Appendix Radiometric age data for

A summary of K-Ar, Rb-Sr and Ar-Ar age data for which Publication), and the SEAges Database (2004) http://www.gl. methods and locations are documented. The summary is updated rhul.ac.UK/seasia. Additional information kindly provided by from the compilations by McCourt et al. (1996; Supplementary Professors Robert Hall and Herv6 Bellon.

Table AI. Radiometric age dates of volcanics and for the intrusion and cooling of plutons related to the Palaeozoic volcanism and plutonism in Sumatra

Lithology Dating method Age (Ma) Reference

Granite clast, Cucut No. l well (source rock not identified) K-Ar, ? 348 • 10 Koning & Darmono ([984) East Sumatra Plutonic Arc Kiri Well, Granite Rb-Sr, ? 427 • 42 Eubank & Makki (1981) Kiri Well, Granite Rb-Sr, ? 335 • 43 Eubank & Makki (1981) Set•1774 well, Granite* Rb-Sr, feldspar 298 • 39 Katili (1973) Idris No. 1 well Rb-Sr, ? 295 • 3 Koning & Darmono (1984) Set•1775 well Granite* Rb-Sr, feldspar 276 • 20 Katili (1973) Volcanic and Plutonic Belt VOLCANICS Silungkang area, andesite K-Ar, ? 248 • l0 Nishimura et aI. (1978) PL UTONS Singkarak (Ombilin) Granite* K-Ar, muscovite 287 • 3.5 Hahn & Weber (1981b) Singkarak (Ombilin) Granite K-Ar, ? 277 • 13 Suwarna et al. (2000) Granite Rb-Sr, isochron 264 _+ 6 Aspden et al. (1982b) Sibolga Granite Rb-Sr, ? whole rock 257 • 24 Fontaine & Gafoer (1989) Singkarak (Ombilin) Granite Rb-Sr, muscovite 256 • 6 Silitonga & Kastowo (1975) Singkarak (Ombilin) Granite K-Ar, ? 246 • 7 Koning & Aulia (1985) Sijunjung Granite K-Ar, biotite 246 • 12 Sato (1991)

*Suspected presence of de|brmation Locations in Figs 5. l & 6. l

Table A2. Radiometric age dates of volcanics and /br the intrusion and cooling plutons related to the Triassic-Early Jurassic" Plutonic Episode in Sumatra

Lithology Dating method Age (Ma) Reference

West Sumatra Plutonic Arc" (Eastern Province-type granites) Sibolga Granite K-At, hornblende 219 • 4 Hehuwat (1976) Sibolga Granite K-Ar, biotite 211 • 5 Aspden et al. (1982b) Sibolga Granite t K-Ar. biotite 211 • 3 Hehuwat (1976) Sibolga Granite K-Ar biotite 206 _ 3 Fontaine & Gafoer (1989) Sibolga Granite t K-Ar biotite 206 + 2 Fontaine & Gafoer (1989) Sibolga satellite Granite K-At biotite 217 • 4 Fontaine & Gafoer (1989) Sibolga satellite Granite K-Ar biotite 212 _+ 3 Fontaine & Gafoer (1989) Sumpur Granite t Rb-Sr feldspar 216 Hehuwat (1976) Sumpur Granite ~ Rb-Sr. biotite 215 Hehuwat (1976) Sumpur Granite1- K-Ar biotite 215 ___ 3 Hahn & Weber (1981b) Tantan-Dusunbaru Granite K-At feldspar 209 • 3 Fontaine & Gafoer (1989) Tantan-Dusunbaru Granite K-At amphibole 201 • 5 Fontaine & Gafoer (1989) Tantan-Dusunbaru Granite K-Ar whole rock 199 • 4 Fontaine & Gafoer (1989) Singkarak Granite K-Ar, biotite 206 • 3 Fontaine & Gafoer (1989) SE Padangsimpuan* K-Ar, biotite 202 • 2 Wikarno et al. (1993) Sulit Air Diorite K-Ar, biotite 203 • 6 McCourt & Cobbing (1993) Sulit Air (98/8) no plateau 4~ hornblende 193 • 4 Imtihanah (2000) Sulit Air (98/7) steps 1050- 1175~ 4~ hornblende 192 • 0.4 hntihanah (2000) Sulit Air Diorite K-Ar, hornblende 183 • 13 McCourt & Cobbing (1993) Sulit Air Diorite K-Ar, hornblende/biotite 149 • 5 McCourt & Cobbing (1993) Ganting Granite (Sulit Air) K-At, ? 149 • 3 Koning & Aulia (1985)

(continued)

260

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Table A4. Continued

Lithology Dating method Age (Ma) Reference

Atar (Sulit Air) Granodiorite K-Ar, biotite 147 • 2 Hahn & Weber (1981b) Sulit Air Diorite K-Ar, hornblende/biotite 141 • 5 McCourt & Cobbing (1993) Sulit Air Diorite K-Ar, hornblende 138 • 3 McCourt & Cobbing (1993) (Main Range Province type granites) Sijunjung Granite K-Ar, hornblende, biotite 206 • 3 Silitonga & Kastowo (1975) Muarasipongi Granite K-Ar, biotite 197 • 2 Rock et al. (1983)

Medial Sumatra Tectonic Zone (Main Range Province granites) Kayumambang Granite K-At, biotite 198 • 2 Schwartz et al. (1987) Sungai Isahan Granite-greisen K-Ar, muscovite 197 • 2 Schwartz et al. (1987) Sungai Isahan Granite-greisen K-Ar, muscovite 193 + 2 Schwartz et al. (1987) Rokan Granite* K-Ar, biotite 189 • 2 Rock et al. (1983) Rokan Granite* K-Ar, biotite 186+ 2 Rock et al. (1983)

East Sumatra, Indosinian Foreland (Main Range Province granites) Idris No. 1 well, Granite K-At, muscovite 208 • 7 Koning & Darmono (1984) Idris No. 1 well, Granite K-Ar, albite 206 • 8 Koning & Darmono (1984) Idris No. 1 well K-Ar, albite 206 • 8 Koning & Darmono (1984) Beruk NE No. 4 well K-Ar, ? 203 + 4 Koning & Darmono (1984) Garnet-muscovite-tourmaline microgranite

Indosinian Collision Zone in Archipelago, Bangka and Bill• (Main Range & Eastern Province granites) Penangas-Belinyu Granite, Bangka Rb-Sr. isochron 252 • 8 Cobbing et al. (1992) Belinyu Granite, Bangka Rb-Sr. isochron 251 • l0 Cobbing et al. (1992) East Bintang Granite, Bintan Rb-Sr. isochron 229 • 7 Cobbing et al. (1992) Lagoi Granite, Bintan Rb-Sr. isochron 226 • 8 Cobbing et al. (1992) Toboali Granite, Bangka Rb-Sr. isochron 225 -I- 9 Cobbing et al. (1992) Pading Granite, Bangka Rb-Sr. isochron 223 • 16 Cobbing et al. (1992) Menumbing Granite, Bangka Rb-Sr. biotite 217 • 5 Priem & Bon (1982) Menumbing Granite, Bangka Rb-Sr. whole rock 217 _+ 5 Priem & Bon (1982) Tanjong Pandang Granite, Belitung Rb-Sr. isochron 216 • 3 Cobbing et al. (1992) Parangbuloh Granite 2sp, Belitung K-Ar, biotite 216 • 6 Priem & Bon (1982) Parangbuloh Granite, Belitung Rb-Sr, biotite 216 • 6 Priem & Bon (1982) Parangbuloh Granite, Belitung Rb-Sr whole rock 216 • 6 Priem & Bon (1982) Kelapa Granite, Bangka K-Ar, biotite 216 • 6 Priem & Bon (1982) Kelapa Granite, Bangka Rb-Sr, biotite 215 • 5 Priem & Bon (1982) Kelapa Granite, Bangka Rb-Sr whole rock 215 • 5 Priem & Bon (1982) Menumbing Granite, Bangka K-Ar, biotite 214 • 6 Priem & Bon (1982) Menumbing Granite, Bangka Rb-Sr isochron 200 + 4 Cobbing et al. (1992) Permisan Granite, Bangka Rb-Sr isochron 213 • 4 Cobbing et al. (1992) Pemali Megacrystic Granite, Bangka Rb-Sr errorchron 2! 1 • 3 Schwartz & Surjono (1991) Pemali Granite, Bangka K-Ar, biotites 159 - 95 Schwartz et al. (1995) Parangbuloh Granite, Belitung Rb-Sr, biotite 206 • 6 Priem & Bon (1982) Tikus Granite greisen Belitung K-Ar, muscovite 200 • 6 Jones et al. (1977) B. Pancur Granite greisen Belitung K-Ar, muscovite 195 • 6 Jones et al. (1977) Dabo Granite, Singkep Rb-Sr, 'errorchron' 193 • 12 Cobbing et al. (1992)

*Deformation suspected. tLocation of sample point uncertain. Locations in Figs 5.1, 5.2 & in references.

Table A3. Radiometric age dates of volcanics and for the intrusion and cooling of plutons related to the Mesozoic Volcanic and Plutonic Episodes and Phases in Sumatra

Lithology Dating method Age (Ma) Reference

Mid Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Volcanic and Plutonic Episode (180-129 Ma) VOLCANICS Tanjung Siantu, metabasalt, Belitung K-Ar, whole rock* 181 • 5 Priem et al. (1975) Palangki, andesite K-Ar, ? 143 • 4 Koning & Aulia (1985) Silungkang area, andesite K-Ar, ? 140 • 10 Suwarna et al. (2000) Gumai Mts, basic volcanic K-Ar, ? 122 + 4 Gafoer et al. (1992c) Lembak AI well, andes• K-At, ? 121 • 2 Pulunggono & Cameron (1984)

PLUTONS Kayumambang Granite K-Ar, whole rock 180+ 7 Simandjuntak et al. (1991) Kayumabang Granite K-At, biotite 124_ 5 And• Mangga et al. (2000)

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Table A4. Continued

Lithology Dating method Age (Ma) Reference

Kayumabang Granite K-Ar, biotite 123 • 1 And• Mangga et al. (2000) Beruk NE No. 2 muscovite-tourmaline granite K-At, ? 179 • 5 Koning & Darmono (1984) Lubuk Terap Granite K-Ar, ? 175 + 5 Koning & Aulia (1985) Bungo Batholith Granite K-Ar, biotite 169 -4- 5 McCourt & Cobb• (1993) Bungo Batholith Granodiorite K-Ar, hornblende 156 + 6 McCourt & Cobbing (1993) Bungo Batholith Granodiorite K-Ar, hornblende 154 + 7 McCourt & Cobbing (1993) Bungo Batholith Granite K-Ar, biotite 153 • 4 McCourt & Cobbing (1993) Bungo Batholith Quartz diorite K-At, biotite 148 -4- 4 McCourt & Cobbing (1993) Bungo Batholith Quartz diorite K-Ar, hornblende 131 -4- 7 McCourt & Cobbing (1993) Bungo Batholith Granite K-At, biotite 129 -4- 4 McCourt & Cobb• (1993) Berhala Island, gabbro K-Ar, ? 167 Katili (1973) S. Salai Porphyritic Granite* K-Ar, whole rock 166 -4- 3 Suwarna et at. (1991) Tebingtinggi 1 well, Granite K-Ar, ? whole rock 160 -4- 3 Anon (1983) Duabelas Mts. Granite K-At, ?biotite 159 -4- 6 Simandjuntak et al. (1991) Muarasipongi Granite Rb-Sr, isochron 158 -4- 23 Beddoe-Stephens et al. (1987) Kluang Utara-49 well Granite K-At, ? 153 -4- 5 Pulunggono et al. (1992) Way Sulan Gabbro K-Ar, hornblende 151 + 4 McCourt & Cobbing (1993; map) Bungsu-1 well Granite, Beruk K-At, muscovite 150 -4- 2 Koning & Darmono (1984) Tanjung Laban-1 well Granite K-Ar, ? 149 -4- 4 Putunggono et at. (I992) Sibolga satellite Granite K-Ar, biotite 147 -4- 2 Aspden et al. (1982b) Tanjung Gadang Granite Rb-Sr, ? 145 -4- 4 Pulungonno & Cameron (1984) Sibolga satellite Granite K-At, hornblende 144 • 2 Aspden et al. (1982b) S. Mentaus, Porphyritic Granite t K-At, whole rock 144 4- 3 Suwarna et al. ( 1991 ) S. Muara, Porphyritic Granite Tigapuluh Mrs. K-Ar, whole rock 135 • 3 Suwarna et al. (1991) Kiri Granite* K-At, ? 134 -4- I Eubank & Makki (1981) S. Manggajahan Biotite Granite K-Ar, whole rock 128 +_ 3 J1CA (1990) Pakning No. 1 well, Granite K-Ar, muscovite 122 • 2 Eubank & Makki (1981) Panyabungan Batholith K-Ar, biotite 121 -4- 1 Rock et al. (1983) Late Cretaceous Volcanic and Plutonic Episode (120-75 Ma) VOLCANICS Lubuk Paruku, tuff K-Ar, ? 105 • 3 Koning & Aulia (1985) Tambak Baru Volcanic Unit K-Ar, whole rock 78.4 • 2.5 Wajzer et ell. (1991) Gumai area, andesite K-At, ? 78 + 3 Suwarna et al. (2000) Palepat area, andes• K-Ar, ? 75 _+ I Suwarna et ell. (2000)

PL UTONS Gunung Mang Diorite, Belitung K-Ar, whole rock 120 • 4 Priem et al. (1975) Tanjung Gadang K-At, ? 118 + 4 Koning & Aulia (1985) Garba Pluton Monzodiorite K-Ar, biotite 117 • 3 McCourt & Cobbing (1993) Garba Pluton Monzodiorite K-Ar, biotite 115 _+ 4 McCourt & Cobbing (1993) Garba Pluton Monzograbbro* K-Ar, hornblende 104 _+ 3 McCourt & Cobbing (1993) Garba Pluton Monzograbbro* K-At, biotite ? 100 • 3 McCourt & Cobbing (1993) Garba Pluton ? K-Ar, biotite 89 • 2 Pulunggono et al. (1992) Garba Pluton Granite K-At, biotite 86 • 3 McCourt & Cobbing (1993) Garba Pluton Monzogranite K-At, biotite 82 • 3 McCourt & Cobbing (1993) Garba Pluton Granite K-Ar, biotite 80 • 1 Pulunggono et al. (1992) Gumai Mrs Diorite K-At, ? 116 • 3 Gafoer eta/. (1992c) Sulan Pluton Tonalite K-Ar, biotite 113 • 3 McCourt & Cobbing (1993) Sulan Pluton Granodiorite K-At, biotite 111 • 3 McCourt & Cobbing (1993) Lass• Granite Rb-Sr, biotite ? 112 • 24 Katili (1962) Guntung No. 1 well Granite K-Ar, muscovite I 12 • 2 Eubank & Makki (1981) Sibolga satellite granite K-Ar, biotite 105 + 1 Hehuwat (1976) Idris No. 1 Granite K-Ar, re•177 101 i- 4 Koning & Darmono (t984) Palepat Granite t K-At, ? 100 • 1 Suwarna et al. (2000) Seumayam Complex granodiorite K-Ar, biotite 99 • 4 Kallagber (1990) Susoh intrusion K-Ar, ? 98 -t- 2 McCourt & Cobbing (1993, map) Sikuleh Granite K-At, mean of 2 biotite & 98 • 1 Bennett et al. (1981b) 1 hornblende determination Well 100 km NW Pakanbaru, Rb-Sr, ? 95 • 3 Eubank & Makki (1981) Granite Ulai (Sontang) Granite K-At, biotite 89.6 Rock et al. (1983) Aroguru foliated diorite K-At, biotite 89 • 3 McCourt & Cobbing (1993) Granite Rb-Sr, 4 determinations on 88 Katili (1973) biotite & muscovite Manunggal Granite K-Ar, K-feldspar 87.0 Kanao et al. (1971) Brant• Granodiorite K-Ar, biotite 86 + 3 McCourt & Cobbing (1993)

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Table A4. Continued Lithology Dating method Age (Ma) Reference

Batu Madingding Diorite K-Ar, whole rock 85 ___ 4 Wajzer et al. (1991) Padean Granite K-Ar, muscovite 84.7 + 3.6 McCourt & Cobbing (1993) Padean Pluton Microdiorite K-Ar, muscovite (2 dets.) 82 + 2 McCourt & Cobbing (1993) Padean Monzogranite K-Ar, biotite 82 _+ 3 McCourt & Cobbing (1993) Padean Monzogranite K-At, biotite 82 + 2 McCourt & Cobbing (1993) Padean Monzogranite K-Ar, biotite 81 + 2 McCourt & Cobbing (1993) Padean Granite K-Ar, muscovite 79 _ 2 McCourt & Cobbing (1993) Senawar Quartz Diorite K-Ar, whole rock 83.6 _+ 4.2 JICA (1988) Hatapang Granite Rb-Sr, isochron 80 _+ 1 Clarke & Beddoe-Stephens (1987) Sibolga satellite granite K-Ar, biotite 75 _+ 1 Hehuwat (1976)

*Deformed sample. +Location of sampling point uncertain. Locations on Fig 5.1 & in references.

Table A4. Radiometric age dates of volcanics and Jbr the intrusion and cooling of plutons related to the Tertiary Volcanic Episodes and Phases in Sumatra

Lithology Dating method Age (Ma) Reference

PALAEOCENE VOLCANIC EPISODE (65-50 Ma) VOLCANICS Basalt tuff, Bentaro Volcanic Formation (LM 116A) 4~176 51.3 + 1.5 Bellon et al. (2004) Basalt dyke in Lhoong Formation (LM 124) 4~176 55.5 _+ 1.5 Bellon et al. (2004) Basalt flow, SW of Banda (LM 118) 4~176 57.9 + 1.4 Bellon et al. (2004) Basalt dyke in Bentaro Volcanic Formation 4~176 63.1 _ 1.5 Bellon et al. (2004), Basalt dyke, Natal area (SU 49) 4~176 52.1 -t- 1.2 Bellon et al. (2004) Andesite dyke in Woyla Group, Batang Natal (NL 41) 4~176 59.6 _ 1.4 Bellon et al. (2004) Basalt dyke, Tambak Barn Volcanics (NL 40) 4~176 62.5 _ 1.4 Bellon et al. (2004) Gabbro dyke in Silungkang Formation (RDC 11) 4~176 62.9 _+ 1.5 Bellon et al. (2004) Basalt flow, Silungkang Formation (RDC 13A2) 4~176 63.1 + 1.5 Bellon et al. (2004) Basalt flow, Silungkang Formation (RDC 13A l) 4~176 63.7 _ 1.5 Bellon et al. (2004) Andesite, Gunung Dempu K-Ar, whole rock? 63.3 + 1.9 Amin et al. (1994b) Basalt, Garba Mountains K-Ar, whole rock? 60.3 Gafoer et al. (1994) Tuff, Tamiang 2-well K-At, '?whole rock 55 De Coster (1974)

PL UTONS Padangpanj ang K-Ar, biotite, mean 2 dets. 63.6 _+ 3.2 Sato (1991) Jatibaru microgranite K-Ar, biotite 62 + 3 McCourt & Cobbing (1993) Jatibaru microgranite K-Ar, biotite 56 _+ 3 McCourt & Cobbing (1993) Well in N Sumatra Basin, Granite Rb-Sr, ? 58 Wikarno et al. (1993) Lassi Pluton gabbro K-Ar, hornblende 57 _+ 2 McCourt & Cobbing (1993) Lassi Pluton biotite tonalite K-Ar, biotite mean 2 dets 56.2 + 2.8 Sato (1991) Lassi Pluton (98/3) Steps 1100-1250~ 4~ hornblende 56.06 +_ 0.19 Imtihanah (2000) Lassi Pluton quartz diorite K-Ar, biotite 55 _ 2 McCourt & Cobbing (1993) Lassi Pluton (98/2) Rb-Sr, biotite 55.02 + 0.7 Imtihanah (2000) Lassi Pluton (98/2) Steps 1100-1300~ 4~ biotite 54.78 _ 0.10 Imtihanah (2000) Lassi Pluton diorite K-Ar, hornblende 54 + 2 McCourt & Cobbing (1993) Lassi Pluton granite K-Ar, biotite 53 _+ 2 McCourt & Cobbing (1993) Lassi Pluton quartz diorite K-Ar, biotite 53 _+ 2 McCourt & Cobbing (1993) Lassi Pluton (98/4) Rb/Sr, biotite 52.2 + 0.7 Imtihanah (2000) Lassi microdiorite K-Ar, ? 52 -t- 1.6 Koning & Aulia (1985) Lassi Pluton (98/1) 750-900~ steps 4~ K-feldspar ,-~48.5 Imtihanah (2000) Meulaboh-Meuko granodiorite K-Ar, biotite 56.2 _+ 2.2 Kallagher (1990) Meulaboh-Meuko granodiorite K-Ar. biotite 53.2 _+ 3.3 Kallagher (1990) Granite in well in N Sumatra Basin K-Ar. biotite 56 + 1 Hehuwat (1976) Bungo Batholith quartz diorite K-Ar. hornblende 54 + 2 McCourt & Cobbing (1993) Bungo Batholith quartz diorite K-Ar. biotite 54 + 2 McCourt & Cobbing (1993) Nagan granodiorite K-Ar. biotite 54.4 _+ 0.5 Kusnama et al. (1993b) Nagan granodiorite K-Ar. mafic 53.5 +_ 0.9 Kusnama et al. (1993b) Nagan granodiorite K-Ar. biotite 51.5 _ 0.7 Kusnama et al. (1993b) Bukit Raja Pluton K-Ar. 9 54.1 + 2.7 JICA (1988) Bukit Raja Pluton K-Ar ? 51.9 _ 2.6 JICA (1988) Ulai (Sopan) granite K-Ar biotite 52.2 Hahn & Weber (1991b) Ulai (Panti) pegmatitic granodiorite K-Ar biotite 52.4 + 0 Kanao et al. (1971) Ulai granodiorite K-Ar, biotite 47.7 Rock et al. (1983) Samadua granite K-Ar, biotite 52 ___ 1 Cameron et al. (1982b)

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Table A4. Continued

Lithology Dating method Age (Ma) Reference

Samadua (Tapaktuan) granite K-Ar, biotite 51 • 1 Cameron et al. (1982b) Batang Natal microdiorite dyke K-Ar, whole rock 49.5 • 2.5 Wajzer (1986) Sibubung granite K-Ar, ? 50.9 + 1 Wikarno et al. (1993) Well in N Sumatra Basin K-Ar, biotite 50 4- 1.2 Hehuwat (1976) Gle Seukeun Complex granodiorite K-At, hornblende 50 • 1 Van Leeuwen et al. (1987) Gle Seukeun Complex granodiorite K-At, biotite 47.2 • 0.7 Van Leeuwen et al. (1987) Gle Seukeun Complex hb diorite K-Ar, hornblende 47.6 • 1.0 Van Leeuwen et al. (1987) Gle Seukeun Complex K-Ar, mean of analyses of a 42 • 3 Bennett et al. (1981a) hornblende and a biotite Granite in well 100 km NW Pakanbaru K-Ar, ? 45 • 1 Eubank & Makki (1981) LATE MID-EOCENE VOLCANIC EPISODE (c. 46-40 Ma) VOLCANICS Andesite dyke, Langsat Volcanic Formation (NL 36) 4~176 41.1 • 0.9 Bellon et al. (2004) Basalt dyke, Indarung Calcareous Formation (RDC 20) 4~176 45.8 _+ 1.1 Bellon et al. (2004) Shoshonite dyke, Tanjungkarang area (PCE 13) 4~176 43.5 • 1 Bellon et al. (2004)

PLUTONS *Gabbro in ophiolite, P. K-Ar, whole rock 40.1 • 2.7 Kallagher (1990) *Gabbro in ophiolite, P. Simeulue K-Ar, whole rock 35.4 • 3.6 Kallagher (1990) S. Tuboh Quartz Monzonite K-At, ? 40.1 • 2.0 JICA (1988) Andes• dyke in Sikumbu Fm K-Ar, whole rock 40.1 + 1.6 Wajzer (1986) Andesite dyke in Sikumbu Fm K-At, whole rock 37.6 • 1.3 Wajzer (1986) LATE EOCENE-LATE OLIGOCENE VOLCANIC EPISODE (c. 38-24 Ma) Late Eocene-Early Oligocene phase (c. 35-30 Ma) VOLCANICS Basaltic andesite dyke, Blang Pidie, Tapaktuan (TT 148) 40K_40Ar 31.6 • 0.85 Bellon et al. (2004) Basalt dyke, Langsat village, Natal area (NL 37) 40K 40Ar 37.4 _+ 0.9 Bellon et al. (2004) Basalt dyke in Silungkang Formation (RDC 13) 40K_40Ar 37.3 • 1 Bellon et al. (2004) PL UTONS Air Bangis Granite K-At, hornblende 29.7 + 1.6 Wajzer (1986) Air Bangis Granite K-Ar, whole rock 28.2 • 1.2 Wajzer (1986) Late Oligocene-Early Miocene phase VOLCANICS Basalt dyke in Woyla Group north of Tapaktuan (TT 144) 4~K_40Ar 26.9 • 0.72 Bellon et al. (2004) Basalt flow, Painan Formation (PN 26) 40K_40Ar 23.7 • 0.55 Bellon et al. (2004) Andesite dyke in Painan Formation (TP 34) 40K_40Ar 24.3 + 0.60 Bellon et al. (2004) Dacite dyke in Painan Formation (TP 33) 40K_40Ar 25.5 + 0.59 Bellon et al. (2004) PL UTONS Way Bambang Granite K-Ar, biotite + hornblende 19.8 • 0.8 McCourt & Cobbing (1993) Way Bambang Granite duplicate Ar 20.1 _+0.7 McCourt & Cobbing (1993) Way Bambang Granite K-Ar, biotite + hornblende 18.7 • 1.9 McCourt & Cobbing (1993) Raya Diorite K-Ar, hornblende, mean of 6 dets. 18.9 • 1.2 Bennett eta/. ( 1981 a) LATE EARLY MIOCENE-MID-MIOCENE VOLCANIC EPISODE (22-8 Ma) VOLCANICS Late Early Miocene volcanic phase (c. 22-14 Ma) Basalt block in Indrapuri melange, (IP 113) 4OK_4OAr 18.8 + 0.49 Bellon et al. (2004) Basalt dyke in Lhoong Formation (LM 126) 4OK_4OAr 14.5 • 1.17 Bellon et al. (2004) Basalt flow, in Calang Volcanic Formation (CL 140) 4oK_4oAr 21.4 • 0.59 Bellon et al. (2004) Andesite dyke, Calang area (CL 135C) 4OK_4OAr 21.1 • 0.60 Bellon et al. (2004) Andesite dyke, Calang area (GB 15) 4OKr_4OAr 18.7 • 0.44 Bellon et al. (2004) Basalt dyke in Tangla Formation (CL 135B) ~oK J0Ar 18.8 + 0.59 Bellon et al. (2004) Basalt flow in Calang Volcanic Formation (CL 141A) 4OK_4OAr 18.8 • 0.45 Bellon et al. (2004) Andesite dyke in Calang Volcanic Formation (CL 132) 4OK_4OAr 18.3 + 0.44 Bellon et al. (2004) Basalt, Sayeung Volcanic Formation K-Ar, whole rock 17.7 • 0.7 Kallagher (1990) Andesite dyke, Calang area (CL 136) 4OK_4OAr 17.5 • 0.42 Bellon et al. (2004) Basalt, Sayeung Volcanic Formation K-Ar, whole rock 17.1 • 0.9 Kallagher (1990) Basalt dyke, Sayeung Volcanic Formation K-Ar, whole rock 16.4 • 0.6 Kallagher (1990) Basalt, Sayeung Volcanic Formation K-Ar, whole rock 16.1 • 3.9 Kallagher (1990) Basalt dyke, Sayeung Volcanic Formation K-Ar, whole rock 15.9 + 1.0 Kallagher (1990) Basaltic andesite dyke, Calang Volcanic Formation (CL 131) 40K_40Ar 15.0 + 0.38 Bellon et al. (2004) Basalt, Sayeung Volcanic Formation K-Ar, whole rock 13.7 + 2.7 Kallagher (1990) Andesite dyke in Formation, Sibolga (SB 27B) 40K_40Ar 19.6 • 0.58 Bellon et al. (2004) Andesite flow in Angkola Volcanic Formation (SB 85) 40K_40Ar 18.2 • 0.45 Bellon et al. (2004) Andesite dyke in Angkola Volcanic Formation (SB 84) 40K_40Ar 16.8 +_ 0.47 Bellon et al. (2004) Andesite dyke in Angkola Volcanic Formation (SB 83) 40K_40Ar 16.8 • 0.39 Bellon et al. (2004) Andesite, P. Musala K-Ar, whole rock 17.2 + 5 Aspden et al. (1982b)

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Table A4. Continued

Lithology Dating method Age (Ma) Reference

Basalt meta-tuff, Simpang Gambir, Natal area (NL 42) 4~176 19.7 • 0.48 Bellon et al. (2004) Absarokite in Sikarara Volcanic Formation (NL 34) 4~176 18.2 • 0.44 Bellon et al. (2004) Andesite, Sarik Lawas K-Ar, ? 22 • 1.5 Koning & Aulia (1985) Andesite flow in Painan Formation (PN 31) 4~176 19.2 • 0.54 Bellon et al. (2004) Andesite flow in Painan Formation (PN 22) 4~176 19.1 • 0.45 Bellon et al. (2004) Basalt flow in Painan Formation (PN 24) 4~176 19.0 • 0.45 Bellon et al. (2004) Basalt lava or tuff?, well N ?KAr 17.5 Eubank & Makki ( 1981 ) Andesite flow in Painan Formation (TP 32) 4~176 14.3 • 0.34 Bellon et al. (2004) Andes• flow, Bukit Sulap, (BSU 170) 4~176 16.5 + 0.38 Bellon et al. (2004) Andesite in Hulusimpang Fornmtion (MN 116) 4~176 13.2 • 0.43 Bellon et al. (2004) Rhyolite dyke in Hulusimpang Formation (MN 118) 4~176 12.8 • 0.31 Bellon et al. (2004) Basaltic andesite dyke in Hulusimpang Fornmtion (MN 117) 4~176 12.8 + 0.38 Bellon et al. (2004) Rhyolite tuff in (?)Tarahan Formation (TR 33) 4~176 19.7 • 0.47 Bellon et al. (2004) Basalt dyke in Sulan batholith (WS 5) 4~176 17.1 + 0.44 Bellon et al. (2004) Andesite dyke in Hulusimpang Formation (SMK 40) 4~176 16.9 + 0.44 Bellon et al. (2004) Basalt dyke in Hulusimpang Formation (SMK 39) 4~176 15.1 _ 0.38 Bellon et al. (2004) Dacite flow in Sabu Formation (PCE 9A) 4~176 14.4 • 0.35 Bellon et al. (2004) Middle Miocene Volcanic Phase (c. 12-8 Ma) Basalt, Alem Fm K-Ar, whole rock 11.2 • 0.7 KalIagher (1990) Basalt, Alem Fm K-Ar, whole rock 10.3 • 0.4 Kallagher (1990) Basalt dyke, Alem Fm K-Ar, whole rock 8.;74 • 0.82 Kallagher (1990) Basalt dyke in Hulusimpang Formation (SMK 37) 4~176 10.9 • 0.43 Bellon et al. (2004)

PLUTONS Granite, SE Padang K-Ar 16 • 0.7 Wikarno et al. (1993) Lolo Pluton (98/13) Rb-Sr, biotite 15.12 • 0.18 Imtihanab (2000) Lolo Pluton (98/13) Steps 900-1150'C 4~ biotite 15.06 • 0.13 Imtihanah (2000) Lolo granodiorite K-At, hornblende ! 1 • 1 McCourt & Cobbing (1993) Lolo Pluton (98/11) Steps 1100-117P'C 4~ hornblende 9.0 • 0.1 Imtihanah (2000) Lolo Pluton (98/9) Rb-Sr, biotite 7.89 • 0.1 Imtihanah (2000) Lolo Pluton (98/11) Rb-Sr, biotite 6.03 • 0.07 Imtihanah (2000) Lolo Pluton (98/10) Rb-Sr, biotite 5.82 • 0.07 hntihanah (2000) Lolo Pluton (98/9) Steps 800-1250

(continued)

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Table AS. Continued

Lithology Dating method Age (Ma) Reference

Formation, NW of Curup (CR 145) Andesite dyke in Air Benakat Formation (LH 178) 4~176 2.91 • 0.09 Bellon et al. (2004) Basaltic andesite dyke in Lemau Formation (BS 129) 4~176 2.41 • 0.08 Bellon et al. (2004) Andesite, Gunung Batu K-Ar 4.76 _+ 0.32 Gafoer et al. (1992c) Andesite flow in ?Lakitan Formation (PC 16) 4~176 4.93 • 0.13 Bellon et al. (2004) PLUTONS Langkup Granodiorite (* ?) K-Ar, hornblende 3.48 • 0.5 Kusnama et al. (1993b) Sungeipenuh, no plateau 4~ biotite ~5.5 Imtihanah (2000) Sungaipenuh granitoid* K-At, ?biotite, mean 2 dets. 3.5 Kusnama et al. (1993b) Granite in well N Sumatra Basin K-Ar, plagioclase 2.5 • 1 Hehuwat (1976)

*Suspected deformation age. *Location of sample position uncertain. Locations on Figs 5.1, 8.4-8.7 & details in references.

Table AS. Radiometric dates of deformed and metamorphosed rocks from Sumatra

Unit Method Age (Ma) Reference

Beruk NE No. 1 well micaceous material in K-Ar, mica 276 • 10 Koning & Darmono (1984) shears in brecciated quartzite

INDOSINIAN OROGENY Berembang well, phyllite K-Ar, muscovite 251 • 10 Katili (1973) Berembang well, phyllite K-Ar, feldspar 247 + 10 Katili (1973) 90 km NNW Pakanbaru, 'quartzite' K-Ar, ? 222 _ 3 Eubank & Makki (1981) Talawi, hornfels (?contact metamorphism) K-Ar, ? 154 _ 5 Koning & Aulia (1985)

BENTARO-SALING ARCS COLLISION Beruk NE No. 4 hornfelsed argillite K-Ar, muscovite 123 _ 6 Koning & Darmono (1984) Tanjungan amphibolite K-Ar, amphibole 125 • 5 And• Mangga et al. (1994a) Tanjungan amphibolite K-Ar, amphibole 115 • 6 And• Mangga et al. (1994a) Tanjungan amphibolite K-Ar, amphibole 108 + 5 And• Mangga et al. (1994a) Beruk NE No. 3 well argillite K-Ar,? 116• 5 Koning & Darmono (1984) S. Mundaran, schist K-Ar, ? 95 • 3 Koning & Aulia (1985)

Early Eocene event Beruk No. 2 well, shale K-Ar, ? 54.5 + 0.6 Koning & Darmono (1984)

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M. J. CROW & A. J. BARBER

Rock units are separated into time bands based on palaeontological evidence of age for the sediments and radiometric dating for the intrusives and the volcanics. The main sources for the compilation of this geological map were: 1:250 000 scale quadrangle geology maps published by the Geological Research and Development Centre between 1975 and 1996; the geological map of Northern Sumatra at l:l 500 000 by Stephenson & Aspden (1982); the 1:1 000 000 geological maps of Sumatra compiled by Gafoer et al. (1992a, b, d); the 1:250000 map of Central Sumatra by Hahn & Weber (1981a) and the map of Sumatra in the geological compilation of Indonesia-West at 1:2 500 000 by M. C. G. Clarke (Land Resources 1990). Earlier sources consulted include the Netherlands East Indies Geological Survey maps (1927-1931) of southern Sumatra at 1:200 000 and the compilations of parts of Sumatra at 1: 1 000 000 by Zwierzijcki (1922a, b, 1930a). Fontaine & Gafoer (1989) presented palaeontological evidence for a medial tectonic dislocation in Sumatra, which was defined by Hutchison (1994). Outcrops of the Medial Sumatra Tectonic Zone (Barber & Crow 2003), the Kluet and Kuantan Formations, and the Bohorok and equivalent formations in the Tigapuluh Mountains, shown on the map are based on published and unpublished descriptions of the deformation, as discussed in Chapter 13 (2005, this volume). The ages of granitic intrusions for Sumatra are from Chapter 5, and for the Tin Islands from Cobbing et al. (1992). The solid geology of Bangka Island is taken from Ko (1986).

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pA ACEH ANDAMAN SEA SIMPLIFIED GEOLOGICAL MAP OF SUMATRA Lhokseumawe SEDIMENTS INTRUSIVES 5 o - Holocene - / PENINSULAR Pleistocene I I vo,o .,c l Pliocene- Eocene Pliocene - Eocene Meulaboh MALAYSIA / 1 1 l Late Cretaceous 4 ° _ Lower Cretaceous - Woyla Group l Mid - Jurassic Upper Jurassic Rawas,Peneta,Asai l LateTriassic - Triassic ~ Kualu Tuhur Early Jurassic 3 °_ l Permian MEDIAL SUMATRA l schist and gneiss Sin TECTONIC ZONE ang WEST SUMATRA BLOCK o o% EAST SUMATRA BLOCK 2 ° - Lower Permian l Palepat, Silungkang Mengkarang gkalis Lower Permian - ~ Kluet Lower Permian - ~ Bohorok inas ' Lower Carboniferous ~ Kuantan ?Upper Devonian ~ Mentulu Nias ~ ~Tr-Jg ~- 4Tr'Jg 1 o_

Natal Islands roPE r"~ {kngga TIN ISLANDS o°- 0 ° Batu ,~ Pini Triassic- Bintan Islands 1r k > p~r-Jg~ -~, ?Cretaceous~ Tempilang Singke Bentong-Belitung Accretionary Complex Sifigk \ ?Devonian- l 1oS PADANG ~.~--~....~, Permian Pemali Group 1o_ Siberut

Tr-Jg INDIAN 2 °- Sipora '~Bangka Belitung OCEAN _ (Billiton)

3°.. .3 ° ,dip SOUTHEAST . ASIA Pag ~llJTr.~gBukit Batu ¢..~sEA.c. Toboali l,...-~ ,, ~ cRouP ConocoPhdhps

BENGKULU LS 4 ° _ Modified from" Stephenson & Aspden, 1982. Simplified Geological JAVA SEA Map of Northern Sumatra. Scale 1:1,500,000 Institute of Geological Sciences, Keyworth, U.K. et al. Gafoer 1992a. Geological Map of Indonesia, Padang Lake 5 ° . Sheet. Scale 1:1,000,000. Geological Research and Development Centre, Bandung, Indonesia. LAMPUNG Gafoer et al. 1992b. Geological map of Indonesia, Palembang Enggano (:~ Sheet. Scale 1.1,000,000. Geological Research and Development 0 1O0 200km Centre, Bandung, Indonesia. o ®~ Fit--. _ c'-- ~. s °, 96 ° 97 ° 98 ° 99 ° 100 ° 101 ° \ 102 ° 103 ° 104 105 ° , Krakatau'-" "-1 ~ 107 ° 108 ° 1 I. 1. 1 t 1__

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M. J. CROW & A. J. BARBER

The main sources of data for the Structural and Tectonic Maps were: the 1: 250 000 and 1:1 000 000 series of geological maps covering Sumatra published by the Geological Research and Development Centre and the Tectonic Map of Northern Sumatra (1 : 1 500 000) by Aspden et al. (1982a) for folds, faults and lithological boundaries in the solid geology. Sub-surface structural data shown in Tertiary and younger rocks is taken mainly from publications of the Indonesian Petroleum Association. The location of the Medial Sumatra Tectonic Zone is taken from Barber & Crow (2003) and Chapter 13, and segmentation of the Sumatran Fault System and the structures within the Present Accretionary Complex follow Sieh & Natawidjaya (2000). Structures in the Forearc are taken from Izart et al. (1994) (Meulaboh Basin), Karig et al. (1980), Milsom et al. (I 995) (Nias Basin), Samuel & Harbury (1996) (Nias), Samuel et al. (1997) (the other forearc islands), Yulihanto & Wiyanto (1999), Hall et al. (1993) and Howles (1986) (Bengkulu Basin). The Mentawi Fault Zone is described by Diament et al. (1992) and Malod & Kemal (1996). Sub-surface structures in the North Sumatra Basin are taken from Davies (1984), Sosromihardjo (1988), Moulds (1989) and Tiltman (1990); in the Central Sumatra Basin from Moulds (1989) and Heidrick & Aulia (1993); in the South Sumatra Basin from De Coster (1974), Katili (1974a), Pulunggono (1986), Moulds (1989), Pulunggono et al. (1992), Rashid et al. (1998), Williams et al. (1995), Yulihanto et al. (1995); and in the the Sunda basin from Bushnell & Temansja (1986), Wight et al. (1986). The insert Tectonic Map is derived from earlier syntheses published by Van Bemmelen (1949, 1954), Westerveld (1952b), Katili (1973), Hamilton (1979), Cameron et al. (1980), Aspden et al. (1982a), Pulunggono & Cameron (1984), Wajzer et al. (1991), Hutchison (1994), McCourt et al. (1996), Metcalfe (2000), Barber & Crow (2000) and Chapter 13. The reader is referred to the main text for a more exhaustive list of the references consulted.

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3854425/9781862394063_backmatter.pdf by guest on 02 October 2021 I , , , 97 ° 98 ° 99 ° 100 ° 101° 102 ° STRUCTURAL MAP OF SUMATRA 0 1 O0 200km "1 Aceh

,,A 4 ° !i ...... ~iet ~iii~~i~ ~i~I \ PENINSULAR \ Basin Tao~tl MALAYSIA

3 ° ~i~ iii~ ''~" I/i'~ ¸¸¸¸¸ ¸ ':; INDIAN PLATE

\ st~ TECTONIC MAP " Pre-Tertiarv Accreted Terranes Nias >L_~ Bintan _1 ° Riau ',,, Islands INDIAN % -0 o Batu ~i Pini ~Lin a OCEAN Islands ~'~

Syncline - loS Anticline ADANG Transcurrent Fault Siberut Monocline Normal Fault _ 2 ° Thrust ~ Volcanic Centre

N.B. Paler colours represent undersea extension

TERTIARY Volcanic Units - 3 ° AND QUATERNARY Sedimentary Units JURASSIC Woyla Nappe AND (Oceanic Arc and Accretionary Complex) \ CRETACEOUS TRIASSIC- ~ Continental Deposits BENGKULU 4 ° (Kualu, Tuhur, Rawas, Peneta, Asai, CRETACEOUS Bintan, Tempilang)

PRE-TRIASSIC BASEMENT Sunda Basin Conoco~hillips Bentong-Belitung Accretionary Complex -5 ° Sibumasu (East Sumatra) Block Medial Sumatra Tectonic Zone (Pale tint beneath Tertiary sediments) West Sumatra Block

95I ° 96I ° 97I ° 98I ° 99I ° 100I ° 01 ° \ ' 102° ~ 10301 104°1 05o"~r" e e= I

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Page numbers in italics refer to figures; page numbers in bold refer to tables.

A-type granites 60, 61, 159 Arun High 132 Sumatran Fault Zone 203-214 accretionary complex 4, 5, 13 Arun Limestone 89, 92, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135 Tertiary volcanism 99, 100 models of evolution 179-183 Asahan Arch 135, 136, 214, 217 West Sumatra 196-200 seismic section 178, 179 Asai Formation 48, 78, 200, 218, 249 Woyla Nappe 200-203 tectonic evolution 186-187 Atar granodiorite 261 Barisan Schiefer 24 Aceh Auran Volcanic Formation 110, 111 Barogang Island 182 Woyla Accretionary Complex 76 Baru M~lange 91 Woyla Group exposures 40-43 Babahrot Formation 42, 75, 81 Baruman Basin 219 Aceh Fault 206, 207 Bacinella 43 Barumun Fault 208 Actiastraea minima 43 back-arc basins 214, 233 Barus Formation 94, 100, 264 administrative boundaries 1, 2 Tertiary basalts, first recognised 125 Agam Formation 214 Central Sumatra 217-223,225 base metals Agathammina /Agathaminoides 35 North Sumatra 214-217 exploration, future potential 258 Agathiceras sundaicum 38 Ombilin Basin 94, 223-228 map 148 Ai Manis Limestone 91 South Sumatra 228-233 basement 24-25, 214, 217, 218-219, 220 Air Bangis granite 115, 265 structure 216, 217 Batam Island 71, 72 Air Benakat Formation 90, 95, 101, tectonic setting 215 Batang Natal Megabreccia Formation 47, 77 138, 139, 140, 141,231,266 back-arc volcanism Batang Natal microdiorite 264 Air Kuning Formation 67 Quaternary 125-130 Batang-Natal Section 80 Air Mabara granite 209, 210 Tertiary Batee Fault 13, 177, 184 Airbangis Volcanic Formation 110, 111 Central Sumatra 99 Batu Group Islands 185 Akul Volcanic Formation 107, 108, 109 North Sumatra 99 Batu Madingding diorite 263 Alas Formation South Sumatra 99, 100 Batu Mandi Field 131 palaeontology 256 Bakasap Formation 136 Batu Nabontar Limestone Unit 47, 77, 77 stratigraphic setting 25, 26, 27, 28, 32 Bal Formation 101, 110, 111, 108, 265 Batu Raja Limestone 90, 92, 93, 138, structural setting 190, 191, 194, 195 Balam Basin 135, 136 139, 139, 140, 231 tectonic setting 234, 236, 238, 241,242 Balam Trough 219, 220-223 Batumilmil Formation 27, 35-36, 39, volcanic setting 63,66, 66, 71 Bale Formation 42 40, 190, 194, 239, 242, 257 Alem Formation 101, 110, 114, 265 Bampo Formation 88, 89, 133, Beatang Ultramafic Complex 41, 76 Alloclionites timorensis 37 134, 142, 216, 218 Bekasap Formation 89, 221 Allotriophyllum chinese 27 Bandan Formation 105, 106 Belimbing pluton 60 alluvial gold 171, 175 Bandar Jaya Basin 105, 141 Belinyu granite 54-55,261 Aman Basin 135, 136 Bangka Island 74, 158, 237, 240 Belirang-Beriti volcano 127 Areas Formation 110, 111 Bangkaru Ophiolite Complex 113, 182 Belok Gadang Formation 43-44, 44 Andaman Basin 19 Bangko Formation 89, 93, 136, 219, 221 Belok Gadang Siltstone Formation 47, 75 Andaman Sea, opening 121 Banjalarang adamellite 104 Belumai Formation 88, 92, 94, 216, 217, 218 Angkola Fault 208 Banyak Basin 22 Belumai Sandstone 131, 132, 133, 134, 135 Angkola Volcanic Formation Banyak Group 21 Bengal Fan 1, 3, 175, 186 100, 101, 110, 116, 264, 265 Banyak Islands 9, 11, 14, 177, 180, 185 Bengkalis Graben 135,222 anthracite 145 Baong Formation 88, 94, 95, 215,218 Bengkalis Trough 136, 219, 220, 223,222 Anu Batee Fault 206 Baong Sandstone 131, 132, 133, 134 Bengkulu Basin 17, 20, 131, 140, 141, 186 4~ dating 260, 263, 264, Baong Shale 134, 135 Benioff Zone see Wadati Benioff Zone 265, 266 Barisan Formation 29, 37, 39, 39, 69, 200 Bentaro-Saling arc collision 65, 266 arc volcanoes 124-125 Barisan Mountains 1, 187-188 Bentaro Volcanic Formation 42, 81,100, Archaediscus 30 East Sumatra 190-195 159, 201,203,263 Arminina asiatica 38 emergence 249-251 Bentong-Billiton Accretionary Complex Aroguru granite-diorite pluton 55, gravity 16, 18 70-73, 148, 188, 189, 190 58, 59, 60, 262 history 96 Bentong-Raub Line 234, 235, 237 arsenic mineralization 160 Medial Sumatra Tectonic Zone 195-196 Bentong-Raub Suture (Medial Malaya Line) Arun Field 132, 134 Pre-Tertiary history 188-190 63, 64, 188, 189, 237, 238

283

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Berhala Island gabbro 262 cerium mineralization 161 stratigraphy 87- 88 Beruk granite 262 chemical analyses 113, 114, 116 volcanism 102, 105 Besar volcano 127 chromium mineralization 160, 161 radiometric dating 100, 264 Billiton Island 72 Ciletuh Formation 102, 104 tectonic relations 113 mineralization 148, 158 Citilim Island 71, 73 Eoendothyranopsis 30 Binail microdiorite 265 Clay Formation 90 Epigondondolella postera 35 Binio Formation 89, 95, 137 Cleiothyridina 27 extension events 110 71, 73 Clyeina 43 extension rate 96 mineralization 157-158 coal resources extrusion tectonics 110-111 Blangkejeren Fault 206, 209 analytical data 144 Bohorok Formation 256, 257 distribution map 143 fault slip rates 205-206 radiometric age 101, 265 first discovery 142 Fenestella retiformis 35 stratigraphic setting 25, 26, 27, 28, 32, 33 geographical distribution 142-145 fission track dating 123 structural setting 190-192, 190, 191, production 145-146, 146 fold structures 192, 194, 195 quality 145 Ombilin Basin 226-228 tectonic setting 234, 235, 237, 238, 239, reserves 145 Tertiary back-arc basin 215- 217 240, 242, 243 stratigraphic age 142 forearc basins 4, 176, 177 volcanic setting 63, 66, 67, 67 coal exploration, future potential 258-259 basement 185 Border Clay 88 Condong Member 66, 66 depositional history 185-186 Boueina 43 copper mineralization gravity 20-22 Brani Formation 90-91, 104 contract of work signings 149 seismic section 178 Branti granite pluton 55, 59, 262 Eocene-Miocene 161 setting 184-185 Brawan Volcanic Formation 108, 109, 116 Jurassic-Cretaceous 158-159, 160 tectonic evolution 186-187 Breueh Volcanic Formation 88, 102, 104 Late Cretaceous 161 volcanism 99 Bruksah Formation 88, 89, 133, 135, 214, 218 Miocene-Pliocene 159-165,163-164 forearc ridge and islands Bukit Batu granite pluton 55, 57, 58, 59, Palaeocene 159, 161 m61ange origin 183-184 61, 150 Palaeozoic basins 152 models of evolution 179-183 Bukit Batu syenite 150 Woyla Group 160 role of Mentawai Fault 184 Bukit Daun volcano 127 Cordaites 38 volcanism 99 Bukit Lumut Balai volcano 127 Cretaceous fossil suites Bukit Pancur granite 261 mineralization 158-159 Carboniferous-Early Permian 27, 30, 38 Bukit Pendopo Formation 39, 67 plutonic-volcanic belt 65, 74, 84-85 Jurassic-Cretaceous 41, 43 Bukit Raja granite pluton 159, 263 radiometric dating 261-263 Permo-Triassic 35, 36, 37 Bukit Susah Trough 219 Woyla Group stratigraphy 40-53 Triassic 38 Bukit Telor basalt 125, 129 Crystalline Schists 24 fuel resources see coal; petroleum Bungo batholith 55, 59, 60, 159, 248, 262, 263 Cubadak Formation 28, 37, 39, 40 Fusulina 38 Bur ni Telong volcano 126 Fusulinella 38 Dabo granite 55, 261 Fusulinella lantenoisi 37 Cahop serpentinite 41, 76 Daoella 37 Calamites 29 Dayung Field 131 Gadang granite 55 Calang Formation 100, 108, 110, l I l, Dempo volcano 127 Gadis Fault 209, 210 114, 116, 264 Denpo, Mt 188 Ganggsal Formation 71 Campang Formation 105, 106 Devonian sediments 24 Gangsal Formation 30-31, 31, 71, Cancellina praeneoschwagerinoides 38 diamictite see Bohorok Formation 192-193, 195 Carboniferous Doliolina lepida 37 Garba Formation 31, 50, 249 history of Tapanuli Group Duabelas Mts granite 262 Garba granite batholith 55, 59, 159, 262 distribution maps 26, 27, 28, 191 Dumai High 219 Garba inlier 50 palaeogeography 34- 35 Duri Formation 89, 136, 137, 221 Garba Mts basalt 263 stratigraphy 25-29 gas see petroleum resources structure 190-193 earthquakes 120 gas exploration, future potential 258-259 volcanism 64-66, 82 Central area (2004-2005) 14-15 Gawo Formation 107, 108, 109, 183 Cathaysian (Indochina Block) affinities 188, Enggano (2000) 11, 12-13 Genako Trough 219 236, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246 Simuelue (2004)9, 11, 12, 13-14 geochemistry Central Sumatra Basin see also seismicity future researches 258 basement 220 East Bintang granite 261 granites 58-60 coal 142-144, 145 East Malaya Microplate 234, 235 volcanics petroleum exploration history 135 East Sumatra Block 63 Permian 69-70 petroleum systems 137 East Sumatra plutonic-volcanic Tertiary 109-110, 113, 114, 116 reservoir rocks 136 belt 66-67 Woyla Group 79, 81 seismicity 14, 15 Encrinus 38 geological maps 6 source rocks 137 Enggano Great Earthquake (June 2000) geological research, history of 1-6 stratigraphy 89-90, 92-93, 136 11, 12-13 Geological Survey of Indonesia (GSI) 3 structure 217-223, 225 Entrochus 38 Geumang Line 201 tectonic setting 135 Eocene Geumpang Formation 41-42, 75, 76 volcanism 99 mineralization 159 Geunteut granodiorite 55, 265

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Geureudong volcano 126 hydrocarbon resource see petroleum Kikim Tufts 88, 90, 98, 104, 248 Geureuggand Fault 208 Itydrocorallinae 48 Kikim Volcanics 98, 99, 100, 111 Gigantopteris 38, 234 Kiri basin 135, 136 Gle Seukeun complex 264 I-type granites 55, 56, 57-58, 60 Kiri granite 262 Gnathodus girtyi rhodesi 27, 30 Indarung Formation 46, 48, 75, 78, 100, 264 Kiri Trough 219 gold mineralization 148, 258 Indian Ocean, magnetic anomalies 7 Kla-Alas Fault 206, 209 alluvial 171, 175 Indochina Block 189 Kla Line 201 contract of work signings 149 see also Cathaysian affinities Klabat batholith 55 Eocene-Miocene 161 Indonesian Petroleum Association (IPA) 4, 214 Kluang Limestone 24-25 Jurassic-Cretaceous 158-159, 160 Indosinian orogeny, radiometric dates 266 Kluet Fault 100 Late Cretaceous 159, 160, 161 Indrapuri Complex 41,264 Kluet Formation Miocene-Pliocene 163-164 Insu Member 75 mineralization 148, 149 Palaeocene 159, 161 Intermontane petroleum basins 141 palaeontology 258- 259 Woyla Group 160 Intervening Sandstone 88 stratigraphic setting 25, 26, 27-28, 32, 33 Golok Tuff Formation 78, 262 Investigator Fracture Zone 7, 8, 10, 17 structural setting 190, 191, 192, 195, Gomo Formation 95 Investigator Ridge 3, 7, 121,123, 175, 185, 187 196-197, 198 Gondwana terrane 188 Involutina 35 tectonic setting 234, 236, 238, 241 affinities 123,237, 239, 240, 242, 243-244 lpciphyllum 37 volcanic setting 63, 66, 66, 68 breakup 65, 82, 82, 83 iron mineralization 160, 161, 163-164 Kompas Volcanic Member 108, 109 palaeogeography 244, 245-248 isotopic ages see radiometric dating Koninckopora 30 granites Korinci Formation 89, 137, 144 distribution maps 55, 71, 72, 157 Jaleuem Formation 42 Kotabakti Volcanic Formation 110, 111 isotopic ages 54-55 Jambi Depression 138 Krakatau volcano 127, 130, 213 recent research 58-60 Jambi Flora 241,257 Kuala Lansa High 132, 133 Sundaland compared 60-61 Jambi Nappe 236, 236 Kualu Formation tin suite 56-57 Jambo Aye Group 88 palaeontology 257 volcanic arc suite 57-58 Jambor Baru Formation 47, 75, 77 stratigraphic setting 24, 28, 36-37, 39, 40 gravity Jatibarang Formation 105 structural setting 194, 195, 196 East Sumatra 19 Jatibaru granite pluton 55, 59, 106, 263 tectonic setting 239, 242 forearc basin 20-22 Julu Rayeu Formation 88, 95,215, 218 Kuantan Formation long wavelength field 22-23 Jurassic palaeontology 256-257 regional patterns 16-19, 122 mineralization 158-159 stratigraphic setting 29-30 sedimentary basins 19-20 plutonic-volcanic arc 65, 74-76, 84-85 structural setting 190, 192, 193, 197, Toba-Tawar low 19 radiometric dating 260-261 199, 218 gravity field 17 Woyla Group stratigraphy 40-53 tectonic setting 234, 236, 238, 241 gravity stations 18 volcanic setting 64, 64, 66, 82 Guguchina pluton 60 K-Ar dating 54-55, 124 Kuantan granite 54, 55 Gumai andesite 262 problems 98 Kubu High 136, 219 Gumai Formation 90, 92, 93, 94, 138, results 69, 151 100, 101, 260-266 Kundur granite 55 139, 140, 231 Kaba volcano 127 Kunyit volcano 127 Gumai-Garba Line 80, 80 Kaloi Limestone Formation 27, 35, 39, Kutacane Graben 208, 209 Gumai inlier 50 40, 66, 190, 194, 239, 242, 257 Gumai Mts basic volcanics 261 Kampar Basin 223 Lagoi granite 261 Gumai Mts diorite 262 Kampar High 219 Lahat Formation 90, 90, 92, 103, 104, Gume Formation 42 Kampar Kanan Basin 141 105, 109, 114, 140, 144, 230 Gunung Batu andesite 264 Kanaikan batholith 249 Lahomie Formation 110, 111, 183 Gunung Dempu andesite 263 Kanaikan granitoid 44 Lakat Formation 89, 92 Gunung Mang diorite 262 Kanan Basin 223 Lakitan Formation 112, 266 Gunungkasih Complex 25, 31, 78, 80 Karimun Besar Island 71 Lam Minet Formation 42, 75, 76 Formation 95, 183 Kasai Formation 90, 108, 112, 139 Lain Teuba Volcanics 101, 265 Kayumabang granite 261, 262 Lamno Limestone Formation 43, 81 Halobia 35, 36, 37 Kayumambang granite 261 Lampung, Woyla Accretionary Complex 33, 78 Haranggoal Volcanic Formation 101, 108, 265 Kedurang Graben 20 Lampung granite 262, 265 Hatapang granite pluton 55, 56, 57, 57, Kelapa granite 261 Lampung Formation 112 58, 58, 60, 61, 159, 263 Kelesa Formation 89, 89, 104, 106, 144 Lampung High 19, 138, 138 Helatoba-Tarutung volcano 126 Kembar volcano 126, 208, 209 Lampung tufts 123 Hemogordius 37 Kemiki Formation 108, 110 Langkat Formation 136 Hindeodella 27 Kenyaran Volcanic Formation 81 Langkup granodiorite 112, 266 Hindeodella triassica 36 Kerinci, Mt 1, 187 Langsat Volcanic Formation 47, 100, Hippogriffe rocks 63, 66, 66 Kerinci volcano 127, 211 103-104, 106, 113, 115, 264 hot springs 212 Kerumutan Line 234 Lassi granite batholith 54, 55, 57, 59, Hulubelu volcano 127 Keutapang Formation 88, 95,215, 60, 100, 103, 262, 263 Hulusimpang Formation 101, 106, 108, 216-217, 218, 253 Latoceandra ramosa 41 109, 114, 115, 265 Keutapang Sandstone 131, 132, 133, 134, 135 lead mineralization Hutapanjang volcano 127 Kieme Formation 88, 100, 104 Eocene-Miocene 161

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lead mineralization (Continued) tectonic setting 234, 236, 239, 241,242 Musala Volcanic Formation 110, 111 Jurassic-Cretaceous 160 volcanic setting 67, 68, 68 Musi Fault 100, 103 Miocene-Pliocene 163-164 Mentawai Basin 131, 140, 141 Mutus Assemblage 36, 196, 217, 234, 235, 238 Palaeocene 161 Mentawai Fault 7, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15, 22, 177, 184 Myriopora 43 Palaeozoic basins 148-149, 152 Mentulu Formation Woyla Group 159, 160 stratigraphic setting 30, 31 Nabana Volcanic Unit 47, 75, 77, 78, 79 Lehat Formation 139 structural setting 190, 192 Nabirong Formation 110, 119 Lelematua Formation 91, 95 tectonic setting 237, 239, 243 Nagan granodiorite 263 Lemat Formation 70, 90, 90, 92, 103, volcanic setting 66, 66, 67 Nankinella 37 104, 144, 230 Menumbing granite 261 Natal Lemat Sandstone 138, 139, 139 Mergui Basin 132 Woyla Accretionary Complex 76-78 Lematang Line 236 Mergui Microplate 234, 235 Woyla Group exposures 43-48 Lemau Formation 101, 110, ill, 266 Mergui Ridge 19, 132 Nb + Y discriminant diagram 57, 59 Leuser, Mt 187 Mergui Shelf 19 eNd 124 Lho Sukon Limestone 92 metals see mineral deposits (metallic) Neoproetus indicus 35 Lhok Sukon Deep 132, 133 metamorphic rocks Neoschwagerina 35,234 Lhok Sukon High 132, 133 dating 266 Neoschwagerina multiseptata 37 Lhok Sukon Trough 132 future researches 256 Neoschwagerina simplex 38 Lhoksukon Group 88 grade 47 neotectonics, future researches 258 Lho'nga Formation 43 Metapolygnathus polygnatoformis 37 Ngaol Formation 25, 29, 38, 39, 67, 68-69 Lhoong Formation 43, 81, 100, 263, 264 Meucampli Formation 88, 99, 102, 104, Nias Beds 91, 179, 183 lignite 145 133, 214 Nias Elbow 7, 8, 21, 185 Limau Manis Formation 37, 39, 40 Meukek Gneiss Complex, 81, 86 Nias Island 14, 180 Lingga Island 71, 73, 73 Meulaboh granodiorite 263 model of evolution 179-183 Lingsing Formation 49, 51, 76, 81,201,203 Meureudu Group 88 Nicobar Fan l, 3, 4, 7, 175, 186 Lirik Field 135 Minas Formation 89, 95, 136, 13Z 221 Nilo Formation 89, 137 Lithocodium 43 Minas High 136, 219 Ninety-East Ridge 1, 3, 175, 186 Loftulisa 48 mineral deposits (metallic) Nodasaria 36 Lokop-Kutacane Fault 208, 209 distribution map 148 North Pulai Field 131, 135 Lolo granite pluton 55, 59, 60, 118-119, 265 Eocene magmatic arc 159 North Sumatra Basin Loser Formation 107, 142 future economic potential 172-173 coal 142, 145 Lovfenipora 45 history of discoveries 147 drilling hazards 135 Lubuk Paraku tuff 78, 262 Jurassic-Cretaceous magmatic arc petroleum exploration history 131 Lubuk Terpa granite 262 158-159, 162 petroleum reserves 131 - 132 Lubukraya volcano 126 Late Cretaceous magmatic arc 159 petroleum systems 135 Lubuksikaping Fault 208, 210 Miocene- Pliocene magmatic arc 159-165 reservoir rocks 134 Neogene magmatic arc 165-175 source rocks 134-135 magnetic anomalies, Indian Ocean 7 Palaeocene magmatic arc 159 stratigraphy 88-89, 92, 133-134, 214-216 Malacca Microplate 234, 235 Palaeozoic basins 148-149, 152 structure 132, 132, 216-217 Malarco Formation 73, 73 timing of deposition 147, 151 tectonic setting 132-133 Malintang Volcano 225 Triassic-Jurassic magmatic arc 149-158 volcanism 99 Mandian Basin 141,223 Miocene Mandian Trough 220 mineralization 159 oil see petroleum resources manganese mineralization 161 palaeogeography 251, 252 Old Andesites 98, 104 Mangani Formation 112 stratigraphy 91-95 Old-Slates Formation 24 Maninjau Lake 123 volcanism 102-106, 110, 111, 112, 112 Oligocene mantle xenoliths 129 radiometric dating 100, 101,264 palaeogeography 253 Manunggal batholith 44, 249 tectonic relations 115-119 stratigraphy 88-91 Manunggal granite 262 Mirah Volcanic Formation 110, 111, 114 volcanism 105-107 Marapi volcano 126 molybdenum mineralization radiometric dating 100, 264 Marginatia 27 Jurassic-Cretaceous 159, 160 tectonic relations 113-115 Masmambang High 20 Late Cretaceous 160 Olodano Formation 183 Maurosoma Turbidite Formation 47 Miocene-Pliocene 159, 163-164 Ombilin Basin 94, 107, 131, 141 Medan granite 265 Palaeocene 161 coal resources 142, 145 Medial Malaya Line (Bentong-Raub Suture) Montlivaltia 43 compression 225-226 237, 238 Montlivaltia molkkana 38 extension 225 Medial Sumatra Line 238 Moscovicrinus 38 faulting 228 Medial Sumatra Tectonic Zone (MSTZ) 70, 71, Muara Enim Formation 90, 138, 139, folding 226-228 150-151, 191, 193, 195-196, 140, 144, 231 gravity 17, 18, 20 240-241,261 Muarasipongi granite batholith 55, 55, origin 224-225 Menanga Formation 51-52, 75, 78, 249 57, 58, 261, 262 sedimentary history 223-224 Menggala Formation 89, 92, 136, 137, 219, 221 Muarasoma Formation 43, 44 Ombilin Formation 94, 225, 227 -~ Mengkarang Formation Muarasoma Turbidite Formation 75, 77 Ombilin granite 54, 55, 260 stratigraphic setting 38, 39 Muereubo Volcanic Formation 110, 111 ophiolite 18, 22, 251 structural setting 218 Multidiscus padangensis 36 outer arc islands

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mdlange origin 183-184 Panyabungan batholith 262 Pini Island, gravity 20, 21 models of evolution 179-183 Panyabungan Graben 209, 210 placer tin 158 role of Mentawai Fault 184 Papan Formation 36 Planinvolutina 35 Outer Arc petroleum basins 140-141 Parafusulina 35, 37 plate motions 1, 7, 10, 110, 187 Oyo Complex 91 Parangbuloh granite 261 horizontal 10-14 Oyo Formation 183 Parapat Formation 88 rotation 253-256 Oyo Mdlange Complex 179 Parlumpangan Volcanic Unit 47, 75, 77 vertical 14 Pasaman Ultramafic Complex 75, 77, 84 plate reconstructions 234, 235 Pachiploia 36 Pasumah Formation 112 platinum mineralization 160 Padang, Woyla Accretionary Complex 78 Patah volcano 127 Pliocene Padang Ganting granite 260 Pavastehphyllum 37 mineralization 159-165 Padang tufts 123 Pawan Member 71 palaeogeography 253 Padangpanjang batholith 57 Payakumbuh Basin 223 stratigraphy 95 Padangpanjang granite 55 Payumbah granite 150 volcanism 108-109, 112 Padean granite 55, 59, 159, 263 Pemali granite 261 radiometric dating 100, 265 Pading granite 261 Pemali Group 32, 38, 72, 73 188-190, 190 tectonic relations 119 Pagarjati Graben 20 Pematang Formation 89, 89, 104, 136, plutonism Pahang Volcanic Belt 73 137, 137, 144, 221 radiometric age data Painan Formation 100, 106, 108, 264, 265 Pematang Group 89, 104 Mesozoic 260-263 Pait Island 72 Penangas granite 54-55 Palaeozoic 260 Palaeobotanic Expedition to Djambi 1 Penarum Formation 41 Tertiary 263-266 Palaeocene Peneta Formation 48, 200, 218, 249 see also granites mineralization 159 Permian Precambrian basement 25 palaeogeography 117 coal 142 Pseudocyclammina 41 volcanism 98-102, 103 palaeogeography 241,247- 249 Pseudocyclammina lituus 43 radiometric dating 263 plate setting 235 Pseudodoliolina 35, 37, 234 tectonic relations 111 plutonic-volcanic belt 84, 261 Pseudofusulina padangensis 37 palaeogeography East Sumatra 66-67 Pulau Weh volcano 126 Carboniferous 34- 35 West Sumatra 67-69, 68, 83 Pulaugadang granite 195 Early Permian 65, 241, 245 stratigraphy Pungkut-Barilas Fault 209, 210 Miocene 251 Peusangan Group 27, 28, Pungut Field 223,224 Palaeocene 117 35-40, 191, 193-195 pyroclastics, Quaternary 123-124 Permian 241, 245, 246 Tapanuli Group 25-29, 34-35, Permo-Trias 242-247 190-193 Quartzite Terrain 24, 26, 32, 34, 63, 234 Pliocene 253 Permocalculus ampullacea 43 Quaternary volcanic events Triassic 65, 250, 251 Perodinella 38 arc volcanics 124-125 palaeomagnetism, future researches 259 Persing Complex 32, 63 back-arc volcanism 125-130 palaeontology, future researches 256-257 Petani Formation 89, 95, 110, I11, 136, 137, hazard analysis 128, 129, 130 Palaeotextularia 30 220, 221 history of research 120 Palangki andesite 261 petroleum basins pyroclastics 123-124 Palembang batholith 150 Central Sumatra Basin 135-137 relation to Sumatra Fault System 213-214 Palembang Beds 89 intermontane 141 tectonic setting 120-123 Palembang Depression 138 North Sumatra Basin 131 - 135 Palembang Formation 90, 144 outer arc 140-141 Raba Limestone Formation 43, 81 Palembang Group 90 South Sumatra Basin 137-140 radiometric dating Palembang High 138 petroleum resources 131 igneous rocks 24, 54-55 Palepat andesite 262 first discovered 86, 131 Mesozoic 260-263 Palepat Formation future potential 258-259 Palaeozoic 260 stratigraphic setting 29, 37-38, 39, 39 tectonic setting 131 Tertiary 98, 263-266 structural setting 190, 218 petroleum systems metamorphic rocks 266 tectonic setting 234, 242 Central Sumatra Basin 137 Rajabasa volcano 127 volcanic setting 66, 67, 68, 69-70, North Sumatra Basin 135 Rampong Formation 107 70, 71, 82 South Sumatra Basin 140 Ranau, Lake 123,211,212 Palepat granite 262 Peuet Sague volcano 126 Ranau Formation 112 palinspastic cross sections 253, 254 Peunulin Sandstone 88 Ranau tufts 123 Panangas-Belinyu granite 261 Peusangan Group 35-40, 257 Ranau volcano 127 Pangabuhan Formation 30, 31 distribution maps 27, 28, 191 Ranau-Suwoh Fault 211,212 Panglong M~lange Formation 47, 78 structure 193-195 Ranto Sore Formation 47, 75 Pangururan Bryozoan Bed Peusangan High 132 Rantobi Sandstone Formation 47, 75, 77 palaeontology 256 Peutu Formation 88, 92, 94, 133, 134, Rau Graben 208, 210 stratigraphic setting 25, 28-29, 32, 36, 39 206, 214 Raub-Bentong Line 55, 57, 60, 61 structural setting 190, 191, 195 Phillipsia 35 Rawas Formation 48, 75, 78, 200, 218, 249 tectonic setting 239 Pinang Conglomerate 91, 94 Raya diorite 101, 108, 264 volcanic setting 67, 68, 69-70, 70, 71, 82 Pinapan Formation 110, 111,116, 119 Raya stock 100 Panti Formation 68, 69 Pini Basin 22 Rayeu Hinge 132

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Rb-Sr dating 24, 54, 260-264 Seurula Sandstone 131, 132, 133 Sipiso-piso lava dome 101, 265 reservoir rocks Shan Thai Block see Sibumasu Block Sise Limestone Formation 43, 81 Central Sumatra Basin 136 Si Gala Gala Schist Unit 47, 75, 77 Sitaban Formation 100, 104 North Sumatra Basin 134 Si Kumbu Turbidite Formation 47, 102, Situtup Formation 64, 69, 76 South Sumatra Basin 139-140 104, 264 Situtup Limestone Formation 27, 35, 39, Riau-Billiton Accretionary Complex 83 Siabu granite 55, 157 39, 40, 190, 194, 234, 239, 257 rifting, and petroleum generation 131 Sial) Formation 112 Siulak Formation 48, 76, 247 Robulina Clay 88 Sibaganding Formation 239, 242 skarn 69, 149, 157, 158 Rokan granite 55, 151, 157, 261 Sibau Gabbro Group 91, 182 Smeten Volcanic Formation 108 Rokan Uplift 219 Sibayak Complex 101, 265 Sontang granite 262 Rotalia Sandstone Formation 88 Sibayak volcano 126 Sopan granite 208-209, 210, 263 Rupat Island 24 Sibigio Limestone 91 Sorik Merapi Volcanic Centre 101, 126, 209 Sibolga Basin 131, 140, 141 source rocks S-type granites 55, 56-57, 60 Sibolga Formation 104, 142 Central Sumatra Basin 137 S. Manggajahan granite 262 Sibolga granite batholith 54, 55, 67, 150, 260, North Sumatra Basin 134-135 S. Mentaus granite 262 262, 263 South Sumatra Basin 140 S. Muara granite 262 Sibualbuali volcano 126 South Sumatra Basin S. Salai granite 262 Sibumasu Block 64, 65, 189, 190, 191, 234, coal 142-145 Sabu Formation 101, 105, 106, 265 237, 240, 241,242, 243, 244 drilling hazards 140 Salibi Volcanic Formation 110, 111 Sibumasu Terrane 25, 120, 122, 123, 188, 195, petroleum exploration history 137-138 Saligaro Volcanic Formation 110, 111 239, 242, 244 petroleum systems 130 Saling Formation 49, 51, 81, 81,201,203, 248 Sigala Complex 91 reservoir rocks 139-140 Samadua granite 264 Sigalagala granite 265 source rocks 140 Sanduduk Formation 116 Sigli High 132 stratigraphy 90-91, 93-95, 138-139, Sangkarewang Formation 90-91, 104, 106, Sigulai Formation 91 228-231 224, 228 Siguntur Formation 46, 48, 75, 78, 203 structure 229, 230, 231-233 Sapi Volcanic Formation 108, 109 Sihapas Formation 89, 107, 108, 109, 221 subcrop 78 Sarik-Gajah volcano 126 Sihapas Group 89, 92, 93, 136, 137, 219, tectonic setting 138 Sawahlunto Formation 93-94, 106, 144, 220, 221 volcanism 99 224, 227, 228 Sijunjung granite batholith 55, 56, 150, 260, Spathognatyodus campbelli 27 Sawahtambang Formation 93-94, 106, 261 87Sr/86Sr ratio 124, 150 108, 109, 224, 227, 228 Sikarara Volcanic Formation 100, 110, stick-slip cycle 13 Sayeung Volcanic Formation 100, 110, 111,116, 265 Stromatopora japonica 41 111,114, 264 Sikubu Formation 44 structural researches, future work 257 Schiefer Barisan Unit 200 Sikuleh granite batholith 43, 52, 55, 57, 159, structures, Batang Natal section 47 Schwagerina 37 248, 249, 262 Stylina girodi 41 SEATAR programme 3-4, 175 Sikumbu Formation 104, 264 Stylosmilia corallina 43 Seblat Formation 94, 106, 108, 109 Silungkang andesite 261 subduction Securai Shale 88 Silungkang Formation 28, 37, 39, 39, 66, angle 121 sedimentary basins, gravity 19-20 67, 67, 68, 69-70, 70, 83, 100, rate 86, 120, 175 seismic sections 13, 14 190, 242, 263, 264 roll-back 111 forearc 178 silver mineralization Sugi Island 71, 72 seismic tomography 22-23 Jurassic-Cretaceous 160 Sukadana basalt 125, 129-130 seismicity 7, 8, 9-10 Late Cretaceous 159, 161 Sukadana Plateau 125-129 Central area (2004-2005) 14-15 Miocene-Pliocene 163-164 Sulan tonalite pluton 55, 59, 60, 101, Enggano (2000) 11, 12-13 Palaeocene 159, 161 262, 265 Simuelue (2004) 9, I 1, 12, 13-14 Palaeozoic basins 148, 149, 152 Sulit Air Suite 55, 59, 60, 249, 260, 261 Sekincau-Belirang volcano 127 Woyla Group 158, 160 Sumatra, name origin 147 Semanggoi Formation 188, 240 Simarobu Turbidite Formation 47, 75, 77 Sumatran Fault System (Semanko Fault) Semanka Depression 211 Simbolon Formation 112 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, 120-121,123, 211,212 Semanko Fault see Sumatran Fault System Simeulue Basin 14 displacement 96 Sembilan High 136 Simeulue Island 18, 22, 180, 182 motion 252-254 Sembuang Formation 27, 35 seismicity 9, 11, 12, 13-14 Sumatran Fault Zone 203-204, 204 Semelit Formation 88, 100, 104 Simpang Gambir Megabreccia age 204-205 Senawar quartz diorite 263 Formation 47, 75 displacement 205 Sepintiang Limestone Formation 49-50, 51, Sinabung volcano 126 geographical character 81,201-203,248 Singkarak, Lake 210, 211 equatorial bifurcation 208- 210 Serbadjadi batholith 55, 154 Singkarak Fault System 211 north 206-208 Setiti granite batholith 66, 260 Singkarak (Ombilin) granite 260 Ranau section 212- 213 Seulawah Agam volcano 126 Singkel Basin 22 Singkarak section 210-211 Seulimeum Fault 206 Singkep granite 55 Sunda Strait 212-213 Seumayam Complex diorite 262 Singkep Island 32-35, 56, 61, 71 motion 205-206, 207 Seumpo Formation 95 Sipakpahi Fault 100 relation to Quaternary volcanic arc 213-214 Seureula Formation 88, 95, 112, 215, Siphenodendron 30 Sumatran Subduction System 4 216, 218 Siphoneae 38 Sumatrina 38

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Sumbing volcano 127 Tarikan M41ange 91 Plutonic-Volcanic Belt 73, 83-84 Sumpur granite 260 Tawar Formation 27, 35, 39 radiometric dating 260-261 Sunda Craton (Sundaland) 1, 3, 4 tectonics stratigraphy 35-38 Sunda Forearc see accretionary complex; models for evolution Tripa Volcanic Formation 110, 111 forearc basins; forearc ridge; Sunda evaluated 234-239 Trumon Volcanic Formation 110, 111 Trench revised 239-242 Tualang Formation 89, 136 Sunda Shelf 2, 19 role in igneous events Tuhur Formation 28, 37, 39, 190, 200 Sunda Strait 122 Eocene 113 tungsten mineralization 154, 155-156, 161 extension 110 Eocene-Miocene 113-118 faults 212-213 extrusion 110-111 U-Pb dating 54 Sunda Trench 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 176 Miocene 118-119 Ujeuen Limestone Formation 27, 35 gravity 22 Miocene-Pliocene 119 Ulai granite 111, 262, 263 seismic section 178 Palaeocene 111 Umu Mrlange 91 subduction processes 175-176 Palaeogene rotation 110 Uneun Unit 27, 35, 195 subduction and volcanism 120, 125 Telaga Limestone 92 Unga diorite 55 Sundaland 188 Telaga Said Field 86, 131 evolution of 247-249, 251 Telaga Tiga Field 86 Veerbeekina 38 granite affinities 60-61 Telisa Beds 90 volcanic rocks, dating of 260-265 Sungai granite 60 Telisa Formation 89, 92, 93, 94, 110, volcanism, we-Tertiary Sungai lsahan granite 55, 151,261 111, 136, 137, 219, 220, 221 Carboniferous 64-66, 82 Sungaipenuh granitoid 102, 266 Telisa Group 90 Jurassic-Cretaceous 74-780, 84-85 Suoh volcano 127 Telukkido Formation 28, 37, 39 Permian Surungan Formation 112 Tempilang Sandstone 38, 154, 190 East Sumatra 66-67 Susoh intrusion 262 Tertiary see Palaeocene; Eocene; West Sumatra 67-69, 83 Syringopora 30 Oligocene; Miocene; Pliocene Triassic 73, 83-84 Tetehosi Formation 183 volcanism, Quaternary Tabir Formation 48, 67, 68, 68, 69, 248 Teunom Limestone Formation 43, 81,201 arc volcanics 124-125 Takengon Line 208 Thaumatoporella porvosiculifera 43 back-arc volcanism 125-130 Takung Fault 225,226 Thecosmilia 35 hazard analysis 128, 129, 130 Takur-Takur Formation 112 Tigapuluh Arch 214, 217 history of research 120 Talakmau volcano 126 Tigapuluh Group 30-31 pyroclastics 123-124 Talang Akar Sandstone 138, 139, 139, 140 Tigapuluh High 135, 136, 138 relation to Sumatra Fault Talang volcano 126 Tigapuluh Mts 30, 31, 151 System 213-214 Talangakar Formation 90, 92, 93,230, 231 Tikus granite 261 tectonic setting 120-123 Tambak Baru volcanic unit 47, 75, 77, Timbahan granite 265 volcanism, Tertiary 78, 100, 262, 263 tin front 154, 158 Eocene 102-103, 104, 105 Tampur Formation 133 tin islands 1 geochemistry 109-110, 113, 114, Tampur Limestone Formation 87-88, granites 54, 60-61, 147 115, 116, 117 88, 214, 216 mineralization 148, 152, 155-156 history of research 98 Tanahbalah Complex 91 tin mineralization Miocene 106-108, 110, 111 Tandikat volcano 126 association with granite 149-150 Oligocene 103-106, 108, 109 Tandun Field 223, 224 contract of work signings 149 Palaeocene 98-102, 103 Tangla Formation 100, 107, 108, 109, Cretaceous magmatic arc 159, 160, 161 Pliocene 108-109, 112, 112 116, 264 Late Triassic-Early Jurassic arc relation to tectonics Tangse serpentinite 41, 76 Indosinian foreland 154 Eocene 113 Tangse stock 102, 265 Medial Sumatra Tectonic Zone 150-153 Eocene-Miocene 113-118 Tanjong Pandang granite pluton 55, 61, SE belt 154-158 Miocene 118-119 154, 261 West Sumatra 150 Palaeocene 111 Tanjung Gadang granite 262 Toba Caldera 8, 9-10, 18, 121 - 122, 124 Palaeogene rotation 110 Tanjung granite 55 Toba Lake 123 Pliocene 119 Tanjung Siantu metabasalt 261 Toba tufts 108, 123, 124, 214 volcanoes, active 2, 5, 121, 207, 213 Tanjungan amphibolite 266 Toba volcano 126 Vorbarisan Tectonic Unit 197- 200 Tantan granite 150, 153, 260 Toba-Tawar gravity low 19 Tapaktuan Formation 42, 81 Tobali granite 261 Wadati Benioff Zone (WBZ) 7, 8-9, 120 Tapaktuan granite 81,263 Tolopulai Formation 91 Wampu Field 131 Tapaktuan Volcanic Formation 159 topography 2 Way Bambang granite 55, 59, 115,264 Tapanuli Group Toru Fault 206, 209 Way Sulan gabbro 59, 262 distribution maps 26, 27, 28, 191 Toru Formation 110, 111,116, 119 Wentzzelloides 37 palaeogeography 34-35 Toweren Member 76 West Andaman Fault 177, 184 stratigraphy 25-29 trace element analyses 113, 114 West Java Sea 80 structure 190-193 transcurrent faulting 187 West Sumatra Block 63 Tarahan Formation 101, 106, 109, Transition Formation 89 West Sumatra plutonic-volcanic 114, 265 Triassic belt 67-69, 73, 83 Tarantam Formation 31 mineralization 149-158 Wharton Spreading Axis 111, 115, 185 Tarap Formation 31, 197 palaeogeography 65, 246, 247 Wood Horizon 90

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Woyla Accretionary Complex 76-80, 84 arc assemblage 42-43, 200, 201-203 Woyla Nappe 200-203,248-249 Aceh 76 correlated exposures Woyla Terranes 235, 237 Danau Diatas 76 Central Sumatra 46-48 geochemistry 79, 81 Natal 43-46 Zaphrentites 27 Gunung Kerinci 78 Southern Sumatra 48-52 zinc mineralization Lampung 78 distribution maps 41, 191 Eocene-Miocene 161 Natal 76-78 limestone assemblage 43 Jurassic-Cretaceous 160 ocean arc fragments 80-81 mineralization 159, 160 Late Cretaceous 161 Padang 78 oceanic assemblage 4l-42, 190, Miocene-Pliocene 163-164 South Sumatra Basin subcrop 78 200- 201,234 Palaeocene 161 Tembesi-Rawas Mts 78 radiometric age 263 Palaeozoic basins 148-149, 152 West Java Sea 80 structure and tectonic setting 189, Woyla Group 159, 160 Woyla Group 52-53 200-203, 248-249 zircon ages 54

Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3854425/9781862394063_backmatter.pdf by guest on 02 October 2021 Sumatra Geology, Resources and Tectonic Evolut,on

Edited by A. J. Barber, M.J. Crow and J. S. Milsom

This volume provides the first comprehensive account of the geology of Sumatra since the masterly synthesis of van Bemmelen (1949). Following the establishment of the Geological Survey of Indonesia, after WW II, the whole island has been mapped geologically at the reconnaissance level, with the collaboration of the geological surveys of the United States and the United Kingdom. The mapping programme, completed in the mid-1990s, together with supplementary data obtained by academic institutions and petroleum and mineral exploration companies, has resulted in a vast increase in geological information, which is summarized in this volume. The synthesis of structural controls on sedimentation and magmatism during the tectonic evolution of Sumatra since the late Palaeozoic has provided a background for the formation of economic deposits of metallic minerals, coal, oil and gas. The volume provides a sound basis for future geological research and for the exploration of the energy and mineral resources of the island.

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Geological Society web site: http:llwww.geolsoc.org.uk

Cover illustration: ISBN 1-86239-180-7 Main image: topographic map of Sumatra, courtesy NASAIJPL-Caltech. Top right: eruption of Merapi from Bukit Tinggi, 19 July 1993; photograph by A. J. Barber. Bottom right: oil-drilling rig in the jungle, central Sumatra; photograph by Chuck Gaughey, Caltex Pacific, Indonesia. >

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