Programme In support of Africa's Agenda 2063: pathways forward for expanding peaceful uses of nuclear energy and nuclear technology in Africa Monday 24 – Friday 28 February 2020 | WP1763 To be held in South Africa This conference and workshop will be convened between senior African policy and technical experts from governments, regulators, academia, industry and their regional and international partners. The participants will consider the successes and challenges related to the peaceful applications of nuclear energy and nuclear technologies in Africa and will identify pathways for expanding and strengthening the contribution of these peaceful applications to support Africa’s development goals (Agenda 2063, the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the Common African Position (CAP post-2015)) as well as to develop a common understanding of regional positions on peaceful uses to inform the Presidency of the 2020 Non Proliferation Treaty Review Conference. In association with the Government of Canada and The African Commission on Nuclear Energy (AFCONE)

Monday 24 February

1700 Participants arrive

1900 Informal dinner

Tuesday 25 February Peaceful uses and sustainable development: supporting agriculture development, human health and environmental protection

From 0700 Breakfast

0900-0930 Welcome and introduction Mark Smith Senior Programme Director, Wilton Park, Steyning Messaoud Baaliouamer Executive Secretary, African Commission on Nuclear Energy (AFCONE), Pretoria

Rafael Grossi (video message) Director General, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna

0930-1100 1. Nuclear applications for sustainable development This session will explore topics including the benefits of non-power applications, environmental protection, and water resource management. Benefits of non-power applications Najat Mokhtar Deputy Director General and Head, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna Water resource management Jodie Miller Associate Professor, Earth Sciences Undergraduate Programme Coordinator, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University Discussion questions: • What are the building blocks/elements and conducive environment for the sustainable application of nuclear technology to achieve lasting impact? • Under which conditions can these projects be replicated in other countries in Africa? • Where are the concrete challenges and gaps in knowledge and /or regulatory environment that need to be addressed to support effective replication across the continent?

1100-1130 Tea/coffee

1130-1300 2. Nuclear applications for agriculture and livestock production: case studies This session will draw on case studies where nuclear applications have been utilised for agriculture production, crop improvement and the diagnose of diseases in livestock and in the prevention of the spread of livestock diseases. Chair: Mokdad Maksoudi Consultant, Peaceful Uses Expert, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna Crop improvement Lydia-Ndinelao Horn Researcher, University of Namibia, Windhoek Maliata Athon Wanga Agricultural Scientific Officer, Namibian Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry, Tsumeb Using nuclear technology to improve animal health and production Samantha Letsholo Principal Veterinary Officer, Botswana National Veterinary Laboratory, Gaborone Discussion questions: • What are the building blocks/elements and conducive environment for the sustainable application of nuclear technology to achieve lasting impact? • Under which conditions can these projects be replicated in other countries in Africa? • Where are the concrete challenges and gaps in knowledge and /or regulatory environment that need to be addressed to support effective replication across the continent?

1300-1400 Lunch 1400-1500 Free time and briefing for facilitators

1500-1615 3. Improving outcomes for cancer management in Africa Peaceful uses of nuclear technology and nuclear energy are fundamental to cancer treatment. This session will discuss how sustainable cancer therapy can be ensured on the African continent, the advances in the use of nuclear medicine to diagnose and treat cancer, as well as the challenges facing African oncologists in providing cancer therapy. Improving outcomes for cancer management in Africa: practical solutions Cristina Stefan Director, African Medical Research and Innovation Institute (AMRII), Cape Town Advances in the use of nuclear medicine to diagnose and treat cancer: increasing benefits for Africa Mike Sathekge Head, Nuclear Medicine Department, University of Pretoria A case study in sustainable cancer therapy Kennedy Lishimpi Director Cancer Control and Consultant Clinical Radiation Oncologist, Cancer Diseases Hospital, Ministry of Health, Lusaka Discussion questions: • What are the building blocks for a sustainable cancer therapy program? • What are the challenges that prevent countries from providing early diagnoses and sustainable cancer treatment? • What actions can be taken regionally and internationally to address concrete challenges and gaps?

1615-1700 Group photo followed by tea/coffee

1700-1830 4. Ensuring the safe, secure and sustainable applications of nuclear technologies The purpose of this guided discussion is to bring together outcomes from the day’s sessions identifying building blocks and challenges. Chair: Khammar Mrabit Director-General, Moroccan Agency for Nuclear and Radiological Safety and Security (AMMSNuR); Chairman, Forum of Nuclear Regulatory Bodies in Africa, Rabat Discussion questions: • What constitutes sustainability? • What are the non-regulatory difficulties in using radioactive sources? (such as denials and delays of shipment) • What modalities exist to support African countries in the development of regulatory frameworks? • What are the challenges related to the safe and secure applications of nuclear technologies? • What actions can be taken regionally and internationally to address concrete challenges and gaps?

1900 Reception followed by dinner

Wednesday 26 February Facilitating nuclear power on the African continent

From 0700 Breakfast

0900-1030 5. Nuclear power: new technologies for power generation What are the regulatory challenges in ensuring the safe, secure and safeguarding of Small Modular Reactors? This session will share lessons learned from key stakeholders. It will also consider the conditions which countries must meet to be prepared for nuclear power, safety, safeguards and security challenges facing advanced technologies and end-users. It will then explore developing the regulatory framework and the experience of embarking Small Modular Reactor (SMR) countries. Chair: Bismark Tyobeka Chief Executive Officer, National Nuclear Regulator, Centurion What conditions must countries meet to be prepared for nuclear power? Eric Mathet Senior Nuclear Engineer, Nuclear Infrastructure Development Section, Nuclear Power Division, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna Safety, safeguards and security challenges facing advanced technologies and end- users Anita Nilsson Associate Fellow, International Security, Chatham House, London Nuclear cooperation and export controls in the SMR era – Canada’s regulatory experience Elaine Kanasewich Senior Advisor, Nuclear Non-Proliferation, Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission, Ottawa

1030-1100 Tea/coffee

1100-1230 6. What does it mean to be a nuclear operating country in the national, regional and global context? Safety and security Mosa Raseswe Group Executive, South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (NECSA), Pretoria Conformity with the international conventions (nuclear safety and others) Julian Gadano Former Undersecretary of Nuclear Energy of and former Chair of IFNEC, Professor of Political Science and Government, Discussion questions: • What challenges do developing countries face when embarking on nuclear power? • What challenges do developing countries face when implementing safeguards for a nuclear power plant (NPP)?

1230-1400 Lunch and free time

1400-1530 7. Enhancing relationships and capacity building: investing in the expansion of peaceful uses This session will explore the role of multilateral organisations, at the regional level. It will also discuss the role of recipient countries including public private partnerships. Regional Organisations: supporting training, capacity building and regional coordination Messaoud Baaliouamer Executive Secretary, African Commission on Nuclear Energy (AFCONE), Pretoria • Role of AFCONE • Challenges and lessons learned Khammar Mrabit Director-General, Moroccan Agency for Nuclear and Radiological Safety and Security (AMMSNuR); Chairman, Forum of Nuclear Regulatory Bodies in Africa, Rabat • Role of the Forum of Nuclear Regulatory Bodies in Africa (FNRBA) • Challenges and lessons learned Discussion questions: • What are the challenges facing regional organisations and international organisations in providing support to countries to expand their peaceful uses? • What is the role of the NPT in promoting non-power applications? • What are the lessons learned and best practices from regional cooperation for future collaboration? • How can recipient countries increase their engagement and communication with regional and international organisations? • What interventions are required to increase education and training and create and retain a nuclear workforce for the future? • Creating public/private partnerships: challenges and best practice

1530-1600 Tea/coffee

1600-1730 8. International partners: supporting training, capacity building and international coordination This session will explore the role of multilateral organisations at the international level, including the role of recipient countries and public private partnerships. Giovanni Cattoli Laboratory Head, Animal Production and Health, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Network (VETLAB), IAEA Laboratories, Seibersdorf Alessia Rodriguez y Baena Unit Head (Radioactive Material Security), International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna Willem Janssens Head of Department, Nuclear Safeguards and Security, European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Brussels

1730-1745 Express tea/coffee break

1745-1900 9. Youth, women and education networks This session will explore the role of education, youth and women’s networks. Gaopalelwe Santswere President, African Young Generation in Nuclear (AYGN), Nairobi Nadir Omar Hashim Senior Lecturer, Department of Physics, Kenyatta University, Nairobi Harriet Danso-Abbeam Senior Research Scientist, Nuclear Chemistry and Environmental Research Centre, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC), Accra

1930 Reception followed by dinner Thursday 27 February The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) at 50: pathways to developing and expanding peaceful uses in Africa

From 0700 Breakfast

0900-1030 10. Peaceful uses and the NPT framework The 50th Anniversary of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) provides an opportunity to consider the impact of the NPT on the region. How has the Treaty facilitated the application of peaceful uses in Africa over the last 50 years? How can this important and valuable tool be used to expand peaceful uses in support of Africa’s development goals over the next 50 years? What is the vision for the 50th Anniversary and the 2020 RevCon? This session will also provide an overview and explore the outcomes from NPT Preparatory Committee Meeting I, II and III. Peaceful uses and the NPT framework Gustavo Zlauvinen (video message) President Designate of the 2020 Review Conference for the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT); Former Deputy Foreign Minister at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Worship of Argentina, Buenes Aires Overview and outcomes from NPT preparatory committee meeting I, II and III Tom Coppen Senior Policy Officer, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, The Hague Feedback from Abuja and Addis meetings Charles Oko Counsellor, Permanent Mission of Nigeria to the International Organisations, Vienna Discussion questions: • To what extent could a discussion about the peaceful uses of nuclear technologies create an environment conducive to a successful outcome at the 2020 NPT review conference? • What forward-looking steps would you like to see come out of the 2020 RevCon?

1030-1100 Tea/coffee

1100-1300 11. Breakout session: pathways forward: challenges, needs and solutions Participants will consider the outcomes of the first two days of discussion and look at how they link to the NPT framework and the African continent. Participants will be broken into four breakout groups: Group 1: Expanding nuclear non-power applications to support health outcomes within the framework of the NPT Group 2: Expanding nuclear non-power applications to enhance environmental outcomes within the framework of the NPT Group 3: Using the NPT to leverage nuclear power as a safe, secure and affordable source of electricity for all Group 4: Using the NPT to strengthen and leverage regional partnerships and networks

While the breakout groups will each consider different themes, they will also all be asked to consider the following: • Obstacles • Concrete actions • Actors Facilitators: Anita Nilsson Associate Fellow, International Security, Chatham House, London Mosa Raseswe Group Executive, South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (NECSA), Pretoria Nadir Omar Hashim Senior Lecturer, Department of Physics, Kenyatta University, Nairobi Danielle Dahlstrom Consultant, Vienna

1300-1430 Lunch

1430-1600 12. Feedback from breakout groups: how to leverage the NPT for peaceful uses in the African continent A guided discussion on the needs, challenges and solutions identified during the breakout sessions. What are the pathways forward to implementation of solutions to the common challenges and how do these challenges impact on the ability of African countries to maximise the utilisation of nuclear technology in development, including nuclear power for electricity generation? How can we address this in the context of the NPT?

1600-1630 Tea/coffee

1630-1645 13. Evaluation survey Completion of online survey

1645-1800 14. Summary, outcomes and concluding remarks Final discussion and reflections Messaoud Baaliouamer Executive Secretary, African Commission on Nuclear Energy (AFCONE), Pretoria David Verbiwski Deputy Director, Nuclear Compliance and Cooperation, Non-Proliferation and Disarmament Division (IGN), Global Affairs Canada, Ottawa

1830 Reception followed by dinner

Friday 28 February

From 0700 Checkout and breakfast

0900 Participants depart