items described. (HAVIGHURST) "From Helsingland to Bishop Hill." Chapter 10, pp. 117-127 in Upper Mississippi: A Wilderness Saga, by Walter Havighurst. (Rivers of America Books). New York, Rinehart & Company, Inc., 1944. —General account of the Jansonites with emphasis on life and work in Bishop Hill. Havighurst spells the name of the prophet Eric Jansen. (HEDIN-BENSON) "Svensk bosättning i Illinois: Kolonien i Bishop Hill," in Vår svenska stam på utländsk mark: I Väs• terled, edited by Naboth Hedin and Adolph B. Benson. Göteborg, Riksföreningen för svenskhetens bevarande i ut• landet, 1952. —A portion of this chapter (pp. 134-150) deals with Bishop Hill—a general history with emphasis on the social and economic aspects of life in the colony. (See also p. 127 for Capt. Wirstrom's connection with Bishop Hill.) (HERLENIUS) Erik-Jansismens historia. Ett bidrag till kän• nedomen om det svenska sektväsendet af Emil Herlenius. Booklet of 138 pages. Jönköping, Lundgrenska Boktrycker• iet, 1900. —A carefully, objectively written and well docu• mented history of the sect and the colony. In an appendix are given court documents and official statements in English. (HOKANSON) Brief comment on the Bishop Hill Colony (pp. 42-44) in Swedish Immigrants in Lincoln's Time by Nels Hokanson, New York, Harper & Bros, 1942. —Brief

113 mention of the Colony; a paragraph on its buildings; quotes the Rock Island Republican of Dec. 17,1851. (HOLLOWAY) "Racial and Religious Communism," pp. 164- 168, in Heavens on Earth: Utopian Communities in America 1680-1880, by Mark Holloway. New York, Library Publish• ers, 1951. —"The appalling poverty," he says, "was rapidly transformed [in Bishop Hill] into wealthy prosperity; its ruin came through financial speculation."

(JANSON, ERIK1) Afskedstal till alla Sveriges innevånare som har föraktadt mig, den Jesus hafver sänt, eller förka• stadt det namnet Erik Janson såsom orent, . . . o.s.v. Tryckt från det originala manuskriptet af år 1846. Galva, 111. En• terprise Print. Co. Small (4x6) pamphlet of 12 pages. Date of printing not indicated; possibly in the 1880's or later. Contains also "Eric Jansons afskeds psalm"—a poem of eight stanzas.

(JANSON, ERIK2) Förklaring över Den Heliga Skrift eller Katekes affattad i frågor och svar, af Erik Janson. Galva, Illinois, 1903. 158 pages. —A peculiar compilation of re• ligious beliefs illogically and irrationally presented. This edition is evidently a late reprint of the Söderhamn issue of 1846 and is of special interest because of the late Galva im• print. (JANSON F.) "The Dissenters of Sweden: The Jansonite movement." Chapter VI, pp. 180-184, in The Background of Swedish Immigration, 1840-1930, by Florence E. Janson. Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, 1931. —General account of the Jansonites, based largely on E. W. Olson's account, but with references to Swedish press of the 1840's and 1850's.

(JOHNSON-PETERSON) "Bishop Hill-koloniens historia," pages 22-61 in Svenskarne i Illinois: Historiska antecknin• gar samlade och utgifna of Eric Johnson och C. F. Peterson. Chicago 1880. —The most detailed and authentic story of the colony sympathetically told by the son of the Prophet who came there with his parents as a child and grew up there. A captain in the Union army in the Civil War, John• son became rather prominent as a publisher and public offi• cial. (LAGERBERG) "The Bishop Hill Colonists in the Gold Rush" by Matt Lagerberg, an article in Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, Vol. XLVIII, No. 4 (Winter 1955) 466- 114 489. —Mr. Lagerberg describes the diary of Jonas Olson of Bishop Hill who with eight other colonists went to Califor• nia in 1850 to dig gold. The diary was found in Los Angeles in 1955 in the home of Olson's granddaughter; after parts of it were translated the original was given to the Illinois State Historical Library, Springfield, Illinois. (See item under Ankarberg.)

(LANDIN) Erik-Jansismen i Helsingland. Historisk och dog• matisk framställning jemte wederläggning af läran. Gefle, A. P. Landin, 1845. 204 pages. —Episodes in the conflicts between the Erik-Jansonists and the state church recorded practically at the time they occurred. Shows in what re• spect the doctrines of the sect deviate from the Lutheran teaching. (LIFE) "Speaking of Pictures . . . Paintings Tell Story of Prairie Communal Town." Life, Vol. 16, No. 5 (January 31, 1944) 10-12. A two-page spread of pictures by Krans, the colony painter, of three farm scenes, 24 portraits of original settlers, and three photos: Girl holding picture of great- great-grandfather; Krans' self-portrait held by the painter's nephew, and view of Old Colony Church.

(LILJEGREN) "Bishop Hill," a brief chapter (pp. 200-203) in Svenska Metodismen i Amerika af N. M. Liljegren, N. O. Westergreen och C. G. Wallenius. Chicago, Svenska M. E. Bokhandels-föreningens förlag, 1895. —The preaching of Methodist preachers in Bishop Hill 1861-1864, led to the establishment of a Methodist church there in 1865.

(LINDER) "Bishop Hill Colony" (pp. 37-47) part of Chap• ter "The Story of Illinois" by Oliver A. Linder in Vol. I of The Swedish Element in America, edited by Erik G. West- man and E. Gustav Johnson. Chicago, Swedish-American Biographical Society, 1931. —A well written general ac• count of the sect from its origin in Sweden through its his• tory at Bishop Hill, but evidently based mainly on Eric Johnson's account in the Johnson-Peterson book of 1880.

(LINDORM) "Erik Jansismen"—a two-page spread of pic• tures, facsimiles and brief captions, in Från Delaware till Garbo. En bokfilm till Delaware-jubileet 1938, Redigerad av Erik Lindorm. Stockholm, Åhlen & Åkerlunds förlag (Albert Bonnier) 1937. Large format (11x15%), deluxe printing. Pages 10 and 11 contain facsimilies of Janson's handwriting, a page from his "Farewell Speech," title-pages 115 of his hymnal and his catechism; photos of Colony church and "Old Brick." (LINDSTROM) "The Bishop Hill Settlement" by David E. Lindstrom, pp. 55-62 in Yearbook 1945 of the American Swedish Historical Museum, Philadelphia, 1945. —A very well written condensed presentation of the colony in antici• pation of its centennial. (MIKKELSEN) The Bishop Hill Colony; A Religious Com• munistic Settlement in Henry County, Illinois by Michael A. Mikkelsen, A.M. Vol. I of Tenth Series of Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science. Balti• more, The Johns Hopkins Press, 1892. 82 pages. —The first scholarly piece of writing on the Colony based on research and primary material. The author, whose socio-economic investigation was the main part of his doctoral dissertation, visited Bishop Hill and interviewed many of its oldtimers.

(MORTON) "Bishop Hill: An Experiment in Communal Living" by Stratford Lee Morton. In the magazine Antiques, Vol. XLIII, No. 2 (February 1943) 74-77. —A well written article on the general aspects of the colony, its life and its manufactures and business. Illustrations: two of the Krans paintings, and illustrations of utensils and furniture made in the colony.

(NEWS-VIEWS) A two page spread (11x15%) of rotograv• ure reproductions of Bishop Hill pictures in News-Views (a weekend supplement of the Chicago Daily News) for Saturday October 30, 1943, with brief paragraph captions. Pictures shown are the Krans paintings: "Women planting corn," and "Men sowing flax," and photos (by Russell Hansen) of Colony Church, Clock Tower, grave monument, and postoffice.

(NELSON, HELGE) "Bishop Hill—The First Swedish Settle• ment in Illinois," a chapter (pp. 160-165) in The Swedes and the Swedish Settlements in North America by Helge Nelson. Lund, C. W. K. Gleerup Co., 1943. —Brief account of the Colony based on E. W. Olson and the Johnson-Peter• son book of 1880.)

(NELSON, H. G.) "Illinois To Preserve Bishop Hill Colony," by Herman G. Nelson in The American Swedish Monthly, 40:10 (Oct. 1946) pp. 12, 24-26. —General comments on the colony in view of the centennial of its founding and the as- 116 sumption by the State of Illinois of the responsibility for its upkeep. (NORDHOFF) "The Bishop Hill Commune" pp. 343-349 in The Communistic Societies of the United States: From Per• sonal Visit and Observation by Charles Nordhoff. First pub• lished 1875. Reprinted by Hillary House Publ. Ltd., New York, 1960. —Life, work and business of the colony. "After a nourishing career of seven years [it] has now become ex• tinct . . ." Shows "causes which work against harmony and success in such a society."

(NORELIUS1) "Om Erik Janson och Bishop Hill-kolonien" Chapter III (pp. 61-84) in De svenska luterska församlin• garnas och svenskarnas historia i Amerika: Ett bidrag, af Erik Norelius. Rock Island, 111., Lutheran Augustana Book Concern, 1890. —A critical account of the colony and its men, based mainly on Capt. Eric Johnson's story.

(NORELIUS2) "A Visit to Bishop Hill," a chapter (pp. 229- 230) in Early Life of Eric Norelius 1833-1862; His own story rendered into English by Emory Johnson. Rock Island, 111., Augustana Book Concern, 1934. —In his memoirs Norelius as a young theological student, tells of his visit to Bishop Hill in 1854. "The whole institution left a dismal impression on my mind," he said.

(NORIN1) Drömmen om Kanaan, av Wiktor Norin. A novel. Stockholm, Gummesons Bokförlag, 1950. 300 pages. —A strongly fictionalized story of the origin and development of the Eric Jansonist cult in Sweden.

(NORIN2) Folket vid Floden, av Wiktor Norin. A novel. Stockholm, Gummesons Bokförlag, 1952. 212 pages. —A highly romanticized account of the arrival and settlement of the Jansonists in Bishop Hill; life in the colony and its liquidation in 1860.

(OLSON, E. W.1) "The Bishop Hill Colony," chapter IV in History of the Swedes of Illinois, edited by Ernst W. Olson, et al. Two volumes. Chicago, The Engberg-Holmberg Pub• lishing Co., 1908. —The chapter on Bishop Hill (Vol. 1:197- 270) is the story of the origin and development of the sect in Sweden, its opposition to the state church, the activity of Erik Jansson and his emigration, the establishing of the colony and the full story of its ups and downs; a very good history, but based, of course, on secondary sources. 117 (OLSON, E. W.2) "Erik Jansons epistlar till de Bishophill• are." Letters reprinted in "Relikvarium" af Ernst W. Olson, in Ungdomsvännen (Rock Island) 22:1 (Jan. 1917) 16-19. —The letters, dated April 17 and 20,1850, written by Janson from St. Louis, were addressed to the members of the colony as a whole. They are concerned with the business matters which at that time weighed heavily on the Prophet's mind.

(OLSON, E. W.8) "The Bishop Hill Colony," a part (pp. 124- 131) of chapter entitled "The Older Settlements" by Dr. Ernst W. Olson, in Americans of Swedish Descent: How They Live and Work, compiled by Gösta Nyblom. Rock Island, 111., G. Nyblom Publishing House, 1948. —A history of the Colony rewritten by Dr. Olson from his previously published account. (PETERSON) "Bishop Hill: Vår svensk-amerikanska moder• koloni" by C. F. Peterson, in Valkyrian (New York) Vol. II: No. 6 (June 1898) 300-304. —A general sketch of the colony: brief character sketches (with photos) of Jonas Olson, Eric Bergland, and Capt. Eric Johnson. (SKARSTEDT) "Bishop Hill kolonien i Illinois"—a section (pp. 36-40) in Svensk-Amerikanska folket i helg och söcken by Ernest Skarstedt. Stockholm, Björck & Börjesson, 1917. —Brief but well written sketch of the colony and the sect. (SKOGSBERGH) "Bishop Hill väckelsen," a section (pp. 183- 189) in Minnen och upplevelser av E. Aug. Skogsbergh. Minneapolis (n.d. 1925?) Veckobladets Tryckeri. —In his reminiscences the famous evangelist was not always able to distinguish between actual happenings and imagined ones, but that a Skogsbergh "revival" took place in Bishop Hill early in 1880 is recorded also in the Johnson-Peterson his• tory, page 443. (SÖDERBLOM) "Ett besök i Bishop Hill." Pp. 179-197, in En Amerikabok av Anna Söderblom. Stockholm, Svenska kyrkans diakonistyrelses bokförlag, 1925. —Description of what she saw in 1925; glimpses of the colony's history; visits with old remaining settlers. (SOUVENIR) "1846—-Historical Bishop Hill—1946" Bishop Hill Centennial Souvenir; Sept. 22-24, 1946. A booklet of 104 pages of which 40 pages contain advertisements and paid notices of congratulations on the anniversary, and 64 pages of a series of historical essays and biographical sketch• es of Bishop Hill residents, by Emmelyne Arnquist Hed- 118 strom, with many illustrations. The material had previously been published serially in weekly installments in The Daily Dispatch, Moline, beginning with March 28, 1946 and end• ing with the June 6, 1946, issue.

(STEPHENSON1) "Astrology and Theology" by George M. Stephenson, in Swedish-American Historical Bulletin, Vol. II, No. 3 (August 1929) 53-89. —The "astrology" part is on the quack, Dr. C. W. Roback, the "theology" part is about Erik Janson and is largely a character sketch cleverly writ• ten.

(STEPHENSON2) "Eric-Jansonism and the Bishop Hill Colony"—Chapter IV (pp. 49-73) in The Religious Aspects of Swedish Immigration by George M. Stephenson. Minne• apolis, The University of Minnesota Press, 1932. —Schol• arly and well documented presentation of the entire story by an able historian—by far the best that has been written on the colony and its people.

(STONEBERG1) "Bishop Hill koloniens industriella lif," by Philip J. Stoneberg, an article in Vinter-rosor 1908 (pp. 89- 78). Chicago, The Swedish M. E. Book Concern, 1908. —The industrial life of Bishop Hill is described by a distinguished son of the colony whose historical writings are accurate and dependable.

(STONEBERG2) "The Bishop Hill Colony" by Philip J. Stone• berg, a chapter (Vol. I, pp. 621-651) in The History of Henry County, Illinois by Henry L. Kiner. Chicago, The Pioneer Publ. Co., 1910. —The complete, authentic and de• tailed story, objectively and competently written by a son of the Colony.

(STONEBERG3) "The Bishop Hill Colony" by Philip Stone• berg. A chapter (pp. 37-61) in The Swedish Element in Illinois: Survey of the Past Seven Decades, edited by Ernst W. Olson. Chicago, Swedish American Biographical Asso• ciation 1917. —A concise factual history, by a son of the colony, and with biographical sketches of a few of its lead• ers based on personal contact.

(STONEBERG4) "The Bishop Hill Colony and the Notes of the Western Exchange Fire & Marine Insurance Co.", by Philip J. Stoneberg, in The Numismatist, Vol. XXX, No. 11 (No• vember 1917) 462-464. —Contains a brief historical sketch of the Colony and the business connections by means of which the Colony issued paper money; the crash of 1857 in-

119 terfered. "It is thought," says Stoneberg, "that none of the notes of the colony issue were ever circulated." Four of the bank notes are shown in illustrations. (STRÅLE, OLSON) Erik-Jansonisternas historia, (n. p., n. d.) —Book of 156 pages, printed in Galva (?) containing ver• sions of stories and episodes in the prosecution of the sect in Sweden written by Anna Maria Stråle, Jonas Olson, and others. The title-page has the notation "Pris 25 cents." Evi• dently published in Bishop Hill, probably in the decade 1884-1894. (SWAINSON) "Swedish Colony at Bishopshill, Illinois" by Major John Swainson. A chapter in History of the Scandin• avians and Successful Scandinavians in the United States, compiled and edited by O. N. Nelson. Minneapolis, Minn., O. N. Nelson, publisher, 1893. Pp. 135-152. —A quite com• plete and sympathetic story of the colony. (SWANK) Historic Henry County. Reprints of articles by George Swank in the Galva (111.) News, Galva, 1941. These articles were printed weekly in the Galva News between July 25, 1940 and March 27, 1941, and then collected into a pamphlet. The subject material is made up of local his• tory, personal and communal, of Henry County. Many deal with Swedish settlements: Andover, Opheim, Woodhull, and Galva. Bishop Hill is referred to in several articles, but two are especially devoted to the colony and its people (pp. 23- 30 in the pamphlet). Since Mr. Swank interviewed a large number of the older generation, the stories are authentic; four scenes are reproduced. (UNONIUS) "Besök hos Erik Jansonska kolonien; om kolon• iens uppkomst och utveckling" in Minnen från en sjutton• årig vistelse i Nordvestra Amerika af Gustaf Unonius. Vol. II, pp. 384-386. Andra upplagan. Uppsala, W. Schultz's för• lag, 1862. —Critical account of the Colony and particularly of the Prophet; much about the Roth case; the decline of the spiritual fervor. —In the English translation of this work: A Pioneer in Northwest America 1841-1858, edited by Nils William Olsson; Vol. II, Chicago, Swedish Pioneer Historical Society, 1960, this portion is on pp. 202-214 of this work.

(WALDENSTRÖM) "I Bishop Hill." Part of chapter 39 (pp. 382-388) in Genom Norra Amerikas Förenta Stater. Rese• skildringar af P. Waldenström. Chicago, 111., The Mission Friends Publ. Co: s Förlag; Stockholm, A. L. Normans för• lagsexpedition, 1890. —Brief account of Jansonism in Swe- 120 den, and life and struggles in Bishop Hill. "P. W." visited the town in 1889 and preached in the Old Colony Church. A picture of the church is on p. 321 in the book.

(WEBBER) "Bishop Hill, Swedish Commune in Illinois," is a section (pp. 274-277) of chapter 15 in Escape to Utopia: The Communal Movement in America by Everett Webber. New York, Hastings House Publishers, 1959. —Brief sketch of Bishop Hill with emphasis on its troubles and mismanage• ment. The dust jacket of the book has a reproduction of the Olaf Krans painting "Planting Corn at Bishop Hill."

(WIDÉN1) "Bishop Hill: A Coming Centennial" by Albin Widen, in The American-Scandinavian Review, 30:3 (Sept. 1942) pp. 217-227. —The history of the colony is briefly but well reviewed, the natural aspects described, life and be• liefs are discussed; several of the Olaf Krans paintings are presented in fine halftones.

(WIDÉN2) När svensk-amerika grundades. Emigrant brev med kommentarer av Albin Widén. Utgiven av distrikts• logen Norra Sverige n: r 19 och distriktslogen Södra Sverige n: r 20, Vasa Orden av Amerika. (AB Tryckericentralen, Borås) n.d. (1961?) —Letters from Swedish settlers in Illi• nois to people in Sweden, especially to Bailiff J. E. Ekblom, Torstuna, from Anders Larson in Chicago, dated from 1847 to 1880. This manuscript collection of correspondence and notes, deposited in 1921 in landsarkivet in Uppsala, is called the Anna Lindevall Samling. A selection of these letters was made by Widén who edited them and supplied a run• ning commentary. The Lindevall Samling is a very valu• able source of information on Bishop Hill.

(WITTING) "Erik-jansarne—Bishop Hill-kolonien," Chapter V (pp. 85-106) in Minnen från mitt lif som sjöman, immi• grant och predikant; samt en historisk afhandling af metod• ismens uppkomst, etc. Andra upplagan, med ett tillägg. Worcester, Mass., 1904. —A favorable account of the colony and its men, especially those who became Methodists. Based on Witting's own observations in his personal contacts with the Colony.

(VIKING) "Sixtieth Anniversary of the Settlement of Bishop Hill, Henry County, Illinois." The Viking (a month• ly published by Eric Johnson, son of the founder of Bishop Hill) Fremont, Nebraska. Vol. I, No. 5 (Nov. 1906) pp. 6-9. No. 6 (Dec. 1906) pp. 4-11, 19. —The anniversary proceed-

121 ings were reported in detail, presumably by Eric Johnson himself. Speeches delivered are reproduced in extenso. Two large full page group pictures show "colonists and their des• cendants 1906." —In the same publication (Vol. I, No. 9, [March 1907] pp. 9, 10, 18, 19) Eric Johnson started a his• tory of the colony, "Swedish Colony at Bishop Hill, Illinois," with biographical sketches of its founders and some per• sonal reminiscences after fifty years, but this first chapter was all that was published. The Viking ceased publication with this ninth issue of the first volume.

(YOUNGERT) "Kolonien Bishop Hill" part of a chapter en• titled "Illinois" (pp. 252-255) by S. G. Youngert in Vol. I of Svenskarna i Amerika, Karl Hildebrand and Axel Fredenholm, editors. Stockholm, AB Historiska Förlaget, 1924. —Brief story of the colony based on previously print• ed accounts.

(70TH ANNIVERSARY) Celebration of the Seventieth Anni• versary of the Founding of the Bishop Hill Colony. Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, Vol. IX, (October 1916) 344-356. —An account of the proceedings on Sept. 23, 1916. Excerpts from speech by P. J. Stoneberg. John Root was master of ceremonies. Text of the speeches by Henry S. Henschen and Congressman E. J. King. List of relics ex• hibited.

(75TH ANNIVERSARY) Historic Bishop Hill 1846-1921. Illus• trated Souvenir: Seventy-Fifth Anniversary. A booklet containing six pages of a historical sketch and 26 pages of nicely reproduced photos of local scenes and groups.

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