ISSUE NUMBER 99 KENT SPRING 2014 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY

Newsletter | Events Edition

MYSTERY PHOTOS 2014 Turn to page 11 EVENTS PLANNER Turn to page 7

PHOTOGRAPHERS NEGATIVES FOUND Tourn t page 4

Also inside this issue

Lord of the Manor Excavation International Liaisons KAS President’s You & Your Society Message Committee Round Up Turn to page 3 New Books Lead Flask at Randall Manor

Visit our website: www.kentarchaeology.org.uk something about the way people who Lord of the Manor dug the pits understood the older monument. The first of three segments excavated Ramsgate through the undisturbed northern area Training Excavation of the ring ditch eventually reached with University of Kent Students the ditch bottom, showing a symmetrical profile. In the chalky fills By Trust for Thanet Archaeology near the base of the ditch, part of a large cattle skull was found. The skull appears to have been tipped in with ne hundred and sixty six years composite plan of the area produced the fill and does not seem particularly ago, three men; William after the excavations had a serious error, significant to the interpretation of the Henry Rolfe, Charles Roach- placing the ring ditch around 17m too ring ditch. However, the find does cast OSmith and Thomas Wright, began an far south of its actual location. It light on the type of animal that archaeological investigation at a site appeared that sections were excavated occupied the landscape contemporary near Ramsgate, a hillside overlooking through the ring ditch on a system of with the ring ditch builders and that Pegwell Bay. In the previous year compass bearings rather than by they ate, or worked. Anglo-Saxon burials and Roman finds considering the orientation of The second and third segments had been made when a confirmed the regular, wide deep railway cutting was and straight sided profile of excavated through open the ditch and the flat base, chalk downland at perhaps one of the widest Ozengall Down, or seen in similar monuments Osendun, a short in Thanet. In the lowest fill distance north of an inn of the third segment the called ‘Lord of the sparse finds included a Manor’, giving the area cattle vertebra, located at a its popular name. similar level within the Subsequently, from ditch fills as the skull found 1976, the site has been a few days before, and a explored by members of struck flint, found in the Thanet’s archaeological primary silting right on the community. A landscape base of the ditch cut. The has been revealed that truncated crest of the was settled in the early southern edge of the ring prehistoric period and ditch cut was traced to its which continued to be truncation by a later feature, a place of cultural allowing us to reconstruct significance into the an accurate plan of the early medieval period. circuit under the later In August 2013 a Fig1 deposits in the final site training excavation led plans. by the Trust for Thanet The sheer scale of the Archaeology, with ditches cut into the hard students from the chalk of the hill top are University of Kent, once again explored the features. The sections were impressive. Care and precision made part of this site. The work was funded therefore not representative of the the ring ditch, demonstrated in the by the University of Kent as part of a true relationships between features, nor uniform profile and the regular circuit; programme of fieldwork training co- very useful in defining the dimensions it was almost sculpted out of the chalk ordinated by Dr Luke Lavan. of later features, which, it now seems, geology. In common with many other The work aimed to revisit an earlier include a substantial central cut feature. examples in Thanet, this ditch shows excavation of part of an Anglo-Saxon A small area of the ring ditch, which no sign of deviating from its plan where cemetery and re-plan graves that were may have surrounded the central variations were encountered in bedding emptied in 1982, to check the results mound of a Bronze Age round barrow, planes of the chalk. These substantial and review the knowledge already was sampled, to reconsider how the archaeological features are as gained. Initial review showed that the ditch was filled. The team also ‘architectural’ in their design and earlier sample of the site was quite small investigated whether pits dug through careful construction as any standing and there was a great deal of scope to the circuit in a later period could structure. It became clear that the refine the plan. A preliminary indicate the ditch’s survival in the feature’s real location in the landscape magnetometry survey revealed that a landscape and possibly discover is more significant to the physical Fig 1: Lifting the cattle skull Fig 2: Aerial overview of the excavation taken with quadcopter rig

2 Spring 2014 - KAS Newsletter - www.kentarchaeology.org.uk Welcome Welcome to this, the first of the new in the country. costs of an extra volume of series of Newsletters. As you are aware, In future the Newsletters will continue to Archaeologia Cantiana. Our Hon. Editor, the Society has been looking to balance be posted to members and will appear Terry Lawson, and his team deserve the budget in recent years. The income twice a year. In this, the Spring special mention from our investments has fallen since newsletter, there is an annual for the sterling 2008 and we have created a five year programme of events, so members can work they have plan to help us to consider and shape plan the activities they would like to done to see the our activities. attend. The second Newsletter, to be 134th volume It has been clear for some time that published in the late Autumn, will of Archaeologia our membership publications need to be contain a more extensive collection of Cantiana reviewed. Each year, Archaeologia illustrated articles. published this Cantiana costs about £20 per member From this summer, Archaeologia January. Thank and the Newsletters a further £18 per Cantiana will be published in softback. you to everyone member. With a membership fee of It will be a larger format and will include involved. £25, each member is being subsidised colour illustrations. This will save money from our other income. The Council has and allow the effective publication of Ian to balance the books and ensure that maps and plans. Council has found Coulson the collections, the Library, conferences these decisions difficult but is and committee activities are determined to keep membership fees maintained. This is why Council, as part low and increase the value and quality of the five year plan, is reviewing the of the activities promoted by the Society. cost of Archaeologia Cantiana and the Lastly, I would like to thank Paul Those who know the KAS Newsletters. Council is also keen not to Oldham, Chairman of The William and President’s preferred form increase the membership fee for the Edith Oldham Charitable Trust, for of transport will see that he Society, which remains one of the lowest funding the production and distribution graduated to a motorcycle from three wheels...

Fig 2 the graves, has proved to have significant inaccuracies in the representation of form and distribution of the graves. Although no burials remain in place, there is much of archaeological value to gain from re-planning the graves. Already we can see that a more accurate plan will help us to determine the order of the burials. Just before the end of the dig, we made contact with Dean Barkley, who landscape occupying the plateau at the some distance into the pit complex by carries out low level aerial photography crest of the downland ridge overlooking removing part of the fill of a segment using a quadcopter rigged with a digital Pegwell Bay. This space, with horizons excavated in 1982. In doing so we camera. Although we faced the slight falling away on all but the northwest encountered Twix wrappers and a six problem that our site was directly under side where the plateau continues, is pack bag of Hula Hoops, both the flight path of Manston airfield, after unique in the natural landscape of this apparently of 1982 vintage, plus a negotiations the control tower gave location. The location is similar to rather stubborn sheet of polythene permission for a flight. The stunning many round barrows and other ring covering what seems to be an old images of the excavation made all the ditch features in Thanet, and owes more kitchen door, this last apparently put hard work to clean the site for our final to a careful choice of local topographic in the section to ‘protect’ the photographs worthwhile and rounded conditions than any reference to a archaeology! off two weeks of excavation with a wider cosmology. Toward the end of the excavation spectacular flourish. The 1982 records suggest that the we began an EDM survey of a group southern portion of the ring ditch had of graves belonging to an important For more background and i been cut away by two separate pits on early Anglo-Saxon cemetery which had information go to the east and west sides. A more been fully excavated in 1982, leaving http://thanetarch.co.uk/ complicated picture emerged during only the empty grave cuts showing in journal/?cat=16 the excavation, showing that the pits the hard chalk geology. The small scale were associated with a larger cut feature. composite plan of the cemetery, the The truncated ring ditch was traced only record we have of the layout of

www.kentarchaeology.org.uk - Spring 2014- KAS Newsletter 3 THROUGH FIRE AND WATER - ‘LOST’ PIONEER WOMAN PHOTOGRAPHER’S NEGATIVES FOUND IN OUR LIBRARY Fig 1 by Paul Tritton

they made their way to Thomas Becket’s shrine. One of the negatives Ann scanned was a view of the ballroom at the Bull Inn, Rochester, now the Royal Victoria and Bull Hotel (featured in the July 2013 Newsletter). Luckily its caption was legible, revealing that it had been taken by Catharine Weed Barnes Ward. Research revealed her collaboration with her husband on ‘The Real Dickens Land’. The ballroom photo was found on page 73, captioned with a description from Pickwick: ‘A long covered room, with crimson-covered benches and wax candles in glass chandeliers’. Eventually 52 negatives were discovered that exactly matched pictures of places in Kent elsewhere in the book. Next, the group identified the negatives of 23 of the 33 photographs Catharine took in Canterbury for ‘The Canterbury Pilgrimages’, and collated more than 100 other negatives of Kent scenes that circumstantial evidence suggests were her work. The images of the Dickens locations are important uring a fire at Maidstone examples of the work of American because they were taken less than 40 Museum in 1977 about 10% pioneer woman photographer years after he died in 1870 and show of the collections in our Catharine Weed Barnes Ward, who them much as they were when he wrote DLibrary were damaged. Our Visual lived at Golden Green, near Tonbridge, his novels. Records Collection alone consists of and died in 1913 leaving 10,000 glass Catharine was born in Albany, New some 20,000 images in various formats, plate negatives of pictures of landscapes York State, in 1851. At 35, she started including thousands of irreplaceable and historic buildings. studying photography, intending to glass plate negatives. No one knows More than 300 of them illustrated make a career in a male-dominated how many were rendered beyond repair two travel books written by her profession. Some medical ‘experts’ even and discarded, but hundreds were husband, Henry Snowden Ward, and considered that such ‘advanced saved, although details of their published in 1904 – ‘The Real Dickens learning’ would overtax young women provenance were lost. Land’, describing locations in Kent and “before their brains are sufficiently Now, thanks to the efforts of Ann elsewhere that were the settings for developed”. Catharine joined a Pinder and colleagues, many of the Charles Dickens’s novels; and ‘The photographic society at a time when surviving negatives have been scanned Canterbury Pilgrimages’, featuring few of them accepted women members, and conserved. Among them were rare places visited by medieval pilgrims as one reason being that the prospect of Fig 1: Catharine Weed Barnes Fig Ward 1: Catharine Weed Fig 2: Henry Snowden Ward Fig 3: Ann Pinder and colleagues

4 Spring 2014 - KAS Newsletter - www.kentarchaeology.org.uk They were married in Kent portfolio in Maidstone Museum. July 1893. In 1901 they Most of the prints are identical to the moved to Falklands, pictures she took for ‘The Canterbury Golden Green, a large Pilgrimages’ so the negatives recently house (now called Leigh discovered were probably given to the Court) in Three Elm Society when the prints were deposited. Lane. The Wards took It is possible, though, that more time to become part of negatives made for this and her other Kent life. Henry joined books await discovery. the Kent Archaeological The negatives Catharine made Society, built a rifle range during a tour of England and Scotland in his garden for Hadlow in 1892 are among 2,202 in her archive Scouts and Hadlow at the International Museum of Church Lads’ Brigade, Photography at George Eastman and supported the House, Rochester, New York State. bellringers at St Mary’s, This was regarded as the only significant Hadlow. As specialists collection of Catharine’s negatives to in travel photography have survived the 100 years that have the Wards were burdened elapsed since she died, her other with heavy cameras, negatives being lost or destroyed long tripods and boxes of ago. However, it now appears that we Fig 2 fragile negatives have the second largest collection of wherever they went. Catharine’s negatives – 75 for certain, They travelled to distant more than 200 if the circumstantial and remote locations by evidence can be proven. women developing their negatives in train and carriage, starting their darkrooms also used by men was journeys from considered positively scandalous! Tonbridge station. While advocating that women Their happy photographers should be treated as marriage lasted men’s equals, Catharine fought to only 18 years. In abolish so-called ‘ladies’ diplomas and October 1911, with prizes’ in competitions and exhibitions, engagements to fulfil saying: “Do not admit a woman’s as the Dickens pictures because they are made by a Fellowship’s Special woman but because they are made Commissioner in the well”. Catharine rose to the top of her USA and Canada, Fig 3 profession, specializing in travel Henry embarked on a photography. Her pictures of five-month tour of landscapes and buildings of historical North America to importance, many associated with great coincide with the Dickens Centenary writers and their works, were published celebrations in February 1912. An hour in countless books and periodicals and before he was due to lecture on shown during her lectures to ‘Dickens in America’ he was found i photographic societies. unconscious in his bed at the National Catharine’s Kent images are now In 1890 she joined the staff of Arts Club in New York City. Blood on our website at http://www. American Amateur Photographer poisoning was diagnosed and despite kentarchaeology.org.uk/Research/ magazine in New York. Meanwhile, in an emergency operation he died soon Libr/VisRec/01/Ward%20 Collection%20catalogue%20V3.pdf London, her future husband, Henry afterwards. Catharine was at his and http://tinyurl.com/prwpx3k Snowden Ward, was editing and bedside. He was 46. Catharine Those at George Eastman House publishing his new magazine, The returned to Golden Green, but due to are at http://www.geh.org/ar/ Practical Photographer, and becoming the shock of Henry’s death, the after- strip13/htmlsrc/ward_sum00001. an authoritative writer and lecturer on effects of a road accident, and failing html and http://www.geh.org/ar/ strip14/htmlsrc/ward_sum00001. the works of Chaucer, Dickens and health, she was unable to work again. html Shakespeare. Catharine and Henry’s She died at Falklands on July 31 1913, paths soon crossed. In November 1892 aged 62. With thanks to Professor Elizabeth she surprised her friends back home by In May 1912, five months after Edwards; Dr Margaret Denny; announcing her engagement to Henry, Henry died, Catharine deposited 40 Alistair Cook; Dr Michael Pritchard (Royal Photographic Society); described in the New York Times as ‘a photographic prints, mostly of Christine Baldock and Anne Hughes gentleman of cultivated tastes and an Canterbury, with the National (Hadlow History Society). enthusiastic photographer’. Photographic Survey and Record’s

www.kentarchaeology.org.uk - Spring 2014 - KAS Newsletter 5 INTERNATIONAL LIAISONS

thought I would write to show how CAT’s educational students (above). In the autumn, 240 Pas de Calais teachers activities, supported by you, the KAS, are spreading came to Canterbury to see what was on offer to support the good word way beyond the county of Kent. Several their secondary school teaching programmes. The day was ICAT staff members have taken part in projects abroad and organised by Canterbury City Partnership in conjunction Paul Bennett, Director, will no doubt be going to Libya with Nord Pas de Calais Education Department and again this year. Canterbury-based heritage resource providers. CAT joined I’ve experienced a lot of hands-across-the-water recently forces with Canterbury Museums Education Service and and, I like to think, am helping to project a positive image delivered a really enjoyable workshop designed to introduce about archaeology and engaging people. Within the EU- students to our archaeological heritage and help them funded Boat 1550 BC project, I’m currently working with develop their spoken English. I’m pleased to say we have a partners in France and Belgium. This is a three year project few bookings already for this summer. (now in its final six months) and one thing I’ve learned is Just recently I had a call from Lancashire – not a foreign that it takes time to build relations with people at such clime but certainly way beyond Kent. A new Rural Outdoor distances. I’m sure I would have benefitted from a ‘pre- Education Centre has been launched near Preston and the project project’, just to find and get to know key people founders were very interested in using some CAT resources involved! We expect to see the new handling kits put for their ‘bring yer wellies’ days. I’m thrilled they asked us together by the project in use in schools this Spring. In for our support and hope that you are too. the long term, the kits for England will be housed with Finally, back to the beginning and the Libya connection. CAT and available for loan across the county. Another set In December, a small delegation from the Libyan National will be held in Lille, France and a third set in Ename, Congress came to England investigating what we do in the Belgium. UK to protect and promote our heritage. Paul Bennett On two occasions last year, I was especially pleased to arranged an extensive programme of visits and presentations be asked by Don Henson (former CBA Education Officer from local regional and national bodies. As a contribution and currently a Freelance Consultant), to show colleagues to this, Graham Birrell of Canterbury Christ Church from Japan and Estonia the resources we have developed University Faculty of Education and I gave a session about over recent years. The CAT collection of teaching and heritage and history in the classroom. As is widely known, learning loans are a key element of our Education Service Libya is experiencing great challenges at the moment and which has been consistently supported by the KAS since I’m sure the delegation went home having gained much its early days; in particular a grant from the Society allowed that was positive from their visit to England. us to expand production of our CAT KITs which our visitors were particularly enthused by, immediately seeing By Marion Green, Canterbury Archaeological Trust their value for engaging adults and young people alike. Education Officer Last summer, we ran an archaeology workshop in Canterbury for a group of Japanese secondary school

6 Spring 2014 - KAS Newsletter - www.kentarchaeology.org.uk EVENTS PLANNER

Please note that due to the historic nature of Maidstone Museum, any event held i within the KAS Library is only accessible via stairs. APRIL ecclesiastical stairs, galleries and upper KAS ADULT LEARNING COURSES chambers. The final talk, on masonry IN THE LIBRARY KENT COUNTY COUNCIL - COMMUNITY sculpture and St Leonard’s carved stone Commencing 28 April for 6 weeks ARCHAEOLOGY fragments, will be by Heather Newton, who Talk: Community Archaeology in Kent has worked at Canterbury Cathedral for Morning Class 10.15 – 12.15 Thursday 3 April at 6.15pm 25 years and is now its Head of Kent Personalities with Kent History and Library Centre. Stonemasonry and Conservation. Dr Jacqueline Bower Cost £3 per head This Class will look at the lives and £15.00 including lunch, tea and coffee. A achievements of a selection of men and Archaeology Exhibition: Archaeology in the booking form for this event is included in women who have been associated with Park; a celebration of the Shorne HubCAP the Newsletter or is downloadable from Kent from the sixteenth century onwards. Lottery funded project the website. April 5th and 6th: 10am-4pm daily Afternoon Class 14.00 – 16.00 Kent Towns with Dr Jacqueline Bower Shorne Woods Country Park Visitor Centre, Council for Kentish Archaeology In the past, Kent had more towns than DA12 3HX, east of Gravesend off the A2. RECENT EXCAVATION, DISCOVERIES AND many other counties. Over time, previously PRESERVATION in KENT For more information contact prosperous towns have declined while Saturday 12 April 14.00 – 17.00 others have grown. This class will trace [email protected] Tel: 07920 Sevenoaks Community Centre 548906. www.facebook.com/ the development of Kent Towns from the Anglo-Saxon period to the early twentieth archaeologyinkent Beyond the Mithraeum – MOLA Excavations at century, looking at examples from each Twitter @ArchaeologyKent the Bloomberg London Site by Jessica Bryan ear to demonstrate their changing The Rescue of the Last WW2 Dornier Do17 functions and characters. KAS CHURCHES COMMITTEE STUDY DAY Bomber from the Sea by a representative of the Classes cost £50 per term (six weeks). Church Life in the Middle Ages RAF Museum, Hendon at St Leonard’s, Hythe Please book with Joy Sage, joysage@ Saturday 5 April 10.00 - 16.00 Preservation and Conservation at Allington btinternet.com or 01622 762924. St Leonard’s Church, Hythe Castle, Kent by Sir Robert Worcester Cheques payable to the Kent For centuries a landmark for shipping in Tickets £5.00 – send SAE to CKA, 7 Sandy Archaeological Society. Please include the English Channel, this hill-top church is Ridge, Borough Green TN15 8HP. Information your contact details and a SAE. Postal famous for its ‘bonehouse’ in the crypt, from Richard Ansell 01732 884059, Ruth address is: Joy Sage, KAS Library, containing 2,000 skulls and 8,000 bones, Plummer 0208 777787 or www.the-cka.fsnet. Maidstone Museum, St. Faith’s Street, generally agreed to be from skeletons dug co.uk Maidstone ME14 1LH. up when the building was extended across its graveyard about 700 years ago. KAS CHURCHES COMMITTEE VISIT MAY Medieval Hythe & civic uses of sacred Canterbury St Mildred KAS EVENT with Maidstone space - Dr Sheila Sweetinburgh and Methodist Church Museum & Bentlif Art Gallery Saturday 26 April THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN Church upper spaces and their uses - Dr Meet at 13.45 for 14.00 start at Toby Huitson THAT NEVER WAS Canterbury, St Mildred …and an opportunity to visit the Kentish battlefields that never were Masonry sculpture: Hythe’s carved stone Map reference: TR 144575 Saturday 3 May 9.00 – 17.00 fragments - Heather Newton, Canterbury Lat: 51.27655 Long: 1.07390 Cathedral Parking is difficult in Canterbury. Parking Workshop 1 - Church documents & will be available close to the churches church building ONLY for those with blue badges or who otherwise cannot walk from the Park & Workshop 2 - Church building & church Ride, public transport or a local car park. documents Those who require such parking should advise the Churches Visits Secretary, The event will open with a talk by Dr Jackie Davidson. Sheila Sweetinburgh on medieval Hythe and the civic uses of churches. A https://www.canterbury.gov.uk/ Research Fellow in History at the parking-travel-roads/parking/park-and- University of Huddersfield, Sheila is a ride/ social and cultural historian with a special interest in Hythe and is currently studying The cost of the visit is £8 to include tea the ‘jewel in the crown’ of the town’s and biscuits. medieval archives – local taxation records known as ‘the maletotes’. Dr Toby Please register by e-mailing or Huitson, who teaches medieval history at telephoning the Churches Visits Secretary, Join historians Victor Smith and Alan the University of Kent and is a member of Jackie Davidson. Jacalyn.davidson@ Anstee on this coach tour to the hidden staff at Canterbury Cathedral Archives, will BTInternet.com or 01634 324004 WW1 defences of Kent, walking between delve into the nooks and crannies in St stops. Leonard’s upper spaces drawing on research for his book Stairway to Heaven, In the end months of 1914 and the early about the functions of medieval part of 1915, work began on the creation of epic lines of anti-invasion field

www.kentarchaeology.org.uk - Spring 2014 - KAS Newsletter 7 defences both along the north coast of KAS RESEARCH DROP-IN SESSION above). Meet the Woodville Household! Sheppey and south from the River Swale WITH DIANA WEBB Medieval camp and combat displays. to Detling and Boxley. Elaborated upon Saturday 31 May 10.30 – 12.00 during the course of the war, these two areas began to resemble the Continental Stuck on a Latin phrase? Puzzled by Western Front, with miles of barbed wire, palaeography? Just starting out and trenches, redoubts, pillboxes, blockhouses feeling in need of a bit of friendly advice? and gun positions. These defences were Experienced academic Diana Webb will to be manned and fought from by a home help you at a drop-in session in the KAS defence army. Library.

Removed and filled in by German Until her retirement in 2006, Diana was prisoners of war in 1919, they gradually senior lecturer in history at Kings College faded from memory but have left London, specialising in the later middle For more information on any KCC Community remnants which are only now being ages and especially in religious and Archaeology events contact andrew.mayfield@ rediscovered. Meet at Newington Village Italian history. She is the author of six kent.gov.uk 07920 548906. www.facebook. Hall ME9 7JJ at 9.00 - free parking in the books, including three on pilgrimage, and com/archaeologyinkent Hall car park. The tour begins with coffee contributed the article on Pilgrimage to Twitter @ArchaeologyKent EVENTS PLANNER and a briefing in the Hall and ends with the Historical Atlas of Kent. tea and a view of the defended areas of Sheppey from the roof of Minster The drop in session is FREE, but we would East Wear Bay Archaeological Project Gatehouse Museum, returning to appreciate a small donation towards light Canterbury Archaeological Trust Newington by 17.00. A level of physical refreshments. Season 1, Folkestone fitness will be necessary. Bring stout 19 July – 3 August IMPORTANT: Please book in advance walking boots and a packed lunch. supplying your name, phone number and A two-week archaeological field training This is a rare visit with leading experts email address and brief details of what school. Includes training in archaeological and not to be missed. Price £40 per you would like to discuss -librarian@ excavation, a series of evening lectures and person. Advance booking to Maidstone kentarchaeology.org.uk other events centred on this internationally Museum is essential on 01622 602838, significant prehistoric and Roman coastal site. preferably by card payment or by reserving JUNE Further details from andrew.richardson@ and sending a cheque (reservations will KAS CHURCHES COMMITTEE VISIT canterburytrust.co.uk 01227 825276 be held for one week). Shipbourne and Plaxtol Fee: £40 per day (£35 for Friends of CAT), or Saturday 28 June £35 per day if booking 5 days or more (£30 for WILLINGLY TO SCHOOL? THE EXPERIENCE OF Meet at 13.45 for 14.00 start at Friends of CAT). EDUCATION FROM MEDIEVAL TO MODERN Shipbourne St Giles’, Stumble Hill,

Day School at Canterbury Christchurch Shipbourne TN11 9PF NOVIOMAGUS (West Wickham) ON DISPLAY University by Dr Gillian Draper Map reference: TQ5952 Long: Sunday 20 July Saturday 17 May 10.30 – 16.30 51.247084N, Lat: 0.279219E Crofton Roman Villa, Crofton Road, Explore what was available to children across Then to Plaxtol Church, Plaxtol Lane, Orpington BR6 8AF (adjacent to Orpington Kent and Sussex until the sixteenth century, Plaxtol TN15 0PZ Railway Station) and the changes following the Reformation Map reference: TQ6053 Long: 10.00am - 16.30pm with the foundation of new endowed grammar 51.259397N, Lat 0.294533E schools; investigate some well-documented As part of the Festival of British Archaeology examples of establishments founded at The cost of the visit is £8 to include tea 2014, for the first time ever, details of and different periods such as Sevenoaks, Tonbridge, and biscuits. finds from the Roman settlement site at West Lady Boswell’s elementary school and the Wickham will be on show to the public. Thomas Peacocke school, Rye; consider the Please register by e-mailing or curriculum, play, discipline, conditions for telephoning the Churches Visits Secretary, This site, now under a sports field and teachers and how successful they were at Jackie Davidson. Jacalyn.davidson@ farmland, was identified by Brian Philp of the teaching reading and writing; examine the BTInternet.com or 01634 324004 Bromley and West Kent Group as the long lost schooling available for children of ordinary folk town of Noviomagus mentioned in the second in schools of the eighteenth and nineteenth JULY Antonine Itinerary, which dates from the second century: private and Sunday schools, National century AD. A rare opportunity to find out more KENT COUNTY COUNCIL and British Schools and tensions between the about this important site and to view some of COMMUNITY ARCHAEOLOGY latter as the foundations of Anglicans and the finds, including the unique and fragile rim Community Archaeology Excavation: non-conformists respectively; look at the Board of a Roman wheel. Randall Manor Season 9 schools set up in 1870s and the education 7 - 27 July Entry: £1.50/concessions £1.00 available for the poorest in workhouses and ragged schools. Shorne Woods Country Park, DA12 3HX, east of For more information 01689 860939, crofton. Gravesend, off the A2. [email protected] or www.the-cka.fsnet. Cost £27.50. Book by phoning 01227 863451 co.uk (Mon - Fri. between 9.30am and 14.30 pm), or Volunteers and visitors welcome, please email [email protected] contact [email protected] 07920 Details on 548906. The site will be open daily to visitors LYMINGE EXCAVATION, UNI OF READING between 11am and 3pm. Part of the CBA Monday 21 July - Sunday 31 August http://www.canterbury.ac.uk/community-arts- Festival of Archaeology. Join the excavation team at Lyminge education/day-schools/summer-2014.asp Medieval Re-enactment Weekend Whether you are a seasoned digger or brand July 26 and 27 new to archaeological fieldwork, the Lyminge project offers you the opportunity to play an Shorne Woods Country Park (address as active part in an agenda-setting community

8 Spring 2014 - KAS Newsletter - www.kentarchaeology.org.uk EVENTS PLANNER research excavation bringing the remains of an experience tasks under the supervision and KAS CHURCHES COMMITTEE VISIT Anglo-Saxon settlement and monastery back to guidance of the Field Officers from Bexley Stone in Oxney and Appledore life. See the blog page http://www. Archaeological Group. Tasks carried out during Saturday 27 September lymingearchaeology.org/press/ this week will include: Meet at 13.45 for 14.00 start at Stone in »» field walking Oxney, St Mary TN30 7JR »» geophys »» surveying We will then move on to Appledore, SS »» excavating Peter and Paul. The Street, Appledore, Nr Ashford TN26 2B »» finds processing »» site drawing The cost of the visit is £8 to include tea Fee for the week is £100 for non-members. and biscuits. This includes annual membership to Bexley Please register by e-mailing or Archaeological Group, insurance, Certificate of telephoning the Churches Visits Secretary, KAS is a supporter of this project, with Ian Attendance and admin costs. Jackie Davidson. Jacalyn.davidson@ Coulson and Andrew Richardson members of BTInternet.com or 01634 324004 the Project Steering Group. Keith Parfitt, Chair More information and an application form of our Fieldwork Committee, will be on site as from: Pip Pulfer, Bexley Archaeological Group, a senior field archaeologist. Several members 07961 963893, [email protected]. KAS RESEARCH DROP-IN SESSION of the Society have participated in previous uk, www.bag.org.uk or join our Facebook page. WITH DIANA WEBB years in the excavations and by assisting on Saturday 27 September open days. AUGUST 10.30 – 12.00 noon There are a number of ways you can get Westgate Gardens ‘Parks for People’ Community Dig Stuck on a Latin phrase? Puzzled by involved with the Lyminge Archaeological palaeography? Just starting out and Project while the dig season is under way. If Canterbury Archaeological trust Thursday 21 - Monday 25 August feeling in need of a bit of friendly advice? you don’t feel up to digging or have more of an Experienced academic Diana Webb will interest in post-excavation activities you can Part of the Westgate Gardens ‘Parks for People’ help you at a drop-in session in the KAS turn up any time during the season and ask Library. about volunteering for finds washing and project, led by Canterbury City Council and processing or environmental processing and a funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund. FREE, but places limited so book early. Until her retirement in 2006, Diana was short session will introduce you to the site. senior lecturer in history at Kings College Those wanting to excavate will need to attend Details from Anna Williams, Westgate Parks London, specialising in the later middle an induction, run through the first four weeks of Development Officer, at Anna.Williams@kent. ages and especially in religious and the dig. gov.uk. Italian history. She is the author of six books, including three on pilgrimage, and You will need to book a place on an induction. SEPTEMBER contributed the article on Pilgrimage to Keep an eye on the project website (see the Historical Atlas of Kent. address below) to see when induction Dya School - First Steps in Archaeology (1) bookings open and email comms@ Canterbury Archaeological Trust The drop in session is FREE, but we would lymingearchaeology.org with your name and Saturday 6 September, Canterbury appreciate a small donation towards light specify which date you would like to book. You refreshments. may be offered an alternative date if fully No previous experience or knowledge is booked on your preferred day. The working required. Students will handle a range of IMPORTANT: Please book in advance week is Monday – Saturday. artefacts during the day. supplying your name, phone number and email address and brief details of what Volunteers can gain experience in: Tutor: Andrew Richardson. you would like to discuss - librarian@ kentarchaeology.org.uk »» Artefact processing Fee: £40 (£35 for Friends of CAT). Details from »» Environmental sampling [email protected] If you can help to co-ordinate KAS members 01227 825276. KAS ADULT LEARNING COURSES who are interested in artefact processing or IN THE LIBRARY environmental sampling please contact Ian Commencing 22 September Day School - Introduction Coulson [email protected] for 20 weeks to Environmental Archaeology More information on http://www. Canterbury Archaeological Trust 10.15 – 12.15 lymingearchaeology.org/taking-part/ Saturday 20 September, Canterbury The End of the Middle Ages: England 1381-1547 Insight into ancient human societies, During this period there were great agricultural practices and environments to be BEXLEY ARCHAEOLOGICAL GROUP changes in society, monarchy, government obtained from study of plant and animal Annual Training Excavation and religion, as England moved from the remains. Practical instruction - taking and 28 July – 1 August medieval to the early modern era. processing palaeo-environmental samples to Feudalism ended, the power of the nobility recover biological material; sorting dried Novice excavators are welcome to join us at the declined and the middle classes rose. This sample residues to introduce more commonly Annual Training Excavation Week at our class will study the period from the point recovered remains; recent environmental work on-going site in Bexley, Kent. The site is in the of view of the monarchy and nobility and from sites in Kent. Maximum of ten places. back gardens of 17th century almshouses, the ordinary people. demolished in the 1960s, but finds have Tutors: Enid Allison and Alex Vokes. included Roman pottery, a 12th century brooch 14.00 – 16.00 Fee: £40 (£35 for Friends of CAT). Details from and Anglo-Saxon beads. Minimum The British Empire 1497-1763 [email protected] unaccompanied age is 16 (with parent’s (Year one of two; it is intended to look at 01227 825276. consent). the later history of the British Empire in a future class.) The first British Empire All excavators will have the opportunity to

www.kentarchaeology.org.uk - Spring 2014 - KAS Newsletter 9

10 EVENTS PLANNER

canterburytrust.co.uk 01227825276. canterburytrust.co.uk Details fromandrew.richardson@ Saturday 27September Archaeological Trust Canterbury Field 01227 825276. from [email protected] Fee: £40(£35forFriends ofCAT). Details Savage. and Andrew Tutors: JacquiMatthews, Richardson Andrew final archiving. onsitethroughto cataloguing, fromdiscovery their treatment, care, identification and ‘Hands-on’ introductiontoarchaeologicalfinds, Saturday 4October, Canterbury Study andCare Day School- Archaeological CANTERBURY ARCHAEOLOGICALTRUST Spring 2014 - KAS Newsletter -www.kentarchaeology.org.uk Spring2014-KAS Newsletter OCTOBER Maidstone ME141LH. Maidstone Museum, St.Faith’s Street, address is:JoySage, KASLibrary, your contactdetailsandaSAE.Postal Archaeological Society. Cheques payableto or01622762924. btinternet.com Please bookwithJoySage, (tenweeks). Classes cost£50perterm Empireathome. of thedeveloping West IndiesandinAfrica, andtheimpact involvement century, theincreasingEnglishandBritish trading companiesinthesixteenth voyages,early theestablishmentof peak in1763.Thisclasswilllookatthe exploration inthe1490sandreachedits voyagesof began withtheearliest London, Kent andSussex. who exhibitedinTuam canbeseenin Clarke,Sheridan, RichardKingandHarry ofEvieHone,examples ofthework Clare seem farawayfromMaidstone, however, Tuamanywhere inthecountry’. might seen art showings ofcontemporary Exhibitions as‘themostrepresentative criticdescribedtheTuam One art Art Louis leBrocquywasexhibitedinTuam. day, suchasJackB.Yeats, and Paul Henry ofthe of allthewell-knownIrishartists bySirFrederick Leighton.Theart portrait ‘Venetian Scenes’byCanaletto anda lent totheexhibitionsincludedtwo ondisplay.the varietyofart Paintings West ofIreland, werequiteastonishingfor Tuam, Co.Galway, asmalltowninthe exhibitionswhichtookplacein The art in KASLibrary Saturday 18Octoberat10.30 Talk by AlisonTitley TUAM ART EXHIBITIONS1943-1950 SOME NOTES ON TUAM INOLDENDAYS; KAS TALK S tudy D

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F joysage@ inds: Their 01227 825276. [email protected] Fee: £40(£35forFriends ofCAT). Details from Tutor: JakeWeekes colonialism. and current interesting comparisonstobemadewithrecent ofRomanBritain,last years notingany architecture, religiouspracticeandfunerals; and centres; materialcultureofart ofurban oftheconquest;formation history on societyandcultureinpre-conquestBritain; visual material.Effects ofcontacts withRome Series ofthematiclecturesusingextensive Saturday 18October Archaeological Trust Canterbury A C 01227 825276. from [email protected] Fee: £40(£35forFriends ofCAT). Details Tutor: Savage. Andrew and locallyproducedwares. wares, themajor Romano-Britishindustries, of Romanpottery, includingbothimported An introductiontotheidentificationandstudy Saturday 15November, Canterbury Archaeological Trust Canterbury R NOVEMBER oman booking. booking. your email addresssowecanconfirm in advancepleaseincludeaSAEoran the Kent ArchaeologicalSociety. Ifyoupay details requested.Chequespayableto Street, MaidstoneME141LHgivingthe Library, MaidstoneMuseum, St.Faith’s write toJoySage/Pernille Richards, KAS to: [email protected] or address andtelephonenumberbyemail Please bookbysendingyourname, itswork. and helptheSocietyfurther A £5donationisrequestedtocover costs oftheTuam Exhibitions. organisers Art Tuam Clubin1943andoneofthe Art 1912-1958, afoundermemberofthe life A.O’Connell ofherfatherJarlath Recently, shehasbeenresearchingthe college. atasixthform of History wasHead Until herretirementAlisonTitley email [email protected] 01634 268842or07947583327, or the enclosedflyer. Enquiriesbyphone areon detailsandabookingform Further Campus Kent Canterbury Grimond Lecture Theatre, University of Saturday 1November10.00–16.30 University ofKent Studies,Medieval Modern andEarly In associationwiththeCentrefor DAY CON KAS PLACE NAMESCOMMITTEE rash P C ottery ourse F ERENCE ONPLACE-NAMES

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KINGDOM O 01227 825276. [email protected] Fee: £40(£35forFriends ofCAT) Detailsfrom Tutor: Richardson. Andrew the period. from examine andhandlearangeofartefacts explored. ‘Handson’, withthechanceto Kent andtheimpactofConversion willbe cultural andethnicidentityof‘Anglo-Saxon’ the backgroundofhistoricalandothersources; through archaeologicalevidence, setagainst AD, period.Tracing atransformative thestory Focusing onKent fromthe5thto8thcenturies Saturday 22November, Canterbury Archaeological Trust Canterbury O THE ARCHAEOLOGY there. ‘home’, livedanddied others inTuscanyyears andthenreturned favourite destinations. Tuscany, thenasnow, wasamongtheir and inthenineteenthcentury numbers The BritishflockedtoItalyinlarge 10.30 inKASLibrary 22 November and TonyDiana Webb IN THE 19THCENTURY KENTISH ABROAD; TUSCANY THE KAS TALK represented amongthem. longer thantheydonow. ‘tourist’ tripsoftenlastedagreatdeal tourism,more likemodern although Grand Tour hadgivenwaytosomething a SAE so we can confirm yourbooking a SAEsowecanconfirm cheque pleasesupplyanemailaddressor Kent ArchaeologicalSociety. Ifyouposta details requested.Chequespayableto Street, MaidstoneME141LH, givingthe Library, MaidstoneMuseum, St.Faith’s write toJoySage/Pernille Richards, KAS to: [email protected] or address andtelephonenumberbyemail Please bookbysendingyourname, itswork. and helptheSocietyfurther A £5donationisrequestedtocover costs Napoleonic wars. naval surgeonfromMaidstoneduringthe fromFlorenceanda girl an Anglo-Jewish as theex-MPforRochesterwhomarried orfiguresinpubliclife,landowners such whowereprominent the countyandothers offamilieslong-establishedin members abusiness. running or even climate home toseekinghealthinawarm reasons, back fromescapingcreditors numerous residents,of thereforallsorts

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1 Do you know where these pictures were taken? Among the 20,000 images in our society’s Visual Records Collection are hundreds of glass plate negatives dating back to Victorian times. In many cases no written records have survived to identify the places depicted, or to tell us when and by whom the pictures were taken. We believe most of the photographs show locations in Kent – but where? If you recognize any of the buildings in this selection, please contact us on [email protected] or write to KAS Library, Maidstone Museum & Bentlif Art Gallery, St 2 Faith’s Street, Maidstone ME14 1LH. 1 A handsome mansion, and a church that has both a spire and a tower.

Gardens to the rear of an elegant house. What could be a shopfront just 2 glimpsed through the railings on the left is numbered 130.

Perhaps the interior of St. Mary’s Church, Dock Road, Chatham pictured 3 early in the 20th century. St Mary’s has a Norman arch, like the one of the left, but is that sufficient evidence?

4 The weatherboarded building sign says Clyde House Laundry.

5 A substantial parish church - but where?

3 5

4

www.kentarchaeology.org.uk - Spring 2014 - KAS Newsletter 11

12 YOU & YOUR SOCIETY

kentarchaeology.org.uk Stutchbury, byemailto:secretary@ the Hon.GeneralSecretary, Peter with anycontribution, bigorsmall, to Please helpustoyoubywriting Council iskeentoknow! The plans forthenextfiveyears? activities theSocietyshouldincludein example, on doyouhaveviews process bycontributingyourideas.For your Societyandyoucanhelpthe the Society. Don’tforgetthatthisis forthefutureof itsstrategy reviewing During thisyear, theCouncilis yourSocietyandfindoutmore. support andcomealongto in yourdiary 17May Sowhynotreserve fascinating. Research Trust, whichpromisestobe oftheRomneyMarsh the work will befollowedbyapresentationon The businesssectionofthemeeting updated. andregularly for researchers 20,000 pages, isamineofinformation your interests.Thewebsitehasover so pleasecheckthisoftentofollow website: www.kentarchaeology.org.uk ontheSociety’sfrequently advertised days andlectures.Eventsare committees, withconferences, study reflect abusyandsuccessfulyearfor and summarised intheannualreport The Society’s activitiesduring2013are Council tocompletetheprocess. and aresolutionisproposedtoenable progress madetowardsincorporation age.TheSocietywilladviseon modern Society canmeetthechallengesofthis steptoensurethatthe important theSociety–thisisan to incorporate made byCouncilintowhatisrequired ontheinvestigations include areport The AnnualGeneralMeetingwill during April. Society to allmembersofthe accounts, willbesent and the annualreport papers, together with Canterbury. Agenda University ofKent at place on17May atthe General Meetingtakes Society’sThe Annual Spring 2014 - KAS Newsletter -www.kentarchaeology.org.uk Spring2014- KAS Newsletter MEMBERSHIP MATTERS Mr & Mrs JRCarey Mr &Mrs Joint Members Mr RFSummers, Oxfordshire Dr APlourde, Gravesend Dr PLANewill, Wye Dr FMeddens, London Mr MRJackson, Maidstone Mr AlanFyson, Orpington Mr GeorgeFry, Suffolk Mr Kevin Field, Folkestone Ms DLACurling, Surrey Mr CBlair-Myer Mr ARAnstee, Rainham, Gillingham Miss AAdams, Sittingbourne Members Ordinary Mr LJReynolds, Dartford Mr ERatcliffe, Sittingbourne Mr MLewis, Tudeley, Tonbridge Miss NHudson, Dartford Miss JBraidwood, Tonbridge Student Members members: following new pleasedtowelcomethe I amvery replaces theoldoneandhavetherefore rate have notappreciatedthatthisnew Ihavenoticedthatsomebanks course have alreadynotifiedthebanks.Of instead of£23.Thankyoutothosewho £25 andthejointrateisnow£30 subscriptions paidat£15shouldnowbe subscription hasended–anyindividual into accountthattheconcessionary withthebanktotake standing orders those whohaven’tyetupdatedtheir soon aspossible.Ishallbewritingto haven’t donesoyetpleasedoas –ifyou yourmembership renewed Many thankstoallofyouwhohave number, whichisontheenvelope label. Please makeanoteofyourmembership ofthecountry. most interestingpart oursubjectinthis continue toserve basemeansthatwecan membership welcome,course, allarevery asagood joining KAS, astheseareourfuture.Of It isgoodtoseethatwehavestudents MPearson,Mr &Mrs Hythe Mr & Tenterden RAWasserburg,Mr SGifford&Mrs s RWedderburn-Day, Sevenoaks

s, Maidstone

, Faversham

[email protected] Shiela Broomfield, MembershipKAS is mostwelcome. andothers interest tothemembership andanyothertopicof membership Any feedback ontheNewsletter, sections andotherorganisations. kentarchaeology.org.uk withlinkstoall The websiteaddressiswww. visit. taking placeatthetimeyouwishto is Museum tomakesurethatnoevent aquickphonecalltothe worth cardforaccessanditis membership Museum. You willneedyour locatedinMaidstone KAS library also abletovisitthecomprehensive publications. And, ofcourse, youare well asmuchresearchmaterialand press releases,as datesforyourdiary expanded withupdateditemsofnews, many. Thewebsitescontinuetobe as thisdidnotprove tobepopularwith only’issuehasbeendropped ‘internet publication. Also, forthemoment, the andwillitselfbealonger archaeology and onbothhistory articles The Autumn issuewillcontainlonger issues willbepublishedeachyear. updated andthatforthemomenttwo hasbeen will seethattheNewsletter You articles. interestingshorter several alongwith published inthisNewsletter Details ofmanythesewillbe conferences andvisitsbeingplanned. increasing, withmorelectures, are The benefitsofmembership you ifthisisthecase. taken twopayments!!Ishallwriteto COMMITTEE ROUND UP 13

Andy Harmsworth, in his role as Canterbury Museums Education The North Downs branch of the Young The Canterbury will be branch of YAC engagement and participationengagement in archaeology Our annual and history. eventat will be held for You’ ‘Archaeology Museum as partthe Powell-Cotton of the are We of Archaeology. National Festival workshopsplanning a series of hands-on to characteristic to introduce local people and to methods of finds from their area a project shared archaeological analysis, Museum and the with the Powell-Cotton We Society. Isle of Thanet Archaeological will be workingin with Bradstow School Broadstairs activities associated with on eventtheir ‘Dig for Three Days’ and are progressing the developmentof ‘A-Z a scalable guide to studying Archaeology’, and understanding archaeology for all ages. will be Archaeologists Club (YAC) History the Kent investigating and Library a grisly archives to uncover Centre’s getting up close with Iron Age murder, exploring the landscape as part of finds, digging at Survey, the Swale Defence visiting Knole and Randall Manor, venturing out of the county on their annual coach trip. getting hands-on with finds processing getting out and about and studying bone, the Randall Manor dig Heights, at Western learning newand fieldwalking, skills with heritage bushcraft and re-enactment with a special visit and of Blean, the Freemen trenches runto the First by War World advisor to Steven Andy Robertshaw, Horse’ film. Spielberg on the recent ‘War regional adviser for the Schools History will continue to support Project, Kent secondary school History teachers and will meet with Heads of History in the county. He will also be organising a day for primaryconference school teachers on the new National Curriculum History programme. Service will be developing resources to support the new national curriculum and will be working a range of Kent with partners to deliver workshops and events to enhance and publicise its archaeological collections. Maidstone will continue to Learning Team Museum’s their work Museum, with the British partner on extending until March 2015, their resources for, and the range of, schools workshops. BUILDINGS COMMITTEE HISTORIC The Historic Buildings Committee has .kentarchaeology.org.uk - Spring 2014 - KAS Newsletter .kentarchaeology.org.uk www We are grateful to historian Joy Saynor are grateful to historian Joy We Canterbury For Trust Archaeological The Trust for Thanet Archaeology will be The Trust opportunity the stairs to the to investigate its wide top look out over rood loft and a (6ft) across, in excess of 2m platform, very of to see this type rare chance timberwork is evidence first-hand. Indeed, with the the chief glorychurch, of the feature of defining chestnut king-posts a The same theme continues the nave roof. both of in the pulpit and organ-case, were once in amazingly, which, brought here in 1827 Abbey, Westminster One of the vicars and 1874 respectively. and the was a canon of Westminster, today. Abbey is still the patron knowledge with for sharing her extensive including planning more visits, are us. We a Study Day on 5 April. Further details are on the Events pages or KAS website. Huitson By Toby are veryWe interested to hear from KAS members who do not usually join us - please see the flyer included in this Email to churchvisits@ Newsletter. kentarchaeology to be kept informed. Mary Chairman. Berg, COMMITTEE EDUCATION Members of the Education Committee expect to be busy in 2014 promoting the study and enjoyment of archaeology and history in the county. Education Service, Spring and Summer in particular will see the culmination of much liaison with European partners with the completion of the ‘Boat 1550BC’ handling and France kits for schools in England, Belgium; the kits will be completed and we are planning teacher induction sessions in each country followed by a gathering of teachers in Ghent to share experiences of using this new resource. and Folkestone, Initially for use in Dover the Boat kits will thereafter be available to to teachers and pupils across Kent support history in the new curriculum. core activities will include Alongside this, and ARK BOX CAT KIT, issuing CAT working with resources across Kent, Canterbury Christ Church University PGCE students as well as undergraduate teachers and delivering workshops in schools and at the Beaney Art Museum and Library. carrying out several projects supported in their delivery by a grant from the Education Committee. Our plans include a in conjunction with Canterburyconference centring on public Christ Church University, St Peter and Paul, Shoreham is a and Paul, St Peter

fascinating building which greets the visitor with its colourful polychrome rebuilt on the eighteenth-century tower, site of its fifteenth-century predecessor the late after a fire in 1775. However, medieval timber-framed porch signals to the visitor that there is much of interest here from a much wider date-span. the building is almost East Anglian Inside, large with slim aisle pillars, in feel, all the extraordinary and above windows, rood screen. This has a lierne vault supporting and a the loft platform above, running along the top foliage motif Several of the group took the bressumer. aisles continue on both sides of the where there are some late chancel, medieval monuments and a double present piscina. Much of the building’s appearance comes from its heightening fifteenth century, in the and re-fenestration although interestingly roof repairs in 2012 evidence that some of the provided timbers were in fact re-used from an earlier church has had its fair phase. The share of disasters in the last 150 years, including a disastrous fire in 1882 and a and the group was bomb falling in 1940, able to see a display of historic photographs showing the damage. the church is today in good Fortunately, and its seventeenth-centurycondition, bells escaped in one piece. CHURCHES COMMITTEE CHURCHES VISIT TO SUNDRIDGE AND SHOREHAM group 2013 a good-sized In September a visit to two historic gathered for Churchwarden Kent. West churches in The introduced Sundridge. Bruce Walker (near Sevenoaks)settlement at Sundridge was apparently first recorded in 862 and the church of St Mary is mentioned in the there are scant although Domesday Book, The Norman to be seen today. traces with an original church has a west tower and a large thirteenth-centurydoor, with large cusped three-bay nave arcade clerestoryquatrefoils in the original which overlook very tall side-aisles. One of these contains the remains of a rood stair with a The blocked upper window or doorway.

14 COMMITTEE ROUND UP

[email protected] on [email protected] instance contact DavidGordoninthefirst If youcancontributetothislist please putting peopleincontactwitheach other. details ontheKASwebsite, asawayof publish alistofwebpagesandcontact Theideais to willing tosharewithothers. specialised knowledgewhichtheyare Industrial Archaeology, orwhohave individuals whoareresearchingKentish together alistoflocalsocietiesand KASCommitteeisputting This new COMMITTEE INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY Thirsk. Committee: DrFrank Panton andDrJoan much tothedeliberationsof whogave members deaths oftwostalwart by Council.Withsadnesswerecordthe academicresearchwasaccepted support 2015-16. Kent torepublicationin withaview and expansionoftheHistoricalAtlas (Oxbow). Work continuesontherevision in thesouth-eastofEnglandto1066 andland-use publication ofArchaeology Fundwenttowards from theKent History Council’s agreement.Agrantof£1000 oftheCountyissubjectto history Master’s or thesisonthearchaeology An annualprizeof£250forthebest (Oxbow, 2014). Huitson, isinpress, Stairway toHeaven (BAR, 2013);the2009award, toToby and theMerovingian kingdoms inAnglo-SaxonEngland Grave robbery published, AlisonKlevnäs, Whodunnit? successful thesisin2011hasbeen biennial HastedPrizein2013.The in hand. An edited volume of essays on migration is emigration inKent’, 7DecemberatUKC. 29 JuneatCCCU;and‘Immigration inKentishdevelopments urbanstudies’, well-attended conferences: ‘New hand. cumulative indexofvolumes122-130isin 2014(no.134).Work onthe in January by amemberoftheSociety, waspublished in June, butanadditionalvolume, funded As usualArchaeologiaCantianaappeared the Society. Thishasbeenagoodyear. promotion ofresearchandpublicationsby The committeeischargedtooverseethe PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE in 2015. but islookingatoptionsforaconference decided nottoholdaconference in2014, Spring 2014 - KAS Newsletter -www.kentarchaeology.org.uk Spring2014-KAS Newsletter A cumulativeannualsumof£2000to thesesweresubmittedforthe Seven The Societyhelpedpromotetwo

Information Request Rise, Seal, Sevenoaks TN150JB. or by posttoRedCourt,Woodland (Treasurer) [email protected] form, pleasecontactDavid Williams detailsandapplication For further respective meritsofany application. careful considerationgiventothe application willbeconsideredand the following Each meeting. treasurer andwillbeconsideredat Applications shouldbemadetothe eightweeks. usually every The Trustees meetonaregularbasis, its website. Centre andfor possiblepublicationon promptly for lodgingintheHeritage publication mustbesubmitted oftheresults/copy ofthe summary condition ofgrantmakingthata cover remunerationfor time.Itisa publication costs.Grantswillnot copyrights, travel expensesand photocopying andpurchasesof to, directexpensessuchasprinting, Grants couldcover, butarenotlimited basis. on avoluntary outresearch orgroupcarrying person small fundtoprovide grantstoany To fulfilthisaimithasestablisheda Kemsing andimmediatesurrounds. of and enjoyment ofthehistory to promotetheresearch, preservation One oftheobjectivesKHCAis Association –Grants Kemsing Heritage Centre they were. find outmoreaboutthemand where to ‘invasion alone.Iamtrying corner’ 100km inthecountry’s southeast an estimatedtotalofmorethan of defensive fieldworksinBritain, with remembered oftheextensivesystems Butlittleisknownor Flanders. associated withthekillingfieldsof World WarFirst areenduringly The trenchesandbarbedwireofthe Can any help? ofyourreaders Dear Editor Warorld defences inKent fieldworks and F

Grants irst W Victor Smith,Victor Defence Historian With thanks, acknowledged. given beingproperly the resultsthroughpublication, allhelp research ismoreadvanced, istoshare suspect. Theoverall aim, oncethe know about, have heardaboutor would bewillingtotellmeofany they wondered whetherany ofyourreaders defending. SoI considered worth at ornearvillagessecuringplaces or inland, perhaps closetoroadroutes, have beenothers, whether onthecoast huge arcaroundLondon.Theremust and Surrey andintoEssex, forming a DownsofKent well asalongtheNorth at Wrotham, Tonbridge andDover as at Chatham, fromtheSwale toDetling, existed onSheppey, theHooPeninsula, There isevidence ofsystemshaving Upper Harbledown,CT29BD. Canterbury M Short,HonSec., 3LittleMeadow, C detailspleasecontactMrs For further on theSociety’s website. ofyourresearchmightbeput summary copy ofany publicationtotheSociety. A account for money spentandgivea If successful, youwouldbeexpectedto Committee toconsult. asked tonameareferee for the anticipated timetable.You may be proposals for publicationandyour anticipated fromelsewhere, your applying for, andadditionalfunding have reached, theamountyouare length ofyourresearch, thestageyou your qualifications, thenatureand June 2014.Your lettershouldmention Grants Committeenotlaterthan30 Please applytotheHon.Sec.of publication inany media. Preference resultingin isgiventowork exceed£500. would notnormally Agrant andsurrounds. of Canterbury andarchaeology researching thehistory to award grantstoindividuals The Societyhaslimitedfundsavailable Society -Grants and Archaeological Historical Canterbury

BOOKS MEDIEVAL PIRATES: THE LIBRARY OF THE ROYAL CHARTERS OF FAVERSHAM Pirates, Raiders and THE SIDNEYS OF Peter Tann Privateers, 1204 PENSHURST The Faversham Society – 1453. PLACE CIRCA ISBN: 978-1-900214-68-1 Jill Eddison 1665 210 (+vi) pages, A4, hardback, fully The History Press, Edited by illustrated in colour Paperback, 192 Germaine Faversham has a magnificent collection of pages, fully Warkentin, town charters dating from 1252 to 1685, Joseph L. Black illustrated in colour many of which came to the town as a and with 16 maps. and William R. member of the Cinque Ports. It includes Bowen the copy of Magna Carta, acquired The author brings us University of a highly original independently by the town in 1300. This is Toronto Press study of a specific aspect of maritime undoubtedly the finest collection of any history. Its focus is principally, although ISBN town in Britain still in the physical not exclusively, on the Channel from the 9780802042934 possession of the Mayor and Council. Online price currently $129.50 early thirteenth to the mid-fifteenth The charters have never been published, century, and deals with a period initiated For two centuries (1540—1740) the but this handsome, large format, hardback by the loss of Normandy in 1204 from a Sidney family of Penshurst Place, Kent, edition remedies the situation. New very substantial Anglo-Norman Angevin produced poets, courtiers, collectors, and translations of each document are empire. at least one revolutionary. Increasingly reprinted here in full and the text is The lack of strong political controls on aware of the cultural ideal of the learned written in an easy style accessible to as either coast bordering the Channel made nobleman and of libraries as wide a readership as possible. The KAS it vulnerable to disorder, at times anarchy, representations of that ideal, the Sidneys supported the book with a grant from the and in particular privateering. This massed one of the largest gentry libraries Kent History Fund. vulnerability is set against a backcloth in England of their period. This edition of their library catalogue provides a vivid Each charter is accompanied by an which effectively draws out the allure to analysis of its content – who, what, and privateers of English trade, both through portrait of the birth, growth, and eventual demise of the distinguished family’s why? A useful box gives ‘the bigger the eastern end of the Channel with picture’ of events in the wider world. Flanders and through the Western library collection. Comprising nearly 5,000 entries, the catalogue is presented Interspersed are narrative essays, bringing Approaches with Gascony and northern in other sources, to Spain. Sailing techniques and maritime with a full introduction describing the Sidneys’ intellectual world and life, their give a coherent technology exposed ships to great risks in history of the town open water, inclining mariners to hug the reading and collecting, the women collectors of the family, and the dispersal for the period. coastline on their voyages and so Because so much of exposing them to attack from privateers of the library in 1743. The editors employ all the resources of contemporary the resulting story who could identify them from coastal involves the town’s vantage points. bibliography, print and digital, to identify the titles in the catalogue, and where relationship with Merchants, so intimately involved in possible to locate the Sidneys’ own copies the abbot of seaborne trade, supplemented their still extant. In addition, architectural Faversham Abbey, income by resorting to privateering. It is analysis has been employed to identify the book begins powerfully revealed how there was no and describe the library room at with chapters on clear demarcation between legitimate Penshurst, now lost to nineteenth-century its foundation in trade and illegal piracy. Indeed, too many renovations. 1148, (also by persons in authority had an interest in the royal charter) and dissolution (1538). proceeds of piracy since English and An elegant introduction presents the history of the manuscript catalogue and The Royal Charters of Faversham will French monarchs were quick to use such interest a far wider readership than those individuals (some assessed in detail in intellectual biographies of the owners of the books, in particular the second Earl of who live in the town and those interested this book, such as Eustace the Monk or in the Cinque Ports; the dogged and John Hawley) to supply them with vessels Leicester, about whom relatively little is otherwise known. heroic efforts of the townsmen to protect for their fleets in times of warfare. and defend their independence will This book weaves together knowledge of The project has taken nearly thirty years, interest all those engaged in the growing maritime geography and environments as Germaine Warkentin uncovered the field of early urban history. with that of international trade and state manuscript in the (then) Kent Archives on March 19, 1984. Price £30 (by mail: £36.50 inc. p+p). development to create a very novel Available from: Fleur de Lis Heritage account of the inherent instability of Centre, 10-13 Preston Street, Faversham maritime life over two and half medieval ME13 8NS centuries. The final chapter makes some highly perceptive comparisons between For credit card orders or enquiries please piracy in the medieval Channel and that ring 01795 534542 during opening hours, occurring in the contemporary Indian or email [email protected] Ocean. (without divulging card details in the first instance).

www.kentarchaeology.org.uk - Spring 2014 - KAS Newsletter 15 in the corner of the examined? Is its presence buried under cross-wing to the the floor of the building indicative of Manor complex. some sort of house blessing? Built onto a It will next be on display for two days mid-thirteenth over the weekend of April 5th and 6th, in century aisled hall, the Visitor Centre at Shorne Woods this cross-wing Country Park, as part of the Park’s dates from the late annual Archaeology Exhibition. KAS thirteenth or early members are warmly invited to visit this fourteenth century. free exhibition. Dug into the The Kent County Council, Heritage levelling layers for Lottery-funded community archaeology the cross-wing project in Shorne Woods Country Park is and covered by a now entering its ninth year. As we come pebble surface, a to the end of our current phase of complete lead funding, the project is focused on flask 20cm by post-excavation works and report 20cm was writing. Volunteers are busy cataloguing discovered. It finds, working on the site paper archive was in an and constructing an 800-strong context extremely fragile matrix for the Manor! Lead by KCC’s state, so a grant community archaeologist, the project is was successfully also benefiting from the work of a sought from the year-long Council for British Archaeology Kent Archaeological Society’s Fieldwork Community Archaeology Bursary ENIGMATIC LEAD Committee for stabilisation and Placement. conservation of the flask. This work was FLASK FROM RANDALL ably carried out by Dana Goodburn- i Brown, known to readers for her Excavations will continue at MANOR, NEAR Randall Manor this summer from pioneering work at CSI: Sittingbourne. July 7th to the 27th. There will be GRAVESEND The flask is roughly square and has two daily guided tours of the Conserved with small handles and a spout. There are excavations between 11am and faint traces of a white cross painted on 3pm. For more information on the a grant from KAS one side of the flask. Project, to participate in the Dig and for any questions or The author, in addition to being suggestions on the Flask, please A number of spectacular and enigmatic indebted to the KAS for their financial contact KCC’s Community finds have been discovered during eight support, would be delighted to hear Archaeologist, Andrew Mayfield: years of community archaeology from any KAS member who could add to [email protected]. excavation at the site of Randall Manor, the interpretation of this object. It has 07920 548906, 01622 696919 an 800 year old manor house. In 2011, and follow www.facebook.com/ been suggested that it is a large archaeologyinkent and on Twitter @ at the end of the excavation season, a example of an ampulla or lead kostrel. ArchaeologyKent. final metal detector sweep of the site Are KAS members aware of any revealed a substantial non-ferrous signal analogous objects that could be

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If undelivered, please return to The editor wishes to draw attention to the fact that EDITOR: LYN PALMER S. Broomfield, 8 Woodview Crescent, Hildenborough, neither she nor the Council of the KAS are 55 Stone Street, Tunbridge Wells, Kent TN1 2QU Tonbridge, Kent TN11 9HD answerable for opinions which contributors may Telephone: 01892 533661 express in their signed articles; each author is alone Email: [email protected] Copy deadline for the next issue is 1st Oct 2014 responsible for the contents and substance of their work.

16 Spring 2014 - KAS Newsletter - www.kentarchaeology.org.uk Published by the Kent Archaeological Society, Maidstone Museum and Bentlif Gallery, St Faith’s Street, Maidstone, Kent. ME14 1LH.