Romero, Matìas. A Mexican View of America in the 1860s: A Foreign Diplomat Describes the Civil War and Reconstruction. Translated and edited by Thomas Schoonover. Rutherford, N.J.: Associated Universities Press, 1991.

Election of 1860, Douglas, Bell, 26 New England election, Seward in western states, 26 Howell Cobb, telegraph line, 27 Lincoln and New York factions, 27 October elections, 28 Elections, Lincoln victory, 29 South Carolina secession, 30-31 Secession in deep South and border states, 31 Buchanan message, 31-32 Heated speeches in Congress, 32 Financial crisis, 33 Divisions in south over secession, 33 South Carolina secession, 34 Secession in deep south states, 34-35 Buchanan cabinet, 35 Buchanan, 35-36 Compromises, 36-37 Southern secession, 40-41 South Carolina, Fort Sumter, 41-42 Weakening support for compromise, 42 Lincoln and Seward appointment, 42 Louisiana secession, 42-43 Virginia election, 43 Republican divisions over compromise, 44 Secession, Confederate government, border states, 44-45 Maryland convention, 45 Peace congress, 45-46 Montgomery, Confederate government, 46 Morrill tariff, 46 Treasury, finances, 47 Lincoln journey to Washington, 47 Lincoln inaugural, 47 Lincoln cabinet, 47-48 Peace congress, 48 Texas forts, 48-49 Davis and slave trade, 50 Tariff, 50 Arkansas, Texas, Virginia secession, 50-51 Lincoln administration, possible evacuation of Sumter, 51 Expedition to either Sumter or Pickens, 51-52 Sumter and Major Anderson, 52 Lyman Trumbull proposal, 52

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Firing on Fort Sumter, 53 Virginia commissioners and Lincoln, 53-54 Baltimore, 54, 57 Fort Pickens, 55 Virginia secession, 55-56 Border states, 56 Transformation of opinion in the North, 57-58 Secession, border states, 58-59 Divisions in Virginia, 59 Maryland, 59 , 60 Fort Pickens, 60 Cairo, Illinois, 60 McClellan and western Virginia, 61 Kentucky neutrality, 61 Clash military and civil authorities in Maryland, 61-62 Galusha Grow elected speaker, 62 Lincoln, Chase, Congress, 64 Bull Run, 65-66 Tariff, 66 Lincoln says no cabinet changes, 67 Butler and John Wool, 68 Political party conventions, 68 Butler, Hatteras expedition, 69 Frémont proclamations in Missouri, 69-70 Declining northern enthusiasm for enlistment, 70-71 Major of Washington arrest, oath, 71 Peace feeling, 71 Northern loans, 71 Maryland secession, 72 Frémont and the government, 72-73 Conflict in Kentucky, 73 Arbitrary arrests, 73 Sterling Price and McCulloch in Missouri, 74 Kentucky conflict, 74-75 McClellan, Munson’s Hill, 75 Hostility to William Howard Russell, 76 French princes on McClellan’s staff, 76 Sumner and slavery, 76 Garibaldi, 76-77 English hostility to government, 77 Ball’s Bluff, death of Baker, 77-78, 82 Frémont, 78 Trent affair, 78, 84, 88, 90-91 Western Virginia, 79 Northern naval yards, 79

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English consults in southern ports, 79 Winfield Scott resignation, McClellan, 80 Frémont, 81 William T. Sherman, Lorenzo Thomas, 81 Frémont replaced by David Hunter, 81 Fall 1861 elections, 81 Port Royal, 83, 88-89 East Tennessee Unionism, 85 John Cochrane, slave soldiers, 86 Lincoln annual message, 87 Jefferson Davis message, 87 Slavery questions, James H. Lane, Halleck, 87-88 Beauregard report on Bull Run, Manassas, 89 Kentucky, 90 Western Virginia, 90 Northern finances, banks, specie payments, 91 McClellan health, 92 Simon Cameron, McClellan, 96 Stanton, 97 Trent affair, 97 Franking privilege, 97 Congress and ironclads, 98 Direct taxes, 98 Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War, McClellan, 99 Burnside and other expeditions, 100 Blacks imprisoned in Washington, 100 Rumor of Welles leaving Navy Department, 101 Subjugation, cabinet divisions, 101 Virginia, Letcher, war policy, 101 Forts Henry and Donelson, 102 Stanton and habeas corpus, 103 Nashville, 103 Jefferson Davis and Confederate morale, 104-5 Stanton and arrests, 105-6 McClellan, evacuation of Manassas, 107-8 Corinth, 109 Congress and slavery, 110-11 Peninsula campaign, 112 Shiloh, 112-13 Virginia legislature, defense of Richmond, 114 Evacuation of Pensacola, 116 Homestead Act, 117 Memphis, 118 Annapolis camp of instruction for army reserve, 118 Emancipation of slaves belonging to Confederate officials, 119 Pacific Railroad bill, 119

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McClellan and Seven Days, Lee, 120-21 Governors, raising more soldiers, 122 Lincoln proposal to border states for compensated emancipation, 124 McClellan on the Peninsula, 124 Halleck as general in chief, 124 Striking northern inability to subjugate the Confederacy, 124-25 Northern finances, 125 Butler and the European consults, 125 John Pope, 126 Jefferson Davis message to Congress, 127 Lincoln and colonization, 127 Lincoln reply to Greeley on slavery, 127 Lincoln, Halleck and McClellan, 127-28 Pope and Second Bull Run, 128-29 Emancipation Proclamation, 130-31 Lincoln and habeas corpus, 131 Confederates and peace initiative, 131-32 Northern governors and possible removal of McClellan, Antietam, 132 1862 elections, 133 Confederate strategy in the west, Beauregard, Corinth, 134 Burnside and McClellan, 135-36 French mediation proposal, 137 Fredericksburg, 137-38 Vicksburg, 140 Emancipation Proclamation, 141 Financial situation, 141 Bill for raising black soldiers, 142 Growing sense that Confederate independence has been established, 142-43 French intervention, 143 Bill for financial aid for Missouri to abolish slavery, 143 Illinois and New Jersey legislatures denounce the war, 143-44 Calls for a national constitutional convention, 145 McClellan and JCCW, 147 Railroad workers riot, paper money, wages, 147-48 Chattanooga, Grant, Rosecrans, Thomas, 150-51 War, treasury and naval reports, 152 Confederate treasury and navy reports, 156 Confederate conscription, 156 Election prospects early in 1864, 156 Lincoln mass meetings, Washington’s birthday, Democrats and McClellan, 157 Chase as presidential candidate, 158 Steamship navigation, 158 Monroe Doctrine, Mexico, 159 Chase and Frémont, 159 Lincoln, Chase, Frémont, McClellan as candidates, 160 Free fathers and sons of black soldiers, 161

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Mexican question, presidential election, 161-62 Attempted expulsion of disloyal house members, 162 Overland campaign, 162ff Cuba, fraudulent slave sales, 163 Failure of Grant campaign plans, 164 Cleveland convention, Frémont nomination, 165 Baltimore Republican convention, 165 Frémont, Lincoln, Monroe Doctrine, Mexico, 165-66 Paper money speculation, gold, 166-67 Investigation of New York Customs house, 167 Grant’s Petersburg strategy, starving Confederacy, 168-69 Democratic denunciation of congressional laws, 170 Death of General McPherson, 170 Niagara, peace movement, Greeley, 171-72 Northwest conspiracy in Missouri, 172 Grant, Lee, Petersburg, 172 Wade-David Manifesto, 173 McClellan meeting, 173 Military situation, August 1864, 174 Weldon railroad, 175 Democratic convention, McClellan, Monroe Doctrine, 176 McClellan and Democratic platform, 177 Lincoln reelected, 177-78 Republicans and antislavery amendment, 178 Sherman’s march to the sea, 178-79 Lincoln annual message, gold prices, 179 Brazil, 180 Sherman in Savannah, 180 Fort Fisher, 184-85 Blair mission to Richmond, 185-86 Thirteenth Amendment, 186 Sherman in South Carolina, 186-87 Wilmington, 187 Celebration of Union victories in New York, 188 Sheridan victory, 188-89 Confederates and black soldiers, 189 Confederate weakness and disasters, 189-90 Union capture of Richmond, 191-92 Confederate surrenders, 192-93 Lincoln assassination, will be good for Mexico, 194 Johnston surrender, 195 Postwar, 197ff

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