978-5-7148-0655-1.Pdf

Ⱦɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɭɤɢ Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ Ʉɭɡɛɚɫɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ

Ⱦɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ – ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ

Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɦɟɠɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ, ɇɨɜɨɤɭɡɧɟɰɤɢɣ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɣɨɧ, 9 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ 2018 ɝɨɞɚ

Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɨ 2018 ɍȾɄ 373.3 Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɨ ȻȻɄ 74.20 ɭɱɟɧɵɦ ɫɨɜɟɬɨɦ Ʉɭɡɛɚɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ Ⱦ70 ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ

Ɋɟɞɚɤɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɤɨɥɥɟɝɢɹ ȿ. Ⱥ. ɉɚɯɨɦɨɜɚ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɞɨɰɟɧɬ, ɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɶ ɝɭɛɟɪɧɚɬɨɪɚ Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɭɤɢ, ɩɨɱɟɬɧɵɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɊɎ; Ⱥ. ȼ. ɑɟɩɤɚɫɨɜ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɞɨɰɟɧɬ, ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɢɤ ɞɟɩɚɪɬɚ- ɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɭɤɢ Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ; Ʌ. ȼ. ɑɜɚɧɨɜɚ, ɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɞɟɩɚɪɬɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɭɤɢ Ʉɟ- ɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚ- ɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɱɟɬɧɵɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɊɎ; Ɉ. Ƚ. Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɲɥɵɤɨɜɚ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ, ɪɟɤɬɨɪ ɄɊɂɉɄɢɉɊɈ, ɩɨɱɟɬɧɵɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɊɎ; Ɍ. Ȼ. ɂɝɨɧɢɧɚ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɞɨɰɟɧɬ, ɩɪɨɪɟɤɬɨɪ ɩɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ- ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɄɊɂɉɄɢɉɊɈ, ɩɨɱɟɬɧɵɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɊɎ; ȼ. Ƚ. ɑɟɪɟɦɢɫɢɧɚ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɞɨɰɟɧɬ, ɡɚɜɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɨɣ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɄɊɂɉɄɢɉɊɈ, ɝ. Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɨ; ȿ. ɉ. Ʌɟɛɟɞɟɜɚ, ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɞɨɰɟɧɬ, ɞɨɰɟɧɬ ɤɚɮɟɞɪɵ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɄɊɂɉɄɢɉɊɈ, ɝ. Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɨ

Ⱦɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ – ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ Ⱦ70 ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɦɟɠɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱ- ɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ, ɇɨɜɨɤɭɡɧɟɰɤɢɣ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɣɨɧ, 9 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ 2018 ɝɨɞɚ / ɪɟɞɤɨɥ.: ȿ. Ⱥ. ɉɚɯɨɦɨɜɚ, Ⱥ. ȼ. ɑɟɩɤɚɫɨɜ, Ʌ. ȼ. ɑɜɚɧɨɜɚ ɢ ɞɪ. – Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɨ: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɄɊɂɉɄɢɉɊɈ, 2018. – 305 ɫ. ISBN 978-5-7148-0655-1

ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɩɨ ɢɬɨɝɚɦ ɦɟɠɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ «Ⱦɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ – ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɩɨ- ɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ», ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɜɲɟɣ 9 ɧɨɹɛɪɹ 2018 ɝɨɞɚ ɜ ɇɨ- ɜɨɤɭɡɧɟɰɤɨɦ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ. ȼɫɟ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɬ ɪɟɰɟɧɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ (ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɧɭɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ). Ɍɨɱɤɚ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɢ ɧɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɭɟɦɵɯ ɫɬɚɬɟɣ. ɋɬɚɬɶɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɚɜ- ɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɢ. Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɰɢɬɚɬ, ɢɦɟɧ, ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɜ ɨɛ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɫɭɬ ɚɜɬɨɪɵ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɭɟ- ɦɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ.

ɍȾɄ 373.3 ȻȻɄ 74.20

ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ

ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚ- ɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭ ɪɚɡɥɢɱ- ɧɵɯ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢ- ɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨɦ, ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɨɛɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɭɫɩɟɯɚ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼɚɠɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬ- ɫɹ «ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ», ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɚɹ ɡɚɛɨɬɭ ɨ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɟ, ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɧɟɦɭ, ɥɸɛɨɜɶ, ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɟɝɨ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɚɥɢ- ɡɚɰɢɢ. ɉɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɵɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɟɞɚ- ɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ, ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɢ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ, ɤɨ- ɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɡɚɬɪɨɧɭɥɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɭɸ ɠɢɡɧɶ: ɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɢɫɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɨ- ɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɢ, ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɢ ɧɚɲɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ, ɪɨɞɢ- ɬɟɥɢ ɢ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢ. ɋɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɜɨɫ- ɩɪɢɹɬɢɸ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɶ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧ- ɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ. ɍɱɢɬɟɥɸ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɤɥɨɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɚɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢ- ɤɨɜ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɧɚɭɱɢɥɢɫɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɜɨ- ɩɪɨɫɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɧɢɦɢ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɮɨɪɦɭ- ɥɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɢɯ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɛɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ. ɑɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɩɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ. Ɉɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɧɚ ɤɚɤɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɢ ɤɚɤɢɦɢ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢ- ɹɦɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɥɚɞɟɟɬ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝ, ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɝɢɛɤɨ ɨɧ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɟɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ, ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ. ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɦɟɠɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟ- ɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɭɱɢ- ɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ, ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ-ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɚɫɩɢɪɚɧɬɨɜ, ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ, ɭɱɟɧɵɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɭɝɚ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ, ɮɨɪɦɚ- ɦɢ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɢɯ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨ- ɝɢɹɦɢ, ɢɧɤɥɸɡɢɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ. 3

Ɋɚɡɞɟɥ 1. Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ

Section 1. Methods of the formation and assessment of primary schoolchildren’s achievements

ɍȾɄ 373.31 Ɉ. Ɏ. Ⱥɧɬɢɩɢɧɚ, ɇ. Ⱥ. Ɍɨɥɨɱɤɢɧɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɑɢɫɬɨɝɨɪɫɤɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ» ɇɨɜɨɤɭɡɧɟɰɤɢɣ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɣɨɧ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]

ȼɢɞɵ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ

ɋɬɚɬɶɹ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚ ɜɢɞɚɦ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ. ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɨɰɟɧɢ- ɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ.

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɰɟɧɤɚ, ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɚ, ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ.

O. F. Antipina, N. A. Tolochkina, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «Chistogorsky General Education School» Novokuznetsk urban district, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]

Types of assessment of primary school children’s achievements

The article is devoted to the types of assessment of educational results achieved by primary school children. The authors discuss modern assessment tools that primary school teachers can use to assess learners’ knowledge and achievements.

Assessment system, grades, self-esteem, achievements.

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ – ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. Ɉɧɚ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɭ ɨɛɪɟɫɬɢ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɭɸ ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɭ.

4 ɇɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɟ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɢ ɯɨɬɹɬ ɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɩɨɯɜɚɥɭ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ. Ʉɚɤ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ, ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɦɨɬɢɜɚ- ɰɢɸ ɭ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɟɬɢ ɧɟ ɛɨɹɥɢɫɶ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɰɟ- ɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ? Ʉɚɤ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɦɵ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵ ɡɚ ɭɫɩɟɯɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɫɚɦɢɦɢ ɭɱɟɧɢ- ɤɚɦɢ, ɢɯ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɭɦɟɟɬ ɢ ɡɧɚɟɬ ɧɚɲ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢ ɧɚɦ ɫɚɦɢɦ. Ɉɰɟɧɢɜɚɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ. Ɇɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ. ɇɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ – ɷɬɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɛɨɪ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɢɡ ɫɟɛɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ ɜ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ɐɟɥɶ ɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ: ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɞɚɠɟ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫ; ɭɫɢɥɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɩɭɬɺɦ ɩɨɯɜɚɥɵ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ. ɗɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ: 1. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɯɜɚɥɵ ɞɚɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ, ɧɨ ɩɨ- ɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ. 2. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɟɜ ɜ ɬɟɬɪɚɞɹɯ. 3. Ⱦɚɪɟɧɢɟ ɫɦɚɣɥɢɤɨɜ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ «Ɇɨɥɨɞɟɰ!», «Ɉɬɥɢɱɧɨ!» ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ. 4. ɇɚɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɚɪɨɱɤɚɦɢ (ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɢ, ɧɚɤɥɟɣɤɢ, ɛɥɨɤɧɨɬɵ). 5. Ɋɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɲɬɚɦɩɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɟɫɺɥɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɝɪɭɫɬɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ ɜ ɩɪɨɩɢ- ɫɹɯ ɢ ɬɟɬɪɚɞɹɯ. 6. ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ «ɉɨɪɬɮɟɥɹ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ» ɞɥɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ «ɉɨɪɬɮɟɥɟɦ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ» ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ. ɋɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɞɟɬɢ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɸɬ ɜɫɟ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɞɟɬ- ɫɤɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɝɪɚɦɨɬ, ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɤ, ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɣ, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɬɟ- ɫɬɨɜ, ɫɞɟɥɚɧɧɵɟ ɡɚ 4 ɝɨɞɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ. ɉɨɪɬɮɨɥɢɨ ɫɬɚɧɨ- ɜɢɬɫɹ «ɢɫɬɨɪɢɟɣ ɭɫɩɟɯɚ», ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨ- ɝɪɟɫɫ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɬɮɨɥɢɨ – ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɜɫɟ, ɧɚ ɱɬɨ ɬɵ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟɧ. ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɭ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɩɨɪɬɮɨɥɢɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɢ- ɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɫɬɢɱɧɵɦ, ɧɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɜɟɪɵ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ, ɜ ɫɜɨɢ ɫɢɥɵ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɩɭɬɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɨɪɬɮɨɥɢɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɰɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɟ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɫɭɞɢɬɶ ɨ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ. ɇɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɺɬ ɫɤɪɵɬɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɟ ɩɭ- ɝɚɟɬ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɚ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɟɢɡɛɟɠɟɧ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɦɟɬɨɱ- ɧɨɦ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɢ. ɋɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ – ɷɬɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɫɚɦɢɦ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɨɦ, ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɶ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɫɩɟɯ. ɗɬɨɬ ɜɢɞ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜɚɠɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ. 5 ɋɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ – ɞɟɬɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɟɛɹ ɬɨɝɞɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɟɫɬɶ ɰɟɥɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɧɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɰɟɧɨɱɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ: ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɰɟɥɢ; ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ; ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ; ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɵɜ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɰɟ- ɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɵɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ. ɋɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɸ ɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɦɭ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɭ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɩɪɨ- ɰɟɞɭɪɭ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨɣ, ɹɫɧɨɣ, ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢ ɛɟɡɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɧɧɨɣ. Ɇɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɢ: 1. «ɐɜɟɬɧɵɟ ɨɝɨɧɶɤɢ» ɉɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɚɦɨ- ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɵɦ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹɦ. ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɞɟɬɢ ɪɢɫɭɸɬ ɰɜɟɬɧɵɟ ɤɪɭɠɨɱɤɢ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɩɪɨɲɥɚ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ, ɭɱɟɧɢɤ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɥ, ɜɫɟ ɡɚɞɚ- ɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɧɵ, ɬɨ ɨɧ ɪɢɫɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɹɯ ɡɟɥɟɧɵɣ ɤɪɭɠɨɤ. ȿɫɥɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɧɟ- ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɹ, ɢɥɢ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɨɫɬɚɥɨɫɶ ɧɟɹɫɧɵɦ, ɬɨ ɜ ɬɟɬɪɚɞɢ ɪɢɫɭɟɬɫɹ ɠɟɥɬɵɣ ɤɪɭɠɨɤ. ȿɫɥɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ ɧɟ ɫɦɨɝ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɩɪɚɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ, ɬɨ ɨɧ ɪɢɫɭɟɬ ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ ɤɪɭɠɨɤ. 2. «ȼɨɥɲɟɛɧɵɟ ɥɢɰɚ» ȿɫɥɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ ɞɨɜɨɥɟɧ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ, ɭ ɧɟɝɨ ɜɫɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥɨɫɶ, ɨɧ ɪɢɫɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɹɯ ɬɟɬɪɚɞɢ ɭɥɵɛɚɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɥɢɰɨ. ȿɫɥɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɧɟ ɜɫɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥɨɫɶ, ɨɧ ɪɢɫɭɟɬ ɫɩɨɤɨɣɧɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ. ȿɫɥɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɨ, ɪɢɫɭɟɬ ɝɪɭɫɬɧɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ. 3. «əɡɵɤ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ» ɍ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɧɚ ɩɚɪɬɟ ɜɟɟɪ ɫ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚɦɢ: + «ə ɩɨɧɹɥ ɜɫɟ»; – «ɇɟ ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɭɫɜɨɢɥ, ɫɨɦɧɟɜɚɸɫɶ»; ? «ɇɟ ɩɨɧɹɥ». ɍɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɨɫɢɬ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɵ, ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɨ- ɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ. ɉɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɞɨɝɨɜɨ- ɪɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɨɛ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ. 4. «ȼɨɥɲɟɛɧɚɹ ɥɢɧɟɟɱɤɚ» «ȼɨɥɲɟɛɧɚɹ ɥɢɧɟɟɱɤɚ» ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨɣ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɪ- ɦɨɣ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ: ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɭ ɭɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɭɫɩɟɯɢ; ɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɭɱɟɛɧɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ; ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ. ɍɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɹɯ ɬɟɬɪɚɞɟɣ ɱɟɪɬɹɬ ɲɤɚɥɭ ɢ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɬ ɤɪɟɫɬɢɤɨɦ, ɧɚ ɤɚɤɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ, ɩɨ ɢɯ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ. ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɟ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ,

6 ɟɫɥɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɟɧ ɫ ɨɰɟɧɤɨɣ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ, ɨɛɜɨɞɢɬ ɤɪɟɫɬɢɤ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟɬ, ɬɨ ɱɟɪɬɢɬ ɫɜɨɣ ɤɪɟɫɬɢɤ, ɧɢɠɟ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɲɟ. ɋɨɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ: «Ɇɨɥɨɞɟɰ! Ɍɵ ɭɦɟɟɲɶ ɫɟɛɹ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ». ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɡɚɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ, ɚ ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɚɧɢɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɫɹ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɟɳɟ ɪɚɡ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɭ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɢɬ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɪɚɡ ɛɵɬɶ ɤ ɫɟɛɟ ɞɨɛ- ɪɟɟ ɢɥɢ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɫɬɪɨɠɟ. 5. «Ⱦɟɪɟɜɨ ɭɫɩɟɯɨɜ» ɂɬɨɝɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɞɧɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɢɬɶ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ «Ⱦɟɪɟɜɨ ɭɫɩɟɯɨɜ». Ⱦɟɬɢ ɧɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɦ «ɞɟɪɟɜɟ ɭɫɩɟɯɚ» ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɩɪɢɤɪɟɩɥɹɸɬ ɩɥɨɞ, ɰɜɟɬɨɤ ɢɥɢ ɥɢɫɬɨɤ: ɩɥɨɞ – «ɜɫɟ ɭɞɚɥɨɫɶ», ɰɜɟ- ɬɨɤ – «ɧɟɩɥɨɯɨ ɩɨɪɚɛɨɬɚɥ, ɧɨ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɧɟ ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɨɫɶ», ɥɢɫɬɨɤ – «ɫɟ- ɝɨɞɧɹ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɨɫɶ, ɧɨ ɹ ɧɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɸɫɶ». Ɋɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ ɩɪɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɭ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣ- ɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɟ. Ƚɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɟ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ (ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɚ) – ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɋɟɛɺɧɨɤ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɨɛɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɜɧɟ ɭɪɨɤɚ ɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ. ɒɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɭ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɡɧɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɨ ɧɺɦ ɞɭɦɚɸɬ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɟɝɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɸɬ ɨɞɧɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɢ. ɉɪɢɟɦ «Ƚɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɟ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ» ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɟɧ ɜ 4-ɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ, ɨɧ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ɍɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹ- ɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɸɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ. ȼ ɪɟ- ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɩɨɞ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɬ ɤ ɨɛ- ɳɟɦɭ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɯ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɛɥɢɡɤɚ ɤ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɧɢ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɥɢ ɷɬɢɦ ɭɦɟɧɢɟɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ: ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɱɟɬɤɢɯ ɷɬɚɥɨɧɨɜ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ; ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɫɨɛ- ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ; ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɬɚɥɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ; ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɨɛ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɞɟɥɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɱɟɛɧɭɸ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ, ɩɨɨɳɪɹɬɶ ɢɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɚ- ɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ; ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɜɧɨɣ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɣ (ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɣ) ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ. Ɏɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ – ɷɬɨ ɜɵɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɯ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ

7 ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɭɦɟɧɢɣ, ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. ɉɪɢ ɮɨɪ- ɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɵ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɫ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɦ, ɭɱɟɧɢɤ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ. ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɫɥɚɛɵɟ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɫɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɟ ɲɚɝɢ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ, ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɹɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ, ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ- ɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɛɟɡɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɧɚ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ʌɚɪɢɧɚ, Ⱥ. Ȼ. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ: ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ / Ⱥ. Ȼ. Ʌɚɪɢɧɚ. – Ʉɚɥɢɧɢɧɝɪɚɞ: ɄɈɂɊɈ, 2011. [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ] – Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: http://www. dissercat.com/content/psikhologo-pedagogicheskie-usloviya-formirovaniya- poznavatelnoi-samootsenki-mladshikh-shkoln (ɞɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ: 22.09.2018). 2. ɐɭɤɟɪɦɚɧ, Ƚ. Ⱥ. Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɛɟɡ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ / Ƚ. Ⱥ. ɐɭɤɟɪɦɚɧ. – Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ – Ɋɢɝɚ: ɉ «ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬ», 1999. [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ] – Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: https://www.twirpx.com/file/1382841/ (ɞɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ: 27.09.2018). 3. Ɏɢɲɦɚɧ, ɂ. ɋ. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɭɱɚɳɢɯ- ɫɹ: ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ / ɂ. ɋ. Ɏɢɲɦɚɧ, Ƚ. Ȼ. Ƚɨɥɭɛ. – ɋɚɦɚɪɚ: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ «ɍɱɟɛɧɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ», 2007. – 244 ɫ. [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ] – Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: https://prohorovaon.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/ d184d0b8d188d0bcd0b0d0bd2.pdf (ɞɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ: 12.10.2018).

ɍȾɄ 372.41 ɂ. ɋ. Ȼɚɡɟɧɤɨ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ȿɥɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ» ɇɨɜɨɤɭɡɧɟɰɤɢɣ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɣɨɧ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]

Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ

ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɺɦɵ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ.

ɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ, ɫɚ- ɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ. 8 I. S. Bazenko, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «Elan General Education School» Novokuznetsk municipal district, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]

Formation of the correct reading activity in primary school

The article describes the pedagogical techniques of productive reading technology in the formation of the correct reading activity in primary school children.

Correct reading activity, productive learning, independent activity of learners.

ȼɫɟ ɦɵ ɡɧɚɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶ- ɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɧɟɡɚ- ɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɦ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɫɜɚɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ, ɨɧ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɭɠɧɭɸ ɟɦɭ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɨɫɦɵɫɥɢɜɚɬɶ. ɉɪɨɫɬɨ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ. Ⱥ ɜɨɬ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ, ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ – ɷɬɨ ɫɚɦɚɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ. ȼ. Ƚ. Ȼɟɥɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɩɢɫɚɥ: «Ʉɧɢɝɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɜ ɧɢɯ ɧɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɫɬɚɪɵɟ, ɢ ɦɚɥɵɟ» [2]. Ʉ ɦɨɟɦɭ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɦɭ ɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸ, ɷɬɨ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɪɚɬɢɥɨ ɫɜɨɸ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɞɟɬɢ ɜɫɟ-ɬɚɤɢ ɜɡɹɥɢ ɤɧɢɝɭ ɜ ɪɭɤɢ, ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬ ɤ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɟɦɚɥɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɷɬɭ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ ɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɚ ɇ. ɇ. ɋɜɟɬɥɨɜɫɤɚɹ. ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɟ- ɞɚɱɭ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɭ ɭɠɟ ɝɨɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ – ɷɬɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɚ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ – ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɪɨɥɢ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɚ ɢ ɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɡɞɚɥɟɤɚ ɪɭɤɨ- ɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɷɬɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ-ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ. Ⱦɟɬɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɭɦɚɸɬ, ɤɚɤ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɝɥɚɜɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ ɭɪɨɤɚ ɢ ɫɚɦɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɨɛɴɹɫ- ɧɢɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ. ɋ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ. ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ – ɷɬɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɩɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɡɚɤɨɧɵ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɥɧɨ- ɰɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ, ɚɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɭɸ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɸ. Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɬɪɢ ɷɬɚɩɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ – ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ɞɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɧ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɭ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟ, ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɤɧɢɝɭ. ɉɟɪɟɞ ɱɬɟɧɢɟɦ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸ ɩɪɢɺɦ «ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ», ɬɨ

9 ɟɫɬɶ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɸ, ɫɨɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɟɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫ ɡɚɝɥɚɜɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɡɚɝɥɚ- ɜɢɹ, ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɬɢ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ, ɨ ɱɟɦ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɬɟɤɫɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɢɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɨɢɬ ɱɢɬɚɬɶ. Ɏɢɤɫɢɪɭɸ ɢɯ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɤɟ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɲɭ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɢɦɹ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ. ɋɩɪɚɲɢɜɚɸ: «Ɂɧɚɤɨɦɨ ɥɢ ɜɚɦ ɷɬɨ ɢɦɹ? Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ ɜɵ ɩɨɦɧɢɬɟ? Ɉ ɱɟɦ ɷɬɢ ɩɪɨɢɡ- ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ?». ɉɨɫɥɟ ɢɯ ɨɬɜɟɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɦ ɧɚɲɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ. ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɷɬɚɩ – ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ. Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ. ɇɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ, ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɨɜɟ- ɪɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ. Ɋɟɛɹɬɚ ɱɢɬɚɸɬ ɜɫɥɭɯ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɢ ɚɛɡɚɰɚɦɢ ɫ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɹɦɢ, ɚ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɨ ɯɨɞɭ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɟɬ ɭɬɨɱɧɹɸɳɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɧɚ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɚɪɝɭ- ɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɬ ɫɜɨɸ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɸɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɠɢɞɚ- ɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɧɢ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ. Ɍɪɟɬɢɣ ɷɬɚɩ – ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ. Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɺɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɧɢ- ɦɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɭɝɥɭɛɢɬɶ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ, ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɨ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɟ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɩɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹɦ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɞɚ- ɧɢɹ. ɋ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɚ (ɞɚɠɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɭɱɟɫɬɶ ɟɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɷɬɚɩɧɨɫɬɶ), ɧɨ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ – ɧɟ ɧɚɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɚ. ɉɨ- ɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚɦ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɨɛɦɟɧɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɩɵɬɨɦ ɫ ɤɨɥɥɟɝɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ – ɷɬɨ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɚ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤ ɝɨɬɨ- ɜɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦɭ, ɷɬɨ ɦɟɫɬɨ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ ɭɱɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɬɶ ɢɧ- ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɜ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɚ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ. ɉɟ- ɪɟɞ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ. Ɉɧ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɞɟɬɶɦɢ ɩɪɨɣɬɢ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɞɨɥɝɢɣ ɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɣ ɩɭɬɶ ɜ «ɡɚɜɬɪɚ».

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ɂɨɛɧɢɧɚ, Ɇ. Ⱥ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɨɛɭɞɢɬɶ ɭ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ? [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ɇ. Ⱥ. Ɂɨɛɧɢɧɚ // ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ. – 2007. – ʋ 8. – ɋ. 45–43. 2. ɋɜɟɬɥɨɜɫɤɚɹ, ɇ. ɇ. Ɉɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɵ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɇ. ɇ. ɋɜɟɬɥɨɜɫɤɚɹ // ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ. – 2003. – ʋ 1. – ɋ.11–18. 3. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟ- ɫɭɪɫ]. – Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: https://nsportal.ru/nachalnaya-shkola/materialy- mo/2015/11/24/tehnologiya-produktivnogo-chteniya-v-nachalnoy-shkole /. – Ɂɚɝɥ. ɫ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ.

10 ɍȾɄ 372.46 Ʌ. ȼ. Ȼɚɪɤɨɜɚ, ȿ. ɗ. Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜɚ, ɂ. ȼ. ɋɭɯɨɪɭɳɟɧɤɨ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 14 ɫ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ», ɉɨɥɵɫɚɟɜɫɤɢɣ ȽɈ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mɚil: bɚrkovɚludɚ@bk.ru; cuznetsovɚ.2016@yɚndex.ru; siv.pls@yɚndex.ru

Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ

Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ ɭ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɜɟɤ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ – ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɪ- ɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɥɸɛɜɢ ɤ ɪɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ, ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɜ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɟɝɨ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ. Ʉɚɤ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɨ- ɫɬɢɱɶ ɭɫɩɟɯɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɹ? ȼɫɟɦ ɷɬɢɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɢ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɬɶɹ.

Ɉɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ, ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ, ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɡɨɪɤɨɫɬɶ, ɢɝɪɚ.

L. V. Bɚrkovɚ, E. E. Kuznetsovɚ, I. V. Sukhoruchenko, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «General Education School ʋ 14 with in-depth study of certain subjects», Polysɚevo, Kemerovo Region E-mɚil: bɚrkovɚludɚ@bk.ru; cuznetsovɚ.2016@yɚndex.ru; siv.pls@yɚndex.ru

Formɚtion of skills spelling in primary school children

The task of the teacher in the ICT age is the formation of spelling skills through instilling love for the native language, revealing the laws of language for learners, and its artistic images. The article is focused on the methods and ways of achieving the success in implementing this task.

Reference, executive component, spelling vigilance, game.

ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɜ ɜɟɤ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɢ ɂɧ- ɬɟɪɧɟɬɚ, ɞɟɬɢ ɦɚɥɨ ɱɢɬɚɸɬ, ɜɟɞɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɮɢɥɶɦɵ ɨɧɥɚɣɧ; ɨɛ- ɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɱɚɬɟ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɫɥɟɧɝɨɜɵɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ; ɜ ɩɨɢɫɤɚɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ «ɡɚɥɟɡɚɸɬ» ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɸɳɢɣ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ. ɉɟɪɟɞ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɜɚɠɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ – ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɥɸɛɜɢ ɤ ɪɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ, ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ- ɩɚɫɚ, ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɜ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɟɝɨ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ. Ʉ. Ⱦ. ɍɲɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɥ: «ɍɫɜɚɢɜɚɹ ɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɹɡɵɤ, ɪɟɛɺɧɨɤ ɭɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɬ ɧɟ ɨɞɧɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɢɯ ɫɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɢɞɨɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ, ɧɨ ɢ ɛɟɫɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɟ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ, ɜɨɡɡɪɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ, ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɦɵɫɥɟɣ, ɱɭɜɫɬɜ, 11 ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ, ɥɨɝɢɤɭ ɢ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɸ ɹɡɵɤɚ». Ɉɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ ɨɫɜɚ- ɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɱɢ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ, ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɦ ɫɢ- ɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɹɡɵɤɚ. ȼ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɜɵɤɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɞɜɚ ɤɨɦɩɨ- ɧɟɧɬɚ: ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɫ- ɧɨɜɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ – ɧɚ ɱɬɨ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɛɺɧɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɟɝɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɵ «Ɇɹɝɤɢɣ ɡɧɚɤ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɲɢɩɹɳɢɯ», ɤɨɝɞɚ ɭɱɚ- ɳɢɟɫɹ ɟɳɺ ɧɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɫɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣ, ɢɯ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɫ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɧɚ ɲɢ- ɩɹɳɢɣ ɩɢɲɭɬɫɹ ɫ ɦɹɝɤɢɦ ɡɧɚɤɨɦ (ɪɨɠɶ, ɦɵɲɶ) ɩɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɢ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ: ɬɟɬɪɚɞɶ, ɤɪɨɜɚɬɶ. ɇɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɭɠɟ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪ: ɧɚ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ 3-ɝɨ ɫɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɲɢɩɹ- ɳɢɯ ɩɢɲɟɬɫɹ ɦɹɝɤɢɣ ɡɧɚɤ: ɞɨɱɶ, ɬɢɲɶ. ɉɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ, ɧɨ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɷɬɚɩɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ «ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɶ» ɩɨ-ɪɚɡɧɨɦɭ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɜɢ- ɫɹɬ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ. ɇɚ ɱɬɨ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɣ, ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ. ɉɪɢ- ɡɧɚɤɢ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɞɨ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ, ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɧɚɦɟɱɟɧɵ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢ- ɪɨɜɤɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ «ɫɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɨ», ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ. ɇɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɪɵɜ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɥɨɜɟɫɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɨɣ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɫɤɥɚɞɵ- ɜɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɦ. ɉɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɫɨɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɢɟɧ- ɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ (ɪɟɛɺɧɨɤ ɡɧɚɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɭɦɟɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ), ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɟ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ. Ɋɚɛɨ- ɬɚ ɫ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨɦ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ, ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɣ, ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɪɚɫɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɫɬɪɨɹɬɫɹ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɵ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɦɦɚ- ɬɢɤɨ-ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ. ɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ? ɗɬɨ ɰɟɥɶ ɩɨɡɧɚ- ɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɧɚ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ (ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ) ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ – ɨɬɜɟɬ. Ɋɟɲɚɹ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ, ɭɱɟɧɢɤ ɞɨɥ- ɠɟɧ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ: ɭɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ; ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɟɺ ɜɢɞ: ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɦɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɬ; ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ; ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ; ɧɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɟɱɶ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɭɫɬɧɚɹ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ- ɥɺɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ. Ȼɟɡ ɚɜ- ɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɨ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ. Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɤɨɧ- ɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ. ɇɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ, ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ «Ⱥɡɛɭɤɟ», ɭɫɜɚɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ: ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɛɭɤɜ; ɤɚɥɥɢɝɪɚɮɢɹ (ɜɨɫɩɢɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ);

12 ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɜɭɤɨɜ ɛɭɤɜɚɦɢ ɺ, ɟ, ɸ, ɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ ɢ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ; ɭɱɚɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɬɶ ɫɦɟɲɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɟ ɨ/ɚ, ɟ/ɢ, ɵ/ɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ; ɩɚɪɧɵɟ ɡɜɨɧɤɢɟ ɢ ɝɥɭɯɢɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɟ ɜ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹɯ; ɭɱɚɬɫɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɫɥɭɱɚɢ ɧɟɫɨɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɜɭɤɚ ɢ ɛɭɤɜɵ, ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ; ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫ ɫɥɨɜɚ; ɡɚɝɥɚɜ- ɧɚɹ ɛɭɤɜɚ; ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɱɚ, ɳɚ, ɱɭ, ɳɭ, ɱɤ, ɱɧ. ɇɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ- ɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ. ȼɨ 2 ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɜɚɠɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚ- ɜɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ ɜ ɫɥɚɛɨɣ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ, ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ «ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ». Ɍɟɦɵ «Ʉɨɪɟɧɶ ɫɥɨɜɚ», «Ɉɞɧɨɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ», ɞɚ- ɸɬ ɧɚɭɱɧɭɸ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ, ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ (ɩɨ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɭ). ȼ 3-ɟɦ ɢ 4-ɨɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɚɯ ɤɭɪɫ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɧɨɫɢɬ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɝɪɚɦ- ɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ. Ɂɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɜɵɤɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ (ɫɚɞ – ɫɚɞɢɤ – ɫɚɞɨ- ɜɵɣ, ɦɨɪɟ – ɦɨɪɫɤɨɣ – ɩɪɢɦɨɪɫɤɢɣ). «ɉɪɚɜɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɛɟɡɭɞɚɪɧɵɯ ɩɚɞɟɠɧɵɯ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɣ ɢɦɺɧ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢ- ɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ», «ɉɪɚɜɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɛɟɡɭɞɚɪɧɵɯ ɩɚɞɟɠɧɵɯ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɣ ɢɦɺɧ ɩɪɢɥɚ- ɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ», «Ȼɟɡɭɞɚɪɧɵɟ ɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɜ» ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɬɟɦɚɦɢ. Ɋɚɫɲɢɪɹɸɬɫɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɨɪɮɨ- ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɜɺɪɬɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɜ: ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɯɟɦɚɦɢ; ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤɨ-ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ (ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢɞɺɬ ɧɟ ɜ ɝɨɬɨɜɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ, ɚ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɵɣ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ: «Ʉɚɤ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɝɥɚɝɨɥ ɜ ɩɪɨɲɟɞɲɟɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɬ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɚ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦ ɢ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ?»); ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɨɛɳɚɸɳɢɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ (ɜɫɺ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵ ɡɧɚɟɬɟ ɨ ɩɪɢɫɬɚɜɤɚɯ); ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ, ɧɨ ɢ ɟɺ ɬɢɩ, ɧɚɣɬɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ. Ʉɭɪɫ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɢ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɨɨɛɳɢɬɶ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɫɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦ ɹɡɵɤɚ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ- ɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ, ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɨɛɨɛɳɚɬɶ, ɚɛɫɬɪɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɝɪɭɩɩɢ- ɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɬɶ ɢ ɞɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ. Ɉɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɟɠɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ. ɗɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ. ɂɡɭɱɚɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɣ ɦɢɪ, ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ, ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɭ, ɞɟɬɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɢ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ, ɢɦɟɸɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ. Ʉ. Ⱦ. ɍɲɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɩɢɫɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɞɢɬɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɧɟ ɩɪɢ- ɜɵɤɥɨ ɜɧɢɤɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɬɟɦɧɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɜɫɟ ɧɟ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ

13 ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɨ ɧɚɜɵɤɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɠɚɬɶɫɹ ɢɦ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨ ɜ ɭɫɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ, ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɬɪɚɞɚɬɶ ɨɬ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ. Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ – ɩɪɨɛɭɞɢɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚ- ɥɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɢɝɪɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɞɭɳɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ɂɫ- ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɝɪɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɚɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɢɝɪɵ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɸ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɩɚɫɚ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɱɭɬɶɹ, ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ. ɍɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ: 1. «ɍɱɢɬɟɥɶ-ɭɱɟɧɢɤ»: Ⱦɥɹ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦ «Ȼɟɡɭɞɚɪɧɵɟ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɟ ɜ ɤɨɪɧɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ», «ɉɚɪɧɵɣ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɦ» ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɜ ɩɚɪɚɯ «ɍɱɢɬɟɥɶ-ɭɱɟɧɢɤ». Ʉɚɪɬɨɱɤɢ 4–5 ɜɢɞɨɜ. Ʉɚɪɬɨɱɤɚ ɞɜɭɯɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɹɹ, 8–10 ɫɥɨɜ. «ɍɱɟɧɢɤ» ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɫ ɩɪɨɩɭɳɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɛɭɤɜɚɦɢ: ɧɚɡɵɜɚ- ɟɬ ɩɪɨɩɭɳɟɧɧɭɸ ɛɭɤɜɭ, ɩɨɞɛɢɪɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɱɧɨɟ. ɍ «ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ» – ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚ ɤɚɪ- ɬɨɱɤɢ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɨɩɭɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɛɭɤɜ. Ɉɧ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɬ, ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɨɩɭ- ɫɬɢɥ «ɭɱɟɧɢɤ», ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ. ɇɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɞɟɬɢ ɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɨɥɹ- ɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ, ɱɬɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ ɧɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɥ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɟɛɹɬɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɪɚ- ɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ ɤɚɪɬɨɱɤɚɦɢ ɞɨɥɶɲɟ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɚɪɵ. 2. «ɇɚɣɞɢ ɨɲɢɛɤɭ»: 1) ɋɨɛɚɤɚ ɠɢɜɟɬ ɜ ɝɧɢɡɞɟ. Ɉɫɟɧɶɸ ɜ ɫɚɞɭ ɪɚɫɰɜɢɥɢ ɹɛɥɨɤɢ. ȼ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɹ ɤɢɜɚɸ ɟɦɭ ɪɭɤɨɣ. ȼ ɥɢɫɟ ɪɚɫɬɭɬ ɝɪɟɛɵ. 2) ɚ) Ɇɟɞɜɟɞ, ɤɚɬɢɧɚ, ɡɨɣɱɨɧɨɤ, ɱɟɫɵ, ɧɚɫɬɟɧɟ, ɦɚɥɨɤɨ. ɛ) Ɉɥɟɧ, ɲɺɬ, ɨɧɚ ɫɩɢɬɶ. 3) ȼɟɪɺɮɤɚ, ɧɨɲɤɚ, ɢɡɝɢɛ, ɩɚɪɚɬ, ɨɛɥɨɲɤɚ, ɡɚɦɚɫɤɚ, ɩɪɹɠɤɚ. 3. ɇɚɣɞɢ ɨɞɧɨɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: Ʉɚɲɟɥɶ, ɤɚɲɚ, ɤɚɲɥɹɬɶ, ɤɚɲɥɹɸɳɢɣ. ȼɨɞɚ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤ, ɜɨɞɹɧɨɣ, ɩɨɞɜɨɞɧɵɣ. Ⱦɨɪɨɝɨ, ɞɨɪɨɝɚ, ɞɨɪɨɝɨɣ, ɩɨɞɨɪɨɠɧɢɤ. 4. ɉɨɞɛɟɪɢ ɨɞɧɨɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɢɡ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɢ ɜɩɢɲɢ ɜ ɧɭɠɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɢɯ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ: ɐɜɟɬɧɨɣ – Ɂɜɨɧ – ɀɢɡɧɶ – 1. ȼɨɧɹɬɶ 2. ɐɜɟɬɨɱɤɢ 3. ɀɢɡɧɶɸ 4. ɉɟɪɟɡɜɨɧ 5. ɐɜɟɬɭɳɢɣ 6. Ɂɜɨɧɢɬɶ 5. ȼɵɛɟɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: Ƚɪɭ… – ɝɪɭɡɢɥɨ, ɩɨɝɪɭɡɤɚ, ɝɪɭɡɚ, ɝɪɭɡɢɬɶ. 14 ɍɥɨ… – ɥɨɜɭɲɤɚ, ɨɬɥɨɜ, ɥɨɜɢɬɶ, ɭɥɨɜɨɦ. ɏɨ..ɶɛɚ – ɩɨɯɨɞɤɚ, ɯɨɞ, ɯɨɞɢɬɶ, ɨɛɯɨɞ. 6. ɒɚɪɚɞɵ: ɫ Ɉ – ɹ ɜɚɲ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡ ɤɨɧɱɚɸ ɫ Ʉ – ɫ ɜɨɥɧɚɦɢ ɹ ɞɪɭɠɭ. ȿɫɥɢ ɹ ɫɥɭɱɚɸɫɶ ɜ ɦɨɪɟ, ɫ ɍ – ɞɨɠɞɺɦ ɜɚɫ ɩɨɥɢɜɚɸ ɪɵɛɚɤɚɦ ɫɨ ɦɧɨɸ ɝɨɪɟ. ɫ Ⱥ – ɜɚɲ ɝɪɭɡ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɠɭ (Ɍɨɱɤɚ – ɬɭɱɤɚ – ɬɚɱɤɚ – ɤɚɱɤɚ) 7. Ɂɚɩɢɲɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ, ɞɨɤɚɠɢ (ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢ ɪɨɞ, ɩɚɞɟɠ): ɉɥɨɬ ɩɥɵɥ ɩɨ ɪɟɱɤɢ. Ⱦɟɬɢ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɟ. ɀɢɬɶ ɜ ɥɸɛɜɢ ɢ ɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɟ. Ɇɵ ɝɭɥɹɥɢ ɩɨ ɚɥɥɟɢ. ɋ ɨɫɢɧɤɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɢɧɤɭ ɩɟɪɟɥɟɬɚɟɬ ɩɬɢɱɤɚ. ɋɩɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɦɹɝɤɨɣ ɤɪɨɜɚɬɟ. 8. «Ɍɪɟɬɢɣ ɥɢɲɧɢɣ». Ʌɨɲɚɞɶ, ɤɨɧɶ, ɦɟɞɜɟɞɶ Ȼɟɥɵɣ, ɱɢɫɬɵɣ, ɚɤɤɭɪɚɬɧɚɹ ɒɟɥ, ɲɚɝɚɸ, ɛɟɠɚɥ 9. «Ɍɵ – ɦɧɟ, ɹ – ɬɟɛɟ» ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɩɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɡɚɞɚɸɬ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɭ ɢɥɢ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɸ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. ɍɲɢɧɫɤɢɣ, Ʉ. Ⱦ. ɋɨɛɪɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɣ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]. Ɍ. 2. – Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɹ / ɍɲɢɧɫɤɢɣ Ʉ. Ⱦ. ɋɨɛɪɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɣ: ɜ 11 ɬ. // ɪɟɞ- ɤɨɥ.: Ⱥ. Ɇ. ȿɝɨɥɢɧ, ȿ. ɇ. Ɇɟɞɵɧɫɤɢɣ ɢ ȼ. ə. ɋɬɪɭɦɢɧɫɤɢɣ. – Ɇ.: Ⱥɤɚɞ. ɩɟɞ. ɧɚɭɤ ɊɋɎɋɊ, 1948. 2. Ɋɚɡɭɦɨɜɫɤɚɹ, Ɇ. Ɇ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ɇ. Ɇ. Ɋɚɡɭɦɨɜɫɤɚɹ. – Ɇ.: Ⱦɪɨɮɚ, 2005. 3. Ⱥɥɝɚɡɢɧɚ, ɇ. ɇ. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɇ. ɇ. Ⱥɥɝɚɡɢɧɚ. – Ɇ. : ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 2000.

ɍȾɄ: 372.461 ȿ. ɂ. Ȼɨɱɤɚɪɟɜɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 28 ɝɨɪɨɞɚ Ȼɟɥɨɜɨ», Ȼɟɥɨɜɫɤɢɣ ȽɈ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]

Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ

ɐɟɥɶɸ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ, ɜɫɟɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɣ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɣ ɤ ɫɚɦɨɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɥɢɱɧɨ- ɫɬɢ, ɛɟɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ. Ʉɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜ- 15 ɧɵɟ ɍɍȾ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ, ɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɭ- ɟɬ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɭɫɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ.

ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ, ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹ, ɭɱɟɧɢɤ-ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ.

E. I. Bochkareva, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «Belovo Secondary School ʋ 28», Belovo urban district, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]

Formation of communicative universal learning actions in learners in classroom

The purpose of the modern education should be the formation of an independent, fully developed, personality capable of self-learning, without which the successful development of society is impossible. Communicative universal learning actions consist of various components and their formation requires the introduction of various forms of cooperation and communication. The main indicator of the formation of communicative actions can be considered the development of oral and written speech in schoolchildren.

Universal learning actions, Federal Educational Standard, communication, teacher-schoolchild.

ɇɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛ- ɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ (ɍɍȾ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɟɦɭɫɹ ɫɚɦɨ- ɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ, ɭɦɟɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ. ȼ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɟ (ɎȽɈɋ), ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ. Ɉɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢ- ɤɨɜ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɛɦɟɧ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚ- ɰɢɟɣ, ɧɨ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ ɮɨɪ- ɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɱɟɜɵɟ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɫɬɧɚɹ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɟɱɶ. Ɉɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɭɱɚɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɟ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɫ- 16 ɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ, ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ, ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ. ȼ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɭɫɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɭɫɬɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ: ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ, ɭɫɬɧɵɟ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɵ. ɉɪɢ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɭ ɞɨɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɪɢɬɢɤɨ- ɜɚɬɶ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɱɢɤɚ, ɟɝɨ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ. Ⱦɨɤɥɚɞɱɢɤ ɨɛɹɡɚɧ ɢɡɥɚɝɚɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɹɫɧɨ ɢ ɱɟɬɤɨ, ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɬɶ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɫɶɛɟ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɥɸɛɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɜɵ- ɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ. ɉɟɪɟɞ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɫɨɨɛɳɟ- ɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. Ɉɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɶ ɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɭɜɚɠɚɬɶ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ. ȼɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ «ɭɱɟɧɢɤ-ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ». Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɜɢɞ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɜ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ ɢ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɲɚɟɬ ɟɳɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɮɨɪ- ɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ. Ƚɪɭɩɩɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɨ- ɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɜ ɡɚɜɢ- ɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɰɟɥɢ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ – ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɜ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ. Ƚɪɭɩɩɚ ɩɨɥɭ- ɱɚɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɟ ɭɪɨɤɚ, ɜɫɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɭɫɬɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ. ȿɫɥɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɝɨɬɨɜɚ ɫɞɚɬɶ ɡɚ- ɞɚɧɢɟ, ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɫɚɦ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ ɨɬ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɭɫɬɧɨ ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ. ɗɬɨ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɞɚɠɟ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɨ ɩɨɞɨɣɬɢ ɤ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɩɟɪɟɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɨɬ- ɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ. «ɗɤɫɩɟɪɬ». ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɬɚɪɲɢɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨ- ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ, ɜɚɠɧɨ ɜɥɚɞɟɬɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɦɢ, ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɜɢɞɚɦɢ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɭɱɢɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɬɶ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪ- ɦɚɰɢɸ, ɨɛɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɟɦɚɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɜ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ. Ɇɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ. ɋɭɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɨɳɪɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ, ɤɨɬɨ- ɪɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɥɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɟ ɭɪɨɤɚ. ɇɚ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɯ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ. ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧɵ ɤɚɤ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɢɬɨɝɨɜ ɭɪɨɤɚ. ɇɨ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɞɚɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢ- ɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɸɳɢɣ ɟɝɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɨ, ɬɨ 17 ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɫɚɦ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɧɚɱɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɬɶ, ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɹ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɸ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɨ ɜɟɫɬɢ ɞɢɚɥɨɝ. Ⱦɥɹ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɨɳɪɹɬɶ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɚɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɪɟɛɹɬ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ. Ɍɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵ- ɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨ (ɦɢɧɢ-ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ, ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ). ȿɫɥɢ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ, ɭɱɟɧɢɤɭ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɜɵ- ɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɧɚ ɤɚɧɢɤɭɥɵ, ɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨ- ɞɢɦɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɭ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɢɬɶ ɮɚɧ- ɬɚɡɢɸ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɫɤɚɡɤɭ (ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜ ɫɬɢɯɚɯ), ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ. ɂɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɜ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɚ- ɤɟɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɭ ɫɨ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ- ɦɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ, ɬɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɢ ɞɨɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɦ. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɭ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɹ, ɬɨ ɨɧ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɜ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɢɡɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɫɭɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ. Ɉɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ. ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɟ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ (ɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɯ, ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶ- ɧɵɯ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ) ɧɟ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ, ɞɚɠɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɟ. Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɟ ɪɟ- ɲɟɧɢɟ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɦɟɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɬɶ, ɨɬɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɧɭɠ- ɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶ ɟɟ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ⱥɫɦɨɥɨɜ, Ⱥ. Ƚ. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜ- ɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ: ɨɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɤ ɦɵɫɥɢ. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ / Ⱥ. Ƚ. Ⱥɫɦɨɥɨɜ. – Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 2010. – 159 ɫ. 2. Ȼɟɥɨɜɚ, ȿ. ɋ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɦɵɫɥɢ- ɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ȿ. ɋ. Ȼɟɥɨɜɚ // ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ʋ 2. – 1991. 3. Ƚɨɪɥɟɧɤɨ, ɇ. Ɇ. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɇ. Ɇ. Ƚɨɪɥɟɧɤɨ // ɇɚɪɨɞɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ. – 2012. – ʋ 4. 4. ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɚ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ / ȼ. Ɇ. ɇɢɤɨɥɚɟɧɤɨ, Ƚ. Ɇ. Ɂɚɥɟɫɨɜ, Ɍ. ȼ. Ⱥɧɞɪɸɲɢɧɚ. – Ɇ. : ɂɇɎɊȺ, 2013. – 175 ɫ. 5. Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ (ɩɨɥ- ɧɨɝɨ) ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɚɹ ɜɟɪɫɢɹ] // ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɉɪɢɤɚ- ɡɭ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɊɎ ɨɬ 17 ɦɚɹ 2012 ɝ. ʋ 413 «Ɉɛ 18 ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ (ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ) ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ». – URL: http://ɦɢɧɨɛɪɧɚɭɤɢ.ɪɮ/ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ/ 2365.

ɍȾɄ 372.46 ɋ. Ⱥ. Ƚɪɟɱɤɨ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «Ɂɚɝɨɪɫɤɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ», ɇɨɜɨɤɭɡɧɟɰɤɢɣ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɣɨɧ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]

Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ 1-ɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ

ɋɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ, ɬ.ɤ. ɩɪɢ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɦɵɫɥɟɣ ɨɧ ɩɪɢɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɦɵɫɥɢ ɧɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɭ- ɟɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɢɞɟɢ, ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɤɚɤɨɦɭ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɜɵɜɨɞɭ.

Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ; ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɩɚɫɚ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ; ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ.

S. A. Grechko, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «Zagorsky General Education School», Novokuznetsk municipal district, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]

Methods of work on the composition in grade 1

In primary school, composition is the most important method of education of the child, because when presenting their thoughts, children learn to concentrate on the object of study, analyze, then correctly formulate their ideas, and arrive to some conclusion.

Development of logical thinking; enrichment of vocabulary of learners; formation of spelling literacy.

Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɪɟɱɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɝɪɚɧɧɚ. ɋɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɟ – ɷɬɨ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɣ ɟɝɨ ɦɢɪ ɜɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧ- ɧɟɦ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ, ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɤɚɤɢɦ-ɬɨ ɩɪɨɛɥɟ- ɦɚɦ. ɋɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɦɵɫɥɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ- ɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɭɱɢɬ ɤɪɚɫɢɜɨ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɚɟɬ ɹɡɵɤ ɢ ɭɱɢɬ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ.

19 ȼɫɟ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɚɯ ɤɚɤ ɭɫɬɧɵɟ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɵɟ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɩɥɚɧɭ. Ɉɬ ɝɨɬɨɜɵɯ ɩɥɚɧɨɜ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɝɨɞ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɢ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɢ ɤ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɧɚɞ ɧɢɦɢ. ɑɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɦɵɫɥɟɣ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɚɯ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɣ. Ʉ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɜɢɞɚɦ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ- ɧɨɣ ɛɟɫɟɞɵ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ – ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɜɩɟɱɚɬ- ɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɢɦ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɩɵɬ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɬɟɦ ɮɚɤɬɚɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɸɠɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚ. ȿɫɥɢ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɸɠɟɬɧɵɦ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚɦ ɢɥɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɦ ɩɨ- ɫɨɛɢɹɦ, ɬɨ ɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ. Ɂɚ ɝɨɞ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ 1-ɨɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɸɬ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɩɵɬ ɫɜɹɡɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɵɫɥɟɣ, ɬ.ɟ. ɨɩɵɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ɫɨɱɢ- ɧɟɧɢɟɦ. ɉɟɪɜɵɟ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɜɟɥɢɤɢ ɩɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɭ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɧɢɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɱɧɵɣ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɩɵɬ. ɗɬɨ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵ ɨ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹɯ, ɪɚɡɜɟɪɬɵ- ɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ: «Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɥɢ ɚɤɰɢɸ «Ɍɟɩɥɨ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɪɭɤ», «Ʉɚɤ ɦɵ ɤɨɪɦɢɥɢ ɛɟɡɞɨɦɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɬɺɧɤɚ». ȼ ɧɢɯ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ, ɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢ ɤɨɧɟɰ. ɗɬɢ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɸɠɟɬɧɵ, ɚ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ 1-ɨɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɫɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɪɨɤɢ. ɋɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɭɪɨɤɨɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ. Ɍɟ- ɦɚɬɢɤɚ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɞɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɚ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɱɢɬɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ. ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɟ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɫɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨ- ɤɚɯ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤɢ. ȼɫɟ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɨɫɢɬ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɪɚ- ɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɭ ɩɟɪɜɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɨɜ: 1. ɍɦɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɢ ɩɨɞ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɢ- ɫɚɬɶ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵ ɨ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɢɝɪɚɯ, ɡɚɛɚɜɚɯ, ɪɚɛɨɬɟ. 2. ɍɦɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɥɚɝɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɦɵɫɥɢ ɩɨ ɝɨɬɨɜɨɦɭ ɩɥɚɧɭ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ. 3. ɍɦɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ: ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ; 4. ɍɦɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɦɵɫɥɟɣ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɞɟɬɢ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɥɢ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɠ- ɧɟɧɢɣ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɟ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɪɚɳɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɟɣ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɜ 1-ɨɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟ ɭɫɬɧɵɟ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ: ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ, ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɨɣ, ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɩɨ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɫɸɠɟɬɧɵɯ ɤɚɪ- ɬɢɧɨɤ, ɭɫɬɧɵɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɦɨɣ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨ- 20 ɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɫɸɠɟɬɧɵɦ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɤɚɦ, ɭɫɬɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɧɧɨɦɭ, ɩɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɢ ɫ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɦ. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɹɹ ɷɬɢ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ, ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɪɭɤɨ- ɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɭɱɚɬɫɹ ɢɡɥɚɝɚɬɶ ɦɵɫɥɢ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ, ɩɨɫɥɟ- ɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ. ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɤ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹɦ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɛɭɤɜɚɪ- ɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹ- ɸɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɧɵɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɦɨɣ. ɗɬɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɚɹ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɬ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɥɚɝɚɬɶ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɵɫɥɢ ɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɧ- ɧɭɸ ɬɟɦɭ. ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦɢ, ɭɱɚɳɢɟ- ɫɹ ɠɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ ɜ ɫɨ- ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɟɦɨɣ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɡɹɬɶ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɪɟɱɢ ɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɮɢɥɶɦɵ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɪɟɱɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɨɣ, ɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɶ ɢɯ ɩɨɞ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞ- ɫɬɜɨɦ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ. Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɤ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɢ ɫɸɠɟɬɧɵɟ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɤɢ. ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɭ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɨɞɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɩɪɟɞ- ɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɬɟɦɭ. ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɭɦɟɧɢɸ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɤɚɦ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦ ɬɟɦɨɣ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸ ɫɸɠɟɬɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɤɢ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɪɟɱɢ ɢ ɫɸɠɟɬɧɵɟ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɤɢ, ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɚɯ. ɋɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɫɸɠɟɬɧɵɦ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɤɚɦ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɟɬ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɫɜɹɡɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɭ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɨɤ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɸɠɟɬɚ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɚɞ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɩɨ- ɥɭɝɨɞɢɹ. ɋɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɨɜ – ɷɬɨ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵ ɨɛ ɢɝɪɚɯ, ɡɚɛɚɜɚɯ, ɢ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɹ ɧɚɞ ɧɢɦɢ, ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɭɱɚɬɫɹ ɨɫɦɵɫ- ɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. ɉɪɢ ɩɨɞɛɨɪɟ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɫ- ɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɢɡ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ. ɉɪɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɤ ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɞɟɬɫɤɢɦ ɫɨɱɢɧɟ- ɧɢɹɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɞɭɦɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. ȼɨɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɟɦ: 1. ɍɫɬɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɟ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ (ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠ- ɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɫɹ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɟ). 2. ɑɬɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɚ (ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɤɟ ɞɨ ɭɪɨɤɚ) ɢɥɢ ɤɨɥ- ɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɚɞ ɩɥɚɧɨɦ. 3. ɋɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɩɥɚɧɚ, ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɨɛ- ɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ, ɡɚɩɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɤɟ ɫɥɨɜ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ. 4. ɋɜɹɡɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡ ɩɨ ɩɥɚɧɭ. 5. Ɂɚɩɢɫɶ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɞɨɫɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɞ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ. 6. ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɝɨ. 21 ȼ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɧɢɦɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɱɟɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ, ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɤɟ; ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ, ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɫɥɨɜ; ɧɚɣɬɢ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɬɪɭɞɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɢɡɧɟɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɩɨ ɫɥɨɝɚɦ, ɧɚɣɬɢ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɧɚ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ. ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɚɡɵ- ɜɚɸ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɫɹ, ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɟ, ɨɛɪɚɳɚɸ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɧɚ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɵ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ, ɩɪɢɭɱɚɸ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɢ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɠɭ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ. ȼɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɞɚɸ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɜɵ- ɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɦ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɱɢɬɚɸ ɨɞɧɭ-ɞɜɟ ɥɭɱɲɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɟ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɜ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɫɥɨɜ, ɜ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ. Ⱥ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɫɹ, ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɜɲɢɦ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ, ɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɩɨɤɚɠɭ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɤ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɸ ɩɨ ɩɪɨ- ɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ «ɀɢɥ ɧɚ ɫɜɟɬɟ ɫɥɨɧɺɧɨɤ» (ɉɨ Ƚ. ɐɵɮɟɪɨɜɭ). ɋɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɞɟɬɢ ɡɧɚ- ɤɨɦɹɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ: Ʉɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɤɚɡɤɚ ɢ ɤɬɨ ɟɟ ɚɜɬɨɪ? Ʉɬɨ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɝɟɪɨɣ ɫɤɚɡɤɢ? Ʉɚɤɢɦ ɬɟɛɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɝɟɪɨɣ ɫɤɚɡɤɢ? ɉɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɢ ɫɥɨ- ɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɬ ɞɥɹ ɟɝɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ: ɞɨɛɪɵɣ, ɧɚɯɨɞɱɢɜɵɣ, ɝɪɭɫɬɧɵɣ, ɜɟɫɺɥɵɣ, ɡɥɨɣ, ɨɬɡɵɜɱɢɜɵɣ. Ⱥ ɩɨɱɟɦɭ ɨɧ ɬɚɤɨɣ? (ɧɟ ɡɧɚɟɬ, ɤɟɦ ɫɬɚɬɶ, ɫɨ ɜɫɟɦɢ ɫɫɨɪɢɬɫɹ, ɜɫɟɦ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ, ɡɧɚɟɬ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ). ɑɬɨ ɫɥɭɱɢɥɨɫɶ ɫ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɝɟɪɨɟɦ? Ⱦɨɩɢɲɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɢɡ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ. Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɝɟɪɨɣ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ______, ɩɨɬɨɦ______. ɉɨɧɪɚɜɢɥɚɫɶ ɥɢ ɬɟɛɟ ɫɤɚɡɤɚ? ______ɉɨɱɟ- ɦɭ?______ɍ ɜɚɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɫɹ ɱɟɪɧɨɜɢɤ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɫɨ- ɱɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɥɢɤɨɦ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ: ɩɪɨɜɟɪɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ. Ɉɬɦɟɬɶ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɭ ɬɟɛɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɨɫɶ: ɭ ɦɟɧɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɫɹ ɫɜɹɡɧɵɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ, ɜɫɟ ɦɨɢ ɦɵɫɥɢ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɵ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ, ɜ ɦɨɺɦ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɢ ɧɟɬ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ. ȼ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɯɨɱɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ, ɫɨɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɠɢɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɬɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɢ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɨ- ɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɚɦɨɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ɂɚɝɪɟɛɟɥɶɧɚɹ, ɋ. ȼ. Ɉɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɸ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ / ɋ. ȼ. Ɂɚɝɪɟɛɟɥɶɧɚɹ. – Ɇ.: ȺɊɄɌɂ, 2006. – 59 ɫ. 2. ɍɡɨɪɨɜɚ, Ɉ. ȼ. ɋɚɦɵɣ ɩɨɥɧɵɣ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɸ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɭɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɵ-

22 ɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ / Ɉ. ȼ. ɍɡɨɪɨɜɚ, ȿ. Ⱥ. ɇɟɮɟɞɨɜɚ. – Ɇ.: ȺɋɌ: Ⱥɫɬɪɟɥɶ, 2008. – 58 ɫ. 3. ɉɨɛɟɞɢɧɫɤɚɹ, Ʌ. Ɇ. ɍɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɤ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɸ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ʌ. Ɇ. ɉɨɛɟɞɢɧɫɤɚɹ // ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ. – ʋ 6. – 1987. – ɋ. 23–-24. 4. ɉɬɭɯɢɧɚ, Ⱥ. ȼ. ɍɱɢɦɫɹ ɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɟ, 1 ɤɥɚɫɫ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɤ ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɭ Ʉɥɢɦɚɧɨɜɨɣ Ʌ. Ɏ., Ƚɨɪɟɰɤɨɝɨ ȼ. Ƚ. / Ⱥ. ȼ. ɉɬɭɯɢɧɚ – Ɇ.: ɗɤɡɚɦɟɧ, 2016. – 46 ɫ.

ɍȾɄ 373.3 ɇ. ɇ. ȿɪɨɮɟɟɜɚ, Ʌ. ȼ. Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟɟɜɚ, Ɉ. ȼ. ɓɭɪ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 3», ɉɪɨɤɨɩɶɟɜɫɤɢɣ ȽɈ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɤɚɤ ɩɭɬɶ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ

Ɉɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ – ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɂɄɌ-ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ. ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɛ-ɤɜɟɫɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɛ-ɤɜɟɫɬɚ «ɉɨ- ɦɨɝɢ Ɋɨɛɢɧɡɨɧɭ» ɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɩɨ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ «ɋɟɦɟɣɧɵɣ ɛɸɞɠɟɬ? Ʌɟɝɤɨ!», ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ.

ɂɄɌ-ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢ, ɜɟɛ-ɤɜɟɫɬ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ- ɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ, ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ.

N. N. Erofeeva, L. V. Alekseeva, O. V. Chur, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «General Education School ʋ 3», Prokopyevsk, Kemerovo Region, E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

The use of modern educational technologies as a way to improve the quality of education of primary school children

One of the most important tasks of modern education is the formation of ICT competence in learners. The article proposes a technology for the development and

23 application of educational web quests and project activities in primary school based on the example of the interdisciplinary web-quest “Help Robinson” and the project of extracurricular activities “Family budget? It’s easy!” designed for younger learners.

ICT competencies, web-quest, project activities, meta-subject approach, primary school.

ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ɜ ɧɨɜɨɦ ɬɵɫɹɱɟɥɟɬɢɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɺ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɫɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɛ- ɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɬɶ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ, ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɂɚɩɪɨɫ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥ ɧɨɜɨɟ ɡɜɭɱɚɧɢɟ: ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ «ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ». ɗɬɨɬ ɡɚɩɪɨɫ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧ- ɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɨɜɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ. ȼɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨ- ɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɨɛɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ. ɋ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɞɧɟɣ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɱɢɬɶ ɞɟ- ɬɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɝɪɚ- ɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ, ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ, ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɣ, ɦɭɥɶɬɢɦɟɞɢɣɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɦ ɭɦɟɧɢɟɦ. Ʉ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɭɪɨɤɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɞɯɨ- ɞɢɬɶ ɫɟɪɶɺɡɧɨ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢ, ɜɵɛɢɪɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɭɪɨɤɚ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɯ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɟɛ-ɤɜɟɫɬ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɫ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɦ ɢ ɭɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɲɚɸɬ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɩɨɜɵɲɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ. Quest, ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɤɥɸɱɟɧɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɝɪɚ, ɷɬɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɠɚɧɪɨɜ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ- ɧɵɯ ɢɝɪ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɸ ɫ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɝɟɪɨɟɦ. Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɢɝɪɨɜɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɢ ɝɨɥɨ- ɜɨɥɨɦɨɤ, ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ. ɂɝɪɚ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɚ ɩɨ ɰɟɩɨɱɤɟ: ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɲɶ ɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɲɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ, ɩɨɤɚ ɧɟ ɞɨɣɞɟɲɶ ɞɨ ɮɢɧɢɲɚ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ ɜɟɛ-ɤɜɟɫɬɚ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɬ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɩɪɨ- ɰɟɫɫ, ɞɟɥɚɹ ɟɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɦ ɢ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ. ȼ ɢɝɪɟ-ɤɜɟɫɬɟ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɪɟ- ɤɪɚɫɧɚɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɫɬɢ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɡɚɤɪɟɩɢɬɶ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧ- ɧɨɟ, ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɤɚɤ ɩɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦ. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɹɹ ɤɜɟɫɬ, ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɢ ɭɱɚɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ, ɩɥɚ- ɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɭɬɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɬɶ ɫɦɟɤɚɥɤɭ, ɧɚɯɨɞɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ, ɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɦɵɫɥɢɬɶ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ.

24 Ʉɜɟɫɬ ɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ (ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧ ɧɚ 1–3 ɭɪɨɤɚ) ɢ ɞɨɥɝɨ- ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ (ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɹɰ, ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɶ, ɝɨɞ). Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɜɟɛ-ɤɜɟɫɬɚ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɟɟ. ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ (ɤɨɦɚɧɞɧɵɣ). ɍɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɹɬɫɹ ɫ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹɦɢ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɟ. Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹ- ɸɬ ɪɨɥɢ ɜ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɟ. ȼɫɟ ɱɥɟɧɵ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɶ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɭ ɢ ɭɱɢɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦɢ. Ɋɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɷɬɚɩ. ɂɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ. ɍɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟ- ɦɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɪɨɥɹɦɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ɜɟɛ-ɤɜɟɫɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ. Ʉɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɢɬ ɢɬɨɝɢ ɜɵ- ɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ, ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɨɛɦɟɧɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɞɨ- ɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɰɟɥɢ – ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɚɣɬɚ. Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ. Ʉɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɦ. Ɉɛɫɭɠɞɚɸɬ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɢɝɪɵ-ɤɜɟɫɬɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɸɠɟɬɵ ɩɪɢɤɥɸɱɟɧɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɢ- ɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ: «ɉɨ ɦɨɪɹɦ, ɩɨ ɜɨɥɧɚɦ», «Ɉɫɬɪɨɜ ɫɨɤɪɨɜɢɳ», «ɒɤɨɥɚ ɦɚɝɢɱɟ- ɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ» ɢ ɬ.ɞ. Ɂɧɚɤɨɦɫɬɜɨ ɫ ɜɟɛ-ɤɜɟɫɬɨɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɬɶ ɫ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ. ɇɚɩɪɢ- ɦɟɪ, ɜɟɛ-ɤɜɟɫɬ «ɉɨɦɨɝɢ Ɋɨɛɢɧɡɨɧɭ». ɐɟɥɶ ɤɜɟɫɬɚ «ɉɨɦɨɝɢ Ɋɨɛɢɧɡɨɧɭ» – ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɡɚ I ɩɨɥɭɝɨɞɢɟ. ɉɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ – ɦɟɠɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɣ (ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ, ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ, ɱɬɟɧɢɟ). ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɫɸɠɟɬɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɲɬɨɪɦ ɪɚɡɪɭ- ɲɢɥ ɨɫɬɪɨɜ Ɋɨɛɢɧɡɨɧɚ, ɢ ɨɧ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɩɢɫɶɦɨ ɫ ɉɨɩɭɝɚɟɦ. ɇɚ ɩɭɬɢ ɤ ɨɫɬ- ɪɨɜɭ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɬɶ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɹ. ɉɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɣ ɨɫɭ- ɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɨɷɬɚɩɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɣɞɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɭ ɡɚ I ɩɨ- ɥɭɝɨɞɢɟ. Ɋɨɥɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɹɥɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɤɜɟɫɬɚ – ɫɩɚɫɚɬɟɥɢ. ȼɫɟ ɷɬɚɩɵ ɜɟɛ-ɤɜɟɫɬɚ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɬ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶ- ɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɜɟɫɬ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɢɦɧɢɯ ɤɚɧɢɤɭɥ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɝɪɨ- ɜɨɣ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɢ. Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɟɪɜɢɫɟ Learning.apps, ɬɟɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɡɚɞɚ- ɧɢɹ – ɜ My Test. ɉɟɪɜɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ – ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɟ ɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɟ ɡɜɭɤɢ, ɡɜɨɧɤɢɟ ɢ ɝɥɭɯɢɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɟ, ɭɞɚɪɧɵɟ ɢ ɛɟɡɭɞɚɪɧɵɟ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɟ, ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɣ ɠɢ- ɲɢ, ɱɚ-ɳɚ, ɱɭ-ɳɭ. ɉɨ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɟ – ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɸɬ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɢ ɱɢɫɥɨɜɵɟ ɜɵɪɚ- ɠɟɧɢɹ, ɪɟɲɚɸɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɧɚ ɫɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɵɱɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ 10, ɪɟɲɚɸɬ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ. ȼɫɟ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɶɸ – ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ, ɩɟɪɜɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɜɢɞɟɬɶ, ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɨɧ ɪɟɲɚɟɬ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɬ, ɢ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ. Ʉɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɷɬɚ- 25 ɩɚɦ-ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɟɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɡ, ɞɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ, ɩɨɤɚ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɧɟ ɫɩɪɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ. ȼ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɬ ɜɟɛ-ɤɜɟɫɬ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɟɱɚɬɚɬɶ ɞɢɩɥɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚ. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɛ-ɤɜɟɫɬɚɯ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɭɱɚɬɫɹ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɨɬɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɨ ɫɫɵɥɤɚɦ ɩɨ- ɢɫɤ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶ- ɡɭɹ Ƚɭɝɥ-ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ, Ƚɭɝɥ-ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ, Ƚɭɝɥ-ɪɢɫɭɧɤɢ, ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɚɪɬɵ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɩɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜɟɛ-ɤɜɟɫɬ – ɷɬɨ ɢ ɢɝɪɚ, ɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ. Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ, ɫɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɟɣ ɢ ɹɪɱɟ. ɍɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɤɜɟɫɬɚɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨ- ɜɚɧɢɸ ɭ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɭɱɚɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ, ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɟ, ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɵɛɨɪ, ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɩɵɬ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨ- ɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɥɭɱɲɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ. Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨ- ɞɵ. ȼ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤɭɪɫ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ «Ɏɢɧɚɧ- ɫɨɜɚɹ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ». Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɚɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ – ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ 4 ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɛɵɥ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɟ «ɋɟɦɟɣɧɵɣ ɛɸɞɠɟɬ? Ʌɟɝɤɨ!». ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ: ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚ. Ɉɛɴɟɤɬ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ: ɫɟɦɟɣɧɵɣ ɛɸɞɠɟɬ. ɉɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ: ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚ. ɐɟɥɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ: ɜɵɹɫɧɢɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɫɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɫɟɦɶɢ ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɵɣ ɛɸɞɠɟɬ ɛɵɥ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ. Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ: ɢɡɭɱɢɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɟ; ɫɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚ ɜ ɫɟɦɶɹɯ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ; ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɞɥɹ ɨɞɧɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟ- ɥɟɣ. Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɩɪɨ- ɟɤɬɧɵɟ ɫɟɦɶɢ: ɦɚɦɚ, ɩɚɩɚ ɢ 2–3 ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ. Ɉɞɧɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɥɢ ɮɚ- ɦɢɥɢɸ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɫɟɦɶɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɥɢɫɶ ɫ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɨɦ, ɦɚɦɚ ɢ ɩɚɩɚ ɩɪɢɞɭɦɚ- ɥɢ, ɤɟɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɢ ɤɚɤɭɸ ɡɚɪɚɛɨɬɧɭɸ ɩɥɚɬɭ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ. ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɡɚɪɚɛɨɬɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɬɵ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɥɨɠɢɥɫɹ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɣ ɞɨɯɨɞ ɫɟɦɶɢ. Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ ɫɟɦɟɣ ɛɵɥɚ – ɫɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɫɟɦɶɢ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɹɰ ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨɛɵ 26 ɛɸɞɠɟɬ ɛɵɥ ɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ. Ʉɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɧɵɣ ɦɟɫɹɰ ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɫɟɦɶɹ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɥɚ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɭ ɧɚɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɨɫɶ 5 ɩɪɨɟɤɬ- ɧɵɯ ɫɟɦɟɣ. Ɋɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɫɟɦɟɣ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɢɫɶ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɨɩɥɚɬɭ ɤɨɦɦɭ- ɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ, ɨɞɟɠɞɭ, ɨɩɥɚɬɭ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɚ ɢ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɨɜ, ɧɚ ɪɚɡ- ɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚ ɛɟɧɡɢɧ, ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ. Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɨ- ɟɤɬɚ ɩɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɨɜ. Ʉɨɧɟɱ- ɧɨ, ɧɟ ɭ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɫɟɦɟɣ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɨɫɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɛɸɞɠɟɬ, ɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɲɢ ɨɞɧɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɢ ɭɠɟ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɧɚɱɚɥɢ ɡɚɞɭ- ɦɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɤ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɧɨ. ɋɜɨɢ ɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɟ ɦɵ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɥɢ ɜ ɞɧɟɜɧɢɤɟ «ɇɚɲɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ». Ɋɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ ɬɨɠɟ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ «ɋɟɦɟɣɧɵɣ ɛɸɞɠɟɬ? Ʌɟɝɤɨ!» ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɦɚɫɬɟɪ-ɤɥɚɫɫɚ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɬɟɦɨɣ «ɋɟ- ɦɟɣɧɵɣ ɛɸɞɠɟɬ» ɩɟɪɟɲɥɢ ɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ. Ʉɚɠɞɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɪɨɞɢ- ɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɥɚɫɶ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɣɬɢ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɫɟɦɶɟ. Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ – ɡɚ ɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɛɸɞɠɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɫɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɪɚɡ- ɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ. Ʉɚɠɞɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɩɪɟɞ- ɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɚ ɫɜɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦ, ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɜɨ- ɩɪɨɫɵ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ, ɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɜ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ. ȼ ɢɬɨɝɟ ɜɵ- ɛɪɚɥɢ ɨɞɧɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ, ɩɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ, ɛɵɥɨ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɥɭɱɲɢɦ. ȼ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥ ɨɬ ɧɚɫ ɛɥɚ- ɝɨɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ, ɚ ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɫɟɦɶɹ – ɤɧɢɝɭ «ɋɟɦɟɣɧɵɣ ɛɸɞɠɟɬ? Ʌɟɝ- ɤɨ!». ɋɜɨɢɦɢ ɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɦ ɦɚɫɬɟɪ-ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɩɨ- ɞɟɥɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɞɧɟɜɧɢɤɟ «ɇɚɲɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ». Ɇɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɥɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɫɟɦɶɟ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɫɹɰɚ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɬɟɬ- ɪɚɞɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɞɨɯɨɞɵ ɢ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ, ɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɬɶ, ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɟɧɟɝ ɩɨɬɪɚɱɟɧɨ. ɇɚ ɧɚɲɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɟ ɨɬɤɥɢɤɧɭɥɢɫɶ 22 ɫɟɦɶɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɦɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɦɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɥɢ ɩɨ- ɜɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɚɧɤɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɟɦɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɥɢɫɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɷɤɫɩɟ- ɪɢɦɟɧɬɟ ɩɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɤɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɩɪɨ- ɞɭɤɬɵ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɛɵɥɢ ɡɚɧɢɠɟɧɵ, ɢ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɨɧɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ 38 % ɨɬ ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ. ɋɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɦɟɣ ɩɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɨɫɶ. ɋɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɛɸɞɠɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɭ 12 ɫɟɦɟɣ. 4 ɫɟɦɶɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɢɡɛɵ- ɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɛɸɞɠɟɬ. Ⱥ 6 ɫɟɦɟɣ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸɬ ɜɟɫɬɢ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɧɵɣ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɵɣ ɛɸɞɠɟɬ. 27 ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɵ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɦ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 1 ɦɟɫɹɰɚ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɵɪɨɜɧɹɬɶ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɵɣ ɛɸɞɠɟɬ, ɢɡɛɚɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɜɵɱɤɢ ɬɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɞɟɧɶɝɢ, ɧɟ ɡɚɞɭɦɵɜɚɹɫɶ. ɂɬɚɤ, ɰɟɥɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ – ɜɵɹɫɧɢɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɫɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ ɫɟ- ɦɶɢ ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɵɣ ɛɸɞɠɟɬ ɛɵɥ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ – ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɚ, ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɛɵɥ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɝɨ- ɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ «ɉɟɪɜɵɟ ɲɚɝɢ ɜ ɧɚɭɤɭ», ɝɞɟ ɡɚɧɹɥ ɩɪɢɡɨɜɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ. ȼ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɯɨɬɟɥɨɫɶ ɛɵ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɭɤɚ- ɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɮɢɝɭɪɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɱɟ- ɧɢɤ, ɚ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɪɨɥɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɧɢɤɚ, ɮɚɫɢɥɢɬɚɬɨɪɚ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ- ɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɩɨ- ɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɭ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ⱥɧɞɪɟɟɜɚ, Ɇ. ȼ. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜɟɛ-ɤɜɟɫɬ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ɇ. ȼ. Ⱥɧɞɪɟɟɜɚ // ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢ- ɨɧɧɨ-ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɦ ɹɡɵɤɚɦ. Ɍɟɡɢɫɵ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɨɜ I Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ. Ɇ., 2004. 2. Ȼɵɯɨɜɫɤɢɣ, ə. ɋ. Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɟɛ-ɤɜɟɫɬɵ [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ] / ə. ɋ. Ȼɵɯɨɜɫɤɢɣ // Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ «ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚ- ɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ. ɂɌɈ – 99» – http: //ito.bitpro.ru/1999. 3. Ƚɨɪɹɟɜ, Ⱥ. ɉ. Ɏɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɚɹ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ⱥ. ɉ. Ƚɨ- ɪɹɟɜ, ȼ. ȼ. ɑɭɦɚɱɟɧɤɨ. – Ɇ.: «Ⱦɪɨɮɚ», 2009. 4. ȿɪɨɮɟɟɜɚ, ɇ. ɇ. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢ ɫɚɦɨ- ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɦɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɈɈɉ ɇɈɈ [ɗɥɟɤ- ɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ] / ɇ. ɇ. ȿɪɨɮɟɟɜɚ, ɚɞɪɟɫ ɫɫɵɥɤɢ: https://goo.gl/3N9gTk. 5. Ɋɨɦɚɧɰɟɜɚ. ɘ. ȼ. ȼɟɛ-ɤɜɟɫɬ ɤɚɤ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ- ɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ], ɚɞɪɟɫ ɫɫɵɥɤɢ: http://festival.1september.ru/articles/513088. 6. ɋɟɪɞɸɤ, ȿ. ȼ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ Web-quest ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɢɫɶ- ɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɪɲɟɣ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɚɯ ɫ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɢɡɭ- ɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ȿ. ȼ. ɋɟɪɞɸɤ, Ⱦ. ɋ. Ʉɚɧɟɜɚ // ɋɛɨɪ- ɧɢɤ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ II ɦɟɠɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ. – ɋɵɤɬɵɜɤɚɪ, 2010. 7. Ɏɟɞɢɧ, ɋ. ɇ. Ɏɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɚɹ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ. 2–3 ɤɥɚɫɫɵ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ / ɋ. ɇ. Ɏɟɞɢɧ. – Ɇ.: ȼɂɌȺ-ɉɊȿɋɋ, 2014.

28 ɍȾɄ 372.416.2 Ɍ. ȼ. Ɂɚɩɢɜɚɯɢɧɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «Ɇɟɬɚɥɥɭɪɝɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ» ɇɨɜɨɤɭɡɧɟɰɤɢɣ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɣɨɧ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]

Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɤ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ ɤɚɤ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɹ

ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɺɦɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɤ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.

Ƚɪɚɦɨɬɧɵɣ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶ, ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ.

T. V. Zapivakhina, Municipal Autonomous Educational Institution «Metallurg General Education School», Novokuznetsk municipal district, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]

The development of interest in reading as a condition of the formation of a functionally literate reader

The article describes the pedagogical techniques of developing interest in reading in learners and gaining the experience of independent reading activity.

Literate reader, interest in reading, technology of productive reading.

Ɉɬ ɧɟɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɟɠɟɥɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɫɬɪɚɞɚɸɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɧɨ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɢ, ɢ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ, ɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ – ɷɬɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ. «ɑɬɟɧɢɟ – ɷɬɨ ɨɤɨɲɤɨ. ɑɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɞɟɬɢ ɜɢɞɹɬ ɢ ɩɨɡɧɚɸɬ ɦɢɪ ɢ ɫɚɦɢɯ ɫɟɛɹ», – ɩɢɫɚɥ ȼ. Ⱥ. ɋɭɯɨɦɥɢɧɫɤɢɣ. ɋɨɝɥɚɲɚɹɫɶ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ȼ. Ⱥ. ɋɭɯɨɦɥɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ, ɨɬɦɟɬɢɦ: ɤɟɦ ɛɵ ɧɢ ɛɵɥ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɤɚɤɨɣ ɛɵ ɪɨɞ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɧ ɧɢ ɢɡɛɪɚɥ, ɨɧ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɦ, ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɫɜɚɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ, ɧɨ ɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɭɠɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɨɫɦɵɫɥɢɜɚɹ ɟɺ. Ʉ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɦɭ ɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸ, ɢɡ ɝɨɞɚ ɜ ɝɨɞ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɤ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ

29 ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ. ɑɬɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɥɭɯ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɧɨ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ. Ɇɵ ɨɛ ɷɬɨɦ ɡɧɚɟɦ ɧɟ ɩɨɧɚɫɥɵɲɤɟ, ɚ, ɬɚɤ ɫɤɚ- ɡɚɬɶ, ɢɡɧɭɬɪɢ. Ʉɚɤɨɜɵ ɠɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ: ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ; ɧɟɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɢ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ; ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɤ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ; ɭɬɪɚɱɟɧɵ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ [1]. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɧɟɭɦɟɧɢɟɦ, ɧɟɠɟɥɚɧɢɟɦ ɱɢ- ɬɚɬɶ. Ɋɟɲɢɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢ- ɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɤ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ. ɂɡ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɦɧɟ ɛɥɢɠɟ ɬɟɯɧɨ- ɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ. Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɇ. ɇ. ɋɜɟɬɥɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɭɤɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 30 ɥɟɬ. Ⱥɜɬɨ- ɪɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ȿ. ȼ. Ȼɭɧɟɟɜɚ, Ɋ. ɇ. Ȼɭɧɟɟɜ, ɬɜɨɪɱɟ- ɫɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɢ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ ɇ. ɇ. ɋɜɟɬɥɨɜɫɤɨɣ. ɐɟɥɶ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ: ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ. ȼ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɡɚɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɮɨɪɦɢ- ɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɹ, ɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɬɨɣɤɚɹ ɩɪɢɜɵɱɤɚ ɤ ɱɬɟ- ɧɢɸ [1]. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɬɪɢ ɷɬɚɩɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ. I ɷɬɚɩ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ɞɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɡɚɝɥɚɜɢɹ, ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɫɥɨɜ ɞɟɬɢ ɜɵɫɤɚ- ɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɬɟɦɟ, ɝɟɪɨɹɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ. ɋɬɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬ, ɬ.ɟ. ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ «ɞɢɚɥɨɝ ɫ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ» ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶ- ɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ. ɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɞɢɚɥɨɝ ɫ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ? ɗɬɨ ɩɪɢɺɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ: ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɩɪɹɦɵɟ ɢ ɫɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ; ɡɚɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ; ɨɛɞɭɦɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ; ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɬɶ, ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɬ ɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɫ ɡɚɦɵɫɥɨɦ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ. ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ ɫ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜɵɱɢɬɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢɡ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ. II ɷɬɚɩ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ. Ʉɨɦɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ. Ʉɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɣ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɤɪɚɬɤɢɦ ɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɵɦ, ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɛɟɫɟɞɭ. ɉɪɟɪɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ – ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ – Ⱦɨ- ɝɚɞɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɨɱɟɦɭ? ɉɨɱɟɦɭ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ? ɍɱɢɬɶ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɚɜɬɨɪɭ. ɑɟɦ ɷɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɶ?

30 ɑɬɨ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɫɥɭɱɢɬɫɹ? ɉɨɱɟɦɭ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɬɚɤ? ɗɬɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɭ ɫɟɛɹ ɩɨ ɯɨɞɭ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ. III ɷɬɚɩ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ. Ɍɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɢɯ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ. Ɍɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɬɢɩɚ «ɩɪɨɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɭɣ», «ɫɨɱɢɧɢ», ɧɨ ɢ ɬɢɩɚ «ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɶ ɩɥɚɧ» (ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ, ɜ ɩɚɪɚɯ). ȼ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ 4 ɫɮɟɪɵ: ɷɦɨɰɢɨ- ɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ, ɜɨɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɦɚɹ, ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ, ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɯɭɞɨɠɟ- ɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ. ɋɚɦɚɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɚɹ ɭ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɫɮɟɪɚ – ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨ- ɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ: ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡ ɨ ɝɟɪɨɟ, ɫɨɛɵɬɢɢ; ɜɵɛɨɪɨɱɧɵɣ ɢ ɤɪɚɬɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɫɤɚɡ; ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɚ; ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ [1, 2, 4]. ɇɨ, ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɚɱɢɜɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɭɦɟɧɢɢ ɱɢɬɚɬɶ, ɧɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɡɚɛɵɜɚɬɶ ɨ ɪɚɡɜɢ- ɬɢɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɶ. ɉɪɢ ɱɬɟɧɢɢ-ɫɥɭɲɚɧɢɢ ɜɚɠɧɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɛɵɥ ɚɤɬɢ- ɜɟɧ ɤɚɤ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶ ɢ ɫɥɟɞɢɥ ɡɚ ɱɬɟɧɢɟɦ, ɷɬɨ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶ- ɧɨɦɭ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ. ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɤɚ ɷɬɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ [3]. ɉɪɢɧɢɦɚɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɸ, ɧɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɡɚɛɵɜɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɭɪɨɤɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɞɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ. Ɋɟɛɟɧɤɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ «ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨ ɱɢɬɚɬɶ» – ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬ, ɪɚɡɦɵɲɥɹɬɶ ɧɚɞ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ, ɜɵɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɝɥɚɜɧɭɸ ɦɵɫɥɶ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ. Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɫɨ- ɡɞɚɟɬ ɛɚɡɭ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɝɢɛɤɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɭ- ɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ. ɗɬɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɫɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟ- ɧɹɬɶ ɢ ɜɧɟ ɭɪɨɤɚ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ [4]. Ɉɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɜɲɢɫɶ ɫɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɦɢ ɞɟɬɫɤɢɦɢ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɹɦɢ, ɹ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨ- ɜɚɥɚ ɢɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɥɚ ɜɵɜɨɞ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ «Ɇɭɪɡɢɥɤɚ». ɀɭɪɧɚɥ «Ɇɭɪɡɢɥɤɚ» – ɷɬɨ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɧɢɤ ɧɚ ɦɨɢɯ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ. ə ɫɱɢ- ɬɚɸ ɟɝɨ ɡɟɪɤɚɥɨɦ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ. Ɉɧ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɭɸɳɟɟ ɡɜɟɧɨ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ. Ɋɟɞɚɤɰɢɹ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɚ «Ɇɭɪɡɢɥɤɚ» ɨɬ- ɛɢɪɚɟɬ ɥɭɱɲɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɞɟɬɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ, ɚ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɤɪɚ- ɫɨɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɷɬɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɦ. «Ɇɭɪɡɢɥɤɚ» ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ ɫ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɤɚɡɤɚɦɢ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɨ- ɥɟɡɧɨɟ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɟ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ. ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɟ ɪɭɛɪɢɤɢ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɚ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ- ɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ

31 ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɤ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɦɭ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ: ɪɭɫ- ɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ («ɉɪɨɝɭɥɤɢ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ»), ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɣ ɦɢɪ («Ɏɥɨɪɚ ɢ ɮɚɭɧɚ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɵ»), ɬɪɭɞ (ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɜ ɪɭɛɪɢɤɚɯ), ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ («ɑɟɦɩɢɨɧ»), ɈȻɀ («ɒɤɨɥɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ»), ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨ («ɂɞɺɦ ɜ ɦɭɡɟɣ», «ɏɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɝɚɥɟɪɟɹ»). ȼ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɧɨɦɟɪɟ «Ɇɭɪɡɢɥɤɚ» ɟɫɬɶ ɢɝɪɵ ɢ ɤɪɨɫɫɜɨɪɞɵ, ɡɚɝɚɞɤɢ ɢ ɝɨɥɨɜɨɥɨɦɤɢ, ɪɟɛɭɫɵ, ɪɚɫ- ɤɪɚɫɤɢ, ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɣ-ɫɚɦɨɞɟɥɨɤ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɟ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ. ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɪɵɜɟɧ. Ɇɧɨɸ ɛɵɥ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧ ɤɪɭɠɨɤ «ɑɢɬɚɟɦ ɫ ɭɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ». ɐɟɥɶ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɤɪɭɠɤɚ – ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶ ɪɟɛɹɬ ɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɛɟɝɥɨ, ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬ, ɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɝɟɪɨɹɦ. ɇɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ ɤɪɭɠɤɚ ɪɟɛɹɬɚ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɹɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɤɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ. Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɠɟɥɚɸɳɢɣ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡ, ɩɨɛɵɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɪɨɥɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɟɪɨɟɜ ɤɧɢɝ, ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɹ ɜ ɫɰɟɧɤɚɯ. ȼɟɞɟɦ ɞɢɚɥɨɝ ɫ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ, ɭɱɢɦɫɹ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɚɜ- ɬɨɪɭ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɡɭɱɢɜɚɟɦ ɦɨɧɨɥɨɝɢ, ɞɢɚɥɨɝɢ, ɪɚɡɵɝɪɵɜɚɟɦ ɬɟɚɬɪɚ- ɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɪɢɫɭɟɦ, ɩɢɲɟɦ ɩɢɫɶɦɚ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɇɚ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡ- ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɟɬɫɹ I ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɶ. ɂɬɨɝɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɩɨ ɩɪɨ- ɱɢɬɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚɦ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɩɨɫɟɥɤɨɜɚɹ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚ ɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ. Ⱦɟɬɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɩɪɨ- ɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ. ɋ ɭɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɨɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɜɟɞɭɬ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɞɧɟɜɧɢɤɢ. ȼ ɷɬɢɯ ɞɧɟɜɧɢɤɚɯ ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɪɨ- ɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚ, ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɚ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ, ɜɫɬɪɟ- ɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɱɬɟɧɢɢ, ɜɨɫɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɜ ɜɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɢ- ɫɚɬɟɥɟɦ. ȼɚɠɧɨ ɫ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɚɪɟ. ɗɬɨɬ ɜɢɞ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɟɧ. Ɉɧ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɪɟɱɟɜɭɸ ɢ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ. ȼ ɩɚɪɚɯ ɠɟɥɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɥɚɛɨ ɱɢɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɛɹɬ, ɷɬɨ ɧɚɭɱɢɬ ɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɶ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɚ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ, ɬ. ɤ., ɪɚɛɨɬɚɹ, ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤ ɭɱɢɬɫɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɥɸɞɶɦɢ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɢ ɱɭɠɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɚɧɤɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɨɫɟɳɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɛɢɛ- ɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ, ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɹ ɫɞɟɥɚɥɚ ɜɵɜɨɞ: ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬ- ɫɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɪɭɝɨɡɨɪ. ɍɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɦɨɟɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɤ ɭɪɨɤɚɦ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɤ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢ- ɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦ ɩɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɟ.

32 ɋɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɱɟ- ɬɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɺɦɨɜ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚ ɜɧɟɤɥɚɫɫɧɨɦ ɱɬɟɧɢɢ, ɫɩɨ- ɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶ- ɧɨɫɬɢ ɭ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ. ɉɨɥɚɝɚɸ, ɱɬɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɥɨ ɬɚ- ɤɢɯ ɭɫɩɟɯɨɜ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɬɢɩɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶ- ɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɯ. ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɨɩɢɪɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ, ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɭɸ ɇ. ɇ. ɋɜɟɬɥɨɜɫɤɨɣ, ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɹ ɩɨɞɛɢɪɚɸ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɺɦɨɜ, ɤɨ- ɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ȼɭɧɟɟɜɚ, ȿ. ȼ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: Ɉɛɪɚɡɨ- ɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ «ɒɤɨɥɚ 2100» / ȿ. ȼ. Ȼɭɧɟɟɜɚ, Ɋ. ɇ. Ȼɭɧɟɟɜ. – Ɇ.: Ȼɚ- ɥɚɫɫ, 2011. – 192 ɫ. 2. Ʉɭɲɧɢɪ, ɇ. Ɇ. ɑɬɨ ɞɚɺɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɢɩɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɇ. Ɇ. Ʉɭɲɧɢɪ, ȿ. ɉ. Ɍɪɨ- ɢɰɤɚɹ // ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ɩɥɸɫ Ⱦɨ ɢ ɉɨɫɥɟ. – 2006. – ʋ 6. – ɋ. 45–48. 3. Ɋɨɞɢɧɚ, Ɍ. ɂ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɢɩɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ɍ. ɂ. Ɋɨɞɢɧɚ // ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ. – 2001. – ʋ 7. – ɋ. 36–39. 4. ɋɜɟɬɥɨɜɫɤɚɹ, ɇ. ɇ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɨ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɟ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɇ. ɇ. ɋɜɟɬɥɨɜɫɤɚɹ. – Ɇ.: Ɇɚɝɢɫɬɪ, 1993. – 180 ɫ.

ɍȾɄ 373.3 ɋ. ȼ. ɂɝɧɚɬɶɟɜɚ, Ⱥ. Ⱥ. Ɏɢɥɢɦɨɧɟɧɤɨ, Ɇ. ɂ. ɇɚɣɞɟɧɤɨ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 36», Ⱥɧɠɟɪɨ-ɋɭɞɠɟɧɫɤɢɣ ȽɈ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ

ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɨɛɪɚ- ɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɫ ɢɫ- ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɎȽɈɋ ɇɈɈ.

Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ, ɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɝɪɵ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ.

33 S. V. Ignatyeva, A. A. Filimonenko, M. I. Naydenko, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «Secondary school ʋ 36», the city of Anzhero-Sudzhensk, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

Improving the quality of education of primary school children through the use of active teaching methods

The article deals with the problem of improving the quality of education of primary school children through applying active teaching methods under the conditions of the implementation of Federal Educational Standard for Primary General Education.

Active teaching methods, problem based learning, didactic games, project activity.

ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ, ɜɵɡɜɚɥɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬ- ɤɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ, ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɱɟ- ɧɢɤ ɢɡ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɹ, ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɟɜɪɚɬɢɥɫɹ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɡɧɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ, ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ. ɍɱɢɬɟɥɸ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɨ- ɫɬɭɩɧɨ ɜɫɺ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɧɨ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɶ, ɩɪɢɜɢɬɶ ɟɦɭ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ [3]. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɦɨɝɭɬ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɭ ɭɫɜɨɢɬɶ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɭɦɟɥɨ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɩɨ- ɬɨɤɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ? Ɇɵ ɯɨɬɟɥɢ ɛɵ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɯ ɨɛɭ- ɱɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɧɟ ɧɚ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚ- ɬɟɥɟɦ ɝɨɬɨɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɚ ɧɚ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɜɥɚɞɟ- ɜɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢ- ɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ. Ɉɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦɫɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɭɪɨɤɨɜ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɦɭɡɵɤɢ, ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ, ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱ- ɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ. ɇɟɦɚɥɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɷɦɨɰɢ- ɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣ ɧɚ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. ɇɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɦɭɡɵɤɢ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ- ɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸ ɷɩɢɝɪɚɮɵ, ɜɢɞɟɨɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ, ɤɪɨɫɫ- ɜɨɪɞɵ ɫ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ, ɪɟɛɭɫɵ ɢ ɡɚɝɚɞɤɢ. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟ- ɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ «ɉɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɦɭɡɵɤɟ» ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɭɪɨɤɨɜ «Ɇɟɥɨɞɢɢ ɢ ɤɪɚɫɤɢ ɜɟɫɧɵ» ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ, «Ʉɚɪɬɢɧɵ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɜ ɦɭɡɵɤɟ» ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ, «Ɇɨɪɨɡ ɢ ɫɨɥɧɰɟ; ɞɟɧɶ ɱɭɞɟɫɧɵɣ!...» ɜ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɷɩɢɝɪɚɮɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸ ɫɬɢɯɢ Ⱥ. ɉɥɟɳɟɟɜɚ, ɂ. Ȼɭɧɢɧɚ, Ɏ. Ɍɸɬɱɟɜɚ, ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɨɜ ɂ. Ʌɟɜɢɬɚɧɚ, ȼ. ȼɚɫɧɟɰɨɜɚ, ɂ. Ȼɢɥɢɛɢɧɚ. ɉɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟ-

34 ɧɢɢ ɬɟɦ «ɋɭɪɨɜɚɹ ɤɪɚɫɨɬɚ ɇɨɪɜɟɝɢɢ», «Ɇɭɡɵɤɚ ɍɤɪɚɢɧɵ», «ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ. Ȼɟɥɵɟ ɧɨɱɢ» ɜ ɱɟɬɜɺɪɬɨɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɸ ɡɚɨɱɧɨɟ ɩɭɬɟɲɟɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɚ- ɧɚɦ. Ɇɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɣ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ, ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɤɥɢɤɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɢɝɪɨɜɵɟ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɵ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɭɪɨɤɚ, ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɨ ɧɚɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ. ɇɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɬɟɦɵ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ ɫ ɫɢɬɭ- ɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɧɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɚ, ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨ- ɞɢɬ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɝɨɬɨɜɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ, ɚ, ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ, ɫɬɚɪɚɸɫɶ ɜɵɞɜɢɝɚɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ ɢ ɩɨɛɭɠɞɚɸ ɤ ɟɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ. Ɍɚɤ, ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟ- ɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɵ «ȼɟɱɧɚɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɝɟɪɨɹɦ. Ⱦɟɧɶ ɉɨɛɟɞɵ» ɜ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɫɢɬɭɚ- ɰɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɺɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ: «ɉɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɱɟɝɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɦɭɡɵɤɚ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɨ ɜɨɣɧɟ?» ɐɟɥɶ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ – ɩɪɢɞɚɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɦɧɨɝɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɢɡɭɱɚɟ- ɦɨɣ ɬɟɦɵ ɝɨɞɚ «Ɉ ɱɺɦ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɦɭɡɵɤɚ?» ɢ ɬɟɦɵ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɤɚ. ɉɨ- ɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɭɸ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ, ɰɟɥɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ – ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɨɧɚɰɢɢ ɦɭɡɵ- ɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɠɚɧɪɨɜ. ɂɥɢ, ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɵ «ɉɨɪɬɪɟɬ ɜ ɦɭɡɵɤɟ», ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɡɚɞɭɦɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɞ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɦ: «Ɇɨɠɟɬ ɥɢ ɦɭɡɵɤɚ ɧɚɪɢɫɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ?». ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ: «ɉɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɱɟɝɨ ɦɭɡɵɤɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɪɢɫɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ». ȼ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɤɚ ɞɟɬɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɸɬ ɩɪɢ- ɱɢɧɧɨ-ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ, ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹ ɤ ɜɵɜɨɞɭ ɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨ- ɪɨɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɫɨ- ɡɞɚɬɶ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɹɞɚ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɪɚɡɜɢ- ɬɢɟ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɝɥɹɞɚ ɧɚ ɦɢɪ. ɇɚ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɫɬɪɟɦ- ɥɸɫɶ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ, ɩɨɨɳɪɹɸ ɢ ɩɨɞ- ɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɩɟɯɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɲɢɦɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚɦɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɝɪɚ. Ɉɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɢɝɪɨɜɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ – ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ. Ⱦɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɝɪɵ ɤɚɤ «Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɥɨɬɨ», «Ⱦɜɚɠɞɵ ɞɜɚ-ɱɟɬɵɪɟ», «ɋɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ- ɜɵɱɢɬɚɧɢɟ» ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɭɪɫɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ «Ɂɚɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ». Ɉɧɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɭ ɝɥɭɛɠɟ ɜɧɢɤɚɬɶ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚ- ɸɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɭ, ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ. ɂɝɪɚ ɤɚɤ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɭɪɨɤɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɤ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɷɬɚɩɟ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɟɬɢ, ɧɟɩɪɢɧɭɠɞɺɧɧɨ ɨɛɳɚɹɫɶ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ, ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ. 35 ȼ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦ ɤɭɪɫɟ «Ƚɞɟ ɪɨɞɢɥɫɹ, ɬɚɦ ɢ ɩɪɢɝɨɞɢɥɫɹ» ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟ- ɫɬɜɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɪɨɥɟɜɵɟ ɢɝɪɵ. Ɍɚɤ, ɢɝɪɵ «ȼ ɤɚɛɢɧɟɬɟ ɜɪɚɱɚ», «Ɇɨɣ ɩɚɩɚ – ɩɨɥɢɰɟɣɫɤɢɣ», «Ʉɟɦ ɹ ɯɨɱɭ ɫɬɚɬɶ» ɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɩɥɨɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɩɨɧɹɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɦɵɫ- ɥɢ, ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚ, ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɢ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɢɝɪɵ «ɋɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɨɪɨɝɟ» ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɟ «Ʉɬɨ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɠɟ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ?» ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ ɢɝɪɵ, ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɢɝɪɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɣ, ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɪɨɥɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɢɝɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɢɝɪɵ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɢɬɶ ɫɸɠɟɬ ɩɨ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɸ. ȼ ɢɝɪɟ ɨɞɧɢ ɞɟɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɪɨɥɢ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ, ɞɪɭɝɢɟ – ɩɟɲɟ- ɯɨɞɨɜ, ɬɪɟɬɶɢ – ɩɨɥɢɰɟɣɫɤɢɯ-ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɳɢɤɨɜ. ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɢɝɪɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɜ ɫɨ- ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɢɯ ɪɨɥɹɦɢ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɢɝɪɵ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɢ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɹɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ ɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɞɨɪɨɝɟ, ɨɛɳɟɧɢɸ ɦɟɠ- ɞɭ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɩɟɲɟɯɨɞɚɦɢ, ɩɨɥɢɰɟɣɫɤɢɦɢ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦ: ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ, ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ, ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦɭɡɵɤɢ. Ɇɟɠɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɩɨɦɨɝɚ- ɸɬ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɧɟɤɥɚɫɫɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦɢ. ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɭɪɨɤɚ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ. Ɉɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɦɹɝɤɨ ɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɨ, ɩɨɦɨɝɚ- ɟɬ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢɝɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚɦɢ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟ- ɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦ ɞɟɬɢ ɭɱɚɬɫɹ ɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɫɨɨɛɳɟ- ɧɢɹ ɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɨɜ, ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɟ ɭɪɨɤɚ, ɫɨ- ɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɩɥɚɤɚɬɵ, ɦɚɤɟɬɵ. Ɍɚɤ, ɜ 4 ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɥɨ- ɤɚ «ɂɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɬɜɨɟɦ ɞɨɦɟ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɢɡ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɟ», ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɥɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɢɡɭɱɚɥɢ ɢɫɬɨɤɢ ɞɟ- ɤɨɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ- ɫɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ ɟɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɪɟɲɚɥɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ: «Ʉɚɤ ɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɫɟɦɶɢ?» Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɢ ɩɥɚɧ ɞɟɣ- ɫɬɜɢɣ, ɫɨɛɢɪɚɥɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɯ ɛɵɬɚ ɜ ɫɟɦɶɟ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɨ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɭ, ɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɥɢɫɶ ɫ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɟɣ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɛɵɬɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɩɨɫɭɞɚ, ɨɞɟɠɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ, ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɢ ɨɪɭɞɢɹ ɬɪɭɞɚ. Ⱦɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɟ ɡɚɤɥɸ- ɱɚɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɩɨɢɫɤɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɟ, ɜ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɟɺ ɜ ɝɪɭɩ- ɩɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɧɟɫɬɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɞɥɹ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɞɟɬɢ ɞɟɥɢɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ, ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɢ ɭɤɪɚɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɠɢɥɢɳɚ, ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɛɵɬɚ, ɨɪɭɞɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɚ, ɤɨɫɬɸɦ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ. Ʉɚɠɞɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɥɚ ɢɞɟɢ, ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɚ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨ- 36 ɫɬɢ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. Ɍɚɤ, ɝɪɭɩɩɚ «Ȼɟɪɟɝɢɧɢ» ɫɨɛɢɪɚɥɚ ɢɧ- ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨɛ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɛɵɬɨɜɨɣ ɠɟɧɫɤɨɣ ɨɞɟɠɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ ɜ ɛɵɬɭ. Ⱦɟɬɢ ɩɪɢɧɨɫɢɥɢ ɮɚɪɬɭɤɢ, ɧɚɪɭɤɚɜɧɢɤɢ, ɩɥɚɬɤɢ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɫɟɦɶɹɯ ɩɨ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɭ. ɂɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɨɹɥɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɨɫ ɜ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɫɟɦɶɹɯ: ɤɚɤɭɸ ɨɞɟɠɞɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɳɢ, ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɭɫɚɞɟɛɧɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ, ɜ ɛɵɬɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ. ɉɨ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɪɟɛɹɬɚ ɩɨɩɵɬɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɟ. «ɋɬɪɟɥɶɰɵ» ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɛɵɬɨɜɨɣ ɦɭɠɫɤɨɣ ɨɞɟɠɞɵ. «ɑɭ- ɞɨɞɟɢ» ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɭɤɪɚɲɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɥɢɳɚ. ɇɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɪɟɛɹ- ɬɚ ɭɡɧɚɥɢ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɤɚɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɨɞɟɠɞɭ, ɭɯɚɠɢɜɚɥɢ ɡɚ ɧɟɣ, ɝɞɟ ɜ ɫɬɚɪɢ- ɧɭ ɛɪɚɥɢ ɨɞɟɠɞɭ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɢ ɧɚ ɨɞɟɠɞɟ. Ƚɪɭɩɩɚ «Ɂɧɚɣɤɢ» ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ (ɷɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɢ, ɫɥɨɜɚɪɢ, ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤɢ), ɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɢ ɫ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɚ, ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɢ ɤɧɢɝɢ- ɫɤɚɡɤɢ, ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɢ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɞɟɬɢ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɥɢ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɭɸ ɢɧ- ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɝɨɬɨɜɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ. Ɉɝɪɨɦɧɭɸ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɜ ɩɨɞɛɨɪɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɢ ɪɟɛɹɬɚɦ ɢɯ ɪɨ- ɞɢɬɟɥɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɟ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɟ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɨ- ɦɨɝɚɥɢ ɨɮɨɪɦɢɬɶ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɪɚɡɜɺɪɧɭɬɨɣ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜ- ɥɹɥɢ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɵɣ ɚɥɶɛɨɦ «ɉɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɛɵɬɚ ɦɨɢɯ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ», «Ɍɪɚɞɢɰɢɢ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɫɟɦɶɢ: ɨɪɭɞɢɹ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ» ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɇɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɨɫɶ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɟɥɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. ɉɪɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɝɪɭɩ- ɩɚɦ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ, ɩɨɯɜɚɥɢɬɶ, ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ. Ʉɨɧɟɱɧɵɦ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɫɬɚɥ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɞɢɫɤ ɫ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚɦɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɹɦɢ, ɛɪɨɲɸɪɚ ɫ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɯ ɛɵɬɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɫɟɦɶɢ. ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɧɚɭɱɢɥɢɫɶ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɯ ɢ ɫɟɬɢ ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɢɧ- ɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ, ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɚɬɶ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ. Ⱦɟɬɢ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɟɪɩɢɦɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɞɪɭɝ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɭ, ɧɚɭɱɢ- ɥɢɫɶ ɜɵɫɥɭɲɢɜɚɬɶ ɦɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɬɨɜɚɪɢɳɟɣ, ɜɫɟɯ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɦɨɝɚ- ɸɬ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɬɶ ɧɟ- ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ, ɨɬɨ- ɪɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɨɬ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢ ɬ. ɞ. [4]. ɂ ɷɬɨɬ ɜɧɭɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɜɞɨɯɧɨɜɥɹɟɬ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɢɫɤɢ ɩɪɢɺɦɨɜ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɨ- ɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ⱦɚɜɵɞɨɜ, ȼ. ȼ. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ȼ. ȼ. Ⱦɚɜɵ- ɞɨɜ. – Ɇ.: Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ, 2004. – 288 ɫ. 37 2. Ʉɫɟɧɡɨɜɚ, Ƚ. ɘ. ɉɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɭɱɟɛɧɨ- ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ / Ƚ. ɘ. Ʉɫɟɧɡɨɜɚ. – Ɇ.: ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, 2000. – 224 ɫ. 3. Ɇɟɞɜɟɞɟɜ, Ⱦ. Ⱥ. Ɉ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚɯ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]: ɉɨɫɥɚɧɢɟ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɫɨ- ɛɪɚɧɢɸ ɊɎ ɨɬ 12.11. 2009 – Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: http:// consultant.ru/document/ cons_doc_LAW_93657/. – Ɂɚɝɥ. ɫ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ. 4. ɏɢɠɧɹɤɨɜɚ, Ɉ. ɇ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ɉ. ɇ. ɏɢɠɧɹɤɨɜɚ // ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. – 2006. – ʋ 6. – ɋ. 36.

ɍȾɄ 373.3 ɗ. ɂ. ɂɜɥɟɜɚ, Ɍ. Ⱥ. Ʉɭɠɟɥɟɜɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɒɤɨɥɚ ʋ 17», ɉɨɥɵɫɚɟɜɫɤɢɣ ȽɈ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɤɚɤ ɜɚɠɧɵɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ

Ʌɸɛɨɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɫ ɪɚɞɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɭ ɧɟɝɨ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ. ɇɨ ɥɸɛɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɟɣ. ɍ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɩɭɬɶ ɨɬ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɨ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɭɫɩɟɯɨɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤɨɪɨɱɟ.

Ɋɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɹ, ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ, ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ, ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶ- ɧɨɫɬɶ.

E. I. Ivleva, T. A. Kuzheleva, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «Secondary School ʋ 17», Polysaevo urban district, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

The formation of reflective skills as an important factor in the development of independence in primary school children

Any person is happy doing what he is good at. But any activity begins with overcoming adversity. People having reflexive way tend to succeed in achieving their goals faster.

Reflection, collaboration, motivation, success, independence.

38 ɀɢɡɧɶ ɜ XXI ɜɟɤɟ, ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɨɬ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ «ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɛɵɬɶ ɟɺ ɩɨɞɥɢɧɧɵɦ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ» [2, ɫ. 14]. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ ɫɚɦɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɥɚɧɵ. ɎȽɈɋ ɇɈɈ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ. ɇɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɦɵ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚ- ɟɦ ɭ ɪɟɛɹɬ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɧɟɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ, ɧɚɦɟɱɚɬɶ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɩɭɬɢ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɞɟɬɢ ɟɳɺ ɧɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ- ɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɹɦɢ. ɇɚ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ. ȼɚɠɧɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɢɡ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɨɛɭ- ɱɟɧɢɹ (ɫɬɚɬɭɫɧɚɹ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ «ə – ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤ») ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɬɢɥɫɹ ɜ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ, ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɨɪɚ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ (ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɩɨɡɢ- ɰɢɹ «ə – ɭɱɚɳɢɣɫɹ»). Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ «ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ» ɹɜɥɹ- ɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ. Ɋɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɹ – ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɩɭɫɬɚɹ ɬɪɚɬɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸ- ɳɚɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜ ɫɨ- ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ: ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɢɦɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨ- ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɢ, ɫɯɨɠɟɟ ɫ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɦ, ɛɵɥɨ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɨ Ⱦɠ. Ʌɨɤɤɨɦ «… ɜ ɝɨɥɨɜɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɫɢɞɢɬ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɣ ɱɟɥɨ- ɜɟɱɟɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬ ɢ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ» [3, ɫ. 78]. ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ (ɐɭɤɟɪɦɚɧ Ƚ. Ⱥ., ɋɥɨɛɨɞɱɢɤɨɜ ȼ. ɂ., Ȼɨɥɨɬɧɢɤɨɜɚ Ɉ. Ⱥ. ɢ ɞɪ.) ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɹ ɬɪɚɤɬɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɧɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ. ɋ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɤɚɤ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɦɵɲɥɟ- ɧɢɹ, ɚ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɋɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɹ ɧɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜɧɟɡɚɩɧɨ. ɋɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɨɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ-ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧ- ɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɬɨɦ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɫɨ- ɡɧɚɧɢɹ. Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ – ɷɬɨ ɜɚɠɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ. ȼɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɪɢ ɷɬɚɩɚ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟ- ɫɬɜɚ (ɩɨ Ƚ. Ⱥ. ɐɭɤɟɪɦɚɧ) [4, ɫ. 27–42]. 1. ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ ɫɨ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɦ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɭ ɫ ɩɟɪɜɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɜ ɞɧɢ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɤ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɦ ɫ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɢ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɩɟɪɜɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɭ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ, ɜɜɨɞɢɦ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɟ ɥɢɧɟɟɱɤɢ, ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɪɟɛɹɬɚ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɜɨɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɢ

39 ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɨɞɧɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɚ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦ: ɤɪɚɫɢɜɨ, ɚɤɤɭɪɚɬɧɨ, ɩɪɚ- ɜɢɥɶɧɨ. Ɋɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɜɧɨ-ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ (ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ-«ɥɨɜɭɲɤɢ»), ɩɨɡɜɨ- ɥɹɸɬ ɜɵɹɫɧɢɬɶ, ɭɦɟɟɬ ɥɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟ- ɧɢɹ. Ɋɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɜɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ («ɤɚɤ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ (ɩɪɢɞɭɦɵɜɚɬɶ) ɬɚɤɢɟ ɠɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ») ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦ ɫ 1 ɤɥɚɫɫɚ. ɉɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɵ «ɋɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɞɥɢɧɟ» ɩɪɨɫɢɦ: «Ɋɚɫɫɤɚɠɢɬɟ, ɤɚɤ ɜɵ ɨɩɪɟ- ɞɟɥɢɬɟ, ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɡɧɚɹ ɞɥɢɧɚ ɩɨɥɨɫɨɤ. Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɣɬɟ, ɚ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɣɬɟ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ, ɤɚɤ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ». ȼɚɠɧɨ ɞɨɛɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɟɬɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɨ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ, ɩɪɨɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɹ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɜɫɥɭɯ. Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɧɟɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚ- ɰɢɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɧɚ ɬɨɦ ɠɟ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ, ɩɨɫɥɟ «ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ» ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɞɥɢɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ: «ɇɚɦ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɞɥɢɧɟ ɞɢɜɚɧ ɢ ɤɪɨ- ɜɚɬɶ – ɱɬɨ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɞɥɢɧɧɟɟ? ɉɪɢɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɞɪɭɝ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɭ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ. Ʉɚɤ ɛɵɬɶ?» Ⱦɥɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɞɟɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸɬ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ, ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɶ ɞɥɢɧɭ ɞɢɜɚɧɚ ɢ ɤɪɨɜɚɬɢ, ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɶ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ. 2. ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɨ ɫɜɟɪɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ. ȼɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ – ɬɪɟɬɶɟɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɚɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ ɢ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ. «ɇɚɣɞɢ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ». ȼ ɱɟɦ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɷɬɢɯ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ? «Ⱦɢɤɬɚɧɬ ɞɥɹ ɪɨɛɨɬɚ». ȼɵɛɨɪ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɟɡɧɚɧɢɹ. Ɉɛɪɚɡɟɰ-«ɩɨɦɨɳɧɢɤ» ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɜɟɪ- ɧɭɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦ, ɧɚɣɬɢ ɢ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɢɯ. 3. ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɫɨɛɨɣ. ɇɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦ ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟ- ɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ. ɇɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɜ 4 ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɟ – ɩɪɢɺɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ, ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɪɚɛɨɬ. ɇɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦ ɩɪɢɺɦ «Ɋɚɡɧɨɰɜɟɬɧɵɟ ɩɨ- ɩɪɚɜɤɢ». ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɚɺɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɫɹ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɢɬɶ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɤɚɪɚɧɞɚɲɨɦ ɫɢɧɟɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ. ɑɟɪɟɡ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɤ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɷɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢ ɫɞɟ- ɥɚɬɶ, ɟɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ, ɩɨɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɤɚɪɚɧɞɚɲɨɦ ɡɟɥɺɧɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɞɟɬɢ «ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɭɸɬ» ɫɜɨɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɢɦ ɜɡɝɥɹɧɭɬɶ ɧɚ ɧɟɺ ɫ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. Ⱦɟɬɢ ɭɱɚɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɟɡɭɥɶ- ɬɚɬɵ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɬɪɭɞɚ.

40 ɇɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦ ɩɪɢ- ɺɦ «Ɇɧɨɝɨɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɵɣ ɜɵɛɨɪ». ɉɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɧɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɸɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ- ɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɢɯ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɜɨɡ- ɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ. ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶ- ɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɩɨ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɦ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦ (Ⱥ. Ȼ. ȼɨɪɨɧɰɨɜ). 1. ɍɦɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɨ ɫɜɨɺɦ ɧɟɡɧɚɧɢɢ, ɨɬɥɢɱɚɬɶ ɢɡɜɟɫɬ- ɧɨɟ ɨɬ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ. 2. ɍɦɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɜ ɧɟɞɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɤɚɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɧɟ ɯɜɚɬɚɟɬ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. 3. ɍɦɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɵɫɥɢ ɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ «ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ». 4. ɍɦɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɧɨ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɱɧɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɵɫɥɢ ɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɤ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ȼɨɥɨɬɧɢɤɨɜɚ, Ɉ. Ⱥ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɤɚɤ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜ- ɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɧɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ɉ. Ⱥ. Ȼɨɥɨɬɧɢɤɨɜɚ // ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ. – 2003. – ɋ. 157. 2. Ⱦɚɜɵɞɨɜ, ȼ. ȼ. Ɇɥɚɞɲɢɣ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤ ɤɚɤ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ȼ. ȼ. Ⱦɚɜɵɞɨɜ, ȼ. ɂ. ɋɥɨɛɨɞɱɢɤɨɜ, Ƚ. Ⱥ. ɐɭɤɟɪɦɚɧ // ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ. – 1992. – ʋ 3–4. – ɋ. 14–19. 3. Ʌɨɤɤ, Ⱦɠ. Ɉɩɵɬ ɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɡɭɦɟɧɢɢ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ⱦɠ. Ʌɨɤɤ. ɋɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ 3 ɬ. Ɍ. 1. – Ɇ.: Ɇɵɫɥɶ, 1985, ɋ.78–582. 4. ɐɭɤɟɪɦɚɧ, Ƚ. Ⱥ. Ɉɬ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɚɬɶ ɤ ɭɦɟɧɢɸ ɭɱɢɬɶ ɫɟɛɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ƚ. Ⱥ. ɐɭɤɟɪɦɚɧ // ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɧɚɭɤɚ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ. – 1996. – ʋ 2. – ɋ. 27–42. 5. ɉɪɹɝɚɟɜɚ, ȿ. Ⱥ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɺɦɨɜ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚ- ɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ] // ɇɚɭɱɧɨ- ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ «Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɬ». – 2016. – Ɍ. 46. – ɋ. 323–328. – URL: http://e-koncept.ru/2016/76540.htm. 6. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɫɨ- ɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ» [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]//Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɚ Ɇɭɥɶ- ɬɢɍɪɨɤ. – URL: https://multiurok.ru/files/formirovaniie-rieflieksii-mladshiegho- shkol-nika-v-usloviiakh-uchiebnogho-sotrudnichiestva.html.

41 ɍȾɄ 373.31 ȿ. ȼ. ɂɥɶɹɫɨɜɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 32», Ȼɟɥɨɜɫɤɢɣ ȽɈ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]

Ɋɨɥɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɎȽɈɋ

ɋɬɚɬɶɹ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚ ɪɨɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɎȽɈɋ. Ⱥɜɬɨɪ ɪɚɡɦɵɲɥɹɟɬ ɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɯ, ɩɨɛɭɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɤ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɸ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨ- ɝɢɣ, ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɚɯ ɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɚɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ. ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ, ɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ.

ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨ-ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ, ɭɧɢ- ɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ.

E. V. Ilyasova, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «General Education School ʋ 32», the city of Belovo, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]

Ɍhe role of educational technology in the primary school teacher’s work in the context of implementation of Federal Educational Standard

The article is devoted to the role of educational technology in the primary school teacher’s work under the condition of the implementation of Federal Educa- tional Standard. The author reflects on the reasons prompting the teacher to use new pedagogical technologies and summarizes advantages and disadvantages of using pedagogical technologies. The paper analyzes the challenges and proposes an algorithm for introducing new technologies.

Systemic-activity approach, pedagogical technologies, Universal Educa- tional Actions, emotionally positive attitude.

Ɉɬɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɎȽɈɋ ɇɈɈ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɛɪɚ- ɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ 42 ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ. ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ- ɧɵɟ, ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ. Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ – ɍɍȾ. Ɉɧɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɭɱɟɧɢ- ɤɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ- ɦɭ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɸ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɧɨ-ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɚɹ ɨɛɪɚ- ɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ: ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɨɛɭɱɟ- ɧɢɹ, ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ-ɭɱɟɧɢɤ [3]. ɉɪɢɧɹɬɵɣ ɎȽɈɋ ɤɚɤ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɥ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɭɸ ɰɟɥɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɗɬɨ – ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɦɵɫɥɹɳɟɣ, ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧ- ɧɨɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɱɥɟɧɚ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟɧ ɤ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɦɭ ɰɟɥɟɩɨɥɚɝɚɧɢɸ, ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬ ɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢ- ɹɯ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ, ɫɨɡɧɚɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɝɨɬɨɜ ɤ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ. ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚ- ɰɢɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ. ɉɨɞ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ ɜ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨ- ɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɤɨɧ- ɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɚɜ- ɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ (ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɰɟɩɨɱɤɚ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɮɨɪɦ, ɦɟ- ɬɨɞɨɜ, ɩɪɢɺɦɨɜ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ. [4] ȼɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ – ɫɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɟɦɚɹ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɫɨ- ɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚ- ɰɢɣ. [5] ȼɧɟɞɪɹɹ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɸ, ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɢ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɟɟ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɟɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ. ɋɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ «ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ» ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɫ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɣ, ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɫ ɨɩɵɬɨɦ ɢ ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ. Ʉɚɤ ɭɠɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ ɜɵɲɟ, ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɜɵɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨ ɢɡ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ- ɫɬɢ, ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟ- ɞɚɝɨɝɚ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɷɬɚɩɧɨ: ɇɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɜɟɞɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɢ ɦɢɪɟ ɨɩɵɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɟ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ. ɇɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɝɨɬɨ- ɜɹɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɵɬɚ. Ɉɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɤɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ, ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɬ. ɩ. 43 Ɉɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨ- ɝɢɢ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ (ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɤɭɪɫɵ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɫɚɦɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ) ɂɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɷɬɚɩ – ɷɬɨ ɷɬɚɩ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɚɩɪɨɛɚɰɢɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ. Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɢ ɚɧɚ- ɥɢɡɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ; ɇɚ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɢɬ ɢɬɨɝɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɪɨ- ɢɡɨɲɟɞɲɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɨɬɧɨɫɢɬ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦɢ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɭɟɬ ɢ ɨɛɨɛɳɚɟɬ ɨɩɵɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɸ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ. ȼ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟɫɛɟɪɟɝɚɸɳɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɬɟɯ- ɧɨɥɨɝɢɸ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧ- ɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɢɝɪɨɜɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ. ɗɬɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɪɚɡ- ɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ, ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɜɧɟɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɜɵɲɚɸɬ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɬɢɩ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɦ ɢ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ, ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɹ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɜ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɩɪɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɰɚ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ- ɧɨɫɬɢ. Ʉɨɦɮɨɪɬɧɚɹ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɚ, ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɚɹ ɭɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɭ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɥɨɠɢ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɧɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ, ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɭɸɬ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɡɧɚ- ɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. ɍɱɟɧɢɤ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɭ, ɡɚɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɪɟɲɚɟɬ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ. Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɝɥɭɛɠɟ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɫɭɬɶ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɸɬ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɫɚɦɨɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ. ȼɧɟɞɪɹɹ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɸ, ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɭɱɢ- ɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɰɟɥɵɣ ɪɹɞ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ. Ʉ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦ, ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɦ ɧɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ- ɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ: ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɰɟɥɢ ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ- ɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ; ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɢ ɨɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ; ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ (ɲɤɨɥɵ) ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ; ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɫɧɚɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ; ɷɪɝɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɛ- ɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ.

44 ȼɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɢɬɟ- ɥɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ, ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɣ ɜɞɭɦɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ: ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɱɬɨ ɫɭɠɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɤɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɢɬɟ- ɥɟɣ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ. ɍɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɟ ɢɞɟɢ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɭɸ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɸ, ɧɟ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɢɜ ɟɟ. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɬɢɪɚɠɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ. ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɨ ɤ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨ- ɝɢɹɦ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɨɝɞɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɫɦɨɝɭ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ- ɜɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɫɢɥ. Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɨɬ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɨɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨ- ɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨ- ɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɩɪɨ- ɜɟɪɤɢ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɬ. ɞ. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɨɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɧɨ-ɭɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɩɪɨ- ɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɟ ɫ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ. Ⱦɨɥɠɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɝɪɭɩ- ɩɵ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ, ɬɢɩɚ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ- ɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬ. ɞ. Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɭɫɢ- ɥɢɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɟɝɨ ɩɨ- ɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ. ȼɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ, ɢɯ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ. ɇɭɠɧɨ ɱɟɬɤɨ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɦ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɦ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɟ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɨɬɬɨɪɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ. Ʉɚɠɞɚɹ ɧɨɜɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨ- ɥɨɝɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɧɨ ɜɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ- ɫɬɢ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ȼɭɞɚɧɨɜɚ, Ɉ. ȼ. ɉɭɬɟɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɤ ɧɨɜɨɦɭ ɫɬɚɧ- ɞɚɪɬɭ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ɉ. ȼ. Ȼɭɞɚɧɨɜɚ // Ɂɚɜɭɱ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ. – 2013. – ʋ 4. – ɋ. 3–24. 2. Ɂɚɯɚɪɨɜɚ, ɇ. ɂ. ȼɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɩɪɨ- ɰɟɫɫ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɇ. ɂ. Ɂɚɯɚɪɨɜɚ // ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ, 2008. – ʋ 1. – ɋ. 18–20.

45 3. ɉɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. Ƚ. ɋ. Ʉɨɜɚɥɟɜɨɣ, Ɉ. Ȼ. Ʌɨɝɢɧɨɜɨɣ. – Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 2010. 4. ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ / Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪ- ɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɊɎ. – Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ. – 2012. – 31 ɫ. 5. Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɷɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] ȼ ɞɜɭɯ ɬɨɦɚɯ. – Ɍɨɦ II. / ɝɥ. ɪɟɞ. ȼ. ȼ. Ⱦɚɜɵɞɨɜ. – Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɱɧɨɟ ɢɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ «ȻɈɅɖɒȺə ɊɈɋ- ɋɂɃɋɄȺə ɗɇɐɂɄɅɈɉȿȾɂə», 1999. 6. ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɟɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]. – Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: http://nsportal.ru/

ɍȾɄ 372.41 ɇ. Ʉ. Ʉɨɪɨɥɟɜɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɒɤɨɥɚ ʋ 35», ɉɨɥɵɫɚɟɜɫɤɢɣ ȽɈ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]

ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ – ɡɚɥɨɝ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ

ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɨɩɵɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤ- ɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ.

ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ, ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ, ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ, ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ.

N. K. Koroleva, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «Secondary School ʋ 35», the city of Polysaevo, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]

Productive reading as a key to successful teaching of primary school children

The article presents the experience in the formation of productive reading skills.

Productive reading, ability to learn, individual approach, interest in reading.

ȼ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɤɚɪɞɢɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ, ɤ ɟɝɨ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɢ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɚɦ.

46 ɇɟ ɫɟɤɪɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ ɭɩɪɟɤɚɸɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɶ- ɧɭɸ ɲɤɨɥɭ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ, ɩɟɪɟɲɟɞɲɢɟ ɜ 5 ɤɥɚɫɫ, ɩɥɨɯɨ ɜɥɚɞɟɸɬ ɧɚɜɵɤɚɦɢ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ. «ɉɨɱɟɦɭ ɞɟɬɢ ɧɟɨɯɨɬɧɨ ɢ ɦɚɥɨ ɱɢɬɚɸɬ, ɚ ɭɪɨɤɢ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɧɢɯ ɫɬɚ- ɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɫɤɭɱɧɵɦɢ?». ə ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɚ ɫ ɦɧɟɧɢɟɦ Ɇ. ɂ. Ɉɦɨɪɨɤɨɜɨɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ: 1) ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ – ɨɛɳɢɣ ɫɩɚɞ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɤ ɭɱɟɧɢɸ, ɨɛɢɥɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. 2) Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɬɶ ɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧ- ɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ, ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨ- ɜɚɧɢɹ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ [2, ɫ. 16]. Ƚɚɥɢɧɚ Ⱥɧɚɬɨɥɶɟɜɧɚ ɐɭɤɟɪɦɚɧ, ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɨɛɴ- ɹɫɧɹɟɬ ɷɬɨ ɬɚɤ: ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɞɟɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɫ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɬɟɤ- ɫɬɚɦɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɜɟɞɹ ɞɢɚɥɨɝ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɢɡ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɯ ɪɟɩɥɢɤ. Ⱥ ɜ ɨɫ- ɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɵ, ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɵɯ ɪɚɫɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɟɬɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɡɜɟɧɟ ɢ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɩɟɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ [1]. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɮɚɤɬ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɬ ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ. ɂɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɛɵɥɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ, ɪɟɛɹɬɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɭɦɟɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɜ ɨɛɵɞɟɧ- ɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɜɫɟ ɪɚɧɧɟɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɩɵɬ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ, ɭɦɟɬɶ ɞɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ. – ȼɚɦ ɧɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɥɚ ɜ ɝɨɥɨɜɭ ɦɵɫɥɶ, ɱɬɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɩɨɯɨɠ ɧɚ ɩɥɵɜɭɳɢɣ ɚɣɫɛɟɪɝ? – ɍ ɚɣɫɛɟɪɝɚ 1/8 ɱɚɫɬɶ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚɞ ɜɨɞɨɣ, ɚ ɜɨɬ 7/8 ɟɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɤɪɵɬɚ ɩɨɞ ɜɨɞɨɣ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɧɟ ɜɥɚɞɟɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚɜɵɤɚɦɢ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ, ɢɡ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɲɶ ɦɚɥɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɢɧ- ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ, ɤ ɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸ, ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɧɨɣ. ȼ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɦɢɪɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɭɦɟɬɶ ɱɢɬɚɬɶ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɟɪɟ- ɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ. ȼɚɠɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ, ɧɚ ɦɨɣ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨ- ɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ [3]. Ɉɧɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ, ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ, ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɞɨɥɸ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɬɪɢ ɷɬɚɩɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ. ɋɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɹ ɯɨɱɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜ- ɥɟɧɢɹ ɇɚɱɧɺɦ ɫ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. «ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨ- ɝɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɺɦɨɜ». ə ɫɱɢɬɚɸ, ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɛɟɝɥɨ, ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɧɨ. ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɧɚɞ ɷɬɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɂ. Ɍ. Ɏɟɞɨɪɟɧ- 47 ɤɨ ɢ ɇɢɤɨɥɚɹ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɢɱɚ Ɂɚɣɰɟɜɚ, ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ- ɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ. ɋɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ, ɩɟɪɟɯɨɠɭ ɤ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨ- ɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ- ɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɬɪɢ ɷɬɚɩɚ. I. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ɞɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ, ɨ ɱɟɦ ɩɨɣɞɟɬ ɪɟɱɶ, ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɸ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɡɚɞɚɸ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɫɸɠɟɬɚ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɦ ɧɚɞ ɩɨɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɦɫɹ ɫ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɱɢɬɚɬɶ. II. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ. ɍɱɭ ɪɟɛɹɬ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɩɨ ɯɨɞɭ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ. III. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ. ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɛɹɬɚɦ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɬɟɤ- ɫɬɨɦ ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɢ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɧɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɭɦɟɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ, ɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ, ɧɚ ɦɨɣ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ, ɞɥɹ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤ- ɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɧɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ – ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟ- ɧɢɹ. ȼɬɨɪɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɦɨɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ: «ɉɪɢɜɢɬɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɤ ɱɬɟ- ɧɢɸ». ɑɬɨɛɵ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɟɛɹɬ ɤɧɢɝɚɦɢ, ɩɪɢɜɢɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɢ ɥɸɛɨɜɶ ɤ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ ɧɚɞɨ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɢɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧ- ɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ. ɋɚɦɵɦ ɥɸɛɢɦɵɦ ɠɚɧɪɨɦ ɭ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɤɚɡɤɚ. ɋɤɚɡɨɱɧɵɟ ɝɟɪɨɢ ɭɡɧɚɜɚɟɦɵ ɜɨ ɜɫɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɨɩɵɬɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɢ ɧɚɪɨɞɨɜ. Ɍɪɟɬɶɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ – «Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɫɟɦɶɺɣ». Ɋɨɥɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɤ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ ɭ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ. ə ɫɨɜɟɬɭɸ ɪɨɞɢ- ɬɟɥɹɦ ɩɪɢɟɦ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɞɢɚɮɢɥɶɦɚ ɢ ɫɥɚɣɞɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸ ɩɚɦɹɬɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɞɟɬɶɦɢ ɞɨɦɚ. Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɪɚ- ɛɨɬɚ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɟɬ ɧɚɫ ɜ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɰɟɥɢ – ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ [4, 5, 6]. ɂ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ – «ɋɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɫɨɰɢɭɦɨɦ». Ɏɨɪ- ɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɜ ɬɟɚɬ- ɪɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɪɭɠɤɟ ɩɪɢ Ⱦɨɦɟ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ. ɉɪɢ ɡɚɭɱɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɨɥɟɣ ɞɟɬɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɭɸɬ ɫɜɨɸ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɭɸ ɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɛɟɡ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ. 48 Ȼɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɩɪɢɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɤ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ ɤɧɢɝ ɫɵɝɪɚɥɢ ɛɢɛɥɢɨ- ɬɟɱɧɵɟ ɭɪɨɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚɦɢ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ. Ɋɟɛɹɬɚ ɫ ɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɞɟɥɹɬɫɹ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɦɵɫɥɹɦɢ ɫ ɨɞɧɨ- ɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɡɧɚɥɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɥɢ – ɷɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɡɚ- ɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɸ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ. ȼɫɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨ- ɪɵɟ ɞɟɬɢ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɭɬ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ, ɫɵɝɪɚɸɬ ɫɜɨɸ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɨɜɵɯ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ, ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞ- ɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɢ ɫɞɚɱɟ ȽɂȺ ɢ ȿȽɗ. ɑɬɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɧɢɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɫɟ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɡɚɬɪɚɝɢ- ɜɚɸɬ ɜɫɟ ɟɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ: ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ, ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɪɵɧɨɤ ɬɪɭɞɚ, ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɢ- ɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɜɟɥɢɤɚ, ɱɟɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɧɚɱɢɬɚɧ- ɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɬɟɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɟɝɨ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɚ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɞɢɤɬɭɟɬ ɧɚɦ ɫɜɨɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ… ɇɚɞɟɸɫɶ, ɱɬɨ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɦɨɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ, ɫɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ, ɬ.ɤ. ɧɚ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɹ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸ ɜɫɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɪɟɛɹɬɚ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɥɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɚɦɢ ɛɟɝ- ɥɨɝɨ, ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ȼɟɡɪɭɤɢɯ, Ɇ. Ɇ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɜɵɤɚ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɭ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ɇ. Ɇ. Ȼɟɡɪɭɤɢɯ, Ɉ. ɘ. Ʉɪɟɳɟɧɤɨ // ɇɚɱɚɥɶ- ɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ. – 2010. – ʋ 5. – ɋ. 5–10. 2. ȼɚɫɢɥɶɟɜɚ, Ɇ. ɋ. Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɚɯ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. Ɇ. ɋ. ȼɚɫɢɥɶɟɜɨɣ, Ɇ. ɂ. Ɉɦɨɪɨɤɨ- ɜɨɣ, ɇ. ɇ. ɋɜɟɬɥɨɜɫɤɨɣ. – Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 1997. – 43 ɫ. 3. Ʉɭɤɭɲɢɧɚ, ȼ. ɋ. ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ȼ. ɋ. Ʉɭɤɭɲɢɧɚ. – Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ : ɂɄɐ «ɆɚɪɌ», 2004. – 336 ɫ. 4. Ɍɢɦɨɮɟɟɜɚ, ɂ. ɇ. ɑɬɨ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɜɚɲɟɦɭ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɭ ɨɬ ɝɨɞɚ ɞɨ ɞɟɫɹɬɢ: ɗɧ- ɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɨ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɭ ɞɟɬɫɤɢɦ ɱɬɟɧɢɟɦ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɂ. ɇ. Ɍɢɦɨɮɟɟɜɚ. – ɋɉɛ.: Ɋɨɫ. ɧɚɰ. ɛ-ɤɚ, 2000. – 512 ɫ. 5. Ɍɢɯɨɦɢɪɨɜɚ, ɂ. ɂ. Ⱦɟɬɫɤɚɹ ɤɧɢɝɚ ɜ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɟ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɂ. ɂ. Ɍɢɯɨɦɢɪɨɜɚ // Ɋɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɦɭ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ. – Ɇ.: ɒɤɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚ, 2008. – ɋ. 32–37. 6. Ɍɢɯɨɦɢɪɨɜɚ, ɂ. ɂ. Ɂɚ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɟ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɪɭɬɫɹ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɂ. ɂ. Ɍɢ- ɯɨɦɢɪɨɜɚ // Ɋɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɦɭ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ. – Ɇ.: ɒɤɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚ, 2008. – ɋ. 6–17.

49 ɍȾɄ 373.3 ɂ. Ⱥ. Ʉɭɪɬɨɜɚ, Ɍ. ȼ. Ʉɥɸɱɟɪɨɜɚ, ɆɄɈɈɍ «ɒɤɨɥɚ-ɢɧɬɟɪɧɚɬ ʋ 64», ɉɪɨɤɨɩɶɟɜɫɤɢɣ ȽɈ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɝɪɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ

ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɝɪɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɯ- ɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ.

ɉɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ, ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ, ɢɝɪɚ.

I. A. Kurtova, T. V. Klyucherova, Ɇunicipal State-Owned Recreational and Educational Institution «Boarding school ʋ 64», Prokopyevsk, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

Development of cognitive interest and activation of creative activity in primary school children through the use of gaming technologies in foreign language lessons

The article considers the necessity of application of game technologies as means of development of cognitive interest and activation of creative activity of pupils at lessons.

Cognitive interest, creative activity, game.

ȼ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɟ (ɎȽɈɋ) ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɥɢɱ- ɧɨɫɬɧɵɦ, ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɦ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ, ɜɤɥɸ- ɱɚɸɳɢɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɧɨ-ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ. ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɤ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɸ 4 ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬ- ɧɵɯ ɍɍȾ ɭ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ: «ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ», ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɚɹ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɢɯ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ. ɇɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨ- ɞɢɦɨ, ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɚ- ɳɢɯɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɭɪɨɤɨɜ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɧɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɵɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦɢ ɦɨɬɢ- ɜɚɦɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɹ.

50 Ⱦɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ: ɭɤɪɟɩɥɹɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɟ ɜɟɪɭ ɜ ɫɜɨɢ ɫɢɥɵ, ɩɨ- ɨɳɪɹɬɶ ɟɝɨ, ɧɟ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɹɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɧɟɞɨɜɟɪɢɟɦ, ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ- ɦɢ; ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɚ; ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɬɜɨɪ- ɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɢɥɵ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ. ȼ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ, ɩɨɜɵɲɚɸɬ ɚɜ- ɬɨɪɢɬɟɬ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɡɚ ɪɟ- ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɭɞɚ. ɗɬɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɬɟɯɧɨ- ɥɨɝɢɸ ɢɝɪɨɜɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ɂɝɪɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɪɟ- ɛɟɧɤɚ, ɢɦɟɟɬ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ, ɤɚɤɨɟ ɭ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɨɝɨ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚ, ɫɥɭɠɛɚ. ɂɝɪɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɟ ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɛɟɡɡɚɛɨɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɥɟɝɤɨɣ. Ⱥ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɞɟɥɟ ɨɧɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɭɦɚ, ɜɵɞɟɪɠɤɢ, ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚ (ɢɝɪɨɤɚ). ɂɝɪɚ – ɨɫɨɛɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ, ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɟɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɷɦɨ- ɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɥ. Ⱦɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɢɝɪɚ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ – ɭɜɥɟɤɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɟ. Ɉɧɚ ɩɨɫɢɥɶɧɚ ɞɚɠɟ ɫɥɚɛɵɦ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɫɥɚɛɵɣ ɩɨ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɜ ɢɝɪɟ: ɧɚɯɨɞɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɪɨɣ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɦɢ, ɱɟɦ ɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ. ɂɝɪɵ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɤɚɤ: ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɤ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɦɭ ɨɛɳɟ- ɧɢɸ; ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɬɨ- ɪɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɢ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ; ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɟ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɧɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ, ɱɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɨɣ ɤ ɫɢɬɭɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɩɨɧɬɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɱɢ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ. ɂɝɪɚ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɹɡɵɤɭ, ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɭ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɪɟ- ɱɟɜɵɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ. ȼ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɢɝɪɨɜɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɤɚɤ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ- ɫɬɢ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ: ɰɟɥɟɩɨɥɚɝɚɧɢɟ, ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɰɟɥɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɚɧɚ- ɥɢɡ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬ ɫɟɛɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɭɛɴ- ɟɤɬ. ȼ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɢɝɪɨɜɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ: ɚ) ɪɨɥɢ, ɜɡɹɬɵɟ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɹ ɢɝɪɚɸɳɢɦɢ; ɛ) ɢɝɪɨɜɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɪɨɥɟɣ; ɜ) ɢɝɪɨɜɨɟ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ, ɬ.ɟ. ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɣ ɢɝɪɨɜɵɦɢ, ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɦɢ; ɝ) ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɢɝɪɚɸɳɢɦɢ; ɞ) ɫɸɠɟɬ (ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ) – ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɨ- ɢɡɜɨɞɢɦɚɹ ɜ ɢɝɪɟ. ɂɝɪɚ – ɷɬɨ ɦɨɳɧɵɣ ɫɬɢɦɭɥ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɹɹ, ɫɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ; ɜ ɢɝɪɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ, ɨɧɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɧɨ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɬɶ ɷɦɨɰɢɨ- ɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ. ȼ ɢɝɪɚɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ 51 ɢ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨ. ɑɚɫɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ ɬɪɭɞɧɵɦ, ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢɝɪɵ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɭɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɢɝɪɵ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɜɵ- ɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɜɵɱɤɚ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɚɱɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ, ɦɵɫɥɢɬɶ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɪɚɡ- ɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ, ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦ. ɍɜɥɟɤɲɢɫɶ, ɞɟɬɢ ɧɟ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɭɱɚɬɫɹ: ɩɨɡɧɚɸɬ, ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɸɬ ɧɨɜɨɟ, ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɨɛɵɱɧɵɯ ɫɢ- ɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ, ɩɨɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɡɚɩɚɫ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ, ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ, ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬ ɮɚɧɬɚɡɢɸ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɝɪ: ɢɝɪɵ-ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ; ɢɝɪɵ-ɩɭɬɟɲɟɫɬɜɢɹ; ɫɸɠɟɬɧɚɹ (ɪɨɥɟɜɚɹ) ɢɝɪɚ; ɢɝɪɚ-ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ. ɂɝɪɵ-ɩɭɬɟɲɟɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɥɭɠɚɬ, ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ, ɰɟɥɹɦ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɢɹ, ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟ- ɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ. Ⱥɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɢɝɪɚɯ- ɩɭɬɟɲɟɫɬɜɢɹɯ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɫɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚɯ, ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɯ, ɨɬɜɟɬɚɯ. ɐɟɥɶ ɢɝ- ɪɵ-ɩɭɬɟɲɟɫɬɜɢɹ – ɭɫɢɥɢɬɶ ɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɟ, ɩɪɢɞɚɬɶ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɞɟɪ- ɠɚɧɢɸ ɱɭɬɶ-ɱɭɬɶ ɫɤɚɡɨɱɧɭɸ ɧɟɨɛɵɱɧɨɫɬɶ. ɂɝɪɚ-ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɜɫɟ ɜɵɲɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɝɪ ɢɥɢ ɢɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɢ- ɞɚ ɢɝɪɵ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɞɟɥɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ, ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ, ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɢɞɟɬ ɫɨ- ɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ. ɂɝɪɚ-ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɜ ɢɝɪɭ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɧɨ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɂɝɪɵ-ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ 10–15 ɦɢɧɭɬ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ. ɗɬɨ ɪɚɡɧɨ- ɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɜɢɤɬɨɪɢɧɵ, ɤɪɨɫɫɜɨɪɞɵ, ɪɟɛɭɫɵ, ɱɚɣɧɜɨɪɞɵ, ɲɚɪɚɞɵ, ɝɨɥɨɜɨ- ɥɨɦɤɢ, ɡɚɝɚɞɤɢ. Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɢɝɪ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ: ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɮɨɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ. Ɏɨɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɝɪɵ. ɐɟɥɢ: ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɪɬɢɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɨɪ- ɝɚɧɨɜ ɪɟɱɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɧɟɫɟɧɢɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɡɜɭɤɨɜ, ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɡɜɭɤɨɜ; ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶ ɭɱɚ- ɳɢɯɫɹ ɝɪɨɦɤɨ ɢ ɨɬɱɺɬɥɢɜɨ ɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ; ɪɚɡɭɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟ- ɧɢɹ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɢɯ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɪɨɥɹɦ. Ɉɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɝɪɵ. ɐɟɥɢ: ɭɩɪɚɠɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɫɥɨɜ. ɑɚɫɬɶ ɢɝɪ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɭ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɧɟ- ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɫɥɨɜ (ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫ- ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ). Ʌɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɝɪɵ. ɐɟɥɢ: ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɢ ɥɟɤ- ɫɢɤɢ ɜ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ, ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɤ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ; ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɨ- ɜɚɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɦɵɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ; ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɜɭɸ ɪɟɚɤ- ɰɢɸ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ; ɩɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɶ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɫ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɟɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɥɨɜ. Ƚɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɝɪɵ. ɐɟɥɢ: ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɸ ɪɟɱɟ- ɜɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɜ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɟ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ; ɫɨ- ɡɞɚɬɶ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ ɞɥɹ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡ- ɰɚ; ɪɚɡɜɢɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɜɭɸ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ. 52 Ɋɟɱɟɜɵɟ ɢɝɪɵ. ɐɟɥɢ: ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬ- ɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜɵɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɜ ɩɨɬɨɤɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ; ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɥɭɯɨɜɭɸ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ, ɫɥɭɯɨɜɭɸ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ, ɪɟɱɟɜɭɸ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɤɨɦ- ɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ; ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɭɦɟɧɢɸ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɬɶ ɦɵɫɥɢ ɜ ɢɯ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɝɪɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɧɟ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɫɹ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɦ ɹɡɵɤɨɦ «ɥɟɝɤɨ ɢ ɫɱɚɫɬɥɢɜɨ». Ʌɟɝɤɢɯ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɜ ɧɚɭɤɭ ɧɟɬ. ɇɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɬɨ- ɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɟɬɢ ɭɱɢɥɢɫɶ ɫ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɥɢ ɢ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɥɢ ɩɪɢɬɹɝɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨ- ɜɚɧɢɢ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɜ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɢ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɟɣ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ȼɚɥɢɧɚ, Ʌ. Ƚ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ʌ. Ƚ. Ȼɚɥɢɧɚ // ɇɚɭɱɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɠɭɪ- ɧɚɥ «Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɬ». – 2015. – ɋ. 31–35. 2. ȼɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɨ-ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɜ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɢ ɩɨɞɪɨɫɬ- ɤɨɜ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɭɱɟɛ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞ. ɜɵɫɲ. ɭɱɟɛ. ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ / Ƚ. ȼ. Ȼɭɪ- ɦɟɧɫɤɚɹ, ȿ. ɂ. Ɂɚɯɚɪɨɜɚ, Ɉ. Ⱥ. Ʉɚɪɚɛɚɧɨɜɚ ɢ ɞɪ. – Ɇ.: ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɐɟɧɬɪ «Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ», 2007. – 480 ɫ. 3. Ƚɥɚɞɢɥɢɧɚ, ɉ. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ» [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɉ. Ƚɥɚɞɢɥɢɧɚ // ɂɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɹɡɵɤɢ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ. – ʋ 3. – 2003.

ɍȾɄ 373.3 ȿ. Ȼ. Ʉɭɬɟɪɝɢɧɚ, O. ɂ. ȼɥɚɫɨɜɚ, ȿ. ɉ. Ʌɚɧɱɚɤɨɜɚ, Ɉ. ɂ. Ƚɚɜɪɢɥɟɧɤɨ, ȽɈɍ ȾɉɈ(ɉɄ)ɋ «Ʉɭɡɛɚɫɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ», ɝ. Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɨ E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; Mariinsk [email protected]

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ

ɋɬɚɬɶɹ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟ- ɧɢɸ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ- ɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ.

Ⱦɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ, ɦɨɧɢɬɨ- ɪɢɧɝ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ, ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɚɬɬɟɫɬɚɰɢɹ, ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚɦ ɨɰɟ- ɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ. 53 E. B. Kutergina, O. I. Vlasova, E. P. Lanchakova, O. I. Gavrilenko, State Educational Institution for Further Vocational Education (Professional Development) «Kuzbass Regional Institute for Professional Development and Retraining of Education Workers», Kemerovo E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

Teachers’ working system on training for student assessment

The article is devoted to the description of practical experience in achieving the expected results of learners’ mastering of the basic educational program. We discuss the case of the teacher’s working system for preparing to evaluation procedures in an educational institution.

Diagnostics of metasubject and personal results, monitoring, control, in- termediate assessment, training for evaluation procedures.

ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɚɡɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɎȽɈɋ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɢɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚ- ɬɚɯ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɈɈɉ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚ- ɰɢɢ. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ. Ɇɵ ɩɨɞɟɥɢɦɫɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɨɩɵɬɨɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ. ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɤ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɟ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɤɚɤ ȼɉɊ ɧɚɱɢɧɚ- ɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɞɨɥɝɨ ɞɨ 4 ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɬ.ɟ. ɫɢɫɬɟ- ɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ: «Ɇɨɣ ɜɵɛɨɪ», «Ɋɭɤɚɜɢɱɤɚ», «Ʉɬɨ ɩɪɚɜ?», «Ʉɬɨ ɹ? Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɹ?» ɢ ɬ.ɞ. Ɇɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɍɍȾ ɩɟɪɜɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɨɜ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɹ ɷɬɨ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɨɣ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɟ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɧɚɦ ɭɡɧɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɪɨ- ɜɟɧɶ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ ɢ ɍɍȾ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹ- ɧɢɟ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ. Ɍɚɤ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɪɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɢ ɦɨ- ɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚ- ɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɍɍȾ ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɬɪɚɞɶɸ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɎȽɈɋ ɇɈɈ. «ɒɤɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɪɬ» (ɚɜɬɨɪɵ Ɍ. ȼ. Ȼɟɝɥɨɜɚ, Ɇ. Ɋ. Ȼɢɬɹɧɨɜɚ), «ɍɱɢɦɫɹ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ» (ɚɜɬɨɪ Ɍ. ȼ. Ɇɟɪɤɭɥɨɜɚ). Ⱦɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ 3–4-ɣ ɧɟɞɟɥɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ (1 ɤɥɚɫɫ). ɗɬɨ ɤɪɚɫɨɱɧɚɹ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɬ-

54 ɪɚɞɶ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ Ⱥ4 ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɨɜ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɡɧɚɜɚɬɶ ɭɪɨ- ɜɟɧɶ ɫɬɚɪɬɨɜɨɣ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ. Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨ ɢɯ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɱɢɬɚɸɳɢɟ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɟɱɢɬɚɸɳɢɟ ɞɟɬɢ. Ʉ ɤɨɧɰɭ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ 1 ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ- ɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ. ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɫɨɫɟɞɚ ɩɨ ɩɚɪɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɜ 1-2 ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹɯ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɞɚɟɦ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɵɣ ɥɢɫɬ, ɝɞɟ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɫɚɦ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬ ɨɫɧɨɜ- ɧɵɟ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɟ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ, ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɭɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɧ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɥ ɛɟɡ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɬɨɜɚɪɢɳɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ. ɗɬɢ ɥɢɫɬɵ ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɟɦ ɜ ɩɨɪɬɮɨɥɢɨ. ɬ.ɤ. ɨɧɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɞɨɫɬɢɝ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ, ɭɦɟɟɬ ɥɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɟɛɹ, ɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɥɢ ɨɧ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɥ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɢ. [1;76] Ɍɟɤɭɳɚɹ ɚɬɬɟɫɬɚɰɢɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ 1-ɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ- ɫɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɛɟɡ ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɣ ɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɤɥɚɫɫɧɵɯ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɚɯ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɨɤ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ɭɠɟ ɜɟɞɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ. ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɤɥɚɫɫ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɭɸ ɚɬɬɟɫɬɚɰɢɸ. Ⱦɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢ- ɤɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɬɟɬɪɚɞɹɦɢ. Ɉɧɢ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ «Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ», ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɦ ɥɢɧɢɹɦ ɫ 1 ɩɨ 4 ɤɥɚɫɫ. ȼ ɧɢɯ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧ ɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɧ- ɬɪɨɥɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɨɫɬɚɜɲɢɣɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɥɟɬɚ ɢ ɜɫɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ: ɫɬɚɪɬɨɜɨɟ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ, ɬɟɤɭ- ɳɟɟ (ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ) ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ, ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɟ (ɢɬɨɝɨɜɨɟ) ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ. ȼ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɢ ɬɟɤɭɳɭɸ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɭ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟ- ɪɢɚɥ ɫ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɦ ɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ, ɬ.ɟ. ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ. Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɭɱɟɛɧɭɸ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧ- ɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ ɯɨɞɭ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ. Ɉɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɭɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɸ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ, ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɸ ɢɦɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ, ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɵɦɢ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ, ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɸ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ- ɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ. Ɏɨɪɦɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɦɟ- ɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɚɬɬɟɫɬɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ: ɡɚɱɟɬ, ɫɨɛɟɫɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɡɚɳɢɬɚ ɪɟɮɟɪɚɬɚ, ɡɚɳɢɬɚ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɢɬɨɝɨɜɚɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɢ ɞɪ. ɉɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɚɹ ɚɬɬɟɫɬɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɹɯ ɜ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɩɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɫɩɢɫɚɧɢɸ ɫ ɚɫɫɢɫɬɟɧɬɚɦɢ, ɚɫɫɢ- ɫɬɟɧɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɸɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɭɸɬ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ, ɩɢɲɭɬ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. Ƚɨɞɨɜɚɹ ɚɬɬɟ- ɫɬɚɰɢɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɨɟ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɝɨɞɨɜɵɟ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦ. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɬɟɫɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɭ ɧɚɞ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɫɨ 2 ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɦ Ɉ. Ʉɪɵɥɨɜɨɣ: «ɑɬɟɧɢɟ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ. ɎȽɈɋ» 55 Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɢ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ. ȼ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɟ «ɉɇɒ» ɢ «ɒɤɨɥɚ 21 ɜɟɤɚ» ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦ «Ɍɟɬɪɚɞɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ» ɩɨ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɟ ɢ «Ɍɟɬɪɚɞɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ» ɩɨ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɦɭ ɦɢɪɭ. Ɉɧɢ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɧɚɦ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɢ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɬɟɫɬɚ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɟ- ɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɨ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɚɦɢ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɢ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɮɨɪɦ ɧɟ ɹɜ- ɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ, ɬ.ɤ. ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɜɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚɦ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɞɟɬ ɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɥɢɦɩɢɚɞɧɵɯ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɪɨɜɟ- ɞɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ. Ʉɨɧ- ɤɭɪɫɧɨɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɭ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɢ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɫɢ- ɥɚɯ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɧɵɯ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɛɭɠɞɚɟɬ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ, ɩɨɜɵɲɚɹ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɢ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɧɨɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɥɢ- ɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟɦ ɮɨɪɦ (ɜɢɤɬɨɪɢɧɵ, ɨɥɢɦɩɢɚɞɵ, ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɚɪɚɮɨɧ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ). Ɋɟɛɹɬɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹ- ɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɦɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɢɦ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ. Ɇɵ ɧɟɞɨ- ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɦ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɵ. ɂɯ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɠɟɥɚɸɳɢɯ, ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɦɟɠɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɥɢɦɩɢɚɞɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɩɚɫɬɶ ɞɟɬɢ, ɩɨɛɟ- ɞɢɜɲɢɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɬɭɪɟ. ɍɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɨɜ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɪɟɛɹɬɚ ɢɡ ɫɟɦɟɣ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɭɪɨɜ- ɧɟɦ. ɍɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɫ ɈȼɁ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɨɜ, ɨɥɢɦɩɢɚɞ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. ȼɫɟ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫɬɟɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɪɬɮɨ- ɥɢɨ. ɉɨɪɬɮɨɥɢɨ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ (ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ- ɧɵɯ, ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ, ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ; ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɧɟɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ), ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɨɪɬɮɟɥɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɡɚ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɝɨɞɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɟ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɭɸ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɲɟ- ɧɢɟ ɨɛ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ. Ɉɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɫɫɧɵɣ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ ɧɟ ɨɬɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɧɨ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɡɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɲɤɨɥɭ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɝɨɞɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɨɬɦɟɬɨɤ ɜ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɟ. ɂ ɜɨɬ, ɧɚɤɨɧɟɰ, ɩɪɨɲɟɥ ɬɪɟɬɢɣ ɝɨɞ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɢ ɦɵ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɦ ɱɟɬɜɟɪ- ɬɵɣ ɝɨɞ ɫ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɨɣ ɤ ȼɉɊ. Ɇɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɫ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ 4 ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɤ ȼɉɊ: Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ. Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɩɨɧɹɥɢ, ɤɚɤ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɜɵɫɬɪɨɟɧɚ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɦɨɝɥɢ ɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ, ɜɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɜ ɞɢɚɥɨɝ ɢ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɚɬɶ ɫ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɦ. Ɇɵ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɨ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɋɆɋ, ɞɧɟɜɧɢɤ. 56 ɉɪɨɜɨɞɢɦ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ȼɉɊ. ɍɛɟɠɞɚɟɦ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɜ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɯ ɞɢɤɬɚɧɬɨɜ, ɜ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ, ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚ- ɧɢɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɍɍȾ ɬ.ɟ. ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɸ ɜ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɟ ɩɪɢɜɵɱɤɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɬɶ ɧɚɩɢ- ɫɚɧɧɨɟ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ, ɬ.ɤ. ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɱɚɳɟ ɭ ɧɚɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞ- ɦɟɬɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɚɦɢ. 1. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚɟɦ ɩɨ ɩɥɚɧɭ-ɝɪɚɮɢɤɭ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ. ɗɬɨ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɢ- ɪɭɟɬ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɫ ɧɢɡɤɢɦɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɝɨ ȼɉɊ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɫɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɟ ɫ ɐɟɧɬɪɨɦ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ. 2. ɉɪɨɜɨɞɢɦ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɫ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɤ ȼɉɊ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɬɢɩɨɜɵɟ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɚɬɬɟɫɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɦɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦ ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɟɣ ȿ. Ƚ Ʉɚɬɤɨɜɨɣ (ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɣ ɦɢɪ), ɂ. ȼ. ɓɟɝɥɨɜɨɣ (ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ), Ʌ. Ⱥ. ɂɥɹɲɟɧɤɨ (ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ). Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɭɟɦɫɹ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɪɬɚɥɟ. 3. Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɟ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ȼɉɊ. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɨɫɤɢ, ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ. Ɉɛɫɭɠɞɚɟɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ, ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ȼɉɊ [2, 43]. 4. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨɣ ȼɉɊ ɩɨ ɪɭɫ- ɫɤɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɟ, ɞɟɥɚɟɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɧɚɞ ɨɲɢɛɤɚɦɢ, ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ. Ɂɧɚɤɨɦɢɦ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɫ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ. ɉɨɤɚɡɵɜɚ- ɟɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ, ɤɚɤ ɨɧɨ ɛɭ- ɞɟɬ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ. ɉɨɧɢɦɚɹ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ, ɭɱɚɳɢɦɫɹ ɥɟɝɱɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɬɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ [2, 24]. 5. ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɦɟɬɨ- ɞɵ ɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ. Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɞɚɺɦ ɜ ɩɥɚɤɚɬɚɯ, ɤɚɪɬɚɯ, ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɹɯ, ɪɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɢɝɪɚɯ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɯ, ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɯ, ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹɯ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɫɜɚɢɜɚɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɢɞɺɬ ɢ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ, ɝɞɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɬ, ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɸɬ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɚ. 7. ɗɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɦ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ. 8. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ. Ɂɧɚɤɨɦɢɦɫɹ ɫ ɨɩɵɬɨɦ ɤɨɥɥɟɝ, ɢɯ ɢɞɟɹɦɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɦɢ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦ ɢɯ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ. Ⱦɥɹ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ-ɫɚɣɬɵ ɢ ɜɢɞɟɨ ɭɪɨɤɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, vpr.statgrad.org ɞɟɦɨɜɟɪɫɢɢ, ɝɞɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɪɚɡɛɨɪ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ. ɇɚɦ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɟɠɟɦɟɫɹɱɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɤ ȼɉɊ: ɫɚɣɬ «Ɋɟɲɭ ȼɉɊ» 57 http://rus4-vpr. sdamgia.ru; ɨɧɥɚɣɧ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɧɚ ɫɚɣɬɟ Onlline Test Pad ɢ 5 + ȼɉɊ 4 ɤɥɚɫɫ ɫ ɨɬɜɟɬɚɦɢ 2017 Ɍɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɧɥɚɣɧ. 9. Ɉɬɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɮɢɝɭɪɚɦɢ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɧɚ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɭɟɦɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɩɢ- ɫɚɧɢɢ ɞɢɤɬɚɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɧɚ ɫɚɣɬɟ 4ȼɉɊ https://4vpr.ru/4-klass/. ɋɚɣɬ «Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɫɬɵ» http://testedu.ru. ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɬ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦ ɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɟɬ «ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ- ɧɵɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ» ɡɧɚɧɢɹ. ȿɫɥɢ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɫɬɨɜ ɫ ɫɚɣɬɚ ɇɂɄɈ, ɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɜɢɞɟɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɸɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨ- ɝɪɚɦɦɟ, ɧɨ ɢ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɤɪɭɝɨɡɨɪ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ. Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ. ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚ- ɬɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɍɍȾ. Ʉɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɜɫɟ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟ- ɧɢɸ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɨɬ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɫɢɥ, ɧɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɧ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɵɦ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɦ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɬɶ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɫɩɟɯɚ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ⱥɫɦɨɥɨɜ, Ⱥ. Ƚ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] : ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ / Ⱥ. Ƚ. Ⱥɫɦɨɥɨɜ. – Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 2011. – 148 ɫ. 2. Ʉɨɜɚɥɺɜɚ, ɋ. Ƚ. Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶ- ɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] : ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ / ɋ. Ƚ. Ʉɨɜɚɥɺɜɚ, Ɉ. Ȼ. Ʌɨɝɢɧɨɜɚ. – Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 2010. – 213 ɫ.

ɍȾɄ 373.3 Ʌ. ɂ. Ʌɚɡɚɪɟɜɚ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɝ. Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɨ E-mail: [email protected]

Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨ-ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ

Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨ-ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚ- ɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɮɨɧɞɨɜ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ. Ɋɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɫɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨ- ɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫ- ɧɨɜɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ.

58 Ɍɟɫɬ, ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨ- ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ.

L. I. Lazareva, Kemerovo State Institute of Culture, the city of Kemerovo E-mail: [email protected]

Development of test materials to assess the formation of cognitive universal actions of learners on the basis of information culture

The author analyzes the definition of the concepts of test and assessment materials and test banks. The article reveals their content and provides examples of nor- mative-oriented tests to assess the level of formation of cognitive universal educational actions in students on the basis of information culture.

Test, cognitive universal educational actions, test and assessment materials.

Ʉ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɭ, ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɸɳɟɦɭ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚ- ɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ, ɨɬɧɨ- ɫɢɬɫɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɟ ɋ. Ɇ. ȼɢɲɧɹɤɨɜɨɣ «ɉɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨ- ɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ» ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɛɭɱɟ- ɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚ- ɰɢɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɬɪɚɠɺɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɯ, ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɧɚɯ, ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ. ȼ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ – ɷɬɨ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɣ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ- ɤɥɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ, ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ, ɭɞɨɛɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɩɨ- ɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ, ɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɢ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɢ ɨɛɭɱɟ- ɧɢɹ. Ʉ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɦ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɹɦ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ȽɈɋɌɭ 7.60-2003 «ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪ- ɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɨɦɭ ɢ ɢɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɦɭ ɞɟɥɭ. ɂɡɞɚɧɢɹ. Ɉɫ- ɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ. Ɍɟɪɦɢɧɵ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ» ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤ, ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨ- ɛɢɟ, ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ, ɛɭɤɜɚɪɶ, ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ, ɪɚɛɨɱɚɹ ɬɟɬɪɚɞɶ, ɫɚɦɨɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ, ɯɪɟɫɬɨɦɚɬɢɹ, ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɦ, ɡɚɞɚɱɧɢɤ, ɭɱɟɛɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ, ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬ. Ɉɫɨɛɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟ- ɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨ-ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚ- ɥɵ, ɮɨɧɞɵ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɞɨɫɬɢ- ɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɡɚɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ – ɷɬɨ ɩɥɚ-

59 ɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɦɵɟ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ, ɜɵɪɚ- ɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɚɤ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɭɦɟɧɢɹ, ɨɩɵɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨ- ɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. Ɋɟ- ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ: ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ, ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɝɨ, ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ (ɪɭɛɟɠɧɨɝɨ, ɩɨɷɬɚɩɧɨɝɨ) ɢ ɢɬɨ- ɝɨɜɨɝɨ. Ɍɟɤɭɳɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢɧ- ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɭɫɜɨɟ- ɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ. Ɍɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ. ɉɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɤɨɧ- ɬɪɨɥɶ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɬɚɩɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ. ɂɬɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ – ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɚɬɬɟɫɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɨ- ɡɞɚɺɬɫɹ ɮɨɧɞ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨ-ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ. Ɏɨɧɞ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ – ɷɬɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨ-ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚ- ɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ, ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ, ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧ- ɰɢɣ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ» [3]. Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨ-ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚ- ɥɵ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɢ ɢɦɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɭɦɟ- ɧɢɣ, ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɟ, ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɭ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɴ- ɟɤɬɭ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɛɚɧɤɚ ɄɂɆ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ: ɬɟɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ, ɬɢɩɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɧɟɫɬɚɧ- ɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ ɩɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɪɚɡ- ɞɟɥɭ (ɬɟɦɟ, ɦɨɞɭɥɸ, ɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɟ) ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ, ɢɧɧɨɜɚ- ɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɣ: ɤɟɣɫɵ, ɩɨɪɬɮɨɥɢɨ, ɫɰɟɧɚɪɢɢ ɞɟɥɨɜɵɯ ɢɝɪ, ɧɚɛɨɪɵ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ, ɨɩɪɨɫ- ɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɬ. ɩ.) [3]. ɋɪɟɞɢ ɧɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɬɟɫɬɵ ɤɚɤ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɫɬɚɧ- ɞɚɪɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ, ɩɪɨɱɧɨ ɜɨɲɟɞɲɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. Ɍɟɫɬ – ɷɬɨ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹ- ɳɢɣ ɢɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ, ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɩɪɨɜɟ- ɞɟɧɢɹ, ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ. Ɍɟɫɬɵ ɛɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ- ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ (ɡɚɤɪɵɬɵɦɢ) ɢ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ (ɨɬ- ɤɪɵɬɵɦɢ). ɇɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɫɬ – ɷɬɨ ɜɢɞ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɟɫɬɚ, ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɩɵɬɭɟɦɵɯ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɛɚɥɥɚɯ. ɋ ɢɯ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɰɢɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. 60 Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɫɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɭɸ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɢ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɵ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɬɟɫɬɵ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɬ ɞɥɹ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɭɦɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚɜɵɤɚ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɟɟ ɩɨɞ- ɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɦ [1]. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɧɚɦɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɫɬɵ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɟ ɫɨ- ɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, «ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɤ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ», ɪɚɡ- ɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɇ. ɂ. Ƚɟɧɞɢɧɨɣ «Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ» ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɯ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪ- ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ [2]. Ɉɫɨɛɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭ- ɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɤ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɭ. ɉɪɢɜɟɞɺɦ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ, ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨ- ɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɞ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ «Ɇɭɡɵɤɚ». ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɫ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɬɜɟɬɨɦ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ: Ɉɛɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɧɨɦɟɪ (ɛɭɤɜɭ) ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɚ

ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1 ɂɞɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɩɢɤɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦɢ 1. ɞɚ 2. ɧɟɬ Ⱥɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ

– ɷɬɨ ɩɢɤɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ 1. ɞɚ 2. ɧɟɬ

ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2 ɂɞɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ 1. ɩɢɤɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦɢ 2. ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ Ⱥɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɂɞɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ 1. ɧɨɬɚɦɢ 2. ɛɭɤɜɚɦɢ

61 ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 3 ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ 1. ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɣ 2. ɢɞɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ 3. ɢɤɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ 4. ɬɚɤɬɢɥɶɧɨɣ Ⱥɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ – ɧɨɬ, ɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɬɬɟɧɤɨɜ ɢ ɬ.ɩ., ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ 1. ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɣ 2. ɢɞɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ 3. ɢɤɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ 4. ɬɚɤɬɢɥɶɧɨɣ

ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɫ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɦ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɜɟɬɨɜ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ: Ɉɛɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɜɟɬɨɜ.

ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1 Ʉ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ 1. ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤ «Ɇɭɡɵɤɚ» 2. ɠɭɪɧɚɥ 3. ɷɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɹ 4. ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ 5. ɝɚɡɟɬɚ 6. ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ Ⱥɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ Ʉ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ 1. ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤ «Ɇɭɡɵɤɚ. 1 ɤɥɚɫɫ» 2. ɠɭɪɧɚɥ «Ɇɭɡɵɤɚ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ» 3. ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɷɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɹ 4. ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ 5. ɝɚɡɟɬɚ «Ɇɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɡɪɟɧɢɟ» 6. ɤɚɪɬɢɧɚ Ƚ. Ʉɥɢɦɬɚ «Ɇɭɡɵɤɚ»

ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2 Ʉ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ 1. ɤɧɢɝɚ 2. ɫɬɚɬɶɹ 3. ɤɢɧɨɮɢɥɶɦ 4. ɚɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ 5. ɛɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ 6. ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ 62 Ⱥɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ Ʉ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ 1. ɩɪɟɥɸɞɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɬɟɩɢɚɧɨ ɫɨɥɶ-ɦɢɧɨɪ ɋɟɪɝɟɹ Ɋɚɯɦɚɧɢɧɨɜɚ 2. ɫɬɚɬɶɹ ɉɪɨɰɟɧɤɨ ɇ. Ⱥ. «Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ» 3. ɤɢɧɨɮɢɥɶɦ «ɑɚɣɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ» 4. ɚɧɧɨɬɚɰɢɹ ɤ ɤɧɢɝɟ Ʉ. ɂɫɢɝɭɪɨ «ɇɨɤɬɸɪɧɵ. ɉɹɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɣ ɨ ɦɭɡɵɤɟ ɢ ɫɭɦɟɪɤɚɯ (ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ)» 5. ɛɢɛɥɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɤɧɢɝɢ Ʉ. Ȼɶɺɪɧɫɬɚɞɚ «ɉɢɚɧɢɫɬɵ» 6. ɤɪɚɬɤɢɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɚ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ: Ɉɛɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɧɨɦɟɪ (ɛɭɤɜɭ) ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɚ.

ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 1 Ʉ ɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ 1. ɧɨɦɟɪ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɚ 2. ɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɣ ɚɞɪɟɫ 3. ɞɚɬɚ ɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ 4. ɛɢɥɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɩɟɤɬɚɤɥɶ 5. ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ 6. ɦɟɫɬɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ Ⱥɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ Ʉ ɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ 1. ɧɨɦɟɪ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɚ 2. ɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɣ ɚɞɪɟɫ 3. ɞɚɬɚ ɪɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ 4. ɛɢɥɟɬ ɧɚ ɮɢɥɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɪɬ 5. ɩɚɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ 6. ɦɟɫɬɨ ɭɱɺɛɵ

ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬ 2 Ʉ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ 1. ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ 2. ɞɢɫɫɟɪɬɚɰɢɹ 3. ɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɟɪɚɬ 4. ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤ Ⱥɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ Ʉ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ 1. ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ Ʌɶɜɚ Ɇɚɡɟɥɹ «Ɉ ɦɟɥɨɞɢɢ» 2.ɞɢɫɫɟɪɬɚɰɢɹ Ɇ. Ɏɺɞɨɪɨɜɚ «Ⱦɢɪɢɠɺɪɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɹ ɦɭɡɵ- ɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ» 63 3. ɚɜɬɨɪɟɮɟɪɚɬ ɞɢɫɫɟɪɬɚɰɢɢ Ɉ. Ʉɨɦɚɪɧɢɰɤɨɣ «Ɋɭɫɫɤɚɹ ɨɩɟɪɚ XIX – ɧɚɱɚɥɚ XXI ɜɟɤɨɜ» 4. ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤ «Ɇɭɡɵɤɚ. 2. ɤɥɚɫɫ» ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɵɲɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɡɚɞɚ- ɧɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɧɢɜɟɪ- ɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶ- ɬɭɪɵ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɤɚɤ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱ- ɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɡɚɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɟ- ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ, ɤɚɤ ɜ ɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ⱥɜɚɧɟɫɨɜ ȼ. ɋ. Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɲɤɨɥ, ɥɢɰɟɟɜ, ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɜɭɡɨɜ ɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɞɠɟɣ. 2 ɢɡɞ., ɩɟɪɟ- ɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɟ ɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɧɨɟ / ȼ. ɋ. Ⱥɜɚɧɟɫɨɜ. – Ɇ. : ɐɟɧɬɪ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, 2005. – 156 ɫ. 2. Ƚɟɧɞɢɧɚ, ɇ. ɂ. ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɤ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɧɢɜɟɪ- ɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶ- ɬɭɪɵ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ / ɇ. ɂ. Ƚɟɧɞɢɧɚ, Ʌ. ɂ. Ʌɚɡɚɪɟɜɚ. – Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɨ: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɄɊɂɉɄɢɉɊɈ, 2017. – 327 ɫ. 3. Ʉɚɛɚɧɨɜɚ, Ɍ. Ⱥ. Ɍɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] : ɭɱɟɛ- ɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ / Ɍ. Ⱥ. Ʉɚɛɚɧɨɜɚ, ɇɨɜɢɤɨɜ ȼ. Ⱥ. – Ɇ. : ȼɵɫɲɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ, 2010. – 384 ɫ. 4. ɑɟɥɵɲɤɨɜɚ, Ɇ. Ȼ. Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɫɬɨɜ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ / Ɇ. Ȼ. ɑɟɥɵɲɤɨɜɚ. – Ɇ. : Ʌɨɝɨɫ, 2002. – 432 ɫ.

ɍȾɄ 373.3 ȿ. ɉ. Ʌɟɛɟɞɟɜɚ, ȽɈɍ ȾɉɈ(ɉɄ)ɋ «Ʉɭɡɛɚɫɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ», ɝ. Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɨ E-mail: [email protected]

ȼɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ: ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɵ

ɋɬɚɬɶɹ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɜɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɪɚ- ɛɨɬɵ ɜ Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɤɪɚɬɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɤ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɞɭ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ.

ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ, ɪɟ- ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.

64 E. P. Lebedeva, State Educational Institution for Further Vocational Education (Professional Development) «Kuzbass Regional Institute for Professional Development and Retraining of Education Workers», Kemerovo E-mail: [email protected]

All-Russian assessment test in the primary schools of Kemerovo Region: achievements and deficiencies

The article is devoted to the analysis of the results of the all-Russian assessment tests in Kemerovo region. The author proposes brief guidelines for training primary school children for this type of assessment.

Principles of the procedures and mechanisms of assessment, evaluation criteria, the results of assessment test.

ȼɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ (ȼɉɊ) ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨ- ɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɎȽɈɋ ɇɈɈ). Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ, ɚ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ȼɉɊ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɜɵɹɜ- ɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɰɢɮɪ: ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɛɚɥɥɨɜ ɢ ɞɪ., ɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɤɢɯ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɪɨɫɬɚ, ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɨɜ, ɬɪɟ- ɛɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɢɰɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢ- ɤɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ȼɉɊ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨ ɜɡɝɥɹɧɭɬɶ ɧɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ: ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟ- ɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦ – ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ, ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɟ, ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɦɭ ɦɢɪɭ, ɧɨ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ- ɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ – ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ, ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɵɟ, ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ, ɜɚɠɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ȼɉɊ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɬɨɝɨ- ɜɨɣ ɚɬɬɟɫɬɚɰɢɟɣ, ɬ.ɟ. ɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɵɦ ɷɤɡɚɦɟɧɨɦ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚ- ɬɵ ȼɉɊ ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚ- ɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ, ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɧɟ ɜɵɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɥɚɫɫ- ɧɵɣ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ ɢ ɧɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɭ ɡɚ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɝɨɞ.

65 Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ȼɉɊ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ, ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ. ɉɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɢ ɦɟɯɚ- ɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ: ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ, ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭ. ɗɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɩɨ- ɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɨɥ- ɠɟɧ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ, ɚ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɭɪɨɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ; ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɤɪɢ- ɬɟɪɢɹɦɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɦ ɰɟɥɹɦ. ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɟɝɨ ɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ. ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɨ, ɱɟɦɭ ɭɱɚɬ. ɉɪɟɠɞɟ, ɱɟɦ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɭ ɡɚ ɤɚɤɨɟ-ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨɟ ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɟ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ; ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɜɵɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɢɡ- ɜɟɫɬɧɵ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚɦ, ɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɫɹ. Ɉɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɢɦɢ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ; ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɱɚɳɢɟ- ɫɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨ-ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɹ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɜɵɱɤɭ ɤ ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɟ; ɪɚɡɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ; ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɨɪɦ ɢ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ. Ⱦɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ, ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɯ ɜ ȼɉɊ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɬ- ɤɪɵɬɨɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɟ ɧɚ ɫɚɣɬɟ vpr.statgrad.org; ɩɪɢɡɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɲɢɛɤɭ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɜ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɨɦ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɧɨɪɦ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɪ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ, ɩɟɪɜɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ – ɷɬɨ ɞɢɤɬɚɧɬ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɨ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤɟ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɞɢɤɬɚɧɬ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ. ɉɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɢɤɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ: 88 % ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɸɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨ- ɜɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ (ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɍɍȾ), ɬ.ɟ. ɞɢɤɬɚɧɬ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ. 89 % ɛɟɡ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɪɚɫ- ɩɨɡɧɚɸɬ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɱɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ (ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɍɍȾ). ȼɬɨɪɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɭ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɜɥɚɞɟ- ɧɢɹ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɦ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɹɡɵɤɨɦ. 85 % ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɩɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɪɮɨɷɩɢ-

66 ɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɧɨɪɦɭ (ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɍɍȾ). ɏɨɱɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɩɨ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦ ȼɉɊ ɩɨ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɹ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ: ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɭɸ ɦɵɫɥɶ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɜ ɩɢɫɶ- ɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ, ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɹ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɥɨɜɨɭɩɨ- ɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ; ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɬɟɦɭ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ (ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɍɍȾ) ɫɦɨɝɥɢ ɩɪɨ- ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ 48 % ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ; ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɭɸ ɦɵɫɥɶ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɜ ɩɢɫɶ- ɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ, ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɹ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɥɨɜɨɭɩɨ- ɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ; ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɬɟɦɭ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ (ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɍɍȾ) – 42 %; ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɭɸ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ ɞɥɹ ɚɞɟɤ- ɜɚɬɧɨɣ ɟɺ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɬɶ ɟɺ, ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚ- ɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɩɭɧɤɬɭɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɧɨɪɦɵ (ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ, ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɍɍȾ) ɩɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɥɢɲɶ 40 % ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢ- ɤɨɜ Ʉɭɡɛɚɫɫɚ. ȼɫɟ ɜɵɲɟɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɚɧ- ɧɵɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ. ȼɉɊ ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɭ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ, ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɱɟɬɜɟ- ɪɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɚɫɫɭɠɞɚɬɶ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ. 94 % ɧɚɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɫ- ɧɵɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɜ ɭɦɟɧɢɹɯ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɚɪɢɮɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫ ɱɢɫɥɚɦɢ ɢ ɱɢɫɥɨɜɵɦɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ (ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɍɍȾ) ɢ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɬɶ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɟ ɪɚɫ- ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ (ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɍɍȾ), 90 % ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ – ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɦɢ, ɫɯɟɦɚɦɢ, ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚɦɢ, ɞɢɚ- ɝɪɚɦɦɚɦɢ, ɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɧɟɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɝɨɬɨɜɵɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ (ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɍɍȾ). Ɂɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɨ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦ, ɤɚɤ: ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɬɶ ɩɟɪɢɦɟɬɪ ɬɪɟɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ, ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɚ, ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɚ (ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɍɍȾ) (ɫɩɪɚɜɢɥɢɫɶ 48 % ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ); ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɢɝɭɪ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹɦɢ (ɨɬ- ɪɟɡɨɤ, ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬ, ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤ) ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɥɢɧɟɣɤɢ, ɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ (ɪɟɝɭɥɹ- ɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɍɍȾ) – 44 %; ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɦɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ, ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɜ 3–4 ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɧɟɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ (ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ- ɧɵɟ ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɍɍȾ) (ɫɩɪɚɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɥɢɲɶ 20 % ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ). ȼɉɊ ɩɨ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɦɭ ɦɢɪɭ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ, ɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ- ɧɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦ, ɬɚɤɢɦ ɤɚɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɝɟɨ-

67 ɝɪɚɮɢɢ, ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ. Ʉɭɡɛɚɫɫɤɢɟ ɜɵɩɭɫɤ- ɧɢɤɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɩɨɪɚɞɨɜɚɥɢ ɧɚɫ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ: ɛɨɥɟɟ 90% ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɜɚɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɤ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɫɜɨɟɣ ɫɟɦɶɟ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɟɺ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ (ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɍɍȾ); ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ, ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ, ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ, ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɪɨɞɨɜɢɞɨɜɵɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɨ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ (ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ, ɬɟɯ- ɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɞɪ.) (ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɍɍȾ). Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɵ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɹ. Ɇɟɧɟɟ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɭɦɟɸɬ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɟɣɲɢɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɠɢɜɨɣ ɢ ɧɟɠɢɜɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɣ, ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɜ ɠɢɜɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ (ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɍɍȾ); ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɧɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɟ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɹ ɞɨɫɬɨɩɪɢɦɟɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ- ɫɬɢ ɫɬɨɥɢɰɵ ɢ ɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ (ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɍɍȾ); ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɤ- ɬɵ, ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ, ɜɵɞɟɥɹɹ 2–3 ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚ; ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɨɩɵɬɵ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɟɣɲɟɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ; ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ (ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɍɍȾ) [1]. ȼɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɬ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɫɩɥɚɧɢɪɨ- ɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɜɵɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɦ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɦ. ɋɨɫɬɚɜ- ɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɦ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɝɨɞɚ ɩɥɚɧ-ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɩɨɦɨɠɟɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɭɱɟɫɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɨɛ- ɳɟɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɫɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɢ ɫɪɨɤɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɚɬɶ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɟ. Ɉɛɫɭɠɞɚɹ ɫ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɣɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟ- ɪɢɚɥ, ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɚɤɰɟɧɬɵ ɧɚ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɢɦ ɭɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɢɡɭɱɢɬɶ ɢ ɱɬɨ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɭɠɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɧɢɦɢ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɰɟɥɢ. ɉɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶ- ɬɚɬɨɜ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ, ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ: ɩɥɚɤɚɬɵ, ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ, ɪɨɥɟɜɵɟ ɢɝɪɵ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ, ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɞɚ- ɱɢ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɫɜɚɢɜɚɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɭɱɟ- ɧɢɤɚɦ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ. ɍɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɫɤɭɱɧɵɦ, ɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢ- ɦɟɬ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɧɚ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢ- ɦɟɪ, ɧɚ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɚɣɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ. Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɥɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɚ- ɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɢ ɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ: ɝɨɬɨɜɢɥɢ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ ɢ ɩɪɟ- ɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ, ɨɛɭɱɚɥɢ, ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɥɢ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɥɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɚ. 68 ɇɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹ- ɦɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ȼɉɊ ɢ ɪɚɡɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ, ɤɚɤ ɨɧɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ. ɉɨɧɢɦɚɹ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ, ɭɱɚɳɢɦɫɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɥɟɝɱɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɬɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ. ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɥɸɛɨɦɭ ɭɱɚɳɟɦɭɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɨɩɢɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɟɛɹ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɭɱɟɛɵ. ɏɨɪɨɲɢɣ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɡɚɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɢɫɤɪɟɧɧɟ ɯɜɚɥɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ ɡɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɟ ɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ. ȼɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɤ ȼɉɊ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ, ɪɚɜɧɨɩɪɚɜɧɵɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ, ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɛɟɫɩɨɤɨɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɢ ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɛɟɪɭɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɢɯ ɭɫɩɟɯ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɭɞɚ- ɱɭ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɨɦɚ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɣ ɲɤɨɥɶ- ɧɢɤ ɦɨɝ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɶ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧ- ɧɨɟ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ, ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢ- ɞɭɚɥɶɧɨ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɦɵ ɬɪɟɧɢɧɝɢ ɧɚ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɛɪɚ- ɧɢɹɯ, ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ «ɟɞɢɧɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɢɤɚɦɢ». Ⱦɥɹ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɣ ɭɱɟɛɵ, ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɤ ȼɉɊ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɭɸ ɥɢɬɟɪɚ- ɬɭɪɭ, ɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ: Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨ-ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɩɨ «Ɋɭɫɫɤɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ», «Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɟ», «Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦɭ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ» ɢ «Ɉɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɦɭ ɦɢɪɭ» (ɂɡ-ɜɨ: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ», 1–4 ɤɥɚɫɫ). ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɵɟ, ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɱɧɵɟ, ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɞɢɤɬɚɧɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɦɨɝɭɬ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɭɱɟ- ɧɢɤɨɜ. ȼɫɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɎȽɈɋ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ. ɄɂɆ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ. (ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ: ɗɤɡɚɦɟɧ, 1–4 ɤɥɚɫɫ ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɟɣ Ʉɪɵɥɨɜɨɣ Ɉ. ɇ., Ɋɭɞɧɢɰɤɨɣ ȼ. ɇ., ɒɭɛɢɧɨɣ Ƚ. ȼ, Ɍɢɯɨɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ȿ. Ɇ.) Ɍɟɬɪɚɞɢ «ɑɬɨ ɹ ɡɧɚɸ. ɑɬɨ ɹ ɭɦɟɸ» («ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɞɨɦ «Ɏɺɞɨ- ɪɨɜ»). Ɍɟɬɪɚɞɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟ- ɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ, ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟ- ɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ. ȿɺ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ, ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɟ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɬɟɬɪɚɞɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɞɜɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɪɚɛɨɬ. Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɬɪɚɞɶ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨ- ɬɵ ɩɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ Ʌ. ȼ. Ɂɚɧɤɨɜɚ, ɧɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ- ɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɍɆɄ. ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤɢ «Ɇɨɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ. ɂɬɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ 1-4 ɤɥɚɫɫ» Ɉ. Ȼ. Ʌɨɝɢɧɨɜɨɣ, ɋ. Ƚ. əɤɨɜɥɟɜɨɣ. ȼ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ 4 ɜɚɪɢɚɧ- ɬɚ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ

69 ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ. ɂɬɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɦ- ɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ, ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ, ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɢ ɜɵ- ɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɟ, ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ, ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦɭ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɦɭ ɦɢɪɭ. ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ «ɂɬɨɝɨɜɚɹ ɚɬɬɟɫɬɚɰɢɹ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ. Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ» ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. Ƚ. ɋ. Ʉɨɜɚɥɺɜɨɣ. ɉɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɡɚ- ɞɚɧɢɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ, ɩɨɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ, ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɍɍȾ. ɋɟɣɱɚɫ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɹ: ɬɟɬɪɚɞɢ «Ƚɨɬɨɜɢɦɫɹ ɤ ȼɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ» (ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɟɣ Ƚ. ɋ. Ʉɨɜɚɥɺɜɨɣ, Ɇ. ɂ. Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜɨɣ, Ɉ. Ⱥ. Ɋɵɞɡɟ, Ʉ. Ⱥ. Ʉɪɚɫɧɹɧ- ɫɤɨɣ, Ɇ. ɘ. Ⱦɟɦɢɞɨɜɨɣ) ɩɨ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ, ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɟ (ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɱɚɫɬɹɯ) ɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɦɭ ɦɢɪɭ; ɬɟɬɪɚɞɢ «ȼɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ» (ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɟɣ Ʌ. ɘ. Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɚɪɨɜɨɣ, ɇ. Ⱥ. ɋɨɩɪɭɧɨɜɨɣ, Ⱦ. ɗ. ɒɧɨɥɶ, ȿ. Ɇ. ɋɨɪɨɱɚɧ, Ⱥ. ȼ. Ɂɚɛɟɥɢɧɚ, ɂ. ȼ. əɳɟɧɤɨ); ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 2015 ɝ. (ɞɥɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɬɟɬɪɚɞɟɣ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɨ- ɫɨɛɢɣ ɩɨ ȼɉɊ); ɬɟɬɪɚɞɶ «50 ɲɚɝɨɜ ɤ ɭɫɩɟɯɭ. 4 ɤɥɚɫɫ» ɩɨ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ, ɦɚɬɟɦɚ- ɬɢɤɟ ɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɦɭ ɦɢɪɭ (Ʉɨɪɦɢɲɢɧɚ ɋ. ɇ., ɂɜɚɧɨɜɚ ɇ. Ⱥ., Ʉɚɹɫɨɜɚ Ɍ. Ⱥ., ɋɚɦɵɤɢɧɚ ɋ. ȼ. ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ: Ⱦɨɦ Ɏɟɞɨɪɨɜɚ, 2016 ɝ.) ɉɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɵ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ- ɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɭɤɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɬ ɤ ɥɸɛɨɦɭ ɍɆɄ ɩɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɶ- ɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ. ȼɫɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɎȽɈɋ ɇɈɈ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɉɪɢɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɨɞɜɨɞɹ ɢɬɨɝ, ɯɨɬɟɥɨɫɶ ɛɵ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ, ɧɨ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɢ ɢɯ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ȼɉɊ ɩɨɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ, ɤɚɤɢɟ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣ- ɲɟɦ ɧɚɞɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɤɚɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɟɥɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɹɬɶ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɥɭ- ɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɫɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɢ ɧɚɰɟ- ɥɢɬɶ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɭɱɟɛɟ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ (ɩɨ ɢɬɨɝɚɦ ɨɰɟɧɨɱ- ɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ 2017–2018 ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦ ɝɨɞɭ) [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ɍ. Ⱦ. ɏɭɞɨɢɟɜɚ; ɩɨɞ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɟɣ Ɉ. Ⱥ. ɒɢɬɨɜɨɣ. – Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɨ: Ƚɍ ɈɐɆɄɈ, 2018. – 151 ɫ.

70 ɍȾɄ 373.3 Ʉ. ɇ. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɟɧɤɨ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «Ʌɢɰɟɣ ʋ 1», Ʉɢɫɟɥɟɜɫɤɢɣ ȽɈ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]

Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɎȽɈɋ ɇɈɈ (ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ)

ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧ- ɞɚɪɬɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚ- ɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɭɪɨɤɨɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ.

Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɶ- ɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɎȽɈɋ ɇɈɈ), ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɣ ɦɢɪ, ɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɎȽɈɋ, ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

K. N. Maksimenko, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «Lyceum ʋ 1», the city of Kiselevsk, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]

Topical issues of teaching subjects in primary school under the conditions of implementation of Federal Standard for Primary General Education (elements of the research work at the lessons of the World Around Us)

The paper considers the changes in the educational process in connection with the implementation of the Federal Standard for Primary General Education, as well as a case of the development of learners’ research skills in the framework of the World Around Us subject.

Federal Standard for Primary General Education, research activities, the World Around Us, didactic requirements of the Standard, information technology, educational research.

ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɫ- ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɭɪɨɤɨɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ.

71 Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɎȽɈɋ ɇɈɈ), ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ- ɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɣ ɦɢɪ, ɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɎȽɈɋ, ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɦɩ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɧɟ ɞɚɟɬ ɫɬɨɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɧɢ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɡɚɬɪɨɧɭɥɨ ɜɫɟ ɭɝɨɥɤɢ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫ- ɥɟ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɇɟ ɬɚɤ ɞɚɜɧɨ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɎȽɈɋ ɇɈɈ ɩɟɪɟɜɟɪ- ɧɭɥ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɚɥ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɪɬ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ. ɇɨ ɜɫɟ ɠɟ, ɧɟ ɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɦɧɨɝɨɝɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɪɹɞ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ, ɨɩɢɪɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɢɡɭɱɢɬɶ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪ- ɬɵ ɢ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ ɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ ɫɭɬɶ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɪɨ- ɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ. Ƚɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɢɞɟɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ – ɷɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɧɟɨɛ- ɯɨɞɢɦɵɦɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɱɢɜɵɦɢ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɚɦɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ: – ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦɢ; – ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɤ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ - ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ- ɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ; – ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɧɨ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜ- ɧɨɣ ɜɧɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɜɚɠɧɵɟ ɜɨ- ɩɪɨɫɵ: – Ʉɚɤ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɫɹ ɫɬɢɥɶ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɤ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɦ ɎȽɈɋ ɇɈɈ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɭɪɨɤɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɭɱɢ- ɬɟɥɟɦ? – ȼ ɱɟɦ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɭɪɨɤɨɜ ɞɨ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɎȽɈɋ ɇɈɈ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ? – Ʉɚɤ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɨɨɬ- ɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɎȽɈɋ ɇɈɈ? ɗɬɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɦɭ ɦɢɪɭ. ȼ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɫɬɢɥɟ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ ɹɜɥɹɥɫɹ ɩɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɨɦ. ȿɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɎȽɈɋ ɇɈɈ, ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ, ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɚɤɰɟɧɬ ɧɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ. ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɜɫɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɦɚɧɟɪɚ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɤɚɪɞɢɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɦɟɧɹɥɢɫɶ. ɍɱɟɧɢɤ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɧ- ɬɪɨɦ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ, ɢ ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɭ ɩɪɟɞɨ- ɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɟɛɹ ɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɠɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɦɢ 72 ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɦ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɛɵɥɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. ɇɚɲ ɥɢ- ɰɟɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɥ ɤɥɚɫɫɵ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɞɨɫɤɚɦɢ, ɱɬɨ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɧɨɜɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɥɟɝɱɟ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɟɟ, ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ. ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɥɚɧɨɦ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ- ɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɭɬɛɭɤɢ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɬɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɞɚ- ɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ, ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɭɦɨɤ ɎȽɈɋ ɇɈɈ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɞɟ- ɥɚɬɶ ɭɪɨɤɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨ ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɧɵɦɢ, ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɵɦɢ, ɭɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ. ȼ ɎȽɈɋ ɇɈɈ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɞɟ- ɬɟɣ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɚɤɰɟɧɬ ɞɟɥɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɧɨ ɩɢɫɚɥ ɨɛ ɷɬɨɦ ɐɢɬɚɞɟɥɶ – «ɇɟ ɫɧɚɛɠɚɣɬɟ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɝɨɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦɢ, ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ – ɩɭɫɬɨɬɚ, ɨɛɨɝɚɬɢɬɟ ɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɚɦɢ ɢ ɤɚɪ- ɬɢɧɤɚɦɢ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɢɞɧɵ ɫɜɹɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɧɢɬɢ. ɇɟ ɨɬɹɝɨɳɚɣɬɟ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɦɟɪɬ- ɜɵɦ ɝɪɭɡɨɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɜ, ɨɛɭɱɢɬɟ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɟɦɚɦ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɦ ɩɨɫɬɢɝɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɨɟ. ɇɟ ɫɭɞɢɬɟ ɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɩɨ ɥɟɝɤɨɫɬɢ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ. ɍɫɩɟɲ- ɧɟɟ ɢ ɞɚɥɶɲɟ ɢɞɟɬ ɬɨɬ, ɤɬɨ ɦɭɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɜɚɟɬ ɫɟɛɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɹ. Ʌɸɛɨɜɶ ɤ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɸ - ɜɨɬ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɦɟɪɢɥɨ». ɉɟɪɟɞ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɦ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɜɚɠɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ. ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɛɚ- ɡɨɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɨɛɹɡɚɧ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɪɚɛɨ- ɬɵ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɫɟɛɹ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚ- ɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɚɦɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɨɬ- ɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɫɜɨɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨ- ɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɚɞ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɣ ɦɢɪ. ɍ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɢ ɧɚɭɱ- ɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɡɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɢɯ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ; ɫɨ- ɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ. Ɂɧɚɧɢɹ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ, ɢɦɟɸɬ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɢ ɬɟɫɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɶɸ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɦɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢ- ɬɢɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɭ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɟ- ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ: 73 ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɩɥɚɧ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɟɣ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ; ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɦɢ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ ɢɥɢ ɩɚɪɚɯ; ɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɧɭɸ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɭɸ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɦɟɛɟɥɢ; ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɢ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ ɤ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɬɶ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢɡ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ (ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ, ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟ- ɤɢ ɢ ɞɪ.). ɉɪɢɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɬɶ ɜ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɦ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚ- ɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɨɩɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨ-ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧ- ɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ, ɤɚɤ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɟ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ, ɜɪɨɠɞɟɧɧɚɹ ɥɸɛɨ- ɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɢɦɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɜɵɤɭ, ɞɚɥɟɟ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɩɨɷɬɚɩɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚɞ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ- ɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ, ɢ ɤɚɤ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɸɳɢɣ ɷɬɚɩ – ɩɭɛ- ɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɨɦ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ – ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɨɣ, ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɧɵɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟ- ɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɢɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚ- ɬɨɜ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨ- ɫɬɟɣ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ – ɷɬɨ ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɞɟɣ- ɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ: ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɪɚɛɨ- ɬɵ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ, ɜɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɜ, ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ, ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ, ɢ ɤɚɤ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ – ɩɨɞɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɬɨɝɨɜ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɦ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚɦ ɩɪɨɣɬɢ ɩɭɬɶ ɭɱɟɧɨɝɨ ɨɬ ɜɵɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɵ, ɞɨ ɟɟ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɨɩɪɨɜɟɪɠɟɧɢɹ, ɨɬ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɬɟɦɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨ ɩɪɟɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ, ɱɬɨ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɦɭ ɦɢɪɭ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɭɞɨɛɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨ- ɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ. ȼ ɩɥɚɧ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɤɚ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ- ɚɥɚ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɭɸ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɭ.

74 Ɋɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɣ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɭɪɨɤɨɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɨɪ- ɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɤ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢ- ɜɚɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. ɋɚɜɟɧɤɨɜ, Ⱥ. ɂ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶ- ɧɢɤɨɜ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ⱥ. ɂ. ɋɚɜɟɧɤɨɜ. – ɋɚɦɚɪɚ; ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɞɨɦ «Ɏɺɞɨɪɨɜ», 2010. – 192 ɫ. 2. Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]. – Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 2011. 3. Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɨɬ 29 ɞɟɤɚɛɪɹ 2012 ɝ. ʋ 273-ɎɁ «Ɉɛ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ» [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ] / Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: https://kubstu.ru/data/struct/0547/1-2.pdf. 4. Ⱥɧɬɭɚɧ ɞɟ ɋɟɧɬ-ɗɤɡɸɩɟɪɢ. ɐɢɬɚɞɟɥɶ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ɇ. Ʉɨɠɟɜɧɢɤɨɜɚ – ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞ ɧɚ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ. – ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɈɈɈ «ɗ», 2018. – 189 ɫ. 5. ɋɟɦɟɧɨɜɚ, ɇ. Ⱥ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɇ. Ⱥ. ɋɟɦɟɧɨɜɚ // ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ. – 2006. – ʋ 2. – ɋ. 45–49. 6. Ɉɩɵɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: «Ɇɚ- ɥɚɹ Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ ɧɚɭɤ» / ɚɜɬ.-ɫɨɫɬ. Ƚ. ɂ. Ɉɫɢɩɨɜɚ. – ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞ: ɍɱɢɬɟɥɶ, 2007.

ɍȾɄ 372.41 Ɉ. ȼ. ɉɨɩɨɜɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 44», ɉɨɥɵɫɚɟɜɫɤɢɣ ȽɈ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]

ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ «Ɉɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɣ ɦɢɪ» ɤɚɤ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ

ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɩɨ ɢɯ ɜɟ- ɞɭɳɟɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɭ «Ɉɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɣ ɦɢɪ» ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ.

ɉɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ, ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɧ- ɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪ.

75 O. V. Popova, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «General Education School ʋ 44», the city of Polysaevo, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected] The use of interactive methods in studying the subject World Around Us as a way to increase the cognitive activity of younger pupils

This article is focused on the increase of cognitive activity based on the system of interactive methods according to their leading function in pedagogical interaction regarding the subject World Around Us in accordance with the age peculiarities of primary school children.

Cognitive activity, interactive teaching methods, construction kit.

ɀɢɜɨɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɟ… ȿɝɨ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ. ɀɢɜɨɟ ɡɧɚ- ɧɢɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɪɚɫɬɢɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɚɦ, ɚ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ, ɩɨɞɛɢɪɚɹ ɢ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɭɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ- ɫɬɢ. Ɂɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɫɹ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɢɤɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ. Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɷɬɨ ɥɸɛɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ, ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɸɳɢɣ ɦɢɪ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤ. ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜ XX ɜɟɤɟ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɚɞɚɥɚ ɭ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ 13–15 ɥɟɬ, ɚ ɫ ɤɨɧɰɚ XX ɜɟɤɚ ɷɬɚ ɩɪɨ- ɛɥɟɦɚ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ «ɨɦɨɥɚɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ», ɫɦɟɳɚɹɫɶ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɵ. Ʉɚɤ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɜɵɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɨɛɭɞɢɬɶ ɜ ɞɟɬɹɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɸ, ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɵ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ? Ɉɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɪɟ- ɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ – ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɟ ɭɪɨɤɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɦɚɤɫɢ- ɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɥɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɟ- ɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ. ɉɨɞ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ- ɧɢɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɤɥɢɤ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɠɢɜɨɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ, ɦɵɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɬɡɵɜɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɜ ɩɨ- ɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ. ɂɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ («inter» – ɜɡɚɢɦɧɵɣ, «act» – ɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ) – ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ, ɧɨ ɢ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ [2, ɫ. 2]. Ƚɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ – ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɞɢɧ ɭɱɢɬ ɜɫɟɯ, ɚ ɜɫɟ ɭɱɚɬ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ. ɉɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɟ- ɪɟɫɬɚɺɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɨɧ ɥɢɲɶ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɢ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ.

76 Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɭ «ɉɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ» Ⱥ. Ⱥ. Ƚɨɪɱɢɧɫɤɨɣ. Ⱦɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ- ɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɢɦ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɪɢ ɧɢɡɤɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɭɱɚɳɢɣɫɹ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɟɧ, ɧɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɡɚ- ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ. ɋɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ – ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ, ɷɩɢɡɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɞɚɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ. Ɉɛɭɱɚ- ɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɧɟ- ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɦ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟɦ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɥɸɛɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. Ʉ ɤɨɧɰɭ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɢɡɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥ 52 %, ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ – 32 %, ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ – 16 %. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɥɚ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ – ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞ ɢɯ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɢɡ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ (ɧɢɡɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ) ɜ ɫɭɛɴ- ɟɤɬɧɭɸ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɸ (ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ). ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝ ɨɛɹɡɚɧ «ɜɢɞɟɬɶ» ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɩɚɫɫɢɜ- ɧɭɸ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɸ, ɢ ɬɨɝɨ, ɤɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ «ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ» ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ, ɢ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɫ ɹɪɤɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɦɭ ɩɨ- ɡɧɚɧɢɸ. ɗɬɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɨɫɨɛɨɣ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɟ ɭɪɨɤɨɜ, ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨ- ɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɫɤɪɟɩɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɪɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɩɨɱɤɚ: ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɫɬɢ, ɫɧɹɬɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɯɚ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ, ɝɨ- ɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɨɞɧɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɚɦɢ, ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɸ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɜ ɧɟɬ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɚ. Ɇɵ ɨɬɞɚɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɋ. ɋ. Ʉɚɲɥɟɜɚ, ɬ.ɤ. ɨɧɚ ɫɨɡɜɭɱɧɚ ɢɞɟɹɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨ-ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ. Ɇɧɨɸ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ «Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɜ», ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɸ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɋɟɪɝɟɹ ɋɟɦɟɧɨɜɢɱɚ ɪɚɡɪɚ- ɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɩɨ ɢɯ ɜɟɞɭɳɟɣ ɮɭɧɤ- ɰɢɢ ɜ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɭ «Ɉɤɪɭ- ɠɚɸɳɢɣ ɦɢɪ», ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɤ, ɜɵɛɪɚɜ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɢɡ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ. Ʉɚɠɞɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɷɬɚɩɭ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɤɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɣ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɢɧ- ɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ: «Ɂɚɜɟɪɲɢ ɮɪɚɡɭ», «ɉɨɦɟɧɹɟɦɫɹ ɦɟɫɬɚɦɢ», «Ɏɪɭɤɬɨ- ɜɨɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɨ». ɉɨɞɪɨɛɧɟɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɦɟɬɨɞ «ȿɫɥɢ ɛɵ ɹ ɛɵɥ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢ- ɪɨɞɵ…». ɍɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɟɛɹ ɫ ɤɚɤɢɦ-ɥɢɛɨ 77 ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ, ɡɚɜɟɪɲɢɬɶ ɮɪɚɡɭ: «ȿɫɥɢ ɛɵ ɹ ɛɵɥ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ (ɞɟɪɟɜɨɦ, ɰɜɟɬɤɨɦ, ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɦ) …». Ɉɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ (ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬ) ɤɨɦɦɟɧ- ɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ. Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦ ɷɬɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚ- ɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ. ɉɪɢ ɨɛɦɟɧɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝ ɩɪɨɜɨɰɢɪɭɟɬ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɟɣ- ɫɬɜɢɹ. Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɷɬɚɩɭ ɭɪɨɤɚ «ɉɨɢɫɤ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ». ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ «Ɇɚɫɬɟɪɫɤɚɹ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ», «Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ», «Ɇɟɬɚɩɥɚɧ», «Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ». ɂɧɬɟɪ- ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ «Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ» ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸ ɫ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. Ƚɪɭɩɩɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ, ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɟ. Ɇɟɬɨɞ «Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ» ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɧɚɢɛɨ- ɥɟɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨ ɢ ɧɟɧɚɜɹɡɱɢɜɨ ɢɡɭɱɚɬɶ ɬɟɦɭ, ɨɩɢɪɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɩɵɬ ɞɟɬɟɣ. ɗɬɨ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨ- ɞɭɤɬɚ. Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚ- ɳɢɯɫɹ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ: «ɑɶɟ ɷɬɨ?», «ɑɟɬɵɪɟ ɭɝɥɚ», «Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɰɟɩɨɱɤɚ». Ɇɟɬɨɞ «ȼɵɛɨɪ» ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚ- ɝɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɤɚɪɬɨɱɟɤ (ɞɚ, ɧɟɬ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ), ɪɚɡɜɟɲɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ, ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɸ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ. Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɝɪɭɩ- ɩɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɷɬɚɩɭ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢ- ɟɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ. «Ⱥɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ», «Ɇɢɧɭɬɚ ɝɨɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ», «Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹɦɢ» ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ «ɫɦɵɫɥɨɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ» ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɩɨɹɜ- ɥɟɧɢɸ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɦɵɫɥɚ. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ «Ⱦɟ- ɪɟɜɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ» ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ, ɩɨɞɟɥɢɜɲɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ, ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɜɟɬɨɱ- ɤɚɯ ɫɜɨɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɩɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɸ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɢɞɟɢ ɧɚ «ɞɟɪɟɜɶɹ» ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɭ ɩɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɭ. ɋɚɦɨɫɬɨɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɦ ɤɚɤɢɯ-ɥɢɛɨ ɢɫɬɢɧ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧ- ɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɦɭ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɸ ɡɧɚ- ɧɢɣ, ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ, ɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ. ȼ ɫɬɪɭɤ- ɬɭɪɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɤɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɫɢ- ɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ. Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɹ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɜɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ «Ɏɪɭɤɬɨ- ɜɨɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɨ», «Ⱦɚ-ɧɟɬɤɚ», «Ɂɚɪɹɞɤɚ», «Ⱥɧɤɟɬɚ-ɝɚɡɟɬɚ». ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɱɚ- ɳɢɦɫɹ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ, ɞɚɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ, ɢɝ- ɪɵ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɨɜ, ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ, ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ. ȼɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɪ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ «ɀɢɜɨɬɧɵɣ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɢɪ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ». Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɞɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ- ɫɬɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ, ɬ.ɤ. ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ- ɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɮɨɪɦ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ. ɉɪɨɜɨɞɢɦ 78 ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ: «ɐɜɟɬɵ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ», «ɉɬɢɰɵ ɜ ɡɢɦɧɟɦ ɥɟɫɭ», «Ɂɜɟɪɢ ɜ ɥɟɫɭ», «ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɧɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ». ɗɤɫɤɭɪɫɢɢ «ɇɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɫɟɡɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ», «ɇɚɛɥɸ- ɞɟɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɩɬɢɰɚɦɢ», «ɋɥɟɞɵ ɧɚ ɫɧɟɝɭ» ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦ ɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟ- ɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ, ɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ. Ɉɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɣ ɦɢɪ ɬɟɫɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɟɣ ɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ. ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɨɩɪɢɦɟɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ- ɫɬɟɣ Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɟɦ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɟɡɞɤɢ. Ɍɚɤ, ɦɵ ɩɨɛɵɜɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɷɤɫɤɭɪɫɢɹɯ «Ɍɨɦɫɤɨɣ ɩɢɫɚɧɢɰɟ», ɫɚɦɨɣ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɟ Ʉɭɡɛɚɫɫɚ, ɜ ɦɭɡɟɟ-ɲɚɯɬɟ ɢɦɟɧɢ Ⱥ. Ⱦ. Ɋɭɛɚɧɚ. ɍɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɚɯ, ɨɥɢɦɩɢɚɞɚɯ, ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹɯ, ɦɚɪɚɮɨɧɚɯ, ɫɨɰɢ- ɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɯ, ɚɤɰɢɹɯ, ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɚɯ ɥɢɫɬɨɜɨɤ, ɩɥɚɤɚɬɨɜ, ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɝɨɞ ɨɬ ɝɨɞɚ ɧɟɭɤɥɨɧɧɨ ɪɚɫɬɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɪɨɫɬɟ ɩɨ- ɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɛɹɬ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ 4-ɯ ɥɟɬ, ɬɚɤ- ɠɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ- ɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ. Ʉ ɤɨɧɰɭ 4 ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɧɢɡɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥ 20 %, ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ – 48 %, ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ – 32 %. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨɛ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜ- ɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɢɟ- ɦɨɜ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɥɚɞ- ɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ⱥɤɫɸɱɢɰ, ɋ. Ⱥ. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɋ. Ⱥ. Ⱥɤɫɸ- ɱɢɰ // Ⱦɢɫɫɟɪɬɚɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɢɫɤɚɧɢɟ ɭɱɟɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɚ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟ- ɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ. – 2015. – 257 ɫ. 2. Ⱦɜɭɥɢɱɚɧɫɤɚɹ, ɇ. ɇ. ɂɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɮɨɪ- ɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɣ [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]: ɇ. ɇ. Ⱦɜɭɥɢ- ɱɚɧɫɤɚɹ // ɇɚɭɤɚ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ: ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɡɞɚ- ɧɢɟ. – 2011. – ʋ 4. – ɋ. 1–10. – Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: http://cyberleninka.ru/ article/n/interaktivnye-metody-obucheniya-kak-sredstvo-formirovaniya- klyuchevyh-kompetentsiy. 3. Ɂɟɥɟɧɢɧɚ, ȿ. Ȼ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ: ɩɟɞɚɝɨ- ɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɬɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɎȽɈɋ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ [ɗɥɟɤ- ɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ] / ȿ. Ȼ. Ɂɟɥɟɧɢɧɚ // ɍɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɉɪɢɦɨɪɶɹ: ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɠɭɪ- ɧɚɥ. – 2010. – ʋ 5. – ɋ. 1–8. – Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: https://sites.google.com/ site/teachprim/arhiv-zurnala/vypusk-5/razvitie-poznavatelnoj-aktivnosti-skolnikov. 4. Ɂɢɦɧɹɹ, ɂ. Ⱥ. ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] : ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɜɭɡɨɜ / ɂ. Ⱥ. Ɂɢɦɧɹɹ. – Ɇ.: ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɹ «Ʌɨɝɨɫ», 2000. – ɋ. 263–361. 5. Ʉɚɲɥɟɜ, ɋ. ɋ. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɋ. ɋ. Ʉɚɲɥɟɜ. – Ɇɧ.: Ȼɟɥɨɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɜɟɪɚɫɟɧɶ, 2005. – 196 ɫ.

79 6. Ʉɨɪɨɬɚɟɜɚ, ȿ. ȼ. ɉɫɢɯɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧ- ɧɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ȿ. ȼ. Ʉɨɪɨɬɚɟɜɚ // Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞ- ɧɵɣ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. – 2010. – ʋ 2. – ɋ. 36–39. 7. ɉɚɧɢɧɚ, Ɍ. ɋ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ɍ. ɋ. ɉɚɧɢɧɚ, Ʌ. ɇ. ȼɚɜɢɥɨɜɚ; ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. Ɍ. ɋ. ɉɚɧɢɧɨɣ. – Ɇɧ.: ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶ- ɫɤɢɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ «Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ», 2006. – 176 ɫ. 8. ɋɚɥɶɧɢɤɨɜɚ, Ɍ. ɉ. ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ / Ɍ. ɉ. ɋɚɥɶɧɢɤɨɜɚ. – Ɇ.: Ɍɐ ɋɮɟɪɚ, 2008. – 128 ɫ.

ɍȾɄ 372.41 Ɍ. ɇ. Ɋɨɦɚɧɨɜɚ, ȿ. Ⱥ. ɉɨɬɟɪɭɯɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 36», Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 24», ɝ. Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɨ E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɦɭɡɵɤɢ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɎȽɈɋ

ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɦɭɡɵɤɢ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɎȽɈɋ. ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɟɞɢɧɵɣ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɣ ɥɢɫɬ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɣ, ɧɚ ɧɚɲ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ, ɨɬɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ. ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢ- ɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ, ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɦ, ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɤɥɚɫɫɧɵɦ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ.

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɣ ɥɢɫɬ.

T. N. Romanova, E. A. Poterukha, Municipal Autonomous Educational Institution «General Education School ʋ 36», Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «General Education School ʋ 24», Kemerovo E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

Assessment system at Music lessons in terms of implementation of Federal Educational Standards

The article deals with an assessment system at Music lessons under the conditions Federal Educational Standard implementation. The authors present an assessment aiming to monitor the development of metasubject abilities and skills of second-

80 ary school children. The proposed assessment system provides the continuous contact among the teacher, children and their parents, the class tutor, and the school admin- istration.

Assessment system, assessment form.

ɇɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɥɟɬ ɜɟɞɺɬɫɹ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɹ ɧɚ ɬɟɦɭ: «ɋɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɦɭɡɵɤɢ». ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɨɛ- ɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɞɟɬ ɲɢ- ɪɨɤɨɟ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ. Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ɇɈɈ, ɈɈɈ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɦ, ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɪɚ- ɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. Ɉɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ ɧɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɧ- ɬɪɨɥɶɧɨ-ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ. Ɉɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɧɚ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ, ɨɧɨ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɦɟɯɚ- ɧɢɡɦɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɫɨ- ɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɇɨɜɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠ- ɧɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɭ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɤɚɤ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɪɟ- ɮɥɟɤɫɢɢ, ɫɚɦɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ, ɫɚɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɢ. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɫɨ- ɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɛɵ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɨɤɚ- ɡɚɥɚɫɶ «ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ» ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɲɤɨɥɵ. Ⱦɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɫɨ- ɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɦɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɚɦɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢ- ɨɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɞɨɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ ɨɰɟɧ- ɤɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ, ɫɜɹ- ɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ. ȼɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɸ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨ ɜɵɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɬɶ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ, ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɭɬɢ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɛɟɥɨɜ, ɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɭ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɪɭɛɟɠɢ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɲɤɨɥɶ- ɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɜɧɨɩɪɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢ- ɤɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɧ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɝɨɬɨɜ, ɨɧ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɟ ɫɜɨ- ɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɤ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɟɝɨ ɨɧ ɞɨɫɬɢɝ, ɱɬɨ ɟɦɭ ɟɳɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɨɢɬ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɬɶ. ȼɚɠɧɨ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɶ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɭ ɫ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɞɧɟɣ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɜɥɚɞɟ- ɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟɦ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ, ɤɚɤ ɨɧ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ, ɢ ɩɨ- ɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢɭɱɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɞɟɣ- ɫɬɜɢɹ.

81 ɑɬɨ ɞɚɟɬ ɧɚɦ ɬɚɤɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ? Ɉɧɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɮɨɪ- ɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ, ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɟɦɵɦ ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɦ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɫɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧ- ɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ. ɇɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɹɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ – ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ, ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɦ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɨɦ, ɜɵɫɨɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɣ. ɂ ɧɟɦɚɥɨɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɫɚɦɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɢɯ ɫɮɨɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɬɫɸɞɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ, ɤɚɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɟɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ? Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹ- ɦɢ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦɢ ɢɡɭ- ɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɢ: – ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɨɛɴɺɦɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢ- ɤɨ-ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ (ɨɬ ɮɨɥɶɤɥɨɪɚ ɞɨ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɭɡɵɤɢ XXI ɜɟɤɚ) ɢ ɦɭɡɵ- ɤɚɥɶɧɨ-ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ (ɠɚɧɪ, ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɫɤɨɟ ɜɨ- ɩɥɨɳɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɬ. ɞ.) ɡɧɚɧɢɣ; – ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɢɯ ɜ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ. Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ, ɫ ɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɟɺ ɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɚ- ɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɜɵɹɜɥɹɬɶ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ- ɫɬɢ ɟɺ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɭɸ ɭɱɟɛɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɪɚɛɨ- ɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɟ, ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ. ɑɬɨ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ? ɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɸ ɪɚɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɜɧɟɲ- ɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ. ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɸɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɵ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɢɤɬɨɪɢɧɵ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɬɟɫɬɵ, ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɭɸ ɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ⱥɩɪɨɛɢɪɨɜɚɜ ɪɚɡ- ɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ, ɦɵ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨ-ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ- ɚɥɵ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɢ ɟɞɢɧɵɣ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɣ ɥɢɫɬ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɣ, ɧɚ ɧɚɲ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ, ɨɬɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ. Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ⱥ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨ- ɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɍɍȾ, ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɹ ɦɭ- ɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɡɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɦɭɡɵɤɟ, ɜ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɫ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧ- ɧɵɦ ɹɡɵɤɨɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɨɛɳɧɨ- ɫɬɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ. Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɢ ȼ – ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɭɦɟɧɢɟɦ ɰɟɥɟɩɨɥɚɝɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɫɬɚ- ɧɨɜɤɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɛ- ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɍɍȾ, ɩɨ- 82 ɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɧɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɣ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ. ɇɚɤɨɧɟɰ, ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɋ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɸɬ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɍɍȾ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɭ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɦɭɡɵɤɟ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɢɞɚɯ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɭɫɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ. ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ, ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɦ, ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɤɥɚɫɫɧɵɦ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ. Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ, ɧɚ ɧɚɲ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ, ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɟɝɨ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ, ɢɛɨ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɟɬ, ɜɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɪɚɞɢ ɱɟɝɨ ɭɱɢɬɫɹ, ɚ ɜɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɥɢɲɶ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɰɟɥɢ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɠɟɥɚɟɦɨɟ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɬɚɤ ɜɚɠɧɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɚɤɰɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɥ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚɯ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɷɬɨɦɭ, ɧɚ ɧɚɲ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ, ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɢ ɩɪɢɞɭɬ ɤ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɢ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɣ, ɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ, ɫɦɨɝɭɬ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɟɛɹ ɜɨ ɜɡɪɨɫ- ɥɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ʉɫɟɧɡɨɜɚ, Ƚ. ɘ. Ɉɰɟɧɨɱɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ƚ. ɘ. Ʉɫɟɧɡɨ- ɜɚ. – Ɇ.: ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ «Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ», 2001. 2. ȼɟɤ, ɏ. Ɉɰɟɧɤɢ ɢ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɏ. ȼɟɤ. – Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 1984. 3. Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟɟɜɚ, Ʌ. Ʌ. Ɇɭɡɵɤɚ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ʌ. Ʌ. Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟ- ɟɜɚ, ȿ. Ⱦ. Ʉɪɢɬɫɤɚɹ. – Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 2007. 4. Ȼɚɪɞɢɧ, Ʉ. ȼ. Ʉɚɤ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ʉ. ȼ. Ȼɚɪɞɢɧ. – Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 1983.

ɍȾɄ 372.46 Ʌ. Ȼ. ɘɞɚɤɨɜɚ, ȿ. ȼ. ɋɜɨɪɨɛ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 32 ɝɨɪɨɞɚ Ȼɟɥɨɜɨ», Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]

ɉɭɬɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɭ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ

Ɉɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɚɦ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɫɶɦɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜ- ɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ – ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ

83 ɷɬɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɬɶɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ- ɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ.

Ɉɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ, ɮɨɧɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɥɭɯ, ɧɚɜɵɤ, ɩɪɚɜɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ.

L. B. Yudakova, E. V. Svorob, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «Belovo General Education School ʋ 32, the city of Belovo», Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]

Ways of improving the spelling memory of primary school children

Learning literacy requires continuous and purposeful work. The formation of spelling memory is the most important part of this work. This article contains examples of tasks contributing to the development of spelling memory in primary school children.

Spelling memory, phonemic hearing, skill, spelling.

Ɉɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ – ɷɬɨ ɜɚɠɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭ- ɪɵ, ɜɚɠɧɵɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ. ɂɡɭɱɚɹ ɪɚɡɞɟɥ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ «ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ», ɞɟɬɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɨɧɢ- ɦɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɩɢɫɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɞɢɤɬɚɧɬ – ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɚɯ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɢ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟɦ, ɤɨ- ɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ: 1. Ɉɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɡɜɭ- ɤɚ (ɮɨɧɟɦɵ) ɢ ɛɭɤɜɵ, ɫ ɭɱɺɬɨɦ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɡɜɭɤɚ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɮɨɧɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ (ɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨ) ɫɥɭɯɚ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ; 2. Ɉɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɹ ɛɭɤɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨ- ɫɬɚɜɚ ɫɥɨɜ, ɢɯ ɦɨɪɮɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ, ɫɥɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɧɺɡɞ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɨɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɩɢɫɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɟɣ; 3. Ɉɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟ- ɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɭɬɺɦ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ. [1, ɫ. 3] ȼɟɞɭɳɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɤɭɪɫɟ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢ- ɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɝɪɚ- ɦɨɬɧɨ? Ʉɚɤɨɜɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢ ɩɪɢɺɦɵ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɸ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚ- ɮɢɢ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ? ɗɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɫ ɜɨɥɧɨɜɚɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢ- ɤɨɜ. ɇɚ ɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ, ɧɚɫ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɨɥɧɨɜɚɥ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ: ɤɚɤ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ? ɇɚ ɩɪɨ-

84 ɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɥɟɬ ɦɵ ɚɩɪɨɛɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɚɯ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɺɦɵ ɩɨ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɟ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɢ ɯɨɬɢɦ ɩɨɞɟ- ɥɢɬɶɫɹ. ɂɡ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ ɞɢɤɬɚɧɬɨɜ ɜɵɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɤɭ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɦɦ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ: ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɩɪɨ- ɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɯɨɪɨɦ ɩɨ ɫɥɨɝɚɦ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɨɪɮɨɷɩɢɱɟɫɤɢ. ɉɪɨɫɢɦ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɥɭɯ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɪɚɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɪɨɢɡ- ɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɦ. Ɂɚɞɚɟɦ ɪɹɞ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ: 1. ɇɚɡɨɜɢɬɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɫ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɦɨɣ ɛɟɡɭɞɚɪɧɨɣ ɝɥɚɫɧɨɣ ɜ ɤɨɪɧɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ. ɉɨɞɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ? 2. ȿɫɬɶ ɥɢ ɜ ɤɚɪɬɨɱɤɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɫ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɦɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɤɨɪɧɟ? Ⱥ ɫ ɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɢɦɵɦɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɦɢ? Ɉɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɟ ɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɢɫɚ- ɧɢɟ. 3. ɇɚɣɞɢɬɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɫ ɧɟɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɦɵɦɢ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɹɦɢ? 4. ɇɚ ɤɚɤɢɟ ɟɳɺ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɜɫɬɪɟɬɢɥɢɫɶ ɫɥɨɜɚ? Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɱɢɬɚɸɬ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɟɳɺ ɪɚɡ. ɍɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɞɨɫɤɭ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɢɬ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɩɨ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɜɵɞɟɥɹɹ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɫɥɨɜ ɩɨ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɨɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɩɪɨ- ɜɟɪɤɚ. ɇɚ ɩɨɥɹɯ ɬɟɬɪɚɞɢ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɥɨɜ ɡɚɩɨɦɧɢɥ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɨɛɭ- ɱɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ. ɗɬɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɵ ɤɚɪɬɨɱɟɤ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟ- ɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ: ɜ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɭɞɚɪɟɧɢɹ, ɮɨɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨ- ɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɛɨɪɚ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɞɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɨɞɧɨɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɚɧɬɨɧɢɦɵ ɢ ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɵ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɥɟɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚ- ɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɨɜ, ɢɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɱɚɫɬɹɦ ɪɟɱɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɤ ɧɚɛɨɪɭ ʋ 2 ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚ- ɞɚɧɢɹ: 1. Ɋɚɡɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɫɥɨɜɨ «ɫɨɫɧɨɜɵɣ»; 2. ɋɞɟɥɚɣɬɟ ɡɜɭɤɨɛɭɤɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɥɨɜɚ «ɥɟɫɚ». 3. ɉɨɞɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɵ ɢ ɚɧɬɨɧɢɦɵ ɤ ɫɥɨɜɭ «ɝɥɹɞɹɬ»; 4. Ʉ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɟɱɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ? 5. ȼɵɛɟɪɟɬɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɢɯ ɪɨɞ, ɱɢɫɥɨ, ɫɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ. 6. ɋɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ «ɛɟɪɺɡɤɢ», ɭɤɚɠɢɬɟ ɜɫɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɟɱɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɢɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɤɨɦ- ɩɥɟɤɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɦɦ. ɇɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ 1 ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɦ. ɂɡ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛ- ɪɚɡɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 3. 85 Ɂɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɨɜ ɫɥɨɜ ɫ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦɢ ɧɚɤɨɩɢ- ɥɨɫɶ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɦɧɨɝɨ. ȼɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɦɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ, ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚ- ɥɢ, ɪɚɡɛɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɢ ɫɞɟɥɚɥɢ ɤɚɪɬɨɱɤɢ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɭ ɩɨ ɤɚɪɬɨɱɤɚɦ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦ ɩɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɢ ɧɚ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɭɪɨɤɚ. ɉɪɢɜɨɞɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚ ɤɚɪɬɨɱɟɤ: ɤɚɪɬɨɱɤɚ ʋ 1: ɨɤɬɹɛɪɶ, ɫɪɟ- ɡɚɸɬ, ɬɹɠɟɥɵɟ, ɥɟɠɚɬ, ɫɥɚɞɤɚɹ, ɪɟɩɤɚ, ɪɹɛɢɧɚ, ɨɫɟɧɧɢɣ, ɩɨɬɟɸɬ, ɨɤɨɲɤɢ; ɤɚɪɬɨɱɤɚ ʋ 2: ɪɭɫɫɤɢɟ, ɬɪɨɩɢɧɤɚ, ɥɟɫɚ, ɫɦɨɥɨɸ, ɫɨɫɧɨɜɵɣ, ɩɨɫɟɥɢɥɢɫɶ, ɜɟɪɲɢɧɵ, ɦɟɬɭɬ, ɝɥɹɞɹɬ, ɛɟɪɺɡɤɢ, ɜɵɬɹɧɭɥɢ; ɤɚɪɬɨɱɤɚ ʋ 3: ɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ, ɤɨ- ɫɨɥɚɩɵɣ, ɜɟɬɨɱɤɚ, ɛɶɺɬɫɹ, ɫɤɚɡɤɚɯ, ɦɟɞɜɟɞɶ, ɧɟ ɞɨɝɧɚɬɶ, ɠɢɜɺɬ, ɱɭɞɟɫɧɵɣ, ɥɨɜɤɢɣ. ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɢɺɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɨɛɭɱɚ- ɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦ ɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɬɢ- ɯɨɬɜɨɪɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ – ɪɢɮɦɨɜɤɢ. Ɋɢɮɦɨɜɤɢ – ɷɬɨ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɟ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ. Ɉɧɢ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɢɡɭɱɚɬɶ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬ ɮɨɧɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɥɭɯ, ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ. Ɋɢɮɦɵ ɛɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ: Ɋɢɮɦɵ-«ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɥɤɢ». Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɪɢɮɦɚɦ-«ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɥɤɚɦ» ɞɟɬɢ ɭɱɚɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɜɢɞ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢ ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɸɬ ɟɺ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ: ɋɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɓȺ ɢ ɑȺ – ȼ ɫɥɨɜɟ ɩɢɳɚ ɢ ɫɜɟɱɚ, ɑɚɳɚ ɞɚɱɚ ɢ ɩɟɱɚɬɶ – ɇɭɠɧɨ ɫ ɛɭɤɜɨɣ Ⱥ ɩɢɫɚɬɶ, ɉɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɓȺ ɢ ɑȺ ɉɢɲɭɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɛɭɤɜɨɣ Ⱥ. Ɋɢɮɦɨɜɤɢ-«ɬɪɟɧɚɠɟɪɵ». ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɪɢɮɦɨɜɨɤ – «ɬɪɟɧɚɠɺɪɨɜ» ɩɨɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɧɵɣ ɡɚɩɚɫ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ: Ʉɨɲɤɚ Ɇɚɪɢɲɤɚ, Ʉɨɬɺɧɨɤ Ɍɢɲɤɚ, ɓɟɧɨɤ Ⱦɪɭɠɨɤ, ɐɵɩɥɺɧɨɤ ɉɭɲɨɤ, Ʉɨɪɨɜɚ Ȼɭɪɺɧɤɚ, Ʉɨɡɚ ɇɚɣɞɺɧɤɚ, ɉɨɪɨɫɺɧɨɤ ɏɪɸɲɚ ɂ ɛɵɱɨɤ Ƚɚɜɪɸɲɚ – ȼɫɟ ɢɯ ɤɥɢɱɤɢ ɞɨ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɉɢɲɭɬ ɫ ɛɭɤɜɵ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɧɨɣ! ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɢɮɦɨɜɤɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɤɥɢɱɟɤ ɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɣ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɟɬɢ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɸɬ. Ɋɢɮɦɨɜɤɢ-«ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɺɪɵ» ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɢ ɫɚɦɨ- ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ. 86 ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ: ȼɫɺ ɨɛɞɭɦɚɣ, ɧɟ ɫɩɟɲɢ, Ⱥ ɩɨɬɨɦ ɭɠɟ ɩɢɲɢ: ɑɚ/ɱɹ-ɣɤɚ, ɺ-ɠɢ/ɠɵ-ɤɢ, ɱɢ-ɠɢ/ɠɵ, Ⱦɚ-ɱɚ/ɱɹ, ɳɸ/ɳɭ-ɤɚ, ɤɚɦɵ-ɲɵ/ɲɢ. Ɂɧɚɟɲɶ, ɤɚɤ ɩɢɫɚɬɶ? Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ, Ɍɚɤ ɥɢ ɞɭɦɚɟɲɶ, ɩɪɨɜɟɪɶ: ɑɚɣɤɚ, ɺɠɢɤɢ, ɱɢɠɢ, Ⱦɚɱɚ, ɳɭɤɚ, ɤɚɦɵɲɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɬɚɤ ɯɨɬɟɥ ɩɢɫɚɬɶ – ɉɨɥɭɱɚɣ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɭ ɩɹɬɶ! [3, ɫ. 73] ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɪɢɮɦoɜɤɟ ɞɜɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ. ɉɟɪɜɚɹ – ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɢ- ɞɚ ɨɪɮoɝɪɚɦɦɵ. ȼɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɢɮɦɨɜɤɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɨɬɜɟɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɞɚɺɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɫɥɨɜ ɫ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɱɟɬɚ- ɧɢɹɦɢ. Ɉɩɵɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ, ɫɢɫɬɟ- ɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɨɛɭ- ɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɭɤ, ɇ. ɇ. ɋɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: 2–4 ɤɥɚɫɫɵ / ɇ. ɇ. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɭɤ. – Ɇ.: ȼȺɄɈ, 2006. – 192 ɫ. 2. Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ. 1–4 ɤɥɚɫɫɵ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɤɨɧɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɭɪɨɤɨɜ ɞɢɤɬɚɧɬɨɜ. ɉɨɡɧɚɜɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɵ ɫ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹɦɢ / ɚɜɬ.-ɫɨɫɬ. ɇ. ɇ. Ȼɨɛɤɨɜɚ [ɢ ɞɪ.]. – ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞ: ɍɱɢɬɟɥɶ, 2010. – 285 ɫ. 3. Ɍɪɭɲɢɧɚ, ɋ. ȼ. Ʉɚɤ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɡɨɪɤɨɫɬɶ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɋ. ȼ. Ɍɪɭɲɢɧɚ // ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ. – 2005. – ʋ 3. – ɋ. 73–74.

Ɋɚɡɞɟɥ 2. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ

Section 2. The use of activity-type educational technologies in the development of universal action methods in primary school children

ɍȾɄ. 373.3 Ɍ. ɘ. Ⱥɫɚɞɭɥɥɢɧɚ, Ʉ. Ⱥ. ɀɢɞɤɨɜɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 14 ɫ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ», ɉɨɥɵɫɚɟɜɫɤɢɣ ȽɈ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɷɜɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ

ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɭ, ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɤ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ, ɧɨ ɢ ɦɟɬɚ- ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ. ɉɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɟ ɪɟ- ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɷɜɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ.

Ɇɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ; ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ; ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ; ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ; ɷɜɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ.

T. Yu. Asadullina, K. A. Zhidkova, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «General Education School ʋ 14 with in-depth study of certain subjects», the city of Polysaevo, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

Formation of the expected metasubject results of primary junior school children at the lessons of Russian and Reading through heuristic teaching methods

According to the Federal Educational Standard, a modern lesson should be aimed at the formation of not only substantive, but also metasubject expected results. 88 Expected metasubject results can be formed through the use of certain learning methods, including heuristic ones.

Metasubject results; Russian; Literary Reading; Primary School; heuristic teaching methods.

ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹ- ɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɦɢɪɨɜɭɸ ɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɭɸ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɣ ɤ ɨɬ- ɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɸ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɣ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ, ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɢ ɨɫɜɨɢɥ ɦɟɬɚ- ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɟ, ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ, ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɦ [4]. Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɩɨɥɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɦɟɬɚ- ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɭɪɨɤɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪ- ɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɠɚɧ- ɪɵ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ: ɮɨɥɶɤɥɨɪ, ɫɤɚɡɤɢ, ɛɚɫɧɢ, ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ. ɗɜɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ, ɝɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɞɨɛɵɜɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɢ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ. ɍɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɞɚɟɬ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɝɨɬɨɜɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ, ɚ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɬɶɸɬɨɪɨɦ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚ- ɬɨɪɨɦ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ [3]. Ʉ ɷɜɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬ: ɦɟɬɨɞ ɷɦɩɚɬɢɢ (ɜɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ); ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɟɧɢɹ; ɦɟɬɨɞ ɩɪɢɞɭɦɵɜɚɧɢɹ; ɦɟɬɨɞ «ȿɫɥɢ ɛɵ..» ɢ ɞɪ. Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɷɦɩɚɬɢɢ ɢɥɢ «ɜɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ» ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɣɬɢ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ [3]. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɦ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 1. Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ 2 ɤɥɚɫɫ ɱɚɫɬɶ 1. Ʌ. Ɏ. Ʉɥɢɦɚɧɨɜɚ, ȼ. Ƚ. Ƚɨɪɟɰɤɢɣ, Ɇ. ȼ. Ƚɨɥɨɜɚɧɨɜɚ, Ʌ. Ⱥ. ȼɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɫɤɚɹ, Ɇ. ȼ. Ȼɨɣɤɢɧɚ [2]. Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ: ɉɨɩɪɨɛɭɣɬɟ «ɜɠɢɬɶɫɹ» ɜ ɞɭɛ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ Ⱥ. ɋ. ɉɭɲ- ɤɢɧɚ «ɍ ɥɭɤɨɦɨɪɶɹ ɞɭɛ ɡɟɥɺɧɵɣ…». ɑɬɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ ȼɚɦ ɧɟɨɛɵɱɧɵɦ? ɑɬɨ ȼɚɦ ɩɨɧɪɚɜɢɥɨɫɶ? Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟ- ɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɭɸ ɢɞɟɸ ɫɨ- ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ [3]. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 2. Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ 2 ɤɥɚɫɫ ɱɚɫɬɶ 1. Ʌ. Ɏ. Ʉɥɢɦɚɧɨɜɚ, ȼ. Ƚ. Ƚɨɪɟɰɤɢɣ, Ɇ. ȼ. Ƚɨɥɨɜɚɧɨɜɚ, Ʌ. Ⱥ. ȼɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɫɤɚɹ, Ɇ. ȼ. Ȼɨɣɤɢɧɚ [2]. 89 Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ: ɉɨɱɟɦɭ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɫɨɡɞɚɥ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɞɭɛ? ɉɨɱɟɦɭ ɨɧ ɬɚɤɨɣ, ɚ ɧɟ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ? Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɴ- ɟɤɬɚ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 3. Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ 2 ɤɥɚɫɫ. ȼ. ɉ. Ʉɚɧɚɤɢɧɚ, ȼ. Ƚ. Ƚɨɪɟɰɤɢɣ [1]. Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ: Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɬɟ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ȼ. Ɇ. ȼɚɫɧɟɰɨɜɚ «Ɍɪɢ ɛɨɝɚɬɵɪɹ». Ʉɚɤ ȼɵ ɞɭɦɚɟɬɟ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɥɢ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ? Ʉɚɤɢɦɢ ɱɟɪɬɚɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɨɧɢ? Ɂɚɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɢɯ ɜ ɬɟɬɪɚɞɶ. Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɩɪɢɞɭɦɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦɢ [3]. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 4. Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ 2 ɤɥɚɫɫ. ȼ. ɉ. Ʉɚɧɚɤɢɧɚ, ȼ. Ƚ. Ƚɨɪɟɰɤɢɣ [1]. Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ: Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɬɟ ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ. ɇɚɣɞɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɞɟɪɟɜɟ ɫɚɦɵɣ ɤɪɚɫɢɜɵɣ ɥɢɫɬɨɱɟɤ ɢ ɧɚɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɟɦɭ 3 ɤɨɦɩɥɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɬɟɬɪɚɞɶ. Ɇɟɬɨɞ «ȿɫɥɢ ɛɵ…» ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɜɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɸ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ [3]. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 5. Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ 2 ɤɥɚɫɫ ɱɚɫɬɶ 1. Ʌ. Ɏ. Ʉɥɢɦɚɧɨɜɚ, ȼ. Ƚ. Ƚɨɪɟɰɤɢɣ, Ɇ. ȼ. Ƚɨɥɨɜɚɧɨɜɚ, Ʌ. Ⱥ. ȼɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɫɤɚɹ, Ɇ. ȼ. Ȼɨɣɤɢɧɚ [2]. Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ: ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨ, ɟɫɥɢ ɛɵ ɢɡ ɦɢɪɚ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɨɩɚɥɢ ɜɫɟ ɫɤɚɡɤɢ. Ɉɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɷɬɭ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɷɜɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ȼɵ- ɲɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɩɨɦɨɝɭɬ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɦɭ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɭ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ ɨɤɪɭɠɚ- ɸɳɭɸ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ʉɚɧɚɤɢɧɚ, ȼ. ɉ. Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ. 2 ɤɥɚɫɫ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɭɱɟɛ. ɞɥɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬ. ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ. – ȼ 2 ɱ. ɑ. 1. / ȼ. ɉ. Ʉɚɧɚɤɢɧɚ, ȼ. Ƚ. Ƚɨɪɟɰɤɢɣ. – 7-ɟ ɢɡɞ. – Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 2017. – 143 ɫ. 2. Ʉɥɢɦɚɧɨɜɚ, Ʌ. Ɏ. Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ. 2 ɤɥɚɫɫ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɭɱɟɛ. ɞɥɹ ɨɛɳɟ- ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬ. ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ. – ȼ 2 ɱ. ɑ. 1. / Ʌ. Ɏ. Ʉɥɢɦɚɧɨɜɚ, ȼ. Ƚ. Ƚɨɪɟɰɤɢɣ, Ɇ. ȼ. Ƚɨɥɨɜɚɧɨɜɚ, Ʌ. Ⱥ. ȼɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɫɤɚɹ, Ɇ. ȼ. Ȼɨɣɤɢɧɚ. – 9-ɟ ɢɡɞ. – Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 2018. – 223 ɫ. 3. Ʉɨɧɵɲɟɜɚ, ɇ. Ɇ. Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶ- ɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɭɱɟɛ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɟɞ. ɜɭɡɨɜ ɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɞɠɟɣ / ɇ. Ɇ. Ʉɨɧɵɲɟɜɚ. – ɋɦɨɥɟɧɫɤ: Ⱥɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ XXI ɜɟɤ, 2016. – 296 ɫ. 4. ɉɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. Ƚ. ɋ. Ʉɨɜɚɥɟɜɨɣ, Ɉ. Ȼ. Ʌɨɝɢɧɨɜɨɣ. – 2-ɟ ɢɡɞ. – Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 2013.

90 ɍȾɄ 372.41 ȿ. Ⱥ. Ȼɢɤɨɜɟɰ, ȿ. ɉ. ɋɚɩɨɠɧɢɤɨɜɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 26 ɢɦɟɧɢ Ƚɪɢɝɨɪɢɹ Ⱦɪɨɡɞɚ», ɉɪɨɤɨɩɶɟɜɫɤɢɣ ȽɈ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ

ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɟɞɚ- ɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ: ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ- ɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɤɭɪɫɚ «Ɉɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɣ ɦɢɪ» ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɟɫɬɟ- ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ.

ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɦɟɠɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ.

E. A. Bikovets, E. P. Sapozhnikova, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «Grigory Drozd Secondary School ʋ 26», the city of Prokopyevsk, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

The use of modern pedagogical technologies in the lessons of the World Around Us

The article reveals the possibilities of using modern pedagogical technologies, such as problem based learning and project activities within the course “The World Around Us” in terms of the formation of scientific knowledge and skills of primary school children.

Problem-based learning, project-based activities, interdisciplinary connections.

ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ- ɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɭ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ. ɇɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɦɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɨ- ɛɥɟɦɧɵɣ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ «ɩɨɱɟɦɭ?» ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨ, ɧɨ ɢ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ. ɗɬɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɨ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɟ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɟɟ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɦ, ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɧɵɦ, ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ

91 ɞɥɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɬɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɡɚ- ɭɱɢɜɚɧɢɢ, ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɪɚɡɦɵɲ- ɥɟɧɢɹ, ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɢ. ɉɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ. Ɍɚɤ, ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɬɢɩɚ «Ʉɚɤɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɫɧɟɝ?» ɡɚ- ɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɣ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɧɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɢ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɹ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ, ɞɟɬɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɧɨ- ɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ. ȿɫɥɢ ɠɟ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɵɣ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ «Ɉɤɚɡɵ- ɜɚɟɬ ɥɢ ɰɜɟɬ ɫɧɟɝɚ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɠɢɜɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɵ?», ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɪɚɡɦɵɲɥɟ- ɧɢɹ, ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ. Ⱦɟɬɢ ɜɵɞɜɢɝɚɸɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɝɢɩɨ- ɬɟɡɵ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɚ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɟɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɷɬɢ ɪɚɡ- ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɭɠɧɨɟ ɪɭɫɥɨ. ɂ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɞɟɥɚɸɬ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɰɜɟɬ ɫɧɟɝɚ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɡɢɦɨɣ. ɇɟ- ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɭ, ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɡɢɦɧɢɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ: ɛɟɥɵɣ ɡɚɹɰ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɟɛɹ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɟɟ ɜ ɛɟɥɨɫɧɟɠɧɨɦ ɥɟɫɭ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɦɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɹ, ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɡɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɠɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬ- ɪɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɫ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɝɨɪɚɡɞɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜ- ɧɟɟ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɱɟɦ ɩɪɨ- ɫɬɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɬɚɰɢɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɚ. ɇɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɧɚɦɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨ- ɝɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɏɨɬɢɦ ɩɨɞɟɥɢɬɶɫɹ ɨɩɵɬɨɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ «Ɍɪɚɜɵ ɩɨɞ ɧɨɝɚ- ɦɢ». ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ – ɢɡɭɱɢɬɶ ɜɢɞɨɜɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɬɪɚɜɹ- ɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɚ. Ʉɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɭ ɨɬɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨ- ɪɢɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɨɪɚ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɟɬɢ ɭɱɚɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɪɚɫɬɟ- ɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤɚ-ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɹ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ, ɫɨɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɜɨɟɞɢɧɨ, ɱɟɪɬɢɬɶ ɩɥɚɧɵ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ, ɞɟ- ɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɬɚɥ ɚɥɶɛɨɦ «Ɍɪɚɜɵ ɩɨɞ ɧɨɝɚɦɢ» ɢ ɩɥɚɧ-ɤɚɪɬɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɜɹɧɢɫɬɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɪɢɲ- ɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɚ. ɉɟɪɟɞ ɬɟɦ, ɤɚɤ ɧɚɱɚɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ «Ⱦɨɛɪɨ ɩɨɠɚɥɨɜɚɬɶ, ɨɫɟɧɶ», ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɟɝɨ ɰɟɥɶ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ, ɷɬɚɩɵ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ. ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɟ- ɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɨɫɟɧɧɢɯ ɷɤɫɤɭɪɫɢɣ ɧɚ ɬɟɦɭ «Ɋɚɡɜɟɞɤɚ ɨɫɟɧɧɢɯ ɩɪɢ- ɦɟɬ». ɋɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɥɚɧ ɷɤɫɤɭɪɫɢɣ ɩɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɨɫɬɚɧɨ- ɜɨɤ: «Ɉɛɥɚɤɚ»; «ȼɨɞɚ»; «əɛɥɨɧɶɤɚ»; «ɉɨɥɹɧɤɚ, ɧɚɫɟɤɨɦɵɟ, ɬɪɚɜɚ»; «Ƚɨ- ɪɨɞɫɤɢɟ ɰɜɟɬɵ»; «ɉɟɲɟɯɨɞɵ»; «ɍɪɨɠɚɣ»; «Ɋɹɛɢɧɤɚ»; «ȼ ɝɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɟɪɧɚ- ɬɵɦ». ɉɟɪɟɞ ɷɤɫɤɭɪɫɢɟɣ ɞɟɬɹɦ ɪɚɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɪɬɨɱɤɢ-ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɜɟ- ɞɟɧɢɸ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɞɥɹ ɭɪɨɤɨɜ ɬɪɭɞɚ; ɫɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɫɟɦɟɧɚ ɞɢɤɨɪɚɫɬɭɳɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ; ɤɨɥ- ɥɟɤɰɢɢ ɥɢɫɬɶɟɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɢ ɢ ɞɪ. 92 ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɷɬɚɩ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ «Ʉɨɩɢɥɤɚ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɭɞ- ɪɨɫɬɢ»: ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɛɨɪ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɬ ɢ ɢɡɪɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɨɛ ɨɫɟɧɢ. Ⱦɟɬɢ ɫɨɛɪɚɥɢ ɨɤɨɥɨ 60 ɩɪɢɦɟɬ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɨɜɢɰ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, «Ƚɪɨɦ ɜ ɫɟɧ- ɬɹɛɪɟ ɩɪɟɞɜɟɳɚɟɬ ɬɟɩɥɭɸ ɨɫɟɧɶ», «ɉɚɭɬɢɧɚ ɫɬɟɥɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɦ – ɤ ɬɟɩɥɭ», «ȼ ɥɟɫɭ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɪɹɛɢɧɵ – ɨɫɟɧɶ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɞɨɠɞɥɢɜɚɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɦɚɥɨ – ɫɭ- ɯɚɹ». Ɍɪɟɬɢɣ ɷɬɚɩ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɥ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫ «Ʉɬɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɫɨɛɟɪɟɬ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɬɢɱɶɟɣ ɫɬɨɥɨɜɨɣ?». ɇɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɭɱɚɳɢ- ɟɫɹ ɭɡɧɚɥɢ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɤɚɤ ɡɚɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɪɦ, ɤɚɤɢɟ ɫɟɦɟɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɩɬɢɰ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɫɛɨɪɟ ɫɟɦɹɧ. ɑɟɬɜɟɪɬɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ – ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɟɪɛɚɪɢɟɜ. Ⱦɨɦɚ ɞɟɬɢ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɥɢ ɬɪɚ- ɜɵ, ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɟɣ, ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ, ɫɭɲɢɥɢ ɢɯ, ɨɛɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɥɢ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɥɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ, ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ: ɷɤɫɤɭɪɫɢɢ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɵ, ɜɢɤɬɨɪɢɧɵ. ɇɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦ ɦɟɠɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɟ, ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟ- ɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ. Ɍɚɤ, ɭɱɚɳɢɦɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɫɨ- ɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɨɛ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟ- ɦɚɯ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɹ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɸ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɞɟɬɹɦ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟ- ɲɢɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ: x Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɠɢɬɟɥɶ Ɂɟɦɥɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɭɟɬ ɜ ɝɨɞ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɛɭɦɚɝɢ, ɤɨɬɨ- ɪɨɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɬɪɟɯ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ. ɋɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɯɜɨɣɧɵɯ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ ɬɪɟ- ɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɲɟɦɭ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ? ɋɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɲɟɣ ɫɟɦɶɟ? Ʉɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɳɢ- ɬɢɬɶ ɥɟɫ ɨɬ ɜɵɪɭɛɤɢ? ɑɬɨ ɦɵ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɥɟ- ɫɚ? ɉɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɞɟɬɢ ɪɟɲɚɸɬ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ: x Ⱦɥɹ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɨɹ ɩɨɱɜɵ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ ɜ 1 ɫɦ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 100 ɥɟɬ. ɂɡ-ɡɚ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɨɜɪɚɝɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɥɟɣ ɫɦɵɥɨ ɜ ɩɨɥɨ- ɜɨɞɶɟ 10 ɫɦ ɩɨɱɜɵ. ɋɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɟɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ? Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɨɛ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ, ɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɯ, ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɢ, ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɧɟɡɚɦɟɧɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɪɢ- ɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɟ. Ɂɧɚɧɢɟ ɰɟɧɧɨ ɧɟ ɫɚɦɨ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ, ɚ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠ- ɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ «ɩɨɱɟɦɭ» – ɩɨɱɟɦɭ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɬɚɤ, ɚ ɧɟ ɢɧɚɱɟ? ɇɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨ- ɪɵɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɣ ɜɵɛɨɪ, ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ, ɨɩɪɟ- ɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɩɨ- ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ, ɚ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɟ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ. ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɞɟ- 93 ɥɚ «ɉɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ» ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ, ɩɨɱɟɦɭ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɫɨɛɢ- ɪɚɬɶ ɛɭɤɟɬɵ ɢɡ ɞɢɤɨɪɚɫɬɭɳɢɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɢɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɞɨɦɨɣ «ɩɨɬɟɪɹɧɧɵɯ» ɞɟɬɟɧɵɲɟɣ ɥɟɫɧɵɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɬ. ɞ. Ɉɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɭɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɜ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ. Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɭɪɨɤɚ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵ: ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɹɪɭɫɚɦ ɢ «ɪɚɫɫɟɥɹɸɬ» ɬɚɦ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ; ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɱɢ- ɬɟɥɟɦ ɬɟɤɫɬ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɣ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ, ɧɟɜɟɪɧɵɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɧɚ- ɭɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ, ɪɟɲɚɸɬ ɤɪɨɫɫɜɨɪɞɵ; ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ ɨɩɵɬɵ; ɪɚɛɨɬɚ- ɸɬ ɫ ɤɚɪɬɚɦɢ. ȼ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɟ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɭɬɨɱɧɢɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɞɟɥɢɬɶɫɹ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ- ɦɢ ɫ ɬɨɜɚɪɢɳɚɦɢ. ɗɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɸ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ, ɜɵɪɚ- ɛɨɬɤɟ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɦ ɦɢɪɟ, ɨ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɧɟɦ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɜ ɢɯ ɧɟɪɚɡɪɵɜɧɨɦ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɛɨɝɚɬɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɤɭɪɫɚ «Ɉɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɣ ɦɢɪ» ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ. ɗɬɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭ- ɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ.

ɍȾɄ 373.1 Ʌ. ȼ. ȿɪɟɦɢɧɚ, ȿ. Ɇ. Ȼɚɲɤɨ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ɫ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ʋ 32», ɉɪɨɤɨɩɶɟɜɫɤɢɣ ȽɈ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɤɚ

ɂɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ- ɫɚ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɭɸ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ. ɋ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚ- ɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ – ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ.

ɂɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜ, ɦɟɬɨɞ, ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨ-ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ.

94 L. V. Eremina, E. M. Bashko, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «General Education School ʋ 32 with in-depth study of certain subjects», the city of Prokopyevsk, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

The use of interactive teaching methods in primary school in a modern lesson

Interactive teaching methods form an integral part of the educational process of special significance. With the development of the modern world, the need to use interactive methods beginning with the first stage of education – primary school is emphasized.

Interaction, method, training, development, systemic-activity approach.

ɉɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɤɚ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɦ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. ɂ ɭ ɧɚɫ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɤɚɤ ɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨ- ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɟ. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɧɨ-ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɦɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶ- ɡɭɟɦ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢ ɧɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨ ɦɵ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɭɞɟ- ɥɹɟɦ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ. Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜ- ɧɨɫɬɶ, ɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɦɵ ɢɫ- ɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɉɨɞ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚ- ɰɢɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ- ɥɺɧɧɵɟ ɰɟɥɢ, ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɨɳɭɳɚɸɬ ɫɜɨɸ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɜɨɸ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ. ɉɪɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɦ, ɬɨ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ɂ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ, ɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ. ȼ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤ- ɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ, ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɫɨɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɞɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɟɥɹ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɭɫɥɨ. ɋ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟ- ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɠ- ɞɨɦɭ ɭɱɚɳɟɦɭɫɹ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɫɟɛɹ, ɩɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɟɛɹ ɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɧɨ. ɉɪɢ ɢɧ- ɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɟ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɣ ɫɬɪɚɯ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɨɲɢɛɤɭ, ɷɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɱɬɨ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝ ɧɟ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚ- ɟɬ ɭɤɚɡɤɨɣ, ɩɚɥɶɰɟɦ, ɝɨɥɨɫɨɦ, ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɝɥɚɡ ɧɚ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɢ ɧɚ ɬɨɝɨ ɤɨɝɨ ɨɧ ɯɨɱɟɬ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɤ ɞɨɫɤɟ. ɂ ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ.

95 ɂɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɢɡ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɨɹɜɢɬɶ ɫɟɛɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ. ȼɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɬɚ ɠɟ ɫɚɦɵɟ ɫɥɚɛɵɟ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ, ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣ- ɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɥɢɫɶ ɤ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭ, ɢ ɭ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɟɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠ- ɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɭ, ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɹ. ȿɫɬɶ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɫɥɚɛɨɭɫɩɟɜɚɸ- ɳɢɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɫɬɟɫɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɟɫɬɶ ɬɟ, ɤɬɨ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɡɚɫɬɟɧ- ɱɢɜ, ɢ ɜ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɡɚɫɬɟɧɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɬɶ, ɧɟ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɹɫɶ ɤ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɭ, ɚ ɤ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɨɞɧɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɭ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɡɚɢ- ɦɨɩɨɦɨɳɶ. ɂɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɜɵɞɜɢɝɚɸɬ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ: ɩɪɨɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɭ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɤ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɦɭ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɭ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɢ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ; ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɟ; ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɡ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨ-ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ. ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧ ɧɚ: ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬ- ɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ, ɜɫɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɚɜɧɵ, ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɚ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɥɸɛɨɦɭ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ, ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɪɹɦɚɹ ɤɪɢɬɢɤɚ ɢ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɧɭɬɶɫɹ ɤɪɢɬɢɤɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɞɟɹ. ɂɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɪɢɟɧ- ɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɤɬɢɜ- ɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ. ȼ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɦɵ ɝɨɬɨɜɢɦ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɩɨ ɎȽɈɋ, ɨɧɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ. ɉɨ ɎȽɈɋ ɇɈɈ ɩɨ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɸ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɚɹ ɤ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ- ɫɹ ɜ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɤ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦ: ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɫ- ɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ, ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ, ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫ ɨɩɵɬɨɦ, ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶɸ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ, ɨɛɪɚɬɧɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ, ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ. ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ «ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ» ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ: ɚ) ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ – ɨɛɭ- ɱɟɧɢɟ, ɜɵɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɦ ɢ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɟɝɨ. ɛ) ɜɬɨ- ɪɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ – ɛɟɫɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɟ – ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɜɡɚɢ- ɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɧɟ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɣ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɢɧɬɟɪ- ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ:

96 1. Ɍɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶ- ɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ. ɑɟɦ ɪɚɧɶɲɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ ɩɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦɢ, ɩɨɩɪɨɛɭɟɬ ɢɯ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ, ɬɟɦ ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ ɟɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɝɢɛɤɢɦ. ɇɟɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɞɚ- ɧɢɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ: ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɟɥɶ- ɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ; ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶ ɫ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɣ, ɪɟɲɚɹ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ; ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬ ɨɫɨɛɵɣ ɫɬɢɥɶ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ. 2. ɉɪɨɟɤɬɵ (ɫɩɟɤɬɚɤɥɢ, ɜɵɫɬɚɜɤɢ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɫɤɚɡɤɢ). ɉɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɭɱɚɳɢɣɫɹ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɺɧ ɜ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ, ɢ ɭɦɟɟɬ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɱɟɛɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɛɨɪ ɧɭɠɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɢ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɬ ɞɨ- ɩɭɫɬɢɦɵɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɭɦɟɟɬ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɹ ɫɜɨɸ ɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɹ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɨɧ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɨɩɵɬ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɢ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɣ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɦɟ- ɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɯ. ɂɦɟɟɬ ɱɟɪɬɵ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨ- ɫɬɢ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɫɶ ɤ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. 3. «Ɇɨɡɝɨɜɨɣ ɲɬɭɪɦ» ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɦɟ- ɬɨɞɨɜ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɩɭɬɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɧɟɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ, ɫɚɦɵɯ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ. «Ɇɨɡɝɨɜɨɣ ɲɬɭɪɦ» ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɤɚɤ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɜɦɟɳɚɬɶ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨ-ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɫ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɦɟ- ɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɚɦɢ. 4. Ʉɟɣɫ-ɦɟɬɨɞ (ɤɟɣɫ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ), ɦɟɬɨɞ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɝɞɟ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ, ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɩɭɬɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨ- ɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ. Ʉɟɣɫ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ- ɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɨɦ ɤ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ. Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɟɣɫɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ- ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ. Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶ- ɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɧɨ, ɟɫɥɢ ɭ ɧɟɝɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɨɩɵɬ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɵ ɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɫɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ. ɉɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɭ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɩɪɨɹɜɢɬɶ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɭ ɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɧɟ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɬɨ ɧɟɩɨɧɹɬɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɚ ɪɟ- ɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɠɢɡɧɶɸ. ɉɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɹɡɚɬɶ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɣ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ- ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ: ɬɟɫɬɵ, ɝɞɟ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɨɞɢɧ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɢɡ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɦɧɨɝɨɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɞɜɭɯɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɧɵɟ ɬɟɫɬɵ. ɇɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ ɩɨ ɨɱɟɪɟ- 97 ɞɢ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɢ ɧɢɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɨɬɜɟɬɨɜ. Ɍɟɫɬɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɭɪɨɤɚ: ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ, ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ; ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ. ɍɱɚɳɢ- ɟɫɹ ɨɬɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ. Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ: «ɋɨɟɞɢɧɢ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɚɦɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ», «Ɋɚɫɫɬɚɜɶ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ- ɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɨɦɢɤɢ». ɉɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɚ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ, ɜɟɪɧɨ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɜɟɪɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɨ; ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ («Ɂɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ»). ȼɵ- ɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɵ ɢɥɢ ɦɵɲɤɢ. Ɍɚɤɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɥɨɝɢɤɢ, ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ: «ɉɪɟɞɥɨɝɢ ɩɢɲɭɬɫɹ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ______(ɪɚɡɞɟɥɶɧɨ, ɫɥɢɬɧɨ); ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ, «ɇɚɣɞɢ ɥɢɲɧɟɟ». ɇɚ ɷɤɪɚɧ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, «ȼɫɟ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɢɠɟ – ɩɪɟɞɦɟ- ɬɵ. ɇɚɣɞɢ ɢ ɡɚɱɟɪɤɧɢ «ɥɢɲɧɟɟ». Ⱦɥɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨ- ɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɧɚɣɬɢ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɥɢɲɧɟɟ. ɇɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɟɬ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢ- ɤɨɜ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɦɭ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɭ ɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɨɢɬ ɪɚɡɨɛɪɚɬɶɫɹ, ɩɨɧɹɬɶ ɫɭɬɶ ɬɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɨɥɭ- ɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɢ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ. ɍɱɢɬɟɥɸ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɬɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹ- ɸɳɚɹ ɪɨɥɶ, ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɢɪɭɸɳɚɹ. Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɜɹɬ ɭɩɨɪ ɧɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ, ɪɚɡ- ɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɵɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ, ɫɨɡɞɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɧɚɜɵ- ɤɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɰɟɥɶ ɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɟɺ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ, ɢɦɟɬɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ- ɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɵɛɨɪ, ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶ- ɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ. ɇɟɦɚɥɨɜɚɠɧɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɢɬɶ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɧɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɺɦɚ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɚ ɧɚ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɪɚ- ɛɨɬɤɭ, ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɶ, ɢɦɟɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ - ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟɟɜɚ, ɂ. ə. ɂɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɤ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɦɭ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɭ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɂ. ə. Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟɟɜɚ // Ɍɟɨ- ɪɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɦɢɪɟ: ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ IX Ɇɟɠɞɭ- ɧɚɪ. ɧɚɭɱ. ɤɨɧɮ. (ɝ. ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, ɢɸɥɶ 2016 ɝ.). – ɋɉɛ.: ɋɜɨɟ ɢɡɞɚ- ɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ, 2016. – ɋ. 42–44. 2. Ȼɭɪɥɚɤɨɜɚ, Ⱥ. Ⱥ. Ʉɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɚɯ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ⱥ. Ⱥ. Ȼɭɪɥɚɤɨɜɚ // ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ɩɥɸɫ Ⱦɨɢ ɉɨɫɥɟ. – 2007. – ʋ 7. – ɋ. 32–34.

98 3. Ɇɭɯɢɧɚ, Ɍ. Ƚ. Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ (ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ) ɜ ɜɵɫɲɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ / ɫɨɫɬ. Ɍ. Ƚ. Ɇɭɯɢɧɚ. – ɇ. ɇɨɜɝɨɪɨɞ: ɇɇȽȺɋɍ, 2013. – ɋ. 97.

ɍȾɄ 373.3 ȿ. ɂ. ȿɪɦɚɱɟɧɤɨ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «Ʌɢɰɟɣ ʋ 1», Ʉɢɫɟɥɺɜɫɤɢɣ ȽɈ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]

Ʉɥɚɫɬɟɪ ɤɚɤ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ

ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɪɢ- ɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɨ- ɞɚ «Ʉɥɚɫɬɟɪ». ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɤɪɚɬɤɢɣ ɨɛɡɨɪ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɚ, ɨɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.

Ʉɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ; ɦɟɬɨɞ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɚ; ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ.

E. I. Ermachenko, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «Lyceum ʋ 1», the city of Kiselevsk, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]

Cluster as one of the critical thinking methods

The article presents examples of the application of technology for the development of critical thinking in primary school lessons through the use of the cluster method. A brief overview of the development of the cluster is given, the ways of its use in teaching are described.

Critical thinking; cluster method; Primary School.

ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɱɟɛɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɟ- ɬɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɦɨɝɥɢ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɜɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɢɯ ɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ. ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɧɚɦ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚɦ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨ- ɰɟɫɫɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨ- ɝɢɢ. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ «Ʉɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ», ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵ.

99 ɉɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ Ƚ. ɋɟɥɟɜɤɨ, ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ – ɷɬɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ, ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɦɭ ɟɝɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɸ. Ʉɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɬɪɢ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ: ɜɵɡɨɜ, ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɸ. ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɺɦɨɦ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪ («ɝɪɨɡɞɶ», ɩɭɱɨɤ, ɨɩɨɪɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ, ɛɥɨɤ-ɫɯɟɦɚ), ɟɝɨ ɫɭɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ. ɋɦɵɫɥ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɵɬɚɸɬ- ɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɟ. ɉɪɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɚ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɸ, ɨɧɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɸɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚ- ɦɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. ȼ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɧɚ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɭɪɨɤɚ: ɢ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɯ ɜɵɡɨɜɚ, ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɢ. ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɦɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɧɚɞɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼɟɞɶ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ, ɫɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɨɛɭɠɞɚɬɶ ɤ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɸ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɢɟɦ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɚ ɫɬɚɥ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɦ, ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɬɚɤɭɸ ɪɚ- ɛɨɬɭ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ. Ɉɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɫ ɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɵ. ȿɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɭɫɩɟɥɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɥɢɛɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ, ɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫ ɧɢɦ ɩɨɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɢ ɞɨɦɚ. Ɉɮɨɪɦɢɬɶ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɝɪɨɡɞɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɵ ɫɨ ɫɩɭɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ, ɝɞɟ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɦɵɫɥɶ, ɚ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚɦ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɵɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɹɦɵ- ɦɢ ɥɢɧɢɹɦɢ. ɗɬɨ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ, ɞɚɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɬ ɢɞɟɢ, ɦɵɫɥɢ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɵ. ɉɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɚ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɸɬ ɧɟ ɛɨɹɬɶɫɹ ɢɡɥɚɝɚɬɶ ɢ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨ- ɜɚɬɶ ɜɫɺ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɬɨɬ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɚ ɭɦ. ȼɫɟ ɧɟɜɟɪɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɢɥɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ. Ɉɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɚ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ. ȿɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɤɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɥɢɫɬɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢ ɜ ɬɟɬɪɚɞɢ ɭ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɵ- ɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ, ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚ- ɰɢɢ ɭɪɨɤɚ. ɉɪɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɚ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɢ ɜɬɨɪɨ- ɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɵ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɮɥɨɦɚɫɬɟɪɵ, ɤɚɪɚɧɞɚɲɢ, ɪɚɡɧɨɰɜɟɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɥɤɢ, ɪɭɱɤɢ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɟɟ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɢ ɭɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɭɹ ɜɫɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɫɥɨɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɩɢɤɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɪɢ- ɫɭɧɤɢ, ɫɬɪɟɥɤɢ. Ɉɛɨɛɳɺɧɧɵɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɥɢɛɨ ɰɜɟɬɨɦ, ɥɢɛɨ ɨɛɜɨɞɤɨɣ, ɥɢɛɨ ɥɺɝɤɢɦ ɮɨɧɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɥɭɱɲɟɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ. Ɇɟɬɨɞ «ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪ» ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɡɜɟɧɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɢ ɧɚ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɟɝɨ ɷɬɚɩɟ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɧɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɜɵɡɨɜɚ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɸɬ ɢ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɫɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪ – ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ- 100 ɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ ɤ ɪɚɡɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɸ ɞɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɬɟɦɵ. ɇɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɚ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ- ɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ. ɉɨ ɧɚɲɟɦɭ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ, ɩɪɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɚ, ɮɨɪɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɥɸɛɨɣ: ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ, ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɣ, ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ. ɗɬɨɦɭ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɭɪɨɤɚ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɟ- ɪɟɬɟɤɚɧɢɟ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɭɸ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɜɵɡɨɜɚ, ɝɞɟ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɺɬ ɫɜɨɣ ɫɨɛ- ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ, ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ. Ʉɥɚɫɬɟɪ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɞɨ- ɦɚɲɧɟɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɛɵɥ ɨɩɪɟ- ɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɣ ɨɩɵɬ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɺɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɚ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɨɤɪɭ- ɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɜ 3 ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɟ «Ɋɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ». ɍɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɢɥɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬ ɬɟɦɭ ɭɪɨɤɚ ɤɚɤ «ɫɟɪɞɰɟ» ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɚ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɞɟɬɶɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɯɨɬɟɥɢ ɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɤɚ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɤ ɤɨɧɰɭ ɭɪɨɤɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɥɚɹ ɝɪɨɡɞɶ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɟ. ɂɡɭɱɢɜ ɩɨ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ ɬɟɦɭ «ɂɦɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ», ɨɛɭɱɚɸ- ɳɢɦɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɨ- ɩɪɨɫɭ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɬɟɬɪɚɞɶ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɧɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɨɛɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɜ ɩɚɪɚɯ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɢ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ. ɍɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɞɟɥɹɬɫɹ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦ ɡɧɚɧɢɟɦ ɡɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɩɨ ɤɪɭɝɭ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɬɨ ɜɚɠɧɵɣ ɮɚɤɬ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ, ɧɟ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɹ ɪɚ- ɧɟɟ ɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ (ɩɨɩɭɬɧɨ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɤɟ ɩɨɨɱɟɪɺɞɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɢɞɟɣ). ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɚ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɜɨɜɥɟɤɚɟɬ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɚ ɜ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ; ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɟ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ; ɭɱɢɬ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢ- ɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɜɨɢ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɟ ɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ; ɭɱɢɬ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɺ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ, ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ. Ⱦɟɥɚɟɦ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɹɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɚ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɭ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɹɜɢɬɶ ɫɟɛɹ, ɜɵɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɺ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɟ, ɞɚɸɬ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɭ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɰɟ- ɥɨɦ, ɧɨɜɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ, ɩɨ- ɜɵɲɚɸɬ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ƚɟɧɢɤɟ, ȿ. Ⱥ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ (ɛɚɡɨɜɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ) [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ȿ. Ⱥ. Ƚɟɧɢɤɟ, ȿ. Ⱥ. Ɍɪɢɮɨɧɨɜɚ, ɩɨɞ ɨɛɳ. ɪɟɞ. Ʌ. ɂ. ɋɟɦɢɧɨɣ // ɜ ɫɛ. ɍɱɢ- ɬɟɥɶ ɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ: ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ ɢ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ. – Ɍɨɦ 1. – Ɇ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ «Ȼɨɧɮɢ», 2002. – 239 ɫ. 101 2. ɋɟɥɟɜɤɨ, Ƚ. Ʉ. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ «Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɱɬɟ- ɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɨ (ɊɄɆɑ) [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ƚ. Ʉ. ɋɟɥɟɜɤɨ. – Ɇ.: ɇɚɪɨɞɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ- ɧɢɟ, 2005. – 556 ɫ. 3. Ɇɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ: ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɞɨɜ / ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. ɂ. Ɇ. Ɉɫɦɨɥɨɜɫɤɨɣ, ɞ. ɩɟɞ. ɧ., ɫɨɫɬ. Ʌ. Ȼ. ɉɪɨɤɨɮɶɟɜɚ, Ƚ. Ⱥ. ȼɨɪɨɧɢɧɚ. – Ɇ.: ɂɌɢɂɉ ɊȺɈ, 2004. – 524 ɫ. 4. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟ- ɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ Ɇɨɫɤɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ / ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. ɇ. ɉ. Ⱦɟɪɡɤɨɜɨɣ. – Ɇ.: ȺɉɄɢɉɊɈ, 2002. – 88 ɫ.

ɍȾɄ 372.41 Ɍ. Ɍ. Ʉɚɪɚɤɭɥɨɜɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «Ʌɢɰɟɣ ʋ 62», ɝ. Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɨ E-mail: [email protected]

ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ

ɋɬɚɬɶɹ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨ- ɥɨɝɢɣ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ- ɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧ- ɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɱɬɟɧɢɢ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ, ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ.

T. T. Karakulova, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «Lyceum ʋ 62», the city of Kemerovo E-mail: [email protected]

Improving the quality of education of school children through the application of modern educational technologies al Reading classes

The article is devoted to the description of the introducing of innovative technologies in Literary Reading lessons. The use of such technologies contributes to the learners’ success and improves the quality of knowledge and boosts interest in reading.

Literary Reading, innovative technologies, quality of knowledge.

102 Ʌɸɛɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɥɢɛɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ, ɥɢɛɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨɦ. ɂɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɢ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ – ɧɚ ɧɚɭɤɟ. ɋ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɫɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɫɶ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ. ȼ. ɉ. Ȼɟɫɩɚɥɶɤɨ.

ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɰɢɜɢɥɢ- ɡɚɰɢɢ ɏɏI ɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɫ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. Ⱥɧɚ- ɥɢɡ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ, ɱɬɨ ɟɞɢɧɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɧɹ- ɬɢɹ «ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ» ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ, ɚ ɫɟɦɚɧɬɢɤɚ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟ- ɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ. ɇɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨ- ɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɸɬɫɹ, ɧɚ ɧɚɲ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ, ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɢ- ɫɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɟɝɨ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ. ɍɱɟɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɧɫɬɢ- ɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɛɭ- ɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɟɣ ɜ ɷɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ ɟɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ ɡɧɚ- ɧɢɣ, ɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚɦɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ (Ⱥ. ɂ. ɋɭɛɟɬɬɨ, ɇ. Ⱥ. ɋɟɥɟɡɧɟ- ɜɚ, ɘ. Ƚ. Ɍɚɬɭɪ, ȼ. ɋ. Ⱥɜɚɧɟɫɨɜ). ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨ- ɰɟɧɬɪɢɱɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɞ «ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ» ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɟɦɵɦ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧ- ɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ (ɇ. Ⱥ. ɋɟɥɟɡɧɟɜɚ). Ɉɬ ɦɟɧɹ, ɤɚɤ ɨɬ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ, ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɚɬɶ ɞɟ- ɬɹɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ-ɭɦɟɧɢɣ-ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ, ɧɨ ɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ, ɜɨɫɩɢɬɵ- ɜɚɬɶ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ – ɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨ- ɥɢɬ ɫɜɟɫɬɢ ɞɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚ ɭɬɨɦɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ, ɩɨɞɞɟɪ- ɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɭɪɨɤɚ. ɍɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɜ ɝɨɬɨɜɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ. ȼ ɦɨɟɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɪ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɢɧ- ɬɟɪɟɫ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɢɝɪɨɜɵɟ, ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɫɹ ɩɪɨɹɜɢɬɶ ɫɟɛɹ ɢ ɞɨ- ɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɭɫɩɟɯɚ. Ɋɟɛɟɧɨɤ, ɨɬɩɪɚɜɥɹɹɫɶ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɭ, ɠɞɟɬ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɧɨɜɨɟ, ɪɚɞɨɫɬ- ɧɨɟ, ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨɟ, ɧɚɞɟɹɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɫɩɟɯ. ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ – ɷɬɨ ɡɚɥɨɝ ɭɫɩɟɯɚ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ɂɡ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɹ ɡɧɚɸ, ɱɬɨ, ɟɫɥɢ ɞɟɬɹɦ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɧɨɜɨɟ, ɧɟɨɛɵɱɧɨɟ, ɨɧɢ ɪɚɫɤɪɟɩɨɳɚɸɬɫɹ, ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɰɟɥɟɭɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ, ɢɡɨɛɪɟ- ɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ. ɗɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ ɧɚɬɨɥɤɧɭɥ ɦɟɧɹ ɧɚ ɦɵɫɥɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɧɟɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ- ɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦɭ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ. Ʉɚɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɞɟɬɢ ɧɟ ɥɸɛɹɬ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɱɢɬɚɬɶ. Ʉɚɤ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɤɧɢ- ɝɚɦɢ? Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɭɸ ɢ ɪɟɱɟɜɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ,

103 ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɭɸ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɜ ɦɢɪ ɤɧɢɝ ɢ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɳɭɸ ɢɦ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɢ ɫ ɪɚɞɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɤɪɭɝɟ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ, ɫɞɟɥɚɜ ɟɝɨ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɦ ɢ ɩɨɧɹɬ- ɧɵɦ, ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟ ɱɢɬɚɬɶ, ɞɭɦɚɬɶ ɢ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɧɧɨɦ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɬɚɛɥɢɰ «Ɂɞɪɚɜɫɬɜɭɣ, ɤɧɢɝɚ!» Ⱦɚ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɦɢ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɢ ɩɪɢɹɬɧɨ ɞɟɬɹɦ. Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɫ ɞɟɬɶɦɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ: ɢ ɱɢɬɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɢ ɧɟɱɢɬɚɸɳɢɦɢ; ɢ ɝɨɪɹɳɢɦɢ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟɦ ɭɱɢɬɶ- ɫɹ, ɢ ɬɟɦɢ, ɤɬɨ ɧɟ ɯɨɱɟɬ ɢ ɧɟ ɝɨɬɨɜ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ; ɫ ɬɟɦɢ, ɭ ɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɱɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɚ ɢ ɧɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɚ. ȼ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ: ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫɨ ɡɜɭɤɚɦɢ, ɛɭɤɜɚɦɢ, ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ, ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɬɟɤɫɬɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ, ɞɟɬɹɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɫɜɨɢɬɶ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ, ɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɢɫɶɦɚ. Ɋɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨ- ɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɧɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɢ ɫɤɚɡɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟ- ɧɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ «ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ», ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɫɤɚɡɵ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɨɜ ɢ ɫɤɚɡɨɤ ɜ ɨɩɨɪɟ ɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɪɵɜɤɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɢ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ- ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɪɚ- ɛɨɬɭ. ɐɟɧɬɪɨɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫɬɪɭɤ- ɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ, ɛɟɡ ɱɟɝɨ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɝɨ ɱɢɬɚ- ɬɟɥɹ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ. Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɩɟɪɜɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɚɦ ɡɚɩɨɦ- ɧɢɬɶ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɫɤɢɯ ɤɧɢɝ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɣ, ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɤɧɢɝɚɦ, ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɭɱɚɬ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɩɪɢɟɦɚɦ ɡɚɭɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɢɯɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɡɵ ɧɚɢɡɭɫɬɶ. Ⱦɟɬɹɦ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɢɧ- ɬɟɪɟɫɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɷɬɢ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ, ɪɚɡɝɚɞɵɜɚɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɚɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɵɱɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɧɢɯ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ, ɧɨ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ. ɍɱɟɧɢɤ, ɩɨɝɪɭɠɺɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ ɪɚɞɨɫɬɢ, ɜɵɪɚɫɬɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɫɬɨɣ- ɱɢɜɵɦ ɤɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɦ ɧɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɦ ɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɚɦ ɢ ɪɚɡɨɱɚɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ ɹɪɤɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɥɟɝɤɨɫɬɶ ɜɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɵ. ɂ ɤɚɤ ɧɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɒ. Ⱥ. Ⱥɦɨɧɚɲɜɢɥɢ: «ȿɫɥɢ ɯɨɱɟɲɶ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɞɟɬɹɯ ɫɦɟɥɨɫɬɶ ɭɦɚ, ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ, ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɭɸ ɱɟɪɬɭ, ɜɫɟɥɢɬɶ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɪɚɞɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɬɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɣ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɫɤɨɪɤɢ ɢɯ ɦɵɫɥɟɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɰɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɦɵɫ- ɥɟɣ, ɞɚɣ ɢɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɟɛɹ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɜɥɚɫɬɟɥɢɧɨɦ».

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ʉɚɫɩɪɠɚɤ, Ⱥ. Ƚ. ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ: ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɢɬɨɝɢ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ⱥ. Ƚ. Ʉɚɫɩɪɠɚɤ, Ɉ. Ȼ. Ʌɨɝɢɧɨɜɚ, Ʉ. ɇ. ɉɨɥɢɜɚɧɨɜɚ // ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. – 2004. – ʋ 3. – ɋ. 24–43.

104 ɍȾɄ 373.3 Ʌ. ɉ. Ʉɨɠɟɜɧɢɤɨɜɚ, ɇ. ȼ. ɇɚɤɨɧɟɲɧɸɤ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɇɨɜɨɫɚɮɨɧɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɋɈɒ», ɉɪɨɤɨɩɶɟɜɫɤɢɣ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɣɨɧ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ., E-mail: [email protected]

ɉɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ

ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɰɢɤɥɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɭɪɨɱ- ɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦ ɫ 1 ɩɨ 4 ɤɥɚɫɫɵ, ɨɩɢɫɚɧ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɪɝɚ- ɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɧ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟ- ɫɤɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ, ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ, ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɱɟ- ɪɟɡ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɜ.

ɉɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɦɟɬɨɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ.

L. P. Kozhevnikova, N. V. Nakoneshnyuk, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «Novosafonovo General Education School», Prokopyevsk district, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]

Project activity as a means of development of creative activity in primary school children

The article presents a cyclogramme of the project method application in the classroom activities in learning subjects in grades 1 to 4. The authors describe the process of organization of project activities, as it is a didactic means of development of various skills, abilities and thinking of learners through the use of a variety of teaching methods.

Project activity, project method, organization.

ȼɫɹ ɧɚɲɚ ɠɢɡɧɶ – ɱɟɪɟɞɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ. Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɠɟ ɭ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ. ȼɚɠɧɨ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ, ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ- ɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ – ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɫɭ- ɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ

105 ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ, ɛɟɡ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ, ɭɱɟɧɢɤɭ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɨ ɨɫɜɨɢɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɈɈɈ ɢ ɋɈɈ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟ- ɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶ- ɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɎȽɈɋ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ- ɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɥɢɱ- ɧɨɫɬɢ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ. Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɎȽɈɋ ɇɈɈ – ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣ- ɫɬɜɢɣ, ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɪɚ. ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨ- ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ – ɫɨɡɞɚ- ɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ, ɢɧɢɰɢɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ. ɋɭɬɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ – «ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ- ɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɦ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɭɦɦɨɣ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɪɚɡɜɢ- ɬɢɟ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ (ɜ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ Ⱦɠɨɧɚ Ⱦɶɸɢ) ɢɥɢ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɰɟɥɶ ɦɵɫɥɢ, ɚ ɰɟɥɶ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ» [4]. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ – ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɩɟ- ɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɩɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɠɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɨɩɵɬ ɪɟ- ɛɺɧɤɚ, ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɭɬɶ ɢɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɣ. ɍɱɟ- ɧɢɤ ɫɚɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ-ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ, ɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɢɳɟɬ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ, ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ. Ɋɨɥɶ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ – ɪɨɥɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ, ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ, ɧɟ ɩɨɞɦɟɧɹɸɳɚɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɰɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɦɟɬɨɞɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɟɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɧ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɡɜɢ- ɬɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ, ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ, ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟ- ɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɺɦɨɜ. ɍ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ, ɞɚɠɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɭ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɫ- ɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧ ɦɨɬɢɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɦɢ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɪɟɛɺɧɨɤ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨ- ɜɚɬɶ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɣ ɟɝɨ ɦɢɪ. Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ – ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɞɟɬɫɤɭɸ ɥɸɛɨɡɧɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɧɟ ɩɪɟɫɟɤɚɬɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɩɪɟɬɚɦɢ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɫ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɨɦ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɫɬɚɧɟɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɟɝɨ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ. ɇɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɢɭɱɢɬɶ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ ɤ ɫɥɨɜɚɦ «ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ», «ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɚ», «ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ», «ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ». ɂɫɫɥɟɞɭɹ, ɦɵ ɡɚɞɚɺɦ ɫɟɛɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɢ ɢɳɟɦ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɬ, ɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɰɟɥɶ, ɧɚɦɟɱɚɟɦ ɩɥɚɧ

106 ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɲɚɝɢ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦ, ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɦ, ɞɟ- ɥɚɟɦ ɜɵɜɨɞ, ɮɢɤɫɢɪɭɟɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ. ɇɨ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɱɟɦ ɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɛɭɱɢɬɶ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɦ ɭɦɟɧɢɹɦ. ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɦ ɩɪɨɩɟɞɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ: ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɦ ɡɚ- ɞɚɧɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɢɦɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɹɦɢ (ɚɧɚ- ɥɢɡ, ɫɢɧɬɟɡ, ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ, ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ, ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ). ɋɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨ- ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ: ɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɦ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɨɧɹ- ɬɢɹɦɢ (ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ, ɢɞɟɹ, ɬɟɦɚ, ɰɟɥɶ, ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɚ, ɫɛɨɪ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɡɚɳɢɬɚ (ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ), ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨ- ɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɬɟɦɚɦ). ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ. ȼ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸɬ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɬɟɨɪɢɟɣ ɩɪɨ- ɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɣ, ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɋɟɛɹɬɚ ɩɪɟɞ- ɥɚɝɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ, ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɳɭɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ, ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɫɬɚɜɹɬ ɩɪɨɫɬɟɣɲɢɟ ɨɩɵɬɵ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ, ɨɩɪɨ- ɫɵ, ɚɧɤɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ. ɏɨɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɟɦ ɫ ɞɟɬɶɦɢ ɧɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ. ȼ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɢ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɨɛɳɚ- ɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ. ɍɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜ- ɥɹɬɶ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɩɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɟ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧ- ɧɵɦ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɭɪɨɤɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɤɢ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ, ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨ- ɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɢ ɭɱɚɬɫɹ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɹɬɶ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ- ɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɨɮɢɫɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ Microsoft Word ɢ Pow- er Point. ɂɳɭɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɜ ɫɟɬɢ ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɪɚ- ɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɰɢɤɥɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦ ɫ 1 ɩɨ 4 ɤɥɚɫɫɵ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1).

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1 ɐɢɤɥɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦ ɫ 1 ɩɨ 4 ɤɥɚɫɫ

ɉɪɟɞɦɟɬ Ʉɥɚɫɫ Ɍɟɦɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ 1 Ⱥɥɮɚɜɢɬ ɜ ɫɬɢɯɚɯ ɋɥɨɜɚɪɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɋɤɨɪɨɝɨɜɨɪɤɢ 2 Ɇɢɧɢ-ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɩɨɫɥɨɜɢɰ «Ɉ Ɋɨɞɢɧɟ» ɂɡ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɛɭɤɜɵ «Ȭ» Ɇɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɧɢɤ-ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ 3 Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɛɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɢ ɋɤɚɡɨɱɧɨɟ ɩɭɬɟɲɟɫɬɜɢɟ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɫɥɨɜɚ

107 ɉɪɟɞɦɟɬ Ʉɥɚɫɫ Ɍɟɦɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɂɦɟɧɚ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɜ ɡɚɝɚɞɤɚɯ 4 ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɪɚɡɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɹ ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɛɟɡɭɞɚɪɧɵɯ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɣ ɫɭɳɟ- ɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ 1 ȼɟɫɟɥɵɣ ɪɟɛɭɫ ɑɢɫɥɚ ɜ ɩɨɝɨɜɨɪɤɚɯ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɨɜɢɰɚɯ 2 ɑɢɫɥɚ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɨɜɢɰɚɯ ɢ ɩɨɝɨɜɨɪɤɚɯ Ƚɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɢɝɭɪɵ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɧɚɫ 3 Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɤɚɡɤɢ Ƚɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɢɝɭɪɵ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɧɚɫ 4 Ɉɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɪɨɛɢ Ⱦɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɟ 1 Ɇɨɹ Ⱥɡɛɭɤɚ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ 2 ɉɨɷɬɵ ɨɛ ɨɫɟɧɢ ɋɧɟɠɧɵɟ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ 3 ȼɪɟɦɟɧɚ ɝɨɞɚ ɜ ɭɫɬɧɨɦ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟ Ɇɨɹ ɥɸɛɢɦɚɹ ɤɧɢɝɚ ɋɱɢɬɚɥɤɢ ɢ ɧɟɛɵɥɢɰɵ 4 Ⱥɥɶɛɨɦ «Ɇɵ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ» Ɉɧɢ ɡɚɳɢɳɚɥɢ Ɋɨɞɢɧɭ Ɉɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɣ 1 Ɇɨɹ ɫɟɦɶɹ ɦɢɪ Ɍɚɣɧɚ ɫɧɟɠɢɧɨɤ 2 ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɦɨɟɣ ɭɥɢɰɵ Ƚɪɹɞɤɚ ɧɚ ɦɨɟɣ ɩɨɞɨɤɨɧɧɢɤɟ 3 ɋɟɦɟɣɧɵɟ ɩɭɬɟɲɟɫɬɜɢɹ Ɂɟɥɟɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɨɤɨɧɧɢɤ 4 ɉɭɬɟɲɟɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɡɨɧɚɦ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ Ɂɚɩɨɜɟɞɧɵɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ

ɍɪɨɤɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɦ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ: ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɵɣ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ (ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ); ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɥɢ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɡɚɞɚɱ (ɡɚɞɚɱɢ – ɲɚɝɢ ɞɥɹ ɞɨ- ɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɢ, ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ); ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɥɚɧɭ (ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɭ, ɲɚɝɚɦ); ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ; ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɹ. ȼɨ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪoɟɤɬɧo-ɢɫɫɥɟɞoɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɪɚɛoɬɚ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɦɟɠɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ. ɉɪɟɞɩɨ- 108 ɫɵɥɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɢɡɜɟɱɧɵɟ ɞɟɬɫɤɢɟ «ɩɨɱɟɦɭ?». Ɉɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ, ɭɱɟɧɢɤ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ. Ɍɟɦɭ ɜɵɛɢɪɚ- ɟɬ ɫɚɦ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ, ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ, ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ. ɑɬɨ ɞɚɟɬ ɪɚɛoɬɚ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦ? ɗɬɚ ɪɚɛoɬɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɨɛɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɦ ɦɢɪɨɦ: ɛɟɫɟɞɭɸɬ ɫ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ, ɫɨɫɟɞɹɦɢ, ɡɧɚɤɨɦɵɦɢ, ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ; ɩɪɢɧɨɫɹɬ ɜ ɤɥɚɫɫ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ; ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɚɸɬ ɫ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɨɣ, ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɭɠɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɜ ɋɆɂ; ɭɱɚɬɫɹ ɢɫɤɚɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɟɬɶ ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ (ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ). Ɋɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɞɟɬɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜ- ɧɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɚ. Ʉɨɦɭ-ɬɨ ɩo ɫɢɥɚɦ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚ- ɰɢɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ, ɚ ɤɬɨ-ɬɨ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɨ ɫɭɦɟɟɬ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɬɚɥɚɧɬɵ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɟ. Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɟ – ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɭ ɩɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɜ ɫɜɨɢ ɫɢɥɵ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɨɬɯɨɞ ɨɬ ɚɜ- ɬɨɪɢɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɢɥɹ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɦɚɧɧɨɟ, ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ, ɮɨɪɦ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. Ⱥ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɸ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ: ɜɥɚɞɟɬɶ ɜɫɟɦ ɚɪɫɟɧɚɥɨɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ, ɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ, ɭɦɟɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɭɸ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ; ɭɦɟɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɢ, ɧɟ ɧɚɜɹɡɵɜɚɹ ɫɜɨɸ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɧɟ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɹɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɚɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɬɨɦ; ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɨɟɤ- ɬɨɦ ɞɟɥɨɜɨɣ, ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ; ɭɦɟɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟ- ɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ. ɉɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɪɚɛoɬɚ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ – ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ɗɬɨ ɩɭɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɨɛɨɝɨ ɫɬɢɥɹ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ- ɧɨɫɬɢ. Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, – ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɡɧɚɜɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɨɟ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ⱥɫɦɨɥɨɜ, Ⱥ. Ƚ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ. Ɉɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɤ ɦɵɫɥɢ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ / [Ⱥ. Ƚ. Ⱥɫɦɨɥɨɜ, Ƚ. ȼ. Ȼɭɪɦɟɧɫɤɚɹ, ɂ. Ⱥ. ȼɨɥɨɞɚɪɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɞɪ.]; ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. Ⱥ. Ƚ. Ⱥɫɦɨɥɨɜɚ. – Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 2010. – 152 ɫ.

109 2. ȼɨɪɨɧɰɨɜ, Ⱥ. Ȼ. ɉɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ / [Ⱥ. Ȼ. ȼɨɪɨɧɰɨɜ, ȼ. Ɇ. Ɂɚɫɥɚɜɫɤɢɣ, ɋ. ȼ. ȿɝɨɪɤɢɧɚ ɢ ɞɪ.]; ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. Ⱥ. Ȼ. ȼɨɪɨɧɰɨɜɚ. – Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 2010. – 176 ɫ. 3. Ƚɪɢɝɨɪɶɟɜ, Ⱦ. ȼ. ȼɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ / Ⱦ. ȼ. Ƚɪɢɝɨɪɶɟɜ, ɉ. ȼ. ɋɬɟɩɚ- ɧɨɜ. – Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 2010. – 223 ɫ. – (ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ). 4. ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ «ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ» Ⱦɠɨɧɚ Ⱦɶɸɢ [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]: ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ PSYCYJSEARCY. – Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: https://psychosearch.ru/teoriya/vospitanie/478-istoriya-i-osobennosti-metoda- proektov-dzhon-dyui.

ɍȾɄ 373.3 ɂ. Ȼ. Ʉɪɚɜɰɨɜɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 7», Ɇɚɪɢɢɧɫɤɢɣ ȽɈ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]

ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɍɍȾ

ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɦ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ʉɥɸ- ɱɟɜɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ.

ɇɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ, ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ.

I. B. Kravtsova, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «General Education School ʋ 7», the city of Mariinsk, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]

Possibilities of electronic learning resources for the development of the regulatory universal educational actions

Currently, the process of new knowledge emergence is accelerating causing a constant need for continuous improvement of the quality of education. Information competence plays a key role in solving these problems.

New opportunities, motivation, training, control.

Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɨɣ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ – ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɩɨɞɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɟɟ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɜ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ 110 ɦɟɧɹɸɳɟɦɫɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɧɟ- ɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɦ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɟɬɢ ɪɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ, ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ- ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɦɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɟ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ- ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ (ɗɈɊ) ɗɈɊ – ɷɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ, ɜɢɞɟɨɮɪɚɝɦɟɧ- ɬɵ, ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɚɪɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, ɡɜɭɤɨɡɚ- ɩɢɫɢ, ɫɢɦɜɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɢ ɞɟɥɨɜɚɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ, ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɢ ɢɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ (ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ), ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. ɋɚɦɵɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ – ɦɭɥɶ- ɬɢɦɟɞɢɚ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ. ȼ ɧɢɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɪɚɡ- ɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ: ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ, ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ, ɮɨɬɨ, ɜɢɞɟɨ, ɡɜɭɤɚ ɢ ɚɧɢ- ɦɚɰɢɢ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ; ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɡɚɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ. Ɇɭɥɶɬɢɦɟɞɢɚ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɧɟ ɡɚɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɢ, ɧɨ ɜ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ. ȼ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɦɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɈɈɉ ɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ «Ɉɬɥɢɱɧɢɤ». Ɉɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɦɚ- ɬɢɤɟ ɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɚ ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ, ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ, ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɭ ɹɡɵ- ɤɭ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɬɟɦɚɦ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ, ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ. ɗɬɨ ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɭ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɭɸ ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɭ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɨ- ɯɪɚɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɢ, ɷɬɨ ɞɚɺɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ. Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɫ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɠɭ 1–2 ɪɚɡɚ ɜ ɧɟɞɟɥɸ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɭɪɨɤɢ ɜ ɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ. ɋɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɭɪɨɤ ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɫɟ ɞɟɬɢ ɭɫɩɟɥɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɟ. ɇɨɜɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɨɬɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɡɚ ɩɚɪɬɚɦɢ. Ɂɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɩɨɞɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɢ ɩɟɱɚɬɚɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɥɢɫɬɚɯ ɩɥɸɫ ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɟ. Ɉɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɥɢɫɬɟ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢ ɡɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ. ɉɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ. Ⱦɟ- ɬɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɬ ɞɟɧɶ ɧɟ ɩɢɲɭɬ ɜ ɬɟɬɪɚɞɢ, ɡɚ ɭɪɨɤ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɫɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɞɜɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ (ɨɬ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɨɬ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ). ɇɨ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɫɫ ɧɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɟɧ. ɇɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɤ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɭ ɹ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɲɚɸ ɩɨ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɭɱɟɧɢ- ɤɭ. Ɉɧ ɪɟɲɚɟɬ ɤɚɪɬɨɱɤɭ ɡɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɦ ɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɚ. Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɭɞɨɛɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ, ɨɧ ɧɟ ɬɪɚɬɢɬ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɭ. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ «Ɉɬɥɢɱɧɢɤ» – ɯɨɪɨɲɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚ- 111 ɧɢɣ, ɭɦɟɧɢɣ, ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɣɞɟɧɧɵɦ ɬɟɦɚɦ ɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ. Ɇɨɢ ɞɟɬɢ ɡɚɧɢ- ɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ «Ɉɬɥɢɱɧɢɤ» ɫ ɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟɦ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɜɥɟ- ɤɚɟɬ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ, ɬ.ɤ. ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɫɜɨ- ɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. ȼɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɢɯ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɚɹ ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɚ, ɤɚɤ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɫ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ. Ɇɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ – ɡɚɞɚ- ɱɚ ɧɟ ɢɡ ɥɟɝɤɢɯ. ɋɨɡɞɚɬɟɥɢ ɫɚɣɬɚ «ɍɱɢ.ɪɭ» ɜɡɹɥɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɬɢɥɢ ɟɟ ɜ ɜɟɫɟɥɵɟ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɡɚɛɚɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɟɪ- ɫɨɧɚɠɚɦɢ. Ʌɸɛɨɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɚɣɬɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɝɥɚ- ɫɢɬɶ ɬɭɞɚ ɫɜɨɣ ɤɥɚɫɫ. Ɋɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɬɨɠɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ. Ʉɚɤ ɷɬɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɥɢ ɦɵ. ə ɡɚɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɥɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɚɣɬɟ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶ- ɬɚɬɟ ɤ ɤɨɧɰɭ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ 16 ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɩɪɨɲɥɢ ɜɟɫɶ ɤɭɪɫ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɵ ɨɛ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢ. ɍɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɹ ɞɨ- ɦɚɲɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ, ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. ɉɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬ ɞɢɚɥɨɝ ɫ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɦ. ȿɫɥɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɩɪɚ- ɜɢɥɶɧɨ, ɬɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɟɝɨ ɯɜɚɥɢɬ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɺɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ, ɟɫɥɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ ɨɲɢɛɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɜɟɬɟ, ɬɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɪɨɫɢɬ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɞɭɦɚɬɶ, ɥɢɛɨ ɡɚɞɚɺɬ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɭɬɨɱɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɟɦɭ ɩɪɢɣɬɢ ɤ ɜɟɪɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɲɟ- ɧɢɸ. ɉɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ. ȿɫɥɢ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɠɟɥɚɟɬ ɩɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ, ɧɚ ɤɚɤɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɬɨɬ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɭɱɟ- ɧɢɤ, ɬɨ ɨɧ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɱɤɭ. ɇɚ ɧɟɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɭ ɨɛ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɯ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɭɡɧɚɬɶ, ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɨ, ɤɨɝɞɚ, ɡɚ ɤɚɤɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɩɨ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɬɟɦɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɥ, ɤɚɤɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɦɵ ɜɵɡɜɚɥɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ ɫɞɟɥɚɥ, ɟɫɬɶ ɥɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɬ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɸ ɧɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɨɱɬɭ. ɗɬɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɭɞɨɛɧɨ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɭɜɢɞɟɬɶ, ɤɬɨ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɥɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɲɟɞɲɟɣ ɧɟɞɟɥɟ. ɍɱɢ.ɪɭ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɸ ɜɵɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɩɪɨ- ɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ. Ɂɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ ɩɨɥɭ- ɱɚɟɬ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɟɱɚɬɚɬɶ. Ⱥ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɝɪɚɞɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɚɦɢ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɦɨɢ ɞɟɬɢ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹ, ɹ ɜɟɥɚ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɭ ɢ ɜɵɜɟɲɢɜɚɥɚ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɤɭ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɫ ɞɨ- ɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ. Ⱦɟɬɢ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɟɠɟɞɧɟɜɧɨ ɧɚ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɧɢ ɨɬɫɬɚɸɬ ɢ ɧɚ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɧɭɥɢɫɶ ɜɩɟɪɺɞ ɢ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɫɚɦɵɟ ɭɫɟɪɞ- ɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥɢ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɜ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɞɨ- ɜɨɥɶɧɵ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɪɟɛɺɧɨɤ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɫɢɞɢɬ ɢ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ, ɚ ɧɚɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚɜɵɤ ɫɱɺɬɚ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɞɟɬɢ, ɭɱɚɫɶ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɥɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɬɪɟɬɢɣ ɤɥɚɫɫ. ɋɟɣɱɚɫ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɧɢ ɭɱɚɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɪɟ- ɬɶɟɦ, ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɞɟɥɚɸɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɡɚ 4 ɤɥɚɫɫ. ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɡɚ 5 ɤɥɚɫɫ. ɏɨɱɭ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɭɫɩɟɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟ- 112 ɦɚɬɢɤɟ ɜɵɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɩɨ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɠɟɥɚɸɳɢɯ, ɍɱɢ.ɪɭ. ɡɚɩɭɫ- ɤɚɟɬ ɨɥɢɦɩɢɚɞɵ. ɇɚɝɪɚɞɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɛɹɬ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɬɵ, ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɟ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɵ, ɦɭɥɶɬɮɢɥɶɦɵ. Ɋɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɛɥɚɝɨ- ɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɢɫɶɦɚ ɨɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ. Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɚ ɍɱɢ.ɪɭ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɦɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɧɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɩɟ- ɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɜ 5 ɤɥɚɫɫ. Ⱥ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɭɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ. ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɵ ɍɱɢ.ɪɭ: 1. «Ⱦɨɦɚɲɧɟɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ» – ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɨɦɚ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶ- ɡɭɹ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ ɢɥɢ ɩɥɚɧɲɟɬ. ɍɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɞɚɟɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢ- ɪɭɟɬ ɢɯ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ, ɨɬɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɭ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫ ɩɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɭɱɟ- ɧɢɤɭ. 2. «ɍɪɨɤ ɜ ɪɚɫɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ» – ɨɞɢɧ ɭɪɨɤ ɜ ɧɟɞɟɥɸ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɟ ɍɱɢ.ɪɭ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɭ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ. 3. «ɂɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɫɤɚ» - ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɞɨɫ- ɤɭ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɵ ɍɱɢ.ɪɭ ɢ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɬɟɦɭ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɭɱɟɧɢ- ɤɨɜ ɤ ɞɨɫɤɟ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɟ ɭ ɞɨɫɤɢ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɪ. ȿɫɬɶ ɟɳɺ ɨɞɧɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ «Ɂɧɚɣɤɚ». «Ɂɧɚɣɤɚ» – ɬɪɟɧɚɠɟɪ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɟɧɢ- ɤɨɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɟ. ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɫɨ- ɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɤɚɦɢ. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɸ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɥɢɦɩɢɚɞɚɯ. ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɟ ɹ ɢɫ- ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɧɚɠɺɪɵ. Ɉɧɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɩɪɨ- ɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ. Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ ɬɪɟɧɚɠɟɪɚ – ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɨɬ- ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɢ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɢɬɶ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ. Ɍɪɟ- ɧɚɠɺɪ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɜɚ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ: ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ. ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɟ- ɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ ɬɪɟɧɚɠɺɪɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɦ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɟ, ɩɪɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɣ ɬɟɫɬ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɚ ɬɟɫɬɨɜ. ɗɬɨɬ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪ – ɩɨɞɨɛɢɟ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ. ȼ ɤɨɧ- ɰɟ ɬɟɫɬɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɩɨɫɥɟ- ɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɟ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɚɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɢɬɶ. ə ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɫɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ. ɂ ɨɩɪɨɛɨɜɚɥɚ ɧɚ ɞɟɬɹɯ. Ɇɧɟ ɧɪɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɡɚ ɭɪɨɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɨɫɢɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ, ɧɟ ɬɪɚɬɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɭ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɭ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚɜɵ- 113 ɤɨɜ ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɢ, ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟ- ɧɢɟ. Ʉɚɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɡɚ ɤɨɦ- ɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɦ, ɢɝɪɚɹ ɜ ɢɝɪɵ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɹ ɜɢɞɟɨ. Ɍɚɤ ɩɭɫɬɶ ɨɧɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɷɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɣ.

ɍȾɄ 373.3 ɇ. ɂ. Ʉɭɡɶɦɢɧɵɯ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 6 ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɘɪɝɢ», Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. ȿ-mail: [email protected]

Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬ-ɤɚɪɬ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ

ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬ – ɤɚɪɬ. Ɉɩɢɫɚɧ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɷɬɚɩɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɪɬɵ.

ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨ-ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ, ɢɧ- ɬɟɥɥɟɤɬ ɤɚɪɬɚ, ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ.

N. I. Kuzminykh, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «Yurga General Education School ʋ 6, the city of Yurga», Kemerovo Region ȿ-mail: [email protected]

Ɍechnology of mind maps as a means of formation of universal educational actions

This article discusses an effective way of processing and organizing educational information, based on the technology of mind maps. The algorithm of work and stages of drawing up the map are described.

Primary school, systemic-activity approach, technology, mind map, universal educational actions.

ɇɚɱɚɥɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ – ɩɟɪɟɥɨɦɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ, ɯɚ- ɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɫɦɟɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɚ ɫɦɟɧɭ ɢɝɪɟ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬ ɭɱɟɧɢɟ. ɗɬɨ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɢ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɣ ɞɟɬɹɦ ɜɢɞ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ, ɤɚɤ ɜɫɺ ɧɨɜɨɟ ɢ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɟ, ɨɧ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɹɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɪɟɜɨɠ- ɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɡɚɧɢɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɢ. 114 Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɪɟɛɺɧɤɭ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɨɬɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɪɨɥɶ ɧɟ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ, ɚ ɨɛɭɱɚ- ɟɦɨɝɨ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɚɹ ɪɨɥɶ «ɧɟɡɧɚɣɤɢ ɢ ɧɟɭɦɟɣɤɢ», ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɸɳɢɟ ɢ ɭɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɟ ɧɚɭɱɚɬ ɜɫɟɦɭ. ɂ ɧɟɭɞɢɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɫɤɨɪɨ ɭ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ. ɇɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɬɚɤɭɸ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ: ɫɤɭɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɡɚ ɩɚɪ- ɬɨɣ, ɧɟɜɧɹɬɧɨ ɛɨɪɦɨɱɭɳɢɣ ɭ ɞɨɫɤɢ, ɧɟɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɯ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ, ɜɞɪɭɝ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ, ɤɚɤ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɥɵɲɢɬ ɡɜɨɧɨɤ ɫ ɭɪɨɤɚ. ɂ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɷɬɨɬ ɠɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ ɜɟɞɟɬ ɫɟɛɹ ɫɦɟɥɨ, ɪɟɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɡɜɨɧɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɥɨɫɚ. ȼ ɱɟɦ ɠɟ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɚ? Ɋɚɡ- ɧɢɰɚ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɚ: ɢɡ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɛɺɧɨɤ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɟɧɨ ɬɜɨɪɢɬɶ, ɩɨɪɨɠɞɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɨɟ. Ⱥ ɜɟɞɶ ɷɬɨ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɬɨ, ɛɟɡ ɱɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɋɟɛɟɧɤɭ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɧɟɨɛ- ɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɬɜɨɪɢɬɶ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɧ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɭɟɬɫɹ. ȼ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɮɟɞɟ- ɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚ- ɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ – ɪɚɡ- ɜɢɬɢɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ, ɟɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɤ ɭɱɟ- ɧɢɸ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ. Ɋɨɥɶ ɬɜɨɪɰɚ ɢ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɨɪɚ, ɚ ɧɟ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɹ ɨɬɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɭ. Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ – ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ: – ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ, ɝɞɟ ɫɚɦɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɜɡɚ- ɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ, ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɞɢɚɥɨɝ, ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ; – ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɱɟɛɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨ-ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ. ȼ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɵɲɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɦɧɟ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢ- ɨɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬ-ɤɚɪɬ. ɗɬɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɛɪɢɬɚɧɫɤɢɦ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨɦ, ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ «ɤɚɪɬɵ ɭɦɚ (ɩɚɦɹɬɢ)» Ɍɨɧɢ Ȼɶɸɡɟɧɨɦ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ 1960-ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ. ɂɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬ-ɤɚɪɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɨ-ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ, ɤɚɪɬɚ ɦɵɫɥɟɣ (ɨɬ ɚɧɝɥ. Mind map) – ɷɬɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬ-ɤɚɪɬɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧ- ɬɚɪɢɣ: ɥɢɫɬ ɛɭɦɚɝɢ, ɰɜɟɬɧɵɟ ɤɚɪɚɧɞɚɲɢ, ɮɥɨɦɚɫɬɟɪɵ. Ⱥ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɩɨɦɨɳɧɢ- ɤɨɦ, ɤɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ. Ⱥɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬ-ɤɚɪɬɵ. 1. ɍɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɛɟɪɭɬ ɥɢɫɬ ɛɭɦɚɝɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ Ⱥ 4 (ɟɫɥɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ) ɢɥɢ ɜɚɬɦɚɧ (ɟɫɥɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ). 2. Ʉɥɚɞɭɬ ɥɢɫɬ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ, ɜ ɟɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɫɥɨɜɨ, ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɳɟɟ ɬɟɦɭ, ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ ɭɪɨɤɚ (ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ). 3. Ɉɬ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɢɫɭɸɬ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɰɜɟɬɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɢ, ɧɚɞ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɪɚɡɛɨɪɱɢɜɨ ɩɨɞɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɧɢɦ ɩɨɧɹ- 115 ɬɢɹ, ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ. ɋɨɡɞɚɜɚɹ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬ-ɤɚɪɬɭ, ɪɟɛɹɬɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ, ɤɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɰɜɟɬɨɜ. 4. Ɉɬ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɢ ɪɢɫɭɸɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɧɤɢɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ – ɭɬɨɱ- ɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɣ. Ʉɚɤ ɹ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸ ɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɸ? ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢ- ɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɩɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬ-ɤɚɪɬ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸ ɫ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸ ɟɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɬɟ- ɦɵ. ɋɬɚɪɚɸɫɶ, ɞɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɝɨɬɨɜɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɤɚɪɬɵ, ɚ ɫɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɟ ɫ ɩɨ- ɦɨɳɶɸ «ɩɨɞɫɤɚɡɨɤ» ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ, ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɜ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɬɜɨɪ- ɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ. ɇɚɱɢɧɚɸ ɫ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɨɜ, ɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɸ ɜɵɪɟɡɤɚɦɢ ɢɡ ɞɟɬɫɤɢɯ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɝɚɡɟɬ. ȼɚɠɧɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɟɬɢ ɜɢɞɟɥɢ ɢ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɜɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɥɸɛɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢ. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɚɯ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɫ ɨɩɨɪɨɣ ɧɚ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ. Ʉɨɧɟɱɧɵɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬ-ɤɚɪɬɵ – ɷɬɨ ɝɪɭɩɩɨ- ɜɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨ ɢɯ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɸ. ɇɚɢɥɭɱɲɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɦ- ɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ, ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ, ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ. Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɣ ɪɚ- ɛɨɬɟ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɞɟɬɢ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɸɬ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ, ɭɱɚɬɫɹ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ, ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹ- ɸɬ ɪɨɥɢ, ɭ ɧɢɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɚɹ ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɚ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɹ ɨɬɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɭɠɟ «ɝɨɬɨɜɨɣ» ɢɧ- ɬɟɥɥɟɤɬ-ɤɚɪɬɵ. ɗɬɚ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵ- ɫɨɤɨɝɨ, ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɥɸɛɵɟ ɤɨɥɥɟɤ- ɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ, ɝɞɟ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢ- ɤɨɦ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɢ. Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɥɟɣ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ. ɇɚɩɪɢ- ɦɟɪ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɬɨɪ – ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɡɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɫɩɢɤɟɪ – ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɨɦ ɫ ɝɨɬɨɜɵɦ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ; ɤɪɢɬɢɤ – ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨ- ɩɨɥɨɠɧɭɸ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɜɨɰɢɪɭɟɬ ɜɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ; ɫɟɤɪɟɬɚɪɶ – ɨɮɨɪɦɥɹ- ɟɬ ɢɞɟɢ ɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ. Ƚɪɭɩɩɨɜɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸ ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ (ɧɚ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦ ɱɬɟɧɢɢ, ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɦ ɦɢɪɟ, ɈɊɄɋɗ). Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɧɚɜɵɤ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɪɨɱɧɨ, ɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɚ- ɝɚɸ ɞɟɬɹɦ ɫɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬ-ɤɚɪɬɭ. ɋɱɢɬɚɸ, ɱɬɨ ɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɦ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɢɧɬɟ- ɪɟɫɨɜ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ. Ȼɟɫɫɩɨɪɧɨ, ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬ-ɤɚɪɬ ɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢ- ɤɨɜ – ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɫɬɢɯɢɣɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ, ɚ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ, ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɣ ɧɟɦɚɥɵɯ ɭɫɢ- ɥɢɣ, ɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɭ- ɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬ-ɤɚɪɬ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɸ ɩɨɷɬɚɩɧɨ: ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ 116 ɩɚɦɹɬɤɢ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ; ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɜ ɩɚɪɟ, ɢ, ɧɚɤɨɧɟɰ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ. ɇɟɥɶɡɹ ɧɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬ – ɤɚɪɬɵ, ɷɬɨ: ɇɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɫɬɶ. ȼɫɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɚ ɫ ɟɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚɦɢ ɢ ɝɪɚɧɹɦɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɹɦɨ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɜɚɦɢ, ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɥɢɫɬɟ ɛɭɦɚɝɢ. ɉɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. ɂɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬ-ɤɚɪɬɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɹɪɤɨɣ, ɤɪɚɫɨɱ- ɧɨɣ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɟɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɢɹɬɧɨ. ɂ ɱɬɨ ɧɟɦɚɥɨ ɜɚɠɧɨ – ɟɟ ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ. Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɩɨɥɭɲɚ- ɪɢɣ ɦɨɡɝɚ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ ɢ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬ-ɤɚɪɬɚ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɡɚɩɨɦɢ- ɧɚɟɬɫɹ (ɪɢɫ.).

ɂɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ Ʉɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬ-ɤɚɪɬɚ

Ɋɢɫ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬ ɤɚɪɬɵ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɟ «ȼ ɝɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɨɫɟɧɢ» ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ 2 ɤɥɚɫɫ, ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɒɤɨɥɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ

Ɇɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɟ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɢ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɥɸɛɹɬ ɬɜɨɪɢɬɶ, ɚ ɦɨɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ – ɨɫɨ- ɛɟɧɧɨ. Ɍɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɸɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɤ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɭ, ɩɨɦɨɝɚ- ɸɬ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɛɳɟɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ- ɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ- ɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬ-ɤɚɪɬ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ. Ɉɧ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ- ɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ, ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ, ɜɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ, ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. Ʉɚɤ ɛɵ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɧɢ ɭɱɢɥɫɹ, ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɜ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧ ɬɚɥɚɧɬɥɢɜ ɢ ɭ ɧɟɝɨ ɜɫɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɫɹ. ȼɟɪɚ ɜ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɢ ɥɸɛɨɜɶ ɤ ɧɟɦɭ ɬɜɨɪɢɬ ɱɭɞɟɫɚ ɢ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ. ɂ ɤɚɤ ɧɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɒ. Ⱥ. Ⱥɦɨɧɚɲɜɢɥɢ: «ȿɫɥɢ ɯɨɱɟɲɶ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɞɟɬɹɯ ɫɦɟɥɨɫɬɶ ɭɦɚ, ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ, ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɭɸ ɱɟɪɬɭ, ɜɫɟɥɢɬɶ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɪɚɞɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɬɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɣ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɫɤɨɪɤɢ ɢɯ ɦɵɫɥɟɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨ- 117 ɜɚɥɢ, ɰɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɦɵɫɥɢ, ɞɚɣ ɢɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɟɛɹ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɜɥɚ- ɫɬɟɥɢɧɨɦ».

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ȼɟɪɲɚɞɫɤɢɣ, Ɇ. ȿ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ «Mind Maps» ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ] / Ɇ. ȿ. Ȼɟɪɲɚɞɫɤɢɣ, ȿ. Ⱥ. Ȼɟɪɲɚɞɫɤɚɹ. – Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: http://bershadskiy.ru/ 2. ɉɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. Ƚ. ɋ. Ʉɨɜɚɥɟɜɨɣ, Ɉ. Ȼ. Ʌɨɝɢɧɨɜɨɣ. – Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 2009. 3. ɉɪɢɦɟɪɧɚɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɪɟ- ɠɞɟɧɢɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]. ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ / ɫɨɫɬ. ȿ. ɋ. ɋɚɜɢɧɨɜ. – Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟ- ɧɢɟ, 2100.

ɍȾɄ 373.3 Ɉ. ɘ. ɉɨɩɨɜɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 37 ɢɦɟɧɢ ɇɨɜɢɤɨɜɚ Ƚɚɜɪɢɥɚ Ƚɚɜɪɢɥɨɜɢɱɚ», ɝ. Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɨ E-mail: [email protected]

Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ

ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨ- ɝɢɣ ɫ ɰɟɥɟɜɵɦɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɟɦ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜ- ɧɵɯ ɍɍȾ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ.

Ⱥɭɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ, ɝɨɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ, ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɞɢɚɥɨɝ, ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɹ, ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ.

O. Yu. Popova, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «Gavril G. Novikov General Education School ʋ 37», the city of Kemerovo E-mail:[email protected]

The complex of technologies for the formation of communicative universal educational actions in primary school children

The article presents a set of most demanded and relevant technologies with targets and tools for the diagnosis of communicative universal educational actions in younger learners. 118 Listening, interaction, group technologies, dialogue, discussion, communicative universal educational actions.

ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɜɫɟ ɨɫɬɪɟɟ ɜɫɬɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɞɟɬɢ, ɩɪɢ- ɲɟɞɲɢɟ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɤɥɚɫɫ, ɭɦɟɸɬ ɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɢ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɜɥɚɞɟɸɬ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢ- ɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɹɦɢ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɲɤɨɥɵ – ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶ ɞɟ- ɬɟɣ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɚɬɶ, ɞɨɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ, ɨɬɫɬɚɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɉɪɢ- ɦɟɪɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɇɈɈ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬ- ɧɵɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɍɍȾ. ɇɚɱɚɥɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɱɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɪɚɧ- ɧɢɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɨɧɬɨɝɟɧɟɡɚ. ȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɬɪɢ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ – ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ, ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɢɨɪɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɍɍȾ, ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɢɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ, ɭɱɟɬ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɚ ɩɨ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɸ ɢɥɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɶ ɢ ɜɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɜ ɞɢɚɥɨɝ, ɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɨɥɥɟɤ- ɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɫɜɟɪɫɬ- ɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɨ ɫɜɟɪɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɜɡɪɨɫ- ɥɵɦɢ. ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɄɍɍȾ, ɜɵɞɟɥɢɦ ɬɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚɦɢ, ɞɢɚ- ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ ɢ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɭɦɟɥɨɦ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞ- ɫɬɜɟ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɍɍȾ: 1. ɋɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ – ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ. 2. Ⱦɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɡɚ- ɞɚɱɢ, ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɢɫɤɨɜɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɺɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɪɟɱɢ. 3. Ⱦɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ. 4. ɑɚɫɬɵɟ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɣ. 5. ɍɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ. 6. ɉɨɨɳɪɟɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɭɞɚɱɧɵɣ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ, ɭɞɚɱɧɭɸ ɪɟɩɥɢɤɭ, ɭɞɚɱɧɨɟ ɜɵɫɤɚ- ɡɵɜɚɧɢɟ. ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɜɵɲɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɎȽɈɋ ɇɈɈ, ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɟɝɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɄɍɍȾ: ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɢ, ɞɟɥɨɜɵɟ ɢɝɪɵ. 119 ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ – ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ ɨɩɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɦ ɜɢɞɚɦ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ: ɚɭɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɝɨɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ, ɱɬɟɧɢɟ, ɩɢɫɶɦɨ. ɐɟɥɶ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ – ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ. ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭ- ɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɟ, ɩɨɛɭɠɞɚɟɬ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢɫɤɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɭɫɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɚɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɍɍȾ. Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ – ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɚ- ɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɱɭɠɨɣ ɢ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ. Ⱦɟɥɨɜɵɟ ɢɝɪɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɦɟɠɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ, ɪɟɲɟ- ɧɢɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɱɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɧɟ ɜɫɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨ- ɝɢɣ (ɷɬɨ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜ- ɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ) ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚ- ɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɍɍȾ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ, ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɎȽɈɋ ɇɈɈ. ȼ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɰɟɥɟɜɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɬɟɯ- ɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ).

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɐɟɥɟɜɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɍɍȾ

ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ Ⱦɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɍɍȾ Ʉɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ (ɚɫɩɟɤɬ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ) Ƚɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ Ɋɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɚɪɟ Ƚ. ȼ. Ȼɭɪɦɟɧɫɤɨɣ Ƚɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɋɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɦ «ɋɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɚɹ ɫɨɪɬɢ- ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɪɨɜɤɚ» Ʉɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɦɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɷɬɢɤɟɬɚ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɫ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɟɣ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ, ɜɵɛɨɪ ɫɨɰɢɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ, ɫɨ- ɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɰɢ- ɚɥɶ ɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ (ɚɫɩɟɤɬ ɷɬɢɤɢ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ) Ⱦɟɥɨɜɵɟ ɢɝɪɵ ɋɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɷɬɢɤɟɬɚ: ɇɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ, ɩɪɨɳɚɬɶɫɹ, ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɢɬɶ 120 ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ Ⱦɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɍɍȾ Ʉɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɱɟɬ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɫɨɛɟ- ɫɟɞɧɢɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɚ (ɚɫɩɟɤɬ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ) ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɋɥɭɲɚɬɶ ɢ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɪɟɱɶ Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ Ɉɬɜɟɱɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɭɱɢ- Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɢ ɬɟɥɹ ɢɨɞɧɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɨɜ Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ «Ⱦɨɪɨɝɚ ɤ Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɢ ɍɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɟ ɧɚ ɞɨɦɭ» (ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢ- ɭɪɨɤɟ ɢ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɟ ɜɪɟ- ɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɦɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ «Ⱥɪɯɢ- Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɢ ȼɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɬɟɤɬɨɪ-ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶ») ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ, ɩɨ- ɫɬɭɩɤɢ ɂɄɌ ɑɢɬɚɬɶ ɜɫɥɭɯ ɢ ɩɪɨ ɫɟɛɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɵ ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɨɜ, ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɂɬɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ- ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ- ɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ Ɉ.Ȼ. Ʌɨ- ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɤɧɢɝ, ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɝɢɧɨɜɚ, ɋ. Ƚ. əɤɨ- ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɧɧɨɟ ɜɥɟɜɚ

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ⱥɜɞɟɟɜɚ, ȿ. ɂ. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɍɍȾ: ɨɬ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɢ- ɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɤ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ] / ȿ. ɂ. Ⱥɜɞɟɟɜɚ, Ʌ. Ɋ. ɋɚɭɛɚɧɨɜɚ. // ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɟɫɬɧɢɤ. 2016. – 5 ɫ. – Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/v/formirovanie- kommunikativnyh-uud-ot-uchebnogo-vzaimodeystviya-k-sotrudnichestvu – (Ⱦɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ: 13.03.2018). 2. Ⱥɧɢɫɢɦɨɜɚ, ɇ. ɉ. ɢ ɞɪ. Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ 1 ɢ 2 ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ. [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ] / ɇ. ɉ. Ⱥɧɢɫɢɦɨɜɚ, ȿ. Ȼ. Ȼɚɥɭɟɜɚ, ɋ. ɋ. Ʉɪɵɥɨɜɚ, Ɍ. Ɇ. Ʉɪɚɣɧɨɜɚ, Ⱥ. Ɇ. Ɏɚɥɢɧɚ // ɋɚɧɤɬ- ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɟɫɬɧɢɤ. – 2016. – ɫ. 7 – Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/v/otsenka-dostizheniya-metapredmetnyh- rezultatov-obuchayuschihsya-1-i-2-klassov -(Ⱦɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ: 2.02.2018). 3. Ȼɚɪɚɧɨɜɚ, Ⱥ. ɋ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɍɍȾ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɭɸ ɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ- ɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ] / Ⱥ. ɋ. Ȼɚɪɚɧɨɜɚ // ɋɢɦɜɨɥ ɧɚɭɤɢ. 2015. ʋ 92. – 2 ɫ. – Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/razvitie-kommunikativnyh-uud- cherez-gruppovuyu-deyatelnost-na-urokah-literaturnogo-chteniya-v- nachalnoy-shkole – (Ⱦɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ: 11.12.2017). 4. Ⱦɚɧɢɥɨɜ, Ⱦ. Ⱦ. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ (ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɭɫɩɟɯɨɜ) ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ⱦ. Ⱦ. Ⱦɚɧɢɥɨɜ // Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ: ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ. – Ɇ.: Ȼɚɥɚɫɫ, 2008. – ɋ. 90–115.

121 ɍȾɄ 373.3 Ʌ. ɘ. Ɋɚɡɝɨɧɹɟɜɚ, ɫɬ. ɦɟɬɨɞɢɫɬ ɩɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɆɈȽȺɍ ȾɉɈ «ɂɊɈɢɉɄɉɄ», ɝ. Ɇɚɝɚɞɚɧ, ɊɎ ȿ-mail: [email protected]

ɉɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ

ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ- ɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ. ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚ- ɟɬɫɹ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɭɱɢ- ɬɟɥɹ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɪɟ- ɛɟɧɤɚ.

ɉɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚ- ɬɢɜɧɵɣ, ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ, ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢ- ɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ, ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɣ, ɫɨɰɢɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɟ- ɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ.

L. Yu. Razgonyaeva, Senior methodology teacher for primary education Magadan Regional Public Autonomous Institution of Further Professional Education «Institute for the Education Development and Teachers’ Further Training», the city of Magadan ȿ-mail: [email protected]

Project activities as a form of educational work

Innovations in education currently require a change in the attitude of teachers and learners to their activities. The article discusses the implementation of the project method in the practice of teacher’s pedagogical work, shows the classification of project types and its role in the development of a child.

Project activities, educational activities, communicative, intellectual and evaluative indicators, personality-oriented, communicative-cognitive, socio- cultural and competence-based approaches.

Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɭɱɢ- ɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚɯ ɤ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ, ɜ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɤ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ, ɤ ɨɬɛɨɪɭ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ, ɦɟɬɨ- ɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɦ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ- ɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɤ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬ-

122 ɫɹ: ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ, ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ, ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɤɨɝɧɢ- ɬɢɜɧɵɣ, ɫɨɰɢɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ. Ʌɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɜ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɱɺɬɟ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɨɩɨ- ɪɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɩɨɫɬɚ- ɧɨɜɤɟ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɜ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɮɨɪɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ. ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɎȽɈɋ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ- ɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɫɚɦɢ ɡɧɚ- ɧɢɹ, ɚ ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɢɯ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɝɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɭɱɚ- ɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɢɫɤ, ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ. ɇɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɢɧ- ɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ, ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɥɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɯ ɦɟɫɬ ɜ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ. ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɟɤ- ɬɨɜ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ, ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ; ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟ- ɦɵɯ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ. ȼ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɲɢɪɨɤɚɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɰɟɥɶ – ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɪɚɡ- ɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɜ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧ- ɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɢɥɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɛ- ɪɚɡɚ ɤɚɤ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶ ɞɟ- ɬɟɣ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɶ, ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɢ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɟɡɭɥɶ- ɬɚɬɵ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɚ- ɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɧɨ-ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ. Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ – ɷɬɨ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɜ, ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɗɬɨ ɩɭɬɶ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ, ɟɫɥɢ ɦɵ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɦ ɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ, ɬɨ ɢɦɟɟɦ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɚɡɪɚ- ɛɨɬɤɭ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɢɬɶɫɹ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɦ, ɨɫɹɡɚɟ- ɦɵɦ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ, ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɬɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɶ, ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɢ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢ- 123 ɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɧɨ-ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ. Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ – ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɭɸ, ɩɚɪɧɭɸ, ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɭɸ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɬ- ɪɟɡɤɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ. ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɠɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢ- ɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɭɸ, ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ: ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ; ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɹ (ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ) ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɷɫɤɢɡɚ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɞɟɬɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ; ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɠɟɫɬɤɚɹ ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɹ ɫɪɨɤɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ; ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɪɟɡɭɥɶ- ɬɚɬɨɜ; ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ – ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ; ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɫ ɢɯ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɨɦ ɢ ɤɨɪ- ɪɟɤɰɢɟɣ; ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɟɝɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɟɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ. ȼɧɭɬɪɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɧɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɫɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ. Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɧɢ ɬɪɭɞɹɬɫɹ ɧɚɞ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨ- ɛɥɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨ-ɧɨɜɨɦɭ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ. ȼ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɞɚɺɬɫɹ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɧɚɥɚɞɢɬɶ ɞɢɚɥɨɝ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɦ, ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɣ ɨɬ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɡɢɞɚɧɢɹ (Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1). ȼɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ, ɫ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɢ ɝɨɬɨɜɵ ɤ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ? Ɉɰɟɧɢɜɚɹ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɭ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ, ɤɚɤ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ (ɫɩɪɚɲɢɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɜɵ- ɹɫɧɹɬɶ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɛɟɫɟɞɧɢɤɚ, ɜɵɪɚɠɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɟ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ, ɞɨɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ) ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɧɚ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ; ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ: ɨɫɜɨɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɹɞɚ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɜ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ (ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ, ɜɵɱɥɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɳɟ- ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚ, ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ); ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ: ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɞɧɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɨɜ – ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨ-ɭɱɟɛɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ 5 ɤɥɚɫɫɚ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ: ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ – ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɝɪɭɩɩ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ (ɬɚɤɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ 3–5 ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ); ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ – ɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɫɩɥɨɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɚ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɷɬɨ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨ- ɜɚɧɢɸ ɭ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ;

124 ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨ-ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ – ɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɩɪɟɞ- ɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ, ɞɟɬɢ ɫ ɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜ ɩɪɨɟɤ- ɬɚɯ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɚɦɢ ɭɜɢɞɟɬɶ «ɫɥɚɛɵɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ» ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɬɚɤɨɜɵɟ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ. ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɦɢɧɢ-ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ. ȼɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɨɧɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɩɫɢɯɨɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢ- ɬɢɹ ɩɨɞɪɨɫɬɤɨɜ ɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɢɝɪɨɜɨɣ, ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ. ȼɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟ- ɦɟɧɢ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɛɵɫɬɪɭɸ ɢɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ. ȼ-ɬɪɟɬɶɢɯ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɢɯ ɜɨɩɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɡɞɚɸɳɭɸ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟ- ɫɤɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ɉɪɨɟɤɬ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɵɯ ɮɚɤ- ɬɚɯ ɢ ɜ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɦɭ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ. ɉɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɢɧɢ-ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɢɞɨɜ: ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ, ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ, ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ, ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɟ. ȼɢɞ ɦɢɧɢ-ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ: ɨɬ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ, ɨɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɨɬ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɟɛ- ɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ. Ʉɚɤ ɭɠɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ, ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɛ- ɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ – ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɚ ɬɨ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɚɹ, ɱɟɦ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɇɚɛɨɪ «ɬɢ- ɩɢɱɧɵɯ» ɮɨɪɦ ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ, ɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɹ, ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧ, ɚ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɵɣ ɩɨɥɟɬ ɮɚɧɬɚɡɢɢ (ɜ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɫ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɧɬɨɜ – ɚɪɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ, ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪɫɤɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɬ. ɩ.) ȼɢɞɵ ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ: ɞɟɥɨɜɚɹ ɢɝɪɚ, ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɜɢɞɟɨɮɢɥɶɦɚ – ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɨɫ- ɧɨɜɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ, ɞɢɚɥɨɝ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɥɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɟɣ, ɢɝɪɚ ɫ ɡɚɥɨɦ, ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɜ, ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧ- ɬɨɜ, ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ, ɷɩɨɯ, ɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɣ, ɢɧɫɰɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɦɵɲɥɟɧ- ɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ, ɧɚɭɱɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹ, ɨɬɱɟɬ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ- ɫɤɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɟɞɢɰɢɢ, ɩɪɟɫɫ-ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹ, ɩɭɬɟɲɟɫɬɜɢɟ, ɪɟɤɥɚɦɚ, ɪɨɥɟɜɚɹ ɢɝɪɚ, ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɩɟɤɬɚɤɥɶ, ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɢɝɪɚ, ɬɟɥɟɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ, ɷɤɫɤɭɪɫɢɹ. ȼ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɮ- ɮɟɤɬ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɚɦɢɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ: ɞɟɬɢ ɭɱɚɬɫɹ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɢɡɥɚ- ɝɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɦɵɫɥɢ, ɢɞɟɢ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɹ ɪɟ- 125 ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɢ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶ- ɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɜɤɥɚɞɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ. Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɟɬɢ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɤɚɤ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɨɧɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɢ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢ- ɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɢ- ɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɨɩɥɨɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ. ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ: ɤɪɚɬɤɨ, ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɨɥɧɨ ɢ ɥɚɤɨɧɢɱɧɨ (ɭɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɹɫɶ ɜ 10–12 ɦɢ- ɧɭɬ) ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɨ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ; ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ, ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɭ ɰɟɥɢ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ, ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɭɬɶ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ; ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɯɨɞ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɫɩɨ- ɫɨɛɚ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ; ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ; ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɯɨɞ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ; ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɫɚɦɨɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɬɟɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦ, ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɬɵɫɤɢɜɚɬɶ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ. ɉɪɨɟɤɬɵ ɥɢɛɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɧɨ ɜɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ, ɥɢɛɨ ɜɵ- ɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ. Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ: ɪɚɡ- ɜɢɬɢɟ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɣ, ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɢɯ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ; ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɭ- ɝɨɡɨɪɚ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ; ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɞɟɪɫɤɢɯ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ; ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ, ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɦɟɬɨɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɧɨɜɵɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ, ɩɪɢ- ɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɟɳɟ ɪɚɡ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ ɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨ- ɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɎȽɈɋ. ɂ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɟɪɟɣɬɢ ɧɚ ɎȽɈɋ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ, ɧɭɠɧɵ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨ ɡɧɚɸɬ ɫɜɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ, ɜɥɚɞɟɸɬ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. ȼɨɪɨɧɰɨɜ, Ⱥ. Ȼ. ɉɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ⱥ. Ȼ. ȼɨ- ɪɨɧɰɨɜ. – Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 2010. 2. Ƚɨɧɢɤ, ɂ. Ʌ. ɢ ɞɪ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɷɬɚɩɵ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɜɭɡɚ ɧɚ ɎȽɈɋ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɂ. Ʌ. Ƚɨɧɢɤ, Ⱥ. ȼ. Ɏɟɬɢɫɨɜ, ȼ. ɇ. ɉɨɞɥɟɫɧɨɜ, ȿ. Ɋ. Ⱥɧɞɪɨɫɸɤ, ȿ. ȼ. ɋɬɟ- ɝɚɱɟɜ. – ɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɹ ȼɨɥɝȽɌɍ, 2015. – ʋ 8.

126 3. Ƚɨɫɩɨɞɧɢɤɨɜɚ, Ɇ. Ʉ. ɢ ɞɪ. ɉɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ɇ. Ʉ. Ƚɨɫɩɨɞɧɢɤɨɜɚ, ɇ. Ȼ. ɉɨɥɹɧɢɧɚ, ȿ. ɂ. ɋɚɦɨɯɜɚɥɨɜɚ. – ȼɨɥ- ɝɨɝɪɚɞ, 2007. 4. Ȼɚɪɵɲɧɢɤɨɜɚ, ɋ. ɉ., Ⱦɨɪɨɮɟɟɜɚ, ɂ. ɘ. ɉɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬ- ɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɎȽɈɋ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɋ. ɉ. Ȼɚɪɵɲɧɢɤɨ- ɜɚ, ɂ. ɘ. Ⱦɨɪɨɮɟɟɜɚ. – ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɟɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: http://nsportal.ru/shkola/materialy-k-attestatsii/library/ 2014/01/27/ professionalnaya-kompetentnost-uchitelya-v. 5. ɉɨɥɢɜɚɧɨɜɚ, Ʉ. ɇ. ɉɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ / Ʉ. ɇ. ɉɨɥɢɜɚɧɨɜɚ. – Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 2008. 6. Ʉɚɲɤɚɪɨɜɚ, ɇ. ɢ ɞɪ. ɉɪɨɟɤɬɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢ- ɤɨɜ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɇ. Ʉɚɲɤɚɪɨɜɚ, Ɉ. Ʌɚɜɪɭɲɤɨ, ȼ. ɑɭɞɨɜ // ɇɚɪɨɞɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ- ɧɢɟ. – 2005. – ʋ 5.

ɍȾɄ 373.31 Ɍ. ȼ. Ɋɭɛɰɨɜɚ, Ɉ. ɗ. ɑɟɪɧɵɲɟɜɚ, ȿ. Ƚ. Ʉɚɡɚɪɰɟɜɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 1», Ʉɚɥɬɚɧɫɤɢɣ ȽɈ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ. ɗɬɨɦɭ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ, ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɝɚɪɦɨ- ɧɢɱɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɚɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ.

ɍɱɟɧɢɤ, ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ, ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ.

T. V. Rubtsova, O. E. Chernysheva, E. G. Kazartseva, Municipal Budgetary General Educational Institution «General Education School ʋ 1», the city of Kaltan, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Modern educational technologies in providing high-quality education

The main goal of primary school is the development of personality. It is facili- tated by the using of the modern educational technologies including information

127 technologies. The result is increasing learners’ activity in class, boosting interest in the subjects and forming a harmonious personality.

School children, knowledge, technology, personality.

«ȼɫɹ ɝɨɪɞɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɯ, ɜ ɪɨɫɬɟ ɩɨɫɟɹɧɧɵɯ ɢɦ ɫɟɦɹɧ». Ⱦ. ɂ. Ɇɟɧɞɟɥɟɟɜ

Ɉɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ – ɷɬɨ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɫɚɦɨɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɠɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɸɛɵɟ, ɞɚɠɟ ɫɚɦɵɟ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ, ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɞɜɢɝɢ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ, ɟɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɤ ɭɱɟɧɢɸ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ. ɉɟɪɟɞ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɰɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɚɬɶ ɞɟɬɹɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɭɦɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚɜɵɤɢ, ɧɨ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ, ɬ.ɟ. ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɟ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ, ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɦɟɬɨɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ, ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ, ɢɝɪɨɜɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɡɞɨɪɨ- ɜɶɟɫɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɢɟ, ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɝɪɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɛɭ- ɱɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɭɱɺɬɨɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚ- ɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ. ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɭɸ, ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɸ ɨɛɭ- ɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ, ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɸ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ. ȼ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɤɥɭɛ «ɍɦɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɭɦɧɢɰɵ». Ɏɨɪɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɤɥɭɛɟ ɞɚɸɬ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ. ɍɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɞɨɛɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ, ɨɛɥɚɫɬɧɵɯ, ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ, ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹɯ; ɹɜ- ɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɛɟɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɯ ɨɥɢɦɩɢɚɞ, ɨɛɥɚɫɬɧɵɯ, ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɯ, ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɯ, ɦɟɠɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɚɯ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɶ ɭ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ 2017–2018 ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦ ɝɨɞɭ ɭɱɚ- ɳɢɟɫɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ, ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɵɟ ȼɟ- ɥɢɤɨɣ Ɉɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɟ «ɍ ɜɨɣɧɵ ɧɟ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ», ɨɫɟɧɢ «Ɉɫɟɧɧɢɣ

128 ɷɤɫɩɪɟɫɫ». ȼ 2018–2019 ɝ. ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ «Ⱦɭɲɚ ɦɨɹ – ɫɩɭɬɧɢɰɚ ɫ ɧɟɠɧɵɦɢ ɤɪɵɥɚɦɢ», ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɪɹɞ ɦɟɪɨ- ɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ: ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ ɧɚ ɯɨɥɫɬɟ «Ɋɭɫɶ ɦɨɹ ȼȿɅɂɑȺȼȺə», ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɦɢɧɢ- ɦɭɡɟɹ «ɉɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɫɬɚɪɢɧɵ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɣ», ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨ-ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɢ ɞɪ. ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɟɣ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ, ɝɢɩɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɢ, ɞɨɫɭɝɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɫɺ ɱɚɳɟ ɨɬɞɚɺɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɭ ɜɢɞɟɨɮɢɥɶɦɨɜ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɦ ɢɝɪɚɦ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟɫɛɟɪɟɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɦ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟɫɛɟɪɟɝɚɸɳɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨ- ɥɨɝɢɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ȼ. Ɏ. Ȼɚɡɚɪɧɨɝɨ. ɇɚ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɢ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɟ «ɋɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟɫɛɟɪɟɝɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɢ ɞɨɦɚ» (2018 ɝ.) ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ: ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɩɨɫɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧɚ, ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɚɭɡɵ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ, ɪɨɫɬ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ, ɩɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɢɯ ɡɨɥɨɬɵɟ ɢ ɫɟɪɟɛɪɹɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɤɢ ȽɌɈ, ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɟɤɰɢɣ («Ȼɚɫɤɟɬɛɨɥ», «ɒɚɯɦɚɬɵ», «Ʌɵɠɢ», «ɉɢɨɧɟɪɛɨɥ», «ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɚɧɟɰ», «ɒɤɨɥɚ ɑɟɪɥɢɞɢɧɝɚ» ɢ ɞɪ.). Ⱦɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɈȼɁ ɪɟɚ- ɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ «ɉɭɬɟɲɟɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɨ ɬɪɨɩɟ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ». ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɩɨɡ- ɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɤɨɦɩɟ- ɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ. Ʉɚɛɢɧɟɬɵ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤ- ɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚɦɢ, ɦɢɧɢ-ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɹɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɚɦɢ, ɟɫɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɫɬɨɥ. 100 % ɨɛɭ- ɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɭ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ, ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. Ʉɭɪ- ɫɨɜɚɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɉɄ ɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ «Intel». Ɉɛɭ- ɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ» ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ. ɋ 2011 ɝɨɞɚ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɜɟɞɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ 2.0. ɢ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɟ «ɒɤɨɥɚ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɟɤɚ». ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɭɸɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɧɚ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ- ɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɟ «ȼɢɪɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɆɈ», ɪɚɡɦɟɳɺɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɚɣɬɟ. Ⱦɥɹ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɢ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɭɱɢɬɟ- ɥɹɦɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɵ ɍɱɢ.ɪɭ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ, ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦ.

129 ɍȾɄ 376 ɇ. Ⱥ. ɋɚɦɨɲɤɢɧɚ, ɇ. Ⱥ. ɉɟɪɟɥɵɝɢɧɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɚɡɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 7», Ɇɵɫɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ȽɈ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. ȿ-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫ ɈȼɁ

ɋɬɚɬɶɹ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬ- ɤɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦ ɫ ɭɱɟ- ɬɨɦ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫ ɈȼɁ.

Ⱥɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ, ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ, ɞɟɬɢ ɫ ɈȼɁ.

N. A. Samoshkina, N. A. Perelygina, Municipal State-Owned Educational Institution «Special Remedial School ʋ 7», the city of Myski, Kemerovo Region ȿ-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

Standardized tests for students with disabilities

The article is devoted to the topical issue of development of the standardized assessment tests in school subjects taking into account peculiarities of students with special needs.

Adapted basic education program, expected results, children with disabilities.

ɋ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɦ ɧɚ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɦɟ- ɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨ-ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɹ. Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɭɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ, ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨ- ɥɹɟɬ ɨɬɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ: ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ, ɜɢɞɵ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨ- ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ. Ɂɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɜɡɹɥɢ ɍɆɄ «ɒɤɨɥɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ», ɭɱɥɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɨɣ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ. 130 Ɋɚɛɨɬɚɹ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɝɟɧɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ – ɞɟɬɢ ɫ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɨɣ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ Ⱥɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɎȽɈɋ ɇɈɈ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɈȼɁ. Ɂɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɜɡɹɥɢ ɍɆɄ «ɒɤɨɥɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ», ɭɱɥɢ ɨɫɨ- ɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɨɣ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ. ȼ ɍɆɄ ɜɯɨ- ɞɹɬ ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɢ, ɪɚɛɨɱɢɟ ɬɟɬɪɚɞɢ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨ-ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ. ɇɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɍɆɄ, ɧɚɰɟɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟ- ɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ «ȼɵɩɭɫɤɧɢɤ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ (ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ), ɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫ ɈȼɁ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɦɭ ɭɪɨɜ- ɧɸ, ɬ.ɟ. ɫɨɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɦ «ȼɵɩɭɫɤɧɢɤ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɫɹ» Ⱥɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼɫɟ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɍɆɄ. Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱ- ɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɭ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɱɢ, ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫ- ɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ, ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨ- ɫɬɢ ɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ, ɱɬɨ ɢɦ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɩɪɚɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɡɚ ɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɱɬɟɧɢɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɨɤ ɢ ɬ. ɞ. Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɛɭɱɚ- ɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫ ɈȼɁ, ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨ-ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɜɯɨɞɹ- ɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɍɆɄ «ɒɤɨɥɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ». ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ – ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɡɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ- ɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ: ɡɚ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɶ, ɡɚ ɝɨɞ. Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɛɵɥɢ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɡɚɞɟɪɠ- ɤɨɣ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ. ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ 2, 3, 4 ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶ- ɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ. Ɉɧɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɭɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɸ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɨɛɭ- ɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ. ɉɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɫɹ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɬɪɟɜɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɛɨɹɡɧɢ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ, ɢ ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ – ɪɨɫɬɭ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ. ɐɟɥɶɸ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɡɚ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɶ, ɩɨɥɭɝɨɞɢɟ, ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɝɨɞ. ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ – 5 ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɫ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɦ ɨɬɜɟɬɚ. Ɉɧɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟ- ɧɵ ɧɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ, ɤɨ- ɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɥɭɠɚɬ ɨɩɨɪɨɣ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɫ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɦ 131 «ȼɵɩɭɫɤɧɢɤ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɫɹ». ɉɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɭ: ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ, ɬɟɪɦɢɧɵ, ɮɚɤɬɵ. Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ 1 ɛɚɥɥ. Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɦ, ɟɫɥɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ ɜɵɛɪɚɥ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɚ. Ʉɚɠɞɨɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɤɪɚɬɤɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɭ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɫɥɨɠ- ɧɵɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɨɬɜɟɬɚ, ɬ.ɤ. ɭ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɰɟɧ- ɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ, ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɹ 6 ɢ 7 – ɫ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɦ ɤɪɚɬɤɢɦ ɨɬɜɟɬɨɦ. Ɉɧɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɩɪɨɜɟ- ɪɢɬɶ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɱɧɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɚ ɢ ɚɪɝɭ- ɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ, ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɬɶ ɫɦɵɫɥ, ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ, ɢɡɥɚɝɚɬɶ ɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ, ɨɛɨɛɳɚɬɶ, ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɭɫɬɚ- ɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɧɨ-ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ. Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɨɫɹɬ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɨɛɴ- ɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɫɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɩɪɚɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ, ɡɚɬɪɚɱɢ- ɜɚɹ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ. Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɹ 6, 7 ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɫ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ, ɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ 2 ɛɚɥɥɚ. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ. ȼ ɬɪɟɬɶɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɨ ɬɪɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ. Ɉɧɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ, ɬ.ɤ. ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɞɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɵɣ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɧɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜ- ɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ. ɂɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɱɟɜɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɧɚ- ɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ. ɇɨ, ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɣ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫ ɁɉɊ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɟɥɢɤ – ɨɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ, ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɪɟ- ɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɢɦɵɟ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɨ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɷɬɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɧɟ- ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ, ɬ.ɤ. ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɡɹɬɵ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɞɟ- ɥɚ «ȼɵɩɭɫɤɧɢɤ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ (ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ)». Ʉɚɠɞɨɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɫɹ ɜ 3 ɛɚɥɥɚ. ɋɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɚ- ɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɦ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɜ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ. Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɝɨɞɚ. Ƚɪɚɮɢɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɨɝɨɟ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ. Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨɞɨ- ɛɪɚɧ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ 35 ɦɢɧɭɬ. Ɂɚ ɷɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɟɺ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɢ ɧɨɪɦɵ: 1 ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ – ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɧɵɣ – 0–8 ɛɚɥɥɨɜ, ɨɬ 0 % ɞɨ 49 %, ɨɬɦɟɬɤɚ «2» 2 ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ – ɛɚɡɨɜɵɣ – 9–12 ɛɚɥɥɨɜ, ɨɬ 50 % ɞɨ 67 %, ɨɬɦɟɬɤɚ «3» 3 ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ – ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɣ – 13–15 ɛɚɥɥɨɜ, ɨɬ 68 % ɞɨ 84 %, ɨɬɦɟɬɤɚ «4» 4 ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ – ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ – 16–18 ɛɚɥɥɨɜ, ɨɬ 85 % ɢ ɜɵɲɟ, ɨɬɦɟɬɤɚ «5» 132 Ɉɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɫɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɭ ɧɚɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɛɚɥɥɨɜ ɨɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɛɚɥɥɨɜ. ɗɬɨ ɞɚɟɬ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɭɸ, ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɭɸ ɢ ɝɢɛ- ɤɭɸ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɭ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ ɎȽɈɋ ɩɨɡ- ɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɍɍȾ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɢɫ- ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ ɍɆɄ «ɒɤɨɥɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ». Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɧɨɫɹɬ ɤɨɦ- ɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɬ ɨɞɧɨ- ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɟ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɍɍȾ. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɞɨɛɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɸ ɩɪɟɞ- ɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ: “Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɭ”, “ȼɟɞɨ- ɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɭ”. ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚ- ɬɨɜ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɜɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɲɤɨɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɚ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ⱦɟɦɢɞɨɜɚ, Ɇ. ɘ. Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ. – 3ɟ ɢɡɞ. [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ɇ. ɘ. Ⱦɟɦɢɞɨɜɚ, ɋ. ȼ. ɂɜɚɧɨɜ, Ɉ. Ⱥ. Ʉɚɪɚɛɚɧɨɜɚ ɢ ɞɪ. – Ɇ. : ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 2011. – 215 ɫ. 2. ɀɭɤɨɜɚ, Ⱥ. ɋ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]. – Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: https://www.scienceforum.ru/2014/427/2661.

ɍȾɄ 373.3 Ɋ. Ɇ. ɋɭɜɟɪɨɜɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ȿɥɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ», ɇɨɜɨɤɭɡɧɟɰɤɢɣ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɣɨɧ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]

Ɋɨɥɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨ-ɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ

ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨ-ɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ.

ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨ-ɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɵɣ ɞɢɚɥɨɝ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɣ ɫɢ- ɬɭɚɰɢɢ. 133 R. M. Suverova, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «Elan General Education School», Novokuznetsk municipal district, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]

The role of problem-based search dialogue in the educational process of primary school children

The article describes the role of problem-based search dialogue in the education of primary school children.

The problem-based search dialogue, technology, the creation of problem situation.

Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɹɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɪɨ- ɛɥɟɦɧɨ-ɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ. Ƚɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɰɟɥɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨ-ɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɢɚ- ɥɨɝɚ – ɷɬɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶ- ɧɨɦɭ ɜɵɛɨɪɭ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɦɵɫɥɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦɢɪɨɜɨɡɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɨɬ- ɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɢ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɨ- ɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ. Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟ- ɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɭɪɨɤ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɭɪɨɤɨɦ «ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ» ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨ- ɜɚɬɶ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ, ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ, ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɦɮɨɪɬ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ «ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɭɫɩɟɯɚ», ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɦɵɫɥɢ- ɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ. ɗɬɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɨ- ɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ, ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɭ- ɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨ-ɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɵɣ ɞɢɚ- ɥɨɝ, ɤɚɤ ɦɧɨɝɨɰɟɥɟɜɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɧɚɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶ ɨɛɭ- ɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɢ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɺɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɭɸ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɨɛɭɠɞɚɟɬ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫɚɦɢɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞ- ɥɚɝɚɹ ɝɨɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɚ, ɩɵɬɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɚɦɢɦ ɫɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɟɲɟ- ɧɢɟ. ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɨɡɞɚɺɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɵɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɨ, ɭɱɢɬɵ- ɜɚɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ, ɜɟɞɺɬ ɢɯ ɤ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɦɨɬɢɜɚ- ɰɢɢ ɤ ɭɱɟɧɢɸ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ. ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ, ɝɞɟ ɨɛɭɱɚɸ-

134 ɳɢɟɫɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɥɢ ɛɵ ɷɬɭ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ, ɨɛɞɭɦɚɥɢ ɟɺ ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɪɟ- ɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ – ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɨ- ɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɭ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɞɢɚɥɨɝ ɫ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɢɦ ɫɚɦɢɦ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɭɱɟɛɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɹ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɩɨɡɧɚ- ɧɢɸ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɵɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɟɦ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɰɟɩɨɱɤɭ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɫ ɨɩɨɪɨɣ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɣɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ (ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɜɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɜɨɤɚɰɢɢ, ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɪɢɫɤɚ, ɥɨɜɭɲɤɢ), ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɹ ɭ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɭɞɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɟ «Ȼɟɡɭɞɚɪɧɵɟ ɝɥɚɫɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɚɞɟɠ- ɧɵɯ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹɯ ɢɦɺɧ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ» ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɨ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɨɫɤɟ SMART Board – ɪɚɫɫɵɩɚɧɵ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɩɨɫɥɨɜɢɰɵ ɫ ɩɪɨɩɭɳɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɛɟɡɭɞɚɪɧɵɦɢ ɝɥɚɫ- ɧɵɦɢ: ɇɚ ɱɭɠɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭɲɤɟ ɪɚɞ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɜɨɪɨɧɭɲɤɟ. ɍɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɞɚɟɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɞɟɬɹɦ: ɫɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɨɜɢɰɭ ɢ ɜɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɩɭ- ɳɟɧɧɵɟ ɛɭɤɜɵ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɹɞ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ: Ʉɚɤ ɜɵ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɟ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɩɨɫɥɨɜɢɰɵ? (Ɍɨɫɤɚ ɩɨ ɪɨɞɢɧɟ, ɪɚɞɭɟɲɶɫɹ ɥɸɛɨɦɭ ɧɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɸ ɨ ɧɟɣ). Ʉɚɤɨɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɨ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɟ? (ȼɵɛɨɪ ɛɭɤɜɵ ɜ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹɯ ɫɭɳɟ- ɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ). Ʉɚɤɨɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟ ɜɵ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɥɢ? Ɉɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜɵɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ, ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɵ, ɚ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɜɫɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ. ɇɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɫ ɦɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ. (Ɉɞɧɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɸ- ɳɢɟɫɹ ɜɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟ – -ɟ, ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟ -ɢ.). ȼ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ? (ȼ ɛɟɡ- ɭɞɚɪɧɨɣ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ). ɑɬɨ ɧɚɞɨ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ, ɤɚɤɭɸ ɛɭɤɜɭ ɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɜ ɛɟɡ- ɭɞɚɪɧɨɣ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɜ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ? (ɉɨɞɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɫɭ- ɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɠɟ ɫɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɚɞɟɠɚ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɭɞɚɪɧɵɦ). ɇɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ «ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ» ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɝɪɭɩ- ɩɨɜɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ – ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɥɭɱɲɢɯ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤ- ɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɩɪɢ- ɜɥɟɱɶ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɸ, ɞɢɫ- ɤɭɫɫɢɢ, ɫɩɨɪɭ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɞɢɧ ɩɨɡɧɚɺɬ, ɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɶ, ɭɫɥɨɠɧɹɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɨɞɧɚ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɜɵɩɨɥ- ɧɹɟɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ: ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɤ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ, ɚ ɞɪɭɝɚɹ – ɜɵɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɦ- ɦɵ ɢɡ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ. ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɷɬɚɩ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ – ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɜɵ- ɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ, ɝɞɟ ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɟɝɨ

135 ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɞɧɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɨɜ. Ɉɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɨɡɜɭɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɜɨɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɱɬɨ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɢ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɡɚ- ɢɦɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɚ. Ɉɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɸɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ, ɡɚɞɚɸɬ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɭ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɩɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɸ, ɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɬ ɫɜɨɺ ɨɬɧɨɲɟ- ɧɢɟ ɨ ɜɵɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ. ɇɚ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɞɭɦɚɸɬ, ɱɚɳɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɬ, ɚɤɬɢɜ- ɧɟɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɦɵɫɥɢ, ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɸɬ ɫɚɦɢ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɜɟɫɶ ɤɥɚɫɫ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɈɊɄɋɗ ɜ 4 ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɨɫɢɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ: Ʉɨɝɨ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɚɦɢ? ȼ ɧɚɲɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɟɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɟɥɢ? (Ⱦɚ. Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɪɚɫɫɭɠɞɚɸɬ ɨ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɠɢɬɶ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɞɨɫɬɨɣɧɨ). Ⱥ ɜɚɫ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɚɦɢ? (Ⱦɚ. ɇɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɦɵ ɭɱɢɦɫɹ ɪɚɫ- ɫɭɠɞɚɬɶ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɺ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ, ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɢ ɨɞɧɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɨɜ). ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ ɞɟɬɢ ɭɱɚɬɫɹ ɨɬɫɬɚɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɨ- ɡɢɰɢɸ, ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɭ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨ-ɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɺɬ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ, ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɬɶ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɭ ɜ ɩɨɫɬɚ- ɧɨɜɤɟ ɟɟ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɪɚɡɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɩɨɢɫɤɭ. ɉɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɪɚɡ- ɜɢɬɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɫɚɦɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɫɢɥɚɯ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɚ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Mɚɯɦɭɬɨɜ, Ɇ. ɂ. Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ɇ. ɂ. Ɇɚɯɦɭɬɨɜ. – Ʉɚɡɚɧɶ: Ɍɚɬɤɧɢɝɨɢɡɞɚɬ, 1972. 2. Ɋɨɥɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨ-ɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɦɥɚɞ- ɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]. – Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: https:// infourok.ru/metodicheskie-recomendacii-ispolzovanie-tehnologii-problemnogo- dialoga-na-urokah-v-nachalnoy-shkole-10109001.html/. – Ɂɚɝɥ. ɫ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ. 3. ɒɬɟɰ, Ⱥ. Ⱥ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɤ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ⱥ. Ⱥ. ɒɬɟɰ // Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ- ɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ. – 2016. – ʋ 1. – ɋ. 43–48.

136 ɍȾɄ 372 Ɍ. Ɋ. Ɍɵɪɵɲɤɢɧɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «Ɍɚɥɶɠɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ», ɇɨɜɨɤɭɡɧɟɰɤɢɣ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɣɨɧ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]

ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɭɪɨɤɨɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ

ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ, ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɨɛɵɱɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɡɧɚ- ɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɨɛ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɦ ɦɢɪɟ.

ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ, ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɵɜɨɞ, ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɣ ɦɢɪ, ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ.

T. R. Tyryshkina, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «Talzhino Secondary School», Novokuznetsk municipal district, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]

The use of the activity method in conducting lessons of the World Around Us

The article describes the use of the activity method in the lessons of the World Around Us in order to develop an independent production of educational knowledge on the basis of existing ideas about the world.

Problem situation, independent conclusion, World Around Us, activity approach.

ɑɬɨɛɵ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɸ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ, ɩɪɢɞɚɬɶ ɟɦɭ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɣ, ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɫɹ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɭ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɨɛɭ- ɱɟɧɢɹ. Ⱦɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ – ɷɬɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨ- ɪɨɦ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɨɬɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɣ, ɜ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ. Ƚɥɚɜ- ɧɨɟ ɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɨɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɟ – ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɬɟ- ɦɨɣ, ɭɱɟɛɧɵɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ ɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɩɵɬɨɦ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ, ɟɝɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ɂɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɰɟɥɶ ɬɚ- 137 ɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ – ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɨɣ, ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɨɦ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɡɧɚ- ɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟ- ɪɢɚɥɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɟ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɭ ɭɠɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɪɟɞ- ɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜ. ɍɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɟ ɫ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɚɦɢ, ɨɫɨɡɧɚɸɬ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɨɬ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɺ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ, ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ, ɜɵ- ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɰɟɩɨɱɤɭ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɣ. ɍɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɟɝɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ. Ⱦɟɬɹɦ ɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɡɪɟ- ɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɫɥɭɲɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɯ, ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɧɟ ɛɨɹɬɶɫɹ ɞɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɢ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɟɺ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɶ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ. Ɉɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ – ɷɬɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ. ɇɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɭɸ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɭɪɨɤɨɜ. ɇɨ, ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɹ ɢɫ- ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɭɸ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɫ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹɦɢ, ɫ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɨɩɵɬɨɜ. Ʉɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɧɟ ɫɟɤɪɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɤɚɛɢɧɟɬɵ ɧɚɱɚɥɶ- ɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɧɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɵɦ ɢ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚ- ɧɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚ ɨɩɵɬɨɜ. ɍɱɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶ ɡɚ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɢɤɚɦ – ɯɢɦɢɤɚɦ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɚɦ. ɑɬɨ ɨɬɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɜɪɟɦɹ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɵ ɧɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ, ɚ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ, ɜ ɥɭɱɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɦɟɞɢɣɧɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ, ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ ɢɡ ɮɢɥɶɦɨɜ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɭɪɨɤɢ ɧɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ, ɜɫɟɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɨ- ɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɚɲɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɚ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟ- ɧɢɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ, ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɫ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɦɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ, ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟ- ɬɟɣ, ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵ- ɤɨɜ. Ɍɚɤ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɚɦ «Ʉɬɨ ɬɚ- ɤɢɟ ɧɚɫɟɤɨɦɵɟ?», «Ʉɬɨ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɪɵɛɵ?», «Ʉɬɨ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɡɜɟɪɢ?», «Ʉɬɨ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɩɬɢɰɵ?» ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɵ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɫɹ ɪɚɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɤɢ ɫ ɢɡɨɛɪɚ- ɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɪɵɛ, ɩɬɢɰ, ɡɜɟɪɟɣ. ɍɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸ ɥɢɱɧɵɣ ɨɩɵɬ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ, ɤ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɬɨɬ, ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɬɭɪ, ɞɨɪɢɫɨɜɵɜɚ- ɟɬ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ. Ɋɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɢ ɞɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜɫɟ 138 ɩɬɢɰɵ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɟɪɶɹ, ɪɵɛɵ – ɱɟɲɭɸ, ɡɜɟɪɢ – ɲɟɪɫɬɶ. ɉɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ, ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ, ɪɟɲɟɧɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɩɨɥɭ- ɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ. ɉɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɦɵ ɜ 3 ɤɥɚɫɫɚ «ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ» ɦɵ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɦ ɢɡɭɱɟ- ɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɵ «Ɍɟɥɚ, ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ». Ɉɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɦ, ɢɡ ɱɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɤɚɩɟɥɶɤɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɇ2Ɉ. Ⱦɥɹ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɬɹɦ ɞɚɸɬɫɹ «ɲɥɹɩɤɢ» ɱɟɛɭɪɚɲɤɢ. – ȼɵ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɜɵ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬɟ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɚɬɨɦɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ – ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ (ɝɨɥɨɜɚ ɢ ɞɜɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɭɯɚ). ȼɵ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɟɫɶ ɜ ɤɨɥɛɟ ɢ ɩɥɚɜɚɟ- ɬɟ. Ʌɟɬɚɟɬɟ, ɩɪɵɝɚɟɬɟ ɜ ɧɟɣ. ɋɟɣɱɚɫ ɹ ɧɚ ɜɚɫ ɩɨɥɨɠɭ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɵɣ ɥɟɞ. ɑɬɨ ɫɬɚɧɟɬ ɫ ɜɚɦɢ? ɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɜɵ ɫɨɦɤɧɟɬɟɫɶ, ɨɛɧɢɦɢɬɟɫɶ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ. Ⱥ ɜɨɬ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɹ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɭ ɩɨɞ ɜɚɦɢ ɤɨɫɬɟɪ. ɋɬɨɣɬɟ ɤɭɞɚ ɜɵ? – Ʉɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɯ ɜɨɞɵ? ɍɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɢɝɪɨɜɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɭɫɜɚɢɜɚɸɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɜɨɞɵ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ – ɷɬɨ ɭɪɨɤ. ɇɨ ɭɪɨɤɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɭɪɨɤɢ ɜ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɧɨɦ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ, ɚ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɥɢɰɭ ɧɚ ɷɤɫɤɭɪɫɢɢ. Ɍɚɤ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɦɨɟɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɫ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɦ ɜɡɹɥɢɫɶ ɡɚ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ Ɍɚɥɶɠɢɧɨ. ɋ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɭɡɧɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨ- ɞɢɬ ɨɬ ɪɟɱɭɲɤɢ Ɍɚɥɶɠɢɧɤɚ, ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɟɣ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɨɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨ ɛɟɪɟɝɚɦ ɷɬɨɣ ɪɟɱɭɲɤɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɬ ɬɚɥɢɧɚ. Ɍɚɤ ɜɨɬ ɨɬ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɤɢ ɢ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɢ. ɍɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɫɞɟɥɚɥɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɮɨɬɨ ɪɟɱɤɢ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɥɢ ɡɚɦɟɪ ɝɥɭɛɢɧɵ ɪɟɤɢ ɜ ɨɫɟɧɧɟɟ ɢ ɜɟɫɟɧɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ. ȼ ɩɥɚɧɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɝɥɭɛɢ- ɧɨɣ ɪɟɤɢ ɜ ɥɟɬɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ «Ɋɟɤɚ Ɍɚɥɶɠɢɧɤɚ». ɉɨ ɬɟɦɟ «Ɇɨɹ ɦɚɥɚɹ ɪɨɞɢɧɚ» ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨ ɢɡɭ- ɱɟɧɢɸ ɭɥɢɰ. Ɋɟɛɹɬɚ ɪɚɫɫɩɪɚɲɢɜɚɥɢ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɛɚɛɭɲɟɤ, ɫɬɚɪɨɠɢɥ ɜ ɤɚɤɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɥɢɫɶ ɞɨɦɚ ɢ ɩɨɱɟɦ ɭɥɢɰɚɦ ɞɚɧɵ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ: Ⱦɨɪɨɠ- ɧɚɹ – ɜɞɨɥɶ ɞɨɪɨɝɢ, ɂɌɊ – ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɠɢɬɟɥɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɢ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɵ. Ɇɨɥɨ- ɞɺɠɧɚɹ ɢ Ɏɟɫɬɢɜɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɨɦɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɥɢɫɶ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ Ɇɨɫɤɜɟ ɮɟɫɬɢɜɚɥɹ ɦɨɥɨɞɺɠɢ ɦɢɪɚ. Ʉɚɥɢɧɧɢɤɢ ɜ ɥɨɝɭ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɥɢɧɵ. Ɂɜɟɡɞɧɚɹ – ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɝɨɪɟ ɛɥɢɡɤɨ ɤ ɡɜɟɡɞɚɦ. ɉɨ ɬɟɦɟ «ɉɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ» ɦɵ ɫ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɥɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɧɢ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɟ ɩɶɟɬ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɬ. Ⱦɟɬɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɥɢ ɥɭɤ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɧɨ ɢ ɨɤɪɚɲɢ- ɜɚɥɢ ɰɜɟɬɨɤ ɯɪɢɡɚɧɬɟɦɵ, ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɹ ɜ ɜɨɞɭ ɤɪɚɫɢɬɟɥɶ. Ɉɬɱɟɝɨ ɨɤɪɚɫ ɯɪɢɡɚɧ- ɬɟɦɵ ɦɟɧɹɥɫɹ ɢɡ ɛɟɥɨɝɨ ɜ ɡɟɥɟɧɵɣ ɢ ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ. ɉɨ ɬɟɦɟ «ɋɧɟɝ» ɪɟɛɹɬɚ ɩɪɨ- ɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɨɩɵɬɵ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɚɦɢ ɫɟɛɟ ɞɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ, ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɧɟɝ ɛɟɥɵɣ ɨɧ ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɧɟ ɱɢɫɬɵɣ. ɇɚɯɨɞɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ - ɜɧɟɲ- ɧɢɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ, ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ. Ɍɟɦɭ «Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ ɫɜɟɬɚ» ɦɵ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɭɥɢɰɟ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɸ «Ʉɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɶ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ». ɍɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɫ ɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɫ ɤɨɦɩɚɫɨɦ, ɫɨɛɢɪɚɸɬ ɭɱɟɛɧɭɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɮɥɸɝɟɪɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɢɥɭ ɜɟɬɪɚ. ɉɨ ɦɟɫɬ- ɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɫɜɟɬɚ. 139 ȼ ɜɟɫɟɧɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɬɨ ɢɡ ɧɚɫ ɫ ɜɚɦɢ ɧɟ ɩɭɫɤɚɥ ɤɨɪɚɛɥɢɤɢ ɩɨ ɪɭɱɟɣ- ɤɚɦ? ɗɬɨ ɥɸɛɢɦɨɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɟ ɜɟɣ ɞɟɬɜɨɪɵ. Ɇɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɥɢ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɡɚ- ɧɹɬɢɟ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ. ɉɨ ɬɟɦɟ «Ʉɨɪɚɛɥɢ» ɥɚ- ɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɹ «ɉɥɚɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɬɟɥɚ» ɩɨɦɨɝɥɢ ɧɚɦ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ «ɉɨɱɟɦɭ ɤɨɪɚɛɥɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɧɭɬ». Ɋɟɛɹɬɚ ɫɞɟɥɚɥɢ ɛɭɦɚɠɧɵɟ ɤɨɪɚɛɥɢɤɢ ɢ ɩɚɪɨɯɨɞɢɤɢ, ɜ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɫɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɢ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦɢ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɦɚ- ɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ, ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɥɢ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ ɢ ɩɪɢɲɥɢ ɤ ɜɵɜɨɞɭ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɤɨɪɚɛɥɟɣ, ɧɨ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɚ, ɢ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ. Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɡɚɭɱɢɬɶ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ: Ɇɚɦɚ, Ɋɨɞɢɧɚ, ɉɪɢ- ɪɨɞɚ. ɋ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɬɶɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɦɢɪɚ. ȼɨɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɬɪɭɞ- ɧɨɦɭ ɢ ɪɚɞɨɫɬɧɨɦɭ ɩɭɬɢ – ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ. ɉɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɯɨɪɨɲɢɣ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɢ ɦɵ ɞɨɜɟɪɹɟɦ ɟɣ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɧɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɨɬɜɨɞɢɦ ɫɟɦɶɟ ɢ ɲɤɨɥɟ. ȼɟɞɶ ɬɚɦ ɩɨɞ ɤɪɨɜɥɟɣ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɨɦɚ ɢ ɜ ɫɬɟɧɚɯ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɜɩɢɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɞɨɛɪɟ ɢ ɡɥɟ, ɨ ɤɪɚɫɨɬɟ ɢ ɫɢɥɟ, ɨɛ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɦ ɦɢɪɟ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɦ ɢ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɛɟɡɡɚɳɢɬɧɨɦ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ɋɚɛɨɱɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. Ɉɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɣ ɦɢɪ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ⱥ. Ⱥ. ɉɥɟɲɚɤɨɜ. – Ɇ. : ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 2011. – 122 ɫ. 2. ɋɚɜɟɧɤɨɜ, Ⱥ. ɂ. ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ⱥ. ɂ. ɋɚɜɟɧɤɨɜ // ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ. – 2000. – ʋ 12. – ɋ. 101–108.

ɍȾɄ 372 ɋ. Ȼ. Ɏɢɥɚɬɨɜɚ, Ɉ. ɂ. Ƚɚɜɪɢɥɟɧɤɨ, Ɉ. Ȼ. ɇɢɠɟɝɨɪɨɞɨɜɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 6», ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɚɡɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ Ɇɚɪɢɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ», ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 6», Ɇɚɪɢɢɧɫɤɢɣ ȽɈ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; olya.olga- [email protected]

Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ

ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɨɛɳɢɦ ɩɪɢɟ- ɦɚɦ, ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚɦ, ɫɯɟɦɚɦ, ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɦ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɦɚɬɟɦɚ-

140 ɬɢɤɢ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ, ɫ ɢɫ- ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɢɦɟ- ɧɹɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ- ɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ.

Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ, ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ- ɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ, ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ.

S. B. Filatova, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «General Education School ʋ 6», the city of Mariinsk, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]; O. I. Gavrilenko, Municipal State-Owned Institution «Information and Methodological Centre of Mariinsk Municipal District», Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]; O. B. Nizhegorodova, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «General Education School ʋ 6», the city of Mariinsk, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]

Formation of universal educational actions at Mathematics lessons in primary school using electronic educational resources

The article discusses the ways of teaching general techniques, methods, schemes, models of mental work in mathematics lessons aimed at the formation of metasubject results using electronic educational resources that enable learners students to use the skills acquired by them in working with subject matter in accordance with the requirements of the Federal Educational Standard.

Mathematics, electronic educational resources, metasubject results, universal learning actions.

ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɎȽɈɋ ɇɈɈ) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɥ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɟ – ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ (ɍɍȾ): «ȼɚɠɧɟɣ- ɲɟɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚ- ɧɢɟ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚɦ ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚ- ɧɢɸ» [4]. 141 ɇɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɍɍȾ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɧɨɫɹɬ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ; ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ, ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨ- ɝɨ ɢ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ; ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɪɟɟɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ; ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ. Ⱦɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ 1–4 ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵ- ɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɇɈɈ) ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ- ɫɬɢ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɍɍȾ ɩɪɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚ- ɧɢɟɦ ɗɈɊ. ɉɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɫɨ- ɫɬɚɜ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɎȽɈɋ ɇɈɈ ɤ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɟɞ- ɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɇɈɈ, ɦɵ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɥɢ ɜ ɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɧɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɢ ɍɍȾ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ «Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ» ɬɚɤ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ. Ɇɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɟ ɍɍȾ: – ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ (ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɜɥɚɞɟɬɶ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɜɢɞɚɦɢ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɬɶ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɢ, ɫɨ- ɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ: ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ, ɬɟɤɫɬɚ, ɬɚɛɥɢ- ɰɵ, ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɩɥɚɧɚ, ɜ ɬ. ɱ., ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɂɄɌ); – ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɵɟ (ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɰɟɥɶ, ɜɵɞɜɢɝɚɬɶ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ, ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɩɥɚɧɭ, ɫɜɟɪɹɹɫɶ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ, ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɢ ɩɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦ); – ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ (ɢɡɥɚɝɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɺ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ, ɛɵɬɶ ɝɨɬɨɜɵɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɟ, ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɸ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ, ɫɨ- ɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɭɫɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɵ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɚɪɟ ɢɥɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ, ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɵ); – ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ (ɜɵɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɨɤ, ɩɪɢɡɧɚɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɩɥɨɯɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɢ ɢ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɬɶ ɡɚ ɧɢɯ, ɨɬɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɚ ɨɬ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɬɟɛɹ ɤɚɤ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɫ ɬɜɨɟɣ Ɋɨɞɢɧɨɣ). ɇɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ- ɫɬɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢ ɢ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɟ ɍɍȾ, ɫɢɫɬɟ- ɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ (ɗɈɊ). Ɉɛɟɫ- ɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ 1–4 ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɢɫ- ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɤɨɜ – ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɣ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɨɣ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚ- 142 ɰɢɢ, ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɬɟɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨ- ɥɨɝɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ. ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɰɢɹ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɗɈɊ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ, ɢɫɩɵ- ɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ. [1, ɫ. 123]. ɍɇɄ ɆȻɈɍ «ɋɈɒ ʋ 6» ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɍɍȾ ɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɫɚɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ. Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ 1–4 ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɭ- ɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɂɄɌ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ «ɡɚɩɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ» ɬɟɦ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɇɈɈ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɫɞɚɱɟ ɈȽɗ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɧɚ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɣɫɹ «ɡɚɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɣ» ɬɟɦɨɣ ɭ ɞɟɜɹ- ɬɢɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɯ ɥɟɬ. ɇɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ 1 ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɨɫɤɟ (ɂȾ) ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɩɪɨɫɬɟɣɲɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɧɚ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɚɧɢɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ, ɭɩɪɚɠɧɹ- ɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɯɟɦ ɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ. ɍɇɄ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ ɞɢɮ- ɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɉɄ ɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ, ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ, ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɹ ɜ ɩɚɪɚɯ ɢ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ, ɫɚɦɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚ ɭɪɨ- ɤɟ, ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɢɞ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɗɈɊ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɍɍȾ [3, ɫ. 5]. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ 4 ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɨɥɢɦɩɢɚɞɚɦ ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɟ (ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɆȻɈɍ «ɋɈɒ ʋ 6» ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɥɟɬ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɛɟɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɪɚɣɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɥɢɦɩɢɚɞɵ ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɟ) ɢ ȼɉɊ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞ- ɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɍɍȾ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɵɯ ɦɚ- ɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɤɭɪɫɭ «Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢ- ɤɚ» ɢɡ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɢ ɗɈɊ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪ- ɫɵ, ɡɚɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ. ɇɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚ- ɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨ ɨɬɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦ ɫ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɢ, ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶ- ɡɭɹ ɂɄɌ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɂȾ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ «VOTUM», ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɨɫɧɚɳɺɧ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɤɚɛɢɧɟɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɍɍȾ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ: ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɟ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɚɦɢ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɚɪɟ, ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɨɥɹɯ. ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜ- 143 ɧɨɦɭ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɍɍȾ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɪɟ- ɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɝɞɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɜɢɞɨɦ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɝɪɚɪɧɚɹ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɧɢɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɦɨɜ ɊȽɈ «Ɇɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɫ- ɫɢɹ» [2]. ȼ ɧɢɯ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɯ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɟɺ ɫɬɨɥɢɰɟ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɤɪɚɹɯ ɢ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ, ɝɪɚɧɢɱɚɳɢɯ ɫ Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶɸ. Ʌɢɱɧɵɣ ɨɩɵɬ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ-ɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɢɤɨɜ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɇɈɈ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹɯ ɤɚɤ ɫɚɧɤɰɢɢ, ɢɦɩɨɪɬɨɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ, ɧɨ ɢ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɳɭ- ɳɚɬɶ ɫɟɛɹ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɨɦ ɜɟɥɢɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ – Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ. ɐɢɤɥ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɧɢ- ɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɦɨɜ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɢɡ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɯ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɸɠɟɬɨɜ, ɜ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɣ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɯ ɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɚɯ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɭ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɍɍȾ, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ: ɝɨɪɞɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɫɜɨɺ Ɉɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɨ, ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɬɟɛɹ ɤɚɤ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɫ ɬɜɨɟɣ Ɋɨɞɢɧɨɣ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɜɢɞ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɱɟɜɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɭɪɨɤɚ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɰɢɤɥ ɚɧɢɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɦɨɜ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ, ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭ- ɟɬ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ- ɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɞɚ- ɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫ- ɫɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɝɚɞɠɟɬɚɦɢ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɢɞ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɍɍȾ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɭɯɦɢɧɭɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɸɠɟɬɚ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ 4 ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɨɬ 5 ɞɨ 12 ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ. Ɍɚɤ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ- ɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɍɍȾ: ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɵ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɗɈɊ. ɉɪɢɜɟɞɺɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɩɨ ɦɭɥɶɬɮɢɥɶɦɭ «Ⱥɥ- ɬɚɣɫɤɢɣ ɤɪɚɣ»: Ɏɟɪɦɟɪ ɜ Ⱥɥɬɚɣɫɤɨɦ ɤɪɚɟ ɜ 2015 ɝɨɞɭ ɫɨɛɪɚɥ ɫ 48 ɝɚ ɩɨ 12,8 ɰ ɩɲɟɧɢɰɵ, ɚ ɜ Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɮɟɪɦɟɪ ɫɨɛɪɚɥ ɫ 36 ɝɚ ɩɨ 18,6 ɰ ɩɲɟ- ɧɢɰɵ. ɍɪɨɠɚɣ, ɤɚɤɨɝɨ ɮɟɪɦɟɪɚ ɛɵɥ ɜɵɲɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ? ȼɵɪɚɡɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɜ ɬɨɧɧɚɯ ɢ ɰɟɧɬɧɟɪɚɯ. ɋɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɨɧɚɞɨɛɢɬɫɹ ɞɟɥɶɬɚɩɥɚɧɟɪɢɫɬɭ ɢ ɥɺɬɱɢɤɭ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɶ Ⱥɥɬɚɣɫɤɢɣ ɤɪɚɣ ɫ ɫɟɜɟɪɚ ɧɚ ɸɝ, ɟɫɥɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɥɺɬɱɢɤɚ 455 ɤɦ/ɱ, ɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɥɶɬɚɩɥɚɧɟɪɢɫɬɚ 130 ɤɦ/ɱ? Ʉɬɨ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɩɨɬɪɚɬɢɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɦɟɧɶ- ɲɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ? ȼɵɛɟɪɢ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɺɧɧɨɫɬɶ Ⱥɥɬɚɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ ɫ ɫɟɜɟɪɚ ɧɚ ɸɝ: ɚ) 1500 ɤɦ ɛ) 2050 ɤɦ ɜ) 910 ɤɦ.

144 ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɨɛɳɢɦ ɩɪɢɟɦɚɦ, ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚɦ, ɫɯɟɦɚɦ, ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɦ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɥɟɠɚɬ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦɢ, ɧɨ ɜ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨ- ɞɹɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɥɸɛɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ. Ɇɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɜ 1–4 ɤɥɚɫɫɚɯ – ɷɬɨ ɧɨ- ɜɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɵɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧ- ɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɡɚ ɫɱɺɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɤɚ ɗɈɊ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. ɂɜɚɧɨɜɚ, ȿ. Ɉ. Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ / ȿ. Ɉ. ɂɜɚɧɨɜɚ, ɂ. Ɇ. Ɉɫɦɨɥɨɜɫɤɚɹ. – Ɇ., 2011. – 190 ɫ. 2. Ɇɭɥɶɬɢ-Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ – ɰɢɤɥ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɧɢɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɦɨɜ [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ- ɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]: Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: http://yandex.ru/video/search?text. 3. Ɉɫɢɧ, Ⱥ. ȼ. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ: ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɦɟɞɢɚɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ⱥ. ȼ. Ɉɫɢɧ // ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ-ɩɨɪɬɚɥɵ: ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ: ɫɛ. ɧɚɭɱ. ɫɬ. ȼɵɩ. 4. – Ɇ. : ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 2007. – 243 ɫ. 4. Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɍɬɜɟɪɠɞɺɧ ɩɪɢɤɚɡɨɦ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɭɤɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɬ «6» ɨɤɬɹɛɪɹ 2009 ɝ. ʋ 373.

ɍȾɄ 373.3 Ɇ. Ⱥ. ɒɢɛɚɧɨɜɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 32», Ȼɟɥɨɜɫɤɢɣ ȽɈ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]

ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ

ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɝɥɚɜɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ- ɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɞɢɤɬɭɟɬ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɢɫɤɨɪɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨ- ɡɧɚɧɢɹ.

ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɲɤɨ- ɥɚ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ.

145 M. A. Shibanova, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «Secondary school ʋ 32», the city of Belovo, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]

The use of modern teaching technologies in primary school lessons

Information technologies currently do not only take the main role in society, but also in the development of the education system. The use of modern teaching technologies prompts the expediency of the earliest introduction to them, starting from different stages of learning and cognition.

Modern technology, quality of education, modern school, the use of learning technologies.

«ɉɨɫɥɭɲɚɣɬɟ – ɢ ȼɵ ɡɚɛɭɞɟɬɟ, ɩɨɫɦɨɬɪɢɬɟ – ɢ ȼɵ ɡɚɩɨɦɧɢɬɟ, ɫɞɟɥɚɣɬɟ – ɢ ȼɵ ɩɨɣɦɟɬɟ». Ʉɨɧɮɭɰɢɣ.

ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɮɟɪɚɯ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɫɟ ɱɚɳɟ ɝɨɜɨ- ɪɢɬɶɫɹ ɨ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɯ, ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɷɬɨ ɢ ɧɟ ɨɛɨɲɥɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɨɣ ɨɛ- ɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ. ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɮɟɪɚɯ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢɞɺɬ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨ- ɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɥɚ ɛɵ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɤɚɱɟ- ɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɜ ɨɛɳɟɦ. ɍɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɞɜɢɝɚɟɬ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɨɛɳɟ- ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɹɜ- ɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟ- ɪɢɚɥɚ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɍɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ. Ɇɥɚɞɲɢɣ ɲɤɨɥɶ- ɧɢɤ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɨɧ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟ- ɬɚɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɚɯ ɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɭɳɟɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ, ɧɚɞ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɟɠɟɞɧɟɜɧɨ. Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɦɨɠ- ɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ, ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤ, ɩɪɢɟɦɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɜɫɟ ɨɧɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ȼɚɠɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɧɨ- ɜɵɯ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ. ɗɬɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɪɚɡɭɦɧɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨ- ɜɚɬɶ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɧɟɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɚɤɬɢɜ-

146 ɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɂɄɌ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ ɬɟɯɧɨ- ɥɨɝɢɢ, ɜɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ. ɍɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɚɯ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɭɪɨɤɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɯ, ɩɨɧɢɦɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɞɟɥɨ ɧɟɥɺɝɤɨɟ, ɧɨ ɞɚɸɳɟɟ ɫɜɨɢ ɩɥɨɞɵ. ɍɠɟ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɛɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ- ɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɜɫɸ ɠɢɡɧɶ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬɫɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɨɧɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬ ɨɞɢɧ ɢ ɬɨɬ ɠɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɨɞɧɢ ɢ ɬɟ ɠɟ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɚɥ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɭ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɭɱɢɥ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɶ, ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɢɦɟ- ɧɹɸɬ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ. ɋɭɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ ɢ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬ- ɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɟɺ. ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɢɳɭɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɟɺ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚɦɟɱɚɸɬ ɩɥɚɧ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬ ɟɝɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ, ɚ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɥɢɲɶ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬ ɷɬɢɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ. Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɢ ɧɢɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɫɶ ɡɚɩɚɫ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɬɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨ- ɞɢɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ, ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɢ ɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɷɬɚ ɭɱɟɛɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɭɫɜɨɟ- ɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɧɬɟ- ɪɟɫɧɵɦ. Ɍɚɤ ɠɟ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɭɠɟ ɞɚɜɧɨ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ. Ƚɪɭɩɩɨɜɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɧɪɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɞɟɬɹɦ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ. Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɷɬɭ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɧɟ ɬɚɤ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ, ɤɚɤ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɞɟɬɢ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɡɥɢɲɧɢɣ ɲɭɦ ɢ ɧɟɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɨɛɳɚ. ɇɨ, ɜɫɟ-ɬɚɤɢ ɷɬɚ ɪɚ- ɛɨɬɚ ɤɚɤ ɜɢɞ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɭɱɢ- ɬɟɥɹ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ, ɭɛɟɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɛɵɜɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ- ɧɨɫɬɶ. ɉɪɨɟɤɬ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɞ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɧɚ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɡɚɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶ- ɬɚɬɚ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɭ ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɭɫɩɟɯɚ, ɟɦɭ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɞɨɛɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨ- ɞɢɦɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫ ɢɯ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ. Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɥɢɲɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ. ɉɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɢɬ ɪɚɡɦɵɲɥɹɬɶ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɭɱɟɛɧɭɸ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɸ, ɚ ɫɚɦɨɟ ɝɥɚɜ- ɧɨɟ, ɬɚɤ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɚɱɟ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬ ɧɨɜɟɣɲɢɦ ɫɩɨ- ɫɨɛɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ 147 ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɦɭ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɭ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɦ, ɚ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. ɂɌ ɩɨɡɜɨ- ɥɹɸɬ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɭɱɟ- ɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɬɚɤɚɹ ɡɚɦɟɧɚ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɤɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ. ɍɱɢɬɟɥɸ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢ- ɥɨɫɶ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɭɪɨɤɚɦ. ɇɨ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɤɚɤ ɬɟ- ɥɟɜɢɡɨɪ ɢɥɢ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɦɟɞɢɣɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɪ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɜɟɞɭɳɚɹ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨ- ɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɯ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ. ɇɚ ɡɚɦɟɧɭ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɧɵɦ ɞɨɫɤɚɦ ɩɪɢɲɥɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɞɨɫɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ, ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɹ ɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɢ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɸ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ. ɍ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɦɟɧɚ ɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɢɝɪɨɜɨɣ ɧɚ ɭɱɟɛɧɭɸ, ɱɬɨ ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵ- ɦɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦɢ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ, ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤ- ɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɞɨɫɨɤ ɢ ɬ. ɞ. ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɩɚɥ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɟɧ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ. ɋɚɦɨɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɟɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬ ɫ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɦ. Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚ- ɥɟɧ, ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɸ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɢɡɭɱɢɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ, ɟɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ. Ɉɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ – ɷɬɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɬɹɠɟɥɵɣ ɬɪɭɞ, ɢ ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ, ɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɞɨɥɝɨ ɨɬɛɢɬɶ ɨɯɨɬɭ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ. ɍɪɨɤ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɨɛɪɚ- ɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɢɞɨɢɡ- ɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨ- ɜɚɬɶ ɬɪɭɞ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ, ɭɥɭɱɲɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɚɩɨ- ɦɢɧɚɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɚ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ, ɩɨɞɧɹɜ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɤ ɭɱɟɛɟ, ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɭɥɭɱɲɢɬɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

148

Ɋɚɡɞɟɥ 3. ȼɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ – ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ

Section 3. Extracurricular activities as a condition of achieving metasubject results by primary school children

ɍȾɄ 373.3 Ʌ. ɇ. Ⱥɪɝɭɧɨɜɚ, Ɍ. ȼ. Ȼɨɥɨɬɧɢɤɨɜɚ, ɇ. ɋ. Ʉɚɡɚɧɰɟɜɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 39», ɝ. Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɨ E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɤɚɤ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɭ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ

ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɨɩɵɬ ɩɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ. Ɇɵ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɧɚɞ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ ɫ 1 ɤɥɚɫɫɚ. ȼɚɠɧɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɦ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ. ɇɚɱɢ- ɧɚɹ ɫɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ, ɪɟɛɹɬɚ ɫɚɦɢ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɨɧɢ ɯɨɬɟɥɢ ɛɵ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ.

Ʉɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ; ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ; ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ; ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ.

L. N. Argunova, T. V. Bolotnikova, N. S. Kazantseva, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «Secondary school ʋ 39», the city of Kemerovo E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

Social projects at school as a result of development of research abilities and systemic thinking in primary school children

The article presents an experience in social projects of junior school children. We are starting work on a social project since grade 1. It is important that the projects meet the age peculiarities. Starting with second grade, the children themselves choose the problem they want to solve.

Quality of education; research; social projects; practical activities.

149 ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɨ- ɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ. Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɧɨɫɢɬ ɬɜɨɪ- ɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ, ɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟ- ɧɢɸ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɉɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɳɭɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɥɢɱ- ɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɢ- ɫɬɟɦɧɨɟ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚɹ ɜ ɩɚɪɟ ɫ ɬɨɜɚɪɢɳɟɦ, ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɹɫɶ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ, ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɸɬ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɭɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɭ ɦɥɚɞ- ɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɸ ɥɸɛɜɢ ɤ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ, ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɟɺ ɫɭɞɶɛɭ. ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɭɸ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ, ɜɟɞɶ ɪɟɛɹɬɚɦ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ- ɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ, ɦɢɤɪɨɪɚɣɨɧɚ, ɝɨɪɨɞɚ. ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ – ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚ- ɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ. Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟ- ɫɤɢɣ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ – ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ. ɐɟɥɶ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ – ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɤ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɦ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɫɬ- ɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ. Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ: ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɭɸ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɫɢɥɚɦɢ ɫɚɦɢɯ ɪɟɛɹɬ; ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɟ- ɧɢɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ; ɡɚɤɪɟɩɢɬɶ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ; ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ (ɩɥɚɧɢ- ɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɪɚɫɱɺɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɪɟ- ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɬɨɝɨɜ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.). ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɦɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɫɨ- ɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ: ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɟ; ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ; ɪɨɥɟɜɵɟ ɢ ɢɝɪɨɜɵɟ; ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ; ɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɵɟ. Ɇɵ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɧɚɞ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ ɫ 1 ɤɥɚɫɫɚ. ȼɚɠɧɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɦ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸɬ ɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɨ-

150 ɟɤɬɨɜ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ, ɬɨ ɫɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ, ɪɟɛɹɬɚ ɫɚɦɢ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɨɧɢ ɯɨɬɟɥɢ ɛɵ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ. ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ, ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɣ ɫɚ- ɦɢɦ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ. ɑɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɜɵɛɨɪ, ɥɢɱɧɨ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɡɚ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ. ɋɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɚɞ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɟɥɨɦ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ, ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɧɭɠɧɵɟ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ- ɫɬɢ. Ʌɸɛɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧ- ɧɵɟ ɪɚɦɤɢ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɜɫɟ ɷɬɚɩɵ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɵ, ɦɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦ ɞɟ- ɬɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ. ȼ 2017–2018 ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦ ɝɨɞɭ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɆȻɈɍ «ɈɈɒ ʋ 39» ɝ. Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɨ ɩɨɞ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ: «Ⱦɨɛɪɨ ɧɟ ɬɟɪɩɢɬ ɩɪɨɦɟɞɥɟɧɶɹ», «ɉɟɪɟɞɚɣ ɞɨɛɪɨ ɩɨ ɤɪɭɝɭ», «ȼ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɟ – ɫ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ», «Ɇɨɫɬɢɤ ɞɨɛɪɨɬɵ», «Ɇɵ ɡɚ ɱɢ- ɫɬɵɣ ɝɨɪɨɞ», «ȼɪɚɝ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ – ɷɬɨ ɦɭɫɨɪ», «Ȼɟɡɞɨɦɧɵɟ ɫɨɛɚɤɢ ɧɚ ɭɥɢɰɚɯ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ», «Ʌɟɬɨɩɢɫɶ ɞɨɛɪɵɯ ɞɟɥ». ɋ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ, ɪɟɛɹɬɚ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹɯ, ɫɟɦɢɧɚɪɚɯ ɢ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɚɯ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɩɨɛɟɞɢɬɟ- ɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɡɟɪɚɦɢ: ɨɛɥɚɫɬɧɚɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ «Ⱦɢɚɥɨɝ»; ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɚɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɚɹ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɲɤɨɥɶ- ɧɢɤɨɜ «ɘɧɵɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ»; ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɚɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɚɹ ɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɚɹ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹ «ɏɨɱɭ ɜɫɟ ɡɧɚɬɶ»; ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ «ɉɟɪ- ɜɵɟ ɲɚɝɢ ɜ ɧɚɭɤɟ»; ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ ȼɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɨ- ɪɭɦɚ «Ɂɟɥɟɧɚɹ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɚ 2017», ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɹ: «ɉɪɢɪɨɞɚ. Ʉɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ. ɗɤɨɥɨ- ɝɢɹ»; ɦɟɠɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫ ɜɢɞɟɨɪɨɥɢɤɨɜ «ɗɬɨɬ ɭɞɢɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɢɪ»; ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɰɢɹ «Ʌɟɬɨɩɢɫɶ ɞɨɛɪɵɯ ɞɟɥ». Ɇɵ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ɪɟɲɚɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ: ɜɨɫɩɢɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ, ɧɨ ɟɳɺ ɢ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ, ɷɧɟɪɝɢɱɧɵɯ, ɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ, ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɢɦɱɢɜɵɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɦɟɸɬ ɞɨɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɨ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɬɶ ɡɚ ɫɟɛɹ ɢ ɫɜɨɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɚɞ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɟɪɟ- ɠɢɬɶ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɩɨɬɟɧ- ɰɢɚɥ. Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɭɱɚɳɢɣɫɹ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɡɚ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ- ɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɩɵɬ, ɩɪɢɦɟɪɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɨɥɢ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɟɛɹ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɧɨ ɢ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨ. ɍ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ

151 ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɚɯ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ, ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɭɱɟɧɢɸ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɭ- ɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɲɚɧɫ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɢ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ⱥɫɦɨɥɨɜ, Ⱥ. Ƚ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ: ɨɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɤ ɦɵɫɥɢ. [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] : ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ / Ⱥ. Ƚ. Ⱥɫɦɨɥɨɜ. – Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 2010. – 105 ɫ. 2. Ʉɚɞɵɤɨɜɚ, Ɉ. Ɇ. Ɉɛɳɟɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ – ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ɉ. Ɇ. Ʉɚ- ɞɵɤɨɜɚ // ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ. – 2013. – ʋ 5. – ɋ. 14–22. 3. Ʉɭɪɛɚɬɨɜ, ȼ. ɂ. ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] : ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨ- ɛɢɟ / ȼ. ɂ. Ʉɭɪɛɚɬɨɜ, Ɉ. ȼ. Ʉɭɪɛɚɬɨɜɚ. – Ɋɨɫɬɨɜ ɧ/ɞ: Ɏɟɧɢɤɫ, 2011. – ɋ. 6–68. 4. Ʌɟɧɶɤɨɜ, Ɋ. ȼ. ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɭɱɟɛ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ / Ɋ. ȼ. Ʌɟɧɶɤɨɜ. – Ɇ.: ɐɋɉ ɢ Ɇ, 2013. – 192 ɫ. 5. ɋɬɟɧɢɧɚ, Ɍ. Ʌ. ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɥɨ- ɞɟɠɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ɍ. Ʌ. ɋɬɟɧɢɧɚ. – ɍɥɶɹɧɨɜɫɤ: ɍɥȽɌɍ,2011. – 129 ɫ.

ɍȾɄ 372.48 Ʌ. Ʌ. ȼɚɯɪɚɦɟɟɜɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «Ʉɚɡɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ», ɇɨɜɨɤɭɡɧɟɰɤɢɣ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɣɨɧ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]

Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ ɫ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɦɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ

ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ, ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɚ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ, ɩɪɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɫɜɨɟɣ Ɋɨɞɢɧɵ. ɑɟɪɟɡ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɫɬɜɨ ɫ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɟɣ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɫɟɥɚ, ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɜɢɤɬɨɪɢɧɵ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ. Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɥɸɛɨɜɶ ɤ Ɋɨɞɢɧɟ ɢ ɪɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɤɪɚɸ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɧɟɦɚɥɨɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ.

Ⱦɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ, ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɫɟɥɚ, ɜɢɤɬɨɪɢɧɚ, ɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɚɪɲ- ɪɭɬ, ɦɢɧɢ-ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ.

152 L. L. Vakhrameevɚ, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «Kazankovo General Education School», Novokuznetsk municipal district, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]

Implementation of the activity approach to extracurricular activities with primary school children to study their native region

Ɍhis paper reflects on the essence of the activity approach in the formation of knowledge about children’s homeland through introduction to the history and culture of their village, through quizzes and creative works. It is essential since in the life of every person love for the Motherland and native region plays an important role.

The activity approach, the history of native village, quiz, school route, mini-essays.

ɑɬɨ ɦɵ Ɋɨɞɢɧɨɣ ɡɨɜɟɦ? ɋɨɥɧɰɟ ɜ ɧɟɛɟ ɝɨɥɭɛɨɦ ɂ ɞɭɲɢɫɬɵɣ, ɡɨɥɨɬɢɫɬɵɣ ɏɥɟɛ ɡɚ ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɱɧɵɦ ɫɬɨɥɨɦ. ɑɬɨ ɦɵ Ɋɨɞɢɧɨɣ ɡɨɜɟɦ? Ʉɪɚɣ, ɝɞɟ ɦɵ ɫ ɬɨɛɨɣ ɠɢɜɟɦ… ȼ. ɋɬɟɩɚɧɨɜ

Ⱦɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ – ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ. ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ. ȼɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɹ ɫ ɦɢɪɨɦ, ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɭɱɢɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɫɟɛɹ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɫɬɚɧɨ- ɜɢɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɢɦ ɫɨɛɨɣ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɟɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ, ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ. Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɸ «ɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ» ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɥ ɚɦɟɪɢ- ɤɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɭɱɺɧɵɣ Ⱦ. Ⱦɶɸɢ [1]. ɂɦ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ: – ɭɱɺɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ; – ɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɵɫɥɢ ɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ; – ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɟɣ; – ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɚɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɢ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ. «ɋɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɧɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɬɶ ɭɱɚɳɟɦɭɫɹ ɝɨɬɨɜɵɦɢ, ɧɨ ɟɝɨ ɧɚɞɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɧ ɫɚɦ ɢɯ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥ, ɫɚɦ ɢɦɢ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɜɚɥ. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɢɣ, ɫɚɦɵɣ ɬɪɭɞɧɵɣ, ɫɚɦɵɣ ɪɟɞɤɢɣ…» (Ⱥ. Ⱦɢ- ɫɬɟɪɜɟɝ). ɉɪɨɲɥɨ ɭɠɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 50 ɥɟɬ ɫ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ, ɤɚɤ ɚɜɬɨɪɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɢ- ɫɬɟɦɵ Ⱦ. Ȼ. ɗɥɶɤɨɧɢɧ, ȼ. ȼ. Ɋɟɩɤɢɧ, ȼ. ȼ. Ⱦɚɜɵɞɨɜ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɜɵɞɜɢɧɭɥɢ 153 ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɡɜɟɧɟ ɲɤɨɥɵ, ɧɨ ɢ ɡɚɩɭ- ɫɬɢɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɟ ɲɤɨɥɵ, ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ. ɂ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɫɩɭɫɬɹ ɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɧɚɲɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɚ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɥɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɢ ɫɬɚɪɲɟɣ [2]. ɉɨɞ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɵɦ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢ- ɟɫɹ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɦɢ «ɩɪɢɺɦɧɢɤɚɦɢ» ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɚ ɫɚɦɢ ɚɤɬɢɜ- ɧɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ, ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ. ɐɟɥɶɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟ- ɛɟɧɤɚ ɤɚɤ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ȼɵɬɶ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ – ɛɵɬɶ ɯɨɡɹɢɧɨɦ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ: ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɰɟɥɢ, ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɨɬɜɟɱɚɬɶ ɡɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɋɭɬɶ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ «ɜɫɟɯ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɪ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɣ, ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɭɫɥɨɠ- ɧɹɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɢɛɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɟɥɨ- ɜɟɤ ɭɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɬ ɧɚɭɤɭ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ, ɨɛɨɛɳɚɟɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ- ɧɢɹ ɦɢɪɚ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ». ɋɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɟ ɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɢɬɚɣɫɤɨɣ ɦɭɞɪɨɫɬɶɸ. «ə ɫɥɵɲɭ – ɹ ɡɚɛɵɜɚɸ, ɹ ɜɢɠɭ – ɹ ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɸ, ɹ ɞɟɥɚɸ – ɹ ɭɫɜɚɢ- ɜɚɸ». ȿɳɟ ɋɨɤɪɚɬ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɥ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɢɝɪɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɮɥɟɣɬɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ, ɢɝɪɚɹ ɫɚɦɨɦɭ. Ɍɨɱɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɥɢɲɶ ɬɨɝɞɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɧɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ- ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɹ ɫɱɢɬɚɸ, ɱɬɨ ɞɟ- ɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɤɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ- ɧɨɫɬɶ, ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɟɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɚɦ [2]. Ʉɪɭɠɤɨɜɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɢ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ- ɧɨɫɬɶ ɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɸ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɥɸɛɜɢ ɤ ɪɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɫɟɥɭ, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɡɧɚ- ɤɨɦɫɬɜɨ ɫ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɟɣ, ɥɸɞɶɦɢ. ȼɟɞɶ ɷɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ, ɜɫɟɦ ɧɚɦ ɞɨɪɨɝ ɬɨɬ ɭɝɨɥɨɤ, ɝɞɟ ɦɵ ɪɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɢ ɠɢɜɟɦ. Ɏɨɪɦɵ ɤɪɭɠɤɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɛɨ- ɬɵ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵ ɷɬɨ ɷɤɫɤɭɪɫɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɭ, ɩɨɫɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɦɭɡɟɹ, ɪɟɤɢ, ɩɪɚɤ- ɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ, ɥɟɤɰɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɢɤɬɨɪɢɧɵ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɬɟɦɚɦ. ȼɨ- ɩɪɨɫɵ ɜɢɤɬɨɪɢɧɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɱɥɟɧɚɦ ɤɪɭɠɤɚ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ, ɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɞɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɛɵɥɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ- ɫɹ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɡɚɳɢɬɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ. ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ. Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ʋ 1. Ɉɬɜɟɬɶ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ. 1. ɋɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɟ Ɂɟɦɥɹ? 2. ɇɚ ɤɚɤɨɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɤɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɧɚɲɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɚ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɧɚ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ? 3. Ʉɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɲɚ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ. ɑɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɲɢɦ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɦ? 4. ȼ ɤɚɤɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ ɦɵ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɟɦ? 5. Ʉɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɲɟ ɫɟɥɨ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ? 6. ɇɚ ɛɟɪɟɝɭ, ɤɚɤɨɣ ɪɟɤɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɧɚɲɟ ɫɟɥɨ. Ʉɭɞɚ ɨɧɚ ɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ? 7.Ⱦɨɫɬɨɩɪɢɦɟɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɫɟɥɚ? 154 8. Ʉɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɲ ɦɭɡɟɣ? 9. ɋɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɭ ɧɚɫ ɜ ɫɟɥɟ ɭɥɢɰ, ɤɚɤɚɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɚɹ? 10. ɇɚ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɭɥɢɰɟ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɚɲɚ ɫɟɦɶɹ? Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ʋ 2. ɋɨɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬ ɨɬ ɞɨɦɚ ɞɨ ɲɤɨɥɵ. (Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟ ɡɚ- ɞɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɞɨɦɚ). Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɹ ɞɚɸ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɲɚɛɥɨɧ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡ. 1. ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɥɢɰɵ, ɦɨɢ ɫɨɫɟɞɢ, ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɦ ɥɟɬ? 2. ɉɨ ɞɨɪɨɝɟ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɭ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɫɩɪɚɜɚ, ɫɥɟɜɚ? 3. ȼɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɢ ɧɚ ɦɨɟɦ ɩɭɬɢ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ, ɢ ɤɚɤ ɬɵ ɢɯ ɩɪɟ- ɨɞɨɥɟɜɚɟɲɶ? (ɩɪɨɟɡɠɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɞɨɪɨɝɢ) 4. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɹ, ɩɬɢɰɵ ɬɟɛɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɜɨɟɦ ɩɭɬɢ? Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ʋ 3. ɉɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɶ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡ ɧɚ ɬɟɦɭ: «ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɣ ɮɨ- ɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ». ɗɬɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢ- ɟɫɹ ɫɩɪɚɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɫ ɧɢɦ, ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɩɪɨɲɭ ɤ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶɫɹ. ȼɟɞɶ ɫɬɚɪɵɟ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ, ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵ ɫɬɚɪɲɢɯ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɫɟɦɶɢ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɞɟɬɹɦ ɝɥɭɛɠɟ ɨɫɨ- ɡɧɚɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɵ ɢ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ. Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ʋ 4. ɇɚɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɪɢɫɭɣɬɟ ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ «ɋɟɥɨ ɦɨɟɣ ɦɟɱɬɵ». Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɞɨɦɚ. Ɉɛɭɱɚɬɶ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ – ɷɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧ- ɧɵɦ, ɭɱɢɬɶ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ, ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɰɟɥɶ ɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɭɬɢ, ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ, ɟɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ. ɋɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭ ɫɟɛɹ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ, ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɢ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢ ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɷɬɚɩɨɦ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɥɸɛɜɢ ɤ Ɋɨɞɢɧɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɪɨɞ- ɧɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ, ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɯ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɧɨɪɦ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɢɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɦɢɪɭ ɟɝɨ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ. Ʌɸɛɨɜɶ ɤ Ɉɬɱɢɡɧɟ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɥɸɛɜɢ ɤ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɦɚɥɨɣ Ɋɨɞɢɧɟ – ɦɟɫɬɭ, ɝɞɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɪɨɞɢɥɫɹ [3]. Ⱦ. ɋ. Ʌɢɯɚɱɟɜ ɩɢɫɚɥ: «ȼɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɥɸɛɜɢ ɤ ɪɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɤɪɚɸ, ɤ ɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ, ɤ ɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ – ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ, ɢ ɧɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨ- ɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɨ ɞɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ. ɇɨ ɤɚɤ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɶ ɷɬɭ ɥɸɛɨɜɶ? Ɉɧɚ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɦɚɥɨɝɨ – ɫ ɥɸɛɜɢ ɤ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɫɟɦɶɟ, ɤ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɞɨɦɭ. ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɹɫɶ, ɷɬɚ ɥɸɛɨɜɶ ɤ ɪɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɭɝɨɥɤɭ, ɤɪɚɸ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɜɶ ɤ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɭ, ɤ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ, ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɦɭ ɢ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɭ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɤɨ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɭ».

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ƚɪɢɲɢɧɚ, ɂ. ɂ. Ʉɪɚɟɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɦ ɫɚɞɭ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɂ. ɂ. Ƚɪɢɲɢɧɚ, Ɉ. ɂ. Ⱦɚɜɵɞɟɧɤɨ, ȿ. ȼ. ɋɜɢɧɢɧɚ // Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ. 2017. – ʋ 5. – ɋ. 32–34.URL https://moluch.ru/th/4/archive/74/2864/ (ɞɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟ- ɧɢɹ: 22.10.2018).

155 2. Ɇɚɪɰɢɧɤɨɜɫɤɚɹ, Ɍ. Ⱦ. Ⱦɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ɍ. Ⱦ. Ɇɚɪɰɢɧɤɨɜɫɤɚɹ. – Ɇ.: ɅɂɇɄȺ-ɉɊȿɋɋ, 2017. 3. Ɇɚɬɜɟɟɜɚ, ȿ. ɂ. Ⱦɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɫɟɪɢɹ «ɇɨɜɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ» [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ȿ. ɂ. Ɇɚɬɜɟɟɜɚ, ɂ. ȿ. ɉɚɬɪɢɤɟɟɜɚ. – Ɇ.: ȼɂɌȺ – ɉɊȿɋɋ, 2016

ɍȾɄ 373.3 Ʉ. ɂ. ȼɚɯɪɚɦɟɟɜ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «Ʉɚɡɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ», ɇɨɜɨɤɭɡɧɟɰɤɢɣ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɣɨɧ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]

ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ

ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɮɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɦɥɚɞ- ɲɢɦɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚɦ, ɩɨ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɟ Ʉɭɡɛɚɫɫɚ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨ- ɛɥɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɠɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. ɗɬɢɦ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɨɛɴɹɫ- ɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ.

ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ, ɪɨɥɟɜɵɟ ɢɝɪɵ, ɜɧɟɤɥɚɫɫɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ.

K. I. Vakhrameev, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «Kazankovo General Education School», Novokuznetsk municipal district, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]

Environmental education of primary school children

This article discusses the forms and methods of work with primary school children on the environmental problem of Kuzbass, as this issue directly affects the resi- dents of the region. This forms the relevance of this article since there is a need to explain the importance of good ecology to learners.

Ecology, role-playing games, extracurricular activities.

ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ – ɷɬɨ ɧɚɭɤɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɬ, ɜɡɚɢɦoɫɜɹɡɢ ɠɢɜɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡ- ɦɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ. ɗɤoɥoɝɢɹ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɬ ɬɨ, ɤɚɤ ɥɸɞɢ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɣ (ɤɚɤ ɨɧɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ, ɤɚɤ ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɧɟɺ). ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɡɚɞɭɦɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɛ ɨɬɧɨ-

156 ɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɟɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ. Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟ- ɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ, ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ. ɗɬɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɞɟɬɫɬɜɚ, ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɡɚɤɪɟɩ- ɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ [1]. ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ – ɷɬɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɥɸɛɨɜɢ ɤ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɢ ɫɨ- ɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɧɟɣ. ɍɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɫɤɪɵɬɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɛɵɬɶ ɜɞɨɯɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɢ ɫɚɦɢ ɩɪɢɲɥɢ ɤ ɷɬɨɣ ɦɵɫɥɢ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ [2]. Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɤ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨ- ɰɟɫɫɟ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ, ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɨ, ɱɬɨ- ɛɵ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟ- ɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ. ɇɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ, ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɟɠɢɜɨɣ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɣ, ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɦɢ, ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɣ ɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ. Ȼɟɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ, ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ [2]. ɉɪɨɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɟɠɢɜɨɣ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜ ɥɟɫɭ, ɧɚ ɥɭɝɭ, ɜ ɜɨɞɨɟɦɟ, ɜ ɛɨɥɨɬɟ, ɜ ɩɨɥɟ ɷɬɨ ɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ. Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɱɟ- ɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɣ. ɑɟɥɨɜɟɤ – ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ, ɨɧ ɧɟɨɬɞɟɥɢɦ ɨɬ ɧɟɟ. ɋɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɞɭ- ɯɨɜɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɥɸɞɟɣ. ɋɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ, ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɜɡɚɢɦɨ- ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ, ɤɚɤ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɜ ɪɟɤɟ, ɜɵɪɭɛɤɚ ɞɟ- ɪɟɜɶɟɜ, ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ [3]. ȼɨɫɩɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢ- ɤɚ, ɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ, ɢɝɪɨɜɵɟ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ. ɉɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɝɪɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬ ɥɸɛɨɡɧɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɢɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɨ- ɞɢɬɶ ɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ, ɢ ɜ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ. ɇɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɢɝɪɚ «Ɂɟɥɺɧɚɹ ɚɩɬɟɤɚ», ɝɞɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɫ- ɬɟɧɢɹ. Ⱦɟɬɢ ɞɟɥɹɬɫɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɩɵɬɨɦ ɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɨ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɯ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɢɝɪɵ ɤɚɤ: «ɂɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨ – ɩɨ- ɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɝɪɵ «Ɍɪɨɩɨɣ ɬɭɪɢɫɬɚ», «Ɉ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɢ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɯ», «ɉɬɢɰɵ – ɧɚɲɢ ɞɪɭɡɶɹ», «ɘɧɵɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢ»», ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɡɧɚɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ [3]. ȼɢɤɬɨɪɢɧɚ – ɷɬɨ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɮɨɪɦ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɭɱɟ- ɧɢɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɢ ɥɟɝɤɚɹ ɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɨɛɭ- ɱɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ. ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ 157 ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɯ ɢ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ ɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶ- ɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɩɟɯɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢ- ɪɚ ɢ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ ɠɟ, ɨɛɳɚɹ ɷɪɭɞɢɰɢɹ. ȼɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɜɢɞɵ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ: ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɢ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɵ- ɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɤɚɤ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɩɨ- ɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ – ɷɬɨ ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɢ ɡɚ- ɞɚɱɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ, ɤɚɤ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɛɵɬɭ [1]. ȼɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ, ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɜɧɟɤɥɚɫɫɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɧɟ- ɭɪɨɱɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚɦɢ. Ɂɚɧɢɦɚɹɫɶ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟ- ɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɦɥɚɞɲɢɟ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬ ɡɚ ɠɢɡɧɶɸ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ, ɠɢɜɨɬ- ɧɵɯ, ɚ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɭɱɚɬɫɹ ɥɸɛɢɬɶ, ɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ ɪɨɞɧɭɸ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɭ, ɪɨɞɧɭɸ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɢ ɝɞɟ ɦɵ ɪɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɢ ɠɢɜɟɦ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ȼɚɪɵɲɟɜɚ, ɘ. Ⱥ. ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɠɢɜɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɦ ɫ ɨɫɧɨ- ɜɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ / ɘ. Ⱥ. Ȼɚɪɵɲɟɜɚ, ȼ. ɉ. Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɚ. – Ɇ.: ȼȺɄɈ, 2014. – 144 ɫ. 2. Ʉɥɢɦɰɨɜɚ Ɍ. Ⱥ. ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ. – 3 ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ / Ɍ. Ⱥ. Ʉɥɢɦɰɨɜɚ, ȿ. ɂ. Ɍɭɩɢɤɢɧ. – Ɇ.: ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ «Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ». – 2000. – 75–76 ɫ. 3. ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] : ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨ- ɫɨɛɢɟ / ɋ. ȼ. Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟɟɜ, ɇ. ȼ. Ƚɪɭɡɞɟɜɚ, Ʌ. ȼ. ɋɢɦɨɧɨɜɚ; ɩɨɞ ɨɛɳ. ɪɟɞ. ɋ. ȼ. Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟɟɜɚ. – ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ: ɋɩɟɰ. ɥɢɬ., 1999. – 85 ɫ.

ɍȾɄ 373.3 Ʌ. Ⱥ. Ƚɚɧɠɚɥɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 44», ɉɨɥɵɫɚɟɜɫɤɢɣ ȽɈ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]

ɉɪɨɟɤɬɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ

Ⱥɜɬɨɪ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬ ɨɩɵɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɭɸ ɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. 158 ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɹ «ɉɨɱɟɦɭɱɤɢ», ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɣ.

L. A. Ganzhala, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «General Education School ʋ 44», Polysayevo urban district, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]

Project and research activity as a way of formation of universal educational actions in primary school children

The author of the article describes the experience of working on the formation of universal actions in primary school children through project and research activity.

Universal educational action, project and research activity, the laboratory «Pochemuchky», diagnostic tools.

Ⱦɟɬɢ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɥɸɛɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɵ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɵ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɹ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ. Ɇɥɚɞ- ɲɢɟ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɭ, ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɸ, ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɪɨɟɤɬɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɢɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɢ ɨɛɪɟɫɬɢ ɜɤɭɫ ɤ ɭɱɺɛɟ. ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɭɫɜɚɢɜɚɸɬ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɫɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ, ɚ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɧɢɯ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ. ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɝɨɞɢɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɨɛɭ- ɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɫɹ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɤɧɢɠɤɢ-ɦɚɥɵɲɤɢ ɫ ɡɚɝɚɞɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɨ ɛɭɤɜɵ ɚɥɮɚɜɢɬɚ. ɇɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɨɧɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɬɜɨɪ- ɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ. ɇɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɝɨɞɢɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ, ɪɟɛɹɬɚ ɞɟɥɚ- ɸɬ ɦɢɧɢ-ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ ɩɨ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɦɭ ɦɢɪɭ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚɹ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ, ɨɧɢ ɨɛɪɚ- ɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɤ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ: ɫɥɨɜɚɪɹɦ, ɷɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɹɦ, ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦ ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɚ. Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɜ ɭɫɬɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɪɭɤɨ- ɩɢɫɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ. Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɦ, ɧɚ ɦɨɣ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ, ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɫɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ «Ɂɚɝɚɞ- ɤɢ». Ɋɟɛɹɬɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɥɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɩɨ ɫɛɨɪɭ ɡɚɝɚɞɨɤ. Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɝɨɬɨɜɢɥ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɭ Ⱥ-4. Ɂɚɝɚɞɤɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɥɢ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚɦɢ-ɩɨɞɫɤɚɡɤɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɟɬɢ ɩɨɞɛɢɪɚɥɢ, ɧɚɤɥɟɢɜɚɥɢ ɢ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɥɢ ɫɚɦɢ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɥɢ ɜ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɤɧɢɝɭ. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɷɬɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɩɨɛɟɞɚ. ɉɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. Ⱦɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɜ ɩɟɪ- ɜɨɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɬɶ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɭɪɨɤɨɦ [2, ɋ. 48]. ȼɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɸ ɨɬ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɞɨ ɞɜɭɯ ɧɟɞɟɥɶ. Ɇɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦ ɢɯ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɨɤɪɭɠɚ-

159 ɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɱɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ «Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨ- ɝɢɹ» ȿ. Ⱥ. Ʌɭɬɰɟɜɨɣ «ɒɤɨɥɚ XXI ɜɟɤɚ». ȼ ɟɺ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ. Ɍɚɤ, ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɦɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɥɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ «ɂɧɬɟɪɶɟɪ ɞɨɦɚ», «ɘɧɵɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɟɪ», ɜ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ – «ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɤɨɫɬɸɦɚ». Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ, ɜɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ, ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. ɇɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɬɟɦɨɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɟ- ɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ. ɇɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɩɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɥɚ ɪɟɛɹɬ ɫ Ⱥɬɥɚɫɨɦ-ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɣ. Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɜ ɷɤɫɤɭɪɫɢɸ ɩɨ ɨɤɪɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɉɨɥɵɫɚɟɜɨ, ɦɵ ɫ ɩɨɦɨ- ɳɶɸ Ⱥɬɥɚɫɚ ɫɨɛɪɚɥɢ ɝɟɪɛɚɪɢɣ ɥɟɤɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɜ. ɗɬɨɬ ɝɟɪɛɚɪɢɣ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ. ɋɥɢɱɚɹ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɨɦ ɜ Ⱥɬɥɚɫɟ-ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɟ, ɭ ɪɟɛɹɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹ- ɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. ȼɟɫɧɨɣ ɜɨ 2 ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɸ ɷɤɫɤɭɪɫɢɸ ɜ ɩɚɪɤ. ɐɟɥɶ ɷɤɫɤɭɪɫɢɢ – ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɠɢɜɨɣ ɢ ɧɟɠɢɜɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɣ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɹɸɬ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɚ «ɑɬɨ ɦɵ ɭɜɢɞɟɥɢ ɜ ɩɚɪɤɟ». Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɬɟɤɫɬɵ ɦɢɧɢ- ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɣ, «ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ» ɪɟɛɹɬ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɫɬɢɯɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɝɚɞɨɤ, ɪɢɫɭɧɤɢ, ɧɚ ɤɨ- ɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɧɢ ɡɚɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɥɢ ɭɞɢɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɢɪ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ. ȼɫɟ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɫ ɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɱɢɬɚɸɬ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ. ɗɬɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨɥɨɠɢ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɛɹɬ. ȼ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɪɟɛɹɬɚ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɨɩɵɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ, ɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɤ ɞɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɦ, ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɹɰ. ɂɯ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɦ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ «ɉɪɨɟɤɬɵ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ». ȼ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɥɚ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɛɹɬ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɭɥɢ- ɰɚɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɉɨɥɵɫɚɟɜɨ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɨɫɶ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɛɟɡɞɨɦɧɵɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ. ɍɱɟɧɢɤ ɦɨ- ɟɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ Ʉɨɫɬɟɪɟɧɤɨ Ⱥɧɞɪɟɣ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɥɫɹ, ɩɨɱɟɦɭ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ. Ɍɚɤ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɚɫɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ, ɧɚɞ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɥɚ ɩɨɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ. ɂ ɧɚɱɚ- ɥɚɫɶ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɞɚɥɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ «Ɇɵ ɜ ɨɬɜɟɬɟ ɡɚ ɬɟɯ, ɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɪɭɱɢɥɢ». Ⱥɧɞɪɟɣ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɥ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɹ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨ- ɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɚ. ɉɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɥɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɭ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɚɧɤɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɜɡɹɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɪ- ɜɶɸ ɭ ɜɟɬɟɪɢɧɚɪɚ, ɡɚɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɞɫɱɟɬɨɦ ɛɟɡɞɨɦɧɵɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ, ɩɨɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɡɚ ɢɯ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ, ɦɟɫɬɚɦɢ ɫɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ȼ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚ- ɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɥɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɢ ɫɬɚɪɲɚɹ ɫɟɫɬɪɚ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɛɵɥ ɝɨɬɨɜ, Ⱥɧɞɪɟɣ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɢɥ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɨɞɧɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɧɨɦ ɱɚɫɟ, ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɜ ɩɭɬɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ. Ɋɟɛɹɬɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɜɵ- ɫɬɚɜɤɭ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɨɜ, ɩɪɨɜɟɥɢ ɚɤɰɢɸ «Ɇɵ ɜ ɨɬɜɟɬɟ ɡɚ ɬɟɯ, ɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɪɭɱɢɥɢ», ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɢɥɢ ɥɢɫɬɨɜɤɢ. ȼ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɝɨɬɨɜɹɬ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ. Ɋɟɛɹ- ɬɚɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɫɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɦɢ ɬɟɦɵ: «Ƚɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɪɤ ɢɦ. ɂ. Ƚɨɪɨɜɰɚ», «ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ɜ ɦɚɥɨɦ ɝɨɪɨɞɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɉɨɥɵ- 160 ɫɚɟɜɨ». ɋ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ ɏɨɪɨɯɨɪɞɢɧɚ Ʉ. ɜɵɫɬɭɩɢɥɚ ɧɚ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ «ɒɚɝ ɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɟ» ɫɟɤɰɢɹ «ə – ɦɚɥɟɧɶ- ɤɢɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ», ɝɞɟ ɡɚɧɹɥɚ 1 ɦɟɫɬɨ. ɇɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ «Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭ ɢ ɫɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɷɬɢɤɢ» ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ. Ʉɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɬɜɨɪɱɟ- ɫɬɜɨ ɭɱɢɬ ɪɟɛɹɬ ɨɛɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɞɟɬɶɦɢ, ɩɪɢɫɥɭɲɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɢɯ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɋ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɤ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɧɚ ɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɣ ɫɟɦɶɢ ɢ ɭɜɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɤ ɟɺ ɱɥɟɧɚɦ, ɦɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢ- ɥɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ «Ɇɨɹ ɪɨɞɨɫɥɨɜɧɚɹ», «Ɍɪɚɞɢɰɢɢ ɦɨɟɣ ɫɟɦɶɢ», «Ⱦɨɛɪɨ ɢ ɡɥɨ ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɯ ɫɤɚɡɤɚɯ», «Ⱦɨɛɪɨɞɟɬɟɥɶ ɢ ɩɨɪɨɤ». Ɋɚɛɨɬɚɹ ɜ ɩɢɥɨɬɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɩɨ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɎȽɈɋ, ɧɚɲɚ ɲɤɨɥɚ ɩɨɥɭ- ɱɢɥɚ ɤɚɛɢɧɟɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɟ ɥɚɛɨɪɚ- ɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨ- ɤɚɯ ɢ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵ- ɦɢ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɭɸ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɸ «ɉɨ- ɱɟɦɭɱɤɢ». ɐɟɥɶ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ – ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɵɬɨɜ ɢ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ. ɇɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ – ɢɡɭɱɚɸɬ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɱ- ɜɵ, ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɥɚɜɭɱɟɫɬɢ ɬɟɥ, ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɟ ɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬ ɡɚ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɨɩɵɬɵ ɫ ɜɨɞɨɣ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɛɹɬ ɛɵɥɢ ɥɚɛɨɪɚ- ɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɟ «ɇɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɩɨɝɨɞɨɣ» ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚ- ɬɨɪɚ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ – LabDisk. ɗɬɨ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ, ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɭɱɟ- ɧɢɤɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɧɟɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɵɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɵ ɢ ɨɩɵɬɵ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚ- ɧɹɸɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɛ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ (ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚ- ɬɭɪɵ, ɫɜɟɬɚ, ɜɥɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɜ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.). ɂɡɭɱɚɹ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɫɧɟɠɢɧɤɢ, ɩɟɫɱɢɧɤɢ, ɤɨɠɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ, ɪɟɛɹɬɚ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɦ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɤɨɩɨɦ. Ɉɧ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɫ- ɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɦɟɥɶɱɚɣɲɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɜ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɢɞɟɨɡɚɩɢɫɢ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚɹ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ «ɉɨɱɟɦɭɱɤɢ», ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ: «ɋɧɟɝ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ», «Ʉɚɤ ɡɭɛɧɚɹ ɩɚɫɬɚ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɡɭɛɵ», «ɑɭɞɟɫɧɵɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ», «Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɣ ɣɨɝɭɪɬ», «ɉɢɳɟɜɚɹ ɫɨɞɚ ɜ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɠɢɡ- ɧɢ: ɬɚɤɚɹ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɚɹ ɢ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɚɹ», «ȼɨɞɨɟɦɵ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ» ɢ ɞɪ. ɇɚɛɥɸɞɚɹ ɡɚ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɨɬ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɤ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɸ, ɹ ɭɛɟɞɢɥɚɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɫɬɟɬ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɜ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ- ɫɬɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɣ, ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ 161 ɩɨɫɨɛɢɢ «Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶ- ɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ: ɨɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɤ ɦɵɫɥɢ» (ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. Ⱥ. Ƚ. Ⱥɫɦɨɥɨɜɚ) (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ) [1].

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ Ⱦɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ

Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ Ʌɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ «Ʉɬɨ ə?» (Ɇ. Ʉɭɧ). Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ «ɏɨɪɨɲɢɣ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ». Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɉɪɨɛɚ ɧɚ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ (ɉ. ə. Ƚɚɥɶɩɟɪɢɧ ɢ ɋ. Ʌ. Ʉɚɛɵɥɶ- ɧɢɰɤɚɹ) ɉɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ Ⱦɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɪɟ- ɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ (Ⱥ. Ɋ. Ʌɭɪɢɹ, Ʌ. ɋ. ɐɜɟɬɤɨɜɚ), ɒɤɚɥɚ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ (Ƚ. ɘ. Ʉɫɟɧɡɨɜɚ). Ʉɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ «Ʉɬɨ ɩɪɚɜ?» (Ƚ. Ⱥ. ɐɭɤɟɪɦɚɧ ɢ ɞɪ.), ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ «Ⱦɨɪɨɝɚ ɤ ɞɨɦɭ» (ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ «Ⱥɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɨɪ-ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶ»).

Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɥɚɫɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ. Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ; ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ; ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɸ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ; ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɪɚ- ɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɟ ɢ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɬɶ ɡɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɭɞɚ; ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟ- ɧɢɸ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɬɪɭ- ɞɚ; ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɵɱɤɭ ɤ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ, ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ [2].

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ⱥɫɦɨɥɨɜ, Ⱥ. Ƚ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ. Ɉɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɤ ɦɵɫɥɢ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ / Ⱥ. Ƚ. Ⱥɫɦɨɥɨɜ, Ƚ. ȼ. Ȼɭɪɦɟɧɫɤɚɹ, ɂ. Ⱥ. ȼɨɥɨɞɚɪɫɤɚɹ. – Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 2008. – 151 ɫ. 2. əɤɢɦɨɜ, ɇ. Ⱥ. ɉɪɨɟɤɬɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɇ. Ⱥ. əɤɢɦɨɜ // ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɲɤɨɥɶ- ɧɢɤɨɜ. – 2003. – ʋ 1. – ɋ. 48–51.

162 ɍȾɄ 373.3 ɂ. ɇ. Ɂɜɹɝɢɧɰɟɜɚ, Ʌ. Ƚ. Ʉɚɱɚɧ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 12 Ƚɟɪɨɹ ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɸɡɚ ɑɟɪɧɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɟɦɟɧɚ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɢɱɚ»; ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɇɨɜɨɤɭɡɧɟɰɤɢɣ ȽɈ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

Ɋɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɵɟ ɠɚɧɪɵ ɜ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ

ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɫɹ ɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨ-ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɢ- ɬɚɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɭɡɟɹ. ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚɦɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɵɯ ɠɚɧɪɨɜ ɜ ɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ.

Ɇɭɡɟɣɧɵɣ ɠɚɧɪ, ɦɭɡɟɣ-ɬɟɚɬɪ, ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɦɭɡɟɣ- ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɤɚɹ.

I. N. Zvyagintseva, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «Hero of the Soviet Union Semen Chernovsky General Education School ʋ 12», Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]; L. G. Kachan, Institute for Further Training, the city of Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]

The role of various museum genres in achievement of metasubject results of primary school children

The article discusses the issue of spiritual and moral education of learners through the activities of the school museum. The authors consider the use of various museum genres by teachers in class and extracurricular activities in shaping the reading literacy of students.

Museum genre, museum-theater, literary education, theater workshop.

ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɚ. ɍɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ ɜ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ, ɡɚɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɹ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɚ- ɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ, ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ- 163 ɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ. ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɲɟɫɬɜ ɩɨ- ɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɚɹ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ, ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭ- ɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ [2, 3]. ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ, 75 % ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ 38 % ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɸɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɩɨɬɪɟɛ- ɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɢ ɜ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɹɯ [4]. ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ «ɒɤɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɭɡɟɣ ɤɚɤ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨ- ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɎȽɈɋ», ɤ ɬɟɦɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɩɪɨɹɜɢɥɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɚ ɲɤɨɥɵ. ɒɤɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɭɡɟɣ ɛɨɟɜɨɣ ɢ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɣ ɫɥɚɜɵ «ɉɚɦɹɬɶ» ɆȻɈɍ «ɋɈɒ ʋ 12» ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɦɟɦɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ 50-ɥɟɬ. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɪɟɬɟɪɩɟɥɚ ɫɟɪɶɟɡ- ɧɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ. Ɇɭɡɟɸ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɬɟɫɧɨ ɜ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɫɬɟɧɚɯ, ɢ ɨɧ «ɩɨɲɟɥ» ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɢ, ɤɥɚɫɫɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɵ, ɧɚ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɪ. ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ, ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɩɨɢɫɤ, ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɢ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɧɞɚ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɨɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚɦɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɢ ɤ ɢɞɟɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɵɯ ɠɚɧɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɢ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ «ɦɭɡɟɣɧɵɣ ɠɚɧɪ», ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɥɨ ɨɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɩɪɚɤ- ɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ. ɇɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɞɚɸɬ ɫɢɫɬɟ- ɦɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɵɯ ɠɚɧɪɚɯ ɢ ɫɪɟɞ- ɫɬɜɚɯ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɂɯ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɢɧɧɨ- ɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɜɡɝɥɹɞɨɜ, ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ, ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ. ɇɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɷɬɚ- ɩɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɢɡɭɱɚɥɢɫɶ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɪɚɡ- ɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɵɟ ɠɚɧɪɵ. Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɤɨɥ- ɥɟɤɬɢɜɟ ɭɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɬɶ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɦɧɨ- ɝɢɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɡɪɵɜ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɭɡɟɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɪ- ɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚ- ɧɢɸ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɟ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɨ- ɫɥɭɠɢɥɨ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɩɨɜɨɞɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚ- ɥɢɡɦɚ. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɬɤɨɜ ɢ ɬɚɥɚɧ- ɬɨɜ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ȼɵɥɚ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɚ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɧɢɯ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟ- ɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɋɪɟɞɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɵɯ ɠɚɧɪɨɜ ɭ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ ɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɨɬɤɥɢɤ ɧɚɲɥɢ ɠɚɧɪɵ «Ɇɭɡɟɣ-ɬɟɚɬɪ» ɢ «Ɇɭɡɟɣ-ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɤɚɹ» ɩɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɭɱɟɧɵɦɢ- ɦɭɡɟɟɜɟɞɚɦɢ ȿ. Ʌ. Ƚɚɥɤɢɧɨɣ ɢ Ɇ. ɘ. ɘɯɧɟɜɢɱ. «Ɇɭɡɟɣ-ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɤɚɹ» – ɷɬɨ 164 ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɷɤɫɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ. ȼ ɧɟɦ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɡɨɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɠɚɧɪɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɚɛɢɧɟɬɚɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɦɭɡɟɸ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. ȿɳɟ ɨɞɢɧ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɵɣ ɠɚɧɪ. «Ɇɭɡɟɣ-ɬɟɚɬɪ». ɗɬɨɬ ɠɚɧɪ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬ ɞɨ- ɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɤɨɦɩɚɤɬɧɚɹ ɢ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɧɚɹ ɷɤɫɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɩɨɞɫɩɨɪɶɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɤɪɭɠɤɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɧɚ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɚɬɪɚ, ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɨɛɵɱɚɟɜ. Ɏɨɧɞɵ ɦɭɡɟɹ-ɬɟɚɬɪɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɫɬɸɦɚɦɢ, ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɹɦɢ ɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨ- ɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɯ, ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɦɢ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɨɜ, ɚɥɶɛɨɦɨɜ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɠɚɧɪɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɨɡ- ɪɚɫɬɭ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ. Ⱥ ɬɚɦ, ɝɞɟ ɟɫɬɶ ɬɟɚɬɪ – ɡɧɚɱɢɬ, ɬɚɦ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨ- ɬɨɱɟɧ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧ ɞɟɬɫɬɜɚ: ɪɚɞɨɫɬɶ, ɭɞɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɜɨɫɬɨɪɝ, ɮɚɧɬɚɡɢɹ, ɬɜɨɪɱɟ- ɫɬɜɨ. ɀɚɧɪ «Ɇɭɡɟɣ-ɬɟɚɬɪ» ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɤɭɤɨɥɶɧɵɦ ɬɟ- ɚɬɪɨɦ, ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɦ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ. Ɍɟɚɬ- ɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɩɵɬ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɟ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟ- ɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɫɤɚɡɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɛɹɬ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ (ɞɪɭɠɛɚ, ɞɨɛɪɨɬɚ, ɱɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɦɟɥɨɫɬɶ). Ɋɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɩɨɡɧɚɟɬ ɦɢɪ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɦɨɦ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɟɪɞɰɟɦ, ɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɟɬ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɞɨɛɪɭ ɢ ɡɥɭ. ȼɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɸ ɤɪɭɝɨɡɨɪɚ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɠɟɥɚɸɳɟɦɭ, ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɭɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɢɪ, ɝɞɟ, ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɛɢɪɚɬɶ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɩɨɧɚɞɨɛɹɬɫɹ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨ- ɫɬɢ ɞɢɡɚɣɧɟɪɚ-ɨɮɨɪɦɢɬɟɥɹ, ɬɚɥɚɧɬ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ-ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ, ɷɧɟɪɝɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɩɟɰɢ- ɚɥɢɫɬɚ ɩɨ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɟ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ [2, ɫ. 3]. Ɋɟɲɚɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨ-ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɭɡɟɹ, ɛɵɥɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɵɯ ɠɚɧɪɨɜ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɜɢɞ ɦɭ- ɡɟɣɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɚɤ ɷɤɫɤɭɪɫɢɹ, ɛɵɥ ɡɚɦɟɧɟɧ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɬɟɚɬɪɚ- ɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɷɤɫɤɭɪɫɢɹɦɢ, ɤɚɤ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɦɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ. Ɋɚ- ɛɨɬɚ ɦɭɡɟɹ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧ- ɧɵɦɢ ɜɢɞɚɦɢ ɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɚ, ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ ɢ ɢɧɢɰɢɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚɦɢ, ɚɤɬɢɜɢ- ɡɚɰɢɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɰɢɣ (ɱɚɫɬɶ ɷɤɫɩɨɧɚɬɨɜ ɫɨɡɞɚ- ɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɪɭɤɚɦɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ). ɉɪɢ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɟ ɢ ɫɚɦ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɭɡɟɣ «ɜɵɲɟɥ» ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɫɬɚɥ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɢ ɞɟɣ- ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ. Ɉɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɬɪɟɯ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚ- ɥɚɫɶ ɧɨɜɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɥɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨ- ɰɟɫɫɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɡɚ- 165 ɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ. ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢ ɢɡɭɱɚɥɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɵɯ ɠɚɧɪɨɜ ɜ ɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɥɢ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɨɰɢ- ɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɟɺ ɯɨɞɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ. Ɇɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ, ɨɧɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɦɢ. ɉɪɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɜɨɡ- ɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɨɧ ɨɬɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ, ɦɨɬɢɜɨɜ. ɉɪɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɦɟɬɚ- ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɩɨ ɬɪɟɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɦ. ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ – ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɟ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɦ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶ- ɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜ- ɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɷɬɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɬɚɥɨ: ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɫ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ - ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɪɨɞɢ- ɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɜ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɤɭɤɨɥ, ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ (ɮɨɪ- ɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɜɚɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦ, ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɚ, ɫɚɦɨɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ); ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ – ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɩɪɨ- ɟɤɬɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɩɥɨɱɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɚ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ, ɪɟɛɹɬɚ ɜɢɞɹɬ ɜ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹɯ ɟɞɢɧɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɢɤɨɜ, ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧ- ɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ – ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɦ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɩɟɪɟ- ɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɦ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ. Ɋɟ- ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɷɬɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɬɚɥɨ: ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ, ɲɤɨɥɵ (ɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ, ɭ ɧɢɯ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬ- ɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ, ɞɥɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɠɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ, ɪɟɛɹɬɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶ- ɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟ- ɧɢɹɯ, ɜ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨ- ɪɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ). Ɍɪɟɬɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ – ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɦ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɫɚɦɨ- ɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɷɬɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɬɚɥɨ: ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɫ ɦɭɡɟɟɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɪɟɲɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ ɩɨɞ- ɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɨɫɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɦɭɡɟɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɟɨɬɴ- ɟɦɥɟɦɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɠɢɡɧɢ. ȼɡɪɨɫɥɟɹ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɨɫɜɨɟ- ɧɢɸ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ. ɍ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ, ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɢ ɤɪɭɝɨɡɨɪɚ, ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨ- ɫɬɢ. Ȼɵɥɨ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɵɯ ɠɚɧɪɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɤ ɩɨ- ɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɤ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ ɯɨɪɨɲɢɯ ɤɧɢɝ, ɦɧɨɝɨ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɭɸ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɭ.

166 Ɏɟɧɨɦɟɧ ɞɟɬɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɫ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɟɦ ɟɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɧɨɪɦ ɢ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ- ɧɵɯ ɪɨɥɟɣ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɭ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɱɥɟɧ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɭ ɞɟɬɫɬɜɚ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɢɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɦɟɬɚ- ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ȿɺ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɭ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɨ- ɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɟɺ ɨɫɭ- ɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɦɨɝɭɬ ɪɟ- ɲɚɬɶ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ. Ɉɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ- ɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ- ɡɧɚɱɢɦɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɵɯ ɠɚɧɪɨɜ. ɉɪɢ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɩɨɞ- ɯɨɞɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ⱦɟɬɫɬɜɨ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧ / [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱ- ɧɢɤ] // URL: https://murzim.ru/nauka/pedagogika/26326-detstvo-kak-socialno- pedagogicheskiy-fenomen.html 2. Ɂɢɧɝɟɪ, ɇ. ȼ. ɍɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɤɨɥɥɟɞɠɚ ɤ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɇ. ȼ. Ɂɢɧɝɟɪ // Ƚɚɭɞɟɚɦɭɫ. – 2014. – ʋ 1(23). – ɋ. 111–114. 3. Ɋɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɜ ɦɭɡɟɟ: ɧɨɜɵɟ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɵ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɭɱɟɛ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɭɡɨɜ / ȿ. Ʌ. Ƚɚɥɤɢɧɚ ɢ ɞɪ.; ɨɬɜ. ɪɟɞ. Ɇ. ɘ. ɘɯɧɟɜɢɱ. – Ɇ.: Ⱥɤɚɞ. ɩɪɨɟɤɬ: ɊɂɄ, 2006. – 174, [1] ɫ. – (Gaudeamus). – ISBN 5-8291- 0707-4. Ⱥɤɚɞ. ɩɪɨɟɤɬ. – ISBN 5-93719-05. 4. Ɏɚɞɟɟɜɚ, ȿ. ɂ. ȼɵɛɢɪɚɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɸ, ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɠɢɡɧɢ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɭɱɟɛ.- ɦɟɬɨɞ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ / ȿ. ɂ. Ɏɚɞɟɟɜɚ, Ɇ. ȼ. əɫɸɤɟɜɢɱ. – Ɇ.: ɐȽɅ, 2004. – 94 ɫ. – ISBN 5-94916-034-7.

ɍȾɄ 373.3 Ɍ. ȼ. ɂɲɚɧɤɭɥɨɜɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «Ʌɢɰɟɣ ʋ 1», Ʉɢɫɟɥɟɜɫɤɢɣ ȽɈ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]

ɉɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ

ɋɬɚɬɶɹ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ.

ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ.

167 Ɍ. V. Ishankulova, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «Lyceum ʋ 1», Kiselevsk urban district, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]

Project activities as a means of achieving the expected results of primary school children

The article is devoted to the description of the project method application in primary school.

Primary school, project method.

Ⱦɥɹ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɚɤɬɭ- ɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼ ɱɟɦ ɠɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ? Ɉɧɨ ɧɟɪɚɡɪɵɜɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɨɪ- ɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɎȽɈɋ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɭɦɟ- ɧɢɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬ ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɛɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɫɨɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɧɟ- ɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɞɜɢɝɚɬɶ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɵ, ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɭɦɨɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ [1]. ɉɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛ- ɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. Ⱦɚɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɹ ɩɪɨ- ɟɤɬɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭ- ɱɟɧɢɹ, ɫɦɵɫɥ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶ- ɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ [1]. ɐɟɥɶ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɟɬɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɛɵɜɚɬɶ ɡɧɚ- ɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɸ- ɳɢɟɫɹ ɫɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ. Ɉɛɭɱɚɸɳɢ- ɟɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɸɬ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ ɢ ɩɚɪɚɯ, ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬ ɭɦɟ- ɧɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɧɨɜɨɟ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɵɱɧɨɟ (ɜɵɞɜɢɝɚɬɶ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɵ, ɫɨɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɨɩɪɨɜɟɪɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɞɜɢɧɭɬɵɦ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɚɦ), ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɟ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ. ɋɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ «ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɸɬ» ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɬɪɟɡɨɤ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɪɟɲɚɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɦ ɧɚɫ ɦɢ- 168 ɪɟ. ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ, ɝɞɟ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɞɜɢɧɭɬɨɣ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɵ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ, ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɬ. ɞ. ɇɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɨɣ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ, ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ ɛɵɥ ɡɚɯɜɚɱɟɧ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ ɢ ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɤɪɟɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɪɟɲɚɥ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ. ɉɪɨɟɤɬ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ: ɩɪɨɹɜɢɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨ- ɫɬɢ; ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ; ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɦɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɹɦɢ: ɬɪɚɧɫɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɫɚɦɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ: ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɭɸɬ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɢɯ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ; ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɸɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɫɦɟɠɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧ; ɢɳɭɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɭɬɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɩɪɨ- ɟɤɬɚ; ɨɛɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ. ɉɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨ ɞɟɦɨɧ- ɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɧɨ- ɢ ɩɨɥɢɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨɝɨ, ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ [2]. ȼ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɦɢɧɢ-ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɢɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɤɚ. ɑɚɳɟ ɷɬɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ, ɤɨɬɨ- ɪɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɹ ɪɨɥɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪ- ɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɫɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɢɝɪɭ ɧɟɤɢɯ ɨɬ- ɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɯ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɚ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɪɨɥɶ, ɨɧ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɟɪɨɹ, ɩɵɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ, ɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɶ ɪɟɱɶ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɢɤɟɬɚ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚ- ɝɚɸɳɢɣ ɫɛɨɪ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨɛ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɡɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɨɞɧɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɚɦ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚ- ɝɚɸɬ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɸ ɩɨ ɯɨɞɭ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. Ⱥ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤ- ɬɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɞɨɤɥɚɞ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ. Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɦ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ, ɝɞɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ: ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɞɜɢɧɭɬɵɯ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡ, ɢɯ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɟ; ɩɨɥɧɨɬɚ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɬɟɦɵ; ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɞɜɢɧɭɬɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ; ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ; ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ; ɩɨɥɧɨɬɚ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ; ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɨɬɜɟɱɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ;

169 ɚɪɬɢɫɬɢɡɦ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ [2]. ɉɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɧɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɟɧ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ. ɍɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɭɠɟ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɫɟɡɧɚɸɳɢɦ ɨɪɚɤɭɥɨɦ, ɨɧ ɬɨɬ, ɤɬɨ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɞɟɬɹɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɱɟɛɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɨɧ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬ ɩɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɜɵɞɜɢɧɭɬɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ. Ɉɧ ɬɨɬ, ɤɬɨ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɞɟɬɶɦɢ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɢ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɝɨɬɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɬɶ ɜɞɨɯɧɨ- ɜɟɧɢɟ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɩɪɟɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɢɡ ɫɤɭɱɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɧɭɞɢɥɨɜɤɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɫɨɡɢɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ [2]. Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɣ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɦɭ, ɞɨɜɟɪɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɬɟɦɭ, ɨɛɦɟɧɟ ɦɵɫɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɦ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶ ɤɨɥɨɫɫɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ȼɵɱɤɨɜ, Ⱥ. ȼ. Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ⱥ. ȼ. Ȼɵɱ- ɤɨɜ. – Ɇ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ Ɇɨɫɤ. ɭɧ-ɬɚ, 2000. 2. ɋɟɪɝɟɟɜ, ɂ. ɋ. Ʉɚɤ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ / ɂ. ɋ. ɋɟɪɝɟɟɜ. – Ɇ.: ȺɊɄɌɂ, 2008.

ɍȾɄ 372.48 Ʌ. ɉ. Ʉɭɡɟɥɶɞɟɟɜɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 56», ɇɨɜɨɤɭɡɧɟɰɤɢɣ ȽɈ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]

Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ «Ɇɨɣ ɤɪɚɣ, ɦɨɣ ɝɨɪɨɞ, ɦɨɹ ɫɟɦɶɹ» ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɨɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɢ

ɐɟɥɶ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚ- ɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɟɞɟɥɢ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ.

Ʉɪɚɟɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ, ɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦ, ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɪɚɣ, ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ.

170 L. P. Kuzeldeeva, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «General Education School ʋ 56», the city of Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]

Implementation of the programme of extracurricular activities for primary school «My Region, My City, My Family» by means of museum pedagogy

The purpose of the article is to justify the creation of organizational and pedagogical conditions for conducting activities within the theme week of local lore dur- ing extra-mural activities of primary school children.

Local history, patriotism, identity, native land, extracurricular activities, events, metasubject results.

ɑɭɜɫɬɜɨ ɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɟɦɚɥɨ ɝɪɚɧɟɣ, ɞɥɹ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢ- ɤɨɜ ɨɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɧɨ ɜ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɹɫɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɧɢɯ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚɯ ɤɚɤ ɥɸɛɨɜɶ ɤ ɪɨ- ɞɢɬɟɥɹɦ, ɤ ɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ, ɝɨɪɨɞɭ, ɤɪɚɸ. ɉɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɪɚ- ɧɵ, ɧɚɪɨɞɚ, ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ, ɩɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ Ʌ. Ɇɨɪɨɡɨɜɨɣ, ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨ «ɧɚɞɥɢɱ- ɧɨɫɬɧɨɟ», ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɵɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɢɡ ɩɪɹɦɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ ɝɪɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ʌĮĲȡȓȢ [2]. ȼ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɫɩɢ- ɬɚɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ. Ɂɧɚɤɨɦɫɬɜɨ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɪɨɞɧɵɦ ɤɪɚɟɦ: ɫ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɤɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɦɢ, ɧɚɰɢɨ- ɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ, ɝɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ, ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɱɟɪɬɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɣ ɫɨ- ɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɨɦ ɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɨɦ ɫɜɨɟɣ Ɋɨ- ɞɢɧɵ. ɀɢɜɨɩɢɫɧɵɟ ɤɪɚɫɨɱɧɵɟ ɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɪɨɞɧɨ- ɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ, ɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɞɟɬɫɬɜɟ, ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ ɧɚ ɜɫɸ ɠɢɡɧɶ. ȼ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɧɟɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ ɩɨ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɟ- ɧɢɸ, ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɧɨɫɢɬ ɷɩɢɡɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ. ɍ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ, ɧɟ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɢ ɨɬɫɭɬ- ɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ, ɚ ɩɟɪ- ɜɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɪɚɡɪɨɡɧɟɧɵ. Ɉɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ – ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɬɟɦɚ- ɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɟɞɟɥɢ. Ⱦɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬ- ɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɬɟɦɚɬɢ- ɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɟɞɟɥɢ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ (ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ). ɇɟɞɟɥɹ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ – ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɟ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ, ɫɨɱɟɬɚɸɳɟɟ ɪɚɡɧɨ- ɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. Ɉɧɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɢɞɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɱɟ-

171 ɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ, ɦɧɨɝɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɤɨɦ- ɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ. Ɍɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɧɟɞɟɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɲɟɫɬɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɧɟɣ, ɜ ɫɭɛɛɨɬɭ – ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɸɳɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɢɬɨɝɨɜ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɟɞɟɥɢ. ɇɟɞɟɥɹ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɯɜɚɬɚ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ. ɉɪɢ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦ, ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɦ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ. Ɍɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɧɟɞɟɥɹ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɩɨ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɪɹɞ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜ: ޤ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ (ɷɤɫɤɭɪɫɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɭ ɢ ɜ ɦɭɡɟɣ) ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɟ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨ-ɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ, ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ. ޤ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɵ (ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɲɤɨɥɵ, ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ-ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɢɤɢ, ɤɥɚɫɫɧɵɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ, ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɢɯ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ); ޤ ɭ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɯɨɪɨɲɢɣ ɩɨɜɨɞ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɫɟɛɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ (ɩɨɞɟɥɤɢ, ɪɢɫɭɧɤɢ, ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ, ɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɢɯɨ- ɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɪ.), ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ (ɜɢɤɬɨɪɢɧɚ). ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɟɞɟɥɢ – ɷɤɫɤɭɪɫɢɢ ɜ ɦɭɡɟɣ (ɤɥɚɫɫɚ, ɲɤɨɥɵ, ɝɨɪɨɞɚ). Ɇɭɡɟɣ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ – ɷɬɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ, ɢɦɟɸɳɟɟ ɫɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ ɦɭɡɟɹ ɫɚɦɚ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɧɚɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɟɬ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. Ɍɚɤ, ɩɪɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɵɫɬɚɜɤɢ «ɉɨɥɟɡɧɵɟ ɢɫɤɨɩɚɟɦɵɟ Ʉɭɡɛɚɫɫɚ», ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɭɸ ɷɤɫɤɭɪɫɢɸ ɩɨɫɬɪɨ- ɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɭ ɬɨɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɞɟɬɢ ɜɢɞɹɬ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɦɭɡɟɹ. Ɉɞɚɪɺɧɧɵɟ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɢ ɡɚɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɤɭɪɫɨɜɨɞɚ, ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɹ ɨ ɪɟ- ɫɭɪɫɚɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ, ɨɧɢ ɭɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɬ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɹɦ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ. Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɟɦɵɣ ɧɚ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɟɞɟɥɟ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɦɥɚɞ- ɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɢɦ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ. Ⱦɚɧɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɞɨɦɚ ɫ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɫ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ, ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɟɞɟɥɢ, ɩɟɪɟɞ ɩɨɞɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɬɨɝɨɜ, ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛ- ɪɚɡɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɵ ɢ ɢɝɪɵ (ɦɚɪɚɮɨɧ, ɜɢɤɬɨɪɢɧɵ, ɬɭɪɧɢɪɵ ɢ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɟ), ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɧɟɞɟɥɢ. ɉɨɞɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɬɨɝɨɜ, ɯɨɪɨɲɢɣ ɩɨɜɨɞ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɛɟɞɵ, ɤɚɤ ɤɥɚɫɫɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɨɜ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɰɢɹɯ. Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ «ɇɟɞɟɥɹ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ» ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɭɪɨ- ɜɟɧɶ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɨ ɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɤɪɚɟ ɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɟ, ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ ɤ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦɭ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɸ Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ – ɧɚɲɟɣ 172 ɦɚɥɨɣ Ɋɨɞɢɧɵ. Ɋɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɶ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɚ- ɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɢ ɜɚɠɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ, ɬɨ ɤɚɤɢɦ ɨɫɬɚ- ɧɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɧɚɫ ɦɢɪ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ, ɤɚɤ ɛɟɪɟɠɧɨ ɦɵ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɦ ɩɪɢɪɨɞ- ɧɵɟ ɛɨɝɚɬɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɟ ɢɫɤɨɩɚɟɦɵɟ. Ɇɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟ- ɫɤɨɣ ɧɟɞɟɥɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɬ ɫɩɥɨɬɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɤɥɚɫɫɧɵɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨ- ɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɚɦɢ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɪɟɚɥɢ- ɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɢ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ- ɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɨɰɢɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɚɞɚɩ- ɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ. Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɤɪɚɟ- ɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɟɞɟɥɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɨɣ ɷɤɫɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚ- ɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɫɨɡɞɚɺɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɢɯ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɦɧɨɝɨɝɪɚɧɧɭɸ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɭɸ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɦ ɦɭɡɟɟɦ. ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢ- ɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɸ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɡɧɚ- ɧɢɣ ɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ, ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɦ Ʉɭɡ- ɛɚɫɫɚ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɣ ɭɱɚ- ɳɢɯɫɹ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ, ɩɪɢɜɢɬɢɸ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨ-ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɧ- ɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ʉɪɨɩɨɱɟɜɚ, Ɍ. Ȼ. Ⱦɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɝɪɵ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ / Ɍ. Ȼ. Ʉɪɨɩɨɱɟɜɚ. – ɇɨɜɨɤɭɡɧɟɰɤ: ɇȽɉɂ, 1997. – ISBN 5-7291-0094-9. 2. Ɇɨɪɨɡɨɜɚ, Ʌ. ȿ. ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ. ɋɦɭɬɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ʌ. ȿ. Ɇɨɪɨɡɨɜɚ; ɪɟɞ.: Ɉ. ȼ. Ʉɥɢɦɨɜɚ. – Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ: ȺɋɌ, 2011. – 544 ɫ. – ISBN 978-5-17- 075574-5.

ɍȾɄ 373.3 Ɇ. Ɍ. Ʌɚɜɧɢɤɨɜɢɱ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «Ⱥɛɚɡɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 50», ɝ. Ⱥɛɚɡɚ, Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ ɏɚɤɚɫɢɹ E-mail: [email protected]

ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ

ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤ- ɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ. ɋɨ- 173 ɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɸ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ, ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ.

M. T. Lavnikovich, Municipal Budgetary Education Institution «Abaza General Education School ʋ 50», the city of Abaza, Khakass Republic E-mail: [email protected]

The application of the technology of social planning as a means of improving the quality of education of primary school children

The article analyzes the relationship of social project technology with the educational activities of primary school children. Social project is seen as an innovative activity that improves the quality of education.

Social project, technology, practice.

«ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ – ɷɬɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɨɞɧɨ- ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɚɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ…» [1, ɫ. 3]. «Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɚ- ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ, ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɢɝɪ, ɤɨɦɩɶɸ- ɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ» [1, ɫ. 3]. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɭɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ – ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ. ɗɬɨ – ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ, ɜ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɨɧɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ. ɍɱɟɧɢɤ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɹ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ, ɭɱɢɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ, ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɰɟɥɢ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚɹ ɧɚɞ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ, ɞɟɬɢ ɭɱɚɬɫɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ: ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɚɪɟ, ɝɪɭɩɩɟ. Ɋɚɡɜɢ- ɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɭɪɨɤɟ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ, ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɭɦɟɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɞɨɛɵɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɹ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɭɱɟ- ɧɢɤɚɦɢ. ȼ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɵɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɭɱɢɬɫɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɬɶ ɢ ɨɬ- ɫɬɚɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ. Ɂɧɚɤɨɦɫɬɜɨ ɫ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚɱɢ- ɧɚɟɬɫɹ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɬɶ ɷɬɭ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɟɝɨ ɷɥɟ- ɦɟɧɬɵ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ. ɍ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ; ɧɢɡɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɚɦɨ- ɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɭɠɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɦɵɫɥɢɬɶ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ; ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚ-

174 ɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ, ɫɚɦɨ- ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ. Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ- ɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɨɫɜɚɢɜɚɬɶ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤ- ɬɢɤɟ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɦ ɦɢɪɨɦ. ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɧɚɞ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɰɟɥɢ, ɫɜɹ- ɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɨɛɳɟɭɱɟɛɧɵɦɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɹɦɢ. ɐɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ ɷɤɫɤɭɪɫɢɢ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɚɤɰɢɢ, ɨɩɪɨɫɵ; ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɶ ɤ ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɟɤ- ɬɨɜ ɪɟɛɹɬ ɢɡ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ, ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨ- ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ. Ɉɧ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ, ɲɤɨɥɵ, ɝɨɪɨɞɚ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ «ɗɤɨɥɨ- ɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɪɨɩɢɧɤɢ», ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɮɟɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ, ɧɟɪɚɡɪɵɜ- ɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɭɪɨɤɚɦɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ, ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ, ɦɚɬɟɦɚ- ɬɢɤɢ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɋɆɂ, ɜ ɫɟɬɢ ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɚɡɟɬɵ. ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɭɪɨɤɚɦɢ ɂɁɈ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪɨɦ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɪɚ- ɛɨɬɚ «ɇɨɜɨɝɨɞɧɢɟ ɢɝɪɭɲɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɚɞɚ». ȼ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ Ʉɟɣɫ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ. ɂɫ- ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɸ, ɞɟɬɢ ɭɱɚɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɡɚ- ɞɚɱɢ, ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ. Ʉɟɣɫɨɜɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨ- ɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ. ȼ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɟ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɞɟɬɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɱɚɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ «ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ» ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɨɞɛɢɪɚɟɬ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɰɟɥɢ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɫɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɩɪɚ- ɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɤ ɭɪɨɤɭ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɭɱɚɳɢɣɫɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɫɟɦɶɟ, ɝɨɪɨɞɟ ɨɬ ɪɨɞɧɵɯ, ɢɡ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɝɚɡɟɬɵ, ɠɭɪɧɚɥɚ, ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟ- ɧɢɣ, ɢɡɭɱɚɹ ɮɨɬɨ- ɢ ɜɢɞɟɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ. ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ: ɫɟɦɶɹ, ɋɆɂ, ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɦɭɡɟɣ, ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚ ɢ ɬ. ɞ. ɇɟɥɶɡɹ ɧɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɭɫɩɟɯ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ. Ɇɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ – ɷɬɨ «ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟ- ɧɢɸ ɤ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ (ɜɧɟɲɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ), ɤɨɬɨ- ɪɵɟ ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ» [2, ɫ. 96]. Ɇɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɤ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠ- ɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ-ɥɢɛɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚ- ɬɚ, ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɢ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ. ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚ- ɧɢɟ ɞɚɟɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ⱦɟɬɢ ɭɱɚɬɫɹ ɜɵ- 175 ɹɜɥɹɬɶ ɫɜɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ, ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɧɟɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɷɬɨ ɥɢɱɧɭɸ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ. Ʉɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɟ, ɧɨ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɭ ɧɭɠɧɵ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɵɟ, ɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ, ɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɟ, ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɵɟ, ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ, ɝɞɟ ɞɟɬɢ ɜɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɜɨ ɜɡɚɢ- ɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫ ɫɨɰɢɭɦɨɦ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ «ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ» ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɍ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɍɱɟɛɧɵɟ Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɧ- ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɦɢɪɟ, ɢ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɞɟɬɢ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɸɬ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ. Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ Ʉɨɥɥɢɧɝɫ, ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɜɲɢɣ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɸ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ, ɩɢɫɚɥ: «ȼ ɲɤɨɥɟ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ, ɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ – ɡɚ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɨɦ, ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɡɚ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ». ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ – ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɹɜɥɹ- ɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɛɭɳɚɸɳɟɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ʉɭɪɛɚɬɨɜ, ȼ. ɂ. ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ / ȼ. ɂ. Ʉɭɪɛɚɬɨɜ, Ɉ. ȼ. Ʉɭɪɛɚɬɨɜɚ. – Ɋɨɫɬɨɜ ɧ/Ⱦ: «Ɏɟɧɢɤɫ», 2001. – 416 ɫ. 2. Ɇɚɪɤɨɜɚ, Ⱥ. Ʉ. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ / Ⱥ.Ʉ. Ɇɚɪɤɨɜɚ. – Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 1983. – 102 ɫ. 3. ɒɚɬɢɥɨɜɚ, Ɇ. ɘ. ɉɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɨɬ ɡɚɦɵɫɥɚ ɤ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ: ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ, ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ / Ɇ. ɘ. ɒɚɬɢɥɨɜɚ, ɇ. ɂ. ɋɟ- ɥɟɡɧɟɜɚ ɢ ɞɪ. – ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞ: ɍɱɢɬɟɥɶ, 2012. – 169 ɫ.

ɍȾɄ 373.3 ȿ. Ⱥ. Ɇɚɦɱɭɪ, Ʌ. Ƚ. Ʉɚɱɚɧ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 12 Ƚɟɪɨɹ ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɸɡɚ ɑɟɪɧɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɟɦɟɧɚ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɢɱɚ»; ɂɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɇɨɜɨɤɭɡɧɟɰɤɢɣ ȽɈ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɠɚɧɪɚ «Ɇɭɡɟɣ – ɬɟɚɬɪ» ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ

ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɪɨɥɶ ɠɚɧɪɚ «Ɇɭɡɟɣ-ɬɟɚɬɪ» ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɱɢɬɚ- ɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ. ɉɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪ- 176 ɧɨɦ ɢ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɠɚɧɪɚ «Ɇɭɡɟɣ- ɬɟɚɬɪ».

Ɇɭɡɟɣɧɵɣ ɠɚɧɪ, ɦɭɡɟɣ-ɬɟɚɬɪ, ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɶ- ɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɤɚɹ.

E. A. Mamchur, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «Hero of the Soviet Union Semen Chernovsky General Education School ʋ 12», E-mail: [email protected] L. G. Kachan, Institute for Further Training, the city of Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]

Using the museum-theater genre as a means of literary education of primary school children

The article addresses the problem of literary education of primary school children. The role of the Museum-Theater genre in shaping learners’ literacy is shown. The authors analyze changes in the literary and language education of primary schoolchildren by means of the genre Museum-Theater.

Museum genre, museum-theater, literary education, theater workshop.

Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨ-ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɎȽɈɋ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɡɧɨɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɨɪɨɧ- ɧɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɨɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɢ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ. «ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɭɡɟɹ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɢ- ɟɧɬɢɪɨɜ, ɭɜɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɪɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ, ɤ ɫɚɦɨɛɵɬɧɵɦ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ, ɤ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɤɨɜ, ɤ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ» [4]. Ⱦɭɯɨɜɧɨ-ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɵɯ ɠɚɧɪɨɜ ɞɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɥɨɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶɸ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɢ. ɂɡɭɱɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɵɯ ɠɚɧɪɚɯ, ɜɚɠɧɨ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ, ɜɨɡ- ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɧɚ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨ-ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ, ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɬɨ, ɤɚɤ ɨɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɜɵɞɜɢɧɭɥ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɪ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɊɎ ȼ. Ɋ. Ɇɟɞɢɧɫɤɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɥ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ɩɨɫɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɦɭɡɟɟɜ. Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ – ɦɭ- ɡɟɣɧɨɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɢ ɥɟɝɥɨ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ. Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɭɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ «ɒɤɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɭɡɟɣ ɤɚɤ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ

177 ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨ-ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜɜɟ- ɞɟɧɢɹ ɎȽɈɋ», ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢ ɩɪɢɲɥɢ ɤ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɸ, ɱɬɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɛɴ- ɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɢɞɟɢ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜɚɠɧɚ ɟɺ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɮɨɪɦɢ- ɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɸɛɜɢ ɤ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɢ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɇ. Ⱥ. Ⱦɨɛ- ɪɨɥɸɛɨɜ ɢ ɇ. Ƚ. ɑɟɪɧɵɲɟɜɫɤɢɣ [2; 6] ɫɱɢɬɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫ- ɬɢɧɧɵɦ ɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɨɦ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɨɞɢɧɵ, ɜɫɟɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɦ ɜ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɢ ɞɭ- ɯɨɜɧɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɦ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨɦ ɦɵɫɥɟɣ, ɫɥɨɜ ɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ. ɋ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɎȽɈɋ ɇɈɈ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɰɟɥɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛ- ɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ: ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɥɚɞɟɸɳɟɣ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ ɭɱɟɛ- ɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɭɦɟɸɳɟɣ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ. ɗɬɨ ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɹ- ɦɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɨɩɵɬɨɦ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ, ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɎȽɈɋ ɇɈɈ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɞɟɣ- ɫɬɜɢɟ, ɤɚɤ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɟ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨɦɭ ɭɦɟ- ɧɢɸ. ɋɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɟ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ: ɤɚɤ ɰɟɥɢ ɢ ɫɪɟɞ- ɫɬɜɭ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɹ; ɤɚɤ ɧɚɜɵɤɭ ɤ ɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɜɢɞɚɦ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ; ɤɚɤ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ, ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɪɟ- ɲɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ [5]. Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫɨ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɤ ɱɬɟ- ɧɢɸ ɤɧɢɝ ɭ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɨɝɨ ɢ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɹ. ɉɟɪɟɞ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɫɬɨɹɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ: ɤɚɤ ɫɮɨɪɦɢ- ɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ ɤɧɢɝ, ɤɚɤ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɶ ɜɞɭɦɱɢɜɨɝɨ, ɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɹ? ɉɨɢɫɤ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨ-ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ, ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ- ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɩɪɢɜɟɥ ɧɚɫ ɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɨɣ ɩɟɞɚ- ɝɨɝɢɤɢ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦ ɢ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ. Ɋɟ- ɲɟɧɢɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɨɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚ- ɧɢɟ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɱɬɟɧɢɹ, ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ [1]. ɋ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟ- ɥɶɸ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɭɡɟɣ ɛɵɥ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ. ɋɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɭɡɟɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɟ ɫɨɛɪɚ- ɧɢɟ, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɠɚɧɪɨɜ. Ɇɭɡɟɣ-ɬɟɚɬɪ ɫɬɚɥ ɧɨɜɵɦ ɠɚɧɪɨɦ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɭɡɟɹ ɛɨɟɜɨɣ ɢ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɣ ɫɥɚɜɵ «ɉɚɦɹɬɶ» ɆȻɈɍ «ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 12 ɢɦɟɧɢ Ƚɟɪɨɹ ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨ- ɸɡɚ ɑɟɪɧɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɟɦɟɧɚ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɢɱɚ». Ɇɭɡɟɣɧɵɟ ɠɚɧɪɵ ɩɪɟɥɨɦɥɹ- ɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɫ ɠɚɧɪɚɦɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ. ɇɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɢ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɟɞ- ɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɭɡɟɹ ɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɤɢɟ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɠɚɧɪɚ ɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɥɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ: – ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɭ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ ɤ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ; – ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪ- ɧɨɦ ɢ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ;

178 – ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɦɭɡɟɹ ɢ ɤɭɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɚɬɪɚ ɧɚ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨ- ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ. ɀɚɧɪ «Ɇɭɡɟɣ-ɬɟɚɬɪ» ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɭ- ɡɟɹ, ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɨɛɵɱɚɟɜ, ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ. Ɉɧ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɭɸ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ, ɡɧɚ- ɤɨɦɢɬ ɫ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɞɟɬɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ. ȼ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɠɚɧɪɚ «Ɇɭɡɟɣ- ɬɟɚɬɪ» ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɹɪɤɨ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭ- ɪɵ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɨɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɬɪɟɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ: ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ – ɫɨɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ – ɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɟ [3]. ȼɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɣ ɠɚɧɪ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɤ ɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɒɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɢ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɥɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ, ɫɩɨɪɢɥɢ, ɨɛ- ɫɭɠɞɚɥɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɥɟɣ ɜ ɫɩɟɤɬɚɤɥɟ. Ɋɟɩɟɬɢɰɢɢ ɩɶɟɫ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥ- ɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ, ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɥɢ ɫ ɞɟɤɨɪɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɪɟɤɜɢɡɢɬɨɦ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɟɦɶɟɪɵ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɫɜɨɟ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɢ ɫ ɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɰɟɧɚ- ɪɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɭɤɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ, ɫɨɱɢɧɹɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɟɥɵɜɚɹ ɫɤɚɡɤɢ, ɢɡɝɨ- ɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɹ ɤɭɤɨɥ, ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɹ ɜ ɫɩɟɤɬɚɤɥɹɯ. Ɍɚɤ, ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ 3-ɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɜɡɹɥɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ «ɑɟɫɬɧɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ», ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɭɱɢɬ ɱɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɬɜɟɬ- ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɥɸɛɜɢ ɤ Ɋɨɞɢɧɟ. Ⱦɟɬɢ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɥɢ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶ- ɧɨɟ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɥɟɣ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɠɚ, ɜɵɛɢɪɚɥɢ ɝɟɪɨɟɜ ɫɤɚɡɤɢ. Ɋɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɞɟɬɶɦɢ ɩɨɦɨɝɥɢ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɤɭɤɨɥ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɬɟ- ɚɬɪɚ, ɫɦɚɫɬɟɪɢɬɶ ɞɟɤɨɪɚɰɢɢ, ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɲɢɪɦɭ-ɡɚɧɚɜɟɫ. ȼɫɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɢ ɤɪɭɠɤɚ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɫɶ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɚɤɬɟɪɚɦɢ. ɗɬɨ ɨɬ- ɦɟɱɚɸɬ ɢ ɧɚɲɢ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɢ – ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ, ɨɞɧɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɢ, ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ 2–4 ɤɥɚɫ- ɫɨɜ. Ȼɵɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜɵɯɨɞɵ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɵ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ: ɛɥɢɡɥɟɠɚɳɢɣ ɞɟɬɫɤɢɣ ɫɚɞ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɚɤɥɶ ɭɜɢɞɟɥɢ ɪɟɛɹɬɚ ɢɡ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɨɦɚ. ɉɟɪɟɞ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɠɚɧɪɟ «Ɇɭɡɟɣ-ɬɟɚɬɪ» ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ- ɧɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɣ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɢ ɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟ- ɧɢɣ ɨ ɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɭɱɚ- ɳɢɟɫɹ 2–4 ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɦɚɥɨ ɱɢɬɚɸɬ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫ ɬɪɭɞɨɦ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɩɨɧɪɚ- ɜɢɜɲɟɟɫɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɤ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɦɢ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɨɦɭ ɠɚɧɪɭ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɚɧɤɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ. ȼ ɨɩɪɨɫɟ ɩɪɢɧɹɥɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ 50 ɪɨɞɢ- ɬɟɥɟɣ. Ⱥɧɤɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɱɬɨ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɧɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɸɬ (37 %) ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ, ɧɟ ɫɦɨɝɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɶ, ɤ ɤɚɤɢɦ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɨɬɤɚɡ ɨɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɯ ɦɵ ɪɚɡɴɹɫɧɢɥɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦ, ɱɬɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ – ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɨɧɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɜɫɟɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ, ɨ ɧɟɨɛ- ɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨ- ɫɬɢ ɭ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɠɚɧɪɚ «Ɇɭɡɟɣ-ɬɟɚɬɪ». 179 ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɠɚɧɪɚ «Ɇɭɡɟɣ-ɬɟɚɬɪ» ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɦ ɢ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ. ɍɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɧɚɭɱɢɥɢɫɶ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɜɞɭɦɱɢɜɨ ɱɢɬɚɬɶ, ɧɨ ɢ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɚɠɧɵɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɟ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ. ɋɥɭɲɚɹ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɝɨ ɱɬɟɰɚ, ɩɪɨɧɢ- ɤɚɟɲɶɫɹ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹ. ɗɬɨ ɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ. ɍɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɦɵɫɥɢ ɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚ, ɚ ɡɧɚ- ɱɢɬ ɩɪɢɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɨɪɦ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ. ɍ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɨɫɶ ɠɟ- ɥɚɧɢɟ ɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɥɭɱɲɟ, ɹɪɱɟ, ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɟɟ. ɍɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɟɟ ɱɢ- ɬɚɬɶ, ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɢ ɩɢɫɚɬɶ. ɋɨɡɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɤɚɹ ɫɦɨɝɥɚ ɨɛɴ- ɟɞɢɧɢɬɶ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ. ɍɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɡ- ɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɥɢ ɤɭɤɨɥ ɢ ɞɟɤɨɪɚɰɢɢ, ɧɨ ɢ ɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɥɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɭɱɢɥɢ ɪɨ- ɥɢ, ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɢ ɧɚɞ ɡɚɦɵɫɥɨɦ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɫɩɟɤɬɚɤɥɹ. ɗɬɨ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɚ- ɱɟɫɬɜ, ɧɨ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɝɨ, ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɤ ɤɨɧɰɭ 4 ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɭɥɭɱɲɢɥɢ ɧɚɜɵɤ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ (ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ) (ɪɢɫ.).

100% 90% 93% 91% 89% 86% 90% 83% 81% 80% 72% 74% 68% 70% 63% 60% 57% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1 ̡̣̭̭̌ 2 ̡̣̭̭̌ 3 ̡̣̭̭̌ 4 ̡̣̭̭̌ ʦ̨̛̼̬̯̖̣̦̭̯̌̽̽̚ ̸̛̯̖̦́ ʽ̨̨̭̦̦̦̭̯̌̽̚ ̸̛̯̖̦́ ʿ̨̛̬̣̦̭̯̌̏̽̽ ̸̛̯̖̦́

Ɋɢɫ. Ⱦɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɚɜɵɤɚ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ

ɋɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɢɬɨɝɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɵɯ ɠɚɧɪɨɜ ɹɜɢɥɨɫɶ ɩɨ- ɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɢ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɤ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɯɭ- ɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ. Ɍɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢɬɨɝɨɦ, ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɥɢ- ɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɨɬɱɟɬɨɦ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɠɚɧɪɟ «Ɇɭɡɟɣ-ɬɟɚɬɪ» ɫɬɚɥ ɜɵɩɭɫɤ ɚɥɶɛɨɦɚ «ɇɚɲɟ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ», ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɵɟ ɭɝɨɥɤɢ ɫ ɤɭɤ- ɥɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɫɩɟɤɬɚɤɥɹɯ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɭɡɟɹ, ɟɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣ- ɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ- ɫɚɯ, ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɭɡɟɣ-

180 ɧɵɯ ɠɚɧɪɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɱɟɦɭ ɭ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɜɨɡɪɨɫɥɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ- ɧɨɟ, ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ, ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ. ȼ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɟɣ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɟ ɧɚɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɨɢɬ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɢɬɶ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɷɤɫɤɭɪɫɢɢ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ 1. Ⱦɚɧɢɥɸɤ, Ⱥ. ə. Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨ-ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ⱥ. ə. Ⱦɚɧɢɥɸɤ, Ⱥ. Ɇ. Ʉɨɧɞɚɤɨɜ, ȼ. Ⱥ. Ɍɢɲɤɨɜ. – Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 2009. – 24 ɫ. – (ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ). – ISBN 978-5-09-022138-2. 2. Ⱦɨɛɪɨɥɸɛɨɜ, ɇ. Ⱥ. ɋɨɛɪɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɣ: ɫɬɚɬɶɢ ɢ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɚɰɢɢ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɇ. Ⱥ. Ⱦɨɛɪɨɥɸɛɨɜ. – ȼ 3 ɬ. – Ɇ.: ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɚɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ, 1984. – Ɍ. 3. – 688 ɫ. – ISBN 5-280-00066-3 / 5280000663. 3. Ʉɭɬɭɡɨɜ, Ⱥ. Ƚ. ȼ ɦɢɪɟ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤ-ɯɪɟɫɬɨɦɚɬɢɹ 9 ɤɥɚɫɫ / Ⱥ. Ƚ. Ʉɭɬɭɡɨɜ, Ⱥ. Ʉ. Ʉɢɫɟɥɺɜ, Ʉ. ɋ. Ɋɨɦɚɧɢɱɟɜɚ ɢ ɞɪ.; ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. Ⱥ. Ƚ. Ʉɭɬɭ- ɡɨɜɚ. – ȼ 2-ɯɱ. – 8-ɟ ɢɡɞ., ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩ. – Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ: Ⱦɪɨɮɚ, 2006. – ɑ. 2 – 350 ɫ. – ISBN 5-358-00951-5. 4. ɉɨɫɥɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ ɊɎ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɸ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] // ɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɹ. – 2007. – 27 ɚɩɪɟɥɹ. – ɋ. 3. 5. Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛ- ɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. ɇ. ȼ. Ƚɨɧɱɚɪɨɜɚ. – Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 2016. – (ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ). – 47 ɫ. – ISBN 978-5-09-022995-1. 6. ɑɟɪɧɵɲɟɜɫɤɢɣ, ɇ. Ƚ. ɋɨɛɪɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɣ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɇ. Ƚ. ɑɟɪɧɵɲɟɜɫɤɢɣ. – ȼ 10 ɬ. – Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ; Ʌɟɧɢɧɝɪɚɞ: ɏɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, 1962. – Ɍ. 5. – 620 ɫ. – ISBN 5-88274-083-5.

ɍȾɄ 372.48 ɇ. Ɉ. Ɇɨɡɞɭɤɨɜɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ Ʉɢɫɟɥɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɤɪɭɝɚ «ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 14», Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]

Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚ ɩɨ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ «ɘɧɵɟ Ʉɨɥɭɦɛɵ»

ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɞɟɥɢɬɫɹ ɨɩɵɬɨɦ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ «ɘɧɵɟ ɤɨɥɭɦɛɵ» ɩɨ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɢ.

ɉɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɚ, ɭɧɢ- ɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. 181 N. O. Mozdukova, Kiselevsk Municipal District General Education Institution «General Education School ʋ 14», Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]

Development and evaluation of universal educational activities through the training kit on local history «Young Columbuses»

In the article the author shares the experience of evaluating the effectiveness of realization of the programme «Young Columbuses» in local history, project and creative activities in the classroom, the organization of self-assessment.

Project activities, creative activities, self-assessment, universal educational actios.

Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ (ɍɍȾ) – ɷɬɨ ɫɥɨɠ- ɧɵɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɝɪɨɦɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɟ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɍɍȾ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɭ ɩɨ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ «ɘɧɵɟ ɤɨ- ɥɭɦɛɵ». Ɉɧ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ, ɪɚɛɨɱɭɸ ɬɟɬɪɚɞɶ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɩɨ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ. Ʉɨɪɨɬɤɨ ɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɟ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ: ɜɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨ-ɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ; ɜɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚ ɦɚɥɨɥɟɬɧɢɯ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣ- ɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɝɟɪɨɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɝɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ. Ȼɵɥɨ ɛɵ ɜɟɥɢɱɚɣɲɟɣ ɨɲɢɛɤɨɣ ɧɟ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɚɟɬ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ, ɝɞɟ ɩɪɨ- ɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ, ɩɪɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ. ȼ-ɬɪɟɬɶɢɯ, ɡɧɚɤɨɦɫɬɜɨ ɫ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɟɣ ɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɞɟɬɹɦ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɩɪɢɱɚɫɬ- ɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ, ɨɳɭɬɢɬɶ ɫɟɛɹ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɨɦ ɜɟɥɢɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɜɩɢɬɚɬɶ ɧɪɚɜ- ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɟɦɶɢ. Ɋɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɡɧɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧ – ɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɨ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɤɚɯ ɢ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶ ɟɟ ɩɨɬɨɦɤɚɦ. ɉɚɦɹɬɶ ɨ ɩɪɟɞɤɚɯ – ɷɬɨ ɩɨɤɚ- ɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɧɚɰɢɢ. ȼ-ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɵɯ, ɨɫɨ- ɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ, ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢ- ɟɦ ɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɨɜ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ, ɢɫɱɟɡɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɦ ɰɟɥɵɯ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɨɜ, ɱɚɫɬɨ ɩɨɬɟɪɟɣ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɨɛ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɥɸɞɹɯ Ʉɢɫɟɥɟɜɫɤɚ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɍɆɄ ɩɨ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɤɥɚɫ- ɫɨɜ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɤɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɹ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɦɚ- ɥɨɣ ɪɨɞɢɧɵ – Ʉɢɫɟɥɟɜɫɤɚ, ɤɚɤ ɱɚɫɬɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɢ Ʉɭɡɛɚɫɫɚ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧ ɧɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ 4 ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ. ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ, ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ, ɩɨɢɫɤɨ- ɜɵɣ, ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ.

182 ɇɨɜɢɡɧɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ «ɘɧɵɟ ɤɨɥɭɦɛɵ» ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɜɟɫɬɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟ- ɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ; ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɢɫ- ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɤɨ-ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɭɡɟɹ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨ- ɪɨɦ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ 6 ɬɵɫ. ɷɤɫɩɨɧɚɬɨɜ; ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɭɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟ- ɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ ɞɟɬɶɦɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɞɧɨɢɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɬɟɬɪɚɞɢ. ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ «ɘɧɵɟ ɤɨɥɭɦɛɵ» ɡɚ- ɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɭ- ɬɟɦ ɩɨɞɛɨɪɚ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ. ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛ- ɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ, ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚɹ ɧɚɞ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɍɍȾ ɭ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ, ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɢɳɟɬ ɩɭɬɢ ɞɨɫɬɢ- ɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ. ȼɟɞɭɳɟɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ, ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸ ɞɟɬɹɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ: «Ƚɚ- ɥɟɪɟɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ», «ɋɨɤɪɨɜɢɳɚ ɢɡ ɛɚɛɭɲɤɢɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɧɞɭɤɚ», «Ɇɨɹ ɦɚɥɚɹ ɪɨɞɢ- ɧɚ», «ɍɥɢɰɚ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɹ ɠɢɜɭ», «Ʌɸɛɢɦɵɣ ɭɝɨɥɨɤ ɦɨɟɝɨ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ» ɢ ɞɪ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟ- ɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɍɍȾ: ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɧɨ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɰɟɥɶ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɜɵɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ, ɜɵɞɜɢɝɚɬɶ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɵ; ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɫɤɚɬɶ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɸɳɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɢɡ ɨɛɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ; ɡɚɩɪɚɲɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɸɳɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɭ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ; ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ; ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɧɨ-ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ [3, ɫ. 73]. ɋɪɟɞɢ ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɫɚ- ɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ, ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɢɯ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧ- ɧɨɫɬɢ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣ- ɫɬɜɢɣ, ɦɟɠɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɭɸ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɸ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ [1, ɫ. 56]. Ɉɩɵɬ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɪɚɡɝɚɞɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɪɨɫɫɜɨɪɞɨɜ, ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɜ ɤɜɟɫɬɚɯ, ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ. ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ, ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɨɦ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦ ɩɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ Ʉɢɫɟɥɟɜɫɤɚ, ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɚ- ɞɚɧɢɟ «Ƚɨɜɨɪɹɳɚɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɤɚ». ɑɬɨɛɵ ɟɝɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ, ɞɟɬɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨ- ɫɟɬɢɬɶ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɭɡɟɣ, ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɟɝɨ ɷɤɫɩɨɧɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ.

183 Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɟ «ɍɝɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ Ʉɢɫɟɥɟɜɫɤɚ» ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɞɚ- ɧɢɟɦ «Ɇɨɢ ɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɢ – ɲɚɯɬɟɪɵ». ɂɡɭɱɚɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɸ Ʉɢɫɟɥɟɜɫɤɚ ɜ ɝɨɞɵ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɣ Ɉɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɵ, ɦɨɢ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɧɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɷɜɚɤɨɝɨɫɩɢɬɚɥɹ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ «ɉɨɱɟɦɭ Ʉɢɫɟɥɟɜɫɤ ɜ ɝɨɞɵ ɜɨɣɧɵ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɥɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɦ ɦɢɥɨɫɟɪɞɢɹ?». ɗɬɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚɦ: ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɰɟɥɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ; ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢɡ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ, ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɫɬɟ- ɩɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ; ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬɵ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ, ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɭɛ- ɥɢɰɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ, ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɞɟɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɢɥɟɣ; ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ; ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨ ɢ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɧɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɟ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɟ; ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ; ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɧɨ-ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ; ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɸ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ [3, ɫ. 74]. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ, ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ – ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚ- ɸɳɟɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɤ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɵɦ ɮɨɪɦɚɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ [4]. ȼ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ, ɩɨɦɨɝɭɬ ɥɢɫɬɵ ɫɚ- ɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɢ. ȼ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɬɟɬɪɚɞɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɥɢɫɬ ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɢ, ɝɞɟ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚ- ɟɬ ɫɜɨɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ. ȿɦɭ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɪɚɬɤɨ ɨɩɢ- ɫɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ (ɋɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɹ ɭɡɧɚɥ …, ɛɵɥɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨ …, ɛɵɥɨ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ …, ɦɟɧɹ ɭɞɢɜɢɥɨ …, ɡɚɧɹɬɢɟ ɞɚɥɨ ɦɧɟ ɞɥɹ ɠɢɡɧɢ …, ɦɧɟ ɡɚ- ɯɨɬɟɥɨɫɶ …, ɪɚɫɫɤɚɠɭ ɞɨɦɚ, ɱɬɨ…). ɍɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɷɬɢ ɦɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɮɨɪɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɇɨ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ, ɭɱɢɬɟɥɸ ɯɨɱɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɷɦɨɰɢɨ- ɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɤɥɢɤ ɧɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɢɫ- ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɥɢɫɬɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɥɢɫɬ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɣ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ «ɘɧɵɣ ɤɨ- ɥɭɦɛ – ɷɬɨ…» ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ: 1. ȼɫɟ ɥɢ ɱɥɟɧɵ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɥɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ? Ⱥ) Ⱦɚ, ɜɫɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨ;

184 Ȼ) ɇɟɬ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɥ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɢɧ; ȼ) ɤɬɨ- ɬɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɥ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ, ɤɬɨ-ɬɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ. 2. Ⱦɪɭɠɧɨ ɥɢ ɜɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɢ? Ȼɵɥɢ ɫɫɨɪɵ? Ⱥ) Ɋɚɛɨɬɚɥɢ ɞɪɭɠɧɨ, ɫɫɨɪ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ; Ȼ) Ɋɚɛɨɬɚɥɢ ɞɪɭɠɧɨ, ɫɩɨɪɢɥɢ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɫɫɨɪɢɥɢɫɶ; ȼ) Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɞɨɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ, ɧɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥɨɫɶ. 3. Ɍɟɛɟ ɧɪɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ? Ⱥ) Ⱦɚ, ɜɫɺ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɨɫɶ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ; Ȼ) ɇɪɚɜɢɬɫɹ, ɧɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɥɭɱɲɟ; ȼ) ɇɟɬ, ɧɟ ɧɪɚɜɢɬɫɹ. ɉɨɱɟɦɭ? 4. Ɉɰɟɧɢ ɫɜɨɣ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ. Ⱥ) ɉɨɱɬɢ ɜɫɺ ɫɞɟɥɚɥɢ ɛɟɡ ɦɟɧɹ; Ȼ) ə ɫɞɟɥɚɥ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɦɧɨɝɨ, ɛɟɡ ɦɟɧɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɛɵ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɚɫɶ; ȼ) ə ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɥ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɢ. ɉɨ ɢɬɨɝɚɦ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɟɬɟɣ. ɇɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɟɫɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɣ ɥɢɫɬ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ).

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ «Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ «ɘɧɵɟ ɤɨɥɭɦɛɵ»

Ȼɥɨɤ 1 «ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ»

)

ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ

ɛɚɥɥɨɜ

ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ

ɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ

3- ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɇɨɜɢɡɧɚ ɞɨ ɀɚɧɪ 1 Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬ Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɋɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ( Ɉɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɉɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ Ɍɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɣ Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ Ɍɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ «ɘɧɵɣ ɤɨɥɭɦɛ – ɷɬɨ…» Ⱥɧɤɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɞ- ɧɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɞ- ɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ «Ɇɨɹ ɦɚ- ɥɚɹ ɪɨɞɢɧɚ» ɗɤɫɤɭɪɫɢɹ «Ƚɨɪɨɞ, ɱɬɨ ɫɟɪɞɰɭ ɞɨɪɨɝ» ɗɤɫɤɭɪɫɢɹ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɶ- ɧɵɣ ɦɭɡɟɣ «Ɇɨɹ ɦɚɥɚɹ ɪɨɞɢɧɚ»

185 Ɇɨɢ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɧɢɤɢ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɨɛɪɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ, ɫ ɢɧɬɟ- ɪɟɫɨɦ, ɜ ɬɟɫɧɨɦ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɚɦɢ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ, ɢɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɚɯ ɢ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶ- ɬɚɬɢɜɧɨ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɩɨɛɟɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɡɟɪɚɦɢ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɨɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ, ɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɹ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɭ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ, ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸɬ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ⱥɜɬɚɣɤɢɧɚ, Ɍ. Ɉ. Ɇɟɬɨɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɧɢɜɟɪ- ɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɭ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ɍ. Ɉ. Ⱥɜɬɚɣ- ɤɢɧɚ, Ɉ. ɋ. ȼɥɚɫɨɜɚ. – Ɇ.: ȺɉɄɢɉɉɊɈ, 2013. – 245 ɫ. 2. Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɚ, Ɉ. ɇ. ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɧɚ ɬɟɦɭ «Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ» [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ɉ. ɇ. Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɚ // Ɂɚɜɭɱ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ. – 2013. – ʋ 4. – ɋ. 87–93. 3. Ⱥɫɦɨɥɨɜ, Ⱥ. Ƚ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ: ɨɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɤ ɦɵɫɥɢ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ⱥ. Ƚ. Ⱥɫɦɨɥɨɜ, Ƚ. ȼ. Ȼɭɪ- ɦɟɧɫɤɚɹ, ɂ. Ⱥ. ȼɨɥɨɞɚɪɫɤɚɹ. – Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 2014. – 151 ɫ. 4. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɍɍȾ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɎȽɈɋ [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ] / ɂɧ- ɮɨɭɪɨɤ [ɋɚɣɬ]. – Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: https://infourok.ru/sistema_ocenivaniya_ uud_v_usloviyah_fgos-492181.htm – Ɂɚɝɥɚɜɢɟ ɫ ɫɚɣɬɚ. – Ⱦɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ: 14.08.2018.

ɍȾɄ 373.3 Ɉ. ɂ. ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɺɜɚ, ȿ. ɉ. ɒɢɲɤɢɧɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 26 ɢɦɟɧɢ Ƚɪɢɝɨɪɢɹ Ⱦɪɨɡɞɚ», ɉɪɨɤɨɩɶɟɜɫɤɢɣ ȽɈ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɚɞ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ «Ȼɪɚɬɶɹ ɧɚɲɢ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɟ»

ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ ɨ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ, ɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɦ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ. ɇɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ «Ȼɪɚɬɶɹ ɧɚɲɢ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɟ» ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɟɝɨ ɷɬɚ- ɩɚɯ.

ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ, ɦɥɚɞɲɢɟ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɢ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ.

186 O. I. Ponomareva, E. P. Shishkina, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «Grigory Drozd Secondary school ʋ 26», the city of Prokopyevsk, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

Activities of the environmental project «Our Younger Relatives»

The article reveals the importance of ecological education of primary school children. The authors propose the work on the project on pets as a means of environmental education and give the rationale for such work in primary school age. On the case of the project “Our Younger Relatives” the mechanism of work on the project at its different stages is described.

Environmental education, primary school children, project activities.

Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɫɬɪɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟ- ɫɬɜɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɢɡɢɫɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɫɸ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɭ. ɉɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɪɢɡɢɫɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɪɨɫɬɟ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɚɤɬɢɜ- ɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɩɨ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜ ɩɨ- ɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɤ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ, ɜ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢ- ɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɜ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɯ ɜɡɚ- ɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɣ, ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɧɟɣ. ɑɟɦ ɪɚɧɶɲɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɷɬɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ, ɬɟɦ ɨɳɭɬɢɦɟɟ ɟɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɣ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɦ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ. ȼɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ, ɡɚɛɨɬɵ ɨ ɠɢɜɵɯ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɚɯ ɪɨɠɞɚɸɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɥɭɱɲɢɯ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɱɟɪɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ. ɇɟɞɚɪɨɦ ȼ. ɋ. ɋɭ- ɯɨɦɥɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɩɢɫɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɶ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧ ɧɟ ɭɦɟɟɬ ɛɟɪɟɠɧɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ, ɡɚ- ɛɨɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɨ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɯ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ [2]. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɭ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɫɨɛɭɸ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɚɞ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ. ɉɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ – ɷɬɨ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɚɹ ɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤ- ɲɟɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ. ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɤɚɤ ɪɟɡɭɥɶ- ɬɚɬ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ, ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɦ, ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ, ɨɧ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧ ɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɬɟɦɚɦ: «ɀɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɪɚɫ-

187 ɬɟɧɢɹ ɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ», «ɀɚɥɨɛɧɚɹ ɤɧɢɝɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ», «ɉɨɦɨɠɟɦ ɡɢɦɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɬɢɰɚɦ», «Ɂɟɥɟɧɵɣ ɦɢɪ» ɢ ɬ.ɩ. ɐɟɥɶɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ ɫɬɚɧɟɬ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɛɟ- ɪɟɠɧɨɝɨ, ɡɚɛɨɬɥɢɜɨɝɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɤ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɦ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɦ. ɗɬɨ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɩɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦ. ɋ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɭ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɟɫɬɶ ɞɨɦɚɲ- ɧɢɟ ɩɢɬɨɦɰɵ (ɢɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɦɟɱɬɚɸɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɧɢ ɛɵɥɢ), ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɠɟɫɬɨɤɨɫɬɶɸ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɞɟɬɢ ɦɭɱɚɸɬ ɛɟɡɞɨɦɧɭɸ ɤɨɲɤɭ, ɧɚɬɪɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɞɪɭɝ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɫɨɛɚɤ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ «ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢ- ɦɟɧɬɵ» ɧɚɞ ɚɤɜɚɪɢɭɦɧɵɦɢ ɪɵɛɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɩɪɨɛɭɞɢɬɶ ɭ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɦɨ- ɠɟɬ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɛɨɥɶ, ɫɬɪɚɞɚɧɢɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɡɚɛɨɬɥɢɜɵɦ ɯɨɡɹɟɜɚɦ. Ɂɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ ɛɟɪɭɬɫɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɇ. Ⱥ. Ɋɵ- ɠɨɜɨɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɬɪɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɷɬɚɩɚ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ: 1. ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɰɟɥɢ, ɡɚ- ɞɚɱ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. 2. ɋɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ: ɩɨɢɫɤ ɨɬɜɟɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ. 3. Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ: ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɢɯ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ, ɮɨɪ- ɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɣ [1]. ȼ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ ɩɪɨ- ɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɟɬɟɣ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɞɟɬɹɦ ɨ ɩɪɟɞɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ, ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɤɚɤ ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɪɚɡ ɫɩɚɫɚɥɢ ɥɸɞɟɣ. ɍɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡ ɨ ɫɨɛɚɤɟ ɩɨ ɤɥɢɱɤɟ ɏɚɱɢɤɨ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɫɹɬɢ ɥɟɬ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɥɚ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɸ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɞɚɜɧɨ ɭɦɟɪɲɟɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɢɧɚ, ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝɟ ɩɨ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɟ ɜɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɧɨɝɨ ɂ. ɉ. ɉɚɜɥɨɜɚ ɜɨɡɜɟɞɟɧ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤ ɫɨɛɚɤɚɦ ɡɚ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɜ ɧɚɭɤɭ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɨ «Ɉɬ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɚ», ɨ ɤɨɲɤɚɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨ- ɫɬɨɹɬ ɜ ɲɬɚɬɟ ɗɪɦɢɬɚɠɚ, ɫɩɚɫɚɹ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɲɟɞɟɜɪɵ ɨɬ ɝɪɵɡɭɧɨɜ. ɗɦɨ- ɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ, ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪ ɜɢɞɟɨɮɢɥɶɦɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɥɚɣɞɨɜ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɟ: ɱɬɨ ɦɵ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɛɵɥɚ ɞɨɫɬɨɣɧɨɣ? ɇɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɢɧ- ɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨ (ɟɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ) ɢɥɢ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ. Ƚɪɭɩɩɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɦɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɨ ɬɟɦɚɦ: ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬ ɬɟɦɭ «ɋɨɛɚɤɢ – ɧɚɲɢ ɞɪɭɡɶɹ», ɞɪɭɝɚɹ – «ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɟ- ɡɟɦɧɨɣ ɤɪɚɫɨɬɵ – ɷɬɨ ɤɨɬɵ», ɬɪɟɬɶɹ «ɀɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ-ɦɚɥɵɲɤɢ» (ɯɨɦɹɱɤɢ, ɪɵɛɤɢ, ɩɬɢɱɤɢ ɢ ɞɪ.), ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɚɹ «Ɉɧɢ ɧɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ» (ɛɟɡɞɨɦɧɵɟ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ). Ⱦɪɭɝɨɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɩɩ – ɩɨ ɜɢɞɭ ɜɵ- ɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ: ɨɞɧɢ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɸɬ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ, ɨ ɩɪɚɜɢ- ɥɚɯ ɭɯɨɞɚ ɡɚ ɧɢɦɢ, ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɚɥɶɛɨɦ, ɧɚ ɜɵ- ɫɬɚɜɤɭ, ɬɪɟɬɶɹ ɝɨɬɨɜɢɬ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɱɤɭ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ. 188 ȼ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ: ɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɱɥɟɧɚ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ, ɫɨɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɩɨɜɚɞɤɚɯ ɢ ɩɪɢɜɵɱɤɚɯ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɯ ɩɢɬɨɦ- ɰɟɜ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɧɢɦɢ. ɍɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɨɧ- ɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɚ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ. Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɣ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ, ɨɛ- ɫɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ, ɨɮɨɪɦɥɹɟɬɫɹ. ɇɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨɛɨɛɳɚɸɬɫɹ, ɞɟɥɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ. ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɨɛɴɟɞɢ- ɧɢɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɜɫɟɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɜ ɨɞɢɧ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ, ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɩɪɢɞɭ- ɦɚɬɶ ɟɦɭ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, «Ȼɪɚɬɶɹ ɧɚɲɢ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɟ». Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɹɪɤɨɣ, ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɦɚɧ- ɧɨɣ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɬ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɜɵɫɲɚɹ ɬɨɱɤɚ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɤɚɥɚ, ɢ ɟɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɶ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ. ɋɥɟɞɭ- ɟɬ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɶ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɱɟɝɨ ɨɧ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɥɫɹ ɢ ɡɚɱɟɦ ɨɧ ɧɭɠɟɧ. ɉɪɨɟɤɬ- ɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɜɵ- ɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ. Ɍɚɤ, ɨɞɧɚ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɝɨɬɨɜɢɬ ɚɥɶ- ɛɨɦ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɦ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɦ, ɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶ- ɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɵ, ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ, ɪɢɫɭɧɤɢ, ɞɪɭɝɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɩɨɞɟɥɢɬɫɹ ɨɩɵɬɨɦ ɭɯɨɞɚ ɡɚ ɥɸɛɢɦɵɦ ɩɢɬɨɦɰɟɦ, ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɹ ɫɜɨɣ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡ ɩɨɤɚɡɨɦ ɫɥɚɣɞɨɜ, ɬɪɟɬɶɹ – ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɱɬɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɬɢɯɨɜ, ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢ- ɟɦ ɩɟɫɟɧ ɨ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ, ɪɚɡɵɝɪɵɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɰɟɧɨɤ, ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɚɹ – ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬ ɜɢɤɬɨ- ɪɢɧɵ, ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɵ. Ⱦɟɬɢ ɞɟɥɹɬɫɹ ɫɨɜɟɬɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɭɯɨɞɭ ɡɚ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɦɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵ- ɦɢ, ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɹ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɱɟɦ ɢɯ ɤɨɪɦɢɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɥɟɱɢɬɶ ɨɬ ɧɟɞɭɝɨɜ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢɭɱɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɤ ɨɩɪɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɬɨɝɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɟɥɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɤɨɝɞɚ-ɬɨ ɜ ɞɚɜɧɢɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ ɨɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɥ ɷɬɢɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ, ɫɞɟɥɚɥ ɢɯ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɩɢɬɨɦɰɚɦɢ, ɢ ɦɵ ɜ ɨɬɜɟɬɟ ɡɚ ɬɟɯ, ɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɪɭɱɢɥɢ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɧɚ- ɧɢɹ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɨ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ. ɋɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧ- ɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɩɥɨɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɜɡɚɢɦɨɩɨɦɨɳɶ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɫɪɟɞ- ɫɬɜɨɦ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɹ ɪɚɡ- ɜɢɬɢɸ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜ, ɤɚɤ ɫɨɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ, ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɛɨɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɨ ɬɟɯ, ɤɬɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ, ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɩɪɢ- ɪɨɞɟ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ɋɵɠɨɜɚ, ɇ. Ⱥ. ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ «Ɇɨɟ ɞɟɪɟɜɨ» [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɇ. Ⱥ. Ɋɵɠɨ- ɜɚ. – Ɇ.: Ɍɐ «ɋɮɟɪɚ», 2016. – 256 ɫ. 2. ɋɭɯɨɦɥɢɧɫɤɢɣ, ȼ. Ⱥ. ɋɟɪɞɰɟ ɨɬɞɚɸ ɞɟɬɹɦ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ȼ. Ⱥ. ɋɭɯɨɦɥɢɧɫɤɢɣ. – Ɇ.: Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥ, 2015. – 288 ɫ.

189 ɍȾɄ 373.1 Ɇ. ȿ. Ɋɭɞɚɤɨɜɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «Ʉɚɡɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ», ɇɨɜɨɤɭɡɧɟɰɤɢɣ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɣɨɧ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]

Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ

ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɭ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɫɩɥɚ- ɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ.

ɉɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɭ, ɷɬɚɩɵ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɟ- ɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.

M. E. Rudakova, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «Kazankovo General Education School», Novokuznetsk municipal district, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]

Organization of project extracurricular activities in primary school

The article describes the basic requirements for the project, discusses planning project activities in the classroom andgives examples of projects.

Project activities, requirements to projects, stages of project activities.

ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɧɟ- ɭɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ. Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɥɭɱɲɢɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɬɨ- ɪɨɣ, ɧɚ ɧɚɲ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ. ȼɧɟɲɧɢɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɜɢɞɟɬɶ, ɨɫɦɵɫɥɢɬɶ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ – ɨɩɵɬ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ – ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɛɟɫɰɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɹ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɢ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ: 1. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ (ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ) – ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ, ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ, ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ. 2. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɨ ɪɚɡ- ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɬ.ɟ. ɫ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ – ɫ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɢɞɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ. 190 3. Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ. ɉɨɢɫɤ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɞɭɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ, ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ. 4. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ. 5. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɭ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɪɨɟɤɬ ɧɚ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɸɳɟɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɩɪɟɞ- ɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ. 6. Ɉɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɪɬɮɨɥɢɨ – ɩɚɩɤɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɵ ɜɫɟ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ. ȼɚɠɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ: ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɫɜɨɣ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ! ɇɚɱɢɧɚɬɶ ɜɨɜɥɟɤɚɬɶ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ, ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɦ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɡɚ- ɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɹɞ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ, ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɤ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɭ. ɇɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɢ- ɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɸ. ɗɬɚɩɵ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɞɟɬɢ ɧɟ ɭɦɟɸɬ ɱɢɬɚɬɶ, ɩɢɫɚɬɶ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɨɫɨ- ɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ, ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɨ- ɟɤɬɨɦ ɩɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚ, ɩɟɪɜɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɬɶ ɬɟɦɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɥɢɡɤɢ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɝɨ. ɇɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɝɨɞɭ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɢ ɭɠɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɡ ɭɫɬɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɟɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ, ɢɡɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɧɨ ɜɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɟɳɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨɞ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ. ɇɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɞɟɬɢ ɦɨ- ɝɭɬ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɬɟɦɭ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ (ɩɨ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦ), ɜ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚɯ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶ ɷɫɤɢɡ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɦɚɤɟɬɚ, ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨ- ɟɤɬɚ. ɗɬɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ, ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɹɯ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɦ, ɱɟɬɜɺɪɬɨɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɚɯ. ɍɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫɨ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ, ɷɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɹɦɢ, ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ. Ɋɟɛɹɬɚ ɭɠɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ, ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɢɡ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɮɨɪɦɢɬɶ ɝɨɬɨ- ɜɵɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ: ɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɜɵɞɜɢɝɚɬɶ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɵ, ɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɦ, ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɵ, ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ- ɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬɵ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɨɜ, ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɬɶ, ɞɨɤɚ- ɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɡɚɳɢɳɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɢɞɟɢ. ȼɨɬ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ ɞɥɹ 3–4 ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ, ɧɚɞ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɢ. ɉɪɨɟɤɬ «Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɫɥɭɠɛɟ ɭ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ». Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ. 191 1. Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɫɥɭɠɛɟ ɭ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ: ɱɢɫɥɚ ɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɦ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɟ, ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ, ɩɨɱɜɚ – ɧɚɲɟ ɛɨɝɚɬɫɬɜɨ, ɜɨɞɚ – ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɞɟɪɟ- ɜɶɹ – ɛɟɫɰɟɧɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ. 2. Ƚɨɞ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɇɨɜɨɤɭɡɧɟɰɤɨɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ, ɜ ɦɨɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ. 3. ȼɵɜɨɞɵ, ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ. ɇɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɛɵɥ ɬɟɫɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫ ɨɤɪɭɠɚ- ɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ. ɇɨ, ɤɚɤ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɨɫɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ, ɨɩɚɫɧɨɟ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɭ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɥɨɫɶ, ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɫɹ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɦɟɲɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɢ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɝɪɨɡɢɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɚ. ə ɫɱɢɬɚɸ, ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ. ɗɬɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɸɛɨɜɶ ɢ ɛɟɪɟɠɧɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɠɢɜɨɦɭ, ɧɨ ɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨ ɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɫɟɛɹ, ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ. Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɥɢ ɩɟɪɜɨɫɬɟɩɟɧ- ɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ, ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɪɚɣɨɧɟ. ȼɨɡɧɢɤɥɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢ- ɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɫ, ɢ ɩɨɞɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ. Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɥɢ- ɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ, ɩɨɥɨɠɢ- ɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞ- ɧɨɦ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɢ. ȼ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɦɵ ɩɨɩɵɬɚɥɢɫɶ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɶ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɫ- ɯɨɞɢɬ ɫ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ ɧɚ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɟ. Ɇɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟ- ɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɯ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ. ɐɟɥɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ: ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ: ɦɨɠɟɬ ɥɢ ɦɚɬɟ- ɦɚɬɢɤɚ ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ? Ȼɵɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ. 1. ɂɡɭɱɢɬɶ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɟ. Ɉɬɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɞɥɹ ɢɫ- ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɝɥɚɜɧɭɸ, ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɭɸ, ɩɨɧɹɬɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ. 2. ɂɡɭɱɢɬɶ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɫɟɥɚ ɢ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ. 3. Ⱦɚɬɶ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ, ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟ- ɥɨɜɟɤɚ. 4. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ: ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɩɨ- ɥɭɱɟɧɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ; ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟ- ɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ. Ɇɵ ɜɵɞɜɢɧɭɥɢ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɭ, ɜɡɹɜ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɢɡ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɧɢɮɟɫɬɚ: «ȼɨɡɞɭɯ – ɧɚɲ ɨɬɟɰ. ȼɨɞɚ – ɦɚɬɶ. Ɂɟɦɥɹ – ɞɨɦ. Ɋɨɫɚ – ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɤɪɨ- ɜɢɳɟ. ɉɬɢɰɵ ɢ ɡɜɟɪɢ, ɰɜɟɬɵ ɢ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɹ ɜɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɤ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ: ɫɛɟɪɟɝɢ, ɫɨɯɪɚ- ɧɢ, ɝɞɟ ɫɬɨɢɲɶ, ɝɞɟ ɠɢɜɟɲɶ – ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɜɡɝɥɹɞɚ ɢ ɝɨɥɨɫɚ, ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ ɧɚ 192 ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɜɵɬɹɧɭɬɨɣ ɪɭɤɢ! ɂ ɬɜɨɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ, ɩɨɦɧɨ- ɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɦɢɥɥɢɨɧɵ, ɫɬɚɧɟɬ ɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɵɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨɦ Ɉɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɚ…». ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ: ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟ- ɪɢɚɥɚ ɨɞɧɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɚɦ, ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɸ, ɛɭɤɥɟɬ «ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ». ɗɬɚɩɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ: ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɢ- ɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɚɧɤɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ, ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡ, ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɪɚɜ- ɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ. ɉɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ, ɨɬɜɟɬɵ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɵɦɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ. Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ ɩɨɡɜɨ- ɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ, ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɢ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɬɶ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟ- ɧɢɹ. Ƚɢɩɨɬɟɡɚ «ȼɨɡɞɭɯ – ɧɚɲ ɨɬɟɰ. ȼɨɞɚ – ɦɚɬɶ. Ɂɟɦɥɹ – ɞɨɦ. Ɋɨɫɚ – ɧɚɰɢɨ- ɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɤɪɨɜɢɳɟ… ɂ ɬɜɨɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ, ɩɨɦɧɨɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɦɢɥɥɢɨɧɵ, ɫɬɚɧɟɬ ɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɵɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨɦ Ɉɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɚ…» ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɥɚɫɶ. ȿɳɟ ɨɞɢɧ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ – «ȼ ɦɢɪɟ ɪɟɛɭɫɨɜ». ɍɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ, ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɭ: ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ ɜ 3–4 ɤɥɚɫɫɚɯ. ɍɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɜɵɞɜɢɧɭɥɢ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɭ, ɱɬɨ, ɢɡɭɱɢɜ ɢɫ- ɬɨɪɢɸ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɛɭɫɨɜ, ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɪɚɡɝɚɞɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɛɭ- ɫɨɜ, ɨɧɢ ɫɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɹɬ ɢ ɪɚɫ- ɲɢɪɹɬ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɟ. ɐɟɥɶ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ: ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɝɚɞɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɛɭɫɨɜ. Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ: ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɨ ɪɚɡ- ɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɝɚɞɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɛɭɫɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ, ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ. ɍɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɵɬɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ: ɝɞɟ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɪɟɛɭɫɵ, ɤɚɤɢɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɝɚɞɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɛɭɫɨɜ, ɜ ɤɚɤɢɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɛɭɫɵ? Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɪɭɞɧɵɦ ɤ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɸ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ. ɋɨ- ɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɝɚɞɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɛɭɫɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢ ɬɜɨɪ- ɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ, ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɦ. ɗɬɚɩɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ: 1. ȼɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ: ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɜɵɛɨɪ ɬɟɦɵ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ, ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɰɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ, ɜɵɛɨɪ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ. 2. ɉɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ: ɫɛɨɪ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚ- ɰɢɢ, ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ Microsoft Office Word, Microsoft PowerPoint, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ, ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ. 3. Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ: ɩɨɢɫɤ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨɛ ɢɫ- ɬɨɪɢɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɛɭɫɨɜ, ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɝɚɞɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟ- ɛɭɫɨɜ, ɩɨɢɫɤ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɟɛɭɫɨɜ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɢ ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɟ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜ- ɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɛɭɫɨɜ ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɟ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɛɭɤɥɟɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ, ɩɨɞ- ɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ. 193 ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɚ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ, ɢɡɭɱɢɜ ɩɪɚɜɢ- ɥɚ ɪɚɡɝɚɞɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɛɭɫɨɜ, ɹ ɫɦɨɝ ɢɯ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ- ɥɹɬɶ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɢɥ ɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɥ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɟ, ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɞɢɥɚɫɶ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. ɋɟɪɝɟɟɜ, ɂ. ɋ. Ʉɚɤ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ / ɂ. ɋ. ɋɟɪɝɟɟɜ. – Ɇ.: ȺɊɄɌɂ, 2006. – 80 ɫ. 2. ɇɨɜɢɤɨɜɚ, Ɍ. ɂ. ɉɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɢ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ɍ. ɂ. ɇɨɜɢɤɨɜɚ // ɇɚɪɨɞɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ. – 2008. – ʋ 7. – ɋ. 18–21. 3. ɋɭɜɨɪɨɜɚ, ȼ. Ɇ. Ɉɩɵɬ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚɦɢ: ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ, ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɝɪɵ, ɜɢɤɬɨɪɢɧɵ, ɷɤɫɤɭɪɫɢɢ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɚɜɬ.-ɫɨɫɬ. ȼ. Ⱥ. ɋɭ- ɜɨɪɨɜɚ. – ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞ: ɍɱɢɬɟɥɶ, 2009. – 189 ɫ.

ɍȾɄ 373.1 ɇ. ȼ. ɋɤɭɞɚɪɧɨɜɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «Ƚɢɦɧɚɡɢɹ ʋ 1 ɢɦɟɧɢ Ɍɚɫɢɪɨɜɚ Ƚ. ɏ. ɝɨɪɨɞɚ Ȼɟɥɨɜɨ», Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]

ȼɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ

ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɨɩɵɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ⱥɜɬɨɪ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɺɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɞɟɬɶɦɢ.

ȼɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨ- ɫɬɢ, ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ.

N. V. Skudarnovɚ, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution « Tasirov G. Kh. Belovo Gymnasium ʋ 1», the city of Belovo, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]

Extracurricular activities as a means of development of creative abilities of primary school children

The article presents an experience of working with primary school children in extracurricular activities. The author proposes methods of work with children.

194 Extracurricular activities, development conditions, creativity, activity approach.

ɋ 2010 ɝɨɞɚ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɨɫɭ- ɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ- ɧɢɹ (ɎȽɈɋ ɇɈɈ). ɎȽɈɋ ɇɈɈ – ɷɬɨ ɬɨɬ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɚ- ɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ, ɤ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɤ ɪɟɡɭɥɶ- ɬɚɬɚɦ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛ- ɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɗɬɨ ɬɨɬ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɞ- ɱɟɪɤɧɭɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɤɚɤɢɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ. ɇɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ, ɧɨ ɢ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. ȼ ɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ, ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ, ɜɫɺ ɩɨɧɹɬɧɨ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɭɪɨɤ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɬɟɦɵ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɭɱɢ- ɬɟɥɹ. Ⱥ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɱɟɝɨ ɨɧɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ? ɇɭɠɧɚ ɥɢ ɨɧɚ? ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɭɸ, ɩɪɨɲɥɚ ɤ ɜɵɜɨɞɭ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɚ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɭɠɧɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɱɟɝɨ? Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɢɞ ɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɟɟ. ȼɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɺɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɨ- ɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ. ȼ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ. Ʉɚɤ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ? Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ. ȿɫɥɢ ɭɪɨɤ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɱɟɬɤɢɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢ- ɱɟɧɢɹ, ɬɨ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɚ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɧɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ «Ɇɨɹ ɩɟɪɜɚɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ» ɞɟɬɢ ɢɡɭɱɚɸɬ ɪɚɫɬɟ- ɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɨɛɢɬɚɧɢɹ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɹ ɷɤɫɤɭɪɫɢɢ ɜ ɩɚɪɤ. Ⱦɟɬɹɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɨɧɢ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ. ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɞɟɬɹɦ ɩɪɨɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɢɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɶ ɯɜɨɸ ɫɨɫɧɵ ɢ ɥɢɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɰɵ, ɜɵɹɫɧɢɬɶ, ɱɟɦ ɨɧɢ ɩɨɯɨɠɢ ɢ, ɱɟɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ, ɩɪɨɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɰɜɟɬ ɤɨɪɵ. ȼɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɹ ɫ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɠɟ ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɞɟɬɹɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɹɫɧɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɧɢɦɢ ɞɟɪɟɜɨ ɢɥɢ ɤɭɫɬɚɪɧɢɤ, ɤɚɤɢɟ ɩɬɢɰɵ, ɧɚɫɟɤɨɦɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ. Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɜɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ. ȼɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɞɨɣɬɢ ɞɨ ɩɚɪɤɚ, ɜɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ, ɜ-ɬɪɟɬɶɢɯ, ɩɪɨɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ, ɜ- ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɵɯ, ɨɮɨɪɦɢɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ (ɡɚɪɢɫɨɜɚɬɶ, ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ), ɜ-ɩɹɬɵɯ, ɩɨɞɟɥɢɬɶɫɹ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɚɦɢ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɚɦɢ. ɂ ɟɫɥɢ ɛɵ ɷɬɨ ɛɵɥ ɭɪɨɤ, ɬɨ ɞɟɬɹɦ ɯɜɚɬɢɥɨ ɛɵ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɩɨɯɨɞ ɞɨ ɩɚɪɤɚ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɢɞ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɧɟ ɨɞɢɧ ɭɪɨɤ. Ⱦɟɬɹɦ ɧɪɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɵ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ, ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ, ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɟɣ. Ⱦɟɬɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɭ, ɢ ɜ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ 195 ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ. ȼɫɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɜɨɺ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɧɚɭɱ- ɧɵɯ ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɯ, ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹɯ ɜ ɚɤɰɢɹɯ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɝɨ- ɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɪɨɞɭ, ɛɟɪɟɱɶ ɟɺ ɞɚɪɵ, ɚ ɚɤɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɫɛɨɪ ɭ ɦɚɤɭɥɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɦɨɝɥɚ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɞɟɬɢ ɩɪɢɧɨɫɹɬ ɩɨɥɶ- ɡɭ, ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɬ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɹ. ɉɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɟɬɢ ɩɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɥɢɫɶ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɡɚɱɟɦ ɷɬɚ ɚɤɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ, ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ. Ⱥ ɞɚɥɟɟ – ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ. Ⱦɟɬɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɫɞɚɜɚɥɢ ɦɚɤɭɥɚɬɭɪɭ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɞɫɱɺɬɵ. Ʉɚɤɢɟ? ȼɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɚɤɭɥɚɬɭɪɵ ɫɞɚɥɢ, ɜɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ. ɉɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥ ɟɳɺ ɢ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɨ- ɦɟɧɬ, ɤɬɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ. Ɂɚ ɬɪɢ ɝɨɞɚ ɧɚɲ ɤɥɚɫɫ ɫɞɚɥ 600 ɤɢɥɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɜ ɦɚɤɭɥɚɬɭ- ɪɵ. 100 ɤɝ ɦɚɤɭɥɚɬɭɪɵ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɬ 1 ɞɟɪɟɜɨ. Ɇɵ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢ 6 ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ. Ɇɧɨɝɨ ɷɬɨ ɢɥɢ ɦɚɥɨ? Ȼɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ, ɦɧɨɝɨ. Ɇɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɵ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɟɬɢ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɚ. ȿɠɟɝɨɞɧɚɹ ɚɤɰɢɹ «ɋɞɚɣ ɛɚɬɚɪɟɣɤɭ – ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢ ɺɠɢɤɚ». ɉɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɬɪɺɯ ɥɟɬ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɦɵ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɥɢ ɛɚɬɚɪɟɣɤɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ ɦɨɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ, ɩɨɱɬɢ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɞɟɧɶ, ɩɪɢɧɨɫɢɥ ɩɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɛɚɬɚɪɟɟɤ. ɂ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɪɚɡ ɭɡɧɚɜɚɥ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɢɬɫɹ ɚɤɰɢɹ. Ɇɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɢɧɬɟ- ɪɟɫɧɨ ɭɡɧɚɬɶ, ɞɥɹ ɱɟɝɨ ɨɧ ɬɚɤ ɠɞɺɬ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɚɤɰɢɢ? ɇɚ ɱɬɨ Ɇɚɤɫɢɦ ɋ. ɨɬɜɟɬɢɥ: «ə ɨɱɟɧɶ ɯɨɱɭ ɫɩɚɫɬɢ ɺɠɢɤɚ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɩɨɞɚɪɨɤ ɫɟɛɟ ɞɨ- ɦɨɣ». Ɋɟɛɺɧɨɤ ɜ ɛɭɤɜɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɩɨɧɹɥ, ɱɬɨ, ɫɞɚɜɚɹ ɛɚɬɚɪɟɣɤɢ, ɨɧ ɦɨ- ɠɟɬ ɫɩɚɫɬɢ ɺɠɢɤɚ. ɇɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɝɨɜɨɪɢɥɢ, ɞɥɹ ɱɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɚɤɰɢɢ. ɉɨɫɟɬɢɥɢ ɜɵɫɬɚɜɤɭ ɫ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɦɢ, ɝɞɟ ɛɵɥ ɺɠɢɤ. Ɍɨɬ ɫɚɦɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɚɤɰɢɹ! Ⱦɟɬɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɵ. ɏɨɬɹ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɠɢɜɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɟɦɭ ɠɢɬɶ ɥɭɱɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɤɥɟɬɤɟ. ɍ ɭɱɟɧɢɰɵ ɦɨɟɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɚ ɢɞɟɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɨɜɨɝɨɞɧɢɯ ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢ- ɤɨɜ ɧɟ ɜɵɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɬɶ ɟɥɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɤɭɩɥɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɤɚ, ɚ «ɞɚɬɶ ɟɣ ɜɬɨɪɭɸ ɠɢɡɧɶ». Ɍɚɤ ɪɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ «ȼɬɨɪɚɹ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɥɟɫɧɨɣ ɤɪɚɫɚɜɢɰɵ» ȼɢɤɢ ɀ., ɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɛɚɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɨɛ- ɥɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɚɯ, ɝɞɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɰɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɚ ɩɪɢɡɨɜɵɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ. ɉɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɨɱɜɵ. ɍɱɟɧɢɤɚ Ɇɢɯɚɢɥɚ Ⱥ. ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɥɚ ɝɥɢɧɚ. Ɉɧ ɫɦɨɝ «ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ» ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɟ ɲɟɞɟɜɪɵ ɢɡ ɝɥɢɧɵ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɥ ɷɬɨ ɜ ɩɪɨ- ɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ «ɉɨɥɢɦɟɪɧɚɹ ɝɥɢɧɚ: Ʉɚɤ «ɩɪɢɪɭɱɢɬɶ» ɤɢɧɨɮɚɧɬɚɡɢɸ». Ɇɚ- ɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ Ɇɢɯɚɢɥ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɥ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ, ɨɛɥɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɜɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ, ɝɞɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɚ ɠɸɪɢ ɢ ɡɚɧɹɥɚ ɩɪɢɡɨɜɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ. ɇɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɦɫɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɮɢɥɶ- ɦɨɜ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ, ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɫɜɨɢ 7 ɱɭɞɟɫ Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. Ȼɵɥɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɮɢɥɶɦɵ: Ɋɭɫɫɤɚɹ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɫɤɚɡɤɚ «Ʉɚɲɚ ɢɡ ɬɨɩɨɪɚ» (ɩɨ ɢɥɥɸ- ɫɬɪɚɰɢɹɦ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɫ ɨɡɜɭɱɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ), «Ȼɟɥɨɜɨ. Ƚɨɪɨɞ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ», «ɀɢɜɚɹ ɩɚ- ɦɹɬɶ» (ɨ ɞɟɬɹɯ ɛɥɨɤɚɞɧɨɝɨ Ʌɟɧɢɧɝɪɚɞɚ, ɠɢɜɭɳɢɯ ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɟ Ȼɟɥɨɜɨ). ɋɨɱɢ- 196 ɧɟɧɢɟ «ɋɟɦɶ ɱɭɞɟɫ Ʉɭɡɛɚɫɫɚ» ɫɬɚɥɨ ɩɨɛɟɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɥɚɭɪɟɚɬɨɦ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɚ. Ɍɚɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɧɟ ɦɚɥɨ! ɉɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɢɬɶ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ! Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɟɧ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɧɟɨɛɵɱɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɧɨɜɢɡɧɨɣ. Ɇɧɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɨɩɵɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɡɜɨ- ɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɧɟɭɫɩɟɲɧɵɣ ɪɟɛɺɧɨɤ ɜ ɭɱɺɛɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɩɟɲɟɧ ɧɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ- ɫɬɢ. ɉɪɢɺɦɵ ɜɢɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɵɱɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɦ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɞɟɬɹɦ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ – ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɚɦɢ, ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɩɨ- ɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ. Ⱦɟɬɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ. Ⱥ ɷɬɨ ɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ.

ɍȾɄ 373.1 ȿ. Ⱥ. ɒɚɛɚɥɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 2», Ʌɟɧɢɧɫɤ-Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɤɢɣ ȽɈ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]

ȼɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ

ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɰɢ- ɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ. Ɉɫɨ- ɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɭɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶ- ɧɢɤɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɜɚɠɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ.

ɋɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ, ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ.

E. A. Shabala, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «General Education School ʋ 2», the city of Leninsk-Kuznetsky, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]

Fostering socialized personality through the extracurricular activity

The article discusses the conditions necessary for the upbringing of a socialized personality in a modern school through extracurricular activities. Particular at- tention is paid to the formation of the ecological culture of primary school children as an important component of the socialization of the learner’s personality.

Socialization, socialized personality, education, ecology. 197 ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɵɦ ɜ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɢɦ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ, ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦ ɤ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɢ ɤ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ. ɋɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ – (ɨɬ ɥɚɬ. socialis – ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ), ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɧɨɪɦ ɢ ɰɟɧɧɨ- ɫɬɟɣ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɟɦɭ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɩɪɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɱɥɟɧɚ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ. ɋɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ – ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɪɢɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɤ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɸ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɞɟɬɢ ɩɪɨ- ɟɰɢɪɭɸɬ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɩɵɬ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɸɬ ɨɛɳɟɱɟɥɨɜɟ- ɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɧɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ Ɇ. ɂ. Ɋɨɠɤɨɜɚ ɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬ- ɧɵɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜ. Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫɨɰɢ- ɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɫ- ɩɢɬɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬ ɩɟɞɚ- ɝɨɝ-ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝ 2 ɪɚɡɚ ɜ ɝɨɞ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ, ɤɥɚɫɫɧɵɯ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢ- ɤɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ (ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɚɹ ɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ). ɂɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɹ ɪɟ- ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɤɥɸɱɨɦ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɞɚɧ- ɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɍɱɚɳɢɦɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɶ (ɩɪɨɫɥɭɲɚɬɶ) 20 ɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɨɰɟ- ɧɢɬɶ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɹ ɫ ɢɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɲɤɚɥɟ: 4 – ɜɫɟɝɞɚ; 3 – ɩɨɱɬɢ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ; 2 – ɢɧɨɝɞɚ; 1 – ɨɱɟɧɶ ɪɟɞɤɨ; 0 – ɧɢɤɨɝɞɚ. ɇɢɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɟ ɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ. 1. ɋɬɚɪɚɸɫɶ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ. 2. ɋɱɢɬɚɸ, ɱɬɨ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɧɚɞɨ ɱɟɦ-ɬɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ. 3. Ɂɚ ɱɬɨ ɛɵ ɹ ɧɢ ɜɡɹɥɫɹ – ɞɨɛɢɜɚɸɫɶ ɭɫɩɟɯɚ. 4. ə ɭɦɟɸ ɩɪɨɳɚɬɶ ɥɸɞɟɣ. 5. ə ɫɬɪɟɦɥɸɫɶ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜɫɟ ɦɨɢ ɬɨɜɚɪɢɳɢ. 6. Ɇɧɟ ɯɨɱɟɬɫɹ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɩɟɪɟɞɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɞɟɥɟ. 7. ə ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɸɫɶ ɭɩɪɹɦɵɦ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɭɜɟɪɟɧ, ɱɬɨ ɹ ɩɪɚɜ. 8. ɋɱɢɬɚɸ, ɱɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɥɸɞɹɦ ɞɨɛɪɨ – ɷɬɨ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ. 9. ɋɬɚɪɚɸɫɶ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɦɟɧɹ ɯɜɚɥɢɥɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɟ. 10. Ɉɛɳɚɹɫɶ ɫ ɬɨɜɚɪɢɳɚɦɢ, ɨɬɫɬɚɢɜɚɸ ɫɜɨɟ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ. 198 11. ȿɫɥɢ ɹ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɡɚɞɭɦɚɥ, ɬɨ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɸ. 12. Ɇɧɟ ɧɪɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ. 13. Ɇɧɟ ɯɨɱɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɨ ɦɧɨɣ ɜɫɟ ɞɪɭɠɢɥɢ. 14. ȿɫɥɢ ɦɧɟ ɧɟ ɧɪɚɜɹɬɫɹ ɥɸɞɢ, ɬɨ ɹ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɭ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ ɨɛɳɚɬɶɫɹ. 15. ɋɬɪɟɦɥɸɫɶ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɩɨɛɟɠɞɚɬɶ ɢ ɜɵɢɝɪɵɜɚɬɶ. 16. ɉɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɸ ɧɟɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ, ɤɚɤ ɫɜɨɢ. 17. ɋɬɪɟɦɥɸɫɶ ɧɟ ɫɫɨɪɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɬɨɜɚɪɢɳɚɦɢ. 18. ɋɬɚɪɚɸɫɶ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɩɪɚɜɨɬɭ, ɞɚɠɟ ɟɫɥɢ ɫ ɦɨɢɦ ɦɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɟ. 19. ȿɫɥɢ ɹ ɛɟɪɭɫɶ ɡɚ ɞɟɥɨ, ɬɨ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɜɟɞɭ ɟɝɨ ɞɨ ɤɨɧɰɚ. 20. ɋɬɚɪɚɸɫɶ ɡɚɳɢɳɚɬɶ ɬɟɯ, ɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɢɠɚɸɬ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ ɢ ɥɟɝɱɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢ- ɦɨ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɛɥɚɧɤ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ (Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1).

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1 Ȼɥɚɧɤ ɨɬɜɟɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɬɟɫɬ

1 5 9 13 17 2 6 10 14 18 3 7 11 15 19 4 8 12 16 20

ɋɪɟɞɧɸɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɩɪɢ ɫɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɤ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɱɤɢ ɢ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɧɚ ɩɹɬɶ. Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚ- ɰɢɣ ɫɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɱɤɨɣ. Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ – ɫ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɣ ɫɬɪɨɱɤɨɣ. Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɝɭɦɚɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɦ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ (ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ) – ɫ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɱɤɨɣ. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɬɪɟɯ, ɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɬɢɪɨ- ɜɚɬɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ; ɟɫɥɢ ɠɟ ɨɧ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɞɜɭɯ, ɧɨ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɬɪɟɯ, ɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜ. ȿɫɥɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɨɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɛɚɥɥɨɜ, ɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɱɚɳɢɣɫɹ (ɢɥɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ) ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɢɡɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɣ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɥɨɠɧɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɧɨ-ɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɧɨ ɭ ɫɨ- ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɟɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɶ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ ɤ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟ- ɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɚɰɟɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɭ- ɱɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɨɣ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ

199 ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɝɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ (ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɚɞɚɩɬɢ- ɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ, ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɭ- ɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ). Ɋɨɥɶ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɜ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɩɟɪɟ- ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ. ɒɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɢ ɜ ɧɟɩɪɢɧɭɠɞɺɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɸɬ ɦɚɥɟɧɶ- ɤɢɟ, ɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɛɹ ɢ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɪɨɜɟɫɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ, ɭɱɚɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟ- ɧɹɬɶ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ, ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ, ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɧɚ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ. ɋɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɸɬ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ. ɉɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ «ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɵɣ ɤɪɭɝ»: ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ, ɢɦɟɸ- ɳɢɟɫɹ ɭ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ, ɩɪɢ ɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɜ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟ- ɬɟɧɢɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ. ȼ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɛɹɬ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ɍɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɯ ɢ ɞɨɛɪɨɜɨɥɶɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɚɤɰɢɹɯ: – ɩɪɨɟɤɬ «ɀɢɬɶ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɨ!» – ɫ 2014 ɝɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɚɫɮɚɥɶɬɟ ɭ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɚɤɬɢ- ɜɢɫɬɚɦɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɜɟɬɚ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɨ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɹɪɤɢɯ ɢ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜ- ɧɵɯ ɧɚɞɩɢɫɟɣ: «Ɍɵ ɥɭɱɲɢɣ», «Ɍɵ ɫɩɨɪɬɢɜɧɵɣ», «Ɍɵ ɞɨɛɪɵɣ!», «Ɍɵ ɤɪɟɚ- ɬɢɜɧɵɣ», ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɦ, ɤɬɨ ɢɞɺɬ ɧɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɞɨɦɨɣ; – ɫ 2016 ɝɨɞɚ ɲɤɨɥɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ «ɒɤɨɥɚ ɸɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɹ», ɝɞɟ ɪɟɛɹɬɚ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɭ ɢ ɦɚɪɤɟ- ɬɢɧɝɭ; – ɜ ɧɵɧɟɲɧɟɦ ɝɨɞɭ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɩɨɛɟɞɢɥɢ ɜ ɦɟɠɪɟɝɢɨ- ɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɟ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ – ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ «Ɇɨɣ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ – 2018»; – ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɟɠɟɝɨɞɧɚɹ ɞɨɛɪɨɜɨɥɶɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɰɢɹ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɜɟɬɚ «Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɹ «ɇɨɜɵɣ ɝɨɞ» (ɩɨɡɞɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɞɨɦɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ-ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɨɜ, ɨɛɭɱɚ- ɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɭ ɧɚɫ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ); – ɚɤɰɢɢ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ «ɉɨɦɨɝɢ ɩɬɢɰɚɦ ɡɢɦɨɣ!», «ɋɨɯɪɚ- ɧɢɦ ɺɥɨɱɤɭ!» ɫɬɚɥɢ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ; – ɨɛɳɟɲɤɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɚɤɰɢɹ «ɉɨɞɚɪɢ ɹɛɥɨɤɨ ɞɪɭɝɭ» ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɟɧɶ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɫɟ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɢ ɩɪɢɧɨɫɹɬ ɫ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɧɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɹɛ- ɥɨɤɨ; ɩɪɢ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɭ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɹɛɥɨɧɢ ɛɭ- ɦɚɠɧɨɟ ɹɛɥɨɤɨ ɫ ɢɦɟɧɟɦ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɥɸɛɨɦɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɢɦɟɧɟɦ ɞɚɪɢɬ ɩɪɢɧɟɫɺɧɧɨɟ ɹɛɥɨɤɨ, ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɹ ɠɟɫɬ ɞɨɛɪɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ; – ɩɪɢɧɹɥɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɰɢɢ «Ⱦɚɪɢɬɟ ɤɧɢɝɢ ɫ ɥɸɛɨ- ɜɶɸ», ɚ ɜ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɟ ɪɟɛɹɬ ɤɧɢɝ, ɤɭɞɚ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɧɟɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɧɧɭɸ ɤɧɢɝɭ, ɢɥɢ ɜɡɹɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɭɠɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ- ɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɬɚɜɤɟ ɤɧɢɝɢ ɢ ɞɪ. 200 ɋɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬ- ɪɟɬɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɪɢɡɦɭ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ – ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɨɫɹɡɚɟɦɵɯ, ɧɨ ɜ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ. ȼ ɫɢɥɭ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ, ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɝɚɠɚ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɨɛ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɦ ɦɢɪɟ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɟ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɫɨ- ɡɧɚɬɶ ɜɫɸ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ. ɇɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɦɚɤɫɢ- ɦɭɦ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ. Ɋɟɛɹɬɚ ɡɧɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɞɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɚɦɢɦ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɣ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɨɤɪɭɠɟ- ɧɢɹ. ɋɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɧɨɝɨ: – ɜɵɩɭɫɤ ɝɚɡɟɬ ɢ ɥɢɫɬɨɜɨɤ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɨɯɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɦɵ; – ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɹɬɢɦɢɧɭɬɤɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ; – ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ; – ɮɥɟɲɦɨɛɵ ɜ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ; – ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɚɯ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɨɜ ɢ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɣ, ɩɨɫɜɹɳɺɧɧɵɯ ɤɪɚɫɨɬɟ ɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ; – ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɚɤɰɢɹɯ ɩɨ ɫɛɨɪɭ ɦɚɤɭɥɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɛɚɬɚɪɟɟɤ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɬɧɵɯ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɨɜ ɨ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɯ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ «ɡɟɥɺɧɵɯ ɥɺɝɤɢɯ» ɧɚɲɟɣ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɵ ɢ ɬ. ɞ. ȼɫɹ ɷɬɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɟ ɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɜɧɨɞɭɲɧɵɦɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ, ɧɨ ɢ ɢɯ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɤ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɸ ɜ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɚɤɰɢɹɯ, ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɪɟɛɹɬɚɦ ɜ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ, ɩɨɞɛɨɪɟ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɣ ɧɚ ɤɨɧ- ɤɭɪɫɵ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɤ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦ ɨɛ- ɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɤ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɞɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɟɟ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ. ɇɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɱɚ- ɫɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɛɪɨɫɨɜɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ (ɤɨɪɨɛɤɢ, ɥɟɧɬɨɱɤɢ, ɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ ɨɛɨɟɜ, ɰɜɟɬɧɵɯ ɤɚɪɚɧɞɚɲɟɣ, CD-ɞɢɫɤɢ ɢ ɞɪ. ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ) ɞɥɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɷɤɫ- ɤɥɸɡɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɦɨɞɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɣ. Ɍɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɡɚɤɨɥɤɢ ɢ ɨɛɨɞɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɥɨɫ, ɛɪɨɲɢ, ɦɚɝɧɢɬɵ, ɮɨɬɨɪɚɦɤɢ, ɲɨɤɨɥɚɞɧɢɰɵ, ɨɬɤɪɵɬɤɢ ɤ ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɤɚɦ. ȼɫɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɪɟɛɹɬɚ ɞɚɪɹɬ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɦ, ɞɪɭɡɶɹɦ, ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹɦ, ɜɟɬɟɪɚɧɚɦ ɤ ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɤɚɦ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɞɨɛɪɨɜɨɥɶɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɚɤɰɢɣ. ȼɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɬɡɵɜɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɨɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɥɸɛɜɢ ɤ ɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ, ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɧɚɪɨɞɭ, Ɋɨɞɢɧɟ, ɭɜɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɟɟ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɹɦ, ɝɟɪɨɢ- ɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɦɭ, ɦɧɨɝɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɰɢ- ɚɥɶɧɨ ɰɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ, ɨɩɵɬɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ- ɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢ- ɡɚɰɢɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ. 201 Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ⱥɧɤɭɞɢɧɨɜɚ, ȿ. ȼ. Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɤɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫɨɰɢɚ- ɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ / ȿ. ȼ. Ⱥɧɤɭɞɢɧɨɜɚ. – Ʉɨɦɫɨ- ɦɨɥɶɫɤ-ɧɚ-Ⱥɦɭɪɟ: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ȺɦȽɉȽɍ, 2008 – 76 ɫ. 2. Ƚɨɥɨɜɚɧɨɜɚ, ɇ. Ɏ. ɋɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ / ɇ. Ɏ. Ƚɨɥɨɜɚɧɨ- ɜɚ. – ɋɉɛ.: Ɋɟɱɶ, 2004. – 272 ɫ. 3. əɤɨɜɥɟɜɚ, Ⱥ. ɇ. ɋɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ⱥ. ɇ. əɤɨ- ɜɥɟɜɚ. – ɋɉɛ.: ɋɉɛ. ȽɍɉɆ, 2001. – 99 ɫ.

ɍȾɄ 373.3 Ⱥ. Ƚ. ɑɟɪɧɨɜɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «Ʌɢɰɟɣ ʋ 7», ɝ. ɋɚɹɧɨɝɨɪɫɤ, Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɚ ɏɚɤɚɫɢɹ E-mail: [email protected]

ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨ-ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ

ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ ɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɡɚ- ɞɚɱɭ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɜ ɛɢɨɫɮɟɪɟ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ ɤ ɜɵɜɨɞɭ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɢɡɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ. ɍɱɟɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ ɫ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨ- ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚɦ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɬɶ ɝɥɭɛɨ- ɤɢɦɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɨ ɫɜɹɡɹɯ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɫ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɣ, ɭɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɢ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɬɶ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨ- ɛɥɟɦɵ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɟɣɲɢɦ ɭɦɟɧɢɹɦ ɩɨ ɨɯɪɚɧɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ.

ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨ-ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɦɥɚɞɲɢɟ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɢ.

A. G. Chernova, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «Lyceum ʋ 7», the city of Sayanogorsk, Khakass Republic E-mail: [email protected]

Research activity as a method of systemic-activity approach in the process of formation of ecological culture of primary school children

Tense ecological situation in the world puts before the society the task of pre- serving the conditions of life in the biosphere. Studies lead to the conclusion that the

202 reason for this is the low level of environmental culture of the population. Scientists propose to form ecological culture from the standpoint of the systemic-activity approach. One of the methods of implementing this approach is the research activity, which enables learners to acquire deep knowledge about human connections with en- vironment, to see and understand environmental problems in real life, to learn the simplest skills in nature protection.

Research activity, systemic-activity approach, formation of ecological culture, primary school children.

Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶ- ɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨ- ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶ- ɬɭɪɵ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɨ- ɰɟɫɫɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ. ȼ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨ- ɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ 2 ɤɥɚɫɫɚ, ɟɫɥɢ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ: ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ; ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɨɩɵɬɧɨ-ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧ- ɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ. Ⱦɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ Ʌ. ȼ. Ɇɨɢ- ɫɟɟɜɨɣ «ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶ- ɬɭɪɵ» ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ «ɫɨɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ». Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ, ɱɬɨ 58 % ɞɟɬɟɣ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ (ɫɨɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ ɤ ɫɥɭɱɚɸ ɩɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɯ), 29 % ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ – ɧɢɡɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ (ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɨɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɫ ɜɵɝɨɞɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɛɹ) ɢ 13 % ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ – ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ (ɢɫ- ɤɪɟɧɧɟɟ ɫɨɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ). ȼɵɹɜɢɜ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɢɡɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ, ɛɵɥ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɷɬɚɩ, ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢ- ɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ 10 ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɜ ɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ. ɐɟɥɶ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɷɬɚɩɚ: ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɜɥɢɹ- ɧɢɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɭɪɨɤɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ. ɉɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ: Ʌɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ: ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɤ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɞɨɛɪɨɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ- ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɬɡɵɜɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ. ɉɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ: ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɵ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ.

203 ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ: ɩɨɢɫɤ ɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɵɟ: ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɭɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɭɱɟɛɧɭɸ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ, ɩɪɟɨɛ- ɪɚɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ ɜ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ. Ʉɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ: ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɬɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɰɟɥɢ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɟ «ɀɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ» ɛɵɥɢ ɞɚɧɵ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ: 1. ɇɚɣɬɢ ɜ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɩɥɚɧɭ: Ƚɞɟ ɨɛɢɬɚɟɬ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɟ? Ʉɚɤɨɜ ɟɝɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɣ ɜɢɞ? Ʉɚɤ ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɝɚɟɬ- ɫɹ? ɑɟɦ ɩɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ? Ʉɚɤ ɡɚɳɢɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɜɪɚɝɨɜ? Ʉɚɤ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɟɛɹ ɜɟɫɬɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɦ? 2. ɋɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɝɨ. 3. ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡ ɩɨ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɭ ɢ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɬɜɟɬɚɦ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ. Ʉ ɭɪɨɤɭ «Ɂɧɚɤɨɦɫɬɜɨ ɫɨ ɡɜɟɡɞɚɦɢ» ɞɟɬɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɥɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ- ɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ. Ʉɚɠɞɚɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɟ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭ- ɪɭ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɝɪɭɩɩ, ɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɟ. Ʉ ɫɥɟ- ɞɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɸ ɞɚɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɧɚɣɞɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɹɫɧɨɦ ɧɨɱɧɨɦ ɧɟɛɟ ɫɨɡɜɟɡɞɢɟ «Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɦɟɞɜɟɞɢɰɚ» ɢ ɡɚɪɢɫɭɣ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɭɸ ɬɟɬɪɚɞɶ; ɧɚɣɞɢɬɟ ɜ ɷɧɰɢɤɥɨɩɟɞɢɢ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨ- ɫɵ: «ɉɨɱɟɦɭ «Ȼɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɦɟɞɜɟɞɢɰɭ» ɧɚɡɜɚɥɢ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɬɚɤ? Ʉɚɤ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɷɬɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ? ɇɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ «ȼ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɰɚɪɫɬɜɟ» ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ: ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨ- ɫɬɶɸ, ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɠɢɜɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ: 1 ɝɪɭɩɩɚ – ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɢ; 2 ɝɪɭɩɩɚ – ɝɪɢɛɵ; 3 ɝɪɭɩɩɚ – ɹɞɨɜɢɬɵɟ ɝɪɢɛɵ; 4 ɝɪɭɩɩɚ – ɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ. ɂ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ, ɫɨɫɬɚ- ɜɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɩɥɚɧɭ: 1. Ɇɟɫɬɨɨɛɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ. 2. Ɋɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɢɡ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɥɢɤɚ. 3. Ɉɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɢɯ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɢ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. Ʉ ɭɪɨɤɭ «Ɉɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨ, ɹɞɨɜɢɬɵɟ ɝɪɢɛɵ!» ɞɟɬɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɝɨɜɨ- ɪɢɬɶ ɫ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɦɢ ɢ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɹɞɨɜɢɬɵɯ ɝɪɢɛɚɯ, ɩɪɨɢɡɪɚɫɬɚɸ- ɳɢɯ ɜ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɡɚɧɹ- ɬɢɢ ɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɹɞɨɜɢɬɵɦɢ ɝɪɢɛɚɦɢ. ɇɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɢ «Ʉɚɤ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ ɡɚɳɢɳɚɸɬɫɹ» ɫɬɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɵɣ ɜɨ- ɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɤɚɤ ɡɚɳɢɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ, ɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɟɬ ɧɢ ɡɭɛɨɜ, ɧɟɬ ɛɵɫɬ- ɪɵɯ ɧɨɝ, ɨɫɬɪɵɯ ɤɨɝɬɟɣ? Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɬɜɟɬɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ, ɞɟ- ɬɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ, ɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɶ ɞɜɭɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ «ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɱɟɝɨ ɨɧɢ ɡɚ- ɳɢɳɚɸɬɫɹ?» ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɵɣ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ. ɇɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ «ɀɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ» ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ. Ʉɚɠ- ɞɨɣ ɦɢɤɪɨɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ: 204 1 ɝɪɭɩɩɚ – ɨɤɭɧɶ, ɟɪɲ, ɤɭɡɧɟɱɢɤ, ɤɚɪɚɫɶ; 2 ɝɪɭɩɩɚ – ɦɭɯɚ, ɛɨɠɶɹ ɤɨɪɨɜɤɚ, ɦɟɞɜɟɞɶ, ɠɭɤ; 3 ɝɪɭɩɩɚ – ɬɢɝɪ, ɥɢɫɚ, ɝɭɫɶ, ɜɨɥɤ; 4 ɝɪɭɩɩɚ – ɥɚɫɬɨɱɤɚ, ɤɥɟɫɬ, ɫɭɞɚɤ, ɫɢɧɢɰɚ. Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ: 1. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɬɟ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɤɢ ɢ ɧɚɣɞɢɬɟ ɥɢɲɧɟɟ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɟ. 2. Ʉɚɤ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ ɜɫɟɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ? 3. ɑɬɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ? ɇɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɢ «Ɋɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ» ɞɟɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ, ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɢɧɢ-ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɭ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ: «ɀɢɥ-ɛɵɥ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤ. Ɋɟɲɢɥ ɨɧ ɧɚɪɢɫɨɜɚɬɶ ɥɟɫ. «Ⱥ ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɥɟɫ? Ʌɟɫ-ɷɬɨ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɹ?». ȼɡɹɥ ɨɧ ɤɢɫɬɢ ɢ ɤɪɚɫɤɢ ɢ ɧɚɪɢɫɨɜɚɥ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ. ɉɨɥɸɛɨ- ɜɚɥɫɹ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɨɣ ɢ ɭɟɯɚɥ. Ⱥ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɢɟɯɚɥ, ɬɨ ɭɜɢɞɟɥ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɟ ɜɦɟ- ɫɬɨ ɡɟɥɺɧɵɯ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ ɨɞɧɢ ɥɢɲɶ ɫɭɯɢɟ ɫɬɜɨɥɵ». ɑɬɨ ɫɥɭɱɢɥɨɫɶ? ɉɨɱɟɦɭ ɡɚɫɨɯ ɥɟɫ? Ɋɚɡɜɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɥɟɫ ɢɡ ɨɞɧɢɯ ɞɟɪɟɜɶɟɜ? Ⱦɚɜɚɣɬɟ ɩɨɦɨɠɟɦ ɯɭ- ɞɨɠɧɢɤɭ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɢɬɶ ɨɲɢɛɤɭ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɟ. (Ʉɚɠɞɚɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬ ɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɟɬ, ɬɨ ɱɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɯɜɚɬɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɟ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɤɭɫɬɵ, ɬɪɚɜɭ, ɰɜɟɬɵ, ɝɪɢɛɵ, ɧɚɫɟɤɨɦɵɯ, ɩɬɢɰ, ɡɜɟɪɟɣ). Ɂɚɳɢɬɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɛɟɫɟɞɵ: ɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɥɟɫ? ɉɨɱɟɦɭ ɥɟɫ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɟ ɪɚɡɧɵɣ? ɉɨɱɟɦɭ ɥɟɫ ɧɟ ɦɨ- ɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɛɟɡ ɰɜɟɬɨɜ? Ȼɟɡ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ? Ʉ ɭɪɨɤɭ: «ɀɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɣ ɤɧɢɝɢ ɏɚɤɚɫɫɢɢ» ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɦɢɧɢ- ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ: ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɬɜɟɬɶɬɟ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ: Ɂɚɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɥɢ ɜ Ʉɪɚɫɧɭɸ ɤɧɢɝɭ ɏɚɤɚɫɢɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ? Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ. ɉɥɚɧ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ: 1. ɍɝɚɞɚɬɶ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɟ. 2. ɋɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɡ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ. 3. ȼɵɹɫɧɢɬɶ, ɧɟ ɡɚɧɟɫɟɧɨ ɥɢ ɜ Ʉɪɚɫɧɭɸ ɤɧɢɝɭ. ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨ- ɝɨ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ ɜ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɭ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫ- ɫɚ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɪɟɞ- ɧɟɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɩɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ Ʌ. ȼ. Ɇɨɢɫɟɟɜɨɣ ɜɨɡɪɨɫɥɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ 12 ɢ 21 %, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɢɡɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɥɫɹ ɧɚ 20 %. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɩɵɬɧɨ-ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɦɨɠ- ɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨ-ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɨɦ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɟ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶ- ɬɭɪɵ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ɇɨɢɫɟɟɜɚ, Ʌ. ȼ. ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ʌ. ȼ. Ɇɨɢɫɟɟɜɚ. – Ɇ.: Ɇɢɪ, 2005. – 267 ɫ. 2. ɋɟɦɺɧɨɜɚ, ɇ. Ⱥ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɇ. Ⱥ. ɋɟɦɺɧɨɜɚ // ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ. 2007. – ʋ 2. – ɋ. 23–26.

205

Ɋɚɡɞɟɥ 4. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ

Section 4. Modern practices of teacher’s professional development

ɍȾɄ 373.3 Ɇ. Ⱥ. Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟɟɜɚ, ȿ. ɇ. Ƚɟɧɪɢɯ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 36», Ⱥɧɠɟɪɨ-ɋɭɞɠɟɧɫɤɢɣ ȽɈ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

ɂɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ – ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɎȽɈɋ ɇɈɈ

ɋɬɚɬɶɹ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɢ ɪɟɚ- ɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɚ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɤɚɤ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ.

Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬ, ɪɚɡ- ɜɢɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ.

M. A. Alekseeva, E. N. Genrikh, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «Secondary school ʋ 36», the city of Anzhero-Sudzhensk, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Individual educational route of primary school children as the basis for the implementation of Federal Standard for Primary General Education

The article is devoted to the description of the teacher’s activity on the development and implementation of the individual educational route of the primary school children as one of the components of personality-oriented developmental education.

Technologies of training and education, educational route, developing education. 206 Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɜ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ, ɫ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɬɟɦɩɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ. ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɵ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɡɚɞɚɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ – ɤɚɤ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɥɸɞɶɦɢ ɞɭɦɚɸɳɢɦɢ, ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɥɢ ɫɜɨɣ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ, ɦɨɝɥɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɨɛɞɭɦɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɭɬɢ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɚ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɧ- ɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨ- ɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ. ə ɩɪɢɲɥɚ ɤ ɜɵɜɨɞɭ, ɱɬɨ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭ ɬɟɯɧɨ- ɥɨɝɢɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɨɜ (ɂɈɆ) ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɫɤɚ- ɠɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɢɯ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɧɢɤɨɜ. ɂɈɆ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɚ- ɰɢɢ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɤ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ, ɤɚɤ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚ- ɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ, ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨ- ɫɹ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ. Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹ- ɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ).

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ

ʋ ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ 1. Ƚɭɦɚɧɧɨ-ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬ- ɫɨɡɞɚɸ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɫɢɬɭɚ- Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡ- ɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ. ɰɢɸ ɭɫɩɟɯɚ, ɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ ɫɚ- (Ⱥɜɬɨɪ: ɩɨɨɳɪɹɸ ɥɸɛɭɸ ɬɜɨɪɱɟ- ɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɛɨ- ɒ. Ⱥ. Ⱥɦɨɧɚɲɜɢ- ɫɤɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɪɚ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɨ- ɥɢ) ɢɡɛɟɝɚɸ ɚɜɬɨɪɢɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɭɱɢɬɟ- ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ, ɥɟɦ, ɤɚɤ ɫ ɩɚɪɬɧɺɪɨɦ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸ ɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɥɚɫɶ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦɭ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɫɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨ- ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɜɢɞ, ɮɨɪɦɭ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɞɢɬ ɤ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɟ- ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɫɩɨ- ɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ 2. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɭɪɨɜ- ɩɨɛɭɠɞɚɸ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɪɟɛɺɧ- ɍɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɪ- ɧɟɜɨɣ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧ- ɤɚ ɤ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ- ɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɰɢɚɰɢɢ. (Ⱥɜɬɨɪ: ɫɬɢ, ɭɱɟɬɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ȼ. ȼ. Ɏɢɪɫɨɜ) ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɥɢɱɧɨ- ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɬɢ; ɜɨɡɪɨɫɥɚ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɳɟɦɭɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɚ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ 207 ʋ ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ 3. ɉɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨ- ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ, Ɇɥɚɞɲɢɟ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɢ ɥɨɝɢɢ (Ⱥɜɬɨɪ: ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɟɝɨ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɝɨɬɨɜ- Ⱦɠɨɧ Ⱦɶɸɢ) ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ; ɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɟɦɩ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɸ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɦɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ, ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɢɧ- ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ; ɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɩɨ- ɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɦ ɞɢɫ- ɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ 4. ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ- – ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸ ɂɄɌ ɞɥɹ ɢɥɥɸ- ɉɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɷɮɮɟɤ- ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ. ɤɚɤ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɦɚ- ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ; (Ⱥɜɬɨɪ: ɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭ- ɭɝɥɭɛɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɠ- Ɇ. Ɍ. ɋɬɭɞɟɧɢɤɢɧ) ɬɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ. ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɛɨ- ɬɚɬɶ ɫ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ, ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱ- ɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɢ, ɭɱɚɳɢɟ- ɫɹ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɸɬ ɧɚɜɵ- ɤɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ 5. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɪɚɛɨ- ɩɨɨɳɪɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜ- ȼɨɡɪɨɫɥɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɬɵ ɫ ɩɨɪɬɮɨɥɢɨ ɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ; ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ (Ⱥɜɬɨɪ: ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ, ɪɚɫɲɢ- ȼ. Ⱦ. ɒɚɞɪɢɤɨɜ) ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ; ɪɢɥɢɫɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɪɟɮɥɟɤ- ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɨɛɭ- ɫɢɜɧɨɣ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹ- ɱɟɧɢɹ; ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ; ɢɧɞɢɜɢ- ɞɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɩɪɨ- ɰɟɫɫ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨ- ɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ

Ɉɠɢɞɚɟɦɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ: ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɪɬɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ; ɪɨɫɬ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɭ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ; ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɣ; ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ – ɩɨɛɟɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɨɜ;

208 ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɣɬɢɧɝɚ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ; ɪɨɫɬ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɬ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ. Ⱥɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ: 1 ɷɬɚɩ: Ⱦɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ (ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ, ɬɟɫɬɵ, ɫɪɟɡɵ) ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɩɨɞɛɢɪɚɟɬ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟ- ɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɥɭ- ɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɞɚɬɶ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢ- ɫɬɢɤɭ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɭ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɵ ɢ ɬɟɦɩɵ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɬ. ɞ. ɇɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɤɨ- ɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɨɜ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ. 2 ɷɬɚɩ: Ⱥɩɪɨɛɚɰɢɹ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ- ɧɢɹ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɨɧɵ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚ- ɧɢɟ «ɝɪɭɩɩ». ȼ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɟɫɬɶ ɞɟɬɢ, ɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ, ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ, ɫɩɨ- ɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɡɧɚɧɢɣ. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɛɴ- ɟɞɢɧɹɬɶ ɢɯ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ, ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢ- ɪɭɹ, ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ. ɋɥɟ- ɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɜɚɪɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɚɯ. ȼ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ, ɝɞɟ ɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ 2 ɜɚɪɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɚ. ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɫ ɨɩɟɪɟɠɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɬɟɦɩɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɦɨɬɢɜɚ- ɰɢɢ. «ɉɭɬɶ ɤ ɭɫɩɟɯɭ!». Ⱦɥɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶ- ɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɭɸ ɢ ɩɪɨ- ɟɤɬɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. ɗɬɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟ- ɪɟɫɧɵɦ, ɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɬɶ ɤɪɭɝɨɡɨɪ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ, ɚ ɫɚɦɨɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ – ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ, ɭɱɟɛɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ «ɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ» ɮɨɪ- ɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɭ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ. Ɍɚɤ ɠɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɤ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɚɦ, ɨɥɢɦɩɢɚɞɚɦ. ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɫ ɧɢɡɤɢɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ. «ɉɭɬɶ ɤ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦ». Ⱦɥɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɫ ɧɢɡɤɢɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ- ɫɬɹɦɢ ɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɸ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɢ ɜɧɟɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɢɮɮɟ- ɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨ-ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɗɬɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɶ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ (ɍɍȾ). 3 ɷɬɚɩ: Ɂɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɨɛɨɛɳɚɸɳɢɣ. Ɏɢɤɫɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ. ȼɟ- ɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɪɬɮɨɥɢɨ. 209 Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɪɲɪɭ- ɬɨɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨ- ɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɤɚɪɬ ɢ ɬɚɛɥɢɰ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ; ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɢ; ɪɟɣɬɢɧɝɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ; ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɲɤɚɥ; ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɪɬɮɨɥɢɨ. ɉɨɪɬɮɨɥɢɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɫ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɨɦ «ɉɭɬɶ ɤ ɭɫɩɟɯɭ!» ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɵ- ɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞ- ɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ. ɍɱɚɳɢɣɫɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ- ɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɹɯ, ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɚɯ, ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦ, ɢɦɟɟɬ ɤɨɦ- ɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ, ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ, ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɣ, ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɢɤɭ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɭ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɩɪɨɣɬɢ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɶ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ, ɱɬɨ- ɛɵ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɤɨɪɤɚ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦ, ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɬɶ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɨ-ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɦ ɧɟ ɩɨɝɚɫɥɚ. ɉɨɪɬɮɨɥɢɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɫ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɨɦ «ɉɭɬɶ ɤ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦ» ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɬɶ ɭɱɟɛɧɭɸ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ, ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɍɍȾ, ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ- ɜɨɥɟɜɭɸ ɫɮɟɪɭ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ə-ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɸ. Ⱦɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚ- ɧɢɹ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ: ɮɪɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ, ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɟ, ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ, ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ. ɉɨɞɛɢɪɚɸ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɜɨɡ- ɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ. ȼɟɞɭɳɢɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟ- ɧɢɹ, ɪɚɡɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɢɫɤ, ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɫɬɪɨɸ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɛɭɱɟ- ɧɢɹ ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤ ɛɵɥ ɪɚɜɧɨɩɪɚɜɧɵɦ ɟɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɦ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ, ɮɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɞɛɢɪɚɸ ɩɨ ɜɚɪɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɚɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɛɢɪɚɸ ɪɚɡɧɨɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɵɟ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜ ɟɟ ɯɨɞɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣ- ɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɬ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɭ ɡɚɜɢɫɟɥ ɭɫɩɟɯ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɚ. ȼ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɟ ɫ ɞɟɬɶɦɢ ɫɬɚɪɚ- ɸɫɶ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɬɶ ɥɭɱɲɢɟ ɱɟɪɬɵ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɟɝɨ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢ ɨɩɢɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɵ. Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɩɨ- ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɨɬɢɜɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬ ɜɥɢɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨɛ ɷɮɮɟɤ- ɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɨɜ. – ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ (2015–2016 ɭɱ. ɝɨɞ – 65 %, 2016–2017 ɭɱ. ɝɨɞ – 67 %, 2017–2018 ɭɱ. ɝɨɞ – 72 %); – ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ; – ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ- ɧɨɫɬɢ;

210 – ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ – ɩɨɛɟɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɨɜ ɢ ɨɥɢɦ- ɩɢɚɞ (2015–2016 ɭɱ. ɝɨɞ – 7 ɩɨɛɟɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɨɥɢɦɩɢɚɞ ɢ 1 ɩɨɛɟɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɇɉɄ, 2016–2017 ɭɱ. ɝɨɞ – 9 ɩɨɛɟɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɨɥɢɦɩɢɚɞ ɢ 3 ɩɨɛɟɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɇɉɄ, 2017–2018 ɭɱ. ɝɨɞ – 10 ɩɨɛɟɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɨɥɢɦɩɢɚɞ, 4 ɩɨɛɟɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɇɉɄ). Ʌɸɛɨɣ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ, ɤɚɤɨɣ ɛɵ ɨɧ ɧɟ ɛɵɥ, ɨɞɚɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɬ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟɧ ɧɚɣɬɢ, ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɨɬ- ɧɨɫɹɳɟɣɫɹ ɤ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɸ. ɋɱɢɬɚɸ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚ- ɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɨɜ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ – ɷɬɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɟɺ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɜɵɛɨɪɭ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɰɟɥɢ ɢ ɫɦɵɫɥɚ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

ɍȾɄ 373 ȿ. ɇ. Ȼɟɥɨɜɚ, ȿ. ȼ. ɒɬɪɚɮɦɟɬɨɜɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «Ʌɢɰɟɣ ʋ 22 ɝɨɪɨɞɚ Ȼɟɥɨɜɨ», Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚɦɢ – ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ

ɇɨɜɵɟ ɜɡɝɥɹɞɵ ɧɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɟɟɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɚɞɚ ɢ ɲɤɨɥɵ. ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜ- ɥɟɧ ɨɩɵɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɣ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɪ- ɜɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɨɜ ɤ ɲɤɨɥɟ, ɤɚɤ ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶ- ɬɚɬɨɜ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ.

ɉɪɟɟɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɲɤɨɥɟ, ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɹ, ɮɨɪɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. E. N. Belova, E. V. Shtrafmetova, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «Belovo Lyceum ʋ 22», the city of Belovo, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

Organization of the work of an educational institution with preschoolers as one of the conditions for achieving expected results by primary school children

New views on the education and development of children require a new approach to the continuity of preschool and primary school. The article presents the

211 experience of the educational institution in the successful adaptation of first-graders to school as one of the conditions for achieving the expected results by primary school children.

Continuity, readiness for school, adaptation, forms of work.

ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɩɟɪɟɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ (ɎȽɈɋ). ȼɚɠɧɨ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧ- ɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ «ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɸɸ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɸ» – ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɭɸ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɲɤɨɥɟ (ɫɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ, ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɧɨɜɨɟ, ɨɩɢɪɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɭɠɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ). ɇɨɜɵɟ ɜɡɝɥɹɞɵ ɧɚ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ, ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɨ ɎȽɈɋ, ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɟɟɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɚɞɚ ɢ ɲɤɨɥɵ [2]. ɇɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚɦɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɩɟɪɟɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɣ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɪɜɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɨɜ ɤ ɲɤɨɥɟ. ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɟ- ɪɟɩɥɟɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟɦ «ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɤ ɲɤɨɥɟ», ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚ- ɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɬɪɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ: ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ, ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ, ɢ ɫɨ- ɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ, ɢɥɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɭɸ [3]. Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɥɢɰɟɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟ- ɱɟɧɢɹ ɥɟɝɤɨɣ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ, ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɤ ɧɨɜɨɦɭ ɷɬɚɩɭ ɠɢɡɧɢ. ɇɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɜ ɆȻɈɍ ɥɢɰɟɟ ʋ 22 ɝɨɪɨɞɚ Ȼɟɥɨɜɨ ɭɠɟ ɫɥɨɠɢɥɢɫɶ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɨɲɤɨɥɶ- ɧɵɦɢ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɣ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɢ- ɤɨɜ ɤ ɧɨɜɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɟɝɨ ɠɢɡɧɢ. ȼ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ, ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭ- ɸɳɟɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɥɚɧɨɦɟɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ, ɤɨ- ɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɨɫɟɥɤɚ, ɡɧɚɤɨɦɫɬɜɨ ɫ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɧɚɛɢɪɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɤɥɚɫɫ, ɡɧɚɤɨɦ- ɫɬɜɨ ɫɨ ɲɤɨɥɨɣ, ɟɺ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ. Ɉɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ – ɷɬɨ ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɞɟɦɨɜɟɪɫɢɣ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ «Ɋɨɛɨɬɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ», «Ɂɚɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɩɵɬɵ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɵ», «Ʌɨɝɨɩɟɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɡɦɢɧɤɢ». Ɂɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɷɬɚɩɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ Ⱦɟɧɶ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɞɜɟɪɟɣ. Ⱦɟɧɶ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɞɜɟɪɟɣ – ɷɬɨ ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ ɩɟɪɜɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢ- ɤɨɜ, ɫ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɬɚɪɲɟɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɷɤɫ- ɤɭɪɫɢɹ ɩɨ ɥɢɰɟɸ, ɛɟɫɟɞɚ, ɨɬɜɟɬɵ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ. ɇɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚɦɢ, ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢ ɥɢɰɟɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɪɚɡ- ɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɫɟɳɚɬɶ ɞɟɬɢ, ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɣɬɢ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɥɢɰɟɣ. Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ, ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɪɟ- ɱɢ, ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɯɨɪɟɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɢɝɪɨɜɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 30 ɦɢɧɭɬ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɦ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦ ɩɨɡɧɚ-

212 ɤɨɦɢɬɶɫɹ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ, ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɧɨɜɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ, ɭɡɧɚɬɶ ɩɟ- ɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ ɥɢɰɟɹ, ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ- ɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɦ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɜ 1 ɤɥɚɫɫɟ. Ɉɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ «ɒɤɨɥɚ ɪɨ- ɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ», ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɥɢɰɟɟ, ɡɧɚɤɨɦɫɬɜɨ ɫ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜ- ɧɵɦɢ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ, ɨɫɜɟɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɤ ɲɤɨɥɟ. ȼ ɬɟɱɟ- ɧɢɟ ɝɨɞɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɠɟɥɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɨ ɝɪɭɩ- ɩɚɦ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ 6–7 ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɟɬɶɦɢ ɨɫɜɚɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚ- ɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɩɪɨɩɟɞɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟ- ɬɚɦ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ: «ɉɨ ɞɨɪɨɝɟ ɤ Ⱥɡɛɭɤɟ», «Ɋɚɡ – ɫɬɭɩɟɧɶɤɚ, ɞɜɚ – ɫɬɭɩɟɧɶɤɚ», «Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ», «Ɂɚɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɩɵɬɵ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɵ», «ȼɟɫɟɥɵɣ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ», «ȼɨɥɲɟɛɧɵɣ ɹɡɵɱɨɤ (ɥɨɝɨɩɟɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ)». ȼɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɟɪɜɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɚɦ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɩɪɨɣɬɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɚɞɚɩ- ɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚɦɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɩɨɥɭɝɨ- ɞɢɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ Ⱥɫɦɨɥɨɜɚ Ⱥ. Ƚ. «Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ», ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɪ- ɜɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɚ [1]. Ʌɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ – ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬ- ɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɲɤɨɥɟ, ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɤ ɧɨɜɨɦɭ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɭ 65 % ɩɟɪɜɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɨɜ. Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ – ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɭ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɚ- ɜɢɥɭ, ɭɦɟɬɶ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɰɟɥɶ, ɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɨɲɢɛɤɭ ɢ ɢɫ- ɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɟɟ, ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɨɝɨ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɨɜ – ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɭ 50 % ɩɟɪɜɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɨɜ. ɉɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɭ 78 % ɩɟɪɜɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɨɜ. Ʉɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚ- ɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ – ɭɱɟɬ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɫɨɛɟɫɟɞɧɢɤɚ, ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ, ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɹ ɞɪɭɠɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ, ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɫɨɜ- ɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɭ 60 % ɩɟɪɜɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɨɜ. ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ-ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɚ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɪɟɜɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ: ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ – ɭ 24 % ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ, ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ – ɭ 35 % ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ, ɧɢɡɤɢɣ – ɭ 41 % ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ. Ⱥɧɤɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɟɰ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɝɨɞɢɹ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ- ɤɚɡɚɥɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɩɨɫɟɳɚɸɬ ɲɤɨɥɭ. ȼɫɟ ɞɟɬɢ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ.

213 Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ⱥɫɦɨɥɨɜ, Ⱥ. Ƚ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ. Ɉɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɤ ɦɵɫɥɢ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ / Ⱥ. Ƚ. Ⱥɫɦɨɥɨɜ. – 2-ɟ ɢɡɞ. – Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 2010. – 152 ɫ. 2. Ɇɨɞɟɫɬɨɜɚ, Ɍ. ȼ. ɋɤɨɪɨ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɭ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɩɨ ɜɵ- ɛɨɪɭ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ / Ɍ. ȼ. Ɇɨɞɟɫɬɨɜɚ. – Ɇ.: ȼɢɬɚ- ɉɪɟɫɫ, 2014. – 80 ɫ. 3. Ɍɚɥɵɡɢɧɚ, ɇ. Ɏ. ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞ. ɫɪɟɞ. ɩɟɞ. ɭɱɟɛ. ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ / ɇ. Ɏ. Ɍɚɥɵɡɢɧɚ. – Ɇ.: Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ, 1998. – 288 ɫ.

ɍȾɄ 376.545 Ƚ. Ⱥ. Ȼɭɫɵɝɢɧɚ, ɇ. ɂ. Ʌɭɡɹɧɢɧɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɒɤɨɥɚ ʋ 35», ɉɨɥɵɫɚɟɜɫɤɢɣ ȽɈ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɨɞɚɪɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɟɬɶɦɢ

ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɨɩɵɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɨɞɚɪɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ.

Ɉɞɚɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨ-ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ, ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ.

G. A. Busygina, N. I. Luzyanina, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «Secondary School ʋ 35», Polysayevo urban district, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Arranging individual homework with gifted children

The article presents and experience in working with gifted children through a system of individual homework.

Giftedness, systemic and activity learning, individual approach.

Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ (ɎȽɈɋ) – ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ, ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɢ ɫɟɦɶɟɣ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨ- ɪɨɦ ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɢɡ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ:

214 1. Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɠɢɬɶ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ. 2. ɉɪɟɞɩɪɢɢɦɱɢɜɭɸ ɢ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɭɸɳɭɸɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɦɢɪɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɝɨɬɨɜɭɸ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɧɟɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɧɢɯ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɜ ɧɟɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ. 3. ɑɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɤ ɫɚɦɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟ- ɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ. Ɂɚɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɷɬɢɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧ ɎȽɈɋ. ɑɬɨ ɠɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɫ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ? Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ: ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨ-ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ, ɰɟɥɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɢɨɛ- ɪɟɫɬɢ ɨɩɵɬ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ. Ɏɨɪɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ: ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ. ɋɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ: ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɢ ɂɧ- ɬɟɪɧɟɬ – ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ. ɋ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɸ: 1. ɋɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɥɭɱɲɚɬɶ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢ- ɱɟɫɤɢ ɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɧɭɸ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ. 2. ɉɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɤɪɟɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ. 3. ɋɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ «ɜɢɞɟɬɶ» ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ- ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧ- ɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɝɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɢ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ [2]. ɗɬɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɨɬ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ: ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶ- ɤɨ ɤ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɭɪɨɤɭ, ɧɨ ɢ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɮɨɪɦɚɦ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ȼɫɟ ɞɟɬɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ. ɍɱɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ – ɢɫɬɢɧɚ ɢɡ- ɜɟɫɬɧɚɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɭ. Ʉɚɤ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɺ ɜ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ? ɉɨɞɟɥɢɦɫɹ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɨɩɵɬɨɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɨɞɚɪɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɟɬɶɦɢ. Ɉɞɚɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ – ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɵɦɢ, ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɜɵɞɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ (ɢɥɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɵɥɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ) ɜ ɬɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ [1, ɫ. 67]. ȼ ɨɛɵɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɨɞɚɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ – ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦ ɬɚɥɚɧɬɥɢɜɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɠɟ ɩɨɞ ɧɟɣ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨ- ɬɨɪɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɞ- ɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɨɱɟɬɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɫ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɦ ɤ ɧɢɦ. Ɉɞɚɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ɗɬɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. ɇɨ ɜ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɞɟɬɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɭɬɪɚɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɟɠɟɞɧɟɜ- 215 ɧɵɦ ɤɪɨɩɨɬɥɢɜɵɦ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɦ, ɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɨɞɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɝɨ ɡɚ- ɞɚɧɢɹ. ɂɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɟɧ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɨɯɜɚɬ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɞɟɬɶɦɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨ ɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɨ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ. ɑɚɫɬɨ ɩɪɨ ɨɞɚɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɝɨɜɨɪɹɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɟɫɬɶ «ɂɫɤɪɚ Ȼɨɠɶɹ», ɧɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɡ ɷɬɨɣ ɢɫɤɪɵ ɪɚɡɝɨɪɟɥɨɫɶ ɩɥɚɦɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɪɨɩɨɬɥɢɜɚɹ ɟɠɟ- ɞɧɟɜɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɞɚɪɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɚɹ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ. ȿɝɨ ɦɨɡɝ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɜ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɭɩɨɪ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɪɟɛɹɬɚ- ɦɢ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɞɟ- ɥɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɷɬɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɧɟɨɛɵɱɚɣɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɚ. ɉɟɪɟɨɫɦɵɫɥɢɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɨɞɚɪɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɟɬɶɦɢ ɜ ɫɜɟɬɟ ɬɪɟɛɨ- ɜɚɧɢɣ ɎȽɈɋ ɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ, ɦɵ ɜɧɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɧɟɺ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ, ɞɨɛɚɜɢɜ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɜ «Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚ- ɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɨɞɚɪɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɟɬɶɦɢ». ɐɟɥɶ: ɫɚɦɨɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɨɞɚɪࣉɧɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɢɯ ɫɩɨ- ɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ: 1. ɋɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɞɚɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɢɯ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. 2. ɋɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɞɚɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɱɟ- ɪɟɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ. 3. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ. 4. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɜ ɪɚɡ- ɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɟɟ ɜɢɞɚɯ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵ ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ, ɜ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ, ɧɚ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɟ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɨɞɚɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɨɦ ɢɞɟɬ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɫ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨ- ɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ «Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ». ȼ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɬɶ «Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɝɨɥɨɤ». ȼ ɧɟɦ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɫɹ: ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭ- ɦɟɧɬɵ ɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ, ɝɚɡɟɬɵ, ɤɚɪɬɨɱɤɢ. Ȼɭɞɟɬ ɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢ- ɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ. ɇɚ ɜɢɞɧɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɚɩɤɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɡɚɩɢɫɵ- ɜɚɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɦ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱ- ɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. Ⱦɪɭɝɭɸ ɩɚɩɤɭ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ «Ɂɧɚɟɬɟ ɥɢ ɜɵ?» ȼ ɧɟɣ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɨɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ 216 ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɭɡɧɚɸɬ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɹ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɫɥɨ- ɜɚɪɹɦɢ ɢ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ, ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɨɦ. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɬɟɦɟ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɩɥɚɧɭ. Ɉɧ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɭɧɤɬɵ: 1. ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ. ɗɬɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɚɪɬɨɱɤɢ, ɪɟɛɭɫɵ, ɤɪɨɫɫɜɨɪɞɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ. 2. Ɍɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɦ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ. – ɉɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɶɫɹ ɫ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɝɚɡɟɬɨɣ «ɒɢɲɤɢɧ ɥɟɫ» ɢ ɜɵɛɟɪɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɟɛɭɫɨɜ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɟ «ɋɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɭɡɧɚɱɧɵɯ ɱɢɫɟɥ». ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɢɯ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɢ ɭɫɬɧɵɣ ɫɱɟɬ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɢɡ ɭɪɨɤɨɜ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ. – ɇɚɣɞɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɟ ɝɚɡɟɬɵ «ɉɨɥɵɫɚɟɜɨ» ɡɚ ɹɧɜɚɪɶ ɢ ɮɟɜɪɚɥɶ 2015 ɢ 2017 ɝɨɞɨɜ. ȼɵɛɟɪɢ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɛ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɢ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɜ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɝɨɪɨɞɟ. ɋɪɚɜɧɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɥɟɬ. – ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɣ ɝɚɡɟɬɵ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɲɚɯɬ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ. Ɋɚɡɦɟɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɜ «Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɭɝɨɥɤɟ». 3. ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɫɹɬ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɨɬ ɭɱɚɳɢɯ- ɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ: – ɉɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɶɫɹ ɫ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɪɭɫɫɤɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɭɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɩɪɨɛɭɣ ɷɬɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ. – ɂɡɭɱɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɤɚɤ ɥɸɞɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɢ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ. ȼɵ- ɩɭɫɬɢ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɮɢɥɶɦ. – ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɶ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɪɟɛɹɬɚɦ, ɤɚɤ ɰɟɥɨɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɢ. 4. Ɉɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɥɶɛɨɦɚ. Ɉɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɥɶɛɨɦɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɸɳɢɦ ɷɬɚ- ɩɨɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɟ. ɇɚ ɤɚɠɞɭɸ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɭɸ ɬɟɦɭ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɭɫɦɨɬ- ɪɟɧɢɸ ɨɬɜɨɞɢɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɟ ɫɜɟɞɟ- ɧɢɹ, ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɢ ɪɟɛɭɫɵ, ɢ ɤɪɨɫɫɜɨɪɞɵ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɦ ɫɚɦɢɦ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜ ɚɥɶɛɨɦɟ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ. ɂɬɨɝɨɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɜɵɩɭɫɤ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɚ. Ɉɧ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ. Ɋɹɞɨɦ ɫ ɤɚɠɞɵɦ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɮɚ- ɦɢɥɢɹ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ-ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ. ȼ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɟ ɫɛɨɪɧɢɤɚ ɩɪɢɦɭɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɨɞɚɪɟɧ- ɧɵɟ ɞɟɬɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ. ɉɨ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɩɨ ɥɸɛɨɦɭ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɭ. Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ: 1. Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ – ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɸ, ɫɚɦɨɨɛɪɚ- ɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɸ. 217 2. Ʉɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ – ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɥɸɞɶɦɢ ɧɟɪɟɱɟɜɵɦ ɢ ɪɟɱɟɜɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ, ɭɫɬɧɨ ɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨ, ɬ.ɟ. ɫɩɨɫɨɛ- ɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɢ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɧɹɬɵɦ. 3. ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ – ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ, ɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɟɟ ɜɢɞɚɯ. 4. ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ – ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɫɨɰɢ- ɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɨɥɢ. 5. Ɍɨɥɟɪɚɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ – ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɢ ɭɜɚɠɚɬɶ ɱɭɠɭɸ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɦɟɬɶ ɨɬɫɬɚɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ, ɬ. ɟ. ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ɂɚɝɜɹɡɢɧɫɤɢɣ, ȼ. ɂ. ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɭɱɟɛ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞ. ɜɵɫɲ. ɭɱ. ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ / ȼ. ɂ. Ɂɚɝɜɹɡɢɧɫɤɢɣ, Ⱥ. Ɏ. Ɂɚɤɢɪɨɜɚ, Ɍ. Ⱥ. ɋɬɪɨɤɨɜɚ ɢ ɞɪ.; ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. ȼ. ɂ. Ɂɚɝɜɹɡɢɧɫɤɨɝɨ, Ⱥ.Ɏ. Ɂɚɤɢɪɨɜɨɣ. – Ɇ.: ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɫɢɤɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ «Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ», 2008. – 352 ɫ. 2. Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ] / Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɭɤɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ. – Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: http://mon.gov.ru, 24 ɢɸɥɹ 19:28:16 – Ɂɚɝɥɚɜɢɟ ɫ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ. – əɡ. Ɋɭɫ. 3. ɒɤɨɥɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɤ ɥɭɱɲɟɦɭ [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ] / ə. Ⱥ. Ʉɨɦɟɧɫɤɢɣ. – Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: http://azbyka.ru, 12 ɚɜɝɭɫɬɚ 15:25:16. – Ɂɚɝɥɚɜɢɟ ɫ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ. – əɡ. Ɋɭɫ.

ɍȾɄ 373 Ʌ. ȼ. ȼɚɫɟɧɶɤɢɧɚ, Ⱥ. Ⱥ. Ⱦɚɜɵɞɟɧɤɨ, ɋ. ȼ. Ʉɨɥɟɫɨɜɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 11», Ʉɢɫɟɥɺɜɫɤɢɣ ȽɈ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. Ʉɭɡɛɚɫɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɝ. Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɨ; Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 11», Ʉɢɫɟɥɺɜɫɤɢɣ ȽɈ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]

Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ

Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟ- ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɪɭ- ɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ. ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɩɪɢɦɟ- ɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. 218 Ɉɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ, ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɮɟɞɟ- ɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ, ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ, ɜɧɭɬɪɢɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ.

L. V. Vasenkina, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «General Education School ʋ 11», Kiselevsk urban district, Kemerovo Region A. A. Davydenko, Kuzbass Regional Institute for Professional Development and Retraining of Education Workers, Kemerovo; S. V. Kolesova, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «General Education School ʋ 11», Kiselevsk urban district, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]

Organizational aspects of assessing the learners’ educational results at all levels of general education

The paper considers the organizational aspects of assessing the educational results of learners and shows the content of the activities of the deputy head teachers for the organization of intraschool control. The author discusses assessment pattern for the evaluation of educational results and presents practical experience in using assessment tools and procedures for assessing the quality of education.

General education institution, quality of education, Federal Educational Standard, assessment of the quality of education, intraschool control.

ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟ- ɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɧɚ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ: – Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ «Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɨɛ- ɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ» (ɭɬɜ. ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɉɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ʋ 1642 ɨɬ 26 ɞɟɤɚɛɪɹ 2017 ɝ.); – Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ «Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɢ- ɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ʉɭɡɛɚɫɫɚ» ɧɚ 2014–2025 ɝɨɞɵ» (ɭɬɜ. ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ Ʉɨɥɥɟɝɢɢ Ⱥɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɬ 04.09.2013 ʋ 367); – ɉɥɚɧ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ «ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɚɯ ɫ ɧɢɡɤɢɦɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɲɤɨɥɚɯ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨ- ɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ» (2018–2020 ɝɝ.) (ɭɬɜ. ɉɪɢɤɚɡɨɦ Ⱦɟɩɚɪɬɚ- ɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɭɤɢ Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ʋ 2434 ɨɬ 29.12.2017). ȼ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɎȽɈɋ ɇɈɈ, ɎȽɈɋ ɈɈɈ ɂ ɎȽɈɋ ɋɈɈ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ-

219 ɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɫɜɨ- ɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɩɨɞ- ɯɨɞ ɤ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɜɟɫɬɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟ- ɧɢɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɬɪɺɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ: ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ, ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ. ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɹɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ [5; 6]. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɸ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚ- ɬɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶ- ɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ. ȼɚɠɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ. ɗɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨ- ɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨɦ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ, ɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ. Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɢ ɞɜɢɠɟ- ɧɢɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫ ɭɱɺɬɨɦ ɡɨɧɵ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɭɱɟɛɧɭɸ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ. Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɦ ɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɥɨɤ «Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚ- ɬɨɜ», ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ «Ɉɰɟɧɤɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ, ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ» ɢ «Ɉɰɟɧɤɭ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɚɞɪɨɜ» (Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ). «Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ- ɧɵɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ» ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ, ɦɟ- ɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ.

Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ

Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɚɞɪɨɜ

Ʌɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ Ɇɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ- ɉɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɟ Ⱥɬɬɟɫɬɚɰɢɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ Ⱥɤɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɰɢɹ ȼɧɟɲɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɉɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɋɬɚɪɬɨɜɵɟ Ɇɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɨɜɵɟ ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝɢ, ɚɬɬɟɫɬɚɰɢɹ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɚɦɢ ɂɬɨɝɨɜɚɹ

ɂɬɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɚɬɬɟɫɬɚɰɢɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬ

Ɋɢɫ. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ 220 Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɬɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɪɨɰɟ- ɞɭɪɵ ɫɬɚɪɬɨɜɵɯ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤ, ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦ, ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɱɟɛ- ɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ, ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɚɬɬɟɫɬɚɰɢɢ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ – ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɛɟɫ- ɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɸ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɷɬɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɢɧ- ɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɨɬɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨ- ɥɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɚ ɦɟɠɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ (ɢ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦ). Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɪɟɚ- ɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱ- ɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɦɭɸ ɫɟɦɶɟɣ ɢ ɲɤɨɥɨɣ. Ʌɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚ- ɬɵ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɎȽɈɋ, ɧɟ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɬ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ, ɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɦɟ- ɬɨɦ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ [1; 3; 4]. Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɜ 5–9 ɤɥɚɫɫɚɯ – ɷɬɨ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɞɨ- ɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚɯ ɦɟɠɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢ- ɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ, ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞ- ɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ: 5–8 ɤɥɚɫɫ – ɢɬɨɝɨɜɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ, 5–7 ɤɥɚɫɫ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦ, ɭ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ 8 ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɨ- ɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɝɨɞɨɜɚɹ ɚɬɬɟɫɬɚɰɢɹ: ɩɨ ɞɜɭɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɬɟ- ɤɭɳɢɣ ɝɨɞ (ɨɞɢɧ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɤɡɚɦɟɧ ɢ ɨɞɢɧ ɷɤɡɚɦɟɧ ɩɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɭ ɨɛɭɱɚ- ɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ), ɡɚɳɢɬɚ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ (9 ɤɥɚɫɫ). ȼ ɚɜɝɭɫɬɟ ɦɟɫɹɰɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɫɨɜ- ɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɥɚɧ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɚ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɣ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɝɨɞ. ɉɥɚɧ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɪɚɫ- ɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɨɜɟɬɟ ɢ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɤɚɡɨɦ ɩɨ ɲɤɨ- ɥɟ. ɉɥɚɧ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɛɶɟɤɬɵ: ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɜɚ- ɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɚɞɪɨɜ, ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɚ- ɤɨɧɚ ɨɛ «Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ», ɪɚɛɨɱɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɟɣ (ɤɥɚɫɫɧɵɟ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɵ, ɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɞɟ- ɥɚ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ, ɞɧɟɜɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɬɟɬɪɚɞɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ), ɫɜɟɪɤɚ ɤɚɞɪɨɜ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɜɵɩɨɥ- ɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ. ɇɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ȼɒɄ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɡɚɦɟ- ɫɬɢɬɟɥɢ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɩɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ, ɡɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɪɚɫ- ɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ. 221 ȼ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɵ ɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɶ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɚ, ɪɭɤɨ- ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɚ (ɩɨɞɛɨɪɤɚ ɪɚɛɨɬ, ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ, ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɚɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɚ ɢ ɩɪɨ- ɜɟɪɤɚ ɪɚɛɨɬ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɟɣ). Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚ- ɛɨɬ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɨ- ɞɹɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ ɋɬɚɬȽɪɚɞɚ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦ ɡɚɫɥɭɲɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɆɈ, ɫɨɜɟɳɚɧɢɹɯ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɹɯ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɩɨ ɍȼɊ, ɫɨɜɟ- ɳɚɧɢɹɯ ɩɪɢ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɟ, ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɜɟɬɚɯ, ɦɚɥɵɯ ɩɟɞɫɨɜɟɬɚɯ (1, 5, 10 ɤɥɚɫɫɵ). ɇɚ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɦɟɫɹɰ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɥɚɧ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɤɚɡ ɩɨ ɲɤɨɥɟ. Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɚ 5 ɥɟɬ ɯɪɚɧɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ. ȼ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ-ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɢɤ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɨɬɱɟɬ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɭ. Ⱥɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɨɬɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɢ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬ- ɧɭɸ ɭɫɩɟɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦ, ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟ- ɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ. Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɤɥɚɫɫɧɵɣ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɨ ɢɬɨɝɚɦ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɨɬɱɟɬ ɨɛ ɢɬɨɝɚɯ ɭɫɩɟɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɬɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɚɹ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɭɫɩɟɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɨɬɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɟɬ- ɫɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ ɭɫɩɟɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɭ ɢ ɩɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ. Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞ- ɧɢɯ ɥɟɬ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ȼɉɊ. ȼ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ȼɉɊ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜɫɟ ɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɢ ɞɢ- ɪɟɤɬɨɪɚ (ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɢ ɤɭɪɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ). ȼ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ȼɉɊ ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɚ ɫɥɭɠɛɚ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ: ɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɚ, ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɤɢ - ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɚɭɞɢɬɨ- ɪɢɣ, ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɟɥɟɣ (ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ), ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɟ ɪɚɛɨɬ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɚɦɢ ɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɶ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɦ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɭɸ ɛɚɡɭ. ɉɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɪɚɜɤɚ, ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɢɤɚɦ ɜɵɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɟ ɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ (ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɢ ɦɟɬɚ- ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ) ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭ- ɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ. ɘ. Ⱥ. Ʉɨɧɚɪɠɟɜ- ɫɤɢɣ ɬɪɢɞɰɚɬɶ ɥɟɬ ɧɚɡɚɞ ɨɩɢɫɚɥ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜ- ɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ «ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ» ɤ «ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ» ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ- ɧɢɹ [2]. ɇɚ ɩɭɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɤ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɹ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣ- ɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɟ- ɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɢ- ɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɥɭɠɛ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ- ɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. 222 Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ȼɚɯɦɭɬɫɤɢɣ, Ⱥ. ȿ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɢɯ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ⱥ. ȿ. Ȼɚɯɦɭɬɫɤɢɣ // ɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɹ ɊȽɉɍ ɢɦ. Ⱥ. ɂ. Ƚɟɪɰɟɧɚ. 2017. ʋ185. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ rezultaty-obrazovaniya-v-sootvetstvii-s-obrazovatelnymi-standartami-i-ih-otsenka (ɞɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ: 27.11.2018). 2. Ʉɨɧɚɪɠɟɜɫɤɢɣ, ɘ. Ⱥ. ɑɬɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɭ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɢ ɫɢ- ɫɬɟɦɧɨɦ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɟ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɘ. Ⱥ. Ʉɨɧɚɪɠɟɜɫɤɢɣ. – ɑɟɥɹɛɢɧɫɤ: ɑȽɉɍ, 1986. – 135 ɫ. 3. Ɇɢɲɢɧɚ, Ⱥ. ɉ. Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɲɤɨɥɶ- ɧɨɣ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɎȽɈɋ ɇɈɈ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟ- ɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ / Ⱥ. ɉ. Ɇɢɲɢɧɚ, Ɍ. ȼ. Ʉɨɱɟɬɤɨɜɚ. – Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ: Ɋɭɫɫɤɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ – ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤ, 2014. – 121 ɫ. : ɬɚɛɥ. – (Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨ- ɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ). 4. ɇɢɝɦɚɬɨɜ, Ɂ. Ƚ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟ- ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ɂ. Ƚ. ɇɢɝɦɚɬɨɜ // ɍɱɟɧ. ɡɚɩ. Ʉɚɡɚɧ. ɭɧ-ɬɚ. ɋɟɪ. Ƚɭɦɚ- ɧɢɬ. ɧɚɭɤɢ. 2013. ʋ 6. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sovremennye- sredstva-otsenivaniya-obrazovatelnyh-rezultatov (ɞɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ: 27.11.2018). 5. Ɉɛɳɟɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ: ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɧɚɭɱɧɨɟ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ / ȿ. Ⱥɜɪɚɚɦɨɜɚ, Ɉ. Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɚ, ɋ. Ȼɟɥɚɧɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɞɪ.; ɩɨɞ ɧɚɭɱ. ɪɟɞ. ȿ. Ɇ. Ⱥɜɪɚɚɦɨɜɨɣ, Ƚ. ɋ. Ɍɨɤɚɪɟɜɨɣ; Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɨɡɹɣ- ɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɩɪɢ ɉɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɐɟɧɬɪ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɯ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɞɪ. – Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ : ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶ- ɫɤɢɣ ɞɨɦ «Ⱦɟɥɨ», 2015. – 471 ɫ. 6. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɎȽɈɋ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ɉ. Ȼ. Ⱦɚɭɬɨɜɚ, Ɉ. ɇ. Ʉɪɵɥɨɜɚ, Ƚ. Ɉ. Ɇɚɬɢɧɚ, ȿ. Ⱥ. ɉɢɜɱɭɤ. – ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ: ɄȺɊɈ, 2014. – 160 ɫ.

ɍȾɄ 373.1 Ʌ. Ɇ. ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɚ, ȽɈɍ ȾɉɈ(ɉɄ)ɋ «Ʉɭɡɛɚɫɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ», ɝ. Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɨ E-mail: [email protected]

Ɉɰɟɧɨɱɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɤɚɤ ɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ

ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɜɫɟ ɜɵɡɨɜɵ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬ ɜɵɫɨɤɭɸ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ. ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜ- ɧɵɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɞɨ ɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ.

223 Ʉɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ, ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢ, ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ, ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚ- ɧɢɟ, ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ.

L. M. Vladimirova, Kuzbass Regional Institute for Professional Development and Retraining of Education Workers, Kemerovo E-mail: [email protected]

Assessment competence of the teacher as an integral part in his professional and pedagogical activities

The modern education system faces all challenges of the age, which implies high competence of teachers. The article describes the main aspects of the improvement in the assessment professional activity of teacher to update it to a significantly new level.

Competence, professional competences, assessment competence, assessment, evaluation activity.

Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɹɹ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɪɚ- ɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɯ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ, ɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶ- ɧɵɟ ɰɟɥɢ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɩɵɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ, ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɨ- ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɚ ɫ ɬɟɦɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɨɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶ- ɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ, ɧɨ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ, ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨ- ɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɦɢ, ɨɧɚ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɨ ɜɚɠɧɨɣ. Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣ- ɫɬɜɢɣ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚɦ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ. Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜ- ɥɹɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ: ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɦ, ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ- ɧɵɦ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɦ – ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɸ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɛ- ɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɱɟɬɤɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɨɬ «ɜɧɭɬ- ɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ» ɤ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ,

224 ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɡɚɩɥɚɧɢɪɨ- ɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ, ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ, ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɭɫɥɨ- ɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɡ- ɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɣ ɮɢɝɭɪɨɣ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɧɨɜɨɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɷɬɨɝɨ, ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɦɚ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɜ ɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɜɵɞɜɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ. ɋɨɜɪɟ- ɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɬɪɟɛɨ- ɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɫɚɦɭ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢ- ɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɞɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɞɧɚ ɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɱɟɬɤɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɣ, ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ, ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ. ɗɬɨ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɪɢ- ɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɫ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɢɯ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ- ɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ; ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɦɮɨɪɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɤɨɧ- ɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɬ. ɞ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜɚɠɧɨɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɡɚɞɚ- ɱɟɣ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ. ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɚɫɫɢɦɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɱɟɬɤɢɟ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ, ɧɨ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɫɟɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɭɸ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɭɸ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɦ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɭɱɟɛ- ɧɨɦ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ. Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨ- ɜɚɧɢɢ. ȼ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɜɫɬɚɟɬ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɨ ɩɨɢɫɤɟ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟ- ɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ: 1 – ɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ 2 – ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ (ɩɨ ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɟ, ɩɨ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨ ɜɚɪɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬ. ɞ.) 3 – ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧ- ɬɚɪɢɣ (ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ, ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɜɵɣ, ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ) [3]. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ, ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨ- ɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ: 1. Ɉɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ: 225 – ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ, ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ, ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ, ɨɰɟɧɤɚ, ɨɬɦɟɬ- ɤɚ, ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɚ, ɫɚɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ; – ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ (ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ; ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ ɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭ- ɪɟ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ; ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɢ); – ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ (ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ, ɦɟɬɨɞɵ, ɮɨɪɦɵ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ); – ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶ- ɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ. 2. Ɉɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɟ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ: – ɨɬɛɨɪ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ; – ɜɵɛɨɪ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ; – ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ; – ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ; – ɲɤɚɥɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ; – ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ; – ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ; – ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. 3. Ɉɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɣ ɨɩɵɬ: – ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨ-ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ; – ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɲɤɚɥ, ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɦɢ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɤɜɚɥɢɦɟɬɪɢɢ; – ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ; – ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ; – ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɹ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ; – ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɨɛ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɟ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ. Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɫɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɬɟ- ɩɟɧɶ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɩɪɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ- ɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ- ɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɟɝɨ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɭ ɧɭɠɧɵ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ, ɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɟ, ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɥɸɞɢ, ɝɨɬɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢ- ɹɦ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɬɟɦɩɚɦ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɦ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɮɟɪɚɯ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɦ- ɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɟ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ 226 ɨɱɟɧɶ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɚ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɧɨɜɨɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚ- ɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɟ- ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɡɭɱɚɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɜ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɨɛɭɱɚ- ɸɳɢɯɫɹ. Ɉɰɟɧɨɱɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ – ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɤɚɤ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɟɝɨ- ɫɹ. Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɫɢ- ɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɚ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɩɨɞɝɨ- ɬɨɜɤɢ ɤ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ. ɉɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɵɥ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɫɢɯɨ- ɥɨɝɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ. ɉɨ ɩɟɪɜɨɦɭ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɩɪɨ- ɜɟɪɤɢ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɢɫ- ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɫɚɦɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦ, ɭɦɟɧɢɹɦ, ɧɚɜɵɤɚɦ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ. ɉɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɛɵɥɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɵ ɬɪɭɞɵ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɤɚɤ ȼ. ȼ. Ⱦɚɜɵɞɨɜ, Ⱦ. Ȼ. ɗɥɶɤɨɧɢɧ, Ʌ. Ɇ. Ɏɪɢɞɦɚɧ, ɘ. Ȼ. Ɂɨɬɨɜ. ɉɨ ɢɯ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ, ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɨ- ɰɟɫɫɵ ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɤɚɤ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɲɤɨɥɵ, ɚ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟ- ɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɢ ɬ.ɩ. Ʉɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨ-ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢ- ɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ ɜ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɨɩɟɪɚ- ɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧ, ɨɛɨɛɳɢɬɶ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ- ɚɥ ɢ ɩɨɞɜɟɫɬɢ ɢɬɨɝɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ. ȼɬɨɪɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɫɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ, ɫ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɧɚ ɨɛɭ- ɱɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ, ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɤ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɭ. Ȼɨɥɶ- ɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢ ɪɟ- ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɟ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ ɤ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɸ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ «ɨɰɟɧɤɚ», «ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ», «ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ». Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɭɱɟɧɵɟ ɤɚɤ ɒ. Ⱥ. Ⱥɦɨɧɚɲɜɢɥɢ, ȿ. Ⱦ. Ȼɨɠɨɜɢɱ, Ʌ. ɂ. Ȼɨɠɨɜɢɱ, Ƚ. ɘ. Ʉɫɟɧɡɨɜɚ, ȼ. Ɇ. ɉɨɥɨɧɫɤɢɣ, ɇ. ȼ. ɋɟɥɟɡɧɟɜ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ – ɷɬɨ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ. ɒ. Ⱥ. Ⱥɦɨɧɚ- ɲɜɢɥɢ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɫɭ- 227 ɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɚɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ ɢ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ «ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɫɨɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɯɨɞɚ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɧɚɦɟɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɡɚɞɚɱɟ ɷɬɚɥɨɧɨɦ» [1]. Ʉɨɧɟɱɧɵɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɒ. Ⱥ. Ⱥɦɨɧɚɲɜɢɥɢ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɭ ɤɚɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ. ȼ. Ɇ. ɉɨɥɨɧɫɤɢɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨ- ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɢɞ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨ- ɪɵɣ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɭɱɟɧɢɣ, ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɥɚɧɢ- ɪɭɟɦɵɦ (ɪɢɫ.) [4]. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬ- ɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɚɦɢɯ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ. ɂ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɡɞɟɫɶ – ɧɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɫɩɟɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ, ɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɚɦɨ- ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ- ɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟ- ɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɣ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɛɹɡɚɧ ɜɥɚɞɟɬɶ: – ɭɦɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ; – ɭɦɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ; – ɭɦɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢ- ɹɦɢ; – ɭɦɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɭɱɟ- ɧɢɤɭ ɢ ɞɪ.

Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ

– ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ, – ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦɵɦ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦ, ɭɦɟɧɢɹɦ, ɧɚɜɵɤɚɦ

– ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ

– ȼɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɦ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢ- ɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ

– ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɸ- ɳɢɯɫɹ, ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɤ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɭ

Ɋɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ

Ɋɢɫ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ.

228 Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɭ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ – ɷɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɠɟ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɤ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɟ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚ- ɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɭ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɭɸ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɭɸ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨ ɡɚɹɜɥɹɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɭɸ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɦ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢ- ɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ⱥɦɨɧɚɲɜɢɥɢ, ɒ. Ⱥ. ȼɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɨɰɟɧ- ɤɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɫ- ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ / ɒ. Ⱥ. Ⱥɦɨɧɚɲɜɢɥɢ. – Ɇ.: ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɚ, 1984. – 296 ɫ. (ɋ. 12) 2. Ʉɨɠɟɜɧɢɤɨɜɚ, ɗ. ɗ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɫɩɟɤɬ / ɗ. ɗ. Ʉɨɠɟɜɧɢɤɨɜɚ // Ɇɢɪ ɧɚɭɤɢ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. 2011. – ʋ 4(29). 3. Ɇɢɯɚɣɥɸɤ, Ʌ. Ƚ. Ɋɨɥɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɤɨ-ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɮɟɫ- ɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ. [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]: URL:http:// rspu.edu.ru/rspu/science/conferences/conference_ped/section4/melnikova.doc 4. ɉɨɥɨɧɫɤɢɣ, ȼ. Ɇ. Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ȼ. Ɇ. ɉɨɥɨɧ- ɫɤɢɣ. – Ɇ.: Ɂɧɚɧɢɟ, 1981. – 96 ɫ. (C. 3–9)

ɍȾɄ 372.45 ɇ. ɇ. ȿɪɦɚɤɨɜɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «Ɇɟɬɚɥɥɭɪɝɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ», ɇɨɜɨɤɭɡɧɟɰɤɢɣ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɣɨɧ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]

Ɍɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɦɭ ɩɢɫɶɦɭ ɢ ɩɭɬɢ ɢɯ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɹ

ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɫɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɭ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɦ- ɤɚɯ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɺɦɵ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɪ- ɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ.

Ɉɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ, ɞɢɫɝɪɚɮɢɹ, ɡɜɭɤɨɛɭɤɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɥɨɜ, ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ.

229 N. N. Ermakova, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «Metallurg General Education School», Novokuznetsk municipal district, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]

Difficulties in teaching literate writing for primary school children and ways to overcome them

The article describes the reasons for the occurrence of dysgraphia in children in the primary general education school and the pedagogical methods of forming spelling literacy.

Spelling literacy, dysgraphia, sound-letter analysis of words, the difficulties.

ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ – ɷɬɨ ɫɬɚɪɬ ɜɫɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɷɬɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ «ɡɚɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ» ɧɚ ɜɫɸ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɭɸ ɠɢɡɧɶ. ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɨɣ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɢ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɨɱɧɨ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɫɶɦɚ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɝɨɞɭ ɭ ɦɟɧɹ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɤɥɚɫɫ. ə ɧɟ ɨɲɢɛɭɫɶ, ɟɫɥɢ ɫɤɚɠɭ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɭ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɜɨɤɥɚɲɟɤ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɤɚɤɢɟ-ɥɢɛɨ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ: ɜ ɩɢɫɶɦɟ, ɱɬɟɧɢɢ, ɜ ɫɱɟɬɟ, ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ, ɜ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɦɢ, ɫɜɟɪɫɬɧɢ- ɤɚɦɢ. ɇɨ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɭ. Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɜɢɞɚɦɢ ɞɢɫɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɤɚɠɞɵɦ ɝɨɞɨɦ [1]. Ȼɟɡ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɜɵ- ɤɨɦ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɫɶɦɚ, ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨ ɢɯ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟ- ɧɢɸ. ɍ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɫɥɨɜɚ: ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɢ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɛɭɤɜ, ɫɥɨɝɨɜ, ɪɚɡɪɵɜ ɫɥɢɹɧɢɣ. Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɤɥɚɫɫ ɧɟ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫ ɤɚɠɞɵɦ ɝɨɞɨɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɟɪɜɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɨɜ, ɢɦɟ- ɸɳɢɯ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɱɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟ- ɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɥɨɝɨɩɟɞɚ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɞɟɬɹɦ ɜ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɢ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɵɦ ɩɢɫɶɦɨɦ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɱɬɟɧɢɟɦ? ə ɫɱɢɬɚɸ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɢ- ɫɚɧɢɢ ɢɞɟɬ ɨɬ ɧɟɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɲɤɨɥɶ- ɧɢɤɨɜ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ (ɡɨɪɤɨɫɬɢ) – ɷɬɨ ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɜɢ- ɞɟɬɶ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɬɶ ɢɯ, ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɪ- ɤɢ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɦɦ.

230 ɍ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɞɢɫɝɪɚɮɢɟɣ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɛɭɤɜɵ ɧɟɜɟɪɧɨ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ. Ɉɧɢ ɩɭɬɚɸɬ ɩɨɯɨɠɢɟ ɩɨ ɧɚɱɟɪɬɚɧɢɸ ɛɭɤɜɵ: «Ɂ» ɢ «ɗ», «Ɋ» ɢ «ɖ» (ɦɹɝɤɢɣ ɡɧɚɤ). Ɉɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɟ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɥɢɲɧɸɸ ɩɚɥɨɱ- ɤɭ ɜ ɛɭɤɜɟ «ɒ» ɢɥɢ «ɤɪɸɱɨɤ» ɜ ɛɭɤɜɟ «ɓ». ɉɢɲɭɬ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɞɟɬɢ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ, ɧɟɪɨɜɧɨ. ɉɪɢ ɞɢɫɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɞɟɬɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɫ ɬɪɭɞɨɦ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɜɚɸɬ ɩɢɫɶ- ɦɨɦ: ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɦɢ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ, ɞɢɤɬɚɧɬɵ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɝɪɚɦ- ɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ [2]. ɇɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɱɟɪɤɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɨɬɨɪɢɤɢ, ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧ- ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɦɨɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɣ. ɍ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɞɟ- ɬɟɣ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɢɞɟɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɢ ɛɭɤɜ, ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ, ɢɯ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɥɢɫɬɟ. ɉɢɲɭɬ ɷɬɢ ɞɟɬɢ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ, ɢ ɩɨɱɟɪɤ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɭɯɭɞɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɧɟ- ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɚ [3]. ɑɟɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦ? ȼɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɫɚɦɵɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜ- ɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɦɟɥɤɢɯ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɪɭɤ: ɪɚɫɤɪɚɲɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɤɢ ɫ ɦɟɥɤɢɦɢ ɞɟɬɚɥɹɦɢ, ɥɟɩɤɚ, ɫɤɥɟɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɥɤɢɯ ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ. Ⱦɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɞɢɫɝɪɚɮɢɟɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɡɚɩɪɟɳɟɧɨ ɭɱɢɬɶ ɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɧɟɨɬɪɵɜɧɨ, ɧɭɠɧɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚ- ɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɛɭɤɜɵ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɟɣ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɲɬɪɢɯɨɜ. ɇɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɬɨɪɨɩɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɢ, ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ, ɭɩɪɟɤɚɬɶ. ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɵ ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɦɭ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɤɨ-ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɦɟɬɨɞɭ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɜ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɟ ɪɟ- ɛɺɧɨɤ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɡɜɭɤɚɯ, ɛɭɤɜɚɯ, ɫɥɨɜɟ, ɩɪɟɞɥɨ- ɠɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɬ. ɞ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɟ ɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɪɚɞɢ- ɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ-ɫɯɟɦɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɥɨɜ, ɫɥɢɹɧɢɣ ɢ ɡɜɭɤɨɜ, ɧɨ ɢ ɧɟ- ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɪɚɛɨɬ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɜ ɩɪɨ- ɰɟɫɫ ɭɱɟɧɢɹ: ɷɬɨ ɢ ɜɟɫɺɥɵɟ ɫɥɨɝɢ, ɢ ɬɟɬɪɚɞɤɢ-ɤɚɩɟɥɶɤɢ, ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɱɢ- ɫɬɨɝɨɜɨɪɤɢ, ɡɚɝɚɞɤɢ, ɪɟɛɭɫɵ. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɚ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɫɶɦɚ ɞɟɬɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɫɥɵɲɚɬɶ ɫɥɨɜɨ, ɪɚɫɱɥɟɧɹɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɡɜɭɤɢ, ɬ.ɟ. ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟ- ɥɢɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɜɭɤɨɜ ɜ ɫɥɨɜɟ; ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɚɩɢ- ɫɚɧɧɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɧɟ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɫ ɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɦ, ɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ. ȼɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɡɞɧɢɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟɬ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɟɣ. ȿɫɥɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɭ ɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɷɬɨ ɫ ɬɪɭɞɨɦ ɢ ɩɟɪ- ɜɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɢ ɞɢɫɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɧɚɥɢɰɨ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɱɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɜɫɥɭɯ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ «ɩɪɨ ɫɟɛɹ». ȿɫɥɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɩɪɨɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɧɟ ɬɨɪɨɩɹɫɶ, ɨɧ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬ ɡɜɭɤɨɛɭɤɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ. ɂ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɢɡɛɟɝɚɟɬ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣ ɛɭɤɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫ ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣ- ɱɢɜɵɦ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟɦ, ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɝɨɜɚɪɢ- ɜɚɧɢɟ. 231 ȼ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸ ɪɚɡɪɟɡɧɭɸ ɢɥɢ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɭɸ ɚɡɛɭɤɭ ɞɥɹ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɥɨɜ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɪɟɱɟɜɵɟ ɢɝɪɵ, ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɩɨɦɨ- ɝɚɸɳɢɣ ɡɚɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ ɧɚɱɟɪɬɚɧɢɹ ɛɭɤɜ: «Ɉ» ɧɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɟɬ ɨɛɪɭɱ, «ɀ» – ɠɭɤɚ, «ɋ» – ɩɨɥɭɦɟɫɹɰ... ɇɟɨɰɟɧɢɦɚ ɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɣ. ɗɬɨ – ɦɨɳɧɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɫɬɢ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ. Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɭ ɞɟɬɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɨɤ, ɮɨɬɨ- ɝɪɚɮɢɣ, ɜɢɞɟɨɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ. ȼɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚ- ɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ, ɞɚɺɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞ- ɫɬɜɚ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɦɭ ɢ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɸ ɢɡɭɱɚɟ- ɦɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɬ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɭɪɨɤɚ, ɧɚɫɵɳɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ, ɪɚɫ- ɲɢɪɹɟɬ ɤɪɭɝɨɡɨɪ, ɩɪɢɜɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɭɱɺɛɟ. ɍ ɩɟɪɜɨɤɥɚɲɟɤ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚ (ɧɵɧɟ ɷɬɨ ɩɹɬɢɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɢ), ɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɜɚɥɚ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɭ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɭɪɨɤɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɟ. ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɞɚɥɢ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɭɪɨɤɢ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɚ. Ⱦɟɬɢ ɥɟɝɱɟ ɢ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɸɬ ɢ ɭɫɜɚɢɜɚɸɬ ɛɭɤ- ɜɵ. ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤ, ɡɚɦɟɧɭ, ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɛɭɤɜ, ɫɥɨɝɨɜ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɭɪɨɤɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɭɱɟɛɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɡɧɨ- ɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣ, ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨɣ. Ɉɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɭɪɨɤɨɜ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɨɟ ɰɟɥɨɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢ- ɥɨ ɫɧɢɡɢɬɶ ɭɬɨɦɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɭ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɢɡɛɟɝɚɟɬ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɨɜ ɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ: ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɡɜɭɤɨɜ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɥɨɝɨɜ, ɫɥɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ. ɇɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɛɭɤɜ, ɫɥɨɝɨɜ, ɫɥɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɢɞɟɬ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɠɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢ- ɡɚ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ. ə ɫɱɢɬɚɸ, ɱɬɨ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧ- ɧɵɟ ɭɪɨɤɢ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɚ ɜ 1-ɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɩɨɜɵ- ɲɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ. ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɧɢɧɝɨɜɵɯ ɤɚɪɬɨ- ɱɟɤ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɤɚɤ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɩɚɪɚɯ, ɢ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ. ɋ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɤɚɪɬɨɱɤɚɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɚ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɭɪɨɤɚ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ, ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɭɪɨɤ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɸ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɵɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ, ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɦɢ, ɨɩɨɪɚɦɢ, ɫɯɟɦɚɦɢ, ɱɬɨ ɞɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɪ ɞɥɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɭɪɨɤɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɟ ɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɚ, ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ, ɹ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɩɟɪɜɨɤɥɚɲɤɚɦ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸ ɢɝɪɵ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɫɥɚɣɞɚɯ. ɂɝɪɚ «Ʌɨɬɨ. ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣ ɫɥɨɜɨ» – ɭɱɚɳɢɦɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɪɬɨɱɤɚ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ. 1-ɣ ɪɚɡ ɱɢɬɚɸɬ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɫ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɩɚɪɨɜɨɡɢɤ «ɜɵɜɨɡɢɬ» ɜ ɜɚɝɨɧɱɢɤɚɯ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɞɟɬɢ ɱɢɬɚɸɬ ɫɥɨɜɨ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬ ɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɨɱ- ɤɟ, ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɸɬ ɮɢɲɤɨɣ (ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦ ɤɪɭɠɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ). ɉɨɫɥɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɦ ɜ ɬɟɬɪɚɞɤɢ-ɤɚɩɟɥɶɤɢ. ɋɥɨɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɥɨɬɨ ɛɟɪɭ ɢɡ ɚɡɛɭɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɟ ɭɪɨɤɚ. ȿɳɟ ɨɞɢɧ ɜɢɞ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ – ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɝɨɜɵɦɢ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɦɢ (ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɭɪɨɤɟ). ɑɢɬɚɟɦ ɫɥɨɝɢ ɜɪɚɡɛɪɨɫ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ «ɨɤɨɲɤɚ» ɫɨ- ɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɢ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɩɢɲɟɦ ɢɯ ɫ ɩɪɨɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ. 232 Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɦɭ ɩɢɫɶɦɭ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫɢ- ɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ, ɢɧɚɱɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ. ɇɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛ- ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. ɗɬɨ ɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɨ ɫ ɩɪɨɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ («ȼɟɞɢ ɡɚ ɫɨ- ɛɨɣ»). ɍɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɹɬ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɩɨ ɫɥɨɝɚɦ, ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɛɭɤɜɭ ɫɥɨɝɚ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɸɬ ɝɥɚɫɧɭɸ ɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬ ɟɟ. «ɌȺ – ɩɢɲɭ ɬ ɫ ɝɥɚɫɧɨɣ ɚ». ɋɥɨɝɢ ɩɪɢ ɫɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɢ ɩɪɨɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɸɬ ɬɚɤ: «ɋɤɚ – ɩɢɲɭ ɫ, ɩɢɲɭ ɤɚ ɫ ɝɥɚɫɧɨɣ ɚ». Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɩɢɫɶɦɨ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɢ ɢ ɡɚ- ɦɟɧɭ ɛɭɤɜ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɤɪɚɫɢɜɨ, ɚɤɤɭɪɚɬɧɨ, ɛɟɡ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ. ɍ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɟɞɢɧɵɣ ɬɟɦɩ ɩɢɫɶɦɚ, ɩɨ- ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ ɤ ɬɚɤɨɦɭ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɦɭ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɸ – ɩɢɫɶɦɭ. ɋɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɩɪɨɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɹ ɞɚɸ ɫɚɦɚ, ɩɨɬɨɦ ɞɟɬɢ ɞɢɤɬɭɸɬ ɯɨɪɨɦ ɩɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɭ. ȿɠɟɞɧɟɜɧɨ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɨɬɜɨɠɭ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɩɢɫɵɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɉɧɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚ- ɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɨ ɫɥɨɝɚɦ. ɗɬɨɬ ɜɢɞ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɫɚɦɨ- ɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ. ɋɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɢɝɪɵ. «Ʉɚɤ ɩɬɢɱɤɚ ɡɟɪɧɵɲɤɨ ɤɥɸɟɬ?» (ɫɦɨɬɪɢ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤ, ɚ ɩɨɬɨɦ ɜ ɬɟɬ- ɪɚɞɶ.) Ʉɬɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɥɭɱɲɟɣ ɩɬɢɱɤɨɣ?». ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɩɢɫɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɪɚɡ- ɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɢ ɫɥɭɯɨɜɚɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ, ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ, ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɬɶ. ȼɨɫɩɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɚɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ. ɍɠɟ ɤ ɤɨɧɰɭ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɩɢɫɶɦɨ. Ɉɧɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɨ- ɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɫɥɨɝɚɦ. ɍɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɩɪɨɝɨɜɚɪɢɜɚɸɬ, ɚ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɵ- ɜɚɸɬ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ, ɩɨɞɛɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɜ. ɋɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɬ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ, ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ. ɋɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɩɢɲɭɬ ɞɢɤɬɚɧɬɵ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɨɣ. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɜɢɞ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ, ɪɟɱɶ, ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɮɨɧɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɥɭɯ, ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɤ ɢɡɭ- ɱɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ. Ⱦɪɭɝɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ – ɩɢɫɶɦɨ ɩɨ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɡɜɢ- ɜɚɟɬ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ, ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ, ɪɟɱɶ, ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɫɨ- ɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ, ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ «ɨɩɚɫɧɵɯ» ɦɟɫɬ ɜ ɫɥɨɜɚɯ, ɞɟɬɢ ɡɚɭɱɢ- ɜɚɸɬ ɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬ ɬɟɤɫɬ. Ɉɛɭɱɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɬɨ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɟ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɢ- ɥɨ, ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɧɢɯ ɫɥɨɜɟɫɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ ɡɚ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɥ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɝɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨ- ɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ (ɬ. ɟ. ɢɞɟɬ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ), ɢ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɜɫɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɭɠɞɚɥ, ɞɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɥ ɜɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɚ. Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɷɬɢɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɨ- ɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɭ. ɇɟɨɫɩɨɪɢɦ ɢ ɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ, ɱɬɨ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨ, ɬɨ ɢ ɥɟɝɱɟ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɤ ɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ- ɜɚɧɢɟ ɂɄɌ – ɡɚɥɨɝ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɫɶɦɚ.

233 Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. ɇɚɡɚɪɨɜɚ, ɇ. Ɇ. ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɚ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɭɱɟɛ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞ. ɜɵɫɲ. ɭɱɟɛ. ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ / Ʌ. ɂ. Ⱥɤɫɟɧɨɜɚ, Ȼ. Ⱥ. Ⱥɪɯɢɩɨɜ, Ʌ. ɂ. Ȼɟɥɹɤɨɜɚ ɢ ɞɪ.; ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. ɇ. Ɇ. ɇɚɡɚɪɨɜɨɣ. – 4-ɟ ɢɡɞ., ɫɬɟɪ. – Ɇ.: Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ, 2005. – 400 ɫ. 2. Ɂɚɜɢɞɨɜɚ, ɂ. ȼ. ɉɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɞɢɫɝɪɚɮɢɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ [ɷɥ. ɪɟɫɭɪɫ] / ɂ. ȼ. Ɂɚɜɢɞɨɜɚ. – Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: https://nsportal.ru/nachalnaya-shkola/ raznoe/2012/04/08/vystuplenie-na-metodicheskom-obedinenii-uchiteley- nachalnoy#ftnt_ref2. – Ɂɚɝɥ. ɫ ɷɤɪɚɧɚ. 3. Ȼɟɡɪɭɤɢɯ, Ɇ. Ɇ. Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɤɭɪɫɚ «Ɍɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɫɶɦɭ ɢ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ» [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɥɟɤɰɢɢ 1–4 ɤɥ. / Ɇ. Ɇ. Ȼɟɡɪɭɤɢɯ. – Ɇ.: ɉɟɪ- ɜɨɟ ɫɟɧɬɹɛɪɹ, 2009. – 84 ɫ.

ɍȾɄ 373.1 ȿ. Ⱥ. Ʉɚɝɚɤɢɧɚ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, ɝ. Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɨ E-mail: [email protected]

Ƚɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɤ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɝɪɚɧɬɚ ɊɎɎɂ 18-413-420005 «Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɤ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ»)

ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɯɨɞ ɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɫɜɹ- ɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ.

Ʉɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ, ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ, ɞɢɚ- ɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ.

E. A. Kagakina, Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo E-mail: [email protected]

Learners’ readiness for creative activity under the conditions of project training as a criterion of quality of the primary general education (based on the research project «Formation of learners’ readiness for creative activity under the conditions of project training»)

The article presents the course and some materials of research focused on the process of forming creative abilities in primary school children. 234 Quality of education, originality of thinking, motivation, diagnostics.

Ʉɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɛɴ- ɟɤɬ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɚ ɟɝɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨ- ɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ. ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɜɧɟɲɧɸɸ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɎȽɈɋ ɈɈɈ, ɜ ɬɟɨɪɟ- ɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚ- ɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ. ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɉ. ɋ. Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɜɚ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɤɥɸɱɟ- ɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɹ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɜɧɟɞ- ɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ. ɗɬɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟ- ɱɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ: «– ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚ- ɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɪɹɞ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢ- ɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟ- ɦɵ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ; ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛ- ɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬ- ɤɨɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɢ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɟɝɨ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ; ɨɛɳɟɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɦ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟ- ɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱ- ɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɤɚ- ɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ» [2]. Ʉɚɤ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬ ɘ. ɋ. ɂɜɢɧɚ, «ɜɧɭɬɪɢɲɤɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɤɚɱɟ- ɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ȼɒɋɈɄɈ) ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɭɸ ɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɭɸ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ ɭɱɟɬɚ: ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ, ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ- ɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɫ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɚɦɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ. Ɉɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ȼɒɋɈɄɈ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ «Ɉɛ ɨɛ- ɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ» [1]. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɣ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨ- ɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɤɚɤ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ. ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ 2 ɎɁ-273 «Ɉɛ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ Ɋɨɫ- ɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ» ɩɨɞ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ «ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ- ɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɸ- ɳɟɝɨɫɹ, ɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɳɚɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɢɯ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪ- ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɦ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɦ, ɮɟ- ɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɢ (ɢɥɢ) ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɮɢɡɢɱɟ- ɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ, ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚ- ɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ 235 ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ». Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɢɡ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɨɫɨɛɭɸ ɡɧɚɱɢ- ɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɬɚɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɫɬɶ. «Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ» ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɨɛɴɟɤ- ɬɨɜ, ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ, ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɤɨɦ- ɩɥɟɤɫ. Ɇɵ ɢɫɯɨɞɢɦ ɢɡ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɧɨɪ- ɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɦɢ. ɗɬɨɬ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɨɜɦɟɳɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɛɳɟ- ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜ- ɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ, ɜɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɤɨɦ- ɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ – ɷɬɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ- ɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɚ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɜ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɤ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɸ 10 ɤɥɚɫɫɚ. ȼɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɜ ɧɟɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɢ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɟ, ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨɛɪɚ- ɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼ-ɬɪɟɬɶɢɯ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɵ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɧɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɭ ɤɚɠɞɨ- ɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟ- ɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɚ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɤ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɭɱɟ- ɧɢɸ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɦɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ. ȼɨ- ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ 10–11 ɤɥɚɫɫɚɯ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɜɫɟ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɭɸ ɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɢɥɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ. ȼɨ- ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɜ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢ- ɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ: ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɟ (ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɭɦɟɧɢɹ, ɨɩɵɬ, ɦɟɬɨɞɵ), ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɟ (ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɰɟɥɶ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ; ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ; ɨɬɛɨɪ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɹ «ɩɟ- ɪɟɧɨɫ» ɢɡ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɭɸ; ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚ- ɰɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ); ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ (ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢ- ɡɚɰɢɹ, ɫɚɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ, ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ). ȼ-ɬɪɟɬɶɢɯ, ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ. ȼ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ: ɦɟɬɨ- ɞɢɤɚ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɤ ɭɫɩɟɯɭ (ɗɥɟɪɫɚ Ɍ.), ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ «Ɇɧɨɝɨɦɟɪɧɨ- ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ «ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ» (ɈɌȼ-70) (ɉɪɹɞɟɢɧɚ ȼ. ɉ.), ɬɟɫɬ «ɋɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɢɥɵ ɜɨɥɢ» (ɂɥɶɢɧɚ ȿ. ɉ.) ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ «Ʉɪɭɝɢ» (ȼɚɪɬɟɝɚ). Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɤ ɭɫɩɟɯɭ (ɗɥɟɪɫɚ Ɍ.) ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɚ ɧɚɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ 236 ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ. Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɦɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɤɚɤɚɹ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɤ ɭɫɩɟɯɭ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɬɜɨɪ- ɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ: ɫɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɫɥɚɛɚɹ. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ «Ɇɧɨ- ɝɨɦɟɪɧɨ-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ «ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ» ɦɵ ɫɦɨɝɥɢ ɢɫ- ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɤɚɤɢɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ- ɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ: ɫɬɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɚɫɬɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ. Ɍɟɫɬ «ɋɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɢɥɵ ɜɨɥɢ», ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢ- ɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɥɵ ɜɨɥɢ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɤ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ʉɚɤɨɣ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɢɥɵ ɜɨɥɢ: ɫɥɚɛɵɣ, ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ. Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ ȼɚɪɬɟɝɚ «Ʉɪɭɝɢ» ɦɵ ɫɦɨɝɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɛɟɝɥɨɫɬɢ, ɝɢɛɤɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɡɧɚ- ɱɢɬ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭ- ɪɟ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɤ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ȼɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭ 11 % ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚ- ɥɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɢ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɥɚ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨ- ɧɟɧɬ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɚɦɨ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɟ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚ- ɬɟɥɢ «ɫɢɥɵ ɜɨɥɢ» ɢ «ɫɬɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ» ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɦɢ, ɚ ɩɨɤɚ- ɡɚɬɟɥɶ «ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ» – ɧɢɡɤɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ. Ɇɵ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹ- ɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɟɦɭ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɞɪɨɫɬɤɭ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɢ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɢɡ ɜɧɟ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɝɢɛɤɨɫɬɢ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥ ɨɛɧɚ- ɪɭɠɟɧ ɭ 16 % ɩɨɞɪɨɫɬɤɨɜ. ɉɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɝɢɛɤɨɫɬɢ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɬɢ- ɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ «ɫɢɥɵ ɜɨɥɢ», «ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ» ɢ «ɫɬɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɷɦɨ- ɰɢɣ» ɨɤɚɡɚɥɢɫɶ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ. ȼɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɛɟɝɥɨɫɬɢ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɥɫɹ ɭ 23 % ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚ- ɬɟɥɢ «ɫɢɥɵ ɜɨɥɢ», «ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ» ɢ «ɫɬɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ» ɛɵɥɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɦɢ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɬɟ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɢ, ɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɛɟɝɥɨɫɬɢ, ɝɢɛ- ɤɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ (ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ), ɨɛɟɫɩɟ- ɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ, ɬɨ ɩɨɤɚ- ɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ (ɫɢɥɚ ɜɨɥɢ, ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ, ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ) ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵ ɧɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɨɡ- ɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ. Ƚɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɤ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɗɬɨɬ ɤɪɢɬɟ- ɪɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɦ ɢ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɟ, ɦɟɠɩɪɟɞ- ɦɟɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ. 237 Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. ɂɜɢɧɚ, ɘ. ɋ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨ- ɜɚɧɢɹ // ɍɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ: ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ. 2017. ʋ 2 (26). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/razvitie-vnutrishkolnyh-sistem-otsenki- kachestva-obrazovaniya (ɞɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ: 11.09.2018). 2. Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɜ, ɉ. ɋ. ȼɧɭɬɪɢɲɤɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ. // ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬ 2016 ʋ 11. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ vnutrishkolnaya-sistema-otsenki-kachestva-v-obrazovatelnoy-organizatsii (ɞɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ: 11.09.2018).

ɍȾɄ 373.1 ɇ. Ⱥ. Ʉɚɥɢɬɢɧɚ, ɇ. Ƚ. Ɏɨɦɢɧɵɯ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɉɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 56», ɉɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɣɨɧ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɟɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɦ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ

ɉɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɧɚ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɥ ɜɟɤɬɨɪ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ. Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢ ɩɟɞɚ- ɝɨɝɚ, ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɟ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɥɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɚɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫ- ɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟ- ɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.

Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ, ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢ, ɤɚ- ɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ.

N. A. Kalitina, N. G. Fominykh, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «Promyshlennaya General Education School ʋ 56», the township of Promyshlennaya, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

The system of school methodological activity and its influence on teachers’ professionalism in primary school

The introduction of Federal Educational Standard has changed the style of methodological work at school. The key competences of a teacher required by the

238 professional standard changed the direction of methodological work. Modern ways of work ensure the achievement of professional mastership of a teacher, development of his creativity, quality of teaching and efficiency of educational activity. This helps to make education better, raise it to a higher level.

Methodological work, educational standard, competency, quality of education, professional standard.

Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɥɭɠɛɚ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɨɫɨɛɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ, ɟɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɦ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ – ɷɬɨ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪ, ɧɚɰɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ, ɧɚ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧ- ɰɢɚɥɚ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɚ, ɧɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚ ɪɨɫɬ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɧɨ- ɫɬɢ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɫɬɢ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ. Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ, ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɦ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ, ɛɟɡ- ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɭɪɫɨɜɚɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ. Ʉɭɪɫɵ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɬ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟ- ɦɟɧɧɨ, ɧɨ ɥɢɲɶ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɭɛɜɟɧɰɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟ- ɧɢɹ. Ɉɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɬ ɢɯ ɡɚ ɫɜɨɣ ɫɱɟɬ ɢ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɰɢɨɧɧɨ. Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜ- ɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ: ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ, ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɦ, ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɦ. ɇɚ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ: – ɤɭɪɫɵ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ; – ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ-ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɟɦɢɧɚɪɵ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ, ɬɶɸɬɨɪɨɜ, ɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɤɭ- ɪɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ» – ɨɛɥɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɫɟɦɢɧɚɪɵ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɦɵ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɲɤɨɥɵ; – ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ «ɇɚɭɱɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨ- ɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɎȽɈɋ: ɨɩɵɬ, ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɩɭɬɢ ɢɯ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɹ», Ⱥɧ- ɞɪɟɟɜɫɤɢɟ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ, ɋɨɥɨɜɶɟɜɫɤɢɟ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ, ɂɨɚɧɨɜɫɤɢɟ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ, ɡɚɨɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ-ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɢ ɬ. ɞ.; – ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɵ «ɍɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɝɨɞɚ», «ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ», «ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝ ɧɚɫɬɚɜ- ɧɢɤ», «ɇɨɜɚɹ ɜɨɥɧɚ» ɢ ɞɪ.; – ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɞɟɩɨɡɢɬɚɪɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚ- ɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. ɇɚ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ: – ɪɚɣɨɧɧɨɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ; – ɪɚɣɨɧɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ɦɨɥɨɞɨɝɨ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ «Ⱦɢɚɥɨɝ»; – ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ («ɂɞɟɹ+); – ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɵ «Ɋɚɞɭɝɚ ɬɚɥɚɧɬɨɜ», «ɘɛɢɥɟɣɧɵɟ ɞɚɬɵ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɟɣ» ɢ ɞɪ.; – ɩɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɧɤɚ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ (ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɨ 58 ɪɚɛɨɬ); 239 – ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɟɪɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚ- ɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ (82 ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ). ɇɚ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ: – ɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɜɟɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɢɪɭɟɬ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟ- ɫɤɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ; – ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ: «ɉɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɩɨ- ɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɎȽɈɋ ɇɈɈ ɢ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ»; – ɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɵ. ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜɜɟɞɟ- ɧɢɹ ɎȽɈɋ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɩɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɦ. ɇɚɱɚɥɢ ɫ ɨɬɪɚ- ɛɨɬɤɢ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɟɪɟɲɥɢ ɤ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟ- ɧɟɧɢɸ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɦɚɫɬɟɪ-ɤɥɚɫɫɵ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨ- ɥɨɝɢɣ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɷɬɚɩɚɯ ɭɪɨɤɨɜ, ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɥɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɭɪɨɤɢ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɜ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɫɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɢ ɫ ɝɥɭɛɨ- ɤɢɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɦ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɲɤɨɥ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɜɡɹɬɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸ- ɳɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ: ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨ-ɞɢɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟ- ɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɨ, ɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɨɣ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɰɢɢ; – ɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ. Ɇɨɥɨɞɵɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵ ɧɭɠɞɚɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ. Ɉɩɵɬɧɵɯ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɥɢ ɤ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɞɭ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɢɜ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɸ ɢ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɚɬɢɸ; – ɝɨɞɢɱɧɵɣ ɫɟɦɢɧɚɪ. Ʉɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɚɥɫɹ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɪɚ- ɛɨɬɵ ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɟ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, «ɍɪɨɤ ɩɨ ɎȽɈɋ». Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɹɥɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɹ; – ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɜɟɳɚɧɢɹ. ɇɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɧɚ ɎȽɈɋ ɷɬɚ ɦɟɬɨ- ɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ. ɉɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɫɪɟɞɚɦ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɦɟɧɚ- ɦɢ. ɇɚɱɢɧɚɥɢ ɫ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ, ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɨɫɜɚɢɜɚɥɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣ- ɫɬɜɢɟ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ; ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɚɩɪɨɛɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɩɵɬ, ɟɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ, «ɜɵɪɚɳɢɜɚɬɶ», ɩɪɨɟɤ- ɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɷɬɨ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ, ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ. Ɇɵ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ: – ɫɟɦɢɧɚɪɵ. Ɍɟɦɵ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɧɟ ɫɬɢɯɢɣɧɨ, ɚ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɞɢɚɝɧɨ- ɫɬɢɤɢ. ȼɚɠɧɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɥɚɫɶ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ; – ɤɟɣɫ-ɩɪɨɟɤɬ. Ʉɚɤ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ. ɗɬɚɩɵ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ- ɫɬɢ: ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ, ɪɚɡɨɛɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɭɬɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɥɭɱɲɢɟ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ. Ɍɟɦɚ: «ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɢ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɨɜ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɎȽɈɋ-ɭɪɨɤɚ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ». ȼ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫ ɄɊɂɉɄɢɉɊɈ ɭɱɢɥɢɫɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɨɦ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɍɆɄ; 240 – ɦɚɫɬɟɪ-ɤɥɚɫɫ. Ɉɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫɨ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɦɢ. Ɍɟɦɵ: «Ɏɨɪɦɭɥɚ ɭɫɩɟɯɚ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ», «Ɇɨɛɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ», «ɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɭɫɩɟɯ ɢ ɡɚɱɟɦ ɨɧ ɧɭɠɟɧ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ», «Ɋɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɷɬɚɩ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɤɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɎȽɈɋ»; – ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɭɪɨɤɢ. ɇɚ ɧɢɯ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɚɩɪɨɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɜɢɞɵ ɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɜɵ- ɫɨɤɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ. ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡ ɧɨɜɵɯ, ɧɟɬɪɚɞɢɰɢ- ɨɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɭɪɨɤɨɜ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɚ ɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢɯ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ. ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɲɤɨɥɵ, ɟɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɦɚ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ. ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɎȽɈɋ ɧɭɠɟɧ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɦɚ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɣ ɤ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɤ ɫɚɦɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɢɞɟɣ ɎȽɈɋ, ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɹ ɤ ɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟ- ɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨ- ɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ɍɸɦɢɧɚ, Ɇ. ȼ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ: ɦɨɞɟɥɶ, ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɦɨɧɢɬɨ- ɪɢɧɝ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ɇ. ȼ. Ɍɸɦɢɧɚ, Ɍ. ȼ. Ɏɢɚɥɤɢɧɚ, ɇ. ȼ. Ɇɚɪɱɭɤ. – ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞ: ɍɱɢɬɟɥɶ, 2018. – 47 ɫ. 2. Ɇɚɥɵɯɢɧɚ, Ʌ. Ȼ. Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ʌ. Ȼ. Ɇɚɥɵɯɢɧɚ. – ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞ: ɍɱɢɬɟɥɶ, 2012. – 143 ɫ. 3. Ɇɢɪɨɧɨɜ, Ⱥ. ȼ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɭɪɨɤ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɎȽɈɋ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ⱥ. ȼ. Ɇɢɪɨɧɨɜ. – ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞ: ɍɱɢɬɟɥɶ, 2017. – 174 ɫ.

ɍȾɄ 373.1 ɇ. Ⱥ. Ʉɪɵɥɨɜɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 85», ɝ. Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɨ E-mail: [email protected]

Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɩɟɞɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ

ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɩɟɞɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɞɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢ- ɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɦ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ.

ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ, ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ, ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ. 241 N. A. Krylova, Municipal Autonomous Educational Institution «General Education School ʋ 85», the city of Kemerovo E-mail: [email protected],

The value of propaedeutic History course in primary school

The article discusses the value of the propaedeutic History course in primary school with the case of extracurricular activities and proves the need for a schoolchild to obtain historical knowledge in primary school.

History, primary school, extracurricular activities.

ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɝɭɦɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ, ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɬɪɭɞ- ɧɵɣ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɦɚɥɨɩɨɧɹɬɧɵɣ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ- ɚɥɚ, ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɞɚɬ, ɮɚɤɬɨɜ, ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ ɞɟɥɚɸɬ ɭɪɨɤ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɦ. ɇɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɣɫɹ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɭɦɟɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɬɶ, ɞɟ- ɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ, ɪɚɫɫɭɠɞɚɬɶ, ɜɵɹɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɧɨ-ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ, ɚɪ- ɝɭɦɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɩɨɪ, ɚ ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ! Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɪɟɛɹɬɚ, ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɡɚ- ɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɟ ɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ, ɜɞɪɭɝ ɜ 5 ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɫɜɨɢɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ – ɢɫɬɨɪɢɸ. ɉɪɢɱɢɧ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɦɨ- ɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɨ, ɧɨ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ – ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɤ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹ- ɬɢɸ ɢ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ. Ɋɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɛɭɤɜɚɥɶɧɨ «ɬɨɧɟɬ» ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɡɧɚɟɬ, ɤɚɤ ɫɩɚɫɬɢɫɶ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ «ɪɟɤɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ». ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɨɩɟɞɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɭɪɫ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɤ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɦɭ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɸ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ. ɇɨ ɩɪɟɩɨ- ɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɸ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɧɟɩɪɨɫɬɨ. ȼ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɲɤɨɥ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ, ɤɚɤ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɦɢɪɚ, ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɩɟɞɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫ- ɫɚɯ. ȼ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɲɤɨɥ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɢɧɬɟ- ɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɭɪɫɚ «Ɉɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɣ ɦɢɪ» [1, ɫ. 6–9]. ȼ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɹ ɫɬɨɥɤɧɭɥɚɫɶ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɞɟɬɢ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɩɥɨɯɨ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ. Ɇɥɚɞɲɢɟ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɢ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɤɚɤ ɠɢɥɢ ɥɸɞɢ ɩɹɬɶɞɟ- ɫɹɬ, ɫɬɨ ɥɟɬ ɧɚɡɚɞ, ɤɚɤ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɟɥɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ, ɫɟɥɚ, ɨɞɟɠɞɚ, ɞɨɦɚ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɩɪɟɞ- ɤɨɜ. Ȼɟɫɫɩɨɪɧɨ, ɭ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ 3–4 ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɩɵɬ, ɧɨ ɭɱɚɳɢɣɫɹ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɟ ɡɧɚɥ ɨɛ ɢɫ- ɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ! Ɋɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɱɢɬɚɥ ɤɧɢɝɢ, ɫɦɨɬɪɟɥ ɮɢɥɶɦɵ, ɝɞɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɟ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɧɚɪɨɞɚ. Ⱦɟɬɢ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɛɟɫɟɞɨɜɚɥ ɨ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɦ ɫ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɛɚɛɭɲɤɚɦɢ, ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ. ȼɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɨɩɵɬ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ. ɋɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɭɱɚɳɢɣɫɹ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧ ɦɭɥɶɬ-

242 ɮɢɥɶɦɚɦɢ, ɫɤɚɡɤɚɦɢ, ɤɧɢɝɚɦɢ, ɝɞɟ ɜɫɟ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɨ ɤ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟ- ɫɬɜɚ. ȼɫɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɝɟɪɨɢ – ɷɬɨ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɟɥɢ ɫɭɩɟɪɫɢɥɵ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɡ ɛɭ- ɞɭɳɟɝɨ. ɋɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɫɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɢɥɶɦɨɜ, ɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɧɟ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ. Ʉ ɬɨɦɭ ɠɟ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɨɬɦɟ- ɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɢɥɶɦɵ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɧɬɚɫɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɦɵɫɥɚ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɨɥɶ ɩɟɞɚ- ɝɨɝɚ, ɤɚɤ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ, ɚ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ. ɂ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɭ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨ- ɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ ɭ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ. ȼ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɲɤɨɥ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟ- ɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɵ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɱɟ- ɫɤɢɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ: ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ, ɝɨɪɨɞɚ, ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ- ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɦɹɬɧɢɤɨɜ Ʉɭɡɛɚɫɫɚ ɢ ɞɪ. ɇɚɲɚ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɜɵɛɪɚɥɚ ɧɟ ɫɬɚɧ- ɞɚɪɬɧɵɣ ɩɭɬɶ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɭ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ «ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɢɫɬɨ- ɪɢɸ», ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɤ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɡɜɟɧɟ ɢ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɭ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɨɫɜɚɢɜɚɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɟ- ɦɵ, ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɤɭɪɫ «Ɉɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɣ ɦɢɪ». Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ 3–4 ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɫɬɜɨ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɫ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɡɧɚɧɢ- ɟɦ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɷɬɚɩɚɦɢ. ȼ 3 ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɪɟɛɹɬɚ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɹɬɫɹ ɫ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɟɣ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɭɤɨɣ, ɫ ɟɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɭɱɚɬɫɹ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨ- ɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ, ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟ. ȼ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɧɚɱɢ- ɧɚɸɬ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɟɥɢɤɢɯ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɟɣ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɜɟɞɟɬ ɧɟ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ, ɚ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɢɤ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɦɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɜɥɚɞɟɸɳɢɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɨɣ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɬɨ- ɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨ «ɩɨɝɪɭɡɢɬɶ» ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɧɟɨɛ- ɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɧɢɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɦ ɩɨɬɨ- ɤɨɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ: ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɭɥɶɬɮɢɥɶɦɵ, ɬɟɥɟɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ, ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚ- ɸɳɢɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ, ɤɪɭɠɤɢ ɢ ɞɪ. ɒɤɨɥɶɧɢɤ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɠɟɧ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧ- ɧɵɦ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɦ ɢ ɜɫɟ ɱɚɳɟ ɡɚɞɚɟɬ ɫɟɛɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ: «Ɂɚɱɟɦ ɦɧɟ ɷɬɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ?». ɂ ɜɨɬ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɚ ɪɨɥɶ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ, ɬ. ɤ. ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɨɧ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɪɚɡɴɹɫɧɢɬɶ ɪɟɛɟɧ- ɤɭ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ- ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɨɬɢɜɵ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɟ «ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɸ» ɹ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸ ɫ ɪɚɡɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɨɥɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ 243 ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ. ɇɚ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɯ ɢɡ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɪɟɛɹɬ, ɦɵ ɩɨɡɧɚɟɦ ɡɧɚɱɢ- ɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. ɂ ɤɚɠɞɨɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɟ ɹ ɫɬɚɪɚɸɫɶ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɢɬɶ ɭ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɵɦ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɱɟɬɟ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶ- ɧɢɤɚ [2]. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ-ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɢɤ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɣ ɫ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɦɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢ- ɤɚɦɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɪɨɣɬɢ ɤɭɪɫɵ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ. Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɬɨ- ɪɢɢ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɧɟ ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ. Ɉɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ ɩɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɹ ɭɞɟɥɹɸ ɢɝɪɨɜɨɣ ɞɟ- ɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜɢɤɬɨɪɢɧɚɦ, ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɦɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɭ, ɜɢɞɟɨɭɪɨɤɚɦ ɢ ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢ- ɹɦ. Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɢɧɢɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ. Ɉɫɨɛɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɩɟ- ɞɚɝɨɝ. Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ ɩɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɧɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤ, ɚ ɷɦɨɰɢɨ- ɧɚɥɶɧɵ ɢ ɤɪɚɫɨɱɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɷɬɭ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨɣ ɢ ɭɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ ɦɵ ɫ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɦ, ɪɚɫɫɭɠɞɚɟɦ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦ, ɞɭɦɚɟɦ, ɩɪɟɜɪɚ- ɳɚɹ ɭɪɨɤ ɜ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɟ. Ɋɟɛɹɬɚ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɦ ɪɚɛɨ- ɬɚɸɬ ɫ ɜɢɞɟɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɢ, ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɹɦɢ, ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɜ ɪɨɥɟɜɵɟ ɢɝɪɵ ɢ ɜɢɤ- ɬɨɪɢɧɵ. ɇɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɨɦ ɧɟ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɰɟɥɢ ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢ- ɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɚɬ ɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɜ. «Ɉɩɵɬ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɧɚɫ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢ- ɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɦɭ» [3]. ȼ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸ ɞɜɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ: 1. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɤ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɭ. 2. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɟɪɜɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɣ ɧɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɭɪɫɟ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɸ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɚ – ɜɨɬ ɤ ɱɟɦɭ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɶɫɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ. Ⱥ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɫɜɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ... Ɇɥɚɞɲɢɟ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɨɫɟɳɚɸɬ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ «ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɸ», ɱɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɢɦ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɨɫɜɚɢɜɚɬɶ ɢɫ- ɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɟɦɵ ɩɨ ɤɭɪɫɭ «Ɉɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɣ ɦɢɪ». ɍɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫ- ɫɨɜ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɢ ɪɟɛɹɬɚ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɭɫɜɚɢɜɚɸɬ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɚɤ- ɬɢɜɧɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ, ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɜɪɟɦɟ- ɧɢ. ɉɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ, ɢɡɭɱɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɨɩɟ- ɞɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɭɪɫ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɧɚ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ, ɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɨɫɜɚɢɜɚɸɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɩɨ ɤɭɪɫɭ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɡɜɟɧɨ ɲɤɨɥɵ.

244 Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. ɋɬɭɞɟɧɢɤɢɧ, Ɇ. Ɍ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ / Ɇ. Ɍ. ɋɬɭɞɟɧɤɢɧ, ȼ. ɂ. Ⱦɨɛɪɨɥɸɛɨɜɚ. – Ɇ.: ȼɥɚɞɨɫ, 2004. – 256 ɫ. 2. ɋɚɩɥɢɧɚ, ȿ. ȼ. ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ] / ȿ. ȼ. ɋɚɩɥɢɧɚ // ɉɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ: ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɦɟ- ɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ, 2008. – Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: http://pish.ru/blog/archives/144. 3. ɀɭɪɚɜɥɟɜɚ, Ɉ. ɉɪɨɩɟɞɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɭɪɫ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ: ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ, 9 ɚɩɪɟɥɹ 2014// ɂɋɌɈɊɂə.ɊɎ [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]. – Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: https://histrf.ru/uchenim/otkritoe- obsuzhdenie/post-288

ɍȾɄ 373.3 ɇ. Ɏ. Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɨɜɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 82», ɝ. Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɨ E-mail: [email protected]

ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɎȽɈɋ ɇɈɈ

ɋɬɚɬɶɹ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ.

ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ.

N. F. Maksimova, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «General Education School ʋ 82», the city of Kemerovo E-mail: [email protected]

The system of assessing expected results of primary school children under the requirements of Federal Standard for Primary general Education

The article is devoted to the topical issue of the impact of Federal Educational Standard on the development of the child’s personality.

Universal educational actions, education, assessment system.

245 ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞ- ɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ. Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɢ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɨɛ- ɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɟɪɟɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɰɟɥɟɣ, ɡɚɞɚɱ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ- ɧɢɹ. ɇɚɲɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɚɛɢɪɚɟɬ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɵ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ, ɱɬɨ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɥɸɞɟɣ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɬɟɦɩɨɦ, ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨ- ɞɢɦɨ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡ ɩɟɪɟɭɱɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ, ɨɜɥɚɞɟɜɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɹɦɢ. ɇɟɩɪɟ- ɪɵɜɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. ɒɤɨɥɚ ɞɚɜɧɨ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ. Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ, ɨɛɨɛɳɟ- ɧɢɢ, ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɭɜɹɡɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɫ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɩɵɬɨɦ ɪɟ- ɛɟɧɤɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ. ɉɨɬɨɦɭ ɤɚɤ ɛɟɡ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɦɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ, ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɮɨɪɦ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ. ȼɨɬ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ, ɢ ɤɚɠ- ɞɵɣ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɬ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɶ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ- ɧɵɣ ɩɨɢɫɤ, ɜ ɬɪɭɞ ɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ: ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɚɤɬɢɜ- ɧɨ, ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɛɵɜɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɭ, ɜɨ- ɜɥɟɤɚɸɬ ɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣ- ɫɬɜɢɣ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶ ɝɥɚɜɧɭɸ ɰɟɥɶ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ. Ȼɥɢɡɤɢɦɢ ɩɨ ɡɧɚɱɟ- ɧɢɸ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɸ «ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ» ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ «ɨɛ- ɳɟɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ», «ɨɛɳɟɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ», «ɨɛɳɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ», «ɧɚɞɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ». Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɞɟɠ- ɧɵɣ ɩɭɬɶ ɤɚɪɞɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. Ʉɚɤ ɝɥɚɫɢɬ ɢɡ- ɜɟɫɬɧɚɹ ɩɪɢɬɱɚ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɚɤɨɪɦɢɬɶ ɝɨɥɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɣɦɚɬɶ ɪɵ- ɛɭ ɢ ɧɚɤɨɪɦɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ. Ⱥ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɢɬɶ ɢɧɚɱɟ – ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶ ɥɨɜɢɬɶ ɪɵɛɭ, ɢ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɧɚɭɱɢɜɲɢɣɫɹ ɪɵɛɧɨɣ ɥɨɜɥɟ, ɭɠɟ ɧɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɨɫɬɚɧɟɬɫɹ ɝɨ- ɥɨɞɧɵɦ. ɗɬɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɨɬ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɪɚ- ɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ, ɝɞɟ ɰɚɪɢɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨ-ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɸ. ɍɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɬ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ ɤ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɬɟɦɵ, ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɢɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɢɳɟɬ ɩɭɬɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟ- ɧɢɹ ɜ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɭɱɟɛɭ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ. ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ – ɷɬɨ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɪɚɡ- ɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɟ- ɝɨɫɹ, ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɸ ɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦɢ, ɨɫɜɨ- ɟɧɢɸ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ, ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ. ɑɬɨ ɠɟ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɍɍȾ ɩɨ ɎȽɈɋ, ɝɨɜɨɪɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ? ɗɬɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸ- ɳɢɟ «ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ». ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ: Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɹ: 246 – ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɰɟɥɢ; – ɩɨɢɫɤ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɟɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ; – ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ. ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɟɟ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɨɫɧɨɜ- ɧɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɚ: 1) ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ; 2) ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɵɟ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɸ; 3) ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɡɧɚɤɨɜɨ- ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ; 4) ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. Ʌɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɧɨ-ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɭɸ ɨɪɢɟɧ- ɬɚɰɢɸ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ (ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɢ ɢ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ ɫ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɦɢ ɷɬ- ɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɦɢ, ɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɪɚɜ- ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɚɫɩɟɤɬ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ) ɢ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɸ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɨɥɹɯ ɢ ɦɟɠɥɢɱ- ɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ. Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɫɜɨ- ɟɣ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɨɛɳɟɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ, ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ. Ʉɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ – ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɨɦɩɟ- ɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɭɱɟɬ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɨɜ ɩɨ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɸ ɢɥɢ ɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ; ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɶ ɢ ɜɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɜ ɞɢɚɥɨɝ; ɭɱɚɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɤɨɥɥɟɤ- ɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ; ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɭ ɫɜɟɪɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɢ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɨ ɫɜɟɪɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɦɢ. Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɍɍȾ Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɍɍȾ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ: ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ; ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɍɍȾ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ, ɩɪɨɩɢɫɚɧ- ɧɵɦ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ; ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɨɥɧɨɬɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɭɦɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ; ɤɪɢɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ. ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ – ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɤ ɫɚɦɨ- ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɫɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ; ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨ- ɫɹ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɟɝɨ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɭɸ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɨɦɩɟ- ɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ, ɬɨɥɟɪɚɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɸ ɧɨ- ɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ

247 ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ «ɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ», ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ, ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɨɛ- ɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɨɞɝɨ- ɬɨɜɤɢ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɈɈɉ ɇɈɈ (ɞɚɥɟɟ – ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ) ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɢɧɫɬɪɭ- ɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ ɤ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɈɈɉ ɇɈɈ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚ- ɝɚɟɬ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɛɭ- ɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ. ɂɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ, ɷɬɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨ- ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ, ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɦ ɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɩɨ ɩɨ- ɜɨɞɭ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɯ: Ɉɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ. ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɷɬɚɩɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ (ɫɬɚɪɬɨɜɨɟ, ɬɟɤɭɳɟɟ) ɢ ɫɪɟɡɨɜɨɟ (ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ, ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɟ, ɢɬɨɝɨ- ɜɨɟ) ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ. Ɉɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ. Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ, ɫɨɨɬ- ɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɦ ɰɟɥɹɦ. Ɉɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɟɝɨ ɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ. Ɉɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɨ, ɱɟɦɭ ɭɱɚɬ. Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɜɵɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɢɡ- ɜɟɫɬɧɵ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚɦ, ɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɫɹ. Ɉɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɜɢɞɚɦɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ: ɫɬɚɪɬɨɜɵɣ (ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ) ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ. Ɉɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ (ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɜ). ɇɨɫɢɬ ɞɢɚ- ɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ. ɐɟɥɶ ɫɬɚɪɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ: ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɱɚɥɶ- ɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɭ ɧɟɝɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɧɢ- ɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ; ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɢ, ɩɨɥɭɝɨɞɢɹ; ɢɬɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ; ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨ- ɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ (ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ) ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ (ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ).

248 Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ: ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ – ɩɨɨɳɪɹɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɟ- ɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɟɺ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟ; ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ – ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɬɟɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ; ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ – ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɫɚɦɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɭɸ ɫɚɦɨ- ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ; ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ – ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɟɧɢ- ɤɚ ɜ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ, ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦɢ, ɭɦɟ- ɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɯ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɦ ɧɚ ɎȽɈɋ ɇɈɈ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɥɢɱ- ɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ, ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ, ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɭɱɚ- ɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ- ɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ. ɗɬɨ ɧɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɩɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦ, ɚ ɨɛ- ɳɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɦ – ɟɝɨ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ, ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ. ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝ ɫɜɨɞɢɬ ɜɫɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ. ȼɫɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɯ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɧɹ- ɬɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɟɦɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ. ɇɭɠɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɧɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬ, ɡɚ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɫɬɚ- ɜɢɥɢ ɬɚɤɭɸ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɭɸ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɭ. ȼɚɠɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɰɟ- ɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ «ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɳɟɣ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɫɪɟɞɟ». ɗɬɨ: ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɚ; ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɟ; ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ; ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ; ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ. Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧ- ɧɵɟ ɭ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɬɪɢ ɨɫ- ɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɚ: ɫɚɦɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ – ɤɚɤ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɨɛɭ- ɱɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ – ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ɢ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɨɥɢ; ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɤ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚ ɝɨɪ- ɞɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɫɜɨɸ Ɋɨɞɢɧɭ, ɧɚɪɨɞ, ɢɫɬɨɪɢɸ ɢ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ; ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɚɦɨɭɜɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɟɛɹ ɢ ɫɜɨɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ, ɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɫɥɚɛɵɟ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ; ɫɦɵɫɥɨɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ – ɩɨɢɫɤ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɦɵɫɥɚ (ɬ. ɟ. «ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɛɹ») ɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɨɬɢɜɨɜ; ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɝɪɚ- 249 ɧɢɰ ɬɨɝɨ, «ɱɬɨ ɹ ɡɧɚɸ», ɢ ɬɨɝɨ, «ɱɬɨ ɹ ɧɟ ɡɧɚɸ», «ɧɟɡɧɚɧɢɹ» ɢ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɸ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚ; ɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ – ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɫɜɨɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɯ. Ɉɛɴɟɤɬ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ – ɤɚɤ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧ- ɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɹɞɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɵɯ, ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ, ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɍɍȾ (ɚɧɚ- ɥɢɡ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ): ɚ) ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɬɶ ɭɱɟɛɧɭɸ ɰɟɥɶ; ɛ) ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɨɫɬɚɜ- ɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ; ɜ) ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ; ɝ) ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɢɫɤ, ɫɛɨɪ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ; ɞ) ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡ, ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ. Ⱦɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɨɫ- ɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ - ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɚ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚ- ɧɢɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ. Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɚ- ɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ- ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ. Ɉɰɟɧɤɚ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɜɟɞɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɝɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɬɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ. ȼ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ- ɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ – ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɢɬɨ- ɝɨɜɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. Ɋɟɡɸɦɢɪɭɸ ɜɫɟ ɜɵɲɟɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ, ɱɬɨ ɧɨɜɢɡɧɚ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɍɍȾ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ: – ɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɢɫɶ ɰɟɥɟɜɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ (ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɭ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠ- ɞɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ); – ɩɨɹɜɢɥɚɫɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨ- ɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɈɈɉ; – ɢɡ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɜɫɟɡɧɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɪɚɤɭɥɚ, ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɚɧɬɚ ɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɝɭ ɩɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɞɨɛɵɜɚɧɢɸ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ; – ɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɚɫɶ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɢɡ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ- ɧɨɫɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ; 250 – ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ; – ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ (ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɤɨɜ, ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ); – ɫɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ; – ɰɟɥɟɩɨɥɚɝɚɧɢɟ (ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ, ɧɨ ɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦɢ); – ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ (ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ- ɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɦ). ȼɫɟ ɷɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ «ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬɚ» ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɯɨ- ɞɟ ɢɡ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. ɋɢɞɨɪɨɜɚ, ɂ. ȼ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨ- ɤɚɯ ɢ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɂ. ȼ. ɋɢɞɨɪɨɜɚ, Ⱥ. ȼ. Ⱥɧɚɧɶ- ɟɜɚ. // Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ: ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬ. – 2011. – ʋ 1. – ɋ. 32–35. 2. Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ- ɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ɇ-ɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɭɤɢ Ɋɨɫ. Ɏɟ- ɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ. – Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 2010. 3. Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ- ɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]: ɉɪɢɤɚɡ Ɇɢɧɨɛɪɧɚɭɤɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɨɬ 06.10.2009 ʋ 373. – Ɋɟ- ɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: www.standart.edu.ru.

ɍȾɄ 373.31 Ɉ. ɉ. Ɇɚɧɭɣɥɨɜɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 32», Ȼɟɥɨɜɫɤɢɣ ȽɈ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]

Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ

Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɍɍȾ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɸ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɢɞɟɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ. Ɉɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɫɚɦ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɯɨɬɟɬɶ ɞɨɛɵɜɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ. ɍɱɢɬɟɥɸ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɪɚɡ- ɜɢɬɢɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ, ɟɝɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ.

ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɍɱɟɛɧɵɟ Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ- ɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ, ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɪɨɥɶ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ. 251 O. P. Manuylova, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «General Education school ʋ 32», the city of Belovo, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]

Topical teaching issues in the implementation of Federal Educational Standard for Primary General Education

The implementation of the programme for the formation of universal educational actions in primary school is the key task of introducing a new educational standard. The modern teacher must correctly perceive new ideas of educational standard. The learners should be motivated to obtain knowledge themselves. The teacher has to ensure the development of the childҲs personality, his/her individual abilities.

Universal educational actions, universal learning skills, Federal Standard for Primary General Education, learnerތs profile, the quality of education, the role of the teacher.

«ɋɪɟɞɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɛɨɤɨɜɵɯ ɬɪɨɩɢɧɨɤ, ɫɨɤɪɚɳɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɭɬɶ ɤ ɡɧɚɧɢɸ, ɧɚɦ ɧɭɠɧɟɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɨɞɧɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɛɵ ɧɚɭɱɢɥɚ ɧɚɫ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɭ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɬɶ «ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ» ɀ.-ɀ. Ɋɭɫɫɨ

ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɦ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɧɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɨɥɶ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ. ɋɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɸ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨ- ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ, ɫɟɦɟɣɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɸ – ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɢɞɟɢ ɫɬɚɧ- ɞɚɪɬɨɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɬɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɺɦɵ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɪɟ- ɲɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɟ. ɋɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɦɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶ- ɤɨ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ ɱɢɬɚɬɶ, ɩɢɫɚɬɶ, ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɢɜɢɬɶ ɟɦɭ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ. Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɍɍȾ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ – ɤɥɸɱɟɜɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ. ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢ- ɜɚɟɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɨɫɜɨɢɜɲɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ [3]. Ɉɧ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɍɍȾ – ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɭ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ. ɍɱɢ- ɬɟɥɶ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɭɱɢɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚ- ɰɢɸ, ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɣ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɢɦɢ ɟɺ ɰɟɥɟɜɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɧɨ- ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ. Ɇɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ ɤ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɸ, ɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ. 252 ɉɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɎȽɈɋ ɇɈɈ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɰɟɥɢ, ɩɵɬɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɭɬɢ ɢɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚ- ɰɢɢ, ɭɦɟɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟ- ɧɢɹɦ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ. ɇɚ ɦɨɣ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨ- ɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɤɚɤ: – ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ; – ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨ-ɞɢɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ; – ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ; – ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ; – ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ; – ɢɝɪɨɜɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɞɪ. ɉɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɱɧɨ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɬ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɭɪɨ- ɤɟ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɵɦ, ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ. Ɉɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɦɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɢɯ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɭɬɺɦ ɫɨɡɧɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɭ ɭɱɟɧɢ- ɤɨɜ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ, ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ, ɪɟɝɭ- ɥɹɬɢɜɧɵɟ, ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ, ɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨ ɟɺ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ, ɜɥɚɞɟɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɣ ɞɟ- ɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ. ȼɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɚɹ ɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɜɟɞɭɳɟɣ. Ɉɫɨɛɚɹ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɨɬɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ ɠɟ, ɭɱɢɬɟɥɸ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɨɧ ɝɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɞɜɢɠɭɳɚɹ ɫɢɥɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ [1]. ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɜɥɚɞɟɬɶ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɦɢ, ɭɦɟɬɶ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɤ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟ- ɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɣ ɞɟɬɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜ. Ɉɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɫɚɦ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɡɚɯɨ- ɬɟɬɶ ɞɨɛɵɜɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɭ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɩɨɡɧɚ- ɧɢɢ. ɗɬɨɦɭ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɨ- ɡɞɚɺɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ. ɍɱɢɬɟɥɸ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɬɚɤ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɭɪɨɤ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɥɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭ- ɚɰɢɣ, ɢɫɤɚɥɢ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ. ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨɦ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɸ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟ- ɥɹ, ɭɱɢɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ, ɢɫɤɚɬɶ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ. Ⱥ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɡ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɶ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɤ ɢɯ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ. Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɜ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ 253 ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɸ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɬɜɨɪ- ɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ. ɇɢ ɨɞɢɧ ɭɪɨɤ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟ ɨɛɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɛɟɡ ɢɝɪɨɜɵɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ. ɂɝɪɨɜɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɚ ɢ ɛɥɢɡɤɚ ɞɟɬɹɦ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɚ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ, ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ ɤ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɸ. Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɹɦɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ ɲɤɨɥɵ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɹ ɫɥɚ- ɠɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɎȽɈɋ ɇɈɈ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɜɵ- ɲɟɧɢɸ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɛɵ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɥɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. ȼ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɯ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɚɧ ɩɨɪɬɪɟɬ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɢɤɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ [4]: – ɥɸɛɹɳɢɣ ɫɜɨɣ ɧɚɪɨɞ, ɫɜɨɣ ɤɪɚɣ, ɫɜɨɸ Ɋɨɞɢɧɭ; – ɭɜɚɠɚɸɳɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɣ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɟɦɶɢ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ; – ɥɸɛɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ, ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɸɳɢɣ ɦɢɪ; – ɜɥɚɞɟɸɳɢɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɦɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɣ ɤ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ; – ɝɨɬɨɜɵɣ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɬɶ ɡɚ ɫɜɨɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɫɟɦɶɺɣ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ; – ɞɨɛɪɨɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ, ɭɦɟɸɳɢɣ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɶ ɢ ɫɥɵɲɚɬɶ ɫɨɛɟɫɟɞɧɢɤɚ, ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɸ ɢ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɺ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ; – ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɛɹ ɢ ɨɤɪɭ- ɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ ɠɢɡɧɢ. ɇɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɜɫɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɵ, ɹ ɞɭɦɚɸ, ɩɟɪɟɲɥɢ ɪɚ- ɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɧɨɜɵɦ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɦ. Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬ ɧɵɧɟɲɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ – ɷɬɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɵ ɜɫɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɵ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɫɬɚ- ɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɭ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɫɜɨ- ɛɨɞɵ ɢ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɤ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɪɚɜ- ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɢ. ɋɚɦɨɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɨɫɶ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ, ɞɟɥɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɧ ɞɨɜɟɪɹɥ ɢ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɬɨɜɚɪɢɳɚɦ, ɢ ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɸ [2]. ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ ɠɟ, ɧɟ ɬɟɪɹɟɬ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɨɥɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ, ɧɨ ɨɧ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɨ- ɡɧɚɧɢɹ. ɂ, ɫɚɦɨɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ, ɷɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ, ɩɨɡɧɚ- ɜɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɧɨɜɨɟ, ɢɡɭɱɚɬɶ ɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɹɬɶ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɭ- ɦɟɬɶ ɡɚɠɟɱɶ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɫɜɨɺɦ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɟ ɠɚɠɞɭ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɠɟ- ɥɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɛɹ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɱɟɝɨ-ɬɨ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨ- ɝɨ. Ɉɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨ- ɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɟɝɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɹɦ, ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɞɚɪɺɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɢɦ ɜ ɢɯ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭ- ɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɪɟɛɺɧɨɤ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢ- 254 ɜɚɬɶɫɹ. ɗɬɨ ɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɬɟ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɭɦɟɬɶ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɣ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɎȽɈɋ ɇɈɈ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ȼɭɞɚɧɨɜɚ, Ɉ. ȼ. ɉɭɬɟɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɤ ɧɨɜɨɦɭ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɭ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ɉ. ȼ. Ȼɭɞɚɧɨɜɚ // Ɂɚɜɭɱ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ. – 2013. – ʋ 4. – ɋ. 3–24. 2. Ʉɨɫɢɤɨɜɚ, Ʌ. ȼ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɭɧɢɜɟɪ- ɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɭ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ʌ. ȼ. Ʉɨɫɢ- ɤɨɜɚ // ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. – 2014. – ʋ 2. – ɋ. 114–121. 3. ɉɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 2010. 4. ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ // Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪ- ɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɊɎ. – Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 2012. – 31 ɫ.

ɍȾɄ 373.3 Ɉ. ȼ. Ɇɨɫɬɨɤɚɥɨɜɚ, ȿ. ɇ. Ɍɚɪɫɤɢɯ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «Ʌɢɰɟɣ ʋ 36», Ɉɫɢɧɧɢɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ ȽɈ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

Ʉɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ

ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ- ɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ. Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ.

Ʉɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɟ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɭɪɨɤɢ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ.

O. V. Mostokalova, E. N. Tarskikh, Municipal Budgetary General Education Institution «Lyceum ʋ 36», the city of Osinniki, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

Cognitive abilities of primary school children in the development of knowledge-based universal educational actions

The article justifies the need for the development of cognitive abilities in primary school children. Exercises aimed at the development of cognitive universal educational actions are described. 255 Cognitive skills, meta-subject universal educational actions, lessons of English.

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɶ ɭ ɧɟɝɨ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ, ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ, ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ, ɜɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɩɨ- ɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɧɟ ɜɫɟ ɲɤɨɥɶ- ɧɢɤɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɧɢɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɩɪɨ- ɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ. Ɉɞɧɚ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɧɟɭɫɩɟɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ – ɧɢɡɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɨ- ɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ. ɋɧɢɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ, ɩɥɨɯɚɹ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɢ ɞɨɥ- ɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ, ɧɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɞɭɬ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɭ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɭɫɜɚɢɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɵ [2]. Ɉɬɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨ-ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɤɨɦ- ɩɥɟɤɫ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɢ- ɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɇɈɈ. Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚ- ɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɬ.ɟ. ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ (ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɤɨ-ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɟ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ). ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɍɆɄ ɩɨ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɭɩɪɚɠ- ɧɟɧɢɣ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ. ɇɚ ɭɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ- ɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɪɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɢɝɪ. ɇɚɜɵɤɢ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɢɥɟɣ ɢ ɠɚɧɪɨɜ ɮɨɪ- ɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɦɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦɢ ɍɆɄ. Ɉɧɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɢɤɫɚɦɢ, ɨɬɤɪɵɬɤɚɦɢ, ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɦɢ, ɫɯɟɦɚɦɢ, ɞɢɚɥɨɝɚɦɢ, ɩɨɥɢɥɨɝɚɦɢ, ɫɤɚɡɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɬ. ɩ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɭɱɚɳɢɦɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ (ɦɟɧɸ, ɪɟɤɥɚɦɚ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɰɟɩɬ), ɡɚɬɟɦ ɫɨɨɬ- ɧɟɫɬɢ ɮɪɚɡɵ ɢɡ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ ɫ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɦɢ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɚɦɢ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɦɥɚɞɲɢɟ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɨɧɢ ɭɱɚɬɫɹ ɩɪɨ- ɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɩɨ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɣ, ɤ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɹɦ ɩɨɞ- ɛɢɪɚɸɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɚɛɡɚɰɵ, ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɨɡɚɝɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɬɟɤɫɬ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɨɬɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɤ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɟɤɫɬɭ, ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɩɥɚɧ ɩɟɪɟɫɤɚɡɚ ɢ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɜ ɢ ɮɪɚɡ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɡ- ɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨɧɢ ɭɱɚɬɫɹ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɧɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɟ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚ- ɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɜ ɭɫɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ. ɍɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ. ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵ 256 ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ, ɧɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɡɚ- ɩɪɚɲɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɧɧɨɦ ɬɟɤɫɬɟ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɧɭɠɧɨ ɫɨɨɬ- ɧɟɫɬɢ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɥɢɛɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɧɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ ɢ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɤɨɣ. ɍɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɸɬ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɧɚ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɤɚɯ ɢ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬ ɢɯ ɫ ɨɩɨɪɨɣ ɧɚ ɪɟɱɟɜɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ. ɉɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɦɨ- ɝɚɸɬ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɤ- ɫɬɨɜ ɢ ɨɩɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɸ ɜ ɭɫɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ. ȼɚɠɧɵ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ ɜ ɜɟɪɛɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ. Ɉɬɪɚɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɍɆɄ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɢɡɨɛɢɥɭɸɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɧɚ ɮɨɪ- ɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɤɨɜɨ- ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ (ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ, ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢ ɬ. ɩ.) ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ. ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɢɯ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɭ ɭɱɚ- ɳɢɯɫɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɜ ɥɢɧɟɣ- ɧɵɣ ɢ ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɫɬɪɨɹɬ ɪɟɱɟɜɵɟ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɨ ɤɚ- ɧɢɤɭɥɚɯ ɫ ɨɩɨɪɨɣ ɧɚ ɫɟɪɢɸ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɣ, ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟ- ɱɟɜɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɟ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɟ- ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ; ɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɧɵɣ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ; ɭɫɬɚ- ɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ; ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɜɟɪɛɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɡɧɚɤɨɜɨ-ɜɟɪɛɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɮɨɪɦɭ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ ɩɨ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ. ȼ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɫɨɛɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɋɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ, ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɍɆɄ, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɢ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɭɸɬ ɢɯ ɧɚ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɦ. ȼ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ, ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɢɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɟ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ, ɞɨɫɬɢ- ɝɚɟɦɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ «ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ»: – ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɢɯ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ, ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɭ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ, ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ɢ ɫɨ- ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ; – ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ: ɚɧɚɥɢɡ, ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ, ɫɢɧɬɟɡ, ɤɥɚɫɫɢ- ɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ; – ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɟ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ; – ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ (ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɚɧɤɟɬ, ɬɚɛɥɢɰ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɯɟɦ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ); – ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɫɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɫɚɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɢ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɢ (ɩɨ- ɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ); – ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ: ɫɚɦɨɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ, ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨ- ɨɰɟɧɤɚ, ɫɚɦɨɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɹ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ⱦɪɭɠɢɧɢɧ, ȼ. ɇ. ɗɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨ- ɛɢɟ / ȼ. ɇ. Ⱦɪɭɠɢɧɢɧ. – Ɇ.: ɂɇɎɊȺ-Ɇ, 2000.

257 2. Ⱦɭɛɪɨɜɢɧɚ, ɂ. ȼ. ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ / ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. ɂ. ȼ Ⱦɭɛɪɨɜɢɧɨɣ. – Ɇ.: Ɍɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɐɟɧɬɪ ɋɎȿɊȺ, 1997.

ɍȾɄ 373.1 ȿ. Ⱥ. ɉɨɠɢɞɚɟɜɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 1», Ȼɟɪɟɡɨɜɫɤɢɣ ȽɈ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]

Ƚɭɦɚɧɧɨ-ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɒ. Ⱥ. Ⱥɦɨɧɚɲɜɢɥɢ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ

ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɝɭɦɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɬɚɤɢɦ, ɤɚɤɨɣ ɨɧ ɟɫɬɶ, ɫɨɝɥɚɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɣ, ɜɢɞɢɬ ɜ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɟ ɟɝɨ ɛɟɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɨɫɨɡɧɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɜɟɞɟɬ, ɝɨɬɨɜɢɬ ɟɝɨ ɤ ɫɥɭɠɟ- ɧɢɸ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ.

Ƚɭɦɚɧɧɨ-ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ, ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ, ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ.

E. A. Pozhidaeva, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «General Education School ʋ 1», the city of Berezovsky, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]

Humane-personality technology by Sh. A. Amonashvili in the educational process

The article describes the principles of humane pedagogy, which accepts a child as he is, agrees with his nature, sees infinity in a person, is aware of his cosmic char- acter and prepares him to serve humanity throughout his life.

Humane-personality approach, individual approach, communication skills.

Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧ ɧɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧ- ɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɢ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧ ɨɛɟɫɩɟ- ɱɢɬɶ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɩɪɨɱɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚ- ɰɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɣ ɫɭɦɦɵ 258 ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɨɡɢɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ. ɗɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɤɚɤ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɒ. Ⱥ. Ⱥɦɨɧɚɲɜɢɥɢ «Ƚɭɦɚɧɧɨ-ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤ ɞɟɬɹɦ ɜ ɨɛɪɚ- ɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ». ȼ ɦɨɟɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɒɚɥɜɚ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɚɧɞɪɨɜɢɱ Ⱥɦɨɧɚ- ɲɜɢɥɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦ ɢɞɟɚɥɨɦ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɹ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɸɫɶ. ɋɭɞɶɛɚ ɩɨɞɚɪɢɥɚ ɦɧɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɭ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɭɞɢɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɢ ɩɪɨɲɥɨ 15 ɥɟɬ, ɨɬɤɪɵɜ ɤɧɢɝɢ Ⱥɦɨɧɚɲɜɢɥɢ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ, ɹ ɩɨɧɹɥɚ, ɱɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɝɭɦɚɧɧɨ-ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɟ ɭɫɬɚɪɟɥɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɥɚ ɧɨɜɨɟ ɫɜɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ. ɒ. Ⱥ. Ⱥɦɨɧɚɲɜɢɥɢ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɝɭɦɚɧɧɚɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɚ «ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɬɚɤɢɦ, ɤɚɤɨɣ ɨɧ ɟɫɬɶ, ɫɨɝɥɚɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɣ. Ɉɧɚ ɜɢɞɢɬ ɜ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɟ ɟɝɨ ɛɟɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɨɫɨɡɧɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɫɦɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɜɟɞɟɬ, ɝɨɬɨɜɢɬ ɟɝɨ ɤ ɫɥɭɠɟɧɢɸ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ. Ɉɧɚ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚ- ɟɬ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɟ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɨɥɢ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬ ɩɟɞɚ- ɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɭɱɢ- ɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɥɸɛɨɜɶ, ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɦ, ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɚɹ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɉɧɚ ɩɨ- ɨɳɪɹɟɬ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɩɪɢɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɤ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɢɫɤɭɫ- ɫɬɜɭ. Ƚɭɦɚɧɧɨɟ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɫɹ ɨɛɴɹɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɴɹɬɧɨɟ, ɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɢɥɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɪɨɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɧɟɞɪɚɯ». Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɢɞɟɹɦɢ ɝɭɦɚɧɧɨ-ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ: – ȼɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɟɟ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɹ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɸ ɢ ɫɨɡɢɞɚɧɢɸ ɜ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɟ ɱɟɪɬ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜ ɛɥɚɝɨɪɨɞɫɬɜɚ. – Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɢ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ, ɟɟ ɞɜɢɠɭɳɢɯ ɫɢɥɚɯ, ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɧɚɦɢ, ɤɚɤ ɫɬɢɯɢɣɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɪɟɦ- ɥɟɧɢɹ, ɫɬɪɚɫɬɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɢ ɤ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ, ɜɡɪɨɫɥɟ- ɧɢɸ, ɫɜɨɛɨɞɟ. ȼɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɫɚɦɨɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ – ɟɫɬɶ ɜɟɞɭɳɚɹ ɰɟɥɶ ɝɭɦɚɧɧɨ-ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. ɋɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɸ ɜ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɩɭ- ɬɟɦ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜ. Ɉɛɥɚɝɨɪɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɭɲɢ ɢ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɥ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ. Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ: – ɥɸɛɢɬɶ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ (ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɢɡɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɞɨɛɪɨɬɭ ɢ ɥɸɛɨɜɶ, ɛɟɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɶ ɝɭɦɚɧɧɭɸ ɞɭɲɭ ɜ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɟ); – ɨɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɪɟɞɭ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɠɢɜɟɬ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ (ɧɢ ɨɞɧɚ ɫɮɟɪɚ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɚɬɶ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ, ɪɨɠɞɚɬɶ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɫɬɪɚɯ, ɧɟɭɜɟɪɟɧ- 259 ɧɨɫɬɶ, ɭɧɵɧɢɟ, ɭɧɢɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ; ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɜɧɟɫɬɢ ɹɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨ ɜɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɫɮɟɪɵ, ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɯ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ); – ɩɪɨɠɢɬɶ ɜ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɟ ɫɜɨɟ ɞɟɬɫɬɜɨ (ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɪɟ- ɛɟɧɤɚ, ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɟɝɨ ɞɭɲɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɨɝɞɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɨɡɧɚɟɬ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɫɟɛɟ). ɍɪɨɤ – ɜɟɞɭɳɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ (ɚ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ), ɜɛɢɪɚɸɳɚɹ ɜɫɸ ɢ ɫɩɨɧɬɚɧɧɭɸ, ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɞɟɬɟɣ. ɍɪɨɤ- ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ, ɭɪɨɤ-ɢɝɪɚ, ɭɪɨɤ-ɪɚɞɨɫɬɶ, ɭɪɨɤ-ɬɪɭɞ, ɭɪɨɤ-ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚ, ɭɪɨɤ-ɠɢɡɧɶ, ɭɪɨɤ-ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɤ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɝɭɦɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɝɭɦɚɧɢɡ- ɦɟ, ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɟ ɤ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɭ, ɜ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɟ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ- ɜɚɧɢɢ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɚ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɹ ɫɬɚɪɚɸɫɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡ- ɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɬɪɟɦɥɸɫɶ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧ- ɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɭɸ ɠɢɡɧɶ, ɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɫɬɢɥɶ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɨ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɢɯ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ. ɒ. Ⱥ. Ⱥɦɨɧɚɲɜɢɥɢ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ. ɇɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɸ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ, ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɢ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɨ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɞɧɟɜɧɢɤɨɜ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ. ȼɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɞɟɬɶɦɢ ɱɢɬɚɸɬ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧ- ɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬ ɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬ ɨɬɡɵɜ ɨ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɧɧɨɦ ɜ ɞɧɟɜɧɢɤ ɫ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɦɟɬɤɨɣ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɦɟɧɹ (ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ) ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ ɢɧ- ɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɦ ɢɥɢ ɱɟɦɭ ɭɱɢɬ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ. ɑɟɦ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɟɟ ɫɬɚɧɨ- ɜɢɬɫɹ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ, ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɞɧɟɜɧɢɤɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɬ- ɫɬɜɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɸ. ȼ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɹ ɜɟɞɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɧɟɜɧɢɤɚ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɹ, ɫɥɟɠɭ ɡɚ ɤɪɭɝɨɦ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɪɟɤɨ- ɦɟɧɞɭɸ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɝɨɞɚ ɩɨɞɜɨɞɢɦ ɢɬɨɝ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟ- ɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɦɟɞɚɥɹɦɢ, ɝɪɚɦɨɬɚɦɢ. ȿɳɟ ɨɞɢɧ ɜɢɞ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ – ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ. ə ɩɨɞɛɢɪɚɸ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɞɟɬɢ ɧɟ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɛɟɪɭɬ ɜ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɟ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ Ʌɚɝɟɪɥɺɮ, Ʌɶɸɢɫ, ɑɚɪɫɤɭɸ ɫɤɚɡɤɢ-ɩɨɜɟɫɬɢ, ɹ ɱɢɬɚɸ ɷɬɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɥɭɯ, ɚ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɫɦɚɬ- ɪɢɜɚɟɦ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɩɥɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ, ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɮɢɥɶɦ, ɢɥɢ ɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɫɩɟɤ- ɬɚɤɥɶ ɢ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɟɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɟɦ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɧɧɨɟ. ɋɚɦɵɣ ɥɭɱɲɢɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɹ ɜɢɠɭ, ɥɢɛɨ ɜ ɞɧɟɜɧɢɤɚɯ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɹ, ɥɢɛɨ ɧɚ ɩɚɪɬɟ ɭ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ. Ⱦɟɬɢ ɫɬɪɟɦɹɬɫɹ ɜɩɟ- ɪɟɞ ɧɚɫ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ, ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ. Ɇɨɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɵɦɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɝɨɪɨɞ- ɫɤɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ. ȿɳɟ ɨɞɧɚ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚ ɝɭɦɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɢ ɦɟɧɹ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɟɬ, ɢ ɹ ɪɚɡɜɢ- ɜɚɸ ɟɟ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ: ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɪɟɥɢɝɢ- ɨɡɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɢ ɫɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɷɬɢɤɢ: ɤɭɪɫɚ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ 1 ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɩɪɚɜɨ- 260 ɫɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ. Ɇɵ ɜɟɞɟɦ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪ ɫ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɢ ɢɯ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɨ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɣ ɢ ɰɟɧɧɨ- ɫɬɟɣ (Ⱦɭɯ, Ⱦɭɲɚ, ɋɟɪɞɰɟ, Ȼɥɚɝɨ, Ʌɸɛɨɜɶ, ɀɢɡɧɶ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.) ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ: ɛɟɫɟɞɵ, ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɢ, ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱ, ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɤɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɢ ɞɟɬɢ, ɢ ɢɯ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ. ȼ 2017 ɝɨɞɭ ɦɨɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɚ ɛɥɚɝɨ- ɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɢɫɶɦɨɦ Ƚɥɚɜɨɣ Ʉɭɡɛɚɫɫɤɨɣ ɦɢɬɪɨɩɨɥɢɢ Ⱥɪɢɫɬɚɪɯɨɦ «Ɂɚ ɬɪɭɞɵ ɜɨ ɫɥɚɜɭ Ɋɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɫɥɚɜɧɨɣ ɰɟɪɤɜɢ ɜ Ʉɭɡɛɚɫɫɟ». Ɂɚɤɨɧɱɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɫɬɚɬɶɸ ɹ ɯɨɬɟɥɚ ɛɵ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɒ. Ⱥ. Ⱥɦɨɧɚɲɜɢɥɢ ɢɡ ɤɧɢɝɢ «Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɝɭɦɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɢ. ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɦɮɨɧɢɹ»: «ɋɩɨɫɨɛ- ɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɟɧɢɸ Ɋɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɫ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɫɢɥɚɦɢ – ɡɧɚɱɢɬ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɞɟɬɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɞɨɫɬɧɵɦ, ɭɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ, ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɦ».

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ⱥɦɨɧɚɲɜɢɥɢ, ɒ. Ⱥ. Ɋɚɡɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɝɭɦɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɟ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɒ. Ⱥ. Ⱥɦɨɧɚɲɜɢɥɢ. – Ɇ.: ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶcɤɢɣ Ⱦɨɦ ɒɚɥɜɵ Ⱥɦɨɧɚɲɜɢɥɢ, 2001. 2. Ⱥɦɨɧɚɲɜɢɥɢ, ɒ. Ⱥ. ɒɤɨɥɚ ɠɢɡɧɢ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɒ. Ⱥ. Ⱥɦɨɧɚɲɜɢɥɢ. – Ɇ.: ɂɡ- ɞɚɬɟɥɶcɤɢɣ Ⱦɨɦ ɒɚɥɜɵ Ⱥɦɨɧɚɲɜɢɥɢ, 2000. 3. Ⱥɦɨɧɚɲɜɢɥɢ, ɒ. Ⱥ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɝɭɦɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɢ. ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɦ- ɮɨɧɢɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɒ. Ⱥ. Ⱥɦɨɧɚɲɜɢɥɢ. – Ɇ.: ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶcɤɢɣ Ⱦɨɦ ɒɚɥɜɵ Ⱥɦɨɧɚɲɜɢɥɢ, 2002.

ɍȾɄ 373.3 ȼ. Ʉ. ɋɚɯɧɨɜɫɤɚɹ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɉɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 56», ɉɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɣɨɧ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]

Ɋɨɥɶ ɫɟɦɶɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɤ ɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɭ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ

ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɚɹ ɩɨ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɛ- ɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚɦ, ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣ- ɫɬɜɢɣ. Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɵɝɪɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɤ ɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɫɟɦɶɟ. ɋɚɦɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ – ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɫɨ ɫɬɨ- ɪɨɧɵ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ.

Ʉɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɬɤɢ, ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɨɬɢɜɵ, ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ, ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɟɞɚɝɨ- ɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ.

261 V. K. Sakhnovskaya, Municipal Budgetary Education Institution «Promyshlennaya General Education School ʋ 56», the township of Promyshlennaya, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]

The role of the family in developing primary school children’s interest in learning

A modern school that works according to Federal Educational Standards requires the development of universal educational actions. Each student must achieve the expected of learning. The development of interest in learning in the family can play a big role in this. Children’s self-education is a process focused by parents.

Quality of education, natural advances, educational and cognitive motives, child's self-development, research activities, pedagogical competence of parents.

ɋɟɦɶɹ – ɷɬɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜ. ɋɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɛɺɧ- ɤɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ, ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɦɟɪɟ, ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɟ. ɇɟ ɫɟɤɪɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɟɦɶɢ ɫ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ ɢ ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ. ȿɫɬɶ ɩɪɨ- ɫɬɨ ɦɨɥɨɞɵɟ, ɧɟɨɩɵɬɧɵɟ ɫɟɦɶɢ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɫɟɦɶɟ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ? Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ, ɨɬɩɪɚɜɥɹɹ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɭ, ɧɚɞɟɟɬ- ɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɬɨɬ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ. Ʉɚɤ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨɛɵ, ɩɪɨɫɵɩɚ- ɹɫɶ ɩɨ ɭɬɪɚɦ, ɪɟɛɺɧɨɤ ɠɟɥɚɥ ɢɞɬɢ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɭ? ȼɨɩɪɨɫɨɦ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɫɟɦɶɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ ɜ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɞɚ- ɝɨɝɢɤɟ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɥɚɫɶ Ⱥɥɥɚ ɋɟɦɺɧɨɜɧɚ ɋɩɢɜɚɤɨɜɫɤɚɹ. Ɉɧɚ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɟɦɶɟ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɢɬɶ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ ɧɚ ɬɨɬ ɩɭɬɶ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɟɚɥɢ- ɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɟɛɹ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɫ ɟɺ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɭɫɬɚ- ɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ 90 % ɞɟɬɟɣ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɭ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ. Ʉ ɤɨɧɰɭ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ – ɬɨɥɶɤɨ 30 % ɫ ɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɩɨɫɟɳɚɸɬ ɲɤɨɥɭ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɭɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɨ. ɉɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɥɸɛɢɦɵɟ ɢ ɧɟɥɸɛɢɦɵɟ ɭɪɨ- ɤɢ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɤɪɨɟɬɫɹ ɫɟɪɶɺɡɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ. ȼ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɟɺ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ. ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɬɶ ɩɟɞɚ- ɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɸ ɪɨɞɢ- ɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ. Ɋɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɢ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɚɫ- ɤɪɵɬɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ. Ɂɧɚɧɢɹ, ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɡɜɟɧɟ. «Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɪɟɛɺɧɨɤ – ɟɫɬɶ ɨɞɧɚɠɞɵ ɫɥɭɱɢɜɲɟɟɫɹ ɱɭɞɨ!» – ɡɚɦɟɬɢɥ ɗɜɚɥɶɞ ȼɚɫɢɥɶɟɜɢɱ ɂɥɶɢɧɤɨɜ. Ɉɧ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɟɧ. ȼ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɜ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɬɤɚɯ. Ɂɚɞɨɥɝɨ ɞɨ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɬɤɢ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ.

262 ȿɫɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɤɚɦ, ɷɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɵɝɪɚɬɶ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɫɬɚɧɨɜ- ɥɟɧɢɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɋɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɬɤɨɜ ɜɢɞɹɬ ɜ ɫɤɥɨɧɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ: ɤ ɪɢɫɨ- ɜɚɧɢɸ, ɡɚɧɹɬɢɸ ɦɭɡɵɤɨɣ, ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢ ɬ. ɞ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɡɚ- ɞɚɬɤɢ ɜ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɭɠɧɵ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢ ɩɪɢɺɦɵ, ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɬɤɢ, ɫɤɥɨɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɩɨ- ɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ. ɍɱɟɛɧɨ-ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɨɬɢɜɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɛɭɞɢɬɟ- ɥɹɦɢ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ. ɇɨ ɨɧɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɥɢɲɶ 21 %. Ɉɬɦɟɬ- ɤɚ ɡɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ – 65 %. ɍɱɚɬɫɹ ɪɚɞɢ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ! ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɹ «ɩɹɬɶ» ɢɥɢ «ɱɟɬɵɪɟ», ɪɟɛɺɧɨɤ ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɥɟɫɬɧɢɰɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɜɜɟɪɯ. ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝ Ʌ. ə. Ʉɨɥɨɦɟɧɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɞɟɬɫɬɜɟ ɪɟ- ɛɺɧɨɤ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɟɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɞɟɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɬɥɢɜɵ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɸ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ. Ɇɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɮɟɪɚ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɚ, ɨɧɚ ɞɚɺɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɬɢɜɨɜ, ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢɞɺɬ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ, ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ, ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɪɭɝɨɡɨɪ. ɂɞɺɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɢ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ. Ɉɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮ ɗɜɚɥɶɞ ȼɚɫɢɥɶɟɜɢɱ ɂɥɶɢɧɤɨɜ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬ: «ɍɦ («ɦɭɞɪɨɫɬɶ») – ɷɬɨ ɧɟ «ɡɧɚɧɢɨ» ɫɚɦɨ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ, ɧɟ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɟɞɟ- ɧɢɣ, ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ, ɧɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɧɟ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩ- ɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɫɥɨɜ ɫɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ ɫ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɦɢ. ɗɬɨ ɭɦɟ- ɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɷɬɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɮɚɤɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹɦɢ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ». ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɢ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ: ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ, ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɨɦ- ɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ. Ɋɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɫɭɬɶ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɭ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɢ- ɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɟɛɹ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ. Ɂɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɪɟɛɺɧɨɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ «ɩɨɝɥɨɳɚɟɬ» ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɚɞɚɩɬɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɤ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɫ ɬɪɭɞɨɦ ɨɛɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨ ɫɜɟɪɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ. ɉɨɥɭɱɢɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɫɜɨɺ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ. Ɉɧ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɨɥɹɯ ɢ ɦɟɠɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɝɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ – ɨɧ ɫɚɦ. ɇɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɭ ɧɟɝɨ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ, ɫɚɦɨɪɟ- ɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ɗɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨ ɦɟɪɟ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɋɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɪɟɛɺɧ- ɤɨɦ «ɪɢɫɭɸɬ» ɟɝɨ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɟ. ɑɬɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɟɝɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ? Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɨɧɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ ɤ ɛɥɚɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ, ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɬɪɟɡɜɨɫɬɢ ɜɡɝɥɹɞɨɜ, ɠɟɥɚɧɢɸ ɛɵɬɶ ɯɨɪɨɲɢɦ ɫɟɦɶɹɧɢɧɨɦ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɟ ɫɥɟ- ɞɭɟɬ ɩɭɫɤɚɬɶ ɥɨɞɤɭ ɫ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɨɦ ɩɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɸ. ɗɬɨ ɧɟ ɫɬɢɯɢɣɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ. ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ, ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ, ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨ- 263 ɜɚɬɶ. ɋɚɦɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ- ɫɨɦ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ. Ɋɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɭ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶ- ɧɢɤɨɜ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɫɚɦɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɍɫɚɠɢɜɚɹ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ ɡɚ ɭɪɨɤɢ, ɨɧɢ ɜɨɫɩɢ- ɬɵɜɚɸɬ ɭɫɢɞɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ, ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. ɂɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɡɚɞɭɦɚɬɶɫɹ, ɤɚɤ ɪɚɡ- ɜɢɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɭɱɟɧɢɸ, ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɢ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɭɫɤɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɬɺɤ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ. ɇɨ ɤɚɤ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɧɭɠɞɚɬɶ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ, ɧɟ ɬɢɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ? Ⱦɨɦɚɲɧɟɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɜ ɨɞ- ɧɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɹ ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨ-ɝɢɝɢɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɋɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɦɨɳɧɢɤɚɦɢ, ɧɨ ɞɨɛɪɵɦɢ, ɬɟɪɩɟɥɢɜɵɦɢ. ɏɨɪɨɲɢɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɞɚɺɬ ɢɝɪɨɜɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵ ɡɚɝɚɞɤɢ, ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɲɚ- ɪɚɞɵ, ɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɟ ɢɝɪɵ. ɇɢ ɜ ɤɨɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɡɚ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ. Ⱦɟɬɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɫɤɚɬɶ ɥɺɝɤɢɟ ɩɭɬɢ, ɬɪɟɛɭɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ. Ɉɩɵɬ ɦɨɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨɤɚ- ɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɡɚ ɭɱɺɛɭ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ. Ɉɧɢ ɫɢɞɹɬ ɫ ɞɟɬɶɦɢ ɡɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɦɢ, ɱɚɫɬɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɹ ɡɚ ɧɢɯ. ɉɭɫɬɶ ɪɟɛɺɧɨɤ ɜɵɫɤɚ- ɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɦɵɫɥɢ. Ɋɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɭɫɬɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ, ɟɫɥɢ ɢɯ ɪɟɱɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɚ, ɟɫɥɢ ɩɪɢɭɱɚɸɬ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɜɢɞɚɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɟɣ ɢ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɫ ɧɢɦ, ɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ ɡɚ ɬɟɦɩɨɦ ɪɟɱɢ, ɝɪɨɦɤɨɫɬɶɸ, ɠɟɫɬɢɤɭɥɹɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶ- ɧɨɫɬɶɸ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɦɭ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɶ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ, ɞɚɜɚɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ. ɍɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ. ɇɭɠɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɥɭɲɚɬɶ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟ- ɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɟ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɹɦɢ, ɛɟɫɟɞɚ ɩɨ ɧɢɦ. ɉɨɛɭɠɞɚɬɶ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɧ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɥ ɭɬɨɱɧɹɸɳɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɨɰɟ- ɧɢɜɚɥ ɫɜɨɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ, ɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɹɥ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɵɝɪɚɬɶ ɜɧɟ- ɭɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. ȼ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɷɬɨ ɩɨɦɨɠɟɬ ɜ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɷɤɡɚɦɟɧɨɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɚɬɬɟɫɬɚɰɢɢ. Ɂɧɚɱɢɬ, ɞɚɫɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɞɚɥɶ- ɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɭɹɫɶ ɫ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɦɢ. ȼɨ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ- ɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɟɫɬɶ ɤɭɪɫ «ɍɱɭɫɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ». ɑɬɨ ɩɨ- ɛɭɠɞɚɟɬ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ ɤ ɩɨɢɫɤɭ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ? ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝ. Ⱦɟɬɢ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɸɬ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɥɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ. ɋɬɚɜɹɬɫɹ ɰɟɥɢ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ. ȼɵɞɜɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɚ, ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɩɥɚɧ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɇɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. ɉɨɧɹɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɛɟɡ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ ɪɟɛɺɧ- ɤɭ ɧɟ ɨɛɨɣɬɢɫɶ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɛɭɞɢɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɡɚ ɧɟ- ɝɨ. ɉɨɦɨɳɶ ɢɞɟɹɦɢ ɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ. ɂɧɬɟ- ɪɟɫ ɠɟ ɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ. ɋɭɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶ- ɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɥɸɞɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɣ, ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɢ. 264 Ɋɟɛɺɧɨɤ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɦɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ, ɦɚɬɟ- ɪɢɚɥɚɦɢ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ. Ɋɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ - ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɜ ɨɬɛɨɪɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɢ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ. ɋɨɜ- ɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɯɨɞɵ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɜ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɭ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɟɣ. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɢɞɺɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ. Ɍɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɨɜ, ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɣ, ɪɢɫɭɧɤɨɜ, ɩɨɞɟɥɨɤ, ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɪɨɞɢɬɟ- ɥɟɣ. Ɉɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ – ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ – ɷɬɨ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɣ ɬɪɭɞ. ɉɨɥɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɬɶ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɛɥɚɝɢɟ ɞɟɥɚ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ ɤ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɸ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɚɯ, ɚɤ- ɰɢɹɯ ɞɨɛɪɵɯ ɞɟɥ. Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɚɦɨɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ. Ɉɩɵɬɧɵɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝ ɞɚɺɬ ɪɟɛɹɬɚɦ ɩɚɦɹɬɤɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɵ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ. ɋɭɳɟ- ɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ. Ⱦɟɬɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɟɟ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɢɯ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɬ ɜ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢ- ɹɯ. ȼɪɹɞ ɥɢ ɤɨɦɭ ɧɪɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɧɚɡɢɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɢɧɬɨɧɚɰɢɹ. ȼ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɬɟɪɹɬɶɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɭɱɟɧɢɸ. ɉɭɫɬɶ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɲɚɝɚɦɢ, ɧɨ ɪɟ- ɛɺɧɨɤ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ. ȿɫɥɢ ɨɧ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɜ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɢ ɧɟ ɩɹɬɶ ɨɲɢ- ɛɨɤ, ɚ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ, ɭɠɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɯɜɚɥɢɬɶ. «Ɍɵ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɪɟɲɢɥ ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ, ɧɚɩɢɫɚɥ ɚɤɤɭɪɚɬɧɟɟ, ɫɞɟɥɚɥ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ», – ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɪɨɞɢ- ɬɟɥɢ ɞɟɬɹɦ. Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɨɳɭɳɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɭɱɺɛɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɟɬ ɪɨɞɢɬɟ- ɥɟɣ. Ɉɧɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɪɹɞɨɦ, ɞɚɜɚɹ ɫɨɜɟɬɵ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɭ, ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɹ ɫɢ- ɬɭɚɰɢɸ ɭɫɩɟɯɚ. ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɡɚɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɚ ɦɨɡɝ ɧɚ ɦɨ- ɬɢɜɚɰɢɸ ɤ ɭɱɺɛɟ. ɏɨɪɨɲɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ, ɩɨɨɳɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɜɨɡɧɚɝɪɚɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɚɞɨɫɬɢ, ɜɨɫɬɨɪɝɚ. Ʉɚɤ ɪɚɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɛɺɧɨɤ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɚɦ ɪɟɲɢɥ ɬɪɭɞɧɟɣɲɭɸ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ. Ɉɧ ɜɵɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɥɚɡɚɯ. Ⱥ ɟɫɥɢ ɫ ɧɢɦ ɪɚɞɭɸɬɫɹ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ? Ɉɧ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɞɨɥɝɨ ɨɩɢɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ, ɧɨ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɫɜɨɢɬ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɫɚɦɨɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ, ɩɨɹɜɹɬɫɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ- ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɨɬɢɜɵ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ – ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɤ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɨɬ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɪɨɞɢɬɟ- ɥɟɣ. Ɇɚɬɶ ɰɟɥɵɣ ɦɢɪ ɜ ɝɥɚɡɚɯ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ. Ɉɧɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɭɱɢɬɶ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɢ, ɬɟɪ- ɩɟɧɢɸ, ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɸ, ɷɬɨ ɫɟɪɶɺɡɧɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɚ- ɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ. Ɉɬɟɰ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɢɹ, ɞɚɺɬ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɟɪɶɺɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɲɟ ɤɚɩɪɢɡɨɜ. Ɉɧ ɭɱɢɬ ɪɟɛɺɧ- ɤɚ ɬɜɟɪɞɨɫɬɢ ɞɭɯɚ, ɫɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɦɢ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ. Ɍɚɤ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ. Ⱥ ɤɚɤ ɟɫɬɶ? əɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɥɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɦ? Ɇɧɨ- ɝɢɟ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ. Ɉɬɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɭ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɤ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɦɭ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɸ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɲɤɨɥɵ. 265 Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɨɬɰɚ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢ. Ɋɟɛɺ- ɧɨɤ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɞɨɦ – ɟɝɨ ɤɪɟɩɨɫɬɶ. ɇɚɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɛɵɬɶ ɯɨɪɨɲɢɦ ɨɬɰɨɦ ɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɶɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ. ɂ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ ɧɟ ɩɨɠɢɧɚɬɶ ɩɥɨɞɵ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɛɟɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ. ɂɧɞɢɣɫɤɚɹ ɦɭɞɪɨɫɬɶ ɝɥɚɫɢɬ: «Ɋɟɛɺɧɨɤ – ɝɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɬɜɨɺɦ ɞɨɦɟ. ɇɚɤɨɪɦɢ, ɜɵɭɱɢ ɢ ɨɬ- ɩɭɫɬɢ».

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ⱥɪɬɚɦɨɧɨɜɚ, ȿ. ɂ. ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɦɢ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɭɱɟɛ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞ. ɜɵɫɲ. ɭɱɟɛ. ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ / ȿ. ɂ. Ⱥɪɬɚɦɨɧɨɜɚ, ȿ. ȼ. ȿɤɠɚɧɨɜɚ, ȿ. ȼ. Ɂɵɪɹɧɨɜɚ ɢ ɞɪ.; ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. ȿ. Ƚ. ɋɢɥɹ- ɟɜɨɣ. – Ɇ.: Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ, 2006. – 192 ɫ. 2. Ȼɨɠɨɜɢɱ, Ʌ. Ʌɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɟɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ʌ. Ȼɨɠɨɜɢɱ. – ɋɩɛ.: ɉɢɬɟɪ, 2008. – 400 ɫ. 3. Ʉɭɥɢɤɨɜɚ, Ɍ. Ⱥ. ɋɟɦɟɣɧɚɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɚ ɢ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɟ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞ. ɫɪɟɞ. ɩɟɞ. ɭɱɟɛ. ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ / Ɍ. Ⱥ. Ʉɭɥɢɤɨɜɚ. – Ɇ.: Ⱥɤɚ- ɞɟɦɢɹ, 2000. – 232 ɫ. 4. Ɇɭɞɪɢɤ Ⱥ. ȼ. ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɚ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ⱥ. ȼ. Ɇɭɞɪɢɤ. – Ɇ.: Ⱥɤɚ- ɞɟɦɢɹ, 2013. – 240 ɫ. 5. ɋɩɢɜɚɤɨɜɫɤɚɹ Ⱥ. ɋ. ɉɫɢɯɨɬɟɪɚɩɢɹ: ɢɝɪɚ, ɞɟɬɫɬɜɨ, ɫɟɦɶɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ⱥ. ɋ. ɋɩɢɜɚɤɨɜɫɤɚɹ. – ɈɈɈ Ⱥɩɪɟɥɶ ɉɪɟɫɫ, ɁȺɈ ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɗɄɋɆɈ-ɉɪɟɫɫ, 2014. – 304 ɫ.

ɍȾɄ 372.881.161.1 ȼ. Ȼ. ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜɚ, Ʌ. ɂ. Ƚɚɦɛɚɪɨɜɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɋɢɞɨɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ» ɇɨɜɨɤɭɡɧɟɰɤɢɣ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɣɨɧ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]

Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ

ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɭɪɨɤɚ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɢɡ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ. Ⱦɚɧ- ɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɚɞɪɟɫɨɜɚɧ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹɦ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ, ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɪɭɫɫɤɨ- ɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɭɡɨɜ.

Ⱦɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɭɪɨɤ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ.

266 V. B. Smirnovɚ, L. I. Gambarovɚ, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «Sidorovo General Education School», Novokuznetsk municipal district, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]

Features of the activity approach to studying Russian in primary school

The article presents an example from the experience of using the activity approach through the method of project-based tasks at the Russian lesson. This materi- al is addressed to primary school teachers, teachers of Russian and students of pedagogical universities.

Activity approach, project-based task, project activity, Russian lesson.

Ɍɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɟɬɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ, ɡɚɜɬɪɚ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɫɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ. Ʌ. ɋ. ȼɵɝɨɬɫɤɢɣ

ɋɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɫɺ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɵɫɬɪɵɦɢ ɬɟɦɩɚɦɢ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɭɫɬɚɪɟɜɚɸɬ ɢ ɧɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ, ɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɚ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɫɬɚɧɨ- ɜɹɬɫɹ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɜɫɺ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ. Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧ- ɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟ- ɞɟɥɢɥ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ – ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚɦ ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɨ- ɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɸ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬ- ɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɰɟɥɟɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɣ- ɫɬɜɢɣ, ɬ.ɟ. ɨɧɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɫɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ ɫɚɦɢɯ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ. Ʌɨɝɢɤɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɭɧɢ- ɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɳɚɹ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɭ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɜ ɛɭɤɜɚɥɶ- ɧɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɨɛɴɹɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɴɹɬɧɨɟ, ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ: ɨɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ – ɤ ɦɵɫɥɢ. ȼɫɺ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɪɢɺɦɨɜ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬ ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɛɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɫɨɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɜɵ- ɞɜɢɝɚɬɶ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡɵ, ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɢ ɭɦɨɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ. ɇɨɜɢɡɧɚ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɤ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɧɨɫɢɬ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ, ɬ. ɟ. ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɵ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɭ, ɧɨ ɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɨ,

267 ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɵ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ: ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜ- ɥɢɜɚɬɶ, ɜɵɹɜɥɹɬɶ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɬɶ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɬɶ, ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɨ- ɜɚɬɶ, ɨɛɨɛɳɚɬɶ, ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ. Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɷɬɭ ɩɪɨɛɥɟ- ɦɭ. ɉɪɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɹɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɫ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ, ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɢɯ ɤ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɭ ɤ «ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɦ» ɭɱɟɛɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɦ ɜ ɫɪɟɞ- ɧɟɦ ɢ ɫɬɚɪɲɟɦ ɡɜɟɧɟ. ɂɬɨɝɨɦ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɪɟ- ɚɥɶɧɵɣ «ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ», ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɞɟɬɶɦɢ (ɩɚɦɹɬɤɚ, ɫɯɟɦɚ, ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ, ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱ- ɧɢɤ, ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɢ ɬ. ɞ.), ɢɦɟɸɳɢɣ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ. ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɭɪɨɤɚ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɜ 3 ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɫ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ. Ɍɟɦɚ ɭɪɨɤɚ: ȼɬɨɪɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɟ ɱɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ. Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɛ- ɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ. ɐɟɥɶ: ɨɛɨɛɳɢɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɯ ɱɥɟ- ɧɚɯ. ɋɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ, ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɳɭɸ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɸ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɨ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɯ ɱɥɟɧɚɯ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ. Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ: Ɉɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟ: ɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɢ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɢɬɶ ɩɪɚɤɬɢ- ɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɜɵɤ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɯ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟ- ɧɢɹ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɢɯ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ. ɋɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɬɶ, ɨɛɨɛɳɚɬɶ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ: ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ, ɫɩɨ- ɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɚ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɫɚɦɨ- ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ, ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ; ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟ- ɧɢɟ ɩɚɦɹɬɤɢ ɢ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ. ȼɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ: ɜɨɫɩɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ; ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɹ. ɋɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɍɍȾ: ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɍȾȾ (ɨɛɳɟɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ: ɭɱɢɬɶ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢ- ɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɰɟɥɶ, ɭɱɢɬɶ ɩɨɢɫɤɭ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɢɧ- ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ); ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɍɍȾ (ɭɱɢɬɶ ɰɟɥɟɩɨɥɚɝɚɧɢɸ, ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ, ɫɚɦɨ- ɨɰɟɧɤɟ); ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɍɍȾ (ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ); ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɍɍȾ (ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ; ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟ- ɫɬɜɚ). ɉɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ: ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ (ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚ- ɱɚ), ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ.

268 ɉɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ: ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ; ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ, ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ; ɮɪɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ. Ɋɟɫɭɪɫɵ: ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɨɫɤɚ, ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ, 3 ɤɥɚɫɫ, ɱɚɫɬɶ 1, ɚɜɬɨɪɵ: Ɇ. Ʌ. Ʉɚɥɟɧɱɭɤ, ɇ. Ⱥ. ɑɭɪɚɤɨɜɚ, Ɍ. Ⱥ. Ȼɚɣɤɨɜɚ.

I. Ɇɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ. 1.ɋɚɦɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ: Ɋɟɛɹɬɚ, ɞɨɛɪɵɣ ɞɟɧɶ! ɇɭ-ɤɚ, ɩɪɨɜɟɪɶ, ɞɪɭɠɨɤ. Ɍɵ ɝɨɬɨɜ ɧɚɱɚɬɶ ɭɪɨɤ? ȼɫɺ ɥɶ ɧɚ ɦɟɫɬɟ, ɜɫɺ ɥɶ ɜ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ, Ɋɭɱɤɢ, ɤɧɢɠɤɢ ɢ ɬɟɬɪɚɞɤɢ? ȼɫɟ ɥɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɝɥɹɞɹɬ? Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɯɨɱɟɬ ɩɨɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ? ɉɨɠɟɥɚɸ ɜɫɟɦ ɭɞɚɱɢ – Ɂɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ, ɜ ɞɨɛɪɵɣ ɱɚɫ!

– ɉɨɞ ɤɚɤɢɦ ɞɟɜɢɡɨɦ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ? (ə ɯɨɱɭ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɬɶ!) ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɭɪɨɤɚ ɦɵ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɟɤɪɟɬɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɩɪɹɬɚɧɵ ɜ ɤɨɧ- ɜɟɪɬɚɯ. 2. ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ – ɉɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸ ɜɚɦ ɜɫɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ, ɤɚɤɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨ ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɤ? ɇɚ ɇɨɜɵɣ ɝɨɞ ɜɫɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɩɨɞɚɪɤɢ. ə ɜɚɦ ɬɨɠɟ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɢɥɚ ɩɨ- ɞɚɪɨɤ. Ɉɧ ɧɟɨɛɵɱɧɵɣ – ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ! ɗɬɨ ɩɟɫɧɹ! ȿɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥ- ɧɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɤɟ! (ɫɥɭɲɚɸɬ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɩɟɫɧɢ «ɇɨɜɨɝɨɞɧɢɣ ɯɨɪɨɜɨɞ» ɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɋɟɪɝɟɹ Ɂɜɟɪɟɜɚ ɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ «ɇɟɩɨɫɟɞɵ») – Ɉɣ, ɪɟɛɹɬɚ, ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɧɟ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɞɚɥɶɲɟ? Ɇɧɟ ɧɭɠɧɚ ɜɚɲɚ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ. Ɉɧɚ ɡɚɡɜɭɱɢɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɨɝɞɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɦɵ ɟɟ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɭɤɪɚɫɢɦ ɭɡɨɪɚɦɢ, ɤɚɤ ɦɨɪɨɡ ɪɢɫɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɨɤɧɚɯ! – Ⱥ ɭɤɪɚɫɢɦ ɦɵ ɟɺ ɩɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ. – ɋɤɚɠɢɬɟ, ɟɫɬɶ ɥɢ ɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɤɚɤɢɟ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɤɪɚɫɢɜɵɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ? – Ɇɨɠɟɬ ɜɚɦ ɩɨɦɨɠɟɬ ɬɟɦɚ ɭɪɨɤɚ ɨɬɜɟɬɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ? – ɉɪɨɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ ɬɟɦɭ ɭɪɨɤɚ. – Ʉɚɤɢɦɢ ɥɢɧɢɹɦɢ ɦɵ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ? Ɍɚɤ ɜɨɬ, ɧɚɲɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɜ ɫɥɨɜɚɯ ɩɟɫɧɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɟ ɱɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɭɬɶ ɢɯ.

II. ɗɬɚɩ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ. ɍɪɨɤ-ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɫɬ ɧɚɦ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɦɵ ɭɦɟɟɦ ɢ ɱɬɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɡɧɚɬɶ. Ⱦɚɜɚɣɬɟ ɜɵɹɫɧɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɦɵ ɡɧɚɟɦ! ɑɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɡɚ ɫɥɨɜɚ? (ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ). (Ɋɢɫ. 1). 269

Ɋɢɫ. 1. ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ

Ʉɚɤ ɢ ɧɚ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ? ɋɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɨɫɶ? ɋɟɤɪɟɬ ʋ 1. ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ – ɷɬɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ- ɥɹɟɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɩɚɞɟɠɢ ɢ ɱɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɨ- ɠɟɧɢɹ. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɩɚɞɟɠɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ? (Ɋɢɫ. 2).

Ɋɢɫ. 2. ȼɬɨɪɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɟ ɱɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ

Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɦ? (ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ) (ɩɭɧɤɬɢɪɨɦ) Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ? (ɨɛ- ɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ) Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɦ? (ɩɭɧɤɬɢɪ, ɬɨɱɤɚ) Ʉɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɷɬɢ ɱɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ? (ɜɬɨɪɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɟ) Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɱɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɜɬɨɪɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɟ ɱɥɟɧɵ? (ɝɥɚɜɧɵɟ). Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɱɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɵ ɡɧɚɟɬɟ? (ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɟ, ɫɤɚ- ɡɭɟɦɨɟ) ɇɚ ɤɚɤɢɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɬ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɦ? 270 ȼɨɬ ɦɵ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ ɩɚɦɹɬɤɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɨɦɨɝɥɚ ɧɚɦ ɨɛɨɛɳɢɬɶ ɢ ɫɢ- ɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ. ɋɟɤɪɟɬ ʋ 2. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɩɚɦɹɬɤɢ ɭ ɦɟɧɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɟɤɪɟɬɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɜɟɪ- ɬɟ, ɢ ɨɧɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɚɫ! (Ɋɢɫ. 3).

III.Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ: 1. Ƚɪɭɩɩɨɜɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦ. ɂɬɚɤ, ɞɚɜɚɣɬɟ ɜɫɩɨɦɧɢɦ ɰɟɥɶ ɭɪɨɤɚ – ɭɤɪɚɫɢɬɶ ɩɟɫɧɸ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɡɚɡɜɭ- ɱɚɥɚ! (Ʉɥɚɫɫ ɩɨɞɟɥɟɧ ɧɚ 2 ɝɪɭɩɩɵ). 1 ɝɪɭɩɩɚ, 2 ɝɪɭɩɩɚ. Ⱦɚɥɶɲɟ ɦɵ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦɢ. ɋɚɦɨɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ – ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɞɪɭɠɧɨ, ɭɦɟɬɶ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɶ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭ- ɝɚ, ɬ. ɟ. ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɫɨɨɛɳɚ! ə ɜɚɦ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɨɬɞɚɸ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɧɨɜɨɝɨɞɧɟɣ ɩɟɫɧɢ. (1. «Ɇɵ ɞɪɭɡɟɣ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɨɡɜɚɥɢ, ɺɥɤɭ ɞɪɭɠɧɨ ɧɚɪɹɠɚɥɢ»; 2. «ɇɨɜɨɝɨɞɧɢɣ ɯɨɪɨɜɨɞ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɫɱɚɫɬɶɹ ɩɪɢɧɟɫɺɬ: ɋɟɪɺɠɟ, ɋɚɲɟ, ɉɟɬɟ…».)

ɑɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ

Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɟ (Ɉɫɧɨɜɚ ȼɬɨɪɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ) Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ (Ʉɨɝɨ? ɱɟɝɨ? ɉɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɟ (Ʉɬɨ? ɑɬɨ?) Ʉɨɦɭ? ɱɟɦɭ? Ʉɨɝɨ? ɱɬɨ? ɋɤɚɡɭɟɦɨɟ (ɑɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ? Ʉɟɦ? ɱɟɦ? ɑɬɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ?) Ɉ ɤɨɦ? ɨ ɱɟɦ? Ɉɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ (Ƚɞɟ? ɤɨɝɞɚ? ɤɭɞɚ? ɨɬɤɭɞɚ? ɩɨɱɟɦɭ? ɡɚɱɟɦ? ɢ ɤɚɤ?)

Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ (Ʉɚɤɨɣ? ɑɟɣ?)

Ɋɢɫ. 3. ɉɚɦɹɬɤɚ

– Ⱥ ɜɵ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɢɬɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɱɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɟ: ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ. Ƚɪɭɩɩɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1). 1. Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚ- ɞɚɧɢɹ. Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1 Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ

Ʉɬɨ ɱɢɬɚɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɤɥɚɫɫɭ. Ʉɬɨ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɱɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ Ʉɬɨ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɬɨɪɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɟ ɱɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ. Ʉɬɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ 271 2. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ: 1) ȼ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɱɥɟɧɵ. ɉɨɞɱɟɪɤɧɢɬɟ. 2) Ɂɚɞɚɣɬɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɨɬ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɫɥɨɜɚɦ ɢ ɡɚɩɢɲɢɬɟ ɢɯ ɧɚɞ ɫɬɪɟɥɨɱɤɚɦɢ. 3) Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɜɬɨɪɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɣ ɱɥɟɧ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɞ- ɱɟɪɤɧɢɬɟ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɩɚɦɹɬɤɭ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɟ. – Ʉɨɦɭ ɧɭɠɧɚ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ, ɩɨɞɫɤɚɡɤɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɬɟ ʋ 1 ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪ- ɜɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ; ɜ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɬɟ ʋ 2 ɞɥɹ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ. (ȿɫɥɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɌɈɅɖɄɈ ɩɚɞɟɠɧɵɣ – ɷɬɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ; ɟɫɥɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɩɚɞɟɠɧɵɣ ɢ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɣ – ɷɬɨ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ). 3. ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ. – Ƚɪɭɩɩɵ, ɜɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɥɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ? Ⱦɚɜɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɦ.

IV. «Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɢɟ» ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ. ɋɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ. – ɋɤɚɠɢɬɟ, ɜɚɦ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ȺɅȽɈɊɂɌɆ? Ⱦɚɜɚɣɬɟ ɜɫɩɨɦɧɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ? Ⱥɥɝɨɪɢ̗ ɬɦ – ɷɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɩɨ- ɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ. Ⱦɚɜɚɣɬɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ «Ʉɚɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɜɬɨɪɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɟ ɱɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ» (ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɤ: ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ, ɡɚɞɚɬɶ, ɩɨɞ- ɱɟɪɤɧɭɬɶ). ɋɟɤɪɟɬ ʋ 3. Ⱥɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɬɨɪɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɯ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɩɪɟɞ- ɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2).

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 2 Ⱥɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɬɨɪɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɯ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ

1. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɱɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ 2. Ɂɚɞɚɬɶ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɨɬ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɫɥɨɜɚɦ 3. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɜɬɨɪɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɣ ɱɥɟɧ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ȿɫɥɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɌɈɅɖɄɈ ɩɚɞɟɠɧɵɣ – ɷɬɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ȿɫɥɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɩɚɞɟɠɧɵɣ ɢ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɣ – ɷɬɨ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶ- ɫɬɜɨ

V. ɋɚɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ: – Ⱥ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɦɢ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɦ, ɭɤɪɚɫɢɦ ɫɥɟ- ɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɇɨɜɨɝɨɞɧɟɣ ɩɟɫɧɢ. («ɋɤɨɪɨ ɧɚɞ ɫɬɪɚɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɞɚɫɬɫɹ ɛɨɣ ɤɭ- ɪɚɧɬɨɜ). – ɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ, ɭ ɤɨɝɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɡɨɛɪɚɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ (ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɪɨɟɰɢ- ɪɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɤɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɪɚɡɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ).

272 VI. ɉɨɞɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɬɨɝɨɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ. – ɉɨ ɷɬɢɦ ɨɬɪɵɜɤɚɦ ɢɡ ɩɟɫɧɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ: «ɗɬɚ ɩɟɫɧɹ ɤɪɚɫɢɜɚɹ»? – Ɉ ɱɟɦ ɷɬɚ ɩɟɫɧɹ? – ɉɨɦɨɝɥɢ ɧɚɦ ɜɬɨɪɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɟ ɱɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ? ɋɟɤɪɟɬ ʋ 4. ȼɵɜɨɞ: ɜɬɨɪɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɟ ɱɥɟɧɵ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɹɫɧɹɸɬ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ, ɭɬɨɱɧɹɸɬ, ɤɚɤɨɣ ɨɧ, ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɸɬ, ɞɟɥɚɸɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨ- ɧɹɬɧɨɣ, ɧɨ ɢ ɞɟɥɚɸɬ ɧɚɲɭ ɪɟɱɶ ɤɪɚɫɢɜɨɣ, ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɢ ɛɨɝɚɬɨɣ.

VII. Ɋɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɹ. Ɋɟɛɹɬɚ, ɤɚɤ ɜɵ ɞɭɦɚɟɬɟ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɷɬɚ ɬɟɦɚ ɭɪɨɤɚ? ɍɤɪɚɫɢɥɢ ɦɵ ɧɚɲɭ ɩɟɫɧɸ? ɑɬɨ ɩɨɧɪɚɜɢɥɨɫɶ ȼɚɦ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ? ɑɬɨ ɡɚɩɨɦɧɢɥɨɫɶ? ɉɨɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɚɦ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɢ ɩɚɦɹɬɤɚ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ- ɥɹɬɶ ɜɬɨɪɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɟ ɱɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ? ɉɈȾȺɊɈɄ: ɫɥɨɜɚ ɩɟɫɧɢ. – Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɡɚɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɩɟɫɧɹ, ɩɨɞɭɦɚɣ: ɭɦɟɟɲɶ ɥɢ ɬɵ: 1. ɇɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ 2. Ɂɚɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɨɬ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɤ ɜɬɨɪɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɦɭ. 3. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ – ɷɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨ- ɞɢɦɨɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɟɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚ- ɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɫ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɸ ɨɪɝɚ- ɧɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɇɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɨ, ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɸ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɭ- ɱɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ.

ɍȾɄ 372.416 + 372.45 Ɍ. ɇ. ɋɬɚɪɤɨɜɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 28 ɝɨɪɨɞɚ Ȼɟɥɨɜɨ», Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]

Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɨ

ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɚɹ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɚ. Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɢ ɫɩɨɞɜɢɝɧɭɬɶ ɢɯ ɤ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ- ɫɬɢ, ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɚ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ. ɋɬɚɬɶɹ ɩɨɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɚɦ ɬɚɤ- 273 ɠɟ ɩɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɩɪɢɺɦɚɦɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɪɚɡɜɢ- ɬɢɹ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɨ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ ɱɬɟ- ɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɫ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ.

Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ, ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ, ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɹ, ɩɪɢɺɦɵ, ɫɬɚɞɢɢ, ɭɪɨɤ.

T. N. Starkova, Municipal Budgetary General Education Institution «Belovo Secondary school ʋ 28 the city of Belovo», Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]

Technology of critical thinking development through reading and writing

The article studies the technology of critical thinking development through reading and writing. This technology helps to interest learners and involve them in creative activity, both in classroom and in extracurricular format. The article will also introduce the methods of creating a model of learning within the technology of critical thinking development through reading and writing, forming a culture of reading and working with text.

Technology of critical thinking development, learning process, critical thinking, individual approach, reflection, techniques, stages, lesson.

Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ (ɎȽɈɋ) ɤɚɪɞɢɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɤ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ- ɧɢɹ. ɇɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɡɚ- ɞɚɱɚ ɜ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɣ, ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɥɚɞɟɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɟɛɹ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ. ɉɨɞ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɦɵ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɦ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɟ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ- ɥɹɸɬ ɫɬɟɪɠɟɧɶ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ, ɧɨ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɚɦɨɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɨ- ɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ. Ʌɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɤ, ɫɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɦ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɎȽɈɋ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɦ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧ- ɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɢ ɢɯ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞ- ɦɟɬɧɵɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚ- ɤɨɣ-ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɫ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ. ȼɨɡɧɢɤ- 274 ɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɨɛɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ ɬɭ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɭɸ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɣ ɭ ɜɚɫ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ. ɏɨɪɨɲɢɯ ɢɬɨɝɨɜ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ (ɌɊɄɆ) ɱɟɪɟɡ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɨ. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɟɣ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ. ɂɡɭɱɚɟɦɚɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɡɚɤɚɬɟ 20 ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚɦɢ ɢɡ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ. ȿɺ ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ – ɑ. Ɍɟɦɩɥ, Ⱦ. ɋɬɢɥ, Ʉ. Ɇɟɪɟɞɢɬ, ɋ. ɍɨɥɬɟɪ. ɌɊɄɆ ɟɫɬɶ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɣ, ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɢɺɦɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɯ [2, ɫ. 7]. ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɌɊɄɆ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɧɚɫ ɤ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɪɟ- ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ: – ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɭɱɚɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɚɭɱ- ɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ; – ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɢɡɥɚɝɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɫ ɩɨɦɨ- ɳɶɸ ɭɫɬɧɨɣ ɪɟɱɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɟɧɧɨ; – ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɢ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɨɛɨɛɳɚɸɳɢɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ; – ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɦɢ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɦɢ; – ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ; – ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ. ȼ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɜɵɲɥɚ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɨɛɳɟɟ ɨɛɨɡɪɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ 90-ɯ ɝɝ. ɢ ɧɨɫɢɬ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɨɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ «ɑɬɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɨ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡ- ɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ». ɉɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɦɫɹ ɫ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɺɧɧɵɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ «ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟ- ɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ». ȼ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɯ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɤɪɢ- ɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ, ɢɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ, ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹɦ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ Ȼɭɬɟɧɤɨ Ⱥ. ȼ., ɏɨɞɨɫ ȿ. Ⱥ., ɩɨɞ ɤɪɢ- ɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɡɜɵɲɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚ- ɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ, ɚ ɟɳɟ «ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɨɟ, ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɜ- ɧɨɟ», ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɣ, ɚ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɣ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ, ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɟ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧ- ɧɨɦ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɟ ɢ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɰɟɞɟɧɬɚɯ [1, ɫ. 98]. Ʉɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɢ, ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɤɫɬɚɦɢ. ɑɬɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɨ – ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟ- ɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɜɢɬɶ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɫɹ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ. ɑɬɟɧɢɟ – ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ, ɜ ɤɨ- ɬɨɪɨɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɍɟɤɫɬ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ, ɟɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ: ɱɢɬɚɬɶ, ɩɟɪɟɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ, ɚɧɚ- ɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɧɚɤɨɧɟɰ, ɫɨɱɢɧɹɬɶ. 275 Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɸ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɞɜɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ: 1) ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɭɪɨɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɬɪɺɯ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ: ɜɵɡɨɜ, ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɟ- ɮɥɟɤɫɢɹ; 2) ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ, ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɥɟɠɚɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɥɟɠɚɬ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ. Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɬɪɟɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɣ: ɷɬɚɩ ɜɵɡɨɜɚ, ɷɬɚɩ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɷɬɚɩ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɢ. ɉɟɪɢɨɞ «ɜɵɡɨɜɚ» ɡɚɞɚɟɬ ɬɨɧ ɭɪɨɤɚ. ɗɬɨɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɟɧ. Ɍɭɬ ɫɥɭ- ɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɟ, ɬ. ɟ. ɟɳɺ ɞɨ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ (ɩɨɞ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɬɟɤɫɬ, ɢ ɪɟɱɶ ɜɨɫ- ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɜɢɞɟɨ) ɭɱɚɳɢɣɫɹ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɞɭɦɚɬɶ ɧɚɞ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚ- ɥɨɦ. ɇɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɪɭɛɟɠɟ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ, ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ. ɇɚ ɪɭɛɟɠɟ «ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɹ» ɫɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɨɣ ɢ ɧɟɢɡ- ɜɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. ɂɞɟɬ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɫ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ-ɱɬɟɧɢɟɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɨɩɪɹɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɞɟɹɧɢɹɦɢ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ: ɦɚɪɤɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɫ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɧɚɱɤɨɜ «v», «+», «–», «?», ɩɨɞɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ, ɪɨɡɵɫɤɚ ɨɬɜɟɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɭɫɬɚ- ɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ 1 ɱɚɫɬɢ ɭɪɨɤɚ ɢ ɬ. ɞ. ȼ ɢɬɨɝɟ, ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɫɜɟɠɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɫɨɨɬɧɨɫɹɬ ɫɜɟɠɢɟ ɢ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɭɸɬ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ. ɗɬɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɭɱɚɳɢɣɫɹ ɫɚɦ ɢɞɟɬ ɩɨ ɫɬɨɩɚɦ ɤ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɸ. ɉɟɪɢɨɞ «ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɢ» ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ. ɂɞɺɬ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɪɚɫɬɟɬ ɪɨɥɶ ɩɨɫɥɚɧɢɹ. ɉɨɫɥɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɥɢɲɶ ɜɡɹɬɶ ɜ ɬɨɥɤ ɬɟɦɭ ɢ ɩɨɞɭɦɚɬɶ ɧɚɞ ɬɟɦ, ɫɨɛ- ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵ ɱɢɬɚɟɬɟ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɫɜɟɠɢɟ ɦɵɫɥɢ. ɇɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɜɨɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢ- ɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɪɹɞ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ. Ɉɩɟɪɢɪɭɹ ɢɦɢ, ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɪɨɤɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɡɪɟɥɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɟ- ɧɢɤɨɜ, ɰɟɥɹɦɢ ɭɪɨɤɚ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɦ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ. ȿɫɥɢ ɭɪɨɤ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɟ ɊɄɆɑɉ, ɬɨ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɡɚɛɵɬɶ ɨ ɫɥɟ- ɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɯ: – ɫɥɨɠɧɭɸ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ ɧɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ «ɜɵɡɨɜ» ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɥɢ ɨɫɬɪɨɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨ ɭɞɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɹ, ɨɫɨɡɧɚɥɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɟ, ɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɨɧɢ ɫɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɛɨ- ɡɧɚɱɢɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɸɳɢɟ ɢɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ; – ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɢɡ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢɦ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɥɟɝɱɟ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɟɟ ɭɫɜɨɢɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ; – ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɹ ɭɪɨɤɚ – ɷɬɨ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɤ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɭɪɨɤɭ. ɇɚ ɷɬɚɩɟ «ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɹ» ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɢɬɶ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɫɹ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɰɟɥɢ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ. 276 Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ- ɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɨ: – ɧɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ 1–2 ɩɪɢɺɦɚ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɢ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɺɦɭ. ɂɧɚɱɟ ɬɚɤɚɹ ɪɚ- ɛɨɬɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɧɟɫɺɬ ɧɢɤɚɤɨɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ: – ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɢ- ɺɦɨɜ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ; – ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɭɪɨɤ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɭɩɨɪ ɧɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɢɺɦɨɜ ɌɊɄɆ, ɧɚ ɢɯ ɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɧɨ ɧɢ ɜ ɤɨɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɚ ɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ; – ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɛɨɥɟɟ 70 % ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɛɹ ɫɚɦɢ, ɚ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɥɭɲɚɥɢ ɫɥɚɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɪɟɱɶ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ; – ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɞɟɬɹɦ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɢɬɶ ɫɟɛɹ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɫɜɨɺ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɨɟ; – ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ, ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɧɟ ɫɬɟɫɧɹɹɫɶ ɭɱɢ- ɬɟɥɹ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɜɧɟɫɺɬ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨ- ɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ. ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɪɞɢɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɺɦɨɜ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɩɨɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɜɟɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɧɚ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ. ȼ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɣɬɢ ɤ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɜɵɜɨɞɭ, ɱɬɨ ɌɊɄɆ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɨ – ɟɫɬɶ ɧɟɤɚɹ ɧɢɲɚ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟ- ɧɹɬɶ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ, ɫ ɩɨ- ɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɢɫɶɦɚ ɢ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɟ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜ ɬɟɤ- ɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɯ, ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɚ ɟɫɬɶ ɰɟɥɶ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɊɄɆɑɉ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɰɟɥɵɣ ɪɹɞ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ȼɭɬɟɧɤɨ, Ⱥ. ȼ. Ʉɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ: ɦɟɬɨɞ, ɬɟɨɪɢɹ, ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɭɱɟɛ.-ɦɟɬɨɞ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ / Ⱥ. ȼ. Ȼɭɬɟɧɤɨ, ȿ. Ⱥ. ɏɨɞɨɫ. – Ɇ.: Ɇɢɪɨɫ, 2013. 2. ɉɪɨɤɢɧɚ, Ʌ. ɉ. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɱɬɟ- ɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɨ (ɊɄɆɑɉ) ɩɪɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɦɭ ɹɡɵɤɭ ɫ ɦɟɬɨ- ɞɢɤɨɣ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ʌ. ɉ. ɉɪɨɤɢɧɚ // Ɇɨɥɨɞɨɣ ɭɱɟɧɵɣ. – 2016. – ʋ 15. – ɋ. 500–506. – URL https://moluch.ru/archive/119/33065/ (ɞɚɬɚ ɨɛ- ɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ: 04.11.2018).

277 ɍȾɄ 373.3 Ɉ. ɇ. ɋɭɛɛɨɬɢɧɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ «Ⱦɨɦ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɇɨɜɨɤɭɡɧɟɰɤɨɝɨ ɦɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɣɨɧɚ», Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]

ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɢ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ

ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ «Ɂɟɧɚɪɬ», ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɤ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɢɞɚɦ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ. Ⱥɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɜ ɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɜɧɟ- ɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ.

Ɍɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ, ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɟ, «Ɂɟɧɚɪɬ», ɭɡɨɪɵ, ɩɨɱɟɪɤ, ɦɟɥɤɚɹ ɦɨɬɨɪɢɤɚ, ɜɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ

O. N. Subbotina, Municipal Budgetary Institution for Supplementary Education «Novokuznetsk District Centre of Children’s Creativity Novokuznetsk municipal district», Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]

The use of modern methods of drawing in educational and extracurricular activities of primary school children

The article deals with the disclosure of creative abilities of children through the use of modern Zenart drawing techniques as well as the development of interest in modern forms of fine art. The author describes the use of this technique in the classroom and extracurricular activities of primary school children.

Creative ability, drawing, «Zenart», pattern, handwriting, fine motor skills, imagination.

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɦ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɍɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ – ɷɬɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ- ɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɦɭ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɨɣ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢ- ɤɨɜ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɥɨɫɶ ɭɠɟ ɧɟɦɚɥɨ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ, ɧɨ ɨɧɚ ɞɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶ- 278 ɧɨɣ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɥɸɞɹɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ- ɧɵ ɤɪɟɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɶ, ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢ ɤ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦ, ɩɪɟɞɭɝɚɞɵɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɦ ɜɢɞɨɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɟ- ɬɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɋɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɜɥɟ- ɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ, ɧɨ ɢ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɟ. ɑɟɪɟɡ ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟɧ ɤ ɫɚɦɨɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɸ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɹ ɫɜɨɟ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɥɢɫɬ ɛɭ- ɦɚɝɢ. Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɢ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɬ ɡɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɟɱɢ, ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ, ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ, ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɸ. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɪɨɤɢ ɩɪɢɭɱɚɸɬ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɤ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɟ, ɭɫɢɞɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ, ɬɟɪ- ɩɟɧɢɸ. ɉɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɜɟɥɢɱɚɣɲɟɝɨ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɚ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ, Ʌɶɜɚ ɋɟɦɟɧɨɜɢɱɚ ȼɵɝɨɬɫɤɨɝɨ, ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ «ɜɟɞɭɳɢɦ ɜɢɞɨɦ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɞɟɬɫɬɜɟ». ɇɢ ɨɞɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɨɛɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɛɟɡ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɩɨ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɭ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ, ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɹɯ, ɰɜɟɬɨɜɨɦ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɨɠ- ɧɵɦ. Ɇɧɨɝɢɟ ɞɟɬɢ ɨɳɭɳɚɸɬ ɧɟɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɫɢɥɚɯ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨ ɫɬɪɚɯɚ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɫɹ. Ʉɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ, ɭ ɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɞɭ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɹɹ ɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ, ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɷɬɭ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɨ. ɋɨɡɞɚɜɚɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɧɟɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ «Ɂɟɧɚɪɬ». ɇɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ «Ɂɟɧɚɪɬ», ɧɟ ɩɨ- ɯɨɠɢ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ ɫɬɢɥɢ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɗɬɨ ɰɟɥɚɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɫɧɨ- ɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɬ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɲɬɪɢɯɚ ɞɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɟɱ- ɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ. Ɋɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɬɢɥɟ «Ɂɟɧɚɪɬ» – ɷɬɨ ɧɨɜɚɹ, ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟ- ɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɦɢɪɟ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ, ɤɚɤ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ 10 ɥɟɬ. ȼ «Ɂɟɧɚɪɬɟ» ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɟ ɜɚ- ɠɟɧ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɷɬɢɦ ɜɢɞɨɦ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɠɟɥɚɸ- ɳɢɣ, ɤɚɤ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɣ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ. Ɋɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɡɚɦɵɫɥɨɜɚɬɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɩɥɟɬɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɡɨɪɨɜ. ȼɫɺ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɚ, ɜɟɫɶ ɤɨɧɬɭɪ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɦɢ ɱɟɪɬɨɱ- ɤɚɦɢ, ɡɚɜɢɬɭɲɤɚɦɢ, ɬɨɱɤɚɦɢ, ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɬ.ɩ. ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟ- ɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨ- ɩɨɪɰɢɢ ɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ, ɚ ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɬɤɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɥɢɧɢɸ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣ, ɮɨɪɦɢ- ɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɜɵɤ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɪɚɫɢɜɵɯ, ɢɡɨɝɧɭɬɵɯ ɥɢɧɢɣ [2]. ɇɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ, ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɥɢɫɬ ɛɟɥɨɣ ɛɭɦɚɝɢ ɢ ɝɟɥɟɜɚɹ ɪɭɱɤɚ ɱɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɭ ɹɪɤɢɯ ɧɨɬɨɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɰɜɟɬɧɵɟ ɤɚɪɚɧɞɚɲɢ ɢ ɚɤɜɚɪɟɥɶ. 279 ɉɪɢɦɟɧɹɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɧɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɸ. Ɉɧɢ ɫ ɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɧɟɨɛɵɱɧɵɟ ɢ ɭɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ. Ɇɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɭɡɨɪɨɜ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɤɭɧɭɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɦɢɪ ɮɚɧɬɚɡɢɢ, ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. Ɂɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɪɹɞ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɤɪɟɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ, ɜɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɜ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɦɟɥɤɨɣ ɦɨɬɨɪɢɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɬɟɫɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ. Ɋɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɥɤɢɯ ɨɞɧɨ- ɬɢɩɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɫɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɟɬɚɥɹɯ ɢ ɭɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɦɵɫɥɹɯ. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɵɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɭɱɚɬ ɩɪɚ- ɜɢɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɜɵɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɥɢɫɬɟ ɛɭɦɚɝɢ. Ƚɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɢ- ɫɭɧɤɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɥɢɧɢɣ, ɮɢɝɭɪ, ɮɨɪɦ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɬɢɥɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɟɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ, ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɟ ɢɥɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟɦ ɭɡɨɪɨɜ. ɋɜɨɟɣ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ, ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɩɪɢ- ɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɜ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ «Ɂɟɧɚɪɬ» ɨɬɜɟɱɚɟɬ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɛɨɥɶ- ɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɢ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ. ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɭ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ. Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɥɨɯɨɣ ɩɨɱɟɪɤ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɦɵɣ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɥɨɦɚɧɵɯ ɥɢɧɢɣ, ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɜɵɫɨɬɨɣ ɛɭɤɜ, ɧɟɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɞɨɱɟɬɨɜ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɢɫ- ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɩɢɫɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟɨɯɨɬɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɹɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɩɹɬɢɦɢɧɭɬɨɤ ɩɨ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɭɡɨɪɨɜ «Ɂɟɧɚɪɬ», ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɯɨɞ ɭɪɨɤɚ, ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɩɪɟɞɦɟ- ɬɭ ɢ ɫ ɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɲɚɝɨɜɵɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɞɟɬɹɦ ɜ ɧɟɩɪɢɧɭɠɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨ- ɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɪɢɫɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɡɨɪɵ, ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ, ɱɟɬɤɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɧɢɣ. Ɇɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɭɡɨɪɨɜ ɪɚɡ- ɜɢɜɚɟɬ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɭɤɢ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɛɥɚɝɨɬɜɨɪɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɪɚɡ- ɜɢɬɢɟ ɤɪɚɫɢɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɱɟɪɤɚ. ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɯ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɨɜ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɞɟɬɹɦ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɢ- ɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ, ɭɞɢɜɥɹɟɬ ɦɚɝɢɟɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɬɨɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ. Ɇɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɭɡɨɪɨɜ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɨɤɭɧɭɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɭɞɢɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɢɪ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥ- ɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɬɶ «ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ» ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɜɟɞɶ ɤɚɤɢɦ ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜ ɢɬɨɝɟ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɫɚɦ ɚɜɬɨɪ. ɉɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɨɩɵɬ, ɜ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɢɞ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɛɭ- ɞɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɞɟɬɹɦ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɢɟ.

280 Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ɂɵɪɹɧɨɜɚ, Ⱥ. ɋ. ȼɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɜ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɦ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ⱥ. ɋ. Ɂɵɪɹɧɨɜɚ // Ɇɨɥɨɞɨɣ ɭɱɟɧɵɣ. – 2015. – ʋ 8. – ɋ. 850–852. 2. Ɋɢɫɭɟɦ ɜ ɫɬɢɥɟ Ɂɟɧɚɪɬ [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ] / Ɍ. Ƚɟɪɚɫɢɦɨɜɚ. – ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ. ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɞɚɧ. – Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: https://www.colors.life/post/550645/, ɫɜɨ- ɛɨɞɧɵɣ. 3. ɒɚɯɚɧɢɧɚ, Ʌ. ɂ. ɇɟɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɪɚɡɜɢ- ɬɢɹ ɤɪɟɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]. / Ʌ. ɂ. ɒɚɯɚɧɢɧɚ, ȿ. ȼ. Ɏɟɞɨɪɢɳɟɜɚ, Ɉ. ȼ. Ɋɵɠɤɨɜɚ, Ɂ. ɂ. ɑɟɩɢɠɟɧɤɨ // ɇɚɭɱɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ «Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɬ». – 2015. – Ɍ. 38. – ɋ. 191–195. – URL: http://e-koncept.ru/2015/45146.htm.

ɍȾɄ 373.3 ɇ. Ʉ. ɒɭɦɢɥɨɜɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 44», ɉɨɥɵɫɚɟɜɫɤɢɣ ȽɈ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]

ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɜɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ

ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɷɜɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɷɜɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨ- ɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ.

ɗɜɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ, ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜ- ɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ, ɤɪɟɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ, ɨɪɝɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ.

N. K. Shumilova, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «General Education School ʋ 44», the city of Polysaevo, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]

The use of heuristic methods as a means of development of universal educational actions of primary school children

The article discusses the use of heuristic methods in teaching primary schoolchildren. The influence of heuristic training on the formation of universal educational actions is considered. 281 Heuristic methods, universal educational actions, cognitive methods, creative methods, organizational methods.

ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪ- ɬɚ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨ-ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɭɧɢ- ɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟ- ɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɢɯ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɭ ɢ ɢɧ- ɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ. ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ (ɍɍȾ) – ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɨɛɭɱaɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɟɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɸ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ, ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɵɯ, ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ, ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬ- ɧɵɯ ɍɍȾ ɜ ɧaɱaɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ (ɜ ɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ) ɩɨɦɨ- ɝɚɸɬ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ – ɮɨɪɦɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɢ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ, ɝɞɟ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ. ɍɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɧɟ ɜ ɪɨɥɢ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɭɪɨɤɚ. Ⱦɟɬɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɜ ɝɨɬɨɜɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ, ɚ ɞɨɛɵɜɚɸɬ ɢɯ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɷɜɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ. ɋɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɤɪɵ- ɬɢɟ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɨɦ ɤɚɤɢɯ-ɥɢɛɨ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɺɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɭɱɟɛ- ɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɦɭ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɸ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭ- ɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɹ, ɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɷɜɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɶ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɬɶ ɢɡɜɟɫɬ- ɧɭɸ ɢɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɡɚɜɟɪɲɢɬɶ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ ɜ ɡɚɞɚɱɟ, ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɸ. ɗɜɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɣ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ, ɞɨɛɪɨɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ. ȼɚɠɧɵɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɨɳɪɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ- ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɣ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ. ɇɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɸɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɛɭɠɞɚɸɬ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɪɚɡɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹɦ ɢ ɤ ɩɨɢɫɤɭ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɨɬɜɟɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɢ ɢ ɬɟ ɠɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ. Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɫɚɦɢɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɢ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ. Ɏɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɷɜɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ – ɷɬɨ ɬɟ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚ- ɱɟɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟ- ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ: ɢɞɟɣ, ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɨɜ, ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɩɨɞɟɥɨɤ, ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡ- ɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɞɪ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɜɪɢɫɬɢ- ɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ: – ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ; – ɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ; – ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ; 282 – ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɨɦ; – ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɵɯ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡ ɢ ɨɬɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ; – ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɣ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ. ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɜɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ Ⱥɧɞɪɟɣ ȼɢɤɬɨɪɨɜɢɱ ɏɭɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɹɫɶ ɧɚ ɜɢɞɚɯ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵ- ɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɭɱɟɧɢɤ, ɨɧ ɫɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɨɜɚɥ ɷɜɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. 1) Ʉɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ – ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɣ ɦɢɪ, ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɹɜɥɟ- ɧɢɣ, ɡɚɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɫɜɨɺ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɜɨ- ɩɪɨɫɚ ɢ ɞɪ. Ʉɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ: ɦɟɬɨɞ ɜɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɦɟɬɨɞ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɢ- ɞɟɧɢɹ, ɦɟɬɨɞ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ, ɦɟɬɨɞ ɨɬɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɚɤɬɨɜ ɨɬ ɧɟɮɚɤɬɨɜ (ɢɳɟɦ ɮɚɤ- ɬɵ, ɩɨɬɨɦ «ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɦ» ɨɬ ɧɟɮɚɤɬɨɜ), ɦɟɬɨɞ ɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢ- ɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɟɧɢɹ, ɦɟɬɨɞ ɷɜɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ (Ʉɬɨ? ɑɬɨ? Ƚɞɟ? Ʉɚɤ? Ʉɨ- ɝɞɚ? Ɂɚɱɟɦ? ɑɟɦ?), ɦɟɬɨɞ ɷɜɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ, ɦɟɬɨɞ ɷɜɪɢɫɬɢɱɟ- ɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɦɟɬɨɞ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɡ, ɦɟɬɨɞ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɦɟɬɨɞ ɤɨɧ- ɫɬɪɭɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ, ɦɟɬɨɞ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ, ɦɟɬɨɞ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɣ, ɦɟɬɨɞ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɨɪɢɣ. 2) Ʉɪɟɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ – ɜɞɨɯɧɨɜɥɺɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɮɚɧɬɚɡɢɹ, ɝɢɛɤɨɫɬɶ ɭɦɚ, ɱɭɬɤɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɹɦ; ɪɚɫ- ɤɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɵɫɥɟɣ ɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜ, ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɣ; ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɪ. Ʉɪɟ- ɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ: ɦɟɬɨɞ ɩɪɢɞɭɦɵɜɚɧɢɹ, ɦɟɬɨɞ «ȿɫɥɢ ɛɵ…», ɦɟɬɨɞ ɨɛɪɚɡ- ɧɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ, ɦɟɬɨɞ ɫɢɧɟɤɬɢɤɢ, «ɦɨɡɝɨɜɨɣ ɲɬɭɪɦ», ɦɟɬɨɞ ɝɢɩɟɪɛɨɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɦɟɬɨɞ ɢɧɜɟɪɫɢɢ (ɦɟɬɨɞ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ), ɦɟɬɨɞ ɚɝɝɥɸɬɢɧɚɰɢɢ (ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ- ɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ). 3) Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ (ɨɪɝɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ) ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨ- ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ – ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɢ ɢɯ ɩɨɹɫɧɹɬɶ; ɭɦɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɰɟɥɶ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɺ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ. Ɉɪɝɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ- ɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ: ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɰɟɥɟɩɨɥɚɝɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ, ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɫɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɦɟ- ɬɨɞɵ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɧɨɪɦɨɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɦɟɬɨɞ ɪɟɰɟɧɡɢɣ, ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɷɜɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɢ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɢ. ɇɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɷɤɫɤɭɪɫɢɣ ɪɟɛɹɬɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬ ɡɚ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɠɢɜɨɣ ɢ ɧɟɠɢɜɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɣ. ɇɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ – ɫɚɦɵɣ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ- ɧɵɣ ɢ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ. Ɍɚɤ, ɜɨ 2-ɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɟ «ɉɨɱɟɦɭ ɩɬɢɰɵ ɭɥɟɬɚɸɬ ɜ ɬɺɩɥɵɟ ɤɪɚɹ?». ɋɬɚɪɬɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɷɤɫɤɭɪɫɢɹ ɜ ɩɚɪɤ, ɝɞɟ ɪɟɛɹɬɚ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɧɚɦɟɱɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɥɚɧɭ. ɉɥɚɧ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɷɤɫɤɭɪɫɢɢ: – Ʉɚɤɭɸ ɩɬɢɰɭ ɜɢɞɟɥɢ? – Ɉɩɢɲɢ ɟɺ. – ɑɟɦ ɨɧɚ ɩɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ? – ɉɨɱɟɦɭ ɨɧɚ ɧɟ ɭɥɟɬɟɥɚ? 283 – Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɩɬɢɰɵ ɭɥɟɬɟɥɢ? – Ʉɚɤ ɬɵ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɲɶ, ɩɨɱɟɦɭ ɨɧɚ ɧɟ ɭɥɟɬɟɥɚ? ɇɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɪɟɛɹɬɚ ɢɳɭɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɜ ɞɟɬɫɤɢɯ ɷɧɰɢɤɥɨ- ɩɟɞɢɹɯ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬɟ ɨ ɩɬɢɰɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɭɥɟɬɟɥɚ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬ ɡɚɝɚɞɤɢ ɨ ɧɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɞɭɦɵɜɚɸɬ ɫɚɦɢ, ɨɮɨɪɦɥɹɸɬ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɭɸɬ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɨ- ɦɨɝɚɸɬ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ⱥ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚ- ɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚ- ɜɢɬɶ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɜ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ. ɗɜɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɤ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧ- ɧɨɟ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ; ɢɡɨɛɪɟɫɬɢ ɮɚɧɬɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɟ, ɩɥɚɧɟɬɭ; ɫɨɱɢɧɢɬɶ ɫɤɚɡɤɭ, ɡɚɝɚɞɤɭ, ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟ- ɧɢɟ, ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɵɣ ɪɨɥɢɤ; ɨɬɵɫɤɚɬɶ ɤɚɤɭɸ-ɥɢɛɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ; ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜɢɤɬɨɪɢɧɭ, ɢɝɪɭ, ɤɪɨɫɫɜɨɪɞ; ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɝɚɡɟɬɭ, ɦɨɞɟɥɶ, ɜɢɞɟɨɮɢɥɶɦ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚɹ ɧɚɞ ɡɚɝɚɞɤɨɣ ɜ 3-ɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ, ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɥɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɚɞɨɤ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɡɚɝɚɞɤɢ. 1) Ɂɭɛɚɫɬɵ, ɚ ɧɟ ɤɭɫɚɸɬɫɹ. (Ƚɪɚɛɥɢ) 2) ɇɚ ɚɪɛɭɡ ɩɨɯɨɠɚɹ – Ɍɨɠɟ ɬɨɥɫɬɨɤɨɠɚɹ. Ʉ ɩɥɚɬɶɸ ɠɺɥɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɜɵɤɥɚ, Ƚɪɟɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɥɧɰɟ … (Ɍɵɤɜɚ) Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɝɚɞɤɢ, ɪɟɛɹɬɚ ɩɪɢɲɥɢ ɤ ɜɵɜɨɞɭ, ɱɬɨ ɩɟɪɜɚɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɚ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɜɬɨɪɚɹ – ɩɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ. ɇɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɡɚɝɚɞɤɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɯ, ɚ ɞɚɥɟɟ–ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɦɚ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɜɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨ- ɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɟ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɢ ɫɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɬɶ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɜɵɹɜɥɹɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸ- ɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɩɨ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ. Ȼɨɥɶɲɟ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹ- ɸɬ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɷɜɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɷɜɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ, ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬ: ɨɛɳɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɚ; ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ; ɨɬɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɷɜɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɝɢɛɤɨɦɭ ɢ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɦɭ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɸ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ; ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɦɨɬɢɜɚ- ɰɢɢ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɤ ɭɱɟɧɢɸ; ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɢɡɭ- ɱɚɟɦɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ; ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɭ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ: ɚɧɚɥɢɡ, ɫɢɧɬɟɡ, ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ, ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ, ɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɹ, ɩɨɢɫɤ ɢɧɮɨɪ- ɦɚɰɢɢ, ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɭ, ɫɨ- ɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɚɬɶ ɜ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ, ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ. 284 Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ⱥɫɦɨɥɨɜ, Ⱥ. Ƚ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ: ɨɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɤ ɦɵɫɥɢ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] : ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ / ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. Ⱥ. Ƚ. Ⱥɫɦɨɥɨɜɚ. – Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 2010. – 151 ɫ. 2. ɏɭɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ, Ⱥ. ȼ. ɗɜɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ⱥ. ȼ. ɏɭɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ. – Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 1998. – 345 ɫ. 3. ɏɭɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ, Ⱥ. ȼ. ȼɵɯɨɞ ɢɡ ɤɚɩɤɚɧɚ: ɡɜɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɪɟɚɥɶ- ɧɨɫɬɶ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ⱥ. ȼ. ɏɭɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ // ɇɚɪɨɞɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ. – 1999. – ʋ 9. – ɋ. 120–126. 4. ɏɭɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ, Ⱥ. ȼ. Ⱦɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɷɜɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ: Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɤɪɟɚ- ɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ⱥ. ȼ. ɏɭɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ. – Ɇ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɆȽɍ, 2003. – 416 ɫ.

ɍȾɄ 371 ȼ. Ƚ. ɑɟɪɟɦɢɫɢɧɚ, ȽɈɍ ȾɉɈ(ɉɄ)ɋ Ʉɭɡɛɚɫɫɤɢɣ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɝ. Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɨ E-mail: [email protected]

Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɬɶɸɬɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɤɚɞɪɨɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ

ɋɬɚɬɶɹ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɶɸɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ, ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɸ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ, ɮɨɪɦ ɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

Ɍɶɸɬɨɪ, ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɣ, ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ.

V. G. Cheremisina, State Educational Institution for Further Vocational Education (Professional Development) «Kuzbass Regional Institute for Professional Development and Retraining of Education Workers», Kemerovo E-mail: [email protected]

International research under the conditions of tutor support of pedagogical and managerial staff of the region

The article is devoted to the analysis of the functioning of the tutor system of education in Russian and international practice. The author discusses methods, forms and tools of international studies of the quality of education.

285 Tutor, international research, tools, quality of education.

Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢ- ɜɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɢɯ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬ- ɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭ- ɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɢ ɬɚɥɚɧɬɚɦ. Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɱɺɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɫ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɨ- ɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ, ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɭɫɥɨ- ɜɢɣ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ (ɤɚɞɪɨɜɵɯ, ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ- ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɞɪ.), ɱɬɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ – ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ, ɪɨɞɢɬɟ- ɥɟɣ. Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɦ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɟɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɨɰɟɧ- ɤɟ ɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɵ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɭɱɺɧɵɯ [1]. Ʉɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɹɜɥɹɹɫɶ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɵɦ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɩɪɚɜ- ɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ, ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɝɨɫɭ- ɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɚɡɚ [2]. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɟ- ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɧɚ ɭɞɨ- ɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɜ ɤɚɞɪɨɜɨɦ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɟ [3]. ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɟɬɟɜɨɦ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣ- ɫɬɜɢɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ, ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɶɸɬɨɪɫɬɜɨ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɚɦ ɛɥɢɡɤɢ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɤɨ- ɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬ ɬɶɸɬɨɪɫɬɜɨ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɢɧ- ɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. Ɍɶɸɬɨɪɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ – ɷɬɨ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɶɸɬɨ- ɪɚ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛ- ɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɨɛ- ɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɢ ɬɶɸɬɨɪɚɧɬɚ (ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠ- ɞɚɟɦɨɝɨ) [4]. Ɂɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɚɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɚɯ) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɬɶɸɬɨɪ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ/ɤɥɚɫɫɚ (form tutor), ɜ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɤɭɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɢ ɢɥɢ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɭɱɚ- ɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ (ɞɨ 30 ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ). Ɍɶɸɬɨɪɵ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ/ɤɥɚɫɫɚ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɜ ɝɨɞɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚɯ (Year Teams), ɜɨɡ- ɝɥɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɝɨɞɨɜɵɦ ɥɢɞɟɪɨɦ (Year Leader), ɝɥɚɜɨɣ ɝɨɞɚ (Year Head) ɢɥɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɦ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ (Guidance Teacher) [7]. Ɉɛ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶ- ɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɮɚɤɬɵ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɚɯ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɶɸɬɨɪɚ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ/ɤɥɚɫɫɚ (form tutor) [7], ɜ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢ- 286 ɬɟɬɫɤɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɶɸɬɨɪɫɬɜɚ (academic tutoring) [8], ɫɬɭɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɶɸɬɨɪɫɬɜɚ (peer tutoring) [9], ɨɧ- ɥɚɣɧ ɬɶɸɬɨɪɫɬɜɚ (online tutoring), ɩɪɢɫɭɳɟɟ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɞɢɫɬɚɧ- ɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ [7]. ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨ- ɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɶɸɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɧɟ ɨɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɧɨ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɨɬ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɬɶɸɬɨɪɚ ɢ ɬɶɸɬɨɪɚɧɬɚ (ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɦɨɝɨ). ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, Ʌɶɸɢɫ Ⱥɧɞɟɪɬɨɧ ɜɢɞɢɬ ɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɜ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɬɶɸɬɨɪɚɦ ɧɟ ɨɩɥɚɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɢɯ ɬɶɸɬɨɪɫɤɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɬ.ɤ. ɨɧɚ ɹɜ- ɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ. ɉɪɨɜɟɪɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɹɦɢ (Committee of Public Account) ɛɵɥɢ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɪɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɨɩɥɚɬɵ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɢ ɩɨɨɳ- ɪɟɧɢɣ ɬɶɸɬɨɪɨɜ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ [10]. ȼ ɨɬɟ- ɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɦɵ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɭɸ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ «ɬɶɸɬɨɪ», ɤɚɤ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ, ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ, ɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɢ «ɬɶɸɬɨɪ», ɤɚɤ ɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɢɤ ɜ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɨɝɨ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɟɝɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛ- ɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɚ, ɜ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɧɟɬ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɟɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɟɦɶɢ, ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɦ ɩɨ- ɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ. ȼɟɡɞɟ, ɝɞɟ ɢɞɟɬ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɬɶɸɬɨɪɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɡɧɢ- ɤɚɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɧɨ- ɜɨɝɨ [11]. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɬɪɭɞɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɭ- ɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ, ɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɧɟɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬɶɸ- ɬɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ, ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɚɞɪɨɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɢ ɢɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚ- ɧɢɸ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɤ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧ- ɰɢɚɥɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ. ȼ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɵɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫ 2011 ɝɨɞɚ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɬɶɸɬɨɪɫɬɜɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɤɚɤ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɱɟɥɨ- ɜɟɤɚ, ɩɨɡɧɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɜɨɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ. Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɨ- ɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤ ɧɚ ɨɫ- ɧɨɜɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧ- ɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɚɭɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡ- ɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ [13, 14, 15]. 287 Ɇɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɭɞɚɱɧɨ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɸɳɚɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɞɪɚɯ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨ- ɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨ- ɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɷɬɨ- ɝɨ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ (ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ, ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ, ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ ɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. Ɇɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɚɹ ɫɢ- ɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚ- ɰɢɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɢ, ɱɬɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ, ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɤ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɦɭ ɜɵɩɨɥ- ɧɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ. Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɤɚɤ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪ, ɢɡɦɟɧɹɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɫɚɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɤ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɸ ɞɨ- ɫɬɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ [16]. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɦɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɬɶɸɬɨɪɭ – ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɭ ɫ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɦ «ɢɦɦɭɧɢɬɟɬɨɦ» ɤ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ ɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦ ɮɚɤ- ɬɨɪɚɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɢɞɟɬɶ, ɫɥɵɲɚɬɶ, ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ, ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɢ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɧɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɜɫɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɢɪɭɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. Ɍɶɸɬɨɪ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɪɚɡ- ɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵ (ɦɟɬɨɞɵ, ɮɨɪɦɵ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɞɪ.), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɬ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɟɝɨ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɚɹ, ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɜɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨ- ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦɢ [16]. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɦɨɣ ɧɚɦɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɟ- ɜɨɣ ɬɶɸɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɪɨɜ- ɧɹɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɵ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɭɸ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɸ ɬɶɸɬɨɪɚ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɩɪɨ- ɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɨɝɨ ɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ, ɨɫ- ɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɬɶɸɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɟɝɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭ- ɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɢ (ɢɥɢ ɤɚɪɬɟ ɩɭɬɢ). Ɍɶɸɬɨɪ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɟɬ ɜɡɚɢɦɨ- ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ, ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɭɹ ɧɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟ- ɧɢɟ ɟɞɢɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɭɧɢ- ɤɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɨɝɨ ɢ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɬɶɸ- ɬɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɭɱɚɫɬ- ɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɜɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ: ɡɚɤɚɡ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ- ɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɭɠɟɧ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟ ɨɬ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ 288 ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɧɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ. Ɉɫɨɡɧɚɧɧɵɣ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ (ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɪɨɞɢ- ɬɟɥɟɣ – ɤɚɤ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɚɡɱɢɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ) ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ: «ɑɟɦɭ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɱɟɝɨ ɹ ɧɚɦɟɪɟɧ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ?» [17]. ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ, ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ, ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ, ɚ ɜɫɟ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɟɞɢɧɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɨɣ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɨɜ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ. ɇɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟ- ɦɟ ɬɶɸɬɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ. Ɍɶɸɬɨɪɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɚɞɪɨɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ. «Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ – ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɢɧ- ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɧɨ-ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɹɯ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ. ɉɨɤɚ ɦɵ ɧɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɢɯ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɦ. ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɦɵ ɩɨ- ɥɭɱɚɟɦ, ɝɨɪɚɡɞɨ ɜɚɠɧɟɟ, ɱɟɦ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɟɣɬɢɧɝɢ», – ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚɥɚ ɜ ɫɜɨɺɦ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ Ⱥɫɫɨ- ɰɢɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ IEA Ⱥɧɧɟ-Ȼɟɪɢɬ Ʉɚɜɥɢ. ɉɨ ɟɺ ɫɥɨɜɚɦ, ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚ- ɬɟɥɢ, ɧɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɢ. ɇɨ, ɬɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, «ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚ- ɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶ- ɧɵɦɢ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɧɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɟ ɜɢɞɧɨ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ». ȼ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨ- ɜɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɟ ɬɶɸɬɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ- ɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ (ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ). ɋɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɜɫɟ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɢ, ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɝɨɬɨɜɵ ɤ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɫɦɟɧɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɵ ɢ ɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶ- ɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ. ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɨ- ɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ, ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ, ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɣ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɚ- ɦɨɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ. ɋɬɚɥɨ ɨɱɟ- ɜɢɞɧɵɦ, ɱɬɨ «ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶ ɜɫɟɯ» ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɧɢ- ɦɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟ. ɇɚɲɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɥɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ. ɇɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɹ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɣ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɧɨ- ɜɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɦɢ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɤɚɞɪɚɦɢ ɜ ɪɟɝɢɨ- ɧɚɯ.

289 Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɂɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɣ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ

ʋ ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɋɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɩ/ɩ 1 TIMSS: (Third x ɬɟɫɬɵ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ; Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ ɩɨ International x ɚɧɤɟɬɵ (ɞɥɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ, ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɫɬɢ- Mathematics ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɠɟɧɢɣ (IEA) ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢ- and Science ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɪɟ- ɦɨɣ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜ- Study) ɠɞɟɧɢɹ, ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɨɜ ɜ ɨɛɥɚ- ɧɨɣ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ- ɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚ- ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ ɢ ɬɟɥɟɣ ɡɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɢɫɫɥɟ- ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ- ɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ); ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ. x ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟ- Ɉɧ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɟ ɧɢɟ (ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛ- ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚ- ɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɰɟɥɶɸ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨ- ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢ- ɜɚɧɢɸ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɢ, ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞ- ɤɢ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɫɬɜɨ ɞɥɹ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɨɪ- ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɢɧɚɬɨɪɨɜ, ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɫɨ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɚɦɢ, ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɩɨ ɜɜɨɞɭ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɪ.); x ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟ- ɧɢɟ (ɩɨ ɨɬɛɨɪɭ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ, ɩɨ ɜɜɨɞɭ ɞɚɧ- ɧɵɯ). 2 PISA: ɦɟɠɞɭ- ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɬɟɫɬ PISA Ȼɵɥ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɜ 1997 ɝɨɞɭ, ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɟ ɫɪɚɜ- ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ 50 ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɲɺɥ ɜ 2000 ɝɨɞɭ. ɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫ- ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɟ (85 ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ), Ɍɟɫɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɟɬ Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɚ- 13 – ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ (28 ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ) 28 – ɟɫɬɟ- ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɫɨɪɰɢɭɦɟ ɫ ɜɟ- ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɬɜɨɡɧɚɧɢɸ (54 ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ). ɞɭɳɢɦɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɭɱ- (Programme for Ɍɟɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟ- ɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ, ɩɪɢ ɭɱɚ- International ɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɫɬɢɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ. Ɋɭ- Student ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢ- ɤɨɜɨɞɢɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɤɨɧɫɨɪɰɢɭɦɚ Assessment). ɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɤɚɤ ɤɪɚɬɤɢɯ, Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɜɟɬ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢ- ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨ- ɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ (ACER) ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɨɬɜɟɬɨɜ. ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɇɢɞɟɪ- ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɫ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɦɢ ɨɬ- ɥɚɧɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɢ- ɜɟɬɨɜ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ ɬɭɬɚ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ (CITO), ɋɥɭɠɛɵ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɫɬɚ. ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɋɒȺ (ETS), ɇɚɰɢ- Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚ- 290 ʋ ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɋɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɩ/ɩ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɬɟɤɫɬ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ, ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɝɪɚ- (NIER) ɜ əɩɨɧɢɢ; ȼɟɫɬɚɬ ɋɒȺ ɮɢɤɢ, ɤɚɪɬɵ, ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɵɟ (WESTAT) ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɚɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɬ- ɛɭɤɥɟɬɵ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɢɧ- ɧɵɯ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢ- ɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ. ɡɚɰɢɣ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɐɟɥɶɸ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɩɪɨ- ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜɨɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɬ 3-ɯ ɞɨ 6-ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɩɵɬ ɞɥɹ ɲɢɪɨ- ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɤɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɮɟɪɚɯ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟ- ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɭ, ɬɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɢɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɭɸ ɫ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɬɟɤ- ɫɬɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɟɣ, ɢ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɟɟ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɧɨ ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ. ɉɨ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ɬɟɫɬɨɦ, ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɭɱɚɫɬ- ɧɢɤ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 30 ɦɢɧɭɬ ɚɧɤɟɬɭ ɪɟɫɩɨɧɞɟɧɬɚ. ɗɬɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɨ ɲɤɨɥɟ (ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧ- ɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɭɫɥɨ- ɜɢɹɦɢ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɹ), ɫɟɦɶɟ (ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɫɨɰɢ- ɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ) ɢ ɥɢɱ- ɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɯ (ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɭ, ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɤ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɞɪ.). ȼ ɚɧɤɟɬɧɨɦ ɨɩɪɨɫɟ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨ- ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ) 3 ICILS: ɦɟɠɞɭ- Ʉɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɣ ɬɟɫɬ CIL, Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɟ ɢɫ- ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɪɹɞ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɫɬɢ- ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɚɭɬɟɧɬɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ ɠɟɧɢɣ (IEA) ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɦ- ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɜ ɛɟɫɲɨɜɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ. ɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɢ ɍɱɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɚɧɤɟɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɣ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚ- ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧ- ȼɨɩɪɨɫɧɢɤ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ (ɜɤɥɸ- ɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɨɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɧɚɰɢɨ- ɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨ- ɱɚɹ ɫɫɵɥɤɢ ɧɚ ɫɚɣɬɵ ɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-

291 ʋ ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɋɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɩ/ɩ ɫɬɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɸ- SEAES 2006) ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɨɜ ɢ ɳɢɯɫɹ 8-ɯ ȼɨɩɪɨɫɧɢɤ ɲɤɨɥɵ (ɜɤɥɸ- ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ- ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɱɚɹ ɫɫɵɥɤɢ ɧɚ SEAES ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ. (International 2006) Ɉɧ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɟ Computer and Ɉɛɡɨɪ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧ- ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛ- Information ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ Literacy Study). ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢ- ɤɢ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ʉ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɦɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟ- ɧɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɪɚɡ – ɜ 2013 ɝɨɞɭ ɐɟɥɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ – ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɭɱɟɛɟ, ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɢ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɜ ɜɟɤ ɢɧ- ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɢɡɭɱɢɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɩɨɞ- ɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ 8 ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ- ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɰɚɯ, ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛ- ɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɧɚ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ 4 PIRLS: ɢɫɫɥɟ- ȼ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɢ PIRLS Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟ- ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɜɚ ɜɢɞɚ ɱɬɟ- ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɫɬɢ- ɫɬɜɚ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɱɚɳɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɠɟɧɢɣ (IEA). ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɉɪɨɟɤɬ PIRLS ɛɵɥ ɫɨɡɞɚɧ ɩɨɞ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɷɝɢɞɨɣ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚ- (Progress in ɢ ɜɧɟ ɲɤɨɥɵ: ɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟ- International x ɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɪɢɨɛ- ɧɢɣ (IEA). ȼɫɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ Reading ɪɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɥɢ- ɡɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ Literacy ɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ; ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜɨɡɥɨɠɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɛɨ- Study). x ɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɫɜɨɟ- ɫɬɨɧɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɞɠ Chestnut Hill ɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧ- (Ɇɚɫɫɚɱɭɫɟɬɫ, ɋɒȺ). ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɢɫ- ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɤɨɧɰɟɩ- ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ Ƚɚɦɛɭɪɝɟ (Ƚɟɪɦɚɧɢɹ). ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɱɬɟɧɢɢ ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫ ɰɟ- ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɥɶɸ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ (ɧɚɭɱ- ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɭɱɚ- ɧɨ-ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ) ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ ɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɜ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɦɢɪɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɣ ɜ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ: ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨ-

292 ʋ ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɋɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɩ/ɩ x ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚ- ɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚ- ɰɢɢ, ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɹɜɧɨɦ ɜɢ- ɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ. ɞɟ; x ɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɵɜɨ- ɞɨɜ; x ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɨɛ- ɳɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ; x ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɨɞɟɪ- ɠɚɧɢɹ, ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧ- ɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ 5 ICCS: ɦɟɠɞɭ- ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɨ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɟ ɢɫ- ɧɚ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɲɟɫɬɢ ɨɫɧɨɜ- ɨɰɟɧɤɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɫɬɢ- ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɵɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ: ɠɟɧɢɣ (IEA). ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ x Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɜ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɝɪɚɠ- ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɚɟɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɨɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ; ɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɢ ɢ (International x ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚ- ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɝɪɚɠ- Civic and ɧɢɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɫ ɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɨ ɩɪɟɞ- Citizenship 1999 ɝɨɞɚ; ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ Education x ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɤ ɧɟɦɭ ɭ ɦɨɥɨɞɵɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ Study). ɭɱɚɫɬɢɸ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ; x ȼɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɭɝɪɨɡ ɞɥɹ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ; x Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɲɤɨɥ ɢ ɤɥɚɫ- ɫɨɜ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ- ɫɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ; x Ⱥɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɢ ɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨ- ɫɜɹɡɶ ɫ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ- ɧɢɹ. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɜɤɥɸ- ɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ 4 ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶ- ɧɵɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ: x ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ; x ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ; x ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ; x ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɚɹ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱ- ɧɨɫɬɶ. 6 TALIS (Teach- ɋɭɬɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɥɸ- ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ TALIS ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ing and Learn- ɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɚɧɤɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ing International ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ. ɋɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ Survey) Ⱥɧɤɟɬɚ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚ- (ɫɨɤɪ. ɈɗɋɊ, ɚɧɝɥ. Organisation

293 ʋ ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɋɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɩ/ɩ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞ- ɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟ- for Economic Co-operation and ɧɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚ- ɫɤɢɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ, ɤɚɤ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞ- Development, OECD) – ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚ- ɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɫɬɜɨ ɲɤɨɥɨɣ, ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɪɚɛɨ- ɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚ- ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɵ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɰɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ, ɩɪɢɡɧɚɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɢɦɚɬ, ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧ- ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟ- (Teaching and ɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ- ɦɨɤɪɚɬɢɢ ɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɨɣ Learning Inter- ɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ. national Survey, ɫɪɟɞɟ. ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɚɧɤɟɬɵ ɋɨɡɞɚɧɚ ɜ 1948 ɝɨɞɭ ɩɨɞ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢ- TALIS)/ Ɇɟɠ- ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɟɦ Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚғɰɢɹ ɟɜɪɨɩɟғɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɟ ɢɫ- ɪɹɞ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɩɪɨ- ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢғɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨ- ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɜɢ- ɬɪɭғɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ (ɚɧɝɥ. Organisation ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɢɸ, ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɸ ɜ ɰɟ- for European Economic Coopera- ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ ɩɨ ɜɨ- ɥɨɦ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɟ- tion, OEEC) ɞɥɹ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɩɪɟɩɨ- ɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ- ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɤɨɧ- ɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɭ- ɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ, ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ Ɇɚɪɲɚɥɥɚ. (Teaching and ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɥɟɤ- ɒɬɚɛ-ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɫ- Learning ɬɢɜɚ. ɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɒɚɬɨ ɞɟ ɥɚ Ɇɸɟɬɬ, International ɇɚɞɨ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ TALIS ɜ ɉɚɪɢɠɟ. Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɟɤɪɟ- Survey). ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɢ ɟɞɢɧ- ɬɚɪɶ (ɫ 2006 ɝɨɞɚ) – ɏɨɫɟ Ⱥɧɯɟɥɶ (ɈɗɋɊ) ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦ Ƚɭɪɪɢɚ Ɍɪɟɜɢɧɶɨ (Ɇɟɤɫɢɤɚ). Ɋɭ- ɨɩɪɨɫɨɦ ɜ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶ- ɤɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɈɗɋɊ ɹɜɥɹ- ɧɨɦ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɜɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɚɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɧ – ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ȼɫɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɺɦ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ. ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɧɫɟɧɫɭɫɚ 7 TEDS-M ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧ- ȼɟɞɭɳɢɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ (Teacher Educa- ɬɨɜ, TEDS-M ɩɪɨɜɟɥɚ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ tion Study in ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɜ Ɇɢɱɢɝɚɧɫɤɨɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ Mathematics) ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢ- Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɟɣ ɟɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɧɢɤɚ ɩɨ ɢɧɫɬɢ- ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ; ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɆɗȺ), Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɢɣ- ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɩɪɨɫ ɩɪɟ- ɫɤɢɦ ɫɨɜɟɬɨɦ ɩɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɜ ɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɧɚɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɰɢɨ- ɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɢɧ- ɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɬɢɬɭɬɚɯ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɦɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɧɢɤɚ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟ- ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɥɹ; ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨ- ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɛɡɨɪɵ ɛɭ- ɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɞɭɳɢɯ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɜɵɛɨɪ- ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɢ ɦɚɪɲ- ɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɟ ɪɭɬɚɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɝɨɬɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɸ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ Ɉɫɧɨɜɚ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɹ: Ⱥɧɤɟɬɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ

294 ʋ ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɋɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɩ/ɩ Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ: ɩɟɪ- ɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɨɛɭɱɟ- ɧɢɹ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ Ɉɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɭ ɢ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɦ ɫɜɹɡɹɦ 8 PIAAC – ɦɟɠ- Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɉɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɷɝɢɞɨɣ Ɉɪɝɚɧɢ- ɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɟ ɢɫ- ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɧɫɬɪɭ- ɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢ- ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɤɥɸ- ɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ (ɈɗɋɊ). ɇɚɰɢ- ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɣ ɱɚɟɬ ɛɥɨɤɢ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɡɚɞɚ- ɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɪɟɚɥɢ- ɜɡɪɨɫɥɨɝɨ ɧɢɣ ɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɧɢɤ (ɚɧɤɟɬɭ, ɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ PIAAC ɜ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ (The ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɭɸ ɞɥɹ ɫɛɨ- Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ Programme for ɪɚ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚ- ɎȽȻɍ «Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ the International ɰɢɢ), ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸ- ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ» Assessment of ɳɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ: (ɨɧɨ ɠɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ Adult Compe- 1. ɉɪɹɦɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ: TALIS) tencies). x ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ; ɉɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɦ ɨɫɭ- x ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ; ɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ, ɦɨɧɢɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɢ x ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɬɚɬɶ. ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ x ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɟ- ɡɚɞɚɱ ɜ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨ- ɞɢ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɝɢɱɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ. ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫ- 2. ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɣ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɧɢɤ: ɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ x ɞɟɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚ- ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ. (ɈɗɋɊ) ɬɟɥɢ; x ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ; x ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢ- ɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ; x ɡɚɧɹɬɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɞɨ- ɯɨɞɚ; x ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚ- ɰɢɨɧɧɨ- ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯ- ɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ (ɂɄɌ) ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɱɟɬɚ. 3. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ: x ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ – ɱɬɟɧɢɟ, ɩɢɫɶɦɨ, ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢ- ɤɚ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɂɄɌ; x ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ – ɢɧ- ɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɥɟɝ, ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ,

295 ʋ ɇɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɋɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɩ/ɩ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɝɨ- ɜɨɪɵ; x ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ – ɢɫ- ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɣ ɢ ɦɟɥɤɨɣ ɦɨɬɨɪɢ- ɤɢ; x ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ – ɤɨ- ɭɱɢɧɝ, ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶ- ɧɨɟ/ɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɭɱɟ- ɧɢɟ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɵ- ɤɨɜ.

ɉɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɶɸɬɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɹ- ɳɢɯ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɚɞɪɨɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɨɣɧɨɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɠ- ɞɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ, ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɹ ɡɧɚ- ɧɢɹ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɩɪɟɞɧɚ- ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɭ. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɬɶɸɬɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɯ ɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɛɥɚ- ɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɝɨ, ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɟɤɬɨɪɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɚɪɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚ- ɧɢɹ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ: ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ, ɞɭɯɨɜɧɵɯ, ɧɪɚɜ- ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ; ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɝɟɧɬɚ, ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɚɞɪɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ, ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ ɲɤɨɥ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚ- ɡɨɦ, ɬɶɸɬɨɪɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚ ɨɛɟɫ- ɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɨɣɧɨɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. ɂɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɤɢ ɢ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɬɶɸɬɨɪɫɬɜɚ. [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]: ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ: ɯɪɟɫɬɨɦɚɬɢɣɧɵɣ ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɩɨ ɞɢɫ- ɰɢɩɥɢɧɟ «ɂɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɤɢ ɢ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɬɶɸɬɨɪɫɬɜɚ» / Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ: ɒɤɨɥɚ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɢ. [ɫɨɫɬ. Ⱥ. ȼ. Ɇɟɞɜɟɞɟɜɚ, ɂ. Ȼ. Ʉɥɸɛɢɧɚ]. – ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ. ɞɚɧ. – ȼɥɚɞɢɜɨɫɬɨɤ: Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟ- ɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɮɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ, 2014. – Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ : http : //uss.dvfu.ru/struct/publish_center/index.php?p=epublications. 2. Ʉɟɝɟɹɧ, ɋ. ɗ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɫɬɨɜ-ɬɶɸɬɨɪɨɜ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɋ. ɗ. Ʉɟɝɟɹɧ // Ʌɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɟɦɶɹ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ: ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɢ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ: ɫɛ. ɫɬ. ɩɨ 296 ɦɚɬɟɪ. IX ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪ. ɧɚɭɱ.-ɩɪɚɤɬ. ɤɨɧɮ. ɑɚɫɬɶ III. – ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ: ɋɢɛȺɄ, 2011. 3. Ʉɨɤɚɦɛɨ, ɘ. Ⱦ. Ɍɶɸɬɨɪɫɬɜɨ ɤɚɤ ɧɨɜɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / ɘ. Ⱦ. Ʉɨɤɚɦɛɨ, Ɉ. ȼ. ɋɤɨɪɨɛɨɝɚɬɨɜɚ // ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ Ⱥɦɭɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ, 2013, ȼɵɩ. 60: ɋɟɪ. Ƚɭɦɚɧɢɬɚɪ. ɧɚɭɤɢ. – ɋ. 110–115. 4. Ʌɹɯ, ɘ. Ⱥ. Ɍɶɸɬɨɪɫɤɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɢɧ- ɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ- ɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ / ɘ. Ⱥ. Ʌɹɯ, Ⱦ. ɂ. Ʉɚɡɚɧɰɟɜ, ɋ. Ⱥ. Ɇɢɧɸɪɨɜɚ, ȿ. Ʌ. ɍɦ- ɧɢɤɨɜɚ. // ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ. 2014. ʋ 12. URL: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/munitsipalnaya-sistema-otsenki-kachestva- obrazovaniya-kak-instrument-sravnitelnoy-otsenki-konkurentosposobnosti- obrazovatelnyh-1 (ɞɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ: 13.09.2018). 5. Ɍɪɨɮɢɦɨɜɚ, Ƚ. ɂ. Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɭɪɨɜɧɟɜɨɣ ɬɶɸɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɛɭ- ɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ƚ. ɂ. Ɍɪɨɮɢɦɨɜɚ, ȼ. Ƚ. ɑɟɪɟɦɢɫɢɧɚ. – ɉɭɬɶ ɧɚɭɤɢ. – ȼɨɥɝɨɝɪɚɞ: ɇɚɭɱɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɡɪɟɧɢɟ, 2017. – ʋ 3(37). – Ɍɨɦ 1. – ɋ. 110–116. 6. Ɍɪɨɮɢɦɨɜɚ, Ƚ. ɂ. Ɍɶɸɬɨɪɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟ- ɫɤɢɯ ɤɚɞɪɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ / Ƚ. ɂ. Ɍɪɨɮɢɦɨɜɚ, ȼ. Ƚ. ɑɟɪɟɦɢɫɢɧɚ. – ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧ- ɧɵɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ. – Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ: ɇɚɭɱɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ «Ɉɥɢɦɩ», 2017. – ʋ 4. – ɋ. 503–507. 7. ɒɭɦɚɤɨɜɚ, Ʉ. ɋ. Ɍɶɸɬɨɪɢɧɝ ɤɚɤ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨ- ɝɨɜ // ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ. 2012. ʋ 1. URL: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/tyutoring-kak-forma-povysheniya-kvalifikatsii- pedagogov (ɞɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ: 13.09.2018). 8. Anderton, L. Re-Designing the Personal Tutoring System. Self Initiated Project / Louise Anderton. // ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ. 2014. ʋ6. URL: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/tyutorskie-tehnologii-v- sisteme-obucheniya-shkolnikov (ɞɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ: 13.09.2018). 9. Gordon, E. Centuries of Tutoring. A History of Alternative Education in America and Western Europe / Edward E. Gordon, Elaine H. Gordon. – University Press of America. Inc., 2008. 10. The Role of Tutoring Morecambe. Featured Local Company. University of Oxford. [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]. / URL: http://www.ox.ac. uk/ admissions/online_and_distance_courses. 11. Topping, K. The peer tutoring handbook: Promoting cooperative learning. / K. Topping. – Cambridge, MA: Brookline Books, 1988. 12. Tutorial teaching // University of Oxford Institute for the Advancement of University Learning, [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]. Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: (URL:http://www.learning.ox.ac.uk/media/global/wwwadminoxacuk/localsites /oxfordlearninginsttute/documents/supportresources/lecturersteachingstaff/reso urces/resources/ Tutorial_Teaching.pdf) (ɞɚɬɚ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ 22.06.2018 ɝ.)

297 ɍȾɄ 373.3 ɂ. ɇ. ɑɢɪɭɯɢɧɚ, Ɇɭɧɢɰɢɩɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɸɞɠɟɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ «ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɨɛɳɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ʋ 1», Ȼɟɪɟɡɨɜɫɤɢɣ ȽɈ, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ. E-mail: [email protected]

ɍɱɟɛɧɚɹ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ

ɋɬɚɬɶɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɩɨ ɪɚɡ- ɜɢɬɢɸ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ.

Ɇɨɬɢɜ, ɭɱɟɛɧɚɹ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ, ɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɧɨɫɬɶ.

I. N. Chirukhina, Municipal Budgetary Educational Institution «General Education School ʋ 1», the city of Berezovsky, Kemerovo Region E-mail: [email protected]

Learning motivation as a condition for achieving results in learning academic subjects

The article contains recommendations for primary school teachers on the development of educational motivation of primary school students.

Motive, motivation to learning, comfort.

ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ – ɷɬɨ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɟɟ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠ- ɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜ, ɡɨɧɵ ɟɟ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɭ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɤɥɚɫ- ɫɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ. ɉɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɭ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ ɧɚɞɨ ɜɵɹɜɢɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ, ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ (ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ, ɦɨɬɢɜɵ), ɜɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ (ɰɟɥɢ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɹ). Ɇɨɬɢɜ – ɷɬɨ ɧɟɤɚɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚ, ɩɨɛɭɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɤ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ. Ɇɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ – ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ, ɩɨɛɭɠɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɤ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ʉɚɤɢɟ ɠɟ ɦɨɬɢɜɵ ɩɨɛɭɠɞɚ- ɸɬ ɤ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ? ɂɝɪɨɜɨɣ ɦɨɬɢɜ – ɭɱɭɫɶ, ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɢɝɪɚɬɶ. ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɣ ɦɨɬɢɜ – ɭɱɭɫɶ, ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɯɨɱɭ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɭ, ɱɭɜɫɬɜɭɸ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɪɨɞɢɬɟ- ɥɹɦɢ. ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ - ɭɱɭɫɶ, ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɧɪɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɛɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɤɥɚɫɫɧɢɤɚɦɢ. 298 ɍɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɦɨɬɢɜ – ɭɱɭɫɶ, ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɯɨɱɭ ɭɡɧɚɜɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɨɟ, ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ- ɧɨɟ: ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭ ɭɱɟɛɵ: ɧɪɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɞɭɦɚɬɶ, ɞɨɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɨ ɢɫɬɢɧɵ; ɢɧ- ɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ: ɧɪɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɭɡɧɚɜɚɬɶ ɧɨɜɨɟ. ɉɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɬɢɜ – ɭɱɭɫɶ, ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɯɨɱɭ ɡɚɜɨɟɜɚɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɬ ɭ ɫɜɟɪɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɯɨɱɭ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜɟɫɨɦɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ. ȼɧɟɲɧɢɣ ɦɨɬɢɜ – ɭɱɭɫɶ, ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ, ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɤɭɩɹɬ ɜɟɥɨɫɢɩɟɞ ɢ ɬ. ɞ. ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ ɦɨɬɢɜ – ɭɱɭɫɶ, ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɸ, ɱɬɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɦɧɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ. Ɇɨɬɢɜ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɩɟɯɚ – ɯɨɱɭ ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɝɨ, ɦɨɝɭ ɷɬɨ ɫɞɟ- ɥɚɬɶ, ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɸ ɪɚɞɨɫɬɶ ɨɬ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɇɨɬɢɜ ɢɡɛɟɝɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɭɞɚɱ – ɧɟ ɭɜɟɪɟɧ, ɱɬɨ ɭ ɦɟɧɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɫɹ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɭ ɛɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɡɚ ɷɬɨ, ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɛɢɞɧɨ, ɟɫɥɢ ɹ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɭ ɩɨɯɜɚɥɭ. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɟɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɡɜɚɬɶ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ. ȿɺ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜ- ɥɟɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɭ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɪɚɡ- ɜɢɬɢɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ. ɋɦɵɫɥ ɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ: – ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɹ; – ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɟ ɜ ɛɥɢɡɤɨɦ ɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ; – ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɪɢɬɹɡɚɧɢɣ, ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɚ. Ⱦɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɭɱɺɬɟ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ, ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɹ ɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɫɨ- ɡɧɚɜɚɹ ɪɨɥɶ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɩɨ- ɧɢɦɚɹ, ɱɬɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɢ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɟ ɝɚɫɧɟɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɨɝɞɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɧ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɭɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɦ. ɗɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ. ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. Ɉɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ ɬɨɪ- ɦɨɡɹɬ. Ʉ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɷɦɨɰɢɹɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬ: ɪɚɞɨɫɬɶ, ɭɞɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨ- ɪɟɧɢɟ, ɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɝɨɪɞɨɫɬɶ, ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɬ. ɞ. Ʉ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ – ɫɬɪɚɯ, ɨɛɢɞɭ, ɞɨɫɚɞɭ, ɫɤɭɤɭ, ɛɟɫɩɨɤɨɣɫɬɜɨ, ɭɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɬ. ɞ. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ- ɜɚɬɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɺɦɵ, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɟɛɟɧɨɤ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɨɧ ɩɪɢɲɺɥ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɭ ɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤ: 1. ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ «ɷɤɪɚɧɚ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ», ɝɞɟ ɞɟɬɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɪɚɡ- ɧɵɯ ɰɜɟɬɨɜ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɺ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ. 2. Ɂɚɜɟɫɬɢ ɠɭɪɧɚɥ, ɝɞɟ ɪɟɛɺɧɨɤ ɧɚɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɢɬ ɫɜɨɺ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɤɨɜ. 299 3. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɫɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɛɥɚɧɤɚɦɢ ɫ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɤɨɜ ɫ ɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ. 4. Ⱦɟɬɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɡɚɩɢɫɤɢ ɢ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɜ ɤɨɪɨɛɤɭ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɭɪɨ- ɤɚɦɢ. Ɍɚɤɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɞɧɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɨɛ- ɪɚɬɧɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɨɬ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ. ɋ ɤɚɤɢɦ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟɦ ɭɯɨɞɢɬ ɨɧ ɞɨɦɨɣ. ɍɱɢɬɟɥɸ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɞɧɹ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɤɚ, ɢ ɩɨ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɡɚ- ɞɚɧɢɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɦɨɰɢɣ: 1. ɋɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɪɟɛɺɧɤɚ ɜ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɭɫɩɟɯɚ: ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɢɧ- ɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɧɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ, ɚ ɧɟ ɫ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ, ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɞɪɭ- ɝɢɦɢ; ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɭɫɩɟɯɚ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ: «ɯɨɱɭ – ɡɧɚɸ – ɭɦɟɸ – ɦɨɝɭ»; ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɤɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɨɰɟɧ- ɤɢ ɡɚ ɭɪɨɤ (ɧɚɛɪɚɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɠɟɬɨɧɨɜ, ɛɚɥɥɨɜ). 2. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɸɦɨɪɚ. 3. ɉɨɨɳɪɟɧɢɟ, ɜɨɡɧɚɝɪɚɠɞɟɧɢɟ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɡɚ ɩɪɨɞɟɥɚɧɧɭɸ ɫɥɨɠɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɠɞɺɬ ɫɸɪɩɪɢɡ, ɥɢɛɨ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ- ɥɢɛɨ ɡɚɞɚ- ɧɢɹ; 4. ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɟɫɧɵɟ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ ɡɚ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ, ɧɨ ɩɪɚ- ɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɺɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. 5. ȼɪɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɤ, ɝɪɚɦɨɬ, ɜɵɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɥɭɱɲɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬ. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ: 1. ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ: ɫɩɪɚɲɢɜɚɣɬɟ ɭ ɧɟɝɨ: «Ɍɵ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɺɧ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ?»; ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɤɚɠɢɬɟ ɟɦɭ: «Ɍɵ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɫɩɪɚɜɢɥɫɹ ɫ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ»; ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɠɟ ɭɫɜɨɢɥɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɥɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ, ɦɨ- ɝɭɬ ɨɬɞɨɯɧɭɬɶ. ɉɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɶɬɟ ɞɥɹ ɧɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ; ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɢɡɛɟɝɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɭɞɚɱ, ɫɬɨɢɬ ɞɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɢɯ ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɭ, ɡɚɳɢɬɹɬ ɨɬ ɩɭɛ- ɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɪɢɬɢɤɢ. 2. Ʉɚɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɱɚɳɟ ɫɬɚɜɶɬɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɰɟɥɢ: ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɵ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɤɥɚɫɫ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɟɦɭ ɞɟɬɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ, ɤɚɤɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ, ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɬɟ ɩɨɥɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɫ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɦɢ ɜɵ- ɛɨɪɚ; ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɣɬɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦ ɫɚɦɢɦ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ; ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɬɟ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɢ; ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɬɟ ɨɞɚɪɺɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɨɬɫɬɚɸɳɢɦ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɥɚɧɵ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɵ (ɢɥɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ). 3. ɉɨɦɨɝɚɣɬɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɪɟɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɧɵɟ ɰɟɥɢ:

300 ɩɨɨɳɪɹɣɬɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɬɚɜɹɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɢɦɵɟ ɰɟɥɢ, ɩɨɩɪɨ- ɛɭɣɬɟ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɭɫɥɨɠɧɹɬɶ ɢɯ. ɟɫɥɢ ɜɢɞɢɬɟ, ɱɬɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɢ ɫɬɚɜɹɬ ɧɟ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɟ ɰɟɥɢ, ɩɪɟɞ- ɥɨɠɢɬɟ ɢɦ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɭ; ɪɚɫɫɩɪɨɫɢɬɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɤɚɤ ɨɧɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɧɚɞ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟ- ɧɢɟɦ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ, ɱɬɨ ɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɧɚɞɨɛɢɬɫɹ ɢ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɧɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚ- ɸɬ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɢɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ. 4. ɉɨɦɨɝɚɣɬɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦ ɛɵɬɶ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɡɚ ɭɞɚɱɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɦɚɯɢ: ɟɫɥɢ ɪɟɛɺɧɨɤ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɨɲɢɛɤɭ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɚ- ɬɨɱɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ, ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɬɟ ɨɛɫɭɞɢɬɶ ɷɬɨ ɫ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦɢ; ɟɫɥɢ ɜɵ ɫɚɦɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɢɥɢ ɨɲɢɛɤɭ, ɛɭɞɶɬɟ ɫɚɦɨɤɪɢɬɢɱɧɵ ɢ ɨɬɜɟɬ- ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵ ɡɚ ɫɜɨɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɬɨɠɟ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɨɛɫɭɞɢɬɶ ɫ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɦ. ɗɬɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢɛɚɜɢɬ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɹ ɤ ɜɚɦ; 5. ɉɨɦɨɝɚɣɬɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚɦ ɭɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɢɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶ- ɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɬɪɭɞɚ: ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɩɪɨɫɢɬɟ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɜ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɫɨɛɟ ɬɪɭɞɧɵɦ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɧɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɫɩɪɚɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɫɩɟɯɨɜ, ɧɨ ɢ ɧɟɭɞɚɱ; ɫɬɚɪɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɢɡɛɟɝɚɬɶ ɛɵɫɬɪɵɯ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜ ɨ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɯ ɭɫɩɟɯɨɜ ɢ ɧɟ- ɭɞɚɱ ɞɟɬɟɣ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɭɱɟɛɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɛɟɧɤɚ ɩɨɛɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɦɨɬɢɜɨɦ, ɚ ɰɟɥɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɦɨɬɢɜɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɩɥɟɬɚ- ɸɬɫɹ, ɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɚ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ. ȼ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɢɦɟɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɸɸ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɸ ɲɤɨɥɶ- ɧɢɤɚ, ɨɧ ɯɨɱɟɬ ɭɱɢɬɶɫɹ. ɋɪɟɞɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɨɬɢɜɨɜ ɭɱɟ- ɧɢɹ, ɩɨɠɚɥɭɣ, ɜɟɞɭɳɢɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɨɬɢɜɵ «ɞɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɪɚɞɨɫɬɶ ɪɨɞɢɬɟ- ɥɹɦ», «ɯɨɱɭ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɡɧɚɬɶ», «ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨ». ɍɱɟɧɢɤ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɜɵɫɨ- ɤɢɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ, ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ – ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɨɨɳɪɟɧɢɣ, ɡɚ- ɥɨɝ ɟɝɨ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɹ.

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1. Ȼɨɠɨɜɢɱ, Ʌ. ɂ. Ʌɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɟɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɦ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɟ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ] / Ʌ. ɂ. Ȼɨɠɨɜɢɱ. – Ɇ.: ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɚ, 1968. 2. ȼɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɚɹ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]: ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤ / ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. Ɇ. ȼ. Ƚɚɦɟɡɨ. – Ɇ.: ɇɚɭɤɚ, 1984. 3. Ʌɟɨɧɬɶɟɜ, Ⱥ. ɇ. Ⱦɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. ɋɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ. Ʌɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]. / Ⱥ. ɇ. Ʌɟɨɧ- ɬɶɟɜ. – Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ,1982. 4. Ʌɟɨɧɬɶɟɜ, Ⱥ.ɇ. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɫɢɯɢɤɢ. [Ɍɟɤɫɬ]. / Ⱥ. ɇ. Ʌɟɨɧɬɶɟɜ. – Ɇ.: ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɚ, 1972.

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ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ

ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ………………………………………………………...... 3 Ɋɚɡɞɟɥ 1. Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟ- ɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ………………...... 4 Ⱥɧɬɢɩɢɧɚ Ɉ. Ɏ., Ɍɨɥɨɱɤɢɧɚ ɇ. Ⱥ. ȼɢɞɵ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɭɱɚ- ɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ………………………………………………...... 4 Ȼɚɡɟɧɤɨ ɂ. ɋ. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ- ɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ …………………………………………...... 8 Ȼɚɪɤɨɜɚ Ʌ. ȼ., Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜɚ ȿ. ɗ., ɋɭɯɨɪɭɳɟɧɤɨ ɂ. ȼ. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɪɮɨ- ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ …………………………...... 11 Ȼɨɱɤɚɪɟɜɚ ȿ. ɂ. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛ- ɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ …………………………………...... 15 Ƚɪɟɱɤɨ ɋ. Ⱥ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɚɞ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ 1-ɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ……………. 19 ȿɪɨɮɟɟɜɚ ɇ. ɇ., Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟɟɜɚ Ʌ. ȼ., ɓɭɪ Ɉ. ȼ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɤɚɤ ɩɭɬɶ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ……………………………………………………….. 23 Ɂɚɩɢɜɚɯɢɧɚ Ɍ. ȼ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɤ ɱɬɟɧɢɸ ɤɚɤ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɹ ……………………………………… 29 ɂɝɧɚɬɶɟɜɚ ɋ. ȼ., Ɏɢɥɢɦɨɧɟɧɤɨ Ⱥ. Ⱥ., ɇɚɣɞɟɧɤɨ Ɇ. ɂ. ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟ- ɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟ- ɧɢɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ …………………………………...... 33 ɂɜɥɟɜɚ ɗ. ɂ., Ʉɭɠɟɥɟɜɚ Ɍ. Ⱥ. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɤɚɤ ɜɚɠɧɵɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ……. 38 ɂɥɶɹɫɨɜɚ ȿ. ȼ. Ɋɨɥɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɢɬɟ- ɥɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɎȽɈɋ …………………….. 42 Ʉɨɪɨɥɟɜɚ ɇ. Ʉ. ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ – ɡɚɥɨɝ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ …………………………………………………...... 46 Ʉɭɪɬɨɜɚ ɂ. Ⱥ., Ʉɥɸɱɟɪɨɜɚ Ɍ. ȼ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɪɢɦɟ- ɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɝɪɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ………...... 50 Ʉɭɬɟɪɝɢɧɚ ȿ. Ȼ., ȼɥɚɫɨɜɚ O. ɂ., Ʌɚɧɱɚɤɨɜɚ ȿ. ɉ., Ƚɚɜɪɢɥɟɧɤɨ Ɉ. ɂ. ɋɢɫɬɟ- ɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɤ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɨɰɟɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪ …... 53 Ʌɚɡɚɪɟɜɚ Ʌ. ɂ. Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨ-ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ...... 58 Ʌɟɛɟɞɟɜɚ ȿ. ɉ. ȼɫɟɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ: ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɵ ………………………...... 64 Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɟɧɤɨ Ʉ. ɇ. Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɎȽɈɋ ɇɈɈ (ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟ- ɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ) …………………………………… 71

302 ɉɨɩɨɜɚ Ɉ. ȼ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚ «Ɉɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɣ ɦɢɪ» ɤɚɤ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ …………………………………...... 75 Ɋɨɦɚɧɨɜɚ Ɍ. ɇ., ɉɨɬɟɪɭɯɚ ȿ. Ⱥ. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɦɭɡɵɤɢ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɎȽɈɋ ………………………………………………… 80 ɘɞɚɤɨɜɚ Ʌ. Ȼ., ɋɜɨɪɨɛ ȿ. ȼ. ɉɭɬɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɭ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ …………………………………………….. 83 Ɋɚɡɞɟɥ 2. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ………………………………………………………………… 88 Ⱥɫɚɞɭɥɥɢɧɚ Ɍ. ɘ., ɀɢɞɤɨɜɚ Ʉ. Ⱥ. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɦɟɬɚ- ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵ- ɤɚ ɢ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɷɜɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɟ- ɧɢɹ ………………………………………………………………...... 88 Ȼɢɤɨɜɟɰ ȿ. Ⱥ., ɋɚɩɨɠɧɢɤɨɜɚ ȿ. ɉ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɟɞɚɝɨ- ɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ………………...... 91 ȿɪɟɦɢɧɚ Ʌ. ȼ., Ȼɚɲɤɨ ȿ. Ɇ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɟ- ɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɤɚ …………...... 94 ȿɪɦɚɱɟɧɤɨ ȿ. ɂ. Ʉɥɚɫɬɟɪ ɤɚɤ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ …99 Ʉɚɪɚɤɭɥɨɜɚ Ɍ. Ɍ. ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨ- ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ……………………………………...... 102 Ʉɨɠɟɜɧɢɤɨɜɚ Ʌ. ɉ., ɇɚɤɨɧɟɲɧɸɤ ɇ. ȼ. ɉɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ………. 105 Ʉɪɚɜɰɨɜɚ ɂ. Ȼ. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɍɍȾ ………………………………………… 110 Ʉɭɡɶɦɢɧɵɯ ɇ. ɂ. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬ-ɤɚɪɬ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚ- ɧɢɹ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ……………………………………. 114 ɉɨɩɨɜɚ Ɉ. ɘ. Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜ- ɧɵɯ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ………….. 118 Ɋɚɡɝɨɧɹɟɜɚ Ʌ. ɘ. ɉɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ … 122 Ɋɭɛɰɨɜɚ Ɍ. ȼ., ɑɟɪɧɵɲɟɜɚ Ɉ. ɗ., Ʉɚɡɚɪɰɟɜɚ ȿ. Ƚ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ …… 127 ɋɚɦɨɲɤɢɧɚ ɇ. Ⱥ., ɉɟɪɟɥɵɝɢɧɚ ɇ. Ⱥ. ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫ ɈȼɁ …………………………………………… 130 ɋɭɜɟɪɨɜɚ Ɋ. Ɇ. Ɋɨɥɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨ-ɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ……………………………………………. 133 Ɍɵɪɵɲɤɢɧɚ Ɍ. Ɋ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɭɪɨɤɨɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ …………………………………………………. 137 Ɏɢɥɚɬɨɜɚ ɋ. Ȼ., Ƚɚɜɪɢɥɟɧɤɨ Ɉ. ɂ., ɇɢɠɟɝɨɪɨɞɨɜɚ Ɉ. Ȼ. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ……... 140 ɒɢɛɚɧɨɜɚ Ɇ. Ⱥ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ……………………………………………..... 145

303 Ɋɚɡɞɟɥ 3. ȼɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ – ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞ- ɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ………………...... 149 Ⱥɪɝɭɧɨɜɚ Ʌ. ɇ., Ȼɨɥɨɬɧɢɤɨɜɚ Ɍ. ȼ., Ʉɚɡɚɧɰɟɜɚ ɇ. ɋ. ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɟɤ- ɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɲɤɨɥɟ ɤɚɤ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɭ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ …………………………... 149 ȼɚɯɪɚɦɟɟɜɚ Ʌ. Ʌ. Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ ɫ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɦɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɚɹ ………... 152 ȼɚɯɪɚɦɟɟɜ Ʉ. ɂ. ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ …….. 156 Ƚɚɧɠɚɥɚ Ʌ. Ⱥ. ɉɪɨɟɤɬɧɨ-ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ 158 Ɂɜɹɝɢɧɰɟɜɚ ɂ. ɇ., Ʉɚɱɚɧ Ʌ. Ƚ. Ɋɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɵɟ ɠɚɧɪɵ ɜ ɞɨɫɬɢ- ɠɟɧɢɢ ɦɟɬɚɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ……...... 163 ɂɲɚɧɤɭɥɨɜɚ Ɍ. ȼ. ɉɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ……………………….... 167 Ʉɭɡɟɥɶɞɟɟɜɚ Ʌ. ɉ. Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ «Ɇɨɣ ɤɪɚɣ, ɦɨɣ ɝɨɪɨɞ, ɦɨɹ ɫɟɦɶɹ» ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚ- ɧɢɟɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɦɭɡɟɣɧɨɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɢ ……………………………...... 170 Ʌɚɜɧɢɤɨɜɢɱ Ɇ. Ɍ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ … 173 Ɇɚɦɱɭɪ ȿ. Ⱥ., Ʉɚɱɚɧ Ʌ. Ƚ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɠɚɧɪɚ «Ɇɭɡɟɣ – ɬɟɚɬɪ» ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ …………….. 176 Ɇɨɡɞɭɤɨɜɚ ɇ. Ɉ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɚ ɩɨ ɤɪɚɟɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ «ɘɧɵɟ Ʉɨɥɭɦɛɵ» ………………………………………………………………...... 181 ɉɨɧɨɦɚɪɺɜɚ Ɉ. ɂ., ɒɢɲɤɢɧɚ ȿ. ɉ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɚɞ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɦ «Ȼɪɚɬɶɹ ɧɚɲɢ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɟ» ……………………………………………………. 186 Ɋɭɞɚɤɨɜɚ Ɇ. ȿ. Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɣ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ …………………………………………………………….. 190 ɋɤɭɞɚɪɧɨɜɚ ɇ. ȼ. ȼɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɬɜɨɪ- ɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ …………………………...... 194 ɒɚɛɚɥɚ ȿ. Ⱥ. ȼɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱ- ɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ …………………………………………………...... 197 ɑɟɪɧɨɜɚ Ⱥ. Ƚ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨ- ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ………………………………………...... 202 Ɋɚɡɞɟɥ 4. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɟ- ɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ …………………………………………………………………...... 206 Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟɟɜɚ Ɇ. Ⱥ., Ƚɟɧɪɢɯ ȿ. ɇ. ɂɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɚɪɲ- ɪɭɬ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ – ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɎȽɈɋ ɇɈɈ ………...... 206 Ȼɟɥɨɜɚ ȿ. ɇ., ɒɬɪɚɮɦɟɬɨɜɚ ȿ. ȼ. Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚɦɢ – ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭ- ɟɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ………………………...... 211 Ȼɭɫɵɝɢɧɚ Ƚ. Ⱥ., Ʌɭɡɹɧɢɧɚ ɇ. ɂ. Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɨɞɚɪɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɟɬɶɦɢ ………………………………………………. 214

304 ȼɚɫɟɧɶɤɢɧɚ Ʌ. ȼ., Ⱦɚɜɵɞɟɧɤɨ Ⱥ. Ⱥ., Ʉɨɥɟɫɨɜɚ ɋ. ȼ. Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɚɫ- ɩɟɤɬɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɪɨɜ- ɧɹɯ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ……………………………………………...... 218 ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɚ Ʌ. Ɇ. Ɉɰɟɧɨɱɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɤɚɤ ɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟ- ɦɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ …….. 223 ȿɪɦɚɤɨɜɚ ɇ. ɇ. Ɍɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɝɪɚɦɨɬ- ɧɨɦɭ ɩɢɫɶɦɭ ɢ ɩɭɬɢ ɢɯ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɹ …………………………...... 229 Ʉɚɝɚɤɢɧɚ ȿ. Ⱥ. Ƚɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɤ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɩɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɝɪɚɧɬɚ ɊɎɎɂ 18- 413-420005 «Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɤ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ») ………………………...... 234 Ʉɚɥɢɬɢɧɚ ɇ. Ⱥ., Ɏɨɦɢɧɵɯ ɇ. Ƚ. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɟɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɦ ɭɱɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ .. 238 Ʉɪɵɥɨɜɚ ɇ. Ⱥ. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɩɟɞɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɭɪɫɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ ………………………………………………………………………… 241 Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɨɜɚ ɇ. Ɏ. ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɪɟ- ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɎȽɈɋ ɇɈɈ ….. 245 Ɇɚɧɭɣɥɨɜɚ Ɉ. ɉ. Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭ- ɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ- ɧɢɹ ……………………………………………………...... 251 Ɇɨɫɬɨɤɚɥɨɜɚ Ɉ. ȼ., Ɍɚɪɫɤɢɯ ȿ. ɇ. Ʉɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣ- ɫɬɜɢɣ ……………………………………………………...... 255 ɉɨɠɢɞɚɟɜɚ ȿ. Ⱥ. Ƚɭɦɚɧɧɨ-ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɒ. Ⱥ. Ⱥɦɨɧɚɲɜɢɥɢ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ………………………………………………….. 258 ɋɚɯɧɨɜɫɤɚɹ ȼ. Ʉ. Ɋɨɥɶ ɫɟɦɶɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɤ ɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɭ ɦɥɚɞɲɟɝɨ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɚ …………………………………………………………………… 261 ɋɦɢɪɧɨɜɚ ȼ. Ȼ., Ƚɚɦɛɚɪɨɜɚ Ʌ. ɂ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ- ɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɟ …… 266 ɋɬɚɪɤɨɜɚ Ɍ. ɇ. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɨ ……………………………………………………...... 273 ɋɭɛɛɨɬɢɧɚ Ɉ. ɇ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɢ ɜɧɟɭɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ……………... 278 ɒɭɦɢɥɨɜɚ ɇ. Ʉ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɜɪɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɦɥɚɞɲɢɯ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ …….. 281 ɑɟɪɟɦɢɫɢɧɚ ȼ. Ƚ. Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɬɶɸɬɨɪɫɤɨ- ɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɤɚɞɪɨɜ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚ …….. 285 ɑɢɪɭɯɢɧɚ ɂ. ɇ. ɍɱɟɛɧɚɹ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ- ɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ………………………………………………………...... 298

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ɇɚɭɱɧɨɟ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ

Achieving the expected educational results by primary schoolchildren as a condition of improving the quality of primary general education

Proceedings of Interregional Scientific and Practical Conference, Novokuznetsk municipal district, November 9, 2018

Ɋɟɞɚɤɰɢɹ, ɨɪɮɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ ɢ ɩɭɧɤɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɵ

Ɍɟɤɫɬ ɤ ɩɟɱɚɬɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɥɢ: Ɍ. ȼ. Ɍɭɥɭɩɨɜɚ, ɇ. Ɇ. ɉɥɚɯɨɬɸɤ Ⱦɢɡɚɣɧ ɨɛɥɨɠɤɢ: Ⱥ. ȼ. Ʉɨɥɟɫɨɜ

ɉɨɞɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɜ ɩɟɱɚɬɶ 27.12.2018. 1 Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ 60ɯ84 /16. Ƚɚɪɧɢɬɭɪɚ Times New Roman. ɍɫɥ. ɩɟɱ. ɥ. 17,8. ɍɱ.-ɢɡɞ. ɥ. 21,6. Ɍɢɪɚɠ 170 ɷɤɡ. Ɂɚɤɚɡ ʋ 122 ______

Ⱥɞɪɟɫ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɬɢɩɨɝɪɚɮɢɢ: ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɄɊɂɉɄɢɉɊɈ, 650070, Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɥ., ɝ. Ʉɟɦɟɪɨɜɨ, ɭɥ. Ɂɚɭɡɟɥɤɨɜɚ, ɞ. 3

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